CA2580318C - Systeme de surveillance d'un parametre physiologique de joueurs engages dans une activite sportive - Google Patents
Systeme de surveillance d'un parametre physiologique de joueurs engages dans une activite sportive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2580318C CA2580318C CA2580318A CA2580318A CA2580318C CA 2580318 C CA2580318 C CA 2580318C CA 2580318 A CA2580318 A CA 2580318A CA 2580318 A CA2580318 A CA 2580318A CA 2580318 C CA2580318 C CA 2580318C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- body part
- player
- acceleration
- impact
- controller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 36
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 23
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 22
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 21
- 208000007333 Brain Concussion Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 206010010254 Concussion Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000029028 brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000009514 concussion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000037081 physical activity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010019196 Head injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000005013 brain tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003909 pattern recognition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000025978 Athletic injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000028979 Skull fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030886 Traumatic Brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000386 athletic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003339 best practice Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001149 cognitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008376 long-term health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010984 neurological examination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009529 traumatic brain injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6814—Head
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/0406—Accessories for helmets
- A42B3/0433—Detecting, signalling or lighting devices
- A42B3/046—Means for detecting hazards or accidents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
- A61B5/4076—Diagnosing or monitoring particular conditions of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6887—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient mounted on external non-worn devices, e.g. non-medical devices
- A61B5/6895—Sport equipment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/0888—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values for indicating angular acceleration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/0891—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values with indication of predetermined acceleration values
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
- A61B2503/10—Athletes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0219—Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
- A61B5/0008—Temperature signals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/6803—Head-worn items, e.g. helmets, masks, headphones or goggles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/40—Acceleration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/30—Maintenance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
- A63B2230/50—Measuring physiological parameters of the user temperature
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/08—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions
- A63B71/10—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions for the head
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un système (10) de surveillance d'un paramètre physiologique de joueur engagé dans une activité sportive. Ce système comprend une pluralité d'unités rapporteuses (20), un contrôleur (40) et un dispositif de signalisation (60). L'unité rapporteuse possède un agencement de dispositifs détecteur (22) qui mesurent le paramètre physiologique d'un joueur individuel et génère des données de paramètre. Le contrôleur reçoit ces données de paramètre émises à partir de chaque unité rapporteuse et traite ensuite ces données de paramètre de façon à calculer un résultat de paramètre. Lorsque ce résultat de paramètre dépasse une valeur prédéterminée, le contrôleur communique avec un dispositif de signalisation qui fournit une alarme à du personnel de ligne de touche de façon qu'il surveille le ou les joueurs en question. Ce système comprend aussi un dispositif de stockage à distance permettant de porter des données historiques recueillies par ce système, ce qui permet une analyse subséquente. Ce système peut surveiller un certain nombre de paramètres physiologiques de joueur, notamment l'accélération d'une partie du corps du joueur qui subit un impact et la température de chaque joueur.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60955504P | 2004-09-13 | 2004-09-13 | |
| US60/609,555 | 2004-09-13 | ||
| PCT/US2005/032903 WO2006036567A1 (fr) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Systeme de surveillance d'un parametre physiologique de joueurs engages dans une activite sportive |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2580318A1 CA2580318A1 (fr) | 2006-04-06 |
| CA2580318C true CA2580318C (fr) | 2017-07-25 |
Family
ID=35789254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2580318A Active CA2580318C (fr) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Systeme de surveillance d'un parametre physiologique de joueurs engages dans une activite sportive |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2580318C (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2007003015A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006036567A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6826509B2 (en) | 2000-10-11 | 2004-11-30 | Riddell, Inc. | System and method for measuring the linear and rotational acceleration of a body part |
| US10952671B2 (en) | 2000-10-11 | 2021-03-23 | Riddell, Inc. | System for monitoring a physiological parameter of players engaged in a sporting activity |
| US8797165B2 (en) | 2000-10-11 | 2014-08-05 | Riddell, Inc. | System for monitoring a physiological parameter of players engaged in a sporting activity |
| US7948381B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2011-05-24 | Binforma Group Limited Liability Company | Reversibly deactivating a radio frequency identification data tag |
| MX2007008304A (es) | 2005-01-07 | 2008-01-18 | Riddell | Sistema y metodo para evaluar y proporcionar tratamiento medico para los participantes en actividades deportivas. |
| SE530973C2 (sv) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-11-04 | Umbilical Design Ab | System för detektering av kroppsrörelser som uppstår i samband med en olycka |
| DE102008008159A1 (de) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Identec Solutions Ag | Schutzhelm mit drahtloser Datenübertragung |
| MX352036B (es) | 2011-09-01 | 2017-11-07 | Riddell | Sistemas y métodos para monitorear un parámetro fisiológico de personas que están realizando una actividad física. |
| CN104921732B (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2019-03-08 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种确定用户摄入食物的摄入动作的方法及电子设备 |
| US20170105677A1 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Scott Technologies, Inc. | Team Participant Awareness Indicator and Indicative Notification |
| CA3098122A1 (fr) | 2018-04-22 | 2019-10-31 | Vence, Corp. | Systeme et procede de gestion de betail |
| WO2020037279A1 (fr) | 2018-08-16 | 2020-02-20 | Riddell, Inc. | Système et procédé de conception et de fabrication d'un casque de protection |
| USD927084S1 (en) | 2018-11-22 | 2021-08-03 | Riddell, Inc. | Pad member of an internal padding assembly of a protective sports helmet |
| IL276201B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-10-31 | Scr Eng Ltd | System and method for efficient management of power consumption of an animal monitoring device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5546609A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1996-08-20 | Rush, Iii; Gus A. | Helmet |
| FI973386A (fi) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-26 | Vaeaenaenen Mikko Kalervo | Menetelmä terveydentilatiedon analysoimiseen ja viestimiseen |
| US20030151554A1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2003-08-14 | Robert McCarthy | System, method, and product for automated workout assessment of athletic physical training |
| US6826509B2 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2004-11-30 | Riddell, Inc. | System and method for measuring the linear and rotational acceleration of a body part |
-
2005
- 2005-09-13 CA CA2580318A patent/CA2580318C/fr active Active
- 2005-09-13 MX MX2007003015A patent/MX2007003015A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-09-13 WO PCT/US2005/032903 patent/WO2006036567A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2580318A1 (fr) | 2006-04-06 |
| WO2006036567A1 (fr) | 2006-04-06 |
| MX2007003015A (es) | 2007-11-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10292650B2 (en) | System for monitoring a physiological parameter of players engaged in a sporting activity | |
| CA2580318C (fr) | Systeme de surveillance d'un parametre physiologique de joueurs engages dans une activite sportive | |
| CA2590034C (fr) | Systeme et procede pour l'evaluation et l'administration de traitement a des sportifs | |
| US10952671B2 (en) | System for monitoring a physiological parameter of players engaged in a sporting activity | |
| US11998314B2 (en) | Systems and methods for monitoring a physiological parameter of persons engaged in physical activity | |
| US10702152B2 (en) | Impact monitoring system for players engaged in a sporting activity | |
| US20090000377A1 (en) | Brain impact measurement system | |
| US11812808B2 (en) | Helmet including impact and health data sensing system | |
| US8466794B2 (en) | Head impact event reporting system | |
| US20210307443A1 (en) | Systems and methods for providing training opportunities based on data collected from monitoring a physiological parameter of persons engaged in physical activity | |
| US20120210498A1 (en) | Headgear position and impact sensor | |
| Mihalik et al. | Evaluating the" threshold theory": can head impact indicators help? | |
| EP3527096A1 (fr) | Indicateur d'état de conscience de membre d'une équipe et notification indicatrice |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |