CA2675333A1 - Electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic flux paths - Google Patents
Electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic flux paths Download PDFInfo
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- CA2675333A1 CA2675333A1 CA 2675333 CA2675333A CA2675333A1 CA 2675333 A1 CA2675333 A1 CA 2675333A1 CA 2675333 CA2675333 CA 2675333 CA 2675333 A CA2675333 A CA 2675333A CA 2675333 A1 CA2675333 A1 CA 2675333A1
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- stator
- face
- rotor
- magnetic flux
- path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
- H02K19/22—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators
- H02K19/24—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
- H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
- H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/12—Transversal flux machines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
This Invention relates to a method of increasing the efficiency of generator which may operate as a rotating or linear electrical-mechanical driving device of the type that produces real output shaft power by a combination of using unorthodox magnetic flax paths. The efficiency is improved by providing specific components, features and characteristics of the geometry of the body of the invention together with the generated currents providing the fluxus helping to drive the rotor-shaft combination or the load carrying components in linear paths.
Description
ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DEVICE WITH UNORTHODOX MAGNETIC
FLUX PATHS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an asymmetrical, electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic path which may act as a motor or a generator. In particular, the invention relates to an improved and efficient generator/motor.
Of course, electro-mechanical devices which act as motors and generators are known. It is always important to improve upon the prior electro-mechanical devices and, in particular, to improve the efficiency of those devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to at least partially improve upon the prior art devices, including the devices disclosed in published PCT application PCT/CA93/00088, particularly by improving the efficiency of the prior art devices.
Also, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved alternative type of electro-mechanical device, namely an asymmetrical electro-mechanical device with an unorthodox magnetic path.
Accordingly, in one of its broad aspects, this invention resides in providing an asymmetrical, electro-mechanical device 10 in Fig. 1b with unorthodox magnetic path comprising:
(a) A geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means 11 in Fig. 1a comprising:
A non-continuous stator magnetic flux path extending from a first stator portion 12 to a second stator portion 13;
A stator air gap 14 extending from the second stator portion to the third stator portion; and A stator face 15 having a plurality of conductors 16 extending substantially transversely across the stator face;
(b) A rotor means 18 having a rotor face 17 and moving along a rotor movement path;
(c) A rotor/stator air gap 19 between the rotor face and the stator face when the rotor face and the stator face are adjacent each other;
(d) A continuous magnetic flux path 20 in Fig. 2 extending along at least a portion of the stator magnetic flux path, through the stator face, through the rotor/stator air gap 19, into or out of the rotor face 17, through the rotor means 18, and through at least one magnetic flux connecting means 21 which enables the magnetic flux path to be continuous;
(e) Magnetic flux generating means 21A for generating or providing, if permanent magnet, magnetic flux to pass through the continuous magnetic flux path 20;
(f) Wherein the rotor means is capable of cyclically moving relative to the stator means in a direction along a rotor movement path which is outside of the stator magnetic flux path, wherein:
(i) A first part of the rotor movement path is adjacent to the stator magnetic path, and a second part of the rotor movement path is not adjacent to the stator magnetic path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, cannot pass through the rotor face to or from the stator magnetic flux path;
(ii) Beginning at time zero in Fig. 2, as shown, until time critical, the rotor face 17 moves away from both a first portion of the stator face 15 and the stator magnetic flux path such that magnetic flux 20, except magnetic flux leakage, does not pass through the rotor face into or out of the stator magnetic flux path, then toward a second portion of the stator face, such that the rotor face is adjacent to and overlapping with the stator face such that operational magnetic flux passes through the rotor face into or out of the stator magnetic flux path in Fig. 1 b, as shown;
(iii) At time critical, the rotor face 17 in Fig. 1 b moves into a position of maximal overlap, as shown in Fig. 1 b with the stator face, and (iv) From time critical until time end of cycle as in Fig. 2, the rotor face moves along at least a portion of the stator face and adjacent to the stator face in a direction of the stator magnetic path;
(g) Wherein when the rotor face 17 and the stator face 15 move relative to and adjacent to each other an electric voltage and when the coil is closed a current having directions are developed in the plurality of conductors 16 and in 21 A;
(h) Wherein when the plurality of conductors 16 is closed or under load, the direction of the armature current reverses at time critical when the rotor face moves into a position of maximal overlap with the stator face, without the magnetic flux reversing direction and without the rotor means reversing direction; and (i) Wherein the continuous magnetic flux path is substantially planar when 10 is "crushed" into a single plane (not shown), or bi-planar, as shown in Figs. 1a, lb and 2;
(j) In a further aspect, the invention relates to a generator / motor having a non-continuous stator magnetic flux path which is planar in that it is substantially confined to one plane for easier manufacturing or for other reasons, such as available space, or bi-planar in two planes, as shown. In a still further aspect, the present invention relates to an invention wherein a plurality of stator portions can be used with a single rotor having a plurality of rotor faces.
Further aspects of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and the drawings which illustrate the invention and one of the preferred embodiments together with the operation of the invention.
FLUX PATHS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an asymmetrical, electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic path which may act as a motor or a generator. In particular, the invention relates to an improved and efficient generator/motor.
Of course, electro-mechanical devices which act as motors and generators are known. It is always important to improve upon the prior electro-mechanical devices and, in particular, to improve the efficiency of those devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to at least partially improve upon the prior art devices, including the devices disclosed in published PCT application PCT/CA93/00088, particularly by improving the efficiency of the prior art devices.
Also, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved alternative type of electro-mechanical device, namely an asymmetrical electro-mechanical device with an unorthodox magnetic path.
Accordingly, in one of its broad aspects, this invention resides in providing an asymmetrical, electro-mechanical device 10 in Fig. 1b with unorthodox magnetic path comprising:
(a) A geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means 11 in Fig. 1a comprising:
A non-continuous stator magnetic flux path extending from a first stator portion 12 to a second stator portion 13;
A stator air gap 14 extending from the second stator portion to the third stator portion; and A stator face 15 having a plurality of conductors 16 extending substantially transversely across the stator face;
(b) A rotor means 18 having a rotor face 17 and moving along a rotor movement path;
(c) A rotor/stator air gap 19 between the rotor face and the stator face when the rotor face and the stator face are adjacent each other;
(d) A continuous magnetic flux path 20 in Fig. 2 extending along at least a portion of the stator magnetic flux path, through the stator face, through the rotor/stator air gap 19, into or out of the rotor face 17, through the rotor means 18, and through at least one magnetic flux connecting means 21 which enables the magnetic flux path to be continuous;
(e) Magnetic flux generating means 21A for generating or providing, if permanent magnet, magnetic flux to pass through the continuous magnetic flux path 20;
(f) Wherein the rotor means is capable of cyclically moving relative to the stator means in a direction along a rotor movement path which is outside of the stator magnetic flux path, wherein:
(i) A first part of the rotor movement path is adjacent to the stator magnetic path, and a second part of the rotor movement path is not adjacent to the stator magnetic path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, cannot pass through the rotor face to or from the stator magnetic flux path;
(ii) Beginning at time zero in Fig. 2, as shown, until time critical, the rotor face 17 moves away from both a first portion of the stator face 15 and the stator magnetic flux path such that magnetic flux 20, except magnetic flux leakage, does not pass through the rotor face into or out of the stator magnetic flux path, then toward a second portion of the stator face, such that the rotor face is adjacent to and overlapping with the stator face such that operational magnetic flux passes through the rotor face into or out of the stator magnetic flux path in Fig. 1 b, as shown;
(iii) At time critical, the rotor face 17 in Fig. 1 b moves into a position of maximal overlap, as shown in Fig. 1 b with the stator face, and (iv) From time critical until time end of cycle as in Fig. 2, the rotor face moves along at least a portion of the stator face and adjacent to the stator face in a direction of the stator magnetic path;
(g) Wherein when the rotor face 17 and the stator face 15 move relative to and adjacent to each other an electric voltage and when the coil is closed a current having directions are developed in the plurality of conductors 16 and in 21 A;
(h) Wherein when the plurality of conductors 16 is closed or under load, the direction of the armature current reverses at time critical when the rotor face moves into a position of maximal overlap with the stator face, without the magnetic flux reversing direction and without the rotor means reversing direction; and (i) Wherein the continuous magnetic flux path is substantially planar when 10 is "crushed" into a single plane (not shown), or bi-planar, as shown in Figs. 1a, lb and 2;
(j) In a further aspect, the invention relates to a generator / motor having a non-continuous stator magnetic flux path which is planar in that it is substantially confined to one plane for easier manufacturing or for other reasons, such as available space, or bi-planar in two planes, as shown. In a still further aspect, the present invention relates to an invention wherein a plurality of stator portions can be used with a single rotor having a plurality of rotor faces.
Further aspects of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and the drawings which illustrate the invention and one of the preferred embodiments together with the operation of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS, THE GAPHS AND THE OPERATION
The drawings and gaphs illustrate the embodiments of the invention and the operation while at least one of the coils 16 or 21 A is closed:
- Figure 1 (b) is a schematic view of one embodiment of the invention with the rotor inserted, when coil means 21 A and 16 in Fig. 2 are omitted for clearer view;
- Figure 1 (a) is the same as Figure 1 (b) without the rotor, with coil means 21 A and 16 included;
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of the invention shown in Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b) showing one segment of the armature and rotor combination;
- Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b) are gaphs of the flux through air gap 19 and the generated A.C. Voltage potential in coil 21 A and/or coil 16 in Fig. 2 when the rotor 18 is rotating and 10 is excited with currents in coils 21 A and/or 16, or excited with permanent magnets inserted in 21;
- Figures 4 (a), 4 (b), 4 (c) and 4 (d) are the generated base harmonics of Voltage potential or Ugac, the alternating A.C. Voltage potential in coils 21 A and/or 16 and the respective currents in 21 A and/or in 16, when currents are pure inductive, capacitive or ohmic, respectively;
The fluxes generated by inductive, capacitive and ohmic A.C. currents for example in coil 21 A in Fig. 2 are in phase with each other, that is:
The inductive A.C current is in phase with ct flux;
The capacitive A.C current is in phase with 4) flux;
The ohmic A.C current is in phase with cD flux, in Figs. 4b, 4c, and 4d, respectively;
The rotor 18 in Fig. 2 is at time end of cycle, just before moving into time critical, that is just before moving under the stator face 15 to begin its next cycle; These timings in Figures 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 4c and 4b are denoted with zero (0), as shown;
Referring to Figures 1b, 3a, 4b, 4c and 4d, the following are apparent for those who are trained in the respective art:
That during the time intervals of the shaded areas in Figures 4b, 4c and 4d the fluxes generated by the respective currents for example in coil 21 A or 16:
(a) During time intervals shown in these Figures:
(i) Before T1/2 in Fig. 4b, helps he rotor move along its shown direction in the rotational path, and (ii) After T1/2 and before T1 in Fig. 4b, it brakes or retards the rotor to move along its shown direction in the rotational path, cancelling out the "help"
given in (i) of (a) above;
(b) Similarly to (a) above, during the same time intervals:
(i) In Fig. 4c the generated flux by current in coils 21 A or 16 cancelling the effects out: Retards the rotor before T'/2 and helps the rotor after T'/2 and before T1, (ii) In Fig. 4d the generated flux by current in coils 21 A or 16 retards the rotor both before and after T% (and retards the rotor before Tj) as shown;
Thus it retards or brakes the rotor completly;
To improve the efficiency of the presently available electro-mechanical devices or devices similar to the ones shown in Figs. 1 a, 1 b and 2, be the "planar" or "bi-planar"
in construction, the current in coils 21 A and/or 16 should generate flux to help the rotor in its movement path and direction during both before T% and T1, respectively;
It is also apparent for those trained in respective art that other preferred embodiments similar to Figs. 1a and 1b, when coil 16 is closed and coil 21 A
is left open and, in addition, when both coils 16 and 21 A are closed with appropriate combination of inductive, capacitive and/or ohmic means, these will result in advantageous results and will improve the efficiency of currently available electro-mechanical devices, or devices similar to the ones shown in Figs. 1a, 1b and 2. It is also apparent for those trained in the respected art that by changing the number of stator segments 12 and 13, with or without changing the rotor segment 17 in 18, with closed or open coils 16 and/or 21 A the flux pattern shown in Fig. 3a will change, due to changes in the phase and patterns of currents in 16 and /or 21 A, respectively and due to the relative position of the rotor 18 to the position of the stator segments 12 and 13; Thus, the improvements in the efficiency of the comparable electro-mechanical devices to the ones shown in Figs. 1a, 1b and 2, will change accordingly;
It is further apparent for those trained in the respective art that the magnetic flux connecting means 21 can be made from or combined with permanent magnet(s) to provide the excitation and to create the magnetic flux for the invention; As well, the functions of the stator sections 12 and 13 and the rotor 18 are interchangeable as long as at least one of them or both move or rotate; In addition the rotation of the respective stator/rotor components of the invention can be changed to linear or for other cyclical pattern to provide for the improvement in the efficiency of the electro-mechanical devices;
Figure 5 illustrates the magnetic conductivity and flux pattern through airgap during rotation of rotor 18 of one of the built and operating experimental devices shown in Figs. 1a and 1b; For illustrative purposes, conductors 21 A are fed by D.C.
current by current generator means for excitation (not shown), or the excitation is done by permanent magnets, such as a samarium-cobalt or any other permanent magnets, and conductors 16 are closed with appropriate combination of inductive, capacitive and ohmic means, where a,, a2, a3 and a4 are the consecutive positions in the cylindrical path of rotor 18, measured from the zero to end of cycle a4;
Figure 6 shows the actual response or resultant current and the Fourier base harmonic, respectively in conductors 16 and thus the additional resultant magnetic flux pattern through airgap 19; The total capacitive means, for example, in the circuit of conductors 16 are four (4) microfarad (4 mF), and Figure 7 shows the current (flux) responses and Fourier Base Harmonic under identical circumstance to Fig. 6, except here the total capacitive means in 16 are one million microfarad (106 mF), respectively;
In both Figures 6 and 7 the positions of rotor 18 are the same at: a,, a2, a3 and a4;
It is obvious for those who are trained in the respective art, that one, and only one of the additional resultant currents, in addition to the current generated by the excitation means, and thereby the created fluxes in Fig. 6 and 7 can be selected to improve the efficiency of the embodiment of or of similar embodiments to Figs. 1 a and 1 b;
This is due to the fact that in Fig. lb the rotational direction shown in the cylindrical movement of the rotor 18 is being aided both just before at the beginning of time zero (a o=00) and just before and at the beginning of the end of the cycle (a 4=900); The other selection brakes or retards the movement of rotor 18 and thus decreases the efficiency of the device;
The relative size of the "helping" component of the currents in conductors 16 (and thereby created fluxes) which drives rotor 18 (that is: the additional magnetic fluxes provided by such currents are added to the excitation fluxes) can be varied by appropriate selection and combination of the inductive, capacitive and ohmic means in such circuits/conductors without increasing the needed outside driving force, if any, which helps or is driving rotor 18; Therefore the efficiency of these electro mechanical embodiments 10 or similar embodiments can be significantly increased to predetermined upper limit, provided the mass of the iron built into the embodiment/device is appropriately increased as well;
The torque in Newton-Metre for a given built embodiment 10 equipped with fixed appropriate inductive, capacitive and ohmic means is constant; Therefore the efficiency of such devices can be further increased by increasing their rotational (or linear) speed, provided the structural design has taken this into account, and the inductive, capacitive and ohmic means in the circuits are appropriately adjusted;
Similarly to the above, two additional tested arrangements achieved similar comparable results to the foregoing; That is improved substantially the efficiency of the devices tested, as follows:
(a) When conductors 16 were left open, and conductors 21 A were closed with appropriate inductive, capacitive and ohmic means, and (b) When both conductors 16 and 21 A were closed with appropriate inductive, capacitive and ohmic means;
THE PSEUDO SYNCHRONOUS MOTORIC OPERATION AND TEST RESULTS
To make certain that the appropriately phased and timed currents with inductive, capacitive and ohmic means generated in conductors 16 and/or 21 A to improve the efficiency of the invention in actual practice, the following were first computer simulated and later carried out, using a built test Unit shown in Figs. 1a and 1b:
(a) Excitation is provided by means of currents in conductors 21 A and alternatively by permanent magnets inserted in 21, while rotor 18 is being rotated by an outside driver at 50 Hertz network frequency;
(b) Into the circuitry of conductors 16 were inserted appropriate combination of inductive capacitive and ohmic means and 16 hooked into a standard sinusoid power supply of 50 Hz frequency;
(c) It is obvious for those trained in the respective art, that rotor 18 of the embodiment / device in Figs. 1a and 1b could/should not be rotated by such current generated flux of the power source described in (b) above, even if rotor 18 is speeded up to synchronous 50 Hz speed, as there could not be synchronous rotating magnetic field present in the stator to drag or drive the rotor at synchronous rotational speed, or at any speed;
(d) Yet, after speeding up, rotor 18 started to rotate and kept rotating at synchronous rotational speed under load; The efficiency of the Unit was deliberately varied by the changing sizes of the inserted inductive, capacitive and ohmic means in the circuitry of conductors 16;.
(e) Rotor 18 in this experiment was driven by the appropriately phased current in 16 shown in Fig. 6: Both before T1/2 and before end of cycle T1, the additional generated flux generated by such current in conductor 16 drove rotor 18, thereby increasing the efficiency of the device shown in Figs. 1a and 1b without having a rotating electromagnetic field present, which is used in standard synchronous motors/generators;
(f) The fact is that the appropriately phased current used in the foregoing test made it possible, without additional extra force being employed on the rotor, to drive the device, and thus increase the efficiency of the EBM device to the upper limit determined by the built-in mass of steel and the rotational speed of the rotor of this and similar embodiments.
It is understood that the invention is not limited to a particular size of air gap 14 or particular relative phases of the stator and rotor pole positions, be they cylindrical or linear construction. Rather, the invention includes all embodiments and functional electrical mechanical equivalents where the air gap, relative phases and position could be used with the other features of the invention. Furthermore, it is understood that the invention is not limited to a particular magnitude of the magnetic fluxes created by the generator supplied currents and/or by the fluxes of permanent magnets used by the invention. Rather, the invention is broad enough to encompass embodiments where the magnitude of the magnetic fluxes created by the generator supplied currents or by the fluxes of permanent magnets vary as would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art.
It will be understood that, although various features of the invention have been described with respect to one or another of the embodiments of the invention, the various features and embodiments of the invention may be combined or used in conjunction with other features and embodiments of the invention as described and illustrated herein.
Although this disclosure has described and illustrated certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to these particular embodiments. Rather, the invention includes all embodiments, which are functional, electrical or mechanical equivalents of the specific embodiments and features that have been described and illustrated herein.
The drawings and gaphs illustrate the embodiments of the invention and the operation while at least one of the coils 16 or 21 A is closed:
- Figure 1 (b) is a schematic view of one embodiment of the invention with the rotor inserted, when coil means 21 A and 16 in Fig. 2 are omitted for clearer view;
- Figure 1 (a) is the same as Figure 1 (b) without the rotor, with coil means 21 A and 16 included;
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of the invention shown in Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b) showing one segment of the armature and rotor combination;
- Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b) are gaphs of the flux through air gap 19 and the generated A.C. Voltage potential in coil 21 A and/or coil 16 in Fig. 2 when the rotor 18 is rotating and 10 is excited with currents in coils 21 A and/or 16, or excited with permanent magnets inserted in 21;
- Figures 4 (a), 4 (b), 4 (c) and 4 (d) are the generated base harmonics of Voltage potential or Ugac, the alternating A.C. Voltage potential in coils 21 A and/or 16 and the respective currents in 21 A and/or in 16, when currents are pure inductive, capacitive or ohmic, respectively;
The fluxes generated by inductive, capacitive and ohmic A.C. currents for example in coil 21 A in Fig. 2 are in phase with each other, that is:
The inductive A.C current is in phase with ct flux;
The capacitive A.C current is in phase with 4) flux;
The ohmic A.C current is in phase with cD flux, in Figs. 4b, 4c, and 4d, respectively;
The rotor 18 in Fig. 2 is at time end of cycle, just before moving into time critical, that is just before moving under the stator face 15 to begin its next cycle; These timings in Figures 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 4c and 4b are denoted with zero (0), as shown;
Referring to Figures 1b, 3a, 4b, 4c and 4d, the following are apparent for those who are trained in the respective art:
That during the time intervals of the shaded areas in Figures 4b, 4c and 4d the fluxes generated by the respective currents for example in coil 21 A or 16:
(a) During time intervals shown in these Figures:
(i) Before T1/2 in Fig. 4b, helps he rotor move along its shown direction in the rotational path, and (ii) After T1/2 and before T1 in Fig. 4b, it brakes or retards the rotor to move along its shown direction in the rotational path, cancelling out the "help"
given in (i) of (a) above;
(b) Similarly to (a) above, during the same time intervals:
(i) In Fig. 4c the generated flux by current in coils 21 A or 16 cancelling the effects out: Retards the rotor before T'/2 and helps the rotor after T'/2 and before T1, (ii) In Fig. 4d the generated flux by current in coils 21 A or 16 retards the rotor both before and after T% (and retards the rotor before Tj) as shown;
Thus it retards or brakes the rotor completly;
To improve the efficiency of the presently available electro-mechanical devices or devices similar to the ones shown in Figs. 1 a, 1 b and 2, be the "planar" or "bi-planar"
in construction, the current in coils 21 A and/or 16 should generate flux to help the rotor in its movement path and direction during both before T% and T1, respectively;
It is also apparent for those trained in respective art that other preferred embodiments similar to Figs. 1a and 1b, when coil 16 is closed and coil 21 A
is left open and, in addition, when both coils 16 and 21 A are closed with appropriate combination of inductive, capacitive and/or ohmic means, these will result in advantageous results and will improve the efficiency of currently available electro-mechanical devices, or devices similar to the ones shown in Figs. 1a, 1b and 2. It is also apparent for those trained in the respected art that by changing the number of stator segments 12 and 13, with or without changing the rotor segment 17 in 18, with closed or open coils 16 and/or 21 A the flux pattern shown in Fig. 3a will change, due to changes in the phase and patterns of currents in 16 and /or 21 A, respectively and due to the relative position of the rotor 18 to the position of the stator segments 12 and 13; Thus, the improvements in the efficiency of the comparable electro-mechanical devices to the ones shown in Figs. 1a, 1b and 2, will change accordingly;
It is further apparent for those trained in the respective art that the magnetic flux connecting means 21 can be made from or combined with permanent magnet(s) to provide the excitation and to create the magnetic flux for the invention; As well, the functions of the stator sections 12 and 13 and the rotor 18 are interchangeable as long as at least one of them or both move or rotate; In addition the rotation of the respective stator/rotor components of the invention can be changed to linear or for other cyclical pattern to provide for the improvement in the efficiency of the electro-mechanical devices;
Figure 5 illustrates the magnetic conductivity and flux pattern through airgap during rotation of rotor 18 of one of the built and operating experimental devices shown in Figs. 1a and 1b; For illustrative purposes, conductors 21 A are fed by D.C.
current by current generator means for excitation (not shown), or the excitation is done by permanent magnets, such as a samarium-cobalt or any other permanent magnets, and conductors 16 are closed with appropriate combination of inductive, capacitive and ohmic means, where a,, a2, a3 and a4 are the consecutive positions in the cylindrical path of rotor 18, measured from the zero to end of cycle a4;
Figure 6 shows the actual response or resultant current and the Fourier base harmonic, respectively in conductors 16 and thus the additional resultant magnetic flux pattern through airgap 19; The total capacitive means, for example, in the circuit of conductors 16 are four (4) microfarad (4 mF), and Figure 7 shows the current (flux) responses and Fourier Base Harmonic under identical circumstance to Fig. 6, except here the total capacitive means in 16 are one million microfarad (106 mF), respectively;
In both Figures 6 and 7 the positions of rotor 18 are the same at: a,, a2, a3 and a4;
It is obvious for those who are trained in the respective art, that one, and only one of the additional resultant currents, in addition to the current generated by the excitation means, and thereby the created fluxes in Fig. 6 and 7 can be selected to improve the efficiency of the embodiment of or of similar embodiments to Figs. 1 a and 1 b;
This is due to the fact that in Fig. lb the rotational direction shown in the cylindrical movement of the rotor 18 is being aided both just before at the beginning of time zero (a o=00) and just before and at the beginning of the end of the cycle (a 4=900); The other selection brakes or retards the movement of rotor 18 and thus decreases the efficiency of the device;
The relative size of the "helping" component of the currents in conductors 16 (and thereby created fluxes) which drives rotor 18 (that is: the additional magnetic fluxes provided by such currents are added to the excitation fluxes) can be varied by appropriate selection and combination of the inductive, capacitive and ohmic means in such circuits/conductors without increasing the needed outside driving force, if any, which helps or is driving rotor 18; Therefore the efficiency of these electro mechanical embodiments 10 or similar embodiments can be significantly increased to predetermined upper limit, provided the mass of the iron built into the embodiment/device is appropriately increased as well;
The torque in Newton-Metre for a given built embodiment 10 equipped with fixed appropriate inductive, capacitive and ohmic means is constant; Therefore the efficiency of such devices can be further increased by increasing their rotational (or linear) speed, provided the structural design has taken this into account, and the inductive, capacitive and ohmic means in the circuits are appropriately adjusted;
Similarly to the above, two additional tested arrangements achieved similar comparable results to the foregoing; That is improved substantially the efficiency of the devices tested, as follows:
(a) When conductors 16 were left open, and conductors 21 A were closed with appropriate inductive, capacitive and ohmic means, and (b) When both conductors 16 and 21 A were closed with appropriate inductive, capacitive and ohmic means;
THE PSEUDO SYNCHRONOUS MOTORIC OPERATION AND TEST RESULTS
To make certain that the appropriately phased and timed currents with inductive, capacitive and ohmic means generated in conductors 16 and/or 21 A to improve the efficiency of the invention in actual practice, the following were first computer simulated and later carried out, using a built test Unit shown in Figs. 1a and 1b:
(a) Excitation is provided by means of currents in conductors 21 A and alternatively by permanent magnets inserted in 21, while rotor 18 is being rotated by an outside driver at 50 Hertz network frequency;
(b) Into the circuitry of conductors 16 were inserted appropriate combination of inductive capacitive and ohmic means and 16 hooked into a standard sinusoid power supply of 50 Hz frequency;
(c) It is obvious for those trained in the respective art, that rotor 18 of the embodiment / device in Figs. 1a and 1b could/should not be rotated by such current generated flux of the power source described in (b) above, even if rotor 18 is speeded up to synchronous 50 Hz speed, as there could not be synchronous rotating magnetic field present in the stator to drag or drive the rotor at synchronous rotational speed, or at any speed;
(d) Yet, after speeding up, rotor 18 started to rotate and kept rotating at synchronous rotational speed under load; The efficiency of the Unit was deliberately varied by the changing sizes of the inserted inductive, capacitive and ohmic means in the circuitry of conductors 16;.
(e) Rotor 18 in this experiment was driven by the appropriately phased current in 16 shown in Fig. 6: Both before T1/2 and before end of cycle T1, the additional generated flux generated by such current in conductor 16 drove rotor 18, thereby increasing the efficiency of the device shown in Figs. 1a and 1b without having a rotating electromagnetic field present, which is used in standard synchronous motors/generators;
(f) The fact is that the appropriately phased current used in the foregoing test made it possible, without additional extra force being employed on the rotor, to drive the device, and thus increase the efficiency of the EBM device to the upper limit determined by the built-in mass of steel and the rotational speed of the rotor of this and similar embodiments.
It is understood that the invention is not limited to a particular size of air gap 14 or particular relative phases of the stator and rotor pole positions, be they cylindrical or linear construction. Rather, the invention includes all embodiments and functional electrical mechanical equivalents where the air gap, relative phases and position could be used with the other features of the invention. Furthermore, it is understood that the invention is not limited to a particular magnitude of the magnetic fluxes created by the generator supplied currents and/or by the fluxes of permanent magnets used by the invention. Rather, the invention is broad enough to encompass embodiments where the magnitude of the magnetic fluxes created by the generator supplied currents or by the fluxes of permanent magnets vary as would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art.
It will be understood that, although various features of the invention have been described with respect to one or another of the embodiments of the invention, the various features and embodiments of the invention may be combined or used in conjunction with other features and embodiments of the invention as described and illustrated herein.
Although this disclosure has described and illustrated certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to these particular embodiments. Rather, the invention includes all embodiments, which are functional, electrical or mechanical equivalents of the specific embodiments and features that have been described and illustrated herein.
Claims (19)
1. An asymmetrical, electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic paths comprising:
(a) Geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means with unorthodox magnetic paths comprising:
.cndot. A non-continuous stator magnetic flux path to create variable magnetic conductivity extending from a first stator portion to a second stator portion;
.cndot. A stator air gap extending from the second stator portion to the first stator portion; and .cndot. A stator face having a plurality of conductors extending substantially transversely across the stator face;
(b) A rotor means having a rotor with sufficiently large surface and moving along a cylindrical or linear rotor movement path;
(c) Variable or constant rotor/stator air gap between the rotor face and the stator face when the rotor face and the stator face are adjactent each other;
(d) A continuous magnetic flux path extending along at least a portion of the stator magnetic flux path, through the stator face, through the rotor/stator air gap, into or out of the rotor face, through the rotor means, and through at least one permanent magnet or electro-magnet or combination of both, a magnetic flux connecting means which enables the magnetic flux path to be continuous;
(e) Permanent magnet or electro-magnet magnetic flux generating means for generating magnetic flux to pass through the continuous magnetic flux path;
(f) Wherein the rotor means is capable of cyclically or linearly moving relative to the stator means in a direction along a rotor movement path which is outside of the stator magnetic flux path, wherein:
(i) A first part of the rotor movement path is adjacent to the stator magnetic path, and a second part of the rotor movement path is not adjacent to the stator magnetic path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, cannot pass through the rotor face to or from the stator magnetic flux path;
(ii) Beginning at time zero until time critical, the rotor face moves away from both a first portion of the stator face and the stator magnetic flux path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, does not pass though the rotor face into or out of the stator magnetic flux path, then toward a second portion of the stator face, and then such that the rotor face is adjacent to and overlapping with the stator face such that operational magnetic flux passes through the rotor face into or out of the stator magnetic flux path;
(iii) At time critical, the rotor face move into a position of maximal overlap with the stator face; and (iv) From time critical until time end of cycle, the rotor face moves along at least a portion of the stator face and adjacent to the stator face in a direction of the stator magnetic path;
(g) Wherein when the rotor face and the stator face move relative to and adjacent to each other an electric voltage and when conductors are closed a current having directions are developed in the plurality of conductors;
(h) Wherein when the plurality of conductors is closed or under inductive and/or capacitive and/or ohmic load the direction of the current reverses at time critical when the rotor face moves into position of maximal overlap with the stator face, without the magnetic flux reversing direction and without the rotor means reversing direction; and (i) Wherein the continuous magnetic flux path is substantially planar, or biplanar;
(a) Geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means with unorthodox magnetic paths comprising:
.cndot. A non-continuous stator magnetic flux path to create variable magnetic conductivity extending from a first stator portion to a second stator portion;
.cndot. A stator air gap extending from the second stator portion to the first stator portion; and .cndot. A stator face having a plurality of conductors extending substantially transversely across the stator face;
(b) A rotor means having a rotor with sufficiently large surface and moving along a cylindrical or linear rotor movement path;
(c) Variable or constant rotor/stator air gap between the rotor face and the stator face when the rotor face and the stator face are adjactent each other;
(d) A continuous magnetic flux path extending along at least a portion of the stator magnetic flux path, through the stator face, through the rotor/stator air gap, into or out of the rotor face, through the rotor means, and through at least one permanent magnet or electro-magnet or combination of both, a magnetic flux connecting means which enables the magnetic flux path to be continuous;
(e) Permanent magnet or electro-magnet magnetic flux generating means for generating magnetic flux to pass through the continuous magnetic flux path;
(f) Wherein the rotor means is capable of cyclically or linearly moving relative to the stator means in a direction along a rotor movement path which is outside of the stator magnetic flux path, wherein:
(i) A first part of the rotor movement path is adjacent to the stator magnetic path, and a second part of the rotor movement path is not adjacent to the stator magnetic path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, cannot pass through the rotor face to or from the stator magnetic flux path;
(ii) Beginning at time zero until time critical, the rotor face moves away from both a first portion of the stator face and the stator magnetic flux path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, does not pass though the rotor face into or out of the stator magnetic flux path, then toward a second portion of the stator face, and then such that the rotor face is adjacent to and overlapping with the stator face such that operational magnetic flux passes through the rotor face into or out of the stator magnetic flux path;
(iii) At time critical, the rotor face move into a position of maximal overlap with the stator face; and (iv) From time critical until time end of cycle, the rotor face moves along at least a portion of the stator face and adjacent to the stator face in a direction of the stator magnetic path;
(g) Wherein when the rotor face and the stator face move relative to and adjacent to each other an electric voltage and when conductors are closed a current having directions are developed in the plurality of conductors;
(h) Wherein when the plurality of conductors is closed or under inductive and/or capacitive and/or ohmic load the direction of the current reverses at time critical when the rotor face moves into position of maximal overlap with the stator face, without the magnetic flux reversing direction and without the rotor means reversing direction; and (i) Wherein the continuous magnetic flux path is substantially planar, or biplanar;
2. An electro-magnetic device with unorthodox magnetic paths as defined in claim 1 wherein the at least one magnetic flux connecting means comprises a second rotor face of the rotor means, a second stator face of the stator means and a second stator/rotor air gap when the second rotor face is adjacent to the second stator face such that at least at time critical to time end of cycle magnetic flux can pass through the rotor face into the stator face and through the second stator face into the second rotor face; and Wherein the continuous magnetic flux path extends along at least a portion of the stator magnetic flux path, through the stator face, through the rotor/stator air gap, into or out of the rotor face, through the rotor means, into or out of the second rotor face, through the second rotor / stator air gap , into the second stator face and through a stator path member in a manner so as not to impede the relative movement between the rotor means and the stator means;
3. An electro-magnetic device with unorthodox magnetic paths as defined in claim 2 wherein when the rotor face is not adjacent to the stator face, the second rotor face is not adjacent to the second stator face;
4. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 3 wherein when the rotor face is adjacent to the stator face, the second rotor face is adjacent to the second stator face;
5. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 2 wherein:
(a) The geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means comprises a second non-continuous stator magnetic flux path having a second stator air gap extending from the first portion of the second stator face to the second portion of the second stator face such that the second stator magnetic flux path is outside the rotor movement path and the stator magnetic flux path and the continuous magnetic flux path extends along at least a portion of the stator magnetic flux path;
(b) The second stator face has a second plurality of conductors extending substantially transversely across the second stator face;
(i) The first part of the rotor movement path is adjacent to the stator magnetic flux path and the second stator magnetic flux path, and the second part of the rotor movement path is not adjacent to either the stator magnetic flux path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, cannot pass through the rotor face to or from the stator magnetic flux path or through the second rotor face to or from the second stator magnetic flux path;
(ii) Beginning at time zero until time critical, the second rotor face moves away from both the first portion of the second stator face and the second stator magnetic flux path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage , does not pass through the second rotor face into or out of the second stator magnetic flux path, then toward a second portion of the second stator face, and then such that the second rotor face is adjacent to and overlapping with the second stator face when the rotor face is adjacent to and overlapping with the stator face such that operational magnetic flux passes through the second rotor face into or out of the second stator magnetic flux path;
(iii) At time critical, the second rotor face moves into a position of maximal overlap with the second stator face while the rotor face is overlapping the stator face; and (iv) From time critical until time end of cycle, the second rotor face moves along at least a portion of the second stator face and adjacent to the second stator face in a direction of the second stator magnetic path while the rotor face is overlapping the stator face;
(c) Wherein when the second rotor face and the second stator face move relative to and adjacent to each other an second electric voltage and second current when conductors are closed having directions are developed in the second conductors; and (d) Wherein when the second conductors are closed or under inductive and/or capacitive and/or ohmic load, the direction of the second current reverses at time critical when the second rotor face moves into position of maximal overlap with the second stator face, without the magnetic flux reversing direction and without the rotor means reversing direction;
(a) The geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means comprises a second non-continuous stator magnetic flux path having a second stator air gap extending from the first portion of the second stator face to the second portion of the second stator face such that the second stator magnetic flux path is outside the rotor movement path and the stator magnetic flux path and the continuous magnetic flux path extends along at least a portion of the stator magnetic flux path;
(b) The second stator face has a second plurality of conductors extending substantially transversely across the second stator face;
(i) The first part of the rotor movement path is adjacent to the stator magnetic flux path and the second stator magnetic flux path, and the second part of the rotor movement path is not adjacent to either the stator magnetic flux path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, cannot pass through the rotor face to or from the stator magnetic flux path or through the second rotor face to or from the second stator magnetic flux path;
(ii) Beginning at time zero until time critical, the second rotor face moves away from both the first portion of the second stator face and the second stator magnetic flux path such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage , does not pass through the second rotor face into or out of the second stator magnetic flux path, then toward a second portion of the second stator face, and then such that the second rotor face is adjacent to and overlapping with the second stator face when the rotor face is adjacent to and overlapping with the stator face such that operational magnetic flux passes through the second rotor face into or out of the second stator magnetic flux path;
(iii) At time critical, the second rotor face moves into a position of maximal overlap with the second stator face while the rotor face is overlapping the stator face; and (iv) From time critical until time end of cycle, the second rotor face moves along at least a portion of the second stator face and adjacent to the second stator face in a direction of the second stator magnetic path while the rotor face is overlapping the stator face;
(c) Wherein when the second rotor face and the second stator face move relative to and adjacent to each other an second electric voltage and second current when conductors are closed having directions are developed in the second conductors; and (d) Wherein when the second conductors are closed or under inductive and/or capacitive and/or ohmic load, the direction of the second current reverses at time critical when the second rotor face moves into position of maximal overlap with the second stator face, without the magnetic flux reversing direction and without the rotor means reversing direction;
6. An electro-magnetic device with unorthodox magnetic paths as defined in claim 5 wherein when the rotor face is not adjacent to the stator face, the second rotor face is not adjacent to the second stator face such that magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, cannot pass through the rotor face to or from the stator magnetic flux path;
7. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 6 wherein when the rotor face is adjacent to the stator face, the second rotor face is adjacent to the second stator face such that magnetic flux can pass through the rotor face into the stator face and through the second stator face into the second rotor face;
8. An electro-magnetic device with unorthodox flux path defined in claim 7 wherein time zero, time critical and time end of cycle for the second rotor face occur substantially simultaneously as time zero, time critical and time end of cycle for the rotor face;
9. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 8 wherein the rotor face and the second rotor face are substantially interchangeable;
10. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 9 wherein the rotor means comprises a plurality of rotor faces, each of which is substantially interchangeable with the rotor face and second rotor face such that each of the plurality of rotor faces successively interact with the stator face and second stator face;
11. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 10 further comprising a plurality of geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means, each of which is substantially interchangeable with the geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means;
A plurality of stator air gaps extending from the second stator face of each stator means to the stator face of an adjacent stator means; and Wherein the plurality of stator means are oriented around the rotor means so that the plurality of rotor faces can successively interact with the stator face and second stator face of each stator means;
A plurality of stator air gaps extending from the second stator face of each stator means to the stator face of an adjacent stator means; and Wherein the plurality of stator means are oriented around the rotor means so that the plurality of rotor faces can successively interact with the stator face and second stator face of each stator means;
12. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 11 further comprising a plurality of geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means, each of which is substantially interchangeable with the geometrically-magnetically-asymmetrical stator means;
A plurality of stator air gaps extending from the second stator face of each stator means to the stator face of an adjacent stator means; and Wherein the plurality of stator means are oriented around the rotor means so that the plurality of rotor faces can successively interact with the stator face and second stator face of each stator means;
A plurality of stator air gaps extending from the second stator face of each stator means to the stator face of an adjacent stator means; and Wherein the plurality of stator means are oriented around the rotor means so that the plurality of rotor faces can successively interact with the stator face and second stator face of each stator means;
13. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 2 wherein the stator means is linear;
14. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 11 wherein the stator means is linear;
15. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 13 wherein the stator path member extends from the second portion of the stator face to the second portion of the second stator face;
16. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 14 wherein the stator path member extends from the first portion of the stator face to the second portion of the second stator face;
17. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 15 wherein the rotor means is connected to an input/output shaft located concentrically within the rotor means and the rotor means moves relative to the stator means around the input/output shaft in a circular path; Each of the plurality of rotor faces is positioned at substantially the same distance from the input/output shaft; And the length of each rotor face in the direction of the circular path is less than 1800;
18. Due to the application of and selected combination of inductive and/or capacitive and/or ohmic means in the conductors of the electro-magnetic device with unorthodox flux paths as defined in claim 17 wherein the back torque and a Lorentz force equal to B.l.i. do not create any more than a negligible net negative torque on an input/output shaft connected to either the moving rotor means or the moving stator means;
Where: "B" is magnetic flux through each rotor/stator air gap;
"l" is a length of that portion of the conductor passing across each stator face and through the rotor/stator air gap; and "i" is the electric current in each of the plurality of conductors;
Where: "B" is magnetic flux through each rotor/stator air gap;
"l" is a length of that portion of the conductor passing across each stator face and through the rotor/stator air gap; and "i" is the electric current in each of the plurality of conductors;
19. An electro-magnetic device as defined in claim 18 wherein the device is operable such that between time zero and time critical the electric current in each plurality of conductors creates a magnetic flux in each stator magnetic flux path contributing to a positive torque on the input/output shaft when the following features of the device are properly adjusted, selected and/or used:
Resistance of a load connected to each conductor;
Inductance and/or capacitance of the load;
Length from the first portion of each stator face to second portion of each stator during which the magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, does not pass through the rotor faces into or out of each stator magnetic flux paths;
Shape of the rotor face; and Length of the rotor face;
Rotational or linear speed of the rotor relative to the stator, and vica versa;
Air gap between the rotor and the stator;
Magnetic saturation of the materials used due to currents in the conductors together with the flux of permanent magnets, if used;
Eddy currents in the materials used;
The mass of materials used;
Diametre (or bore) if cylindrical apparatus used.
Resistance of a load connected to each conductor;
Inductance and/or capacitance of the load;
Length from the first portion of each stator face to second portion of each stator during which the magnetic flux, except magnetic flux leakage, does not pass through the rotor faces into or out of each stator magnetic flux paths;
Shape of the rotor face; and Length of the rotor face;
Rotational or linear speed of the rotor relative to the stator, and vica versa;
Air gap between the rotor and the stator;
Magnetic saturation of the materials used due to currents in the conductors together with the flux of permanent magnets, if used;
Eddy currents in the materials used;
The mass of materials used;
Diametre (or bore) if cylindrical apparatus used.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2675333 CA2675333A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2009-08-12 | Electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic flux paths |
| PCT/CA2010/001080 WO2011017795A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2010-07-09 | An electrical motor/generator comprising a plurality of stator assemblies arranged around the rotor and separated from each other by air gaps in the longitudinal direction |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2675333 CA2675333A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2009-08-12 | Electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic flux paths |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2675333A1 true CA2675333A1 (en) | 2011-02-12 |
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ID=43585807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2675333 Abandoned CA2675333A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2009-08-12 | Electro-mechanical device with unorthodox magnetic flux paths |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| CA (1) | CA2675333A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011017795A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102545522B (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2014-05-14 | 于斌 | Magnetic bias motor |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4885526A (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-12-05 | Electro Erg Limited | Compensation circuit for electrical generators |
| KR0130534B1 (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 1998-04-09 | 김광호 | Linear motor for a washing machine |
| CA2573089C (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2011-11-22 | Rotatek Finland Oy | A rotary electrical machine based on the principle of a linear machine |
| US7265513B2 (en) * | 2006-01-04 | 2007-09-04 | William Hughes | Variable reluctance electric power system |
-
2009
- 2009-08-12 CA CA 2675333 patent/CA2675333A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2010
- 2010-07-09 WO PCT/CA2010/001080 patent/WO2011017795A1/en active Application Filing
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| WO2011017795A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
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