CA2691474A1 - Cyanoisoquinoline - Google Patents
Cyanoisoquinoline Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2691474A1 CA2691474A1 CA002691474A CA2691474A CA2691474A1 CA 2691474 A1 CA2691474 A1 CA 2691474A1 CA 002691474 A CA002691474 A CA 002691474A CA 2691474 A CA2691474 A CA 2691474A CA 2691474 A1 CA2691474 A1 CA 2691474A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dimethoxy
- carbonitrile
- isoquinoline
- piperazin
- phenyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- HJHXYSBRTVFEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline-1-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C#N)=NC=CC2=C1 HJHXYSBRTVFEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 208000020016 psychiatric disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 101001072037 Homo sapiens cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 102100036377 cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A Human genes 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(2-p-tolyl-morpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 27
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 208000028017 Psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 206010013663 drug dependence Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-amphetamine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940025084 amphetamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960003920 cocaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000022821 personality disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000029197 Amphetamine-Related disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000022497 Cocaine-Related disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000026251 Opioid-Related disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000006145 cocaine dependence Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000005040 opiate dependence Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000024254 Delusional disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010007776 catatonia Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000626 neurodegenerative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000002851 paranoid schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000028173 post-traumatic stress disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VHPLRXAABSNXIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C2NCCN(C2)C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)=C1 VHPLRXAABSNXIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010065040 AIDS dementia complex Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000031091 Amnestic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000218236 Cannabis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010012218 Delirium Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010049669 Dyscalculia Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000020358 Learning disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000036626 Mental retardation Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000005314 Multi-Infarct Dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000022372 Reading disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000020186 Schizophreniform disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000011963 Substance-induced psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000393 Substance-induced psychotic disorder Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000004810 Vascular dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007000 age related cognitive decline Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000015802 attention deficit-hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N binap Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003001 depressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010058319 dysgraphia Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010013932 dyslexia Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000380 hallucinogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000003723 learning disability Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- OXTKIDUJSSOMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[5-[4-(4-cyano-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolin-1-yl)piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenyl]acetamide Chemical compound C1=C(NC(C)=O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 OXTKIDUJSSOMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940005483 opioid analgesics Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229950010883 phencyclidine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000022610 schizoaffective disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001043818 Mus musculus Interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- SEESHWGGZOLEIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)morpholin-4-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCOC1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl SEESHWGGZOLEIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IPZYTQILGOUGNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)morpholin-4-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCOC1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 IPZYTQILGOUGNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBLHJOQNQZTOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C2OCOC2=CC(C2NCCN(C2)C2=C3C=C(C(=CC3=C(C#N)C(C)=N2)OC)OC)=C1 NBLHJOQNQZTOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- USOGVMGOVDHEES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C2OCOC2=CC(C2NCCN(C2)C=2N=CC(=C3C=C(C(=CC3=2)OC)OC)C#N)=C1 USOGVMGOVDHEES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PATLSGNNAZAQCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC(F)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl PATLSGNNAZAQCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTSZJTKDAGFGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QTSZJTKDAGFGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NKZGRVLAMRNLEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 NKZGRVLAMRNLEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAEAVDNJKHJBBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1Cl IAEAVDNJKHJBBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HPZXTEUKAGOOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C(C2NCCN(C2)C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=C(C)N=2)=C1 HPZXTEUKAGOOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GBIQUSNZDHOOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C(C2NCCN(C2)C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)=C1 GBIQUSNZDHOOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FIKAZIWYYSCGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C2NCCN(C2)C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=C(C)N=2)=C1 FIKAZIWYYSCGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FVUQELSBIMKIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C2NCCN(C2)C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)=C1 FVUQELSBIMKIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UKLRFPVJAQZCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 UKLRFPVJAQZCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZTBUUVPNBHHZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 ZTBUUVPNBHHZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZUJIIKNQQPOWPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 ZUJIIKNQQPOWPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEGJKDQWJCSGIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-bromophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 IEGJKDQWJCSGIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TXTOIHWKTJDEPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 TXTOIHWKTJDEPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CXHHDHQSCFBLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 CXHHDHQSCFBLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IXSFNICDTUOIHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-ethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 IXSFNICDTUOIHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVATKKLJKUUNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 MIVATKKLJKUUNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEQSZXAIOGSYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=C(C)C(C#N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 IEQSZXAIOGSYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DSEOZNSGJOIEFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 DSEOZNSGJOIEFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DNFOFZFKZDJFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(2-phenylthiomorpholin-4-yl)isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCSC1C1=CC=CC=C1 DNFOFZFKZDJFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QWPUFFMWKXJJGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(3-naphthalen-1-ylpiperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3NCCN(C3)C=3N=CC(=C4C=C(C(=CC4=3)OC)OC)C#N)=CC=CC2=C1 QWPUFFMWKXJJGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IPKJGWRGVXISIF-FQEVSTJZSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[(3r)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 IPKJGWRGVXISIF-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OUUBLZBMFRAUQW-LJQANCHMSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[(3s)-3-phenylpiperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2NCCN(C2)C=2N=CC(=C3C=C(C(=CC3=2)OC)OC)C#N)=CC=CC=C1 OUUBLZBMFRAUQW-LJQANCHMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CHBAISXCDXEAPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=C(C)C(C#N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=CC=C1OC CHBAISXCDXEAPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHOBRYUOFRYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 KRHOBRYUOFRYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GTFINXAIQJHEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(OC(C)C)C(C)=C1 GTFINXAIQJHEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HIUOSXISMBGZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 HIUOSXISMBGZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TUWOQFPFWGMKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC(OC)=CC(C)=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 TUWOQFPFWGMKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSGVJJJWYYMTID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 OSGVJJJWYYMTID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CORRHRAVMOTLIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC(C)=C(OC)C(C)=C1 CORRHRAVMOTLIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UGKNKCASISPVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=C(C)N=2)C1 UGKNKCASISPVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IPKJGWRGVXISIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 IPKJGWRGVXISIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DDRBMOYDFIIYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 DDRBMOYDFIIYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIOTUCJYYHYZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(OC(C)C)C=C1 ZIOTUCJYYHYZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXSMIRQQZKWBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C=C2C(N3CC(NCC3)C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4C=C3)OC)=NC=C(C#N)C2=C1 ZXSMIRQQZKWBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AZKHPSUQFDCRJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-[4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(OCC(C)C)C=C1 AZKHPSUQFDCRJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CJXNQEZLWMSLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-[4-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C(C(F)(F)F)C(OC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 CJXNQEZLWMSLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WTIOIIIVBNSBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[4-methyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCN(C)C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 WTIOIIIVBNSBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UGRKJCLPVUUCOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-(3-naphthalen-1-ylpiperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3NCCN(C3)C3=C4C=C(C(=CC4=C(C#N)C(C)=N3)OC)OC)=CC=CC2=C1 UGRKJCLPVUUCOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HVRBJOKVASGERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-(3-naphthalen-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C3NCCN(C3)C3=C4C=C(C(=CC4=C(C#N)C(C)=N3)OC)OC)=CC=C21 HVRBJOKVASGERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QOOOKGQALFZMIG-FQEVSTJZSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[(3r)-3-phenylpiperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1([C@H]2NCCN(C2)C2=C3C=C(C(=CC3=C(C#N)C(C)=N2)OC)OC)=CC=CC=C1 QOOOKGQALFZMIG-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QOOOKGQALFZMIG-HXUWFJFHSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[(3s)-3-phenylpiperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2NCCN(C2)C2=C3C=C(C(=CC3=C(C#N)C(C)=N2)OC)OC)=CC=CC=C1 QOOOKGQALFZMIG-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QOYKGTFCKJVQJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C2NCCN(C2)C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=C(C)N=2)=C1 QOYKGTFCKJVQJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NKAUJUCHBWNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(4-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=C(C)C(C#N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NKAUJUCHBWNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JSXUGUZMGCCVPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=C(C)C(C#N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1N(C1)CCNC1C(C=C1)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 JSXUGUZMGCCVPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150020251 NR13 gene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005350 hydroxycycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 125000006625 (C3-C8) cycloalkyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- ICOWVVXBFVIREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CC(C3NCCN(C3)C=3N=CC(=C4C=C(C(=CC4=3)OC)OC)C#N)=CC=C21 ICOWVVXBFVIREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AZJYKDFYCNDJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-bromophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=C(C)C(C#N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 AZJYKDFYCNDJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YIHLWXIGBZQOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-ethoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 YIHLWXIGBZQOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SFAHAJKNBWUMCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-ethoxy-3-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(OCC)=CC=C1C1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 SFAHAJKNBWUMCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZLRNZXBZBJXVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=C(C)C(C#N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZLRNZXBZBJXVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PPYZOKRRQDCQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(3-naphthalen-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C3NCCN(C3)C=3N=CC(=C4C=C(C(=CC4=3)OC)OC)C#N)=CC=C21 PPYZOKRRQDCQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IPKJGWRGVXISIF-HXUWFJFHSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[(3s)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[C@@H]1NCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=CN=2)C1 IPKJGWRGVXISIF-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QYAAECFLYJYZPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)morpholin-4-yl]-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1OCCN(C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=C(C)N=2)C1 QYAAECFLYJYZPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OFFPQBJOONVGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]morpholin-4-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCOC1C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 OFFPQBJOONVGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AXFXIABNQQBEOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C2NCCN(C2)C=2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3C(C#N)=C(C)N=2)=C1 AXFXIABNQQBEOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UTVDKEKYLQZUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C(C=C1)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 UTVDKEKYLQZUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BMELDAOKUHTTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-3-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C=C2C(N3CC(NCC3)C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4C=C3)OC)=NC(C)=C(C#N)C2=C1 BMELDAOKUHTTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RSLDHCHRXMLTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RSLDHCHRXMLTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UDDJTBUAUVHMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 UDDJTBUAUVHMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PEDNMQCUOYJSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(3-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=C(C)C(C#N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1N(C1)CCNC1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 PEDNMQCUOYJSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006577 C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrocyanic acid Natural products N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 41
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- NPDZTCFGRSYTPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C#N)=CN=CC2=C1 NPDZTCFGRSYTPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 108090001050 Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 102000004861 Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 22
- IVOMOUWHDPKRLL-KQYNXXCUSA-N Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Chemical compound C([C@H]1O2)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2N1C(N=CN=C2N)=C2N=C1 IVOMOUWHDPKRLL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 20
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 125000004194 piperazin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 15
- ZOOGRGPOEVQQDX-KHLHZJAASA-N cyclic guanosine monophosphate Chemical compound C([C@H]1O2)O[P@](O)(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H]2N1C(N=C(NC2=O)N)=C2N=C1 ZOOGRGPOEVQQDX-KHLHZJAASA-N 0.000 description 13
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 101150049660 DRD2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 7
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101100135868 Dictyostelium discoideum pde3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 208000020401 Depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 210000001010 olfactory tubercle Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N papaverine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CC1=NC=CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C12 XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000016285 Movement disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229940123773 Phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108060000200 adenylate cyclase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000030621 adenylate cyclase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000561 anti-psychotic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 4
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- UCFFGYASXIPWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hypochlorite Chemical compound COCl UCFFGYASXIPWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001577 neostriatum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229960001789 papaverine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010078321 Guanylate Cyclase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000014469 Guanylate cyclase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101001098818 Homo sapiens cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000001145 Metabolic Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000019022 Mood disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 201000000690 abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008484 agonism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004254 isoquinolin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=N1 0.000 description 3
- 208000024714 major depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 3
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZHVBANLECCAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(octadecanoyloxy)propyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IZHVBANLECCAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- FYMQPWWNOCENRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline Chemical group N1=CN=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1 FYMQPWWNOCENRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004980 Dopamine D2 Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001111 Dopamine D2 Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101001098812 Homo sapiens cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B Proteins 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940123263 Phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940124639 Selective inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N adenosine 5'-monophosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N adenyl group Chemical group N1=CN=C2N=CNC2=C1N GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100037093 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100037094 cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011461 current therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclandelate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)CC(C)CC1OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-ephedrine Natural products CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000105 evaporative light scattering detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 208000013403 hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002537 isoquinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002570 phosphodiesterase III inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002464 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940044551 receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000542 thalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- VKQTWCKCNOXEGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylamino)methyl hypofluorite Chemical group CN(C)COF VKQTWCKCNOXEGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZHYMGSPDEVXULU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzodiazepin-3-one Chemical class N1=NC(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C21 ZHYMGSPDEVXULU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVMXMLNOPYNZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=CC(C#N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C1Cl BVMXMLNOPYNZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMSHVZHYNSCGDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C(C)C1=NC=C(C2=CC=CC=C12)C#N DMSHVZHYNSCGDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPJGDSTUZCKJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=NC=C(C#N)C2=C1 OPJGDSTUZCKJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150000874 11 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,2-benzodiazepine Chemical compound N1N=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJSJWRORKKPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl FUJSJWRORKKPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZAKSEMIIIZYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1NCCNC1 NZAKSEMIIIZYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GELVZYOEQVJIRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyrazine Chemical compound ClC1=CN=CC=N1 GELVZYOEQVJIRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- 125000004863 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC(F)(F)F)=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- FTUUHQVGHYACAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-(4-methylphenyl)morpholin-4-yl]isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=C(C#N)C=NC=1N(C1)CCOC1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 FTUUHQVGHYACAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAMZITUJNQBJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-4-pyrrolidin-1-ylquinazoline Chemical class C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=NC=1N1CCCC1 JAMZITUJNQBJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKTFQHRVFFOHTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-7h-purine-2,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC(Br)=N2 SKTFQHRVFFOHTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCDBLYHPJMMFMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-bromoquinoline-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(Br)=CC=CC2=C1C#N UCDBLYHPJMMFMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930008281 A03AD01 - Papaverine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000008811 Agoraphobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020925 Bipolar disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009132 Catalepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010219 Compulsions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Corticosterone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(O)CC(C)(C(CC4)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101001098806 Dictyostelium discoideum cGMP-specific 3',5'-cGMP phosphodiesterase 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108050004812 Dopamine receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015554 Dopamine receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000012661 Dyskinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010014486 Elevated triglycerides Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000045 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003688 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011688 Generalised anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002705 Glucose Intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010018429 Glucose tolerance impaired Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010022489 Insulin Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000016267 Leptin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010092277 Leptin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010026749 Mania Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100434906 Mus musculus Angptl8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100028926 Mus musculus Pde10a gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000909851 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) cAMP/cGMP dual specificity phosphodiesterase Rv0805 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000021384 Obsessive-Compulsive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010033307 Overweight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101800001672 Peptide YY(3-36) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010034912 Phobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010070606 Post stroke depression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027030 Premenstrual dysphoric disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005793 Restless legs syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002684 Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010041250 Social phobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Theophylline Natural products O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031674 Traumatic Acute Stress disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010047853 Waxy flexibility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(O)=O PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000026345 acute stress disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011292 agonist therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000883 anti-obesity agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125710 antiobesity agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000164 antipsychotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000065 atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002393 azetidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000004227 basal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940049706 benzodiazepine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940053197 benzodiazepine derivative antiepileptics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003310 benzodiazepinyl group Chemical class N1N=C(C=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000028683 bipolar I disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022257 bipolar II disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OZVBMTJYIDMWIL-AYFBDAFISA-N bromocriptine Chemical compound C1=CC(C=2[C@H](N(C)C[C@@H](C=2)C(=O)N[C@]2(C(=O)N3[C@H](C(N4CCC[C@H]4[C@]3(O)O2)=O)CC(C)C)C(C)C)C2)=C3C2=C(Br)NC3=C1 OZVBMTJYIDMWIL-AYFBDAFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002802 bromocriptine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000011496 cAMP-mediated signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MIOPJNTWMNEORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N camphorsulfonic acid Chemical class C1CC2(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)CC1C2(C)C MIOPJNTWMNEORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004413 cardiac myocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002903 catalepsic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000259 cinnolinyl group Chemical class N1=NC(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007278 cognition impairment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N corticosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004410 cyclooctyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCCCCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 208000026725 cyclothymic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007933 dermal patch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940042399 direct acting antivirals protease inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003136 dopamine receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003291 dopaminomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008298 dragée Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024732 dysthymic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002702 enteric coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009505 enteric coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002179 ephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013613 expression plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000029364 generalized anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001905 globus pallidus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940074045 glyceryl distearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003878 haloperidol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000054918 human PDE10A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001505 hypomanic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004068 intracellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside Chemical compound CC(C)S[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NRYBAZVQPHGZNS-ZSOCWYAHSA-N leptin Chemical compound O=C([C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(C)C)CCSC)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O NRYBAZVQPHGZNS-ZSOCWYAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940039781 leptin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008297 liquid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011866 long-term treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMSZANIMCDLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hypofluorite Chemical compound COF XMSZANIMCDLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002464 muscle smooth vascular Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001298 n-hexoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004031 neuronal differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006576 neuronal survival Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000287 oocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N orlistat Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC=O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCCCC AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001243 orlistat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005489 p-toluenesulfonic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000019906 panic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004885 piperazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002953 preparative HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004237 preparative chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N pseudoephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003908 pseudoephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002637 putamen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003246 quinazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014786 regulation of synaptic transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZCPYUJPEARBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N rimonabant Chemical compound CC=1C(C(=O)NN2CCCCC2)=NN(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)C=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JZCPYUJPEARBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003015 rimonabant Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sibutramine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C1(C(N(C)C)CC(C)C)CCC1 UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004425 sibutramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000001716 specific phobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001300 stimulation of adenylate cyclase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003523 substantia nigra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940066771 systemic antihistamines piperazine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003039 tetrahydroisoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(NCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004571 thiomorpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCSCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001680 trimethoxyphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/32—Alcohol-abuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/36—Opioid-abuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Addiction (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
This invention is directed to compounds, which are PDE10A enzyme inhibitors.
The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I). The present invention further provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I). The present invention further provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a psychiatric disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I). The present invention further provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I). The present invention further provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a psychiatric disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
Description
CYANOISOQUINOLINE
Field of the Invention The present invention provides for compounds that are PDE10A enzyme inhibitors, and as such are useful to treat associated neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
Especially, the invention provides compounds that have preference for PDE10 over PDE3. The present invention also provides for pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating said disorders using the compounds of the invention.
Background of the Invention Throughout this application, various publications are referenced to in full citations. The disclosures of these publications are hereby incorporated by reference into this application to describe more fully the state of the art to which this invention pertains.
The cyclic nucleotides, cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) function as intracellular second messengers regulating a vast array of processes in neurons. Intracellular cAMP and cGMP are generated by adenyl and guanyl cyclases, and are degraded by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs).
Intracelluar levels of cAMP and cGMP are controlled by intracellular signaling, and stimulation/repression of adenyl and guanyl cyclases in response to GPCR
activation is a well characterized way of controlling cyclic nucleotide concentrations (Antoni, F.A. Front.
Neuroendocrinol. 2000, 21(2), 103-132). In neurons, this includes the activation of cAMP
and cGMP dependent kinases and subsequent phosphorylation of proteins involved in acute regulation of synaptic transmission as well as in neuronal differentiation and survival.
There are 21 phosphodiesterase genes that can be divided into 11 gene families. There are ten families of adenylyl cyclases, two of guanylyl cyclases, and eleven of phosphodiesterases. PDEs are a class of intracellular enzymes that regulate levels of cAMP and cGMP via hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotide into their respective nucleotide monophosphates. Some PDEs degrade cAMP, some cGMP and some both. Most PDEs have a relatively widespread expression and have roles in many tissues, while some are more spatially restricted.
Phosphodieasterase 10A (PDE10A) is a dual specificity phosphodiesterase that can convert both cAMP to AMP and cGMP to GMP (Loughney, K. et al. Gene 1999, 234, 117; Fujishige, K. et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 1999, 266, 1118-1127 and Soderling, S. et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1999, 96, 7071-7076). PDE10A is primarily expressed in the neurons in the striatum, n. accumbens and in the olfactory tubercle (Kotera, J. et al.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1999, 261, 551-557 and Seeger, T.F. et al. Brain Research, 2003, 985, 113-126).
Mouse PDE10A is the first member of the PDE10 family of phosphodiesterases (Fujishige, K. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 18438-18445 and Loughney, K.
et al. Gene 1999, 234, 109-117) and N-terminal splice variants of both the rat and human genes have been identified (Kotera, J. et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1999, 261, 551-557 and Fujishige, K. et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 1999, 266, 1118-1127). There is a high degree of homology across species. PDE10A is uniquely localized in mammals relative to other PDE families. mRNA for PDE10 is highly expressed in testis and brain (Fujishige, K. et al.
Eur J Biochem. 1999, 266, 1118-1127; Soderling, S. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. 1999, 96, 7071-7076 and Loughney, K. et al. Gene 1999, 234,109-117). These studies indicate that within the brain, PDE10 expression is highest in the striatum (caudate and putamen), n.
accumbens and olfactory tubercle. More recently, an analysis has been made of the expression pattern in rodent brain of PDE10A mRNA (Seeger, T.F. et al. Abst.
Soc.
Neurosci. 2000, 26, 345.10) and PDE10A protein (Menniti, F.S. et al. William Harvey Research Conference 'Phosphodiesterase in Health and Disease', Porto, Portugal, Dec.
5-7, 2001).
PDE10A is expressed at high levels by the medium spiny neurons (MSN) of the caudate n., n. accumbens and the corresponding neurons of the olfactory tubercle. This constitutes the core of the basal ganglia system. The MSN make up a role in a cortical-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop, integrating convergent cortical/thalamic input, and sending this integrated information back to the cortex. Furthermore, MSN express two functional classes of neurons: the D, class expressing D, dopamine receptors and the D2 class expressing D2 dopamine receptors. The D, class of neurons is part of the 'direct' striatal output pathway, which broadly functions to facilitate behavioral responses.
The D2 class of neurons is part of the 'indirect' striatal output pathway, which functions to suppress behavioral responses that compete with those being facilitated by the 'direct' pathway.
These competing pathways act like the brake and accelerator in a car. In the simplest view, the poverty of movement in Parkinson's disease results from over-activity of the 'indirect' pathway, whereas excess movement in disorders such as Huntington's disease represent over-activity of the direct pathway. PDE10A regulation of cAMP
and/or cGMP
signaling in the dendritic compartment of these neurons may be involved in filtering the cortico/thalamic input into the MSN. Furthermore, PDE10A may be involved in the regulation of GABA release in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus (Seeger, T.F. et al.
Brain Research, 2003, 985, 113-126).
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonism is well established in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Since the 1950's, dopamine D2 receptor antagonism has been the mainstay in psychosis treatment and all effective antipsychotic drugs antagonise D2 receptors. The effects of D2 are likely to be mediated primarily through neurons in the striatum, n.
accumbens and olfactory tubercle, since these areas receive the densest dopaminergic projections and have the strongest expression of D2 receptors (Konradi, C. and Heckers, S.
Society of Biological Psychiatry, 2001, 50, 729-742). Dopamine DZ receptor agonism leads to decrease in cAMP levels in the cells where it is expressed through adenylate cyclase inhibition, and this is a component of D2 signalling (Stoof, J.C. and Kebabian J.W. Nature 1981, 294, 366-368 and Neve, K.A. at al. Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction 2004, 24(3), 165-205). Conversely, D2 receptor antagonism effectively increases cAMP
levels, and this effect could be mimicked by inhibition of cAMP degrading phosphodiesterases.
Most of the 21 phosphodiesterase genes are widely expressed; therefore inhibition is likely to have side effects. Because PDE10A, in this context, has the desired expression profile with high and relatively specific expression in neurons in striatum, n. accumbens and olfactory tubercle, PDE10A inhibition is likely to have effects similar to D2 receptor antagonism and therefore have antipsychotic effects.
While PDE10A inhibition is expected to mimic D2 receptor antagonism in part, it might be expected to have a different profile. The D2 receptor has signalling components besides cAMP (Neve, K.A. et al. Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction 2004, 24(3), 165-205), wherefore interference with cAMP through PDE10A inhibition may negatively modulate rather than directly antagonise dopamine signaling through D2 receptors. This may reduce the risk of the extrapyrimidal side effects that are seen with strong D2 antagonism. Conversely, PDE10A inhibition may have some effects not seen with receptor antagonism. PDE10A is also expressed in D, receptors expressing striatal neurons (Seeger, T.F. et al. Brain Research, 2003, 985, 113-126). Since D, receptor agonism leads to stimulation of adenylate cyclase and resulting increase in cAMP levels, PDE10A inhibition is likely to also have effects that mimic D, receptor agonism. Finally, PDE10A inhibition will not only increase cAMP in cells, but might also be expected to increase cGMP levels, since PDE10A is a dual specificity phosphodiesterase.
cGMP
activates a number of target protein in cells like cAMP and also interacts with the cAMP
signalling pathways. In conclusion, PDE10A inhibition is likely to mimic D2 receptor antagonism in part and therefore has antipsychotic effect, but the profile might differ from that observed with classical D2 receptor antagonists.
The PDE10A inhibitor papaverin is shown to be active in several antipsychotic models.
Papaverin potentiated the cataleptic effect of the D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol in rats, but did not cause catalepsy on its own (WO 03/093499). Papaverin reduced hyperactivity in rats induced by PCP, while reduction of amphetamine induced hyperactivity was insignificant (WO 03/093499). These models suggest that inhibition has the classic antipsychotic potential that would be expected from theoretical considerations. WO 03/093499 further discloses the use of selective PDE10 inhibitors for the treatment of associated neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, inhibition reverses subchronic PCP-induced deficits in attentional set-shifting in rats (Rodefer, et al. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005, 4, 1070-1076). This model suggests that PDE10A
inhibition might alleviate cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.
Accordingly, signal enhancement via elevation of cAMP and cGMP can be induced through the administration of PDE10A inhibitors to treat associated neurological and psychiatric disorders. The PDE10A inhibitors of the present invention are expected to serve as therapies for the treatment of associated neurological and psychiatric disorders and may have the benefit of not possessing unwanted side effects, which are associated with the current therapies on the market.
Furthermore, recent publications (WO 2005/120514, WO 2005012485, Cantin et al, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 17 (2007) 2869-2873) suggest that inhibitors may be useful for treatment of obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes.
With respect to inhibitors of PDE10A, EP 1250923 discloses the use of selective PDE10 inhibitors in general, and papaverine in particular, for the treatment of certain neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
WO 05/1 1 351 7 discloses benzodiazepine stereospecific compounds as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, especially types 2 and 4, and the prevention and treatment of pathologies involving a central and/or peripheral disorder. WO 02/88096 discloses benzodiazepine derivatives and their uses as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, especially 5 type 4 in the therapeutic field. WO 04/41258 discloses benzodiazepinone derivatives and their uses as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, especially type 2 in the therapeutic field.
Pyrrolodihydroisoquinolines and variants thereof are disclosed as inhibitors of PDE10 in WO 05/03129 and WO 05/02579. Piperidinyl-substituted quinazolines and isoquinolines that serve as PDE10 inhibitors are disclosed in WO 05/82883. WO 06/11040 discloses substituted quinazoline and isoquinoline compounds that serve as inhibitors of PDE10.
US20050182079 discloses substituted tetrahydroisoquinolinyl derivatives of quinazoline and isoquinoline that serve as effective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors.
In particular, US20050182079 relates to said compounds, which are selective inhibitors of PDE-10.
Analogously, US20060019975 discloses piperidine derivatives of quinazoline and isoquinoline that serve as effective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors.
also relates to compounds that are selective inhibitors of PDE10.
WO 06/028957 discloses cinnoline derivatives as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 10 for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological syndromes.
However, these disclosures do not pertain to compounds comprising cyanoisoquinoline attached to 2-arylpiperazine, 2-arylthiomorpholine or 2-arylmorpholine via a N-C linkage;
said compounds having now been found by the inventors to be highly active enzyme inhibitors. Such compounds may offer alternatives to current marketed treatments for neurodegenerative and/or psychiatric disorders, which are not efficacious in all patients. Hence, there remains the need for alternative methods of treatment.
The Phosphodiesterase 3(PDE3) family consists of two genes PDE3A and PDE3B.
They encode enzymes that can hydrolyse cAMP and cGMP to AMP and GMP, respectively.
PDE3A is relatively highly expressed in platelets, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac myocytes, and oocytes. PDE3B is a major PDE in adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, as well as in cardiovascular tissues. PDE3 inhibitors have been approved for treatment of congestive heart failure. However, while they are beneficial in acute treatment, chronic treatment with PDE3 inhibitors resulted in a significant increase in mortality (Matthew A.
Movsesian, Journal of Cardiac Failure Vol. 9 No. 6, 2003, 475-480).
Several PDE10 inhibitors containing the 6,7-dimethoxy-quinazoline motif have been described previously (Chappie et al.: Discovery of a Series of 6,7-Dimethoxy-4-pyrrolidylquinazoline PDE10A Inhibitors, American Chemical Society, Published on Web 12/22/2006). The 6,7-dimethoxy-quinazoline containing compounds described herein all exhibited significant PDE3 activity - all had PDE3A IC50's of less than 800 nM. Thus, achieving selectivity towards PDE3 appears to be a common problem for PDE10 inhibitors with this motif that poses a serious problem for their potential use in chronic treatment given the propensity of pde3 inhibition to cause cardiac side effects.
Summary of the Invention The objective of the present invention is to provide compounds that are PDE10A
enzyme inhibitors without affecting the inhibition of PDE3.
A further objective of the present invention is to provide compounds with such activities which have improved solubility, metabolic stability and/or bioavailability compared to prior art compounds.
Another objective of the invention is to provide an effective treatment, in particular long-term treatment, of a human patient, without causing the side effects typically associated with current therapies for neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
Further objectives of the invention will become apparent upon reading the present specification.
Accordingly, in one aspect the present invention relates to compounds of formula I:
Field of the Invention The present invention provides for compounds that are PDE10A enzyme inhibitors, and as such are useful to treat associated neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
Especially, the invention provides compounds that have preference for PDE10 over PDE3. The present invention also provides for pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating said disorders using the compounds of the invention.
Background of the Invention Throughout this application, various publications are referenced to in full citations. The disclosures of these publications are hereby incorporated by reference into this application to describe more fully the state of the art to which this invention pertains.
The cyclic nucleotides, cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) function as intracellular second messengers regulating a vast array of processes in neurons. Intracellular cAMP and cGMP are generated by adenyl and guanyl cyclases, and are degraded by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs).
Intracelluar levels of cAMP and cGMP are controlled by intracellular signaling, and stimulation/repression of adenyl and guanyl cyclases in response to GPCR
activation is a well characterized way of controlling cyclic nucleotide concentrations (Antoni, F.A. Front.
Neuroendocrinol. 2000, 21(2), 103-132). In neurons, this includes the activation of cAMP
and cGMP dependent kinases and subsequent phosphorylation of proteins involved in acute regulation of synaptic transmission as well as in neuronal differentiation and survival.
There are 21 phosphodiesterase genes that can be divided into 11 gene families. There are ten families of adenylyl cyclases, two of guanylyl cyclases, and eleven of phosphodiesterases. PDEs are a class of intracellular enzymes that regulate levels of cAMP and cGMP via hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotide into their respective nucleotide monophosphates. Some PDEs degrade cAMP, some cGMP and some both. Most PDEs have a relatively widespread expression and have roles in many tissues, while some are more spatially restricted.
Phosphodieasterase 10A (PDE10A) is a dual specificity phosphodiesterase that can convert both cAMP to AMP and cGMP to GMP (Loughney, K. et al. Gene 1999, 234, 117; Fujishige, K. et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 1999, 266, 1118-1127 and Soderling, S. et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1999, 96, 7071-7076). PDE10A is primarily expressed in the neurons in the striatum, n. accumbens and in the olfactory tubercle (Kotera, J. et al.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1999, 261, 551-557 and Seeger, T.F. et al. Brain Research, 2003, 985, 113-126).
Mouse PDE10A is the first member of the PDE10 family of phosphodiesterases (Fujishige, K. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 18438-18445 and Loughney, K.
et al. Gene 1999, 234, 109-117) and N-terminal splice variants of both the rat and human genes have been identified (Kotera, J. et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1999, 261, 551-557 and Fujishige, K. et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 1999, 266, 1118-1127). There is a high degree of homology across species. PDE10A is uniquely localized in mammals relative to other PDE families. mRNA for PDE10 is highly expressed in testis and brain (Fujishige, K. et al.
Eur J Biochem. 1999, 266, 1118-1127; Soderling, S. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. 1999, 96, 7071-7076 and Loughney, K. et al. Gene 1999, 234,109-117). These studies indicate that within the brain, PDE10 expression is highest in the striatum (caudate and putamen), n.
accumbens and olfactory tubercle. More recently, an analysis has been made of the expression pattern in rodent brain of PDE10A mRNA (Seeger, T.F. et al. Abst.
Soc.
Neurosci. 2000, 26, 345.10) and PDE10A protein (Menniti, F.S. et al. William Harvey Research Conference 'Phosphodiesterase in Health and Disease', Porto, Portugal, Dec.
5-7, 2001).
PDE10A is expressed at high levels by the medium spiny neurons (MSN) of the caudate n., n. accumbens and the corresponding neurons of the olfactory tubercle. This constitutes the core of the basal ganglia system. The MSN make up a role in a cortical-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop, integrating convergent cortical/thalamic input, and sending this integrated information back to the cortex. Furthermore, MSN express two functional classes of neurons: the D, class expressing D, dopamine receptors and the D2 class expressing D2 dopamine receptors. The D, class of neurons is part of the 'direct' striatal output pathway, which broadly functions to facilitate behavioral responses.
The D2 class of neurons is part of the 'indirect' striatal output pathway, which functions to suppress behavioral responses that compete with those being facilitated by the 'direct' pathway.
These competing pathways act like the brake and accelerator in a car. In the simplest view, the poverty of movement in Parkinson's disease results from over-activity of the 'indirect' pathway, whereas excess movement in disorders such as Huntington's disease represent over-activity of the direct pathway. PDE10A regulation of cAMP
and/or cGMP
signaling in the dendritic compartment of these neurons may be involved in filtering the cortico/thalamic input into the MSN. Furthermore, PDE10A may be involved in the regulation of GABA release in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus (Seeger, T.F. et al.
Brain Research, 2003, 985, 113-126).
Dopamine D2 receptor antagonism is well established in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Since the 1950's, dopamine D2 receptor antagonism has been the mainstay in psychosis treatment and all effective antipsychotic drugs antagonise D2 receptors. The effects of D2 are likely to be mediated primarily through neurons in the striatum, n.
accumbens and olfactory tubercle, since these areas receive the densest dopaminergic projections and have the strongest expression of D2 receptors (Konradi, C. and Heckers, S.
Society of Biological Psychiatry, 2001, 50, 729-742). Dopamine DZ receptor agonism leads to decrease in cAMP levels in the cells where it is expressed through adenylate cyclase inhibition, and this is a component of D2 signalling (Stoof, J.C. and Kebabian J.W. Nature 1981, 294, 366-368 and Neve, K.A. at al. Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction 2004, 24(3), 165-205). Conversely, D2 receptor antagonism effectively increases cAMP
levels, and this effect could be mimicked by inhibition of cAMP degrading phosphodiesterases.
Most of the 21 phosphodiesterase genes are widely expressed; therefore inhibition is likely to have side effects. Because PDE10A, in this context, has the desired expression profile with high and relatively specific expression in neurons in striatum, n. accumbens and olfactory tubercle, PDE10A inhibition is likely to have effects similar to D2 receptor antagonism and therefore have antipsychotic effects.
While PDE10A inhibition is expected to mimic D2 receptor antagonism in part, it might be expected to have a different profile. The D2 receptor has signalling components besides cAMP (Neve, K.A. et al. Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction 2004, 24(3), 165-205), wherefore interference with cAMP through PDE10A inhibition may negatively modulate rather than directly antagonise dopamine signaling through D2 receptors. This may reduce the risk of the extrapyrimidal side effects that are seen with strong D2 antagonism. Conversely, PDE10A inhibition may have some effects not seen with receptor antagonism. PDE10A is also expressed in D, receptors expressing striatal neurons (Seeger, T.F. et al. Brain Research, 2003, 985, 113-126). Since D, receptor agonism leads to stimulation of adenylate cyclase and resulting increase in cAMP levels, PDE10A inhibition is likely to also have effects that mimic D, receptor agonism. Finally, PDE10A inhibition will not only increase cAMP in cells, but might also be expected to increase cGMP levels, since PDE10A is a dual specificity phosphodiesterase.
cGMP
activates a number of target protein in cells like cAMP and also interacts with the cAMP
signalling pathways. In conclusion, PDE10A inhibition is likely to mimic D2 receptor antagonism in part and therefore has antipsychotic effect, but the profile might differ from that observed with classical D2 receptor antagonists.
The PDE10A inhibitor papaverin is shown to be active in several antipsychotic models.
Papaverin potentiated the cataleptic effect of the D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol in rats, but did not cause catalepsy on its own (WO 03/093499). Papaverin reduced hyperactivity in rats induced by PCP, while reduction of amphetamine induced hyperactivity was insignificant (WO 03/093499). These models suggest that inhibition has the classic antipsychotic potential that would be expected from theoretical considerations. WO 03/093499 further discloses the use of selective PDE10 inhibitors for the treatment of associated neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, inhibition reverses subchronic PCP-induced deficits in attentional set-shifting in rats (Rodefer, et al. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005, 4, 1070-1076). This model suggests that PDE10A
inhibition might alleviate cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.
Accordingly, signal enhancement via elevation of cAMP and cGMP can be induced through the administration of PDE10A inhibitors to treat associated neurological and psychiatric disorders. The PDE10A inhibitors of the present invention are expected to serve as therapies for the treatment of associated neurological and psychiatric disorders and may have the benefit of not possessing unwanted side effects, which are associated with the current therapies on the market.
Furthermore, recent publications (WO 2005/120514, WO 2005012485, Cantin et al, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 17 (2007) 2869-2873) suggest that inhibitors may be useful for treatment of obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes.
With respect to inhibitors of PDE10A, EP 1250923 discloses the use of selective PDE10 inhibitors in general, and papaverine in particular, for the treatment of certain neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
WO 05/1 1 351 7 discloses benzodiazepine stereospecific compounds as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, especially types 2 and 4, and the prevention and treatment of pathologies involving a central and/or peripheral disorder. WO 02/88096 discloses benzodiazepine derivatives and their uses as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, especially 5 type 4 in the therapeutic field. WO 04/41258 discloses benzodiazepinone derivatives and their uses as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, especially type 2 in the therapeutic field.
Pyrrolodihydroisoquinolines and variants thereof are disclosed as inhibitors of PDE10 in WO 05/03129 and WO 05/02579. Piperidinyl-substituted quinazolines and isoquinolines that serve as PDE10 inhibitors are disclosed in WO 05/82883. WO 06/11040 discloses substituted quinazoline and isoquinoline compounds that serve as inhibitors of PDE10.
US20050182079 discloses substituted tetrahydroisoquinolinyl derivatives of quinazoline and isoquinoline that serve as effective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors.
In particular, US20050182079 relates to said compounds, which are selective inhibitors of PDE-10.
Analogously, US20060019975 discloses piperidine derivatives of quinazoline and isoquinoline that serve as effective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors.
also relates to compounds that are selective inhibitors of PDE10.
WO 06/028957 discloses cinnoline derivatives as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 10 for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological syndromes.
However, these disclosures do not pertain to compounds comprising cyanoisoquinoline attached to 2-arylpiperazine, 2-arylthiomorpholine or 2-arylmorpholine via a N-C linkage;
said compounds having now been found by the inventors to be highly active enzyme inhibitors. Such compounds may offer alternatives to current marketed treatments for neurodegenerative and/or psychiatric disorders, which are not efficacious in all patients. Hence, there remains the need for alternative methods of treatment.
The Phosphodiesterase 3(PDE3) family consists of two genes PDE3A and PDE3B.
They encode enzymes that can hydrolyse cAMP and cGMP to AMP and GMP, respectively.
PDE3A is relatively highly expressed in platelets, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac myocytes, and oocytes. PDE3B is a major PDE in adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, as well as in cardiovascular tissues. PDE3 inhibitors have been approved for treatment of congestive heart failure. However, while they are beneficial in acute treatment, chronic treatment with PDE3 inhibitors resulted in a significant increase in mortality (Matthew A.
Movsesian, Journal of Cardiac Failure Vol. 9 No. 6, 2003, 475-480).
Several PDE10 inhibitors containing the 6,7-dimethoxy-quinazoline motif have been described previously (Chappie et al.: Discovery of a Series of 6,7-Dimethoxy-4-pyrrolidylquinazoline PDE10A Inhibitors, American Chemical Society, Published on Web 12/22/2006). The 6,7-dimethoxy-quinazoline containing compounds described herein all exhibited significant PDE3 activity - all had PDE3A IC50's of less than 800 nM. Thus, achieving selectivity towards PDE3 appears to be a common problem for PDE10 inhibitors with this motif that poses a serious problem for their potential use in chronic treatment given the propensity of pde3 inhibition to cause cardiac side effects.
Summary of the Invention The objective of the present invention is to provide compounds that are PDE10A
enzyme inhibitors without affecting the inhibition of PDE3.
A further objective of the present invention is to provide compounds with such activities which have improved solubility, metabolic stability and/or bioavailability compared to prior art compounds.
Another objective of the invention is to provide an effective treatment, in particular long-term treatment, of a human patient, without causing the side effects typically associated with current therapies for neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
Further objectives of the invention will become apparent upon reading the present specification.
Accordingly, in one aspect the present invention relates to compounds of formula I:
CN
Q
wherein = Q is selected from NH, 0 or S
= R, and R2 are independently C1-C4 alkyl = R3, R4, R5, R6 and R, are independently selected from:
o H, (C1-C6) alkyl, P-C6) alkoxy, halogen, halo(C,-C6)alkyl, (C,-C6)hydroxyalkyl, (C1-Cs)alkoxy(Ci-C6)alkyl, (Cl-Cs)hydroxycycloalkyl, (C3-C$)cycloalkoxy, P-Cs)alkoxy(C3-C$)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyheterocycloalkyl, and (C,-C6)alkoxy-heterocycloalkyl, wherein each (C3-C$)cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl moiety may be independently substituted with from one to three (C,-C6)alkyl;
o a-NR8Rg group, wherein R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, Cl-C6 alkyl, halo(Cl-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl;
o a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
/--N n N z ~
wherein n is 1 or 2 and Z is oxygen or NRjo, wherein R,o is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl, or o a ketone, sulfone, ester, amide, sulfonic ester or sulfonamide, selected from O Y O Y
II I II I
-C-X -S-X N-S-X or N-C-X
II II II II
O O O O
wherein Y is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl and X is a selected from:
= a(C,-C6) alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, =-O-(C1-C6) alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, = a-NRõR12 group, where Rl, and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(Cl-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or = a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
/41n N W
wherein n is 1 or 2; and W is oxygen or NR13, wherein R13 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl, or = two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 may together with the aromatic ring they are attached to form a 5-7 membered, saturated or unsaturated ring containing carbon and one or two heteroatoms selected from N, 0 or S, and optionally substituted with an (C1-C6) alkoxy group. The remaining three substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, which do not take part of the ring, are independently selected as stated above.
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Q
wherein = Q is selected from NH, 0 or S
= R, and R2 are independently C1-C4 alkyl = R3, R4, R5, R6 and R, are independently selected from:
o H, (C1-C6) alkyl, P-C6) alkoxy, halogen, halo(C,-C6)alkyl, (C,-C6)hydroxyalkyl, (C1-Cs)alkoxy(Ci-C6)alkyl, (Cl-Cs)hydroxycycloalkyl, (C3-C$)cycloalkoxy, P-Cs)alkoxy(C3-C$)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyheterocycloalkyl, and (C,-C6)alkoxy-heterocycloalkyl, wherein each (C3-C$)cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl moiety may be independently substituted with from one to three (C,-C6)alkyl;
o a-NR8Rg group, wherein R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, Cl-C6 alkyl, halo(Cl-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl;
o a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
/--N n N z ~
wherein n is 1 or 2 and Z is oxygen or NRjo, wherein R,o is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl, or o a ketone, sulfone, ester, amide, sulfonic ester or sulfonamide, selected from O Y O Y
II I II I
-C-X -S-X N-S-X or N-C-X
II II II II
O O O O
wherein Y is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl and X is a selected from:
= a(C,-C6) alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, =-O-(C1-C6) alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, = a-NRõR12 group, where Rl, and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(Cl-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or = a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
/41n N W
wherein n is 1 or 2; and W is oxygen or NR13, wherein R13 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl, or = two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 may together with the aromatic ring they are attached to form a 5-7 membered, saturated or unsaturated ring containing carbon and one or two heteroatoms selected from N, 0 or S, and optionally substituted with an (C1-C6) alkoxy group. The remaining three substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, which do not take part of the ring, are independently selected as stated above.
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I in the form of a single enantiomer, a single diastereomer, a mixture of enantiomers, a mixture of diastereomers, or a polymorph.
In separate embodiments of the invention, the compound is selected from one of the specific compounds disclosed in the Experimental Section.
The invention provides a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, for use as a medicament.
In another aspect the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
The invention further provides the use of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders.
Furthermore, in yet another aspect the present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a psychiatric disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. In another embodiment the present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a drug addiction such as an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction.
Detailed Description of the Invention Definition of Substitutents As used in the present invention, the terms "halo" and "halogen" are used interchangeably and refer to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
Furthermore, the term "C1-C6 alkyl" refers to a straight chained or branched saturated hydrocarbon having from one to six carbon atoms inclusive. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl and n-hexyl. Similarly, the term "Cl-C4 alkyl" refers to a straight chained or 5 branched saturated hydrocarbon having from one to four carbon atoms inclusive. The expression "Cl-C6 hydroxyalkyl" refers to a Cl-C6 alkyl group as defined above, which is substituted with one hydroxy group. The term "halo(Cl-C6)alkyl" refers to a Cl-C6 alkyl group as defined above, which is substituted with up to three halogen atoms.
In separate embodiments of the invention, the compound is selected from one of the specific compounds disclosed in the Experimental Section.
The invention provides a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, for use as a medicament.
In another aspect the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
The invention further provides the use of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders.
Furthermore, in yet another aspect the present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a psychiatric disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. In another embodiment the present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a drug addiction such as an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction.
Detailed Description of the Invention Definition of Substitutents As used in the present invention, the terms "halo" and "halogen" are used interchangeably and refer to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
Furthermore, the term "C1-C6 alkyl" refers to a straight chained or branched saturated hydrocarbon having from one to six carbon atoms inclusive. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl and n-hexyl. Similarly, the term "Cl-C4 alkyl" refers to a straight chained or 5 branched saturated hydrocarbon having from one to four carbon atoms inclusive. The expression "Cl-C6 hydroxyalkyl" refers to a Cl-C6 alkyl group as defined above, which is substituted with one hydroxy group. The term "halo(Cl-C6)alkyl" refers to a Cl-C6 alkyl group as defined above, which is substituted with up to three halogen atoms.
10 The expression "C1-C6 alkoxy" refers to a straight chain or branched saturated alkoxy group having from one to six carbon atoms inclusive with the open valency on the oxygen.
Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-butoxy, 2-methyl-pentoxy and n-hexyloxy. The term "halo(C,-C6)alkoxy" refers to a C1-C6 alkoxy group as defined above, which is substituted with up to three halogen atoms.
The term "Cl-C6 alkoxy(C,-C6)alkyl" refers to a C1-C6 alkyl group as defined above, which is substituted with a C1-C6 alkoxy group as defined above.
The term "C3-C8 cycloalkyl" typically refers to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. The term "C3-C8 hydroxycycloalkyP"
refers to C3-C8 cycloalkyl as defined above, which is substituted with one hydroxy group. The expression "C1-Ce alkoxy(C3-Ca)cycloalkyl" refers to a C3-C8 cycloalkyl as defined above, which is substituted with a straight chained or branched C1-C6 alkoxy. The term "C3-C8 cycloalkoxy"
typically refers to cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptoxy and cyclooctoxy in which the open valency is on the oxygen atom.
The term "heterocycloalkyl" refers to a four to eight membered ring containing carbon atoms and up to three N, 0 or S atoms provided that the four to eight membered ring does not contain adjacent 0 or adjacent S atoms. The open valency is on either the heteroatom or carbon atom. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and [1,4]diazepanyl. The term "hydroxyheterocycloalkyl" refers to a heterocycloalkyl as defined above, which is substituted with one hydroxy group. The term "C1-C6 alkoxy-heterocycloalkyl"
refers to a heterocycloalkyl as defined above, which is substituted with a C1-C6 alkoxy group.
Additionally, the present invention further provides for certain embodiments of the invention, which are described below.
Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-butoxy, 2-methyl-pentoxy and n-hexyloxy. The term "halo(C,-C6)alkoxy" refers to a C1-C6 alkoxy group as defined above, which is substituted with up to three halogen atoms.
The term "Cl-C6 alkoxy(C,-C6)alkyl" refers to a C1-C6 alkyl group as defined above, which is substituted with a C1-C6 alkoxy group as defined above.
The term "C3-C8 cycloalkyl" typically refers to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. The term "C3-C8 hydroxycycloalkyP"
refers to C3-C8 cycloalkyl as defined above, which is substituted with one hydroxy group. The expression "C1-Ce alkoxy(C3-Ca)cycloalkyl" refers to a C3-C8 cycloalkyl as defined above, which is substituted with a straight chained or branched C1-C6 alkoxy. The term "C3-C8 cycloalkoxy"
typically refers to cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptoxy and cyclooctoxy in which the open valency is on the oxygen atom.
The term "heterocycloalkyl" refers to a four to eight membered ring containing carbon atoms and up to three N, 0 or S atoms provided that the four to eight membered ring does not contain adjacent 0 or adjacent S atoms. The open valency is on either the heteroatom or carbon atom. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and [1,4]diazepanyl. The term "hydroxyheterocycloalkyl" refers to a heterocycloalkyl as defined above, which is substituted with one hydroxy group. The term "C1-C6 alkoxy-heterocycloalkyl"
refers to a heterocycloalkyl as defined above, which is substituted with a C1-C6 alkoxy group.
Additionally, the present invention further provides for certain embodiments of the invention, which are described below.
Formula I defines the compounds of the present invention by the ring variable Q, and by the substituents R,, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Q=NH
In one embodiment R, and R2 are independently C,-Cz alkyl, such as methyl.
Typically, R1 and R2 are both methyl In one embodiment, R3 is selected from hydrogen, (C,-C6) alkoxy or halogen, such as hydrogen, methoxy, chlorine and bromine; or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-O-NNH -O-N~/NH
O
-p-N~0 -~
Typically R3 is hydrogen.
In another embodiment of the invention, R4 is selected from hydrogen, (C,-C6) alkoxy, halogen or nitro such as hydrogen, methoxy, chlorine, bromine and nitro, or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-O-NNH -O-NNH
O
-p- N0 -u - N~~
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Q=NH
In one embodiment R, and R2 are independently C,-Cz alkyl, such as methyl.
Typically, R1 and R2 are both methyl In one embodiment, R3 is selected from hydrogen, (C,-C6) alkoxy or halogen, such as hydrogen, methoxy, chlorine and bromine; or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-O-NNH -O-N~/NH
O
-p-N~0 -~
Typically R3 is hydrogen.
In another embodiment of the invention, R4 is selected from hydrogen, (C,-C6) alkoxy, halogen or nitro such as hydrogen, methoxy, chlorine, bromine and nitro, or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-O-NNH -O-NNH
O
-p- N0 -u - N~~
Typically R4 is hydrogen or methoxy.
In yet another embodiment R5 is selected from:
o H, (Cl-C6) alkyl, (Cl-C6) alkoxy, halogen, halo(Cl-C6)alkyl, nitro or o an amino group -NR8R9, where R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, Cl-C6 alkyl, halo(Cl-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or o a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
/--N n N z ~
wherein n is 1 or 2 and Z is oxygen or NR10, wherein Rlo is hydrogen or (Cl-C6) alkyl, or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-O-NNH -ONH
O
-~- N~~ -~- N~~
such as hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, nitro, dimethylamino, morpholino. Typically R5 is hydrogen, methyl, dimethylamino, methoxy fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethyl.
In another embodiment, R6 is selected from hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkoxy, halogen or nitro such as hydrogen, methoxy, chlorine, bromine and nitro, or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
In yet another embodiment R5 is selected from:
o H, (Cl-C6) alkyl, (Cl-C6) alkoxy, halogen, halo(Cl-C6)alkyl, nitro or o an amino group -NR8R9, where R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, Cl-C6 alkyl, halo(Cl-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or o a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
/--N n N z ~
wherein n is 1 or 2 and Z is oxygen or NR10, wherein Rlo is hydrogen or (Cl-C6) alkyl, or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-O-NNH -ONH
O
-~- N~~ -~- N~~
such as hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, nitro, dimethylamino, morpholino. Typically R5 is hydrogen, methyl, dimethylamino, methoxy fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethyl.
In another embodiment, R6 is selected from hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkoxy, halogen or nitro such as hydrogen, methoxy, chlorine, bromine and nitro, or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-C-N NH -S-N NH
p O
-p- N0 -u-Typically R6 is hydrogen or methoxy.
In one embodiment, R7 is selected from hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkoxy or halogen, such as hydrogen, methoxy, chlorine and bromine; or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-C-N NH -S-N NH
p O
-p- N0 -u-Typically R7 is hydrogen.
In another embodiment two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 may, together with the aromatic ring they are attached to, form a 5-7 membered, saturated or unsaturated ring, optionally containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, 0 or S, such as a five-membered ring containing two oxygen atoms, or a six-membered ring containing only carbon atoms.
In a further embodiment, two to five of R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are H. Typically three to four of R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are H.
In a preferred embodiment one to three of R4, R5or R6 are electron-donating substituents such as (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C1-C6) alkyl or -NR8R9, where R$ and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(C,-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, such as methoxy, methyl, ethyl , dimethylamino and morpholino.
In another embodiment two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 may, together with the aromatic ring they are attached to, form a 5 membered, saturated ring containing two oxygen atoms:
-1O>
In yet another embodiment two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, and R7 may, together with the aromatic ring they are attached to, form a 6 membered aromatic ring:
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Another aspect of the present invention is a process for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I comprising reacting a compound of Formula II:
CN
RiO / /
N
II
in which L is a leaving group selected from Cl, Br, I, OSO2CF3, and R, and R2 are as defined above; with a compound of Formula III:
H
I
N
Q
/
either as the free base or an addition salt hereof; wherein Q, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are as defined above; either neat, or in an inert solvent or mixture of solvents, at a temperature 5 between 0 to about 200 C, optionally in the presence of a base, followed by work-up and isolation of the product of Formula I, either as its free base or as an acid addition salt hereof.
In an embodiment of the present invention the solvent used for the preparation of the 10 compounds of Formula I is toluene or mixtures of toluene with a protic solvent such as 2-propanol, preferably a 1:1 mixture of toluene and 2-propanol.
In another embodiment of the present invention the base used for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I is potassium carbonate.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention the preferred reaction temperature used for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I is 180 C.
In a further embodiment the process for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I
comprising reacting a compound of Formula II with a compound of Formula III in the presence of an alkoxide base, such as sodium tert-butoxide, and a palladium catalyst prepared in situ by mixing a palladium (II) source such as Pd(OAc)2 or Pd2(dba)3 with a bisphosphine ligand such as BINAP (i.e. 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl), in a convenient reaction solvent such as toluene, followed by heating the reaction mixture at 50-150 C for 3-12 hours, typically for 7 hours at 100 C.
Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts The present invention also comprises salts of the compounds, typically, pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Such salts include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids.
Representative examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, sulfuric, sulfamic, nitric acids and the like.
Representative examples of suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, itaconic, lactic, methanesulfonic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, methane sulfonic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, bismethylene salicylic, ethanedisulfonic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, EDTA, glycolic, p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic acids, theophylline acetic acids, as well as the 8-halotheophyllines, for example 8-bromotheophylline and the like.
Further examples of pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in Berge, S.M. et al., J.
Pharm. Scf.
1977, 66, 2, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Furthermore, the compounds of this invention may exist in unsolvated as well as in solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of this invention.
Racemic forms may be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example, by separation of diastereomeric salts thereof with an optically active acid, and liberating the optically active amine compound by treatment with a base.
Separation of such diastereomeric salts can be achieved, e.g. by fractional crystallization.
The optically active acids suitable for this purpose may include, but are not limited to d-or 1-tartaric, mandelic or camphorsulfonic acids. Another method for resolving racemates into the optical antipodes is based upon chromatography on an optically active matrix.
The compounds of the present invention may also be resolved by the formation and separation, e.g. chromatographic separation, of diastereomeric derivatives from chiral derivatizing reagents, such as a chiral alkylating or acylating reagents, followed by cleavage of the chiral auxiliary.
Additional methods for the resolution of optical isomers, known to those skilled in the art, may be used. Such methods include those discussed by J. Jaques, A. Collet and S. Wilen in Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1981.
Optically active compounds were also be prepared from optically active starting materials.
Pharmaceutical compositions The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical com-position comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one of the specific compounds disclosed in the Experimental Section and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
The compounds of the invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients, in either single or multiple doses. The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents as well as any other known adjuvants and excipients in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19`h Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1995.
The pharmaceutical compositions may be specifically formulated for administration by any suitable route such as oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous and intradermal) routes.
It will be appreciated that the route will depend on the general condition and age of the subject to be treated, the nature of the condition to be treated and the active ingredient.
Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration include solid dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, dragees, pills, lozenges, powders and granules. Where appropriate, the compositions may be prepared with coatings such as enteric coatings or they may be formulated so as to provide controlled release of the active ingredient such as sustained or prolonged release according to methods well known in the art. Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and nonaqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as sterile powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use.
Other suitable administration forms include, but are not limited to, suppositories, sprays, ointments, creams, gels, inhalants, dermal patches and implants.
Typical oral dosages range from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day.
Typical oral dosages also range from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg body weight per day.
Typical oral dosages further range from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg body weight per day. Oral dosages are usually administered in one or more dosages, typically, one to three dosages per day. The exact dosage will depend upon the frequency and mode of administration, the sex, age, weight and general condition of the subject treated, the nature and severity of the condition treated and any concomitant diseases to be treated and other factors evident to those skilled in the art.
The formulations may also be presented in a unit dosage form by methods known to those skilled in the art. For illustrative purposes, a typical unit dosage form for oral administration may contain from about 0.01 to about 1000 mg, from about 0.05 to about 500 mg, or from about 0.5 mg to about 200 mg.
For parenteral routes such as intravenous, intrathecal, intramuscular and similar administration, typical doses are in the order of half the dose employed for oral administration.
The present invention also provides a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising admixing a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. In an embodiment of the present invention, the compound utilized in the aforementioned process is one of the specific compounds disclosed in the Experimental Section.
The compounds of this invention are generally utilized as the free substance or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. One example is an acid addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free base. When a compound of formula I
contains a free base such salts are prepared in a conventional manner by treating a solution or suspension of a free base of formula I with a molar equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid. Representative examples of suitable organic and inorganic acids are described above.
For parenteral administration, solutions of the compounds of formula I in sterile aqueous solution, aqueous propylene glycol, aqueous vitamin E or sesame or peanut oil may be employed. Such aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. The aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. The compounds of formula I may be readily incorporated into known sterile aqueous media using standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solutions and various organic solvents. Examples of solid carriers include lactose, terra alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acid and lower alkyl ethers of cellulose. Examples of liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, phospholipids, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, polyoxyethylene and water. Similarly, the carrier or diluent may include any sustained release material known in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax. The pharmaceutical compositions formed by combining the compounds of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are then readily administered in a variety of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known in the art of pharmacy.
Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, and optionally a suitable excipient. Furthermore, the orally available formulations may be in the form of a powder or granules, a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
If a solid carrier is used for oral administration, the preparation may be tabletted, placed in a hard gelatin capsule in powder or pellet form or it may be in the form of a troche or lozenge. The amount of solid carrier will vary widely but will range from about 25 mg to about 1 g per dosage unit. If a liquid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatin capsule or sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension or solution.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be prepared by conventional methods in the art. For example, tablets may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with ordinary adjuvants and/or diluents and subsequently compressing the mixture in a conventional tabletting machine prepare tablets. Examples of adjuvants or diluents comprise: corn starch, potato starch, talcum, magnesium stearate, gelatine, lactose, gums, and the like. Any other adjuvants or additives usually used for such purposes such 5 as colorings, flavorings, preservatives etc. may be used provided that they are compatible with the active ingredients.
Treatment of Disorders 10 As mentioned above, the compounds of formula I are PDE10A enzyme inhibitors and as such are useful to treat associated neurological and psychiatric disorders.
The present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder selected from a cognition disorder or movement disorder which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
This invention also provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a psychiatric disorder, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. Examples of psychiatric disorders that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type;
schizophreniform disorder; schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type; delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type; and the anxiety disorder is selected from panic disorder; agoraphobia; a specific phobia; social phobia; obsessive-compulsive disorder;
post-traumatic stress disorder; acute stress disorder; and generalized anxiety disorder.
The present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a cognition disorder, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. Examples of cognition disorders that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia;
delirium;
amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression;
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline.
This invention also provides a method of treating a movement disorder, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
Examples of movement disorders that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, Huntington's disease and dyskinesia associated with dopamine agonist therapy. This invention further provides a method of treating a movement disorder selected from Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
This invention also provides a method of treating a mood disorder, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
Examples of mood disorders and mood episodes that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, major depressive episode of the mild, moderate or severe type, a manic or mixed mood episode, a hypomanic mood episode; a depressive episode with a typical features; a depressive episode with melancholic features; a depressive episode with catatonic features; a mood episode with postpartum onset; post-stroke depression; major depressive disorder; dysthymic disorder;
minor depressive disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; post-psychotic depressive disorder of schizophrenia; a major depressive disorder superimposed on a psychotic disorder such as delusional disorder or schizophrenia; a bipolar disorder, for example bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. It is understood that a mood disorder is a psychiatric disorder.
The invention also provides the use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia; delirium; amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline, and wherein the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type; schizophreniform disorder;
schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type;
delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type.
This invention further provides a method of treating a drug addiction, for example an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction, in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of formula I effective in treating said drug addiction.
This invention also provides a method of treating a drug addiction, for example an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction, in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of formula I
effective in inhibiting PDE10.
A "drug addiction", as used herein, means an abnormal desire for a drug and is generally characterized by motivational disturbances such a compulsion to take the desired drug and episodes of intense drug craving.
The invention also provides a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders and drug addictions in mammals including humans, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia; delirium; amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline, and wherein the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type; schizophreniform disorder;
schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type;
delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type, and wherein the drug addiction is an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating a subject to reduce body fat or body weight, or to treat non-insuline demanding diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), metabolic syndrome, or glucose intolerance, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. In preferred embodiments, the subject is human, the subject is overweight or obese and the antagonist is administered orally. In another preferred embodiment, the method further comprising administering a second therapeutic agent to the subject, preferably an anti-obesity agent, e.g., rimonabant, orlistat, sibutramine, bromocriptine, ephedrine, leptin, pseudoephedrine, or peptide YY3-36, or analogs thereof.
The term "metabolic syndrome" as used herein refers to a constellation of conditions that place people at high risk for coronary artery disease. These conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and a poor lipid profile with elevated LDL ("bad") cholesterol, low HDL ("good") cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides. All of these conditions are associated with high blood insulin levels. The fundamental defect in the metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance in both adipose tissue and muscle.
The present invention will be better understood from the Experimental Section that follows. However, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific methods and results discussed therein are merely illustrative of the invention as described more fully in the claims that follow thereafter.
Experimental Section General Methods Analytical LC-MS data were obtained on a PE Sciex API 150EX instrument equipped with atmospheric pressure photo ionisation and a Shimadzu LC-8A/SLC-10A LC system.
Column: 30 X 4.6 mm Waters Symmetry C18 column with 3.5 pm particle size;
Solvent system: A = water/trifluoroacetic acid (100:0.05) and B =
water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid (5:95:0.03); Method: Linear gradient elution with 90% A to 100% B in 4 minutes and with a flow rate of 2 mL/minute. Purity was determined by integration of the UV (254 nm) and ELSD trace. The retention times (tR) are expressed in minutes.
Preparative LC-MS-purification was performed on the same instrument with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation. Column: 50 X 20 mm YMC ODS-A with 5 pm particle size;
Method: Linear gradient elution with 80% A to 100% B in 7 minutes and with a flow rate of 22.7 mL/minute. Fraction collection was performed by split-flow MS detection.
Preparation of the compounds of the invention CN
N
Q ~ R4 Compounds of the general formula I of the invention may be prepared as described in the following reaction schemes. Unless otherwise indicated, in the reaction schemes and discussion that follow, R,-R,, Q, and L are as defined above. Scheme 1 below depicts a coupling reaction between a compound of formula II and a derivative of 2-arylpiperazine, 2-arylthiomorpholine or 2-arylmorpholine of formula III, to generate the dialkoxy substituted compounds of formula I.
Scheme 1 C:::NIN + Q R4 This reaction is typically carried out in a solvent such as, for example, toluene, optionally in the presence of a carbonate base, at a temperature range of from about 0 C
to about 5 200 C. Other suitable solvents include benzene, chloroform, dioxane, ethyl acetate, 2-propanol and xylene. Alternatively, solvent mixtures such as toluene/2-propanol can be used. Preferably the reactants are heated under reflux in a solvent mixture of toluene and 2-propanol for a period of from about 2 hours to about 24 hours, optionally using a microwave oven.
The reaction depicted in Scheme 1 can also conveniently be carried out in a palladium-catalyzed fashion. Typically, a mixture of a compound of formula II, a compound of formula III and a palladium (II) source such as Pd(OAc)2 or Pd2(dba)3 is heated in a convenient solvent such as toluene in the presence of a bisphosphine ligand, such as 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl "BINAP", and an alkoxide base such as sodium tert-butoxide. The reaction mixture is stirred at 100 C for 7hr, followed by purification of the product by preparative HPLC to obtain the desired product.
The prepared compounds all display a satisfactory aqueous solubility. However, the piperazine derivatives (Formula I, Q = NH) appear in general to be significantly better soluble than the analogous morpholine- or thimorpholine derivatives (Formula I, Q = 0 or S, respectively).
Starting materials of formula II can be prepared as described in the literature e.g.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 46 1160 (1968).
Starting materials of formula III are either commercially available or can be prepared as described in the literature e.g. Wolters,R.J. et al.; J. Pharm. Sci.; 63;
1974; 1379-1382, Busch,N. et al.; Eur. J. Med. Chem. Chim. Ther.; 11; 1976; 201-207, Ruano, J.
L. et al. J.
Org. Chem.; 57; 15; 1992; 4215-4224, J. Med. Chem. 1983, 26, p 254; Ref.
Patent;
Hokuriku Pharm.; DE 2718451; 1977; Chem.Abstr.; EN; 88; 89714; Blythin et ai.
Bioorg.
Med. Cliem. Lett. 2002, 12, 3161.
General procedure for synthesis of the building blocks Starting materials of formula III
A stirred mixture of 0.03 eq of Pd(OAc)2 and 0.04 eq of 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene(dppf) in dimethylformamide was heated at 50 C for 0.25 h. After cooling, 1 eq of the 2-chloro-pyrazine, 1.1 eq of the areneboronec acid, and 1.4 eq of Et3N
were added, and the mixture was stirred at 90 C for 12 h. After cooling, the black mixture was concentrated to dryness on the evaporator, and the product was taken up in 50 mL of chloroform, washed with 25 mL of dilute NH4OH solution, and concentrated to dryness.
The residue was purified on flash chromatography to give the pure product of formula Ill.
The invention disclosed herein is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1 1. 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbon itrile N
O
N
N
H
F
2-(4-fluorophenyl)-piperazine (1.12 g; 6.2 mmol) ), 1-Chloro-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile (1.4 g; 6.2 mmol) and triethyl amine (2.59 ml) were added to a 1:1 mixture of toluene (8 ml) and 2-propanol (8 ml), corresponding to a final concentration of about 0.39 molar. The reaction mixture was heated in a microwave oven at 180 C for 15 minutes.
The solvent was removed under vacuum and the resultant solid was subjected to preparative chromatography on silicagel using a mixture of ethylacetat:methanol:triethyl amine (95:5:1) as eluent. Fractions containing the product were collected, pooled and evaporated in vacuo to give the product.
The following compounds were prepared analogously:
2. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 3. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 4. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(3-naphthalen-1-yl-piperazin-1 -yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 5. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 7. 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 8. 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 9. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 10. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoq uinoline-4-carbonitrile 11. 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-di methoxy-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 12. 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-di methoxy-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 13. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pi perazin-1-yl]-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 14. 1-[3-(2,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 15. 1-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 16. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 17. 1-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 18. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoqu inoline-4-carbonitrile 19. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(2-p-tolyl-morpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 20. 1-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 21. 1-[2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 22. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 23. (+)-6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 24. (-)-6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 25. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 26.1-[3-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 27. 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 28. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 29. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(2-phenyl-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 30.1-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 31. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-(3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 32. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 33. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 34. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-(3-naphthalen-1-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 35. 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 36. 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 37. 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 38. 6, 7-Di m eth oxy-1-[3-(6-m eth oxy-na ph th al en-2-yl )-pi perazi n-1-yl]-3-m ethyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 39. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-3-methyl-isoq uinoline-4-carbonitrile 40. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -((R)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1 -yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 41. 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 42. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 43. 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 44. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-((S)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 45. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -(4-methyl-3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1 -yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 46. 1-[3-(4-Ethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 47. 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 48. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 49. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-((S)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 50. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-[3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 51. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 52. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-( -3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 53. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 54. 1-[3-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 55. 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoqu inoline-4-carbonitrile 56. 1-[3-(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 57. 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 58. 1-[3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 59. 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 60. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pi perazin-1-yl]-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 61. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[(R)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 62. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[(S)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-pi perazin-1-yl]-isoqu inoline-4-carbonitrile 63. 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 5 64. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 65. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 66. 1-[3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-10 4-carbonitrile 67. 1-[3-(4-Isobutoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 68. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 69. 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-15 carbonitrile 70. N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide 71. (-)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide 20 72. (+)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide The following table summarizes the analytical data for the exemplified compounds Compound RETENTION Measured No. TIME PURITY UV (%) PURITY ELSD (%) M+H+
1 2,72 97,76 100 393,4 2 0,94 99,40 98,33 405,5 3 1,03 93,58 98,62 419,5 4 1,04 98,88 99,33 425,5 5 2,70 96,05 100 405,5 6 2,77 99,05 100 405,5 7 2,59 91,23 100 418,5 8 2,61 96,51 100 419,5 9 2,71 96,08 100 420,4 10 2,74 98,33 99,88 425,5 11 2,82 97,21 100 435,5 12 2,72 100 99,74 435,5 13 2,67 98,44 100 443,4 14 2,62 100 100 444,3 15 2,68 95,28 100 444,3 16 2,61 100 92,25 460,5 17 2,71 100 100 462,3 18 3,49 100 100 406,5 19 3,43 100 100 390,5 20 3,54 100 100 410,9 21 3,55 93,43 100 410,9 22 2,96 100 100 444,4 23 0,82 96,0 100 405,5 24 0,83 98,0 100 405,5 25 2,56 92,82 100 389,5 26 2,70 90,14 100 409,9 27 2,44 92,68 100 454,3 28 2,64 93,39 100 455,5 29 3,21 96,81 94,22 392,5 30 2,76 95,18 94,43 409,9 31 2,60 96,14 100 403,5 32 2,69 100 100 419,5 33 2,70 95,2 100 439,5 34 2,73 97,59 100 439,5 35 2,75 90,13 99,62 449,5 36 2,75 90,23 99,08 449,5 37 2,65 95,03 100 468,4 38 2,72 99,1 100 469,6 39 3,58 98,76 100 420,5 40 2,66 95,7 90,28 389,5 41 2,77 99,47 99,48 407,5 42 2,77 93,34 100 419,5 43 2,74 93,58 100 433,5 44 2,57 93,53 100 375,4 45 2,24 98,8 99,54 403,5 46 2,69 91,48 100 403,5 47 2,63 91,06 99,62 432,5 48 2,83 97,03 91,45 479,5 49 2,81 93,74 99,9 389,5 50 2,72 98,93 96,38 434,5 51 2,84 96,3 100 474,6 52 2,70 90,26 95,38 375,4 53 2,81 90,06 96,03 419,5 54 2,73 100 96,75 423,5 55 2,87 99,11 98,33 419,5 56 2,81 100 94,19 439,9 57 2,71 98,14 97 433,5 58 2,81 99 97,25 435,5 59 2,79 98,77 92,92 433,5 60 2,76 100 92,37 459,4 61 0,86 97 100 405,5 62 0,87 96 100 405,5 63 2,88 100 90,09 447,5 64 2,89 98,36 97,4 433,5 65 2,68 90,31 94,27 433,5 66 2,66 99,64 94,49 433,5 67 2,91 100 95,26 447,5 68 2,72 98,86 98,58 473,5 69 2,72 90,69 91,56 433,5 70 3,04 97,88 90,71 462,5 71 0,88 96,61 100 423,5 72 0,89 97,94 100 423,5 Pharmacological Testing PDE10A enzyme Active PDE10A enzyme is prepared in a number of ways for use in PDE assays (Loughney, K. et al. Gene 1999, 234, 109-117; Fujishige, K. et al. Eur J
Biochem. 1999, 266, 1118-1127 and Soderling, S. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1999, 96, 7071-7076).
PDE10A can be expressed as full-length proteins or as truncated proteins, as long as they express the catalytic domain. PDE10A can be prepared in different cell types, for example insect cells or E. coli. An example of a method to obtain catalytically active PDE10A is as follows: The catalytic domain of human PDE10A (amino acids 440-779 from the sequence with accession number NP 006652) is amplified from total human brain total RNA by standard RT-PCR and is cloned into the BamHl and Xhol sites of the pET28a vector (Novagen). Expression in coli is performed according to standard protocols. Briefly, the expression plasmids are transformed into the BL21(DE3) E. coli strain, and 50 mL
cultures inoculated with the cells allowed to grow to an OD600 of 0.4-0.6 before protein expression is induced with 0.5mM IPTG. Following induction, the cells are incubated overnight at room temperature, after which the cells are collected by centrifugation. Cells expressing PDE10A are resuspended in 12 mL (50 mM TRIS-HCI-pH8.0, 1 mM MgCl2 and protease inhibitors). The cells are lysed by sonication, and after all cells are lysed, TritonXlOO is added according to Novagen protocols. PDE10A is partially purified on Q
sepharose and the most active fractions were pooled.
PDE10A and Pde3A inhibition assay PDE10A and Pde3Aassays can for example be performed as follows: PDE10A and Pde3A assays are performed in 60 uL samples containing a fixed amount of the relevant PDE enzyme (sufficient to convert 20-25% of the cyclic nucleotide substrate), a buffer (50 mM HEPES7.6; 10mM MgC12; 0.02% Tween20), 0.1 mg/ml BSA, 225 pCi of 3H-labelled cyclic nucleotide substrate, tritium labeled cAMP to a final concentration of 5 nM and varying amounts of inhibitors. Reactions are initiated by addition of the cyclic nucleotide substrate, and reactions are allowed to proceed for one hr at room temperature before being terminated through mixing with 15 uL 8 mg/mL yttrium silicate SPA beads (Amersham). The beads are allowed to settle for one hr in the dark before the plates are counted in a Wallac 1450 Microbeta counter. The measured signal can be converted to activity relative to an uninhibited control (100 %) and IC50 values can be calculated using the Xlfit extension to EXCEL.
Results of the experiments showed that the tested compounds of the invention inhibit the PDE10A enzyme with IC50 values below 700 nM.
Compound MOL- CHEMICAL NAME 2,1334003 2,1334005 No. WEIGHT IC50 IC50 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-1 392,4 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 80 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(3-methoxy-2 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 320 280 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(3-methoxy-3 418,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-3-methyl- 240 360 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -(3-naphthalen-1 -yl-4 424,5 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 78 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 54 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(2-methoxy-6 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4- 420 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-7 417,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 76 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-8 418,5 yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 81 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-9 419,4 piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 120 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-10 424,5 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 73 carbonitrile 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-11 434,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 41 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-12 434,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 42 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-13 442,4 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 160 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-14 443,3 yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 650 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-15 443,3 yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 520 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-16 459,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 76 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,4-Dich loro-5-fluoro-phenyl)-17 461,3 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 1000 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[2-(4-methoxy-18 405,5 phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 97 carbonitrile 19 389,5 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(2-p-tolyl-morpholin- 580 490 4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-20 409,9 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 800 carbonitrile 1-[2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-21 409,9 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 530 carbonitrile 6 , 7- D i m eth oxy-1-[2-(4-t rifl u o ro m et h y l-22 443,4 phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 1600 carbonitrile (+)-6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(3-methoxy-23 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 1300 carbonitrile (-)-6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(3-methoxy-24 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 27 carbonitrile 25 388,5 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1- 300 540 yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-26 408,9 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 390 330 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-27 453,3 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 510 720 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(6-methoxy-28 454,5 naphthalen-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 330 680 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -(2-phenyl-29 391,5 thiomorpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 2500 3300 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-30 408,9 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 700 620 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -(3-p-tolyl-31 402,5 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 1000 600 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-32 418,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl- 290 310 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -(3-33 438,5 naphthalen-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)- 2100 2300 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -(3-34 438,5 naphthalen-1 -yl-piperazin-1 -yl)- 880 1200 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-35 448,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 710 600 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-36 448,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 960 1200 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-37 467,4 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4- 2600 2700 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(6-methoxy-38 468,6 naphthalen-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3- 980 1300 methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[2-(4-methoxy-39 419,5 phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-3-methyl- 930 1900 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -((R)-3-40 388,5 phenyl-piperazin-l-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 520 650 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-41 406,5 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4- 1200 1100 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(2-methoxy-42 418,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl- 1400 1300 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-43 432,5 yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 510 350 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -((S)-3-phenyl-44 374,4 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 410 280 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -(4-methyl-3-p-tolyl-45 402,5 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 350 900 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Ethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-46 402,5 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 1300 480 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-47 431,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 1200 2000 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(3,4,5-48 478,5 trimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 1500 1300 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -((S)-3-49 388,5 phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 460 220 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -[3-(3-nitro-433,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 1100 1300 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -[3-(4-51 473,6 morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 1500 1800 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-((D-3-phenyl-52 374,4 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 210 370 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-2-53 418,5 methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 500 630 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-54 422,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 36 85 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-418,5 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 200 280 carbonitrile 1-[3-(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-56 438,9 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 81 160 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-57 432,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 530 440 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-58 434,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 850 390 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-59 432,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 650 870 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-60 458,4 trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1- 2300 2900 yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[(R)-3-(4-methoxy-61 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 1200 1700 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[(S)-3-(4-methoxy-62 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 47 81 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-63 446,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 870 1000 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-2,6-64 432,5 dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 2100 1700 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-3,5-65 432,5 dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 1700 1700 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-66 432,5 yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 130 110 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Isobutoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-67 446,5 yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 1100 1700 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-3-68 472,5 trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 440 1100 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-69 432,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 790 1100 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile N-{5-[4-(4-Cya n o-6, 7-d i m et h oxy-70 461,5 isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2- 66 methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide (-)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cya n o-6, 7-d i m et h oxy-71 422,5 isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide (+)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cyan o-6, 7-d i meth oxy-72 422,5 isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide
-C-N NH -S-N NH
p O
-p- N0 -u-Typically R6 is hydrogen or methoxy.
In one embodiment, R7 is selected from hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkoxy or halogen, such as hydrogen, methoxy, chlorine and bromine; or a carboxamide or sulfonamide selected from:
O
-C-N NH -S-N NH
p O
-p- N0 -u-Typically R7 is hydrogen.
In another embodiment two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 may, together with the aromatic ring they are attached to, form a 5-7 membered, saturated or unsaturated ring, optionally containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, 0 or S, such as a five-membered ring containing two oxygen atoms, or a six-membered ring containing only carbon atoms.
In a further embodiment, two to five of R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are H. Typically three to four of R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are H.
In a preferred embodiment one to three of R4, R5or R6 are electron-donating substituents such as (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C1-C6) alkyl or -NR8R9, where R$ and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(C,-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, such as methoxy, methyl, ethyl , dimethylamino and morpholino.
In another embodiment two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 may, together with the aromatic ring they are attached to, form a 5 membered, saturated ring containing two oxygen atoms:
-1O>
In yet another embodiment two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, and R7 may, together with the aromatic ring they are attached to, form a 6 membered aromatic ring:
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Another aspect of the present invention is a process for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I comprising reacting a compound of Formula II:
CN
RiO / /
N
II
in which L is a leaving group selected from Cl, Br, I, OSO2CF3, and R, and R2 are as defined above; with a compound of Formula III:
H
I
N
Q
/
either as the free base or an addition salt hereof; wherein Q, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are as defined above; either neat, or in an inert solvent or mixture of solvents, at a temperature 5 between 0 to about 200 C, optionally in the presence of a base, followed by work-up and isolation of the product of Formula I, either as its free base or as an acid addition salt hereof.
In an embodiment of the present invention the solvent used for the preparation of the 10 compounds of Formula I is toluene or mixtures of toluene with a protic solvent such as 2-propanol, preferably a 1:1 mixture of toluene and 2-propanol.
In another embodiment of the present invention the base used for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I is potassium carbonate.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention the preferred reaction temperature used for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I is 180 C.
In a further embodiment the process for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I
comprising reacting a compound of Formula II with a compound of Formula III in the presence of an alkoxide base, such as sodium tert-butoxide, and a palladium catalyst prepared in situ by mixing a palladium (II) source such as Pd(OAc)2 or Pd2(dba)3 with a bisphosphine ligand such as BINAP (i.e. 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl), in a convenient reaction solvent such as toluene, followed by heating the reaction mixture at 50-150 C for 3-12 hours, typically for 7 hours at 100 C.
Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts The present invention also comprises salts of the compounds, typically, pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Such salts include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids.
Representative examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, sulfuric, sulfamic, nitric acids and the like.
Representative examples of suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, itaconic, lactic, methanesulfonic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, methane sulfonic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, bismethylene salicylic, ethanedisulfonic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, EDTA, glycolic, p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic acids, theophylline acetic acids, as well as the 8-halotheophyllines, for example 8-bromotheophylline and the like.
Further examples of pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in Berge, S.M. et al., J.
Pharm. Scf.
1977, 66, 2, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Furthermore, the compounds of this invention may exist in unsolvated as well as in solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of this invention.
Racemic forms may be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example, by separation of diastereomeric salts thereof with an optically active acid, and liberating the optically active amine compound by treatment with a base.
Separation of such diastereomeric salts can be achieved, e.g. by fractional crystallization.
The optically active acids suitable for this purpose may include, but are not limited to d-or 1-tartaric, mandelic or camphorsulfonic acids. Another method for resolving racemates into the optical antipodes is based upon chromatography on an optically active matrix.
The compounds of the present invention may also be resolved by the formation and separation, e.g. chromatographic separation, of diastereomeric derivatives from chiral derivatizing reagents, such as a chiral alkylating or acylating reagents, followed by cleavage of the chiral auxiliary.
Additional methods for the resolution of optical isomers, known to those skilled in the art, may be used. Such methods include those discussed by J. Jaques, A. Collet and S. Wilen in Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1981.
Optically active compounds were also be prepared from optically active starting materials.
Pharmaceutical compositions The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical com-position comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one of the specific compounds disclosed in the Experimental Section and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
The compounds of the invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients, in either single or multiple doses. The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents as well as any other known adjuvants and excipients in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19`h Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1995.
The pharmaceutical compositions may be specifically formulated for administration by any suitable route such as oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous and intradermal) routes.
It will be appreciated that the route will depend on the general condition and age of the subject to be treated, the nature of the condition to be treated and the active ingredient.
Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration include solid dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, dragees, pills, lozenges, powders and granules. Where appropriate, the compositions may be prepared with coatings such as enteric coatings or they may be formulated so as to provide controlled release of the active ingredient such as sustained or prolonged release according to methods well known in the art. Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and nonaqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as sterile powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use.
Other suitable administration forms include, but are not limited to, suppositories, sprays, ointments, creams, gels, inhalants, dermal patches and implants.
Typical oral dosages range from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day.
Typical oral dosages also range from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg body weight per day.
Typical oral dosages further range from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg body weight per day. Oral dosages are usually administered in one or more dosages, typically, one to three dosages per day. The exact dosage will depend upon the frequency and mode of administration, the sex, age, weight and general condition of the subject treated, the nature and severity of the condition treated and any concomitant diseases to be treated and other factors evident to those skilled in the art.
The formulations may also be presented in a unit dosage form by methods known to those skilled in the art. For illustrative purposes, a typical unit dosage form for oral administration may contain from about 0.01 to about 1000 mg, from about 0.05 to about 500 mg, or from about 0.5 mg to about 200 mg.
For parenteral routes such as intravenous, intrathecal, intramuscular and similar administration, typical doses are in the order of half the dose employed for oral administration.
The present invention also provides a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising admixing a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. In an embodiment of the present invention, the compound utilized in the aforementioned process is one of the specific compounds disclosed in the Experimental Section.
The compounds of this invention are generally utilized as the free substance or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. One example is an acid addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free base. When a compound of formula I
contains a free base such salts are prepared in a conventional manner by treating a solution or suspension of a free base of formula I with a molar equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid. Representative examples of suitable organic and inorganic acids are described above.
For parenteral administration, solutions of the compounds of formula I in sterile aqueous solution, aqueous propylene glycol, aqueous vitamin E or sesame or peanut oil may be employed. Such aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. The aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. The compounds of formula I may be readily incorporated into known sterile aqueous media using standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solutions and various organic solvents. Examples of solid carriers include lactose, terra alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acid and lower alkyl ethers of cellulose. Examples of liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, phospholipids, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, polyoxyethylene and water. Similarly, the carrier or diluent may include any sustained release material known in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax. The pharmaceutical compositions formed by combining the compounds of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are then readily administered in a variety of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known in the art of pharmacy.
Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, and optionally a suitable excipient. Furthermore, the orally available formulations may be in the form of a powder or granules, a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
If a solid carrier is used for oral administration, the preparation may be tabletted, placed in a hard gelatin capsule in powder or pellet form or it may be in the form of a troche or lozenge. The amount of solid carrier will vary widely but will range from about 25 mg to about 1 g per dosage unit. If a liquid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatin capsule or sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension or solution.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be prepared by conventional methods in the art. For example, tablets may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with ordinary adjuvants and/or diluents and subsequently compressing the mixture in a conventional tabletting machine prepare tablets. Examples of adjuvants or diluents comprise: corn starch, potato starch, talcum, magnesium stearate, gelatine, lactose, gums, and the like. Any other adjuvants or additives usually used for such purposes such 5 as colorings, flavorings, preservatives etc. may be used provided that they are compatible with the active ingredients.
Treatment of Disorders 10 As mentioned above, the compounds of formula I are PDE10A enzyme inhibitors and as such are useful to treat associated neurological and psychiatric disorders.
The present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder selected from a cognition disorder or movement disorder which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
This invention also provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a psychiatric disorder, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. Examples of psychiatric disorders that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type;
schizophreniform disorder; schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type; delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type; and the anxiety disorder is selected from panic disorder; agoraphobia; a specific phobia; social phobia; obsessive-compulsive disorder;
post-traumatic stress disorder; acute stress disorder; and generalized anxiety disorder.
The present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a cognition disorder, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. Examples of cognition disorders that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia;
delirium;
amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression;
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline.
This invention also provides a method of treating a movement disorder, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
Examples of movement disorders that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, Huntington's disease and dyskinesia associated with dopamine agonist therapy. This invention further provides a method of treating a movement disorder selected from Parkinson's disease and restless leg syndrome, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
This invention also provides a method of treating a mood disorder, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
Examples of mood disorders and mood episodes that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, major depressive episode of the mild, moderate or severe type, a manic or mixed mood episode, a hypomanic mood episode; a depressive episode with a typical features; a depressive episode with melancholic features; a depressive episode with catatonic features; a mood episode with postpartum onset; post-stroke depression; major depressive disorder; dysthymic disorder;
minor depressive disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; post-psychotic depressive disorder of schizophrenia; a major depressive disorder superimposed on a psychotic disorder such as delusional disorder or schizophrenia; a bipolar disorder, for example bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. It is understood that a mood disorder is a psychiatric disorder.
The invention also provides the use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia; delirium; amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline, and wherein the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type; schizophreniform disorder;
schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type;
delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type.
This invention further provides a method of treating a drug addiction, for example an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction, in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of formula I effective in treating said drug addiction.
This invention also provides a method of treating a drug addiction, for example an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction, in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of formula I
effective in inhibiting PDE10.
A "drug addiction", as used herein, means an abnormal desire for a drug and is generally characterized by motivational disturbances such a compulsion to take the desired drug and episodes of intense drug craving.
The invention also provides a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders and drug addictions in mammals including humans, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia; delirium; amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline, and wherein the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type; schizophreniform disorder;
schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type;
delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type, and wherein the drug addiction is an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating a subject to reduce body fat or body weight, or to treat non-insuline demanding diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), metabolic syndrome, or glucose intolerance, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. In preferred embodiments, the subject is human, the subject is overweight or obese and the antagonist is administered orally. In another preferred embodiment, the method further comprising administering a second therapeutic agent to the subject, preferably an anti-obesity agent, e.g., rimonabant, orlistat, sibutramine, bromocriptine, ephedrine, leptin, pseudoephedrine, or peptide YY3-36, or analogs thereof.
The term "metabolic syndrome" as used herein refers to a constellation of conditions that place people at high risk for coronary artery disease. These conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and a poor lipid profile with elevated LDL ("bad") cholesterol, low HDL ("good") cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides. All of these conditions are associated with high blood insulin levels. The fundamental defect in the metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance in both adipose tissue and muscle.
The present invention will be better understood from the Experimental Section that follows. However, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific methods and results discussed therein are merely illustrative of the invention as described more fully in the claims that follow thereafter.
Experimental Section General Methods Analytical LC-MS data were obtained on a PE Sciex API 150EX instrument equipped with atmospheric pressure photo ionisation and a Shimadzu LC-8A/SLC-10A LC system.
Column: 30 X 4.6 mm Waters Symmetry C18 column with 3.5 pm particle size;
Solvent system: A = water/trifluoroacetic acid (100:0.05) and B =
water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid (5:95:0.03); Method: Linear gradient elution with 90% A to 100% B in 4 minutes and with a flow rate of 2 mL/minute. Purity was determined by integration of the UV (254 nm) and ELSD trace. The retention times (tR) are expressed in minutes.
Preparative LC-MS-purification was performed on the same instrument with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation. Column: 50 X 20 mm YMC ODS-A with 5 pm particle size;
Method: Linear gradient elution with 80% A to 100% B in 7 minutes and with a flow rate of 22.7 mL/minute. Fraction collection was performed by split-flow MS detection.
Preparation of the compounds of the invention CN
N
Q ~ R4 Compounds of the general formula I of the invention may be prepared as described in the following reaction schemes. Unless otherwise indicated, in the reaction schemes and discussion that follow, R,-R,, Q, and L are as defined above. Scheme 1 below depicts a coupling reaction between a compound of formula II and a derivative of 2-arylpiperazine, 2-arylthiomorpholine or 2-arylmorpholine of formula III, to generate the dialkoxy substituted compounds of formula I.
Scheme 1 C:::NIN + Q R4 This reaction is typically carried out in a solvent such as, for example, toluene, optionally in the presence of a carbonate base, at a temperature range of from about 0 C
to about 5 200 C. Other suitable solvents include benzene, chloroform, dioxane, ethyl acetate, 2-propanol and xylene. Alternatively, solvent mixtures such as toluene/2-propanol can be used. Preferably the reactants are heated under reflux in a solvent mixture of toluene and 2-propanol for a period of from about 2 hours to about 24 hours, optionally using a microwave oven.
The reaction depicted in Scheme 1 can also conveniently be carried out in a palladium-catalyzed fashion. Typically, a mixture of a compound of formula II, a compound of formula III and a palladium (II) source such as Pd(OAc)2 or Pd2(dba)3 is heated in a convenient solvent such as toluene in the presence of a bisphosphine ligand, such as 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl "BINAP", and an alkoxide base such as sodium tert-butoxide. The reaction mixture is stirred at 100 C for 7hr, followed by purification of the product by preparative HPLC to obtain the desired product.
The prepared compounds all display a satisfactory aqueous solubility. However, the piperazine derivatives (Formula I, Q = NH) appear in general to be significantly better soluble than the analogous morpholine- or thimorpholine derivatives (Formula I, Q = 0 or S, respectively).
Starting materials of formula II can be prepared as described in the literature e.g.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 46 1160 (1968).
Starting materials of formula III are either commercially available or can be prepared as described in the literature e.g. Wolters,R.J. et al.; J. Pharm. Sci.; 63;
1974; 1379-1382, Busch,N. et al.; Eur. J. Med. Chem. Chim. Ther.; 11; 1976; 201-207, Ruano, J.
L. et al. J.
Org. Chem.; 57; 15; 1992; 4215-4224, J. Med. Chem. 1983, 26, p 254; Ref.
Patent;
Hokuriku Pharm.; DE 2718451; 1977; Chem.Abstr.; EN; 88; 89714; Blythin et ai.
Bioorg.
Med. Cliem. Lett. 2002, 12, 3161.
General procedure for synthesis of the building blocks Starting materials of formula III
A stirred mixture of 0.03 eq of Pd(OAc)2 and 0.04 eq of 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene(dppf) in dimethylformamide was heated at 50 C for 0.25 h. After cooling, 1 eq of the 2-chloro-pyrazine, 1.1 eq of the areneboronec acid, and 1.4 eq of Et3N
were added, and the mixture was stirred at 90 C for 12 h. After cooling, the black mixture was concentrated to dryness on the evaporator, and the product was taken up in 50 mL of chloroform, washed with 25 mL of dilute NH4OH solution, and concentrated to dryness.
The residue was purified on flash chromatography to give the pure product of formula Ill.
The invention disclosed herein is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1 1. 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbon itrile N
O
N
N
H
F
2-(4-fluorophenyl)-piperazine (1.12 g; 6.2 mmol) ), 1-Chloro-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile (1.4 g; 6.2 mmol) and triethyl amine (2.59 ml) were added to a 1:1 mixture of toluene (8 ml) and 2-propanol (8 ml), corresponding to a final concentration of about 0.39 molar. The reaction mixture was heated in a microwave oven at 180 C for 15 minutes.
The solvent was removed under vacuum and the resultant solid was subjected to preparative chromatography on silicagel using a mixture of ethylacetat:methanol:triethyl amine (95:5:1) as eluent. Fractions containing the product were collected, pooled and evaporated in vacuo to give the product.
The following compounds were prepared analogously:
2. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 3. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 4. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(3-naphthalen-1-yl-piperazin-1 -yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 5. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 7. 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 8. 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 9. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 10. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoq uinoline-4-carbonitrile 11. 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-di methoxy-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 12. 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-di methoxy-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 13. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pi perazin-1-yl]-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 14. 1-[3-(2,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 15. 1-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 16. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 17. 1-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 18. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoqu inoline-4-carbonitrile 19. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(2-p-tolyl-morpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 20. 1-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 21. 1-[2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 22. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 23. (+)-6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 24. (-)-6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 25. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 26.1-[3-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 27. 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 28. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 29. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-(2-phenyl-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 30.1-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 31. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-(3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 32. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 33. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 34. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-(3-naphthalen-1-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 35. 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 36. 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 37. 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 38. 6, 7-Di m eth oxy-1-[3-(6-m eth oxy-na ph th al en-2-yl )-pi perazi n-1-yl]-3-m ethyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 39. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-3-methyl-isoq uinoline-4-carbonitrile 40. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -((R)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1 -yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 41. 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 42. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 43. 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 44. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-((S)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 45. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -(4-methyl-3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1 -yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 46. 1-[3-(4-Ethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 47. 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 48. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 49. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-((S)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 50. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-l-[3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 51. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 52. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-( -3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 53. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 54. 1-[3-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 55. 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoqu inoline-4-carbonitrile 56. 1-[3-(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 57. 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 58. 1-[3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 59. 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-carbonitrile 60. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pi perazin-1-yl]-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 61. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[(R)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 62. 6,7-Dimethoxy-l-[(S)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-pi perazin-1-yl]-isoqu inoline-4-carbonitrile 63. 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoli ne-4-carbonitrile 5 64. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 65. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 66. 1-[3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-10 4-carbonitrile 67. 1-[3-(4-Isobutoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 68. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 69. 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-15 carbonitrile 70. N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide 71. (-)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide 20 72. (+)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide The following table summarizes the analytical data for the exemplified compounds Compound RETENTION Measured No. TIME PURITY UV (%) PURITY ELSD (%) M+H+
1 2,72 97,76 100 393,4 2 0,94 99,40 98,33 405,5 3 1,03 93,58 98,62 419,5 4 1,04 98,88 99,33 425,5 5 2,70 96,05 100 405,5 6 2,77 99,05 100 405,5 7 2,59 91,23 100 418,5 8 2,61 96,51 100 419,5 9 2,71 96,08 100 420,4 10 2,74 98,33 99,88 425,5 11 2,82 97,21 100 435,5 12 2,72 100 99,74 435,5 13 2,67 98,44 100 443,4 14 2,62 100 100 444,3 15 2,68 95,28 100 444,3 16 2,61 100 92,25 460,5 17 2,71 100 100 462,3 18 3,49 100 100 406,5 19 3,43 100 100 390,5 20 3,54 100 100 410,9 21 3,55 93,43 100 410,9 22 2,96 100 100 444,4 23 0,82 96,0 100 405,5 24 0,83 98,0 100 405,5 25 2,56 92,82 100 389,5 26 2,70 90,14 100 409,9 27 2,44 92,68 100 454,3 28 2,64 93,39 100 455,5 29 3,21 96,81 94,22 392,5 30 2,76 95,18 94,43 409,9 31 2,60 96,14 100 403,5 32 2,69 100 100 419,5 33 2,70 95,2 100 439,5 34 2,73 97,59 100 439,5 35 2,75 90,13 99,62 449,5 36 2,75 90,23 99,08 449,5 37 2,65 95,03 100 468,4 38 2,72 99,1 100 469,6 39 3,58 98,76 100 420,5 40 2,66 95,7 90,28 389,5 41 2,77 99,47 99,48 407,5 42 2,77 93,34 100 419,5 43 2,74 93,58 100 433,5 44 2,57 93,53 100 375,4 45 2,24 98,8 99,54 403,5 46 2,69 91,48 100 403,5 47 2,63 91,06 99,62 432,5 48 2,83 97,03 91,45 479,5 49 2,81 93,74 99,9 389,5 50 2,72 98,93 96,38 434,5 51 2,84 96,3 100 474,6 52 2,70 90,26 95,38 375,4 53 2,81 90,06 96,03 419,5 54 2,73 100 96,75 423,5 55 2,87 99,11 98,33 419,5 56 2,81 100 94,19 439,9 57 2,71 98,14 97 433,5 58 2,81 99 97,25 435,5 59 2,79 98,77 92,92 433,5 60 2,76 100 92,37 459,4 61 0,86 97 100 405,5 62 0,87 96 100 405,5 63 2,88 100 90,09 447,5 64 2,89 98,36 97,4 433,5 65 2,68 90,31 94,27 433,5 66 2,66 99,64 94,49 433,5 67 2,91 100 95,26 447,5 68 2,72 98,86 98,58 473,5 69 2,72 90,69 91,56 433,5 70 3,04 97,88 90,71 462,5 71 0,88 96,61 100 423,5 72 0,89 97,94 100 423,5 Pharmacological Testing PDE10A enzyme Active PDE10A enzyme is prepared in a number of ways for use in PDE assays (Loughney, K. et al. Gene 1999, 234, 109-117; Fujishige, K. et al. Eur J
Biochem. 1999, 266, 1118-1127 and Soderling, S. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1999, 96, 7071-7076).
PDE10A can be expressed as full-length proteins or as truncated proteins, as long as they express the catalytic domain. PDE10A can be prepared in different cell types, for example insect cells or E. coli. An example of a method to obtain catalytically active PDE10A is as follows: The catalytic domain of human PDE10A (amino acids 440-779 from the sequence with accession number NP 006652) is amplified from total human brain total RNA by standard RT-PCR and is cloned into the BamHl and Xhol sites of the pET28a vector (Novagen). Expression in coli is performed according to standard protocols. Briefly, the expression plasmids are transformed into the BL21(DE3) E. coli strain, and 50 mL
cultures inoculated with the cells allowed to grow to an OD600 of 0.4-0.6 before protein expression is induced with 0.5mM IPTG. Following induction, the cells are incubated overnight at room temperature, after which the cells are collected by centrifugation. Cells expressing PDE10A are resuspended in 12 mL (50 mM TRIS-HCI-pH8.0, 1 mM MgCl2 and protease inhibitors). The cells are lysed by sonication, and after all cells are lysed, TritonXlOO is added according to Novagen protocols. PDE10A is partially purified on Q
sepharose and the most active fractions were pooled.
PDE10A and Pde3A inhibition assay PDE10A and Pde3Aassays can for example be performed as follows: PDE10A and Pde3A assays are performed in 60 uL samples containing a fixed amount of the relevant PDE enzyme (sufficient to convert 20-25% of the cyclic nucleotide substrate), a buffer (50 mM HEPES7.6; 10mM MgC12; 0.02% Tween20), 0.1 mg/ml BSA, 225 pCi of 3H-labelled cyclic nucleotide substrate, tritium labeled cAMP to a final concentration of 5 nM and varying amounts of inhibitors. Reactions are initiated by addition of the cyclic nucleotide substrate, and reactions are allowed to proceed for one hr at room temperature before being terminated through mixing with 15 uL 8 mg/mL yttrium silicate SPA beads (Amersham). The beads are allowed to settle for one hr in the dark before the plates are counted in a Wallac 1450 Microbeta counter. The measured signal can be converted to activity relative to an uninhibited control (100 %) and IC50 values can be calculated using the Xlfit extension to EXCEL.
Results of the experiments showed that the tested compounds of the invention inhibit the PDE10A enzyme with IC50 values below 700 nM.
Compound MOL- CHEMICAL NAME 2,1334003 2,1334005 No. WEIGHT IC50 IC50 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-1 392,4 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 80 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(3-methoxy-2 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 320 280 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(3-methoxy-3 418,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-3-methyl- 240 360 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -(3-naphthalen-1 -yl-4 424,5 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 78 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 54 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(2-methoxy-6 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1 -yl]-isoquinoline-4- 420 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-7 417,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 76 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-8 418,5 yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 81 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-9 419,4 piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 120 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-10 424,5 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 73 carbonitrile 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-11 434,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 41 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-12 434,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 42 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-13 442,4 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 160 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-14 443,3 yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 650 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-15 443,3 yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 520 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-16 459,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 76 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,4-Dich loro-5-fluoro-phenyl)-17 461,3 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 1000 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[2-(4-methoxy-18 405,5 phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 97 carbonitrile 19 389,5 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(2-p-tolyl-morpholin- 580 490 4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-20 409,9 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 800 carbonitrile 1-[2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-21 409,9 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 530 carbonitrile 6 , 7- D i m eth oxy-1-[2-(4-t rifl u o ro m et h y l-22 443,4 phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 1600 carbonitrile (+)-6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(3-methoxy-23 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 1300 carbonitrile (-)-6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(3-methoxy-24 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 27 carbonitrile 25 388,5 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1- 300 540 yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-26 408,9 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 390 330 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-27 453,3 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 510 720 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(6-methoxy-28 454,5 naphthalen-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 330 680 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -(2-phenyl-29 391,5 thiomorpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 2500 3300 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-30 408,9 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 700 620 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -(3-p-tolyl-31 402,5 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 1000 600 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-32 418,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl- 290 310 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -(3-33 438,5 naphthalen-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)- 2100 2300 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -(3-34 438,5 naphthalen-1 -yl-piperazin-1 -yl)- 880 1200 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-35 448,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 710 600 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-36 448,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 960 1200 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-37 467,4 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4- 2600 2700 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(6-methoxy-38 468,6 naphthalen-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3- 980 1300 methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[2-(4-methoxy-39 419,5 phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-3-methyl- 930 1900 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -((R)-3-40 388,5 phenyl-piperazin-l-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 520 650 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-41 406,5 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4- 1200 1100 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(2-methoxy-42 418,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl- 1400 1300 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-43 432,5 yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 510 350 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -((S)-3-phenyl-44 374,4 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 410 280 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -(4-methyl-3-p-tolyl-45 402,5 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 350 900 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Ethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-46 402,5 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 1300 480 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-47 431,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl- 1200 2000 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(3,4,5-48 478,5 trimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 1500 1300 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -((S)-3-49 388,5 phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 460 220 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -[3-(3-nitro-433,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 1100 1300 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 -[3-(4-51 473,6 morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 1500 1800 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-((D-3-phenyl-52 374,4 piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4- 210 370 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-2-53 418,5 methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 500 630 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-54 422,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 36 85 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-418,5 6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 200 280 carbonitrile 1-[3-(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-56 438,9 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 81 160 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-57 432,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 530 440 carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-58 434,5 1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 850 390 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-59 432,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 650 870 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-60 458,4 trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1- 2300 2900 yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[(R)-3-(4-methoxy-61 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 1200 1700 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[(S)-3-(4-methoxy-62 404,5 phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4- 47 81 carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-63 446,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 870 1000 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-2,6-64 432,5 dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 2100 1700 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-3,5-65 432,5 dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 1700 1700 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-66 432,5 yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 130 110 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Isobutoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-67 446,5 yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4- 1100 1700 carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1 -[3-(4-methoxy-3-68 472,5 trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]- 440 1100 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-69 432,5 piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy- 790 1100 isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile N-{5-[4-(4-Cya n o-6, 7-d i m et h oxy-70 461,5 isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2- 66 methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide (-)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cya n o-6, 7-d i m et h oxy-71 422,5 isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide (+)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cyan o-6, 7-d i meth oxy-72 422,5 isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide
Claims (23)
1. A compound having the structure I
wherein .cndot. Q is selected from NH, O or S
.cndot. R1 and R2 are independently C1-C4 alkyl .cndot. R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from:
~ H, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) alkoxy, halogen, halo(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)hydroxyalkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)hydroxycycloalkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkoxy, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyheterocycloalkyl, and (C1-C6)alkoxy-heterocycloalkyl, wherein each (C3-C8)cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl moiety may be independently substituted with from one to three (C1-C6)alkyl;
~ a-NR8R9 group, wherein R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl;
~ a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
wherein n is 1 or 2 and Z is oxygen or NR10, wherein R10 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl, or ~ a ketone, sulfone, ester, amide, sulfonic ester or sulfonamide, selected from wherein Y is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl and X is a selected from:
.cndot. a (C1-C6) alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, .cndot. -O-(C1-C6) alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, .cndot. a -NR11R12 group, where R1, and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or .cndot. a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
wherein n is 1 or 2; and W is oxygen or NR13, wherein R13 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl, or .cndot. two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 may together with the aromatic ring they are attached to form a 5-7 membered, saturated or unsaturated ring containing carbon and one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, and optionally substituted with an (C1-C6) alkoxy group. The remaining three substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, which do not take part of the ring, are independently selected as stated above.
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
wherein .cndot. Q is selected from NH, O or S
.cndot. R1 and R2 are independently C1-C4 alkyl .cndot. R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from:
~ H, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) alkoxy, halogen, halo(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)hydroxyalkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)hydroxycycloalkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkoxy, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyheterocycloalkyl, and (C1-C6)alkoxy-heterocycloalkyl, wherein each (C3-C8)cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl moiety may be independently substituted with from one to three (C1-C6)alkyl;
~ a-NR8R9 group, wherein R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl;
~ a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
wherein n is 1 or 2 and Z is oxygen or NR10, wherein R10 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl, or ~ a ketone, sulfone, ester, amide, sulfonic ester or sulfonamide, selected from wherein Y is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl and X is a selected from:
.cndot. a (C1-C6) alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, .cndot. -O-(C1-C6) alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, .cndot. a -NR11R12 group, where R1, and R12 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or .cndot. a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
wherein n is 1 or 2; and W is oxygen or NR13, wherein R13 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl, or .cndot. two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 may together with the aromatic ring they are attached to form a 5-7 membered, saturated or unsaturated ring containing carbon and one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, and optionally substituted with an (C1-C6) alkoxy group. The remaining three substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, which do not take part of the ring, are independently selected as stated above.
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R1 and R2 are independently C1-C2 alkyl.
3. The compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R3 is selected from H, (C1-C6) alkoxy or halogen.
4. The compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R4 is selected from H, (C1-C6) alkoxy, halogen or nitro.
5. The compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R5 is selected from ~ hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) alkoxy, halogen, halo(C1-C6)alkyl, nitro, or ~ a-NR8R9 group, where R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo(C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, or ~ a 6-7-membered aliphatic heterocycle:
wherein n is 1 or 2 and Z is oxygen or NR10, wherein R10 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl.
wherein n is 1 or 2 and Z is oxygen or NR10, wherein R10 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl.
6. The compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R6 is selected from H, (C1-C6) alkoxy, halogen or nitro.
7. The compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R7 is selected from H, (C1-C6) alkoxy or halogen.
8. The compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein two adjacent substituents selected from R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, together with the aromatic ring they are attached to, form a 5-7 membered, saturated or unsaturated ring, optionally containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O or S.
9. The compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein Q = NH.
10. The compound according to any one of claims 1-8 wherein Q = O.
11. The compound according to any one of claims 1-8 wherein Q = S.
12. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from 1-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-naphthalen-1-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(2,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(2-p-tolyl-morpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, (+)-6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, (-)-6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(2-phenyl-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-(3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-(3-naphthalen-1-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-((R)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-(3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-((S)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(4-methyl-3-p-tolyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Ethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-((S)-3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-(®-3-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[(R)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[(S)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Isobutoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 6,7-Dimethoxy-1-[3-(4-methoxy-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, 1-[3-(4-Ethoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile, N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide, (-)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide, (+)-N-{5-[4-(4-Cyano-6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yl)-piperazin-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-acetamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
13. A process for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I comprising reacting a compound of Formula II:
in which L is a leaving group selected from Cl, Br, I, OSO2CF3, and R1 and R2 are as defined in Claim 1; with a compound of Formula III:
either as the free base or an addition salt hereof; wherein Q, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are as defined in Claim 1; either neat, or in an inert solvent or mixture of solvents, at a temperature between 0 to about 200 °C, optionally in the presence of a base, optionally in the presence of a palladium catalyst, followed by work-up and isolation of the product of Formula I, either as its free base or as an acid addition salt hereof.
in which L is a leaving group selected from Cl, Br, I, OSO2CF3, and R1 and R2 are as defined in Claim 1; with a compound of Formula III:
either as the free base or an addition salt hereof; wherein Q, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are as defined in Claim 1; either neat, or in an inert solvent or mixture of solvents, at a temperature between 0 to about 200 °C, optionally in the presence of a base, optionally in the presence of a palladium catalyst, followed by work-up and isolation of the product of Formula I, either as its free base or as an acid addition salt hereof.
14. The process of claim 13 in which the palladium catalyst is formed in situ by mixing a palladium (II) source such as Pd(OAc)2 or Pd2(dba)3 with a bisphosphine ligand such as BINAP (2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl), in the reaction solvent.
15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
16. The use of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorder, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia;
delirium;
amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline, and the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type;
schizophreniform disorder; schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type; delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type.
delirium;
amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline, and the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type;
schizophreniform disorder; schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type; delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type.
17. A compound of any one of claims 1 to 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof for the treatment of a neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorder, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia; delirium; amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder;
and age-related cognitive decline, and the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type; schizophreniform disorder; schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type; delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type;
and age-related cognitive decline, and the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type; schizophreniform disorder; schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type; delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type;
18. A compound of any one of claims 1 to 12 for use in the treatment of a drug addiction in a mammal, including a human, such as an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction.
19. The use of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 12 for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a drug addiction in a mammal, including a human, such as an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction.
20. A compound of any one of claims 1-12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, for use as a medicament.
21. A method of treating a subject suffering from a neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claims 1-12, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, alcoholic dementia or other drug-related dementia, dementia associated with intracranial tumors or cerebral trauma, dementia associated with Huntington's disease or Parkinson's disease, or AIDS-related dementia; delirium; amnestic disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; mental retardation; a learning disorder, for example reading disorder, mathematics disorder, or a disorder of written expression; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and age-related cognitive decline, and the psychiatric disorder is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, for example of the paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, or residual type;
schizophreniform disorder; schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type; delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type.
schizophreniform disorder; schizoaffective disorder, for example of the delusional type or the depressive type; delusional disorder; substance-induced psychotic disorder, for example psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, or phencyclidine; personality disorder of the paranoid type; and personality disorder of the schizoid type.
22. A method of treating a subject suffering from a drug addiction, for example an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction, in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said subject an amount of a compound of formula I
effective in treating drug addiction.
effective in treating drug addiction.
23. A method of treating a subject suffering from a drug addiction, for example an alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine, or opiate addiction, in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said subject an amount of a compound of formula I
effective in inhibiting PDE10A.
effective in inhibiting PDE10A.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DKPA200701348 | 2007-09-19 | ||
DKPA200701348 | 2007-09-19 | ||
PCT/DK2008/050225 WO2009036766A1 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2008-09-18 | Cyanoisoquinoline |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2691474A1 true CA2691474A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
CA2691474C CA2691474C (en) | 2013-09-10 |
Family
ID=40011353
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2691474A Expired - Fee Related CA2691474C (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2008-09-18 | Cyanoisoquinoline |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2203438A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010539195A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101743239A (en) |
AR (1) | AR068466A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2691474C (en) |
CL (1) | CL2008002809A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200918519A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009036766A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7858620B2 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2010-12-28 | H. Lundbeck A/S | Cyanoisoquinoline |
TW201215607A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-04-16 | Lundbeck & Co As H | Aryl-and heteroarylamid derivatives as PDE10A enzyme inhibitor |
KR20140009372A (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2014-01-22 | 알러간, 인코포레이티드 | Substituted 6,7-dialkoxy-3-isoquinolinol derivatives as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 10 (pde10a) |
US9938269B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2018-04-10 | Abbvie Inc. | Inhibitor compounds of phosphodiesterase type 10A |
US20130116229A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-09 | Abbvie Inc. | Novel inhibitor compounds of phosphodiesterase type 10a |
US20130116241A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-09 | Abbvie Inc. | Novel inhibitor compounds of phosphodiesterase type 10a |
US9464085B2 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2016-10-11 | AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Inhibitor compounds of phosphodiesterase type 10A |
RU2015114331A (en) | 2012-09-17 | 2016-11-10 | Эббви Дойчланд Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг | NEW COMPOUNDS AS PHOSPHODESTERASE TYPE 10A INHIBITORS |
WO2014071044A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-08 | Allergan, Inc. | Substituted 6,7-dialkoxy-3-isoquinoline derivatives as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 10 (pde10a) |
US9790203B2 (en) | 2012-11-26 | 2017-10-17 | Abbvie Inc. | Inhibitor compounds of phosphodiesterase type 10A |
US9200005B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-12-01 | AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Inhibitor compounds of phosphodiesterase type 10A |
JP2016510788A (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-04-11 | アッヴィ・ドイチュラント・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー・ウント・コー・カー・ゲー | Novel inhibitor compound of phosphodiesterase type 10A |
US9200016B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2015-12-01 | Allergan, Inc. | Substituted 6, 7-dialkoxy-3-isoquinoline derivatives as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 10 (PDE 10A) |
US20210379061A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2021-12-09 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Balipodect for treating or preventing autism spectrum disorders |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006509832A (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2006-03-23 | ニューロ3デー | Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors, their preparation and use |
JP2009513494A (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2009-04-02 | ニコメッド ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Pyrrodihydroisoquinoline as a PDE10 inhibitor |
EP1651251A4 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2008-06-18 | Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corp | Methods for treating diabetes and related disorders using pde10a inhibitors |
WO2005120514A1 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-22 | Pfizer Products Inc. | Phosphodiesterase 10 inhibition as treatment for obesity-related and metabolic syndrome-related conditions |
US20060019975A1 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-26 | Pfizer Inc | Novel piperidyl derivatives of quinazoline and isoquinoline |
AU2007223801A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Amgen Inc. | Quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives as phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitors |
-
2008
- 2008-09-09 TW TW097134479A patent/TW200918519A/en unknown
- 2008-09-17 AR ARP080104039A patent/AR068466A1/en unknown
- 2008-09-18 EP EP08801401A patent/EP2203438A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-09-18 CN CN200880021250A patent/CN101743239A/en active Pending
- 2008-09-18 WO PCT/DK2008/050225 patent/WO2009036766A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-09-18 CA CA2691474A patent/CA2691474C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-18 JP JP2010525197A patent/JP2010539195A/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-09-22 CL CL2008002809A patent/CL2008002809A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CL2008002809A1 (en) | 2009-11-27 |
CN101743239A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
CA2691474C (en) | 2013-09-10 |
AR068466A1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
TW200918519A (en) | 2009-05-01 |
WO2009036766A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
JP2010539195A (en) | 2010-12-16 |
EP2203438A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2691474C (en) | Cyanoisoquinoline | |
EP2057153B1 (en) | (3-aryl-piperazin-1-yl) derivatives of 6,7-dialkoxyquinazoline, 6,7- dialkoxyphtalazine and 6,7-dialkoxyisoquinoline | |
US8841297B2 (en) | Phenylimidazole derivative as PDE10A enzyme inhibitor | |
AU2010262190B2 (en) | Novel phenylimidazole derivative as PDE10A enzyme inhibitor | |
AU2010333437B2 (en) | 2-arylimidazole derivatives as PDE10A enzyme inhibitors | |
KR101998441B1 (en) | Piperazine-substituted benzothiophene derivatives as antipsychotic agents | |
EP2513106B1 (en) | Heteroaromatic aryl triazole derivatives as pde10a enzyme inhibitors | |
KR101324329B1 (en) | Tri-substituted pyrimidine compounds and their use as pde10 inhibitors | |
KR101363091B1 (en) | Heteroaryl substituted pyridazinone derivatives | |
KR20150011838A (en) | Pyrrolopyrazone inhibitors of tankyrase | |
CN102256948A (en) | Isoquinolinone derivatives as nk3 antagonists | |
US7858620B2 (en) | Cyanoisoquinoline | |
WO2012000519A1 (en) | Aryl- and heteroarylamid derivatives as pde10a enzyme inhibitor | |
EP3810275B1 (en) | 2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine compounds |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20150918 |