CA2681272A1 - Refrigerant composition - Google Patents
Refrigerant composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2681272A1 CA2681272A1 CA002681272A CA2681272A CA2681272A1 CA 2681272 A1 CA2681272 A1 CA 2681272A1 CA 002681272 A CA002681272 A CA 002681272A CA 2681272 A CA2681272 A CA 2681272A CA 2681272 A1 CA2681272 A1 CA 2681272A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant composition
- consisting essentially
- refrigerant
- composition
- hermetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous difluoromethane Natural products FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
A refrigerant composition consists essentially of three hydrofluorocarbon components selected from HFC134a, HFC125 and HFC143a which replaces HCFC22 in new equipment.
Description
REFRIGERANT COMPOSITION
This invention relates to refrigerant compositions, particularly to refrigerant compositions which have minimal adverse effect on stratospheric ozone. The invention particularly relates to compositions which are for use in new and existing refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumping equipment. These refrigerant compositions are compatible with the new synthetic lubricants, including but not restricted to polyol ester oils and polyalkylene glycol oils.
It is well known that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as CFC12 and CFC502 and hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as HCFC22 while being energy efficient, non flammable and of low toxicity, migrate to the stratosphere where they are broken down by ultra violet light to attack the ozone layer. It is desirable to replace these Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) by non ozone depleting alternatives such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are also non flammable, efficient and of low toxicity. There are six main HFCs, namely HFC 134a, HFC32, HFC 125, HFC 143a, HFC227ea and HFC 152a, which either individually' or when blended into mixtures can replace CFCs and HCFCs. While HFC134a, HFC227ea and HFC152a can be used to replace ODS directly, HFC32, HFC143a and HFC125 are generally found in blends as replacements for ODS. HFCs do not have adequate solubility in traditional lubricants such as mineral and alkylbenzene oils so that synthetic oxygen containing lubricants have been introduced specifically in order that HFCs can be used in new equipment.
Refrigerant blends such as R404A, R507A and others have been commercialised as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs at low temperature, typically operating at around -35 C in the evaporator but their performance declines as the temperature rises so that they are not effective, for example, as replacements for ODS
in air conditioning applications. R404A and R507A have been formulated primarily to replace CFC502 at low temperatures, Refrigerant blends such as R407C, R410A and others have been commercialised as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs at medium to high temperatures, typically operating at around +5 C in the evaporator and condensing at around +35 C but their performance declines as the temperature decreases so that they are not effective, for example, as replacements for ODS in refrigeration applications such as are used in supermarkets. R407C and R410A have been formulated primarily to replace HCFC22 for air conditioning applications. R407C is a zeotrope, not an azeotrope or near azeotrope, so its application is further restricted by having a comparatively high temperature glide in the evaporator which can cause icing at the entry of the evaporator thus reducing the energy efficiency and the capacity of the system. Furthermore, R407C, being a zeotrope, is unacceptable for flooded systems where large composition shifts would occur resulting in large compression ratios and potential over-pressurisation of the condenser.
An object of this invention is to provide a refrigerant blend that can be readily used to replace R22 in new & existing equipment. It is especially important that such a blend should have an adequate refrigeration capacity. The capacity should be at least 90% of that of the fluid it is replacing, more preferably at least 95% of that of the fluid it is replacing and most preferably equal to or greater than that of the fluid it is replacing under similar operating conditions. It is an object of this invention to provide refrigerant compositions which have capacities similar to R22 across the range of applications for air conditioning & refrigeration from high to low temperatures where R22 is commonly found.
There is no HFC refrigerant blend which has been commercialised which has a safety classification of A1 according to ASHRAE Standard 34, being of low toxicity and non flammable, which can match the capacity, performance and pressures of HFCF22 across the range of applications where HCFC22 is found including refrigeration and air conditioning applications including centrifugal chillers. An object of this invention is to provide refrigerant compositions with low temperature glides of less than 2 C that match the thermodynamic performance of HCFC22 across the temperature range of applications where HCFC22 is commonly found including refrigeration and air conditioning applications operating at evaporator temperatures ranging from +5 C to -40 C.
It is known in the art that high compression ratios can result in increased energy usage and the potential for compressor damage. This invention relates to refrigerant compositions which have compression ratios which should be at least no more than 10% of that of the fluid it is replacing, more preferably no more than 5% of that of the fluid it is replacing and most preferably equal to or lower than that of the fluid it is replacing under similar operating conditions. Preferred aspects of this invention relate to refrigerant compositions which have compression ratios which are similar to R22 across the range of applications for air conditioning &
refrigeration from high to low temperatures where R22 is commonly found.
Various terms have been used in patent literature to describe refrigerant mixtures. The following definitions are taken from Standard 34 of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE);
Azeotrope: an azeotropic blend is one containing two or more refrigerants whose equilibrium vapour and liquid phase compositions are the same at a given pressure. Azeotropic blends exhibit some segregation of components at other conditions. The extent of the segregation depends on the particular azeotrope and the application.
Azeotropic temperature: the temperature at which the liquid and vapour phases of a blend have the same mole fractionation of each component at equilibrium for a specified pressure.
Near azeotrope: a zeotropic blend with a temperature glide sufficiently small that it may be disregarded without consequential error in analysis for a specific application.
Zeotrope: blends comprising multiple components of different volatilities that, when used in refrigeration cycles, change volumetric composition and saturation temperatures as they evaporate (boil) or condense at constant pressure.
Temperature glide: the absolute value of the difference between the starting and ending temperatures of a phase-change process by a refrigerant within a component of a refrigerating system, exclusive of any subcooling or superheating.
This term usually describes condensation or evaporation of a zeotrope.
According to the present invention, a refrigerant composition consists of:
a refrigerant composition suitable for air conditioning, refrigeration and heat pumping applications consisting essentially of:
This invention relates to refrigerant compositions, particularly to refrigerant compositions which have minimal adverse effect on stratospheric ozone. The invention particularly relates to compositions which are for use in new and existing refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumping equipment. These refrigerant compositions are compatible with the new synthetic lubricants, including but not restricted to polyol ester oils and polyalkylene glycol oils.
It is well known that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as CFC12 and CFC502 and hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as HCFC22 while being energy efficient, non flammable and of low toxicity, migrate to the stratosphere where they are broken down by ultra violet light to attack the ozone layer. It is desirable to replace these Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) by non ozone depleting alternatives such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are also non flammable, efficient and of low toxicity. There are six main HFCs, namely HFC 134a, HFC32, HFC 125, HFC 143a, HFC227ea and HFC 152a, which either individually' or when blended into mixtures can replace CFCs and HCFCs. While HFC134a, HFC227ea and HFC152a can be used to replace ODS directly, HFC32, HFC143a and HFC125 are generally found in blends as replacements for ODS. HFCs do not have adequate solubility in traditional lubricants such as mineral and alkylbenzene oils so that synthetic oxygen containing lubricants have been introduced specifically in order that HFCs can be used in new equipment.
Refrigerant blends such as R404A, R507A and others have been commercialised as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs at low temperature, typically operating at around -35 C in the evaporator but their performance declines as the temperature rises so that they are not effective, for example, as replacements for ODS
in air conditioning applications. R404A and R507A have been formulated primarily to replace CFC502 at low temperatures, Refrigerant blends such as R407C, R410A and others have been commercialised as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs at medium to high temperatures, typically operating at around +5 C in the evaporator and condensing at around +35 C but their performance declines as the temperature decreases so that they are not effective, for example, as replacements for ODS in refrigeration applications such as are used in supermarkets. R407C and R410A have been formulated primarily to replace HCFC22 for air conditioning applications. R407C is a zeotrope, not an azeotrope or near azeotrope, so its application is further restricted by having a comparatively high temperature glide in the evaporator which can cause icing at the entry of the evaporator thus reducing the energy efficiency and the capacity of the system. Furthermore, R407C, being a zeotrope, is unacceptable for flooded systems where large composition shifts would occur resulting in large compression ratios and potential over-pressurisation of the condenser.
An object of this invention is to provide a refrigerant blend that can be readily used to replace R22 in new & existing equipment. It is especially important that such a blend should have an adequate refrigeration capacity. The capacity should be at least 90% of that of the fluid it is replacing, more preferably at least 95% of that of the fluid it is replacing and most preferably equal to or greater than that of the fluid it is replacing under similar operating conditions. It is an object of this invention to provide refrigerant compositions which have capacities similar to R22 across the range of applications for air conditioning & refrigeration from high to low temperatures where R22 is commonly found.
There is no HFC refrigerant blend which has been commercialised which has a safety classification of A1 according to ASHRAE Standard 34, being of low toxicity and non flammable, which can match the capacity, performance and pressures of HFCF22 across the range of applications where HCFC22 is found including refrigeration and air conditioning applications including centrifugal chillers. An object of this invention is to provide refrigerant compositions with low temperature glides of less than 2 C that match the thermodynamic performance of HCFC22 across the temperature range of applications where HCFC22 is commonly found including refrigeration and air conditioning applications operating at evaporator temperatures ranging from +5 C to -40 C.
It is known in the art that high compression ratios can result in increased energy usage and the potential for compressor damage. This invention relates to refrigerant compositions which have compression ratios which should be at least no more than 10% of that of the fluid it is replacing, more preferably no more than 5% of that of the fluid it is replacing and most preferably equal to or lower than that of the fluid it is replacing under similar operating conditions. Preferred aspects of this invention relate to refrigerant compositions which have compression ratios which are similar to R22 across the range of applications for air conditioning &
refrigeration from high to low temperatures where R22 is commonly found.
Various terms have been used in patent literature to describe refrigerant mixtures. The following definitions are taken from Standard 34 of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE);
Azeotrope: an azeotropic blend is one containing two or more refrigerants whose equilibrium vapour and liquid phase compositions are the same at a given pressure. Azeotropic blends exhibit some segregation of components at other conditions. The extent of the segregation depends on the particular azeotrope and the application.
Azeotropic temperature: the temperature at which the liquid and vapour phases of a blend have the same mole fractionation of each component at equilibrium for a specified pressure.
Near azeotrope: a zeotropic blend with a temperature glide sufficiently small that it may be disregarded without consequential error in analysis for a specific application.
Zeotrope: blends comprising multiple components of different volatilities that, when used in refrigeration cycles, change volumetric composition and saturation temperatures as they evaporate (boil) or condense at constant pressure.
Temperature glide: the absolute value of the difference between the starting and ending temperatures of a phase-change process by a refrigerant within a component of a refrigerating system, exclusive of any subcooling or superheating.
This term usually describes condensation or evaporation of a zeotrope.
According to the present invention, a refrigerant composition consists of:
a refrigerant composition suitable for air conditioning, refrigeration and heat pumping applications consisting essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 65%
R143a 50 to 15%
wherein the percentages above are selected to total 100%.
A preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 60%
R143a 50 to 20%.
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 55%
R143a 50 to 25%.
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 50%
R143a 50 to 30%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 45%
R143a 50 to 35%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 65%
R143a 45 to 15%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 60%
R143a 45 to 20%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 55%
R125 40 to 65%
R143a 50 to 15%
wherein the percentages above are selected to total 100%.
A preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 60%
R143a 50 to 20%.
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 55%
R143a 50 to 25%.
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 50%
R143a 50 to 30%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 45%
R143a 50 to 35%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 65%
R143a 45 to 15%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 60%
R143a 45 to 20%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 55%
5 R143a 45 to 25%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 50%
R143a 45 to 30%
An especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 65%
R143a 20%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 60%
R143a 25%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 55%
R143a 30%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 50%
R143a 35%
A further preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 50%
R143a 45 to 30%
An especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 65%
R143a 20%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 60%
R143a 25%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 55%
R143a 30%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 50%
R143a 35%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 45%
R143a 40%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 65%
R143a 15%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 60%
R143a 20%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 55%
R143a 25%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 50%
R143a 30%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 45%
R143a 35%
R134a 15%
R125 45%
R143a 40%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 65%
R143a 15%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 60%
R143a 20%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 55%
R143a 25%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 50%
R143a 30%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 45%
R143a 35%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 40%
R143a 40%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 16%
R125 42%
R143a 42%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 17%
R125 42%
R143a 41%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 19%
R125 41%
R143a 41%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 18%
R125 41%
R143a 40%
The compositions of this iinvention consist of the components mentioned above, optionally with small amounts of impurities or additives in an amount which is not sufficient to affect the essential properties of the composition.
Preferably no additives are used.
R134a 20%
R125 40%
R143a 40%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 16%
R125 42%
R143a 42%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 17%
R125 42%
R143a 41%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 19%
R125 41%
R143a 41%
A further especially preferred composition consists essentially of:
R134a 18%
R125 41%
R143a 40%
The compositions of this iinvention consist of the components mentioned above, optionally with small amounts of impurities or additives in an amount which is not sufficient to affect the essential properties of the composition.
Preferably no additives are used.
Preferred compositions meet the criteria for safety classifications A 1 and A2 of ASHRAE Standard 34 or meet the criteria for safety classification Al of ASHRAE
Standard 34 The compositions may be used in an air conditioning unit with a synthetic oxygen- containing lubricant or may be used in a refrigeration unit with a synthetic oxygen containing lubricant.
The lubricant may be a polyol ester, a polyether or a mixture of oxygen-containing lubricants.
The compositions may be used in a hermetic or semi-hermetic refrigeration unit providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 C and about -45 C, or may be used in an open refrigeration unit driven by an external power source providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 C and about -45 C. The compositionsr may be used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic air conditioning unit providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 C and about 20 C, or may be used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic heat pump unit providing warm temperatures in a range between about 15 C and about 50 C.
The composition may also be used in an open air conditioning unit driven by an external power source providing cold temperatures in a range between about and about 20 C.
The composition may be used in an open heat pump unit driven by an external power source providing warm temperatures in a range between about 15 C and about 50 C.
These compositions preferably meet the criteria for safety classification A2 of ASHRAE Standard 34 and more preferably meet the stricter Al classification.
Preferred compositions comprise near azeotropic and zeotropic refrigerant compositions, which are non flammable under all conditions of fractionation as defined under ASHRAE Standard 34, and which can be used to replace HCFC22 in new & existing equipment across the application ranges including refrigeration and air conditioning and centrifugal chillers. These refrigerant applications are compatible with the oxygen containing synthetic lubricants including but not restricted to polyol ester, polalkylbenzene & polether oils.
Not all HFCs are non flanunable as defined under ASHRAE Standard 34.
HFC143a and HFC32 have not received a non flammable rating by ASHRAE.
Preferred embodiments of this invention relate to compositions of refrigerants which cover blends of non flammable HFCs with flammable HFCs selected so that all such compositions are non flammable during fractionation while providing similar refrigerating effects and thermodynamic performances to HCFC22.
To avoid flammability in the blend, or in a fraction generated by a leak, for example as defined by ASHRAE Standard 34, the ratio of flammable HFC to non flammable HFC should be minimised but without adversely affecting the thermodynamic performance of the composition. One of the HFC components of this invention, namely HFC 143a, has an ASHRAE safety classification of A2 which makes limitation of the amount of HFC143a used relative to the amounts of non-flammable components important to obtaining a non flammable rating of A1 for the blend.
Preferred compositions in accordance with this invention may not contain any hydrocarbon compound.
Preferred compositions provide very similar performance to HCFC22 across the evaporating temperature range commonly associated with HCFC22.
Percentages and other proportions referred to in this specification are by weight unless indicated otherwise and are selected to total 100% from within the ranges disclosed.
The invention is further described by means of examples but not in a limitative sense.
Example 1 Blends of R125, R143a and R134a were evaluated in a typical hermetic or semi-hermetic air conditioner using NIST's CYCLE D program.
COOLING DUTY DELIVERED 10 kW
Midpoint evaporating temperature 7 C
Superheating 5.0 C
Suction line pressure drop (in saturated temperature) 1.5 C
CONDENSER
Standard 34 The compositions may be used in an air conditioning unit with a synthetic oxygen- containing lubricant or may be used in a refrigeration unit with a synthetic oxygen containing lubricant.
The lubricant may be a polyol ester, a polyether or a mixture of oxygen-containing lubricants.
The compositions may be used in a hermetic or semi-hermetic refrigeration unit providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 C and about -45 C, or may be used in an open refrigeration unit driven by an external power source providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 C and about -45 C. The compositionsr may be used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic air conditioning unit providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 C and about 20 C, or may be used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic heat pump unit providing warm temperatures in a range between about 15 C and about 50 C.
The composition may also be used in an open air conditioning unit driven by an external power source providing cold temperatures in a range between about and about 20 C.
The composition may be used in an open heat pump unit driven by an external power source providing warm temperatures in a range between about 15 C and about 50 C.
These compositions preferably meet the criteria for safety classification A2 of ASHRAE Standard 34 and more preferably meet the stricter Al classification.
Preferred compositions comprise near azeotropic and zeotropic refrigerant compositions, which are non flammable under all conditions of fractionation as defined under ASHRAE Standard 34, and which can be used to replace HCFC22 in new & existing equipment across the application ranges including refrigeration and air conditioning and centrifugal chillers. These refrigerant applications are compatible with the oxygen containing synthetic lubricants including but not restricted to polyol ester, polalkylbenzene & polether oils.
Not all HFCs are non flanunable as defined under ASHRAE Standard 34.
HFC143a and HFC32 have not received a non flammable rating by ASHRAE.
Preferred embodiments of this invention relate to compositions of refrigerants which cover blends of non flammable HFCs with flammable HFCs selected so that all such compositions are non flammable during fractionation while providing similar refrigerating effects and thermodynamic performances to HCFC22.
To avoid flammability in the blend, or in a fraction generated by a leak, for example as defined by ASHRAE Standard 34, the ratio of flammable HFC to non flammable HFC should be minimised but without adversely affecting the thermodynamic performance of the composition. One of the HFC components of this invention, namely HFC 143a, has an ASHRAE safety classification of A2 which makes limitation of the amount of HFC143a used relative to the amounts of non-flammable components important to obtaining a non flammable rating of A1 for the blend.
Preferred compositions in accordance with this invention may not contain any hydrocarbon compound.
Preferred compositions provide very similar performance to HCFC22 across the evaporating temperature range commonly associated with HCFC22.
Percentages and other proportions referred to in this specification are by weight unless indicated otherwise and are selected to total 100% from within the ranges disclosed.
The invention is further described by means of examples but not in a limitative sense.
Example 1 Blends of R125, R143a and R134a were evaluated in a typical hermetic or semi-hermetic air conditioner using NIST's CYCLE D program.
COOLING DUTY DELIVERED 10 kW
Midpoint evaporating temperature 7 C
Superheating 5.0 C
Suction line pressure drop (in saturated temperature) 1.5 C
CONDENSER
10 Midpoint fluid condensing temperature 45.0 C
Subcooling 5.0 C
Discharge line pressure drop (in saturated temperature) 1.5 C
LIQUID LINE/SUCTION LINE HEAT EXCHANGER
Efficiency 0.3 COMPRESSOR
Compressor isentropic efficiency 0.7 Compressor volumetric efficiency 0.82 Motor efficiency 0.85 PARASITIC POWER
Evaporator fan 0.3 kW
Condenser fan 0.4 kW
Controls 0.1 kW
The results of analysing the performances in an air conditioning unit using these operating parameters are shown in Table 1, plus R22 for comparison.
Subcooling 5.0 C
Discharge line pressure drop (in saturated temperature) 1.5 C
LIQUID LINE/SUCTION LINE HEAT EXCHANGER
Efficiency 0.3 COMPRESSOR
Compressor isentropic efficiency 0.7 Compressor volumetric efficiency 0.82 Motor efficiency 0.85 PARASITIC POWER
Evaporator fan 0.3 kW
Condenser fan 0.4 kW
Controls 0.1 kW
The results of analysing the performances in an air conditioning unit using these operating parameters are shown in Table 1, plus R22 for comparison.
~ o O O
N M
tf) Lf) O lf) O m LO N
~ co N ~ O C6 N
~ ~ N CD N ~ N CO ce) N N. N M
ce) ~ N ~ O O
O N M v M N
Cn CO
N O O O rl.~
~ (O N N O N M
~ N O 00 M M CO M
~ O N ~ O N r M
O ~ 00 00 C~) I~ O m (0 M
N ti N CY) e-O U-) O CO C") Il O~ M (O C') (`j N
O O
O O ln lL-) Cl~
CO N O' ti N CY) ~ M O 00 0 CD o 00 tn CO O
cli co O 17 00 CO O N ~' p ti N aj =-N
co O c- O O K7 v- co N N N N
M
co 1~ co N ~ co M
~ O N M
U') (D Q) N n O
U) O lf) O M ~ N
N v IT T- O N
N c`") bA
~ ~
q O O O ~ ~ OD r d N pj N <O
...
Cq ~ ~ M a) y o ffl ~ ~ L
\ V C
M 'Kr L~ t~ ~ ~~v ~
O U N U
~ m O O ~ ~ m N ~ C
a~Ei 0 V " N c ~
~ a U
N M
tf) Lf) O lf) O m LO N
~ co N ~ O C6 N
~ ~ N CD N ~ N CO ce) N N. N M
ce) ~ N ~ O O
O N M v M N
Cn CO
N O O O rl.~
~ (O N N O N M
~ N O 00 M M CO M
~ O N ~ O N r M
O ~ 00 00 C~) I~ O m (0 M
N ti N CY) e-O U-) O CO C") Il O~ M (O C') (`j N
O O
O O ln lL-) Cl~
CO N O' ti N CY) ~ M O 00 0 CD o 00 tn CO O
cli co O 17 00 CO O N ~' p ti N aj =-N
co O c- O O K7 v- co N N N N
M
co 1~ co N ~ co M
~ O N M
U') (D Q) N n O
U) O lf) O M ~ N
N v IT T- O N
N c`") bA
~ ~
q O O O ~ ~ OD r d N pj N <O
...
Cq ~ ~ M a) y o ffl ~ ~ L
\ V C
M 'Kr L~ t~ ~ ~~v ~
O U N U
~ m O O ~ ~ m N ~ C
a~Ei 0 V " N c ~
~ a U
Example 2 Blends of R125, R143a and R134a were evaluated in a typical open compressor refrigeration unit using NIST's CYCLE D program.
COOLING DUTY DELIVERED 10 kW
EVAPORATOR
Midpoint evaporating temperature -35 C
Superheating 5.0 C
Suction line pressure drop (in saturated temperature) 1.5 C
CONDENSER
Midpoint fluid condensing temperature 35.0 C
Subcooling 5.0 C
Discharge=line pressure drop (in saturated temperature) 1.5 C
LIQUID LINE/SUCTION LINE HEAT EXCHANGER
Efficiency 0.3 COMPRESSOR
Compressor isentropic efficiency 0.7 Compressor volumetric efficiency 0.82 Motor efficiency 0.85 PARASITIC POWER
Evaporator fan 0.3 kW
Condenser fan 0.4 kW
Controls 0.1 kW
The results of analysing the performances in a refrigerator unit using these operating parameters are shown in Table 2, plus R22 for comparison.
COOLING DUTY DELIVERED 10 kW
EVAPORATOR
Midpoint evaporating temperature -35 C
Superheating 5.0 C
Suction line pressure drop (in saturated temperature) 1.5 C
CONDENSER
Midpoint fluid condensing temperature 35.0 C
Subcooling 5.0 C
Discharge=line pressure drop (in saturated temperature) 1.5 C
LIQUID LINE/SUCTION LINE HEAT EXCHANGER
Efficiency 0.3 COMPRESSOR
Compressor isentropic efficiency 0.7 Compressor volumetric efficiency 0.82 Motor efficiency 0.85 PARASITIC POWER
Evaporator fan 0.3 kW
Condenser fan 0.4 kW
Controls 0.1 kW
The results of analysing the performances in a refrigerator unit using these operating parameters are shown in Table 2, plus R22 for comparison.
N p ~ N Q~
~ ~ ~ r O O
r r r CO
~ CIO N O
r CO N ~ tO O r O r r r r M CO
O O `_ O ln r (D N ~ LC) O N N
LO
c' ) f~ uO 00 O Qi ~ N r LO N r Lf) O O N
r r r O
(0 N N O N M ~
O N
r C'r) O r r N O 00 O N r ~ O ~ N
(D N
r v-d O) O 11, 00 00 t-~ I` O N
co r r U) O r (p N r r r O tn 0) Co O r_: p N O L9 co r e- ~ O r O N r M
O O ~ O O N O
Cfl N Cp C) O r r r r CM O co m O
~ O r r ~ O (0 N
a--- r O LO
O ~ N I-r r 00 ~ pp tO N Lf) 0 (p N
00 Cp ~ O r O ~ Oj M
M r C') N
r r O
r r co Nt nj ~ O LO
ln r r O (~j r r r N
N N co (D N N 0) C?
r r ~F r u1 co r r N LO O LO O ~ r C) N 00 M
ln r O r r C'i c- r r O O O m C) ~ N co d' N t(~ (\j y r T
~ {.O `
CD E
r o o ~~ ~ C N
.~ o ~ Cff ~~ O U ~ N U
,I ~ U ~ U Qo Q "~ Q o -p o W .~ O >~ r >~ r ln ~ N C a m > o v N > > O N 0 N 0 U v N U
~ ~ ~ r O O
r r r CO
~ CIO N O
r CO N ~ tO O r O r r r r M CO
O O `_ O ln r (D N ~ LC) O N N
LO
c' ) f~ uO 00 O Qi ~ N r LO N r Lf) O O N
r r r O
(0 N N O N M ~
O N
r C'r) O r r N O 00 O N r ~ O ~ N
(D N
r v-d O) O 11, 00 00 t-~ I` O N
co r r U) O r (p N r r r O tn 0) Co O r_: p N O L9 co r e- ~ O r O N r M
O O ~ O O N O
Cfl N Cp C) O r r r r CM O co m O
~ O r r ~ O (0 N
a--- r O LO
O ~ N I-r r 00 ~ pp tO N Lf) 0 (p N
00 Cp ~ O r O ~ Oj M
M r C') N
r r O
r r co Nt nj ~ O LO
ln r r O (~j r r r N
N N co (D N N 0) C?
r r ~F r u1 co r r N LO O LO O ~ r C) N 00 M
ln r O r r C'i c- r r O O O m C) ~ N co d' N t(~ (\j y r T
~ {.O `
CD E
r o o ~~ ~ C N
.~ o ~ Cff ~~ O U ~ N U
,I ~ U ~ U Qo Q "~ Q o -p o W .~ O >~ r >~ r ln ~ N C a m > o v N > > O N 0 N 0 U v N U
Claims (39)
1. A refrigerant composition consisting essentially of R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 65%
R143a 50 to 15%
wherein the percentages of the ingredients are selected to total 100% by weight.
R125 40 to 65%
R143a 50 to 15%
wherein the percentages of the ingredients are selected to total 100% by weight.
2. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 60%
R143a 50 to 20%
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 60%
R143a 50 to 20%
3. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 2 consisting essentially of:
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 55%
R143a 50 to 25%
R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 55%
R143a 50 to 25%
4. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 3 consisting essentially of R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 50%
R143a 50 to 30%
R125 40 to 50%
R143a 50 to 30%
5. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 4 consisting essentially of R134a 10 to 20%
R125 40 to 45%
R143a 50 to 35%
R125 40 to 45%
R143a 50 to 35%
6. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 65%
R143a 45 to 15%
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 65%
R143a 45 to 15%
7. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 6 consisting essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 60%
R143a 45 to 20%
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 60%
R143a 45 to 20%
8. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 7 consisting essentially of:
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 55%.
R143a 45 to 25%
R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 55%.
R143a 45 to 25%
9. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 8 consisting essentially of R134a 15 to 20%
R125 40 to 50%
R143a 45 to 30%
R125 40 to 50%
R143a 45 to 30%
10. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 65%
R143a 20%
R134a 15%
R125 65%
R143a 20%
11. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 2 consisting essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 60%
R143a 25%
R134a 15%
R125 60%
R143a 25%
12. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 4 consisting essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 55%
R143a 30%
R134a 15%
R125 55%
R143a 30%
13. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 4 consisting essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 50%
R143a 35%
R134a 15%
R125 50%
R143a 35%
14. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 4 consisting essentially of:
R134a 15%
R125 45%
R143a 40%
R134a 15%
R125 45%
R143a 40%
15. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 consisting essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 65%
R143a 15%
R134a 20%
R125 65%
R143a 15%
16. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 2 consisting essentially of R134a 20%
R125 60%
R143a 20%
R125 60%
R143a 20%
17. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 3 consisting essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 55%
R143a 25%
R134a 20%
R125 55%
R143a 25%
18. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 9 consisting essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 50%
R143a 30%
R134a 20%
R125 50%
R143a 30%
19. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 9 consisting essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 45%
R143a 35%
R134a 20%
R125 45%
R143a 35%
20. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claims 9 consisting essentially of:
R134a 20%
R125 40%
R143a 40%
R134a 20%
R125 40%
R143a 40%
21. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claims 9 consisting essentially of:
R134a 16%
R125 42%
R143a 42%
R134a 16%
R125 42%
R143a 42%
22. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claims 9 consisting essentially of:
R134a 17%
R125 42%
R143a 41%
R134a 17%
R125 42%
R143a 41%
23. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claims 9 consisting essentially of:
R134a 19%
R125 41%
R143a 41%
R134a 19%
R125 41%
R143a 41%
24. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claims 9 consisting essentially of:
R134a 18%
R125 41%
R143a 40%
R134a 18%
R125 41%
R143a 40%
25. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1-24 which meet the criteria for safety classifications A1 and A2 of ASHRAE Standard 34
26. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1-24 which meet the, criteria for safety classification A1 of ASHRAE Standard 34
27. A refrigerant as claimed in any of claims 1 to 26 used in an air conditioning unit with a synthetic oxygen- containing lubricant.
28. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 26 used in a refrigeration unit with a synthetic oxygen containing lubricant.
29. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claims 27 and 28 in which the lubricant is a polyol ester.
30. A refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 27 or 28 in which the lubricant is a polyether.
31. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 26 used in an air conditioning unit in which the lubricant is a mixture of oxygen-containing lubricants.
32. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 26 used in a refrigeration unit in which the lubricant is a mixture of oxygen-containing lubricants.
33. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 32 used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic refrigeration unit providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 °C and about -45 °C.
34. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 32 used in an open refrigeration unit driven by an external power source providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 °C and about -45 °C.
35. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 32 used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic air conditioning unit providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 °C and about 20 °C,
36. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 32 used in an open air conditioning unit driven by an external power source providing cold temperatures in a range between about 0 °C and about 20 °C.
37. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 32 used in an hermetic or semi-hermetic heat pump unit providing warm temperatures in a range between about 15 °C and about 50 °C.
38. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 32 used in an open heat pump unit driven by an external power source providing warm temperatures in a range between about 15 °C and about 50 °C.
39. A refrigerant composition as claimed in any preceding claim, the composition not including a hydrocarbon component.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0705219.4 | 2007-03-19 | ||
GB0705219A GB2447629A (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2007-03-19 | Refrigerant composition comprising three hydrofluorocarbon components |
PCT/GB2008/000911 WO2008113984A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-03-14 | Refrigerant composition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2681272A1 true CA2681272A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
Family
ID=38008668
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002681272A Abandoned CA2681272A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-03-14 | Refrigerant composition |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2125986A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2681272A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2447629A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008113984A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7972528B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2011-07-05 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
GB0922288D0 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-02-03 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for refrigeration |
GB201505230D0 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-05-13 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Non ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerant blends |
RU2020120152A (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2021-12-29 | Рпл Холдингз Лимитед | REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS WITH LOW GWP |
IL302179A (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2023-06-01 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Thermal pump refrigerants |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2548411B2 (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1996-10-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Working fluid |
JP2792191B2 (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1998-08-27 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Coolant |
US5277834A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1994-01-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Near-azeotropic blends for use as refrigerants |
ATE135733T1 (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1996-04-15 | Du Pont | QUASI-AZEOTROPIC MIXTURES FOR USE AS REFRIGERANTS |
IL108066A0 (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1994-04-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Refrigeration working fluid compositions containing difluoroethane or pentafluoroethane |
US5910161A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1999-06-08 | Fujita; Makoto | Refrigerating apparatus |
JPH08100170A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-16 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Working fluid mixture |
JPH08313120A (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1996-11-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Three-constituent mixture refrigerant filling device and filling method |
FR2860001B1 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2008-02-15 | Arkema | COMPOSITION BASED ON HFCs (HYDROFLUOROCARBONS) AND USE THEREOF |
GB0404343D0 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2004-03-31 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Refrigerant composition |
-
2007
- 2007-03-19 GB GB0705219A patent/GB2447629A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-03-14 CA CA002681272A patent/CA2681272A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-14 WO PCT/GB2008/000911 patent/WO2008113984A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-03-14 EP EP08718751A patent/EP2125986A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2008113984A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
GB0705219D0 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
GB2447629A (en) | 2008-09-24 |
EP2125986A1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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