CA2608469A1 - Personal tracking system - Google Patents

Description

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Simsmart TechnaTogies, Test Report Battery-Powered Wireless Mesh Network Proof of Concept for Damage Control Personnel Tracking July 22th, 2007 Revision 3 Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100. Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept Table of Contents 1. Report summary and conclusions I
1.1. Testing requirement 1 1.2. The test and results summary 1 2. DC personnel tracking system description 5 2.1. System features 5 2.2. The tracking infrastructure 7 3. Testing environment, assumptions and limitations 9 3.1. Mesh network deployment and definitions 9 3.2. Limitations and assumptions 9 3.3. Ship compartments plan view 9 4. Tests results data 11 4.1. Mesh network propagation test results 11 4.2. Tracking test results 15 4.3. Interference test results 15

5. Acknowledgments 15

6. Miscellaneous pictures 16 Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept 1. Report summary and conclusions 1.1. Testing requinsnent Simsmart Technologies Inc. (Simsmart) is developing a "Damage control personnel Tracking System".
The main objectives of the "Damage control personnel Tracking System" are to:
1. Track the route, location and health status of damage control personnel while they are attacking incidents such as shoring or fire fighting;
2. Track the mesh network infrastructure integrity and health condition;
3. At all time, measure the temperature in each compartment and deviation as a rate of change or absolute value;
This document section 2 describe the "Damage control personnel Tracking System" in more detail.
The tracking infrastructure is based on a battery-powered network mesh unique technology.
Although the proposed battery operated wireless network mesh is mature and has been successfully tested in an environment of steel containers, Simsmart intended to test the battery operated wireless network mesh on-board a modern Navy ship in order to document the network behavior in a realistic naval environment.

12. The Uest and resuNs sumrnary In June 2007, Simsmart has submitted a request to the Canadian Navy for on-board access to execute a non intrusive battery-powered network mesh proof of concept testing.
The Canadian Navy granted access to a Halifax Class frigate stationed in Halifax to proceed with the testing. The proof of concept testing was conducted on the "HMCS MontreaP".
The test was conducted on July 14-15, 2007 in Halifax on-board the "HMCS
MontreaP" at the East Coast Navy Base.
The on-board testing procedure had the following proof of concept objectives:
1. Wireless mesh signal propagation across bulkheads and decks;
2. Wireless mesh self organizing and self healing capability;
3. Influence of the wireless network to other systems;
4. Influence on the wireless network from other systems;
5. Initial personnel tracking ability.
For detailed results data on signal propagation tests refer to section 4.1.
For detailed results data on tracking tests refer to section 4.2.
The initial test conclusions are as follows:
(a) The wireless network establishes strong signal propagation across up to two watertight bulkheads with all doors closed in direct line or across a diagonal across the ship;
(b) The wireless network establishes strong signal propagation across up to two decks with all hatches closed in direct line or across a diagonal across the ship;
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 1 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept These first two conclusions enable to establish a network with a very high level of signal route redundancy for a ship with mesh nodes installed in each compartments (one node for each small to medium size compartments and two, one on the port side and one on the starboard side for large compartments such as engine rooms).

Figure 2 - High level of network redundancy with mesh network units strategically deployed in each compartment (c) A network across multiple watertight bulkheads and decks has been successfully self-established by the installed units;
(d) Network integrity self healing has also been demonstrated by simulating a failure of one unit;
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 2 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept Figure 6 - Wireless mesh node near ship intercom system (f) Although tracking was not the essence of the testing objectives, initial testing has permitted a portable unit to be traced in given compartments by the fixed network infrastructure. Although promising, we have ident'ified a required enhancement (approximately one person month) for the tracking algorithm of portable units. This enhancement targets error free portable unit location identification.
(g) The mesh network provides an excellent platform for temperature measurement of each compartment where excessive rate of change or limit temperatures can be observed and reported/alarmed as an advance alarming system.

Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 4 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept (e) No formal EMI testing has been conducted as part of this initial proof of concept although the following has been observed:
i. The wireless network units monitored interference within the utilized bandwidth and no other signals where detected;
ii. The wireless network operated within one meter of the damage control consoles and no interference altered the apparent functionality of the damage control system during the test;
iii. The wireless network operated within one meter of the Machinery Control System (MCS) consoles and no interference altered the apparent functionality of the MCS
during the test;
iv. The wireless network nodes where installed in power cable trays and in MCS
signal cable trays with no apparent interference and impact on the wireless mesh;

Figure 3 - Wireless mesh node test installation near power and signal cables v. The wireless network nodes operated near large 440 VAC switchboards and load centers without being affected by them.

Figure 4 - Wireless mesh node test installation near 440 VAC switchboard vi. The ship Portable Radio Communication (PRC) system had a known impact on activating heat and smoke sensors when operated too near these sensing devices. The wireless network nodes where tested only centimeters from these sensing devices with no impact.

Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 383 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 3 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept 2. DC personnel tracking system description 2.1. S'ysbem fbatures The "Damage control personnel Tracking System" is composed of the following components:
1. Mesh network, battery powered;
2. Wearable transponder for DC personnel and/or others;
3. Portable or fixed Windows based station:
= Connection to mesh network for personnel tracking;
= Database logs personnel location with date and time;
= Isometric or plan views that identifies location and route of DC personnel and also each compartment temperature on a continuous basis.
A wireless mesh network is deployed in all compartments of interest for damage control and/or where temperature monitoring is important. The wireless mesh network does not require ship power and any external wiring. Hence, its installation cost is low. A mounting bracket would be installed in each compartment of interest. The mesh network unit is then secured on the bracket.
Large compartments such as engine and machinery rooms or long passageways would contain 2 node units in order to sectorize the network installation in a "port-starboard" and "aft-forward" topology. This will enhance the network integrity in case of casualty.
Another advantage of the "Damage control personnel Tracking System" is the fact that although a ship would be experiencing a total electrical black-out, using a portable computer on batteries the wireless mesh would still report the DC personnel location and each compartment temperature reading with all corresponding defined alarming.
Damage control personnel is tracked by wearing a portable node unit clipped on the belt. The portable unit monitors the fixed network infrastructure and registers to the one with the strongest signal, hence the one in the compartment where the DC personnel is located. Simsmart is also exploring the possibility of mounting accelerometers and/or heart beat monitoring on the DC
personnel portable units.
The system would alarm on defined thresholds of either measurement.
In the event of a major disaster casualty where the complete ship mid-section would be disabled from top to bottom, two independent aft network and forward network would self organize.
The mesh network units location need therefore to be strategically chosen.
Each of the fixed node also measure the compartment temperature where it is located.
The damage control personnel location is reported to wirelessly connected PCs (laptop and/or fixed stations) via the fixed node infrastructure. The mesh network system health is also reported back to the wirelessly connected PCs.
The location, temperature data and system health information is stored in a SQL compliant database.
This information is also displayed on plan or isometric views. The information is archived for trending, reporting and analysis.
The mesh network unit nodes associattion to compartment names and portable unit nodes to specific DC personnel are defined in a dabatase. The temperature thresholds and rate of change alarming are defined also in this definition database. All dynamic information is available using open architecture industrial OPC technology (see www.opcfoundation.org).

Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 5 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of conoept Figure 7-Damage control personnel Tracking System" functional architecture Features at a glanoe:
= DC personnei is tracked by wireless mesh;
. Database (SOL compliant) logs personnel presence in compartments and significant alarms and events:
= Ship compartments isometric or plan views plots DC personnel route;
= Caaabilitv to track 8ersonnel usina lavton on batterv while the shin is in comalete black-out;
= System tracks mesh network integrity and battery health;
= Alarm generated when monitored personnel disappears from tracking;
= Set alarm timer for maximum time allowed in a compartment;
= Set alarm when personnel entry in compartments with access interdiction;
= Optional compartment temperature monitoring from each network mesh units to alarm on sudden temperature rise for advance incident/fire alarm;
= DC personnel portable unit configuration for:
= On-board accelerator for no motion detection for a specified period of time;
= "Emergency assistance required" button;
= Report back to DC central emergency light;
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3133 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 6 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept Figure 8- PC tracking application 22 The trac~dng itftshijob"

The proposed tracking network is not Wi-Fi technology. It is based on proprietary technology in a different frequency band (902 - 928MHz) and is designed to last 10+ years on batteries depending on the choice and number of installed batteries.
To achieve multi-year battery life, the tracking technology minimizes power-hungry transmissions to the strict minimum. Unlike Intemet Protocol (IP) based technologies, the tracking protocol is optimized for small payloads of a few bytes, e.g. RFID klentification number, analog sensor measurement, onloff control command, etc.. Packet size can be a low as 8 Bytes.
Default mesh network node transmitter parameters are:
1. Duty cycie: 5 ms pulse @ 2-25 Hz (2 Hz in standby, 25 MHz at full traffic load) 2. Pulse radiated power: I mW up to 25mW
3. Frequency band: 902-928 MHz (64 x 200 kHz channels) 4. Spread spectrum: pseudo-random frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) The tracking network pertorms well in harsh environments because each layer is optimized for robustness:
1. An RF link budget of 122 dBm (+14 dBm of transmitter power, -108dBm of receiver sensitivity) enables safety margins and long range on each hop 2. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) provides protection from interferers and multipath nulls 3. Multihop mesh networking provides route and spatial redundancy Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 383 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 7 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept Custom-design options to further alleviate any concems of interference with other systems onboard include:
1. Reducing the transmitter duty cycle;
2. Changing the operating frequency band (options available from 80 MHz to 2.4 GHz);
3. Activation only on-demand with a multi-hop ripple "wake-up" command (involves self organizing latency of several minutes) In the latter, by default all nodes would be in a listen-only mode, i.e.
the transmitter duty cycle would be zero (0), i.e. absolutely zero (0) potential interference.
Mesh network infrastructure features at a glance:
= 100% mesh and battery powered;
= Low cost installation (Secured to mounting bracket attached to any existing buikhead or equipment);
= Low cost maintenance;
= Does not require ship power ;
= Self-organizing and self-healing ;
= Years of battery life (2 - 10+ depending on battery size and quantity selection).

Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Sufte 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 8 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept 3. Testing environment, assumptions and limitations 3.1. Mesh nebworlc depbyinent and definffions For Propagation Tests (PT), two wireless mesh nodes were deployed in different configurations:
= Across bulkheads in direct line and in diagonal = Across decks in direct line and in diagonal For Tracking Tests (TT) seven nodes were distributed across bulkheads and decks.
The propagation and tracking is accomplished by measuring a receiver node signal strength (the RSSI) from a signal transmitted by a reference unit.
RSSI - Receiver Signal Strength Indicator The signal range from a wireless node unit is [-108 dBm, -30 dBm].
A RSSI ?-50dBm is considered strong.
A RSSI <_ -96 dBm is considered weak.
Therefore RSSI 2:-95 dBm are considered satisfactory.
Since RSSI measurements always fluctuates (this is a normal behavior), during the propagation tests the range of RSSI will be recorded.
The conclusions of the tests and the significance of "Pass" and "Fail" can be read in section #2 of this document.

32. Limitations and assumptions The HMCS Montreal was docked at the East Coast Naval Based and was operating on shore power.
All network tests were done keeping a minimum distance of 3 meters from classified information networks.

3.3. Ship compartrrients plan view On the following page you will find a partial ship plan view of the compartment names referenced in the results section of this document.
Symbology for the diagram on the next page:
= PT #n - Wireless network Propagation Test using two units where one is locate Machinery control system room on deck #3 = TT #n - Wireless network Tracking Test using multiple units where the base unit is located in the wardroom on deck #2 Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 9 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept 4. Tests results data 4.1. Mesh networic propagaetion tiest resuits The wireless infrastructure node base unit #17 was located in the HQ1/MCR
(3GZo) compartment for propagation tests #1- 7.
Test #1 Purpose Transmission through no Watertight Bulkhead (WB) Portable unit for RSSI measurement in De aussin compartment (3GAI) Test #1A Degaussing Compartment Door Open min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: -52 dBm -51 dBm Pass Test #1 B Degaussing Compartment Door Closed min max Signal Strength R; Range: -67 dBm -55 dBm Pass Test #2 Purpose Transmission through 1 WB
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in After Switchboard compartment (3HA1) Test #2A Switchboard Door Open, WB 39 Door Open min max Signal Strength Rgs; Range: -65 dBm -55 dBm Pass Test #ZB Switchboard Door Closed, WB 39 Door Open min max Signal Strength RSS; Range: -65 dBm -56 dBm Pass Test #2C Switchboard Door Open, WB 39 Door Closed min max Signal Strength Rgs; Range: -65 dBm -56 dBm Pass Test #2D Switchboard Door Closed, WB 39 Door Closed min max Signal Strength Rgs; Range: -69 dBm -57 dBm Pass Test #3 Purpose Transmission through 1 Deck Test #3A Portable unit for RSSI measurement in After Engine Room (AER) (6G) -stbd Plummer Block, near WB39 Test #3A1 AER Door Closed, AER Hatch Open min max Signal Strength RSS; Range: -67 dBm -55 dBm Pass Test #3A2 AER Door Closed, AER Hatch Closed min max Signal Strength R$$; Range: -57 dBm -54 dBm Pass Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: soiution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 11 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept Test #3B AER (6G) - port shaft near WB34 Test #3B1 AER Door Open, AER Hatch Open min max Signal Strength R~; Range: -85 dBm -72 dBm Pass Test #3B2 AER Door Open, AER Hatch Closed min max Signal Strength Rsr; Range: -85 dBm -72 dBm Pass Test #3B3 AER Door Closed, AER Hatch Closed min max Signal Strength Rr,~; Range: -81 dBm -72 dBm Pass Test No. 4 Purpose Transmission through 1 Watertight Bulkhead + 1 Deck Test No. 4A Portable unit for RSSI measurement in After Auxiliary Machinery Room (AAMR) 5H - Forward of Stbd Diesel Generator, Bkhd39 Test #4A1 WB39 Door Open, AAMR Door Closed, AAMR Hatch Open min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: -88 dBm -79 dBm Pass WB39 Door Closed, AAMR
Test #4A2 Door Closed, AAMR Hatch Closed min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: -88 dBm -79 dBm Pass Test #4B Portable unit for RSSI measurement in AAMR (5H) - HP Air Compressor, Port, Bkhd43 Test #4B1 WB39 Door Open, AAMR Door Closed, AAMR Hatch Open min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: -95 dBm -75 dBm Pass WB39 Door Closed, AAMR
Test #4B2 Door Closed, AAMR Hatch Closed min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: -95 dBm -88 dBm Pass Test #5 Purpose Transmission through 2 Watertight Bulkhead, 1 Bulkhead + 1 Deck Test #5A Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Laundry Compartment (4JAI), Aft, WB47.5 WB39 Door Open, WB43 Door Test #5A Open, 3/4 Deck Hatch Open, Laundry Door Open min max Signal Strength R551 Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result) Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 12 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept Test #5B Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Laundry Compartment Door, Fwd, WB39 Door Open, WB43 Door Test #5B Open, 3/4 Deck Hatch Open, Laundry Door Open min max Signal Strength R.; Range: -100 dBm -95 dBm Fail (expected result) Test #5C Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Shelter Station No. 2 Lobby Test #5C1 (Xray) WB39 Door Open, WB43 Door Open, 3/4 Deck Hatch Open min max Signal Strength Ru; Range: -85 dBm -71 dBm Pass WB39 Door Closed, WB43 Test #5C2 (Zulu) Door Closed, 3/4 Deck Hatch Closed min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result) Test #6 Purpose Transmission through 5 Watertight Bulkhead + 1 WB into Steering Gear Compartment (90 turn) Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Steering Gear Compartment 3Mno Test #6A WB39, 43, 47.5, 52.5, 58 Doors Open, Steering Gear Compartment Door Open min max Signal Strength R.; Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result) Test #6B Transmission through 5 Watertight Bulkhead Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Steering Gear Lobby 3MA2 Test #6B1 WB39, 43, 47.5, 52.5, 58 Doors Open min max Signal Strength R,,; Range: -95 dBm -87 dBm Pass Test #6B2 WB39 Door Closed, WB43, 47.5, 52.5, 58 Doors Open min max Signal Strength Rr,,; Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result) Test #7A Purpose Transmission through 2 Watertight Bulkhead Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Passa ewa 3J
Test #7A WB39, 43 Doors Closed min max Signal Strength R~; Range: -95 dBm -90 dBm Pass Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 13 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept Test #7B Purpose Transmission through 2 Watertight Bulkhead + I Bulkhead Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Mess No. 9 3J
Test #7B WB39, 43 Doors Closed, Mess 9 Door Closed min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: -93 dBm -85 dBm Pass The wireless infrastructure node base unit #17 was located in the Passageway (3GA2) compartment for propagation tests #8-9.
Test #8 Purpose Transmission through 3 Watertight Bulkheads Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Passageway 3K
Test #8A WB39, 43, 47.5 Doors Closed min max Signal Strength Rs.,; Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result) Test #8B WB39, 43 Doors Closed, WB47.5 Door Open min max Signal Strength R551 Range: -95 dBm -95 dBm Borderline Test #9 Purpose Transmission through 2 Watertight Bulkhead Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Passageway 3J
Test #9 WB39, 43 Doors Closed min max Signal Strength R,,,; Range: dBm -86 dBm Pass The wireless infrastructure node base unit #17 was located in the Passageway (2JA2) compartment for propagation tests #10-11.

Test #10 Purpose Transmission through 2 Decks Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Shelter Station No. 2 Lobby 4JA2 Test #10 Hatches 2/3JA2 + 3/4JA2 Closed min max Signal Strength Rr,s; Range: -70 dBm -51 dBm Pass Test #11 Purpose Transmission through 3 Decks Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Black and Grey Water Collection Tank (5JBO) Test #11A Hatches 2/3JA2 + 3/4JA2 Closed, Hatch 4/5JA2 Open min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: -79 dBm -59 dBm Pass Test #11 B Hatches 2/3JA2 + 3/4JA2 + 4/5J,q2 Closed min max Signal Strength Rss; Range: -108 dBm -87 dBm Borderline/Fail (expected result) Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Sufte 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 14 Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of concept 42 Tracidng test results As per the figure 9 above, a wireless mesh has been installed with 7 network nodes (see units TT#20, 22, 23, 17, 24, 19 and 21).
The wireless mesh has electronically established itself within one minute and was self healing when one unit was powered-off to simulate a node failure.
A portable unit was moved through compartment. As we reached unit #22 in the Lobby 2G23 the portable unit latched communication to that unit with an RSSI of [-67 dBm, -50 dBm] which is good.
Unfortunately, the software loaded into the units had a priority on maintaining a network integrity on the current connection (unit #22) until the signal is lost although a stronger signal was available on unit #23.
This behavior prohibited the portable unft to change its connection from unit #22 to unit #23 located in the Machinery Control room. We had to go further aft (two more watertight bulkheads) to disconnect from unit #22 and gradually come back to unit #23 for reconnection. We indeed reconnected to unit #23 as we neared the Machinery Control room with a RSSI of [-70 dBm, -50 dBm].
Therefore, this proves the tracking capability of the system although the software code inside the portable unit has to be changed to not maintain network integrity at all cost with a connection to a unit, but it must also look for stronger connections around. This task will require approximately one person-month of work. Re-testing should be done following the modification.

4.3. Inftr6enence best nesults Refer to the document section 1.2 "The test and results summary" conclusion item (e).
5. Acknowledgments We would like to express special thanks to the HMCS Montr6al ship personnel who permitted and collaborated to the wireless system tests.
Also Mr. Marco Nottegar, an engineer from the Canadian Navy Naval Engineering Tests Establishment (NETE) acted with remarkable professionalism, competence and ethics in the logistics, coordination and execution tasks for the conducted tests.
Many thanks for Lt (N) Winnie W.Y. Chan from the Canadian Navy DMSS 4-2-4 for witnessing and participating in the execution of the testing tasks.

Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 15 Damage Control Personnel Tracking System 1. Introduction Simsmart Technologies Inc. (Simsmart) is developing a "Damage Control Personnel Tracking System (DCPTS)".
The main objectives of the "Damage Control Personnel Tracking System (DCPTS)"
are to:
1. Track the route, location and health status of damage control personnel while they are attacking incidents such as shoring or fire fighting;
2. Track the mesh network infrastructure integrity and health condition;
3. At alime, measure the temperature in each compartment:and deviation as a rate of change or absolute value;
The tracking infrastructure is based on a battery-powered network mesh unique technology,.
2. System features The "Damage control personnel Tracking System" is composed of the following components:
1. Mesh network;~battery powered;
,.T.. .
2. Wearable transponder for DC personnei and/or others;
=, 3. Portable or fixed W indows based station:
= Connection to mesh network for personneitracking;
Databasa logs personnei location with date and time;
= I'sometricor plan views that'identifies location and route of DC personnel and also each compartmenttemperatLre on`a`continuous.basis.
A wireless mesh network is deployed in all. compartments of interest for dama9e control and/or where temperature monitoring is 'important. The wireless mesh network does not require ship power and any externa) wiring. Hence, its installation cost is low. A mounting bracket would be-~instafled in each compartment of interest. The mesh network unit is then secured on the bracket.
Large compartments such as engine and machinery rooms or long passageways would contain 2 node units in order to sectorize the network instaliation in a "port-starboard" and "aft-forward" topology. This will enhance the network integr~ty in case of casualty.
Another advantage of the "Damage control personnel Tracking System" is the fact that although a ship would be experiencing a total eiectricai black-out, using a portable computer on batteries the wireless mesh would still report the DC personnel location and each compartment temperature reading with all corresponding defined alarming.
Damage controi personnel is tracked by wearing a portable node unit clipped on the belt. The portable unit monitors the fixed network infrastructure and registers to the one with the strongest signal, hence the one In the compartmerit where the DC personnel is located. Simsmart is also exploring the possibility of mounting accelerometers and/or heart beat monitoring on the DC
personnel portable units.
The system would alarm on defined thresholds of either measurement.

SimsmartTechnologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solution0 simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com Damage Control Personnel Tracking System In the event of a major disaster casualty where the complete ship mid-section would be disabled from top to bottom, two independent aft network and forward network would self organize.
The mesh network units location need therefore to be strategically chosen.
Each of the fixed node also measure the compartment temperature where it is located.
The damage control personnel location is reported to wirelessly connected PCs (laptop and/or fixed stations) via the fixed node infrastructure. The mesh network system health is also reported back to the wirelessly connected PCs.
The location, temperature data and system heaRh infommtion is stored in a SG1L
cornpliant database.
This information Is atso displayed on plan or isometric views. The information is archived for trending, reporting and analysis.
The mesh network unit nodes associattion to compartment names and portable unit nodes to specific DC personnel are defined in a dabatase. The temperature thresholds and rate of change alarming are defined also in this definition database. All dynamic information is available using open architecture industrial OPC technology. (see www.opcfoundation.org).

Figure t="Damage control personnel Tracking System" functional architecture Features at a glance:
= DC personnel is tracked by wireless mesh;
=' Database (SQL compliant) logs personnel presence in compartments and significant alarms =and events;
= Ship compartments isometric or plan views plots DC personnel route;

= Caoabilitv to track nersonnei usina laoton on bettery while the shio is !n comolete b/ack-outSimsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: soiution simsrnart.com Web: www.simsmart.com Damage Control Personnel Tracking System = System tracks mesh network integrity and battery health;
= Alarm generated when monitored personnel disappears from tracking;
= Set alarm timer for maximum time allowed in a compartment;
= Set alarm when personnel entry in compartments with access interdiction;
= Optional compattment temperature monitoring from each network mesh units to alarm on sudden temperature rise for advance incident/fire alarm;
= DC personnel portable unit configuration for:
= On-board accelerator for no motion detection for a specified period of time;
= "Emergency assistance required" button;
= Report back to DC central emergency light;

IL
Z
~ - ql~ -~
o 3 d ~ ~ 3 a ~ ~ '~ 2 ~-Fgure 2- PC Vadcing application a V].
3. The tracking infrastructure The proposed tracking network is not Wi-Fi technology. It is based on proprietary technology in a different frequency band (902 - 928MHz) and is designed to last 10+ years on batteries depending on the choice and number of installed batteries.
To achieve multi-year battery frfe, the tracking technology minimizes power-hungry transmissions to the strict minimum. Unlike Internet Protocol (IP) based technologies, the tracking protocol is optimized for small payloads of a few bytes, e.g. RFID identification number, analog sensor measurement, on/off control command, etc.. Packet size can be a low as 8 Bytes.
Default mesh network node transmftter parameters are:
1. Duty cycle: 5 ms pulse 0 2-25 Hz (2 Hz in standby, 25 MHz at full traffic load) 2. Pulse radiated power: 1 mW up to 25mW
3. Frequency band: 902-928 MHz (64 x 200 kHz channels) Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3 Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: solutionrelsimsmart.com Web:, www.simsmart.com Damage Control Personnel Tracking System 4. Spread spectrum: pseudo-random frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) The tracking network performs well in. harsh environments because each layer is optimized for robustness:
1. An RF link budget of 122 dBm (+14 dBm of transmitter power, -108dBm of receiver sensitivity) enables safety margins and long range on each hop 2. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) provides protection from interferers and muftipath nulls 3. Muitihop mesh networking provides route and spatial redundancy Custom-design options to further alleviate any concems of Interference with other systems onboard include:
1. Reducing the transmitter duty cycle;
2. Changing the operating frequency band (options available from BO MHz to 2.4 GHz);
3. Activation only on-demand with a mutti=hop ripple "wake-up" command (involves seff organizing latency-of several minutes) !n the latter , , by default all rades would be in a listen-only mode, i.e.
the transmitter duty cycle wo'uld be zero (0), i.e. absolutely zero (0) potential interference.
Mesh network infrastructure features at a gla;,nice::
= 100% mesh and battery powered;
= Low cost installation (Secured to mounting bracket attached to any existing bulkhead or equipment);
= Low cost maintenance; ;: ;.= :
= Does not require ship power ;
= Self-organizing and self heafing = Years of battery life (2 =10+ depending pp kratferplsize and quantity selection).

= .
__-__---_..._-----------WB - WafaUght BNkhaad Figure 3- Maximum signal propagalon across bulkheads and dadcs with doors and hatches closed S-unscnart Tachnolqgift ptcõ 4 Pie~ce:du Cortnerce, Su(te 100, Brossard (Quebec) Cansde J4W 3133 Tel:'(4,50) 923-6400, Faz: (450) 923-0038 E-mail: soiutiontsimsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com Damage Control Personnel Tracking System .....;..;.. .

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Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce,, Sulte 100, Brossard (Duebec) Canada J4W 3B3 TeL== (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 ' E-mail: solution~simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com ,i ~

Newtrax Technologies Wireless Mesh FHSS Technology http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/technology ~-- ';; .-.:; =~r, ~.= solutions products techhoiogy about us home ~ u=.. ~;.%-G _w:~

low energy ad-hoc RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection Low energy ad hoc wireless mesh networking The unique characteristics of the Newtrax networking technology make it the single solution to certain types of applications. This is particularly true where the networked devices are battery/solar powered, inherently nomadic in nature and live in an electromagnetically hostile environment such as underground mines, railway hub yards, urban environments, battlefields or heavy industrial sites.

Technological Comparison with otherwireiess Comparison with typical wireless Comparison of popular RF
advantage technologies sensors networks IC options Advantages of Newtrax wireless mesh technology Typical wireless sensors network protocols do not provide a solid foundation for scalable, robust and reliable low energy mesh networks.
Newtrax wireless mesh technology outperforms them on:

Energy consumption Newtrax TDMA enables two nodes to communicate without disturbing neighbors. Typical WSN
CSMA forces all nodes in range to Ilsten to a preamble, which adds significant burden: the preamble used to communicate with time synchronized and asynchronized nodes lasts 40ms and 125ms respectively. This is a majbr problem In dense clusters and/or when nodes with low duty cycle and high powertransmissions are used to reduce the number of hops to destination;
Typical WSN gateways are not low energy, they must be line/grid powered.
Therefore, typical WSN cannot be used ln field applications with battery powered satellite/cellular sinks to the I n tern et;

Resiliency Newtrax networks are based on FHSS, so throughput decreases gracefully in the presence of lnterferers or multipath nulls;
Newtrax networks form using distributed synchronization and resource allocation. They therefore quickly adapt to new node arrival, departure or arbitrary faliure.
If a sink fails, packets are routed to any alternate/redundant sink without network downtime.
In typical WSN, the gateway Is a centralized network coordinator and single point of failure;
In typical WSN centrally dictated synchronization architectures, all nodes downstream from a broken link lose synchronization and are forced back into network discovery and self-organizing mode;

Scalability Maximum node capacity Is lower in typical WSN, which use a single frequency channel, than in Newtrax networks, which use multiple channels with statistically independent frequency hopping patterns;
In typical WSN, total throughput decreases as the number of nodes and/or traffic increases, because collisions Increase in CSMA contention based channels;
Typical WSN have a practical limit of < 200 descendants per gateway. This constraint complicates installation, prevents seamless network extensions and restricts fallback redundancy. Newtrax dlstrlbuted architecture has no such limit. For instance, 10,000 Newtrax nodes can use a single sink for reporting to the central server by exceptlon;
Newtrax networks can seamlessiy route packets through multiple sinks. Outbou nd/In bound throughput gracefully adapts to the number of sinks available;
Newtrax distributed architecture enables cost effective small networks, because there is no need to amortize the cost of a network coordinator/gateway. Any node, via its RS-232/SPI port can be used to connect the ad hoc network to a sink device;

1 sur 2 29/10/2007 09:26 Newtrax Technologies ( Wireless Mesh FHSS Technology http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/technology solutions products technology about us home low energy ad-hoc - ~ RF-based motion b wireless mesh proxlmity detection Low energy ad hoc wireless mesh networking The unique characteristics of the Newtrax networking technology make it the single solution to certain types of applications. This is particularly true where the networked devices are battery/solar powered, inherently nomadic in nature and live in an electromagnetically hostile enviroriment such as underground mines, railway hub yards, urban environments, battlefields or heavy industrial sites.

Technological Comparison with other wireless Comparison with typical wireless Comparlson of popular RF
advantage technologies sensors networks IC options Newtrax wireless mesh technology compared with standard wireless local area network technologies ZigbeeTM Wi-FiTM BlUetoothTM
Low data rate Low data rate High-speed digitalvideo, Isochronous peripheral Target application machine-to-machine machine-to-machine votce and data WPAN
communications communications Native topology 100% mesh and batoary une/grld powered mesh Line/grid powered mesh powerad backbone with battery backbone with battery eattery powered star powered star leaf nodes powered star leaf nodes Seif-organizing and qd hoc Central network Central network Ad hoc self-healing coordinator coordinator Battery nodes life of leaf Years Years Hours Days Battery life of mesh routers Years Hours 8attery life of gateway or access Years Hours point Link d-ata rate 38.4 / 250 kbps 40.0 / 2S0 kbps End-to-endiatency Seconds Sub-second Reliability and stability in harsh High Low environment solutions products technology about us home newfrax low energy ad-hoc RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection I sur 2 29/10/2007 09:27 Newtrax Technologies I Wireless Mesh FHSS Technology http://hwyw.newtraxtech.com/en/technology solutions products technology aboutus home low energy ad-hoc F(g RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection Low energy ad hoc wireless mesh networki-ng The unique characteristics of the Newtrax networking technology make it the single solution to certain types of applications. This is particularly true where the networked devices are battery/solar powered, inherently nomadic in nature and live in an electromagnetically hostile environment such as underground mines, raiiway hub yards, urban environments, battlefields or heavy industrial sites.

Technological Comparison with other wlreiess Comparison with typkal wireless Comparlson of popular RF
advantage technologies sensors networks IC options Newtrax wireless mesh technology compared with typical wireless sensor networks Typkal wireless sensor networks Multiple access scheme TDMA CSMA
Synchronizatlon for communications Per link, ad hoc, distributed None or centrally dictated by gateway Frequency hopping Yes No Hopping speed Fast (one hop per timesloU
Hopping pattern Statistically independent Self-organizing and Ad hoc Coordinated by gatewa self-healing y Any-to-any, multihop full mesh, unicast, broadcast Routing capability Irrmmedlate neighbor and to/from gateway with time-to-live, to nearest gateway Maximum number of Unrestricted < 200 recommended because performance degrades nodes per gateway exponentially with size Maximum number of gateways per network Unrestricted 1 Impact of packet transmission on neighbors 1 sur 2 29/10/2007 09:28 Newtrax Technologies I Wireless Mesh FHSS Technology http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/technology ~,~,r.=:r= ~=i~~~.? solutions products technology about us home j.i"c=.vv'-~ 1 low energy ad-hoc RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection Low energy ad hoc wireless mesh networking The unique characteristics of the Newtrax networking technology make It the single solution to certain types of applications. This is particularly true where the networked devices are battery/solar powered, inherently nomadic in nature and live in an electromagneticaily hostile environment such as underground mines, railway hub yards, urban environments, battlefields or heavy industriai sites.

Technological Comparison with other wireless Comparison with typical wireiess Comparison of popular RF
advantage technologies sensors networks IC options Comparison of popular RF IC options Frequency band 902-928 MHz 2400-2483.5 Mhz PHY radio Narrowband IEEE 602.15.4 Narrowband IEEE 802.1 S.4 = - - . ........ .. ... . .
Reference RF IC XE1203F AT86RF210 CC2500 CC2420 TX power +15 dBm +12 dBm +1 dBm 0 dBm TX powerwith PA (Max) +30 dBm +30 dBm +30 dBm +30 d8m RX sensit'rvity -108 dBm -98 dBm -89 dBm -95 dBm RX sensitivity with LNA n/a n/a -98 dem -98 dBm Data nte 38.4 kbps 40.0 kbps 250 kbps 2S0 kbps Channel bandwidth 200 kHz 600 kHz 550 kHz 2 MHz Number of channels 64 10 95 16 Channel spacing 400 kHz 2 MHz 875 kHz 5 MHz Adjacent channel rejection 48 dB 0 dB 25 dB 39 dB
Alternate channel rejection 48 dB 30 dB 35 dB 55 dB
Maximum total system throughput in airspace 2.5 Mbps 0.4 mbps 23.8 Mbps 4.0 Mbps ~ Q` ,õ1,~~~ solutions products technology about us home 1, G 1~~ ` low energy ad-hoc RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection - - -Newtrax Technologies inc. - contact information 1 sur 1 29/10/2007 09:30 Newtrax Technologies I Wireless Mesh Node http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/products/wireless-mesh-nodes solutions products technology about us home central a wireless server gateways mesh nodes ~... ~i ::~'' Wireless Mesh Nodes Wireless Mesh Nodes are application-specific battery-powered devices with sensors, I/Os, microprocessors, onboard data storage, and wireless networking capabilities.
Advanced energy management options enable multi-year battery-powered operation in environments without grid power.

Product highlights Industry-specific product information If you are looking for Information about wireless nodes Simple, quick and reliable installation in harsh environments products for our industry solutions, please visit the page without grid power outlets dedicated to that solution:
Battery pack options for battery Ilfe up to 10+ years Underground mines & tunnels All nodes have a unique 32-bt identification number (RFID) Water & wastewater infrastructures enabling resource and asset location and tracking Mobile nodes qufckly attach themsleves to the nearest fixed Borders, perimeters & battlefields node enabling tracking of mobile assets or personnel and text messaging Standard Industrial I/Os, regulated power output options and a remotely configurable embedded application allow plug and play monitoring of sensors and control of actuators Hundreds of nodes can share one or more Newtrax Gateway Anywhere, anytime, from any web-enabled device, users can remotely configure, monitor and control the nodes via the Central Server Communication Spread spectrum protocol Power and energy requirements RF front end TDMA / FHSS Typical time-averaged drain at 3V: 915/868MHz unlicensed band Synchronization for communications: Continuous ad hoc self-organizing RPSMA
antenna connector ad hoc, per link and distributed and self-healing with Tx 0 14 dBm:
-1 mA External or internal antenna options Hopping speed: once per timesiot With routing inactive (i.e. leaf-node) TX radiated power: -1 dBm up to 14 Hopping pattern: statistically and Tx dD 14 dBm: -250 pA dBm independent Peak drain at 3V: RX sensitivity: -108 dBm 9) 38.4 kbps Link level acknowledgements Tx (ID -1 dBm: 31.7 mA 64 x 200 kHz channels Effective link throughput up to 1 kbps 38.4 kbps and up to 2 kbps 76.8 Tx QD 14 dBm: 70.0 mA Typical omnidirectional range: up to kbps 600 m depending on environment [Min/Average] latency 500 ms / 2 s QD

Network management tools I sur 2 29/10/2007 09:28 Newtrax Technologies I Wireless Mesh Node http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/products/wireless-mesh-nodes 38.4 kbps and 350 ms / 1.5 s 76.8 kbps On-site Installation and Certifications troubleshooting feedback with two status LEDs FCC ID: TXKWN-1 00 Remote conflguration, performance Industry Canada ID: 6314A-WN100 monitoring and troubleshooting via the Central Server console Application Signal inputs and outputs options Timestamping of sensor data Embedded application firmware (combinations up to 10 I/Os) Within 1 ms of absoiute reference provided by Newtrax Gateway (communication Remotely configurable via the Central Universal Analog Inputs with 12-bit protocol synchronization Is dlstributed for Server console ADC sampling up to 100 ksps maximum network resiliency, but absolute supporting: time synchronization propagates Standard configuration options inciude Independently) sampling rate, statistical 0-20 mA measurements, alarm thresholds, logging rules and distributed control SO kf2 thermistor (customizabie) logic 0-3 V (customizable) Custom design for special applications available on demand Universal Digital Inputs supporting:
Dry-contact Power and energy requirements Regulated power supply output [0-1) / [2-50] V options for sensors Universal Digital Outputs supporting: Sleep: 60 NA 4D 3V
3 VDC up to 250 mA
Open collector Application processing: 2.3 mA 3V
VDC up to 150 mA (3V-6V supported) 0/3 V Sensor monitoring: variable 24 VDC up to 65 mA (15V-34V
Asynchronous -S/+5 V RS-232 (0/3 V supported) UART supported) 12-bit Quarter Wheatstone Bridge Input Onboard data storage option RFID
SPI / 12C up to 4Mb serial flash Unique 32-bit identification number GPIO with interrupt capabilities LED control Power supply Electronics power requirements Battery pack DC power adapter option 3.0 to 5.5 VDC unregulated power Typical rule-of-thumb for battery life is Any standard cellular phone charger at least 1 year per lithium thionyl Peak drain at 3V of at least 70.OmA chloride D cell. For Instance, 10 years Rugged weatherproof options adapted D cells to the target application available on Time-averaged current drain will demand depend on the application and Internal or external sensors. Call us for an estimation Remote battery voltage monitoring via the Central Server console ~ solutions products technology about us home newtrax central gateways wireless server mesh nodes 0 Newtrax Technologies inc. - contact information 2 sur 2 29/10/2007 09:28

Claims