CA2667780A1 - Utilization-based fuel cell monitoring and control - Google Patents

Utilization-based fuel cell monitoring and control Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2667780A1
CA2667780A1 CA002667780A CA2667780A CA2667780A1 CA 2667780 A1 CA2667780 A1 CA 2667780A1 CA 002667780 A CA002667780 A CA 002667780A CA 2667780 A CA2667780 A CA 2667780A CA 2667780 A1 CA2667780 A1 CA 2667780A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
fuel
cell stack
fuel cell
supply
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002667780A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2667780C (en
Inventor
David J. Edlund
Arne Laven
Mesa Scharf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idatech LLC
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/857,629 external-priority patent/US7842428B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/909,266 external-priority patent/US8277997B2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority claimed from CA002566357A external-priority patent/CA2566357C/en
Publication of CA2667780A1 publication Critical patent/CA2667780A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2667780C publication Critical patent/CA2667780C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574—Current
    • H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04895—Current
    • H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

An energy producing and consuming assembly includes a fuel source adapted to provide a supply fuel at a supply pressure, and a fuel cell stack including at least one fuel cell. The fuel cell stack is adapted to receive an oxidant, to receive supply fuel from the fuel source at the supply pressure, and to use at least a portion of the received supply fuel to produce electric current at a production amperage in response to an applied load. The assembly further includes a load applying device adapted to be controlled to apply a load to the fuel cell stack, and a control system adapted to detect a pressure associated with the stack, to determine a target production amperage at which the stack consumes a predetermined proportion of the supply fuel for the detected pressure, and to control operation of the fuel cell stack based on the target production amperage.

Claims (34)

1. An energy producing and consuming assembly, comprising:
a fuel source adapted to provide a supply fuel at a supply pressure;
a fuel cell stack including at least one fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell stack is adapted to receive an oxidant, to receive supply fuel from the fuel source at the supply pressure, and to use at least a portion of the received supply fuel to produce electric current at a production amperage in response to an applied load;
a load applying device adapted to be controlled to apply a load to the fuel cell stack;
and a control system adapted to detect a pressure associated with the fuel cell stack, to determine a target production amperage at which the fuel cell stack consumes a predetermined proportion of the supply fuel for the detected pressure, to control operation of the fuel cell stack based on the target production amperage.
2. The energy producing and consuming assembly of claim 1, wherein the control system is further adapted to control the production amperage by actively controlling the load applying device.
3. The energy producing and consuming assembly of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the control system is adapted to control the delivery of supply fuel to maintain the detected pressure within a predetermined range.
4. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the control system is adapted to actively control the electric current production of the fuel cell stack responsive at least in part to the detected pressure.
5. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the control system is adapted to control the delivery of the supply fuel responsive at least in part to the detected pressure.
6. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the predetermined proportion of supply fuel consumed by the fuel cell stack is in the range of 70% and 90%.
7. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the predetermined proportion of supply fuel consumed by the fuel cell stack is at least 90%.
8. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the control system is further adapted to determine a target flow of supply fuel based on the target production amperage and the detected pressure, wherein the fuel source is adapted to be controlled to produce the supply fuel from one or more feedstocks, and wherein the control system is adapted to control use of the feedstocks by the fuel source based on the target flow of supply fuel.
9. The energy producing and consuming assembly of claim 8, wherein the fuel source includes a fuel processor adapted to produce the supply fuel, and further wherein the control system is adapted to control production of the supply fuel by the fuel processor to maintain the supply pressure below a first threshold, and to control electric current production by the fuel cell stack to maintain the supply pressure above a second threshold.
10. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the fuel cell stack is adapted to discharge unused fuel intermittently.
11. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the fuel cell stack is adapted to exhaust unused fuel from an exit orifice at an exit pressure, and wherein the pressure detected by the control system includes the exit pressure.
12. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the fuel cell stack is adapted to receive the supply fuel at an inlet orifice at an inlet pressure, and wherein the pressure detected by the control system includes the inlet pressure.
13. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the pressure detected by the control system includes a pressure detected in the fuel cell stack.
14. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the load applying assembly includes at least one energy-consuming device.
15. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the load applying assembly includes at least one energy-storage device.
16. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the fuel source further includes a hydrogen storage device.
17. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the fuel source includes a fuel processor adapted to produce the supply fuel from at least one feedstock.
18. The energy producing and consuming assembly of claim 17, wherein the fuel source further includes a hydrogen storage device.
19. The energy producing and consuming assembly of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein the fuel processor is adapted to produce the supply fuel by a hydrogen-producing reforming reaction from at least a carbon-containing feedstock.
20. The energy producing and consuming assembly of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein the fuel processor is adapted to produce the supply fuel by an electrolysis reaction.
21. The energy producing and consuming assembly of any one of claims 17-20, wherein the control system is adapted to control production of the supply fuel by the fuel processor to maintain the supply pressure below a first threshold, and to control electric current production by the fuel cell stack to maintain the supply pressure above a second threshold.
22. A method of operating an energy producing and consuming assembly, comprising:
supplying a supply fuel at a supply pressure;
applying oxidant and the supply fuel to a fuel cell stack, which includes at least one fuel cell;

producing electric current with the fuel cell stack at a production amperage;

detecting a pressure at the fuel cell stack;
determining a target production amperage at which the fuel cell stack consumes a predetermined proportion of the supply fuel for the detected pressure; and controlling the operation of the fuel cell stack based on the target production amperage.
23. The method of claim 22, further comprising applying a load to the fuel cell stack, and wherein controlling the operation of the fuel cell stack includes actively controlling the load applied to the fuel cell stack.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the supplying a supply fuel includes applying one or more feedstocks to a fuel processor apparatus in a manner producing the supply fuel at a supply pressure, and further comprising controlling the operation of the fuel processor apparatus based at least in part on the target production amperage.
25. The method of any one of claims 22-24, further comprising discharging unused fuel from the fuel cell stack intermittently.
26. The method of claim 22, further comprising applying a load to the fuel cell stack, and wherein controlling the operation of the fuel cell stack includes actively controlling the current produced by the fuel cell stack.
27. The method of any one of claims 22-26, further comprising discharging unused fuel from the fuel cell stack through an exit orifice at an exit pressure, and wherein detecting a pressure at the fuel cell stack includes detecting the exit pressure.
28. The method of any one of claims 22-26, wherein the detecting a pressure at the fuel cell stack includes detecting the pressure of the supply fuel at an inlet orifice of the fuel cell stack.
29. The method of any one of claims 22-26, wherein the detecting a pressure at the fuel cell stack includes detecting the pressure of unused fuel at an exit orifice of the fuel cell stack.
30. The method of any one of claims 22-26, wherein the detecting a pressure at the fuel cell stack includes detecting the pressure of the supply fuel in the fuel cell stack.
31. The method of any one of claims 22-30, wherein the supplying a supply fuel includes producing the supply fuel from one or more feedstocks.
32. The method of any one of claims 22-31, wherein the supplying a supply fuel includes producing the supply fuel from at least a carbon-containing feedstock.
33. The method of any one of claims 22-32, wherein the supplying a supply fuel includes producing the supply fuel from at least water.
34. The method of any one of claims 22-33, further comprising controlling the production of the supply fuel in a manner adapted to maintain the supply pressure below a first threshold value, and controlling the production of electric current by the fuel cell stack in a manner adapted to maintain the supply pressure above a second threshold value that is less than the first threshold value.
CA2667780A 2004-05-28 2005-05-23 Utilization-based fuel cell monitoring and control Active CA2667780C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/857,629 US7842428B2 (en) 2004-05-28 2004-05-28 Consumption-based fuel cell monitoring and control
US10/857,629 2004-05-28
US10/909,266 US8277997B2 (en) 2004-07-29 2004-07-29 Shared variable-based fuel cell system control
US10/909,266 2004-07-29
US11/109,489 2005-04-18
US11/109,489 US7985510B2 (en) 2004-05-28 2005-04-18 Utilization-based fuel cell monitoring and control
CA002566357A CA2566357C (en) 2004-05-28 2005-05-23 Utilization-based fuel cell monitoring and control

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002566357A Division CA2566357C (en) 2004-05-28 2005-05-23 Utilization-based fuel cell monitoring and control

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2667780A1 true CA2667780A1 (en) 2005-12-15
CA2667780C CA2667780C (en) 2012-03-13

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CA2667780A Active CA2667780C (en) 2004-05-28 2005-05-23 Utilization-based fuel cell monitoring and control

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JP (1) JP4773431B2 (en)
CN (1) CN102208667B (en)
CA (1) CA2667780C (en)
TW (1) TW200603479A (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI20105377L (en) * 2010-04-12 2011-10-13 Waertsilae Finland Oy Method and device for controlling fuel supply in a fuel cell system
JP2015011940A (en) * 2013-07-02 2015-01-19 アクアフェアリー株式会社 Power generator
CN107514315A (en) * 2017-08-18 2017-12-26 广东卓梅尼技术股份有限公司 A kind of monitoring system of hydrogen hybrid powder
JP2021005534A (en) * 2019-06-27 2021-01-14 株式会社東芝 Fuel cell system and control method therefor
JP7140734B2 (en) * 2019-10-03 2022-09-21 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Methods for estimating the internal pressure of gas supply systems and gas tanks
CN115425262A (en) * 2022-11-04 2022-12-02 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 Liquid hydrogen system fuel cell control method and device, fuel cell and vehicle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4000607B2 (en) * 1996-09-06 2007-10-31 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel cell power generation apparatus and method
US6519539B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2003-02-11 Hydrogenics Corporation Measurement of fuel cell impedance
JP4438231B2 (en) * 2001-01-26 2010-03-24 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ FUEL CELL DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD FOR FUEL CELL DEVICE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW200603479A (en) 2006-01-16
CA2667780C (en) 2012-03-13
CN102208667A (en) 2011-10-05
CN102208667B (en) 2012-10-03
JP4773431B2 (en) 2011-09-14
JP2008501225A (en) 2008-01-17

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