CA2572891A1 - Hydrocarbon fluids and methods of using same - Google Patents
Hydrocarbon fluids and methods of using same Download PDFInfo
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- CA2572891A1 CA2572891A1 CA002572891A CA2572891A CA2572891A1 CA 2572891 A1 CA2572891 A1 CA 2572891A1 CA 002572891 A CA002572891 A CA 002572891A CA 2572891 A CA2572891 A CA 2572891A CA 2572891 A1 CA2572891 A1 CA 2572891A1
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- composition according
- well service
- fluid
- hydrocarbon
- fluid composition
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- -1 phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical group O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical group [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- PTCGDEVVHUXTMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N flutolanil Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC=CC(NC(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=C1 PTCGDEVVHUXTMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical class [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/38—Gaseous or foamed well-drilling compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
- C09K8/536—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/64—Oil-based compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
- C09K8/703—Foams
Abstract
A new hydrocarbon fluid composition and methods of using the fluid are disclosed. The fluid is comprised of a liquid hydrocarbon, a phosphate ester, an iron or aluminum salt crosslinker, a hydrocarbon foaming agent and a gas. The fluid can be used in many applications.
Description
HYDROCARBON FLUIDS AND METHODS OF USING SAME
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from Canadian patent application no.
2,531,982 filed January 4, 2006.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This invention relates well service fluids and their use and in particular, to hydrocarbon fluids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from Canadian patent application no.
2,531,982 filed January 4, 2006.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This invention relates well service fluids and their use and in particular, to hydrocarbon fluids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Fluids are widely used in many industries, especially in the petroleum industry where different fluids are used in different operations including drilling, completion, wellbore cleaning, stimulation, pipeline cleaning. Generally, there are two types of fluids, aqueous based fluids and non-aqueous based fluids. Non-aqueous based fluids usually include alcohol-base fluids and hydrocarbon- base fluids. Generally for well service operations, the subterranean formation to a large extent dictates the suitability of fluids to be used. In most cases water-based fluids are preferred for well service operations because of their low cost and high versatility. However, certain subterranean formations are susceptible to water and lose productivity when exposed to water. For these water-sensitive formations, hydrocarbon-base fluids are commonly used.
[0004] In drilling water-sensitive formations, invert emulsion muds ("invert mud"), where a certain amount of water is emulsified into oil, are widely used. An emulsion can be defined as the dispersion of one liquid, called internal phase, in another liquid, called the external or continuous phase. In an invert mud, water droplets are dispersed in oil. Normally invert muds can contain about 50%
water.
After going through various stages of development, invert muds have become 4111661 v3 reliable and widely used. The major disadvantages of invert muds are their high cost, and the extensive preparation and quality control required.
water.
After going through various stages of development, invert muds have become 4111661 v3 reliable and widely used. The major disadvantages of invert muds are their high cost, and the extensive preparation and quality control required.
[0005] Hydraulic fracturing has been used for decades to stimulate the production of petroleum from subterranean formations. In hydraulic fracturing, a fracturing fluid is injected through a wellbore into the formation at a pressure sufficient to overcome the overburden stress and to initiate a fracture in the formation. Frequently, a proppant, whose function is to prevent the created fractures from closing back down upon itself when the pressure is released, is suspended in the fracturing fluid and transported into the fracture. Proppants in common use include sands and ceramics but other suitable proppants can be used. The proppant-filled fractures provide permeable channels allowing petroleum to seep through the fractures into the wellbore where it is pumped to the surface.
[0006] Fracturing fluids in common use include water-based and hydrocarbon-based fluids. In most cases, water-based fracturing fluids are used. For water-sensitive formations, however, hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluids become necessary. To increase the capability of hydrocarbon fluid to carry proppants and reduce the fluid loss during the fracturing operation, hydrocarbon fluids can be gelled by adding different gelling agents including fatty esters, alkyl phosphate esters crosslinked by aluminum or iron salts, and aluminum fatty acids including aluminum octoates and aluminum stearates.
[0007] Currently, alkyl phosphate esters crosslinked by aluminum or iron salts are probably the most commonly used hydrocarbon gelling agents in the petroleum industry, especially in hydraulic fracturing operations. To prepare such fluids, phosphate esters and aluminum or iron salts are introduced into a hydrocarbon liquid. The in situ reaction between the phosphate esters and the aluminum or iron salts form aluminum or iron phosphate esters which, in turn, gel the hydrocarbon liquid. Normally, the phosphate ester is referred as "gelling agent"
and the aluminum or iron salt as crosslinker. Examples of such fluids include United States Patent Nos. 3,505,374; 3,990,978; 4,003,393; 4,316,810; 5,110,485;
5,693,837 and 6,297,210.
and the aluminum or iron salt as crosslinker. Examples of such fluids include United States Patent Nos. 3,505,374; 3,990,978; 4,003,393; 4,316,810; 5,110,485;
5,693,837 and 6,297,210.
[0008] However, it has been found recently that excess amounts of phosphorus residues in crude oil cause fouling problems in refinery towers. To clean out the fouling, the refinery towers prematurely have to shut down, causing significant financial loss. There is evidence to suggest that the excess amount of phosphorus residues in crude oil stems mainly from the phosphate esters used in the hydrocarbon-base fracturing fluids.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
[0009] In one composition of the present application, a well service fluid composition is provided. The fluid composition disclosed is comprised of a liquid hydrocarbon, a phosphate ester, an iron or aluminum salt crosslinker, and a hydrocarbon foaming agent.
[00010] In methods of the present application, methods for using the fluid composition are provided. The methods of use disclosed include the step of foaming the fluid composition to be used in well services, including hydraulic fracturing, drilling, wellbore cleanout, and pipeline cleaning.
[00011] In further methods of the present application, methods for defoaming hydrocarbon foams flowing out of a well are provided. The methods for defoaming include adding a defoaming agent consisting of methanol or ethanol.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00012] In one embodiment a composition and method of the present invention relates to the composition and application of a fluid, which comprises a liquid hydrocarbon, a phosphate ester, an iron or aluminum crosslinker, a 4111661 v3 hydrocarbon foaming agent and a gas. The liquid hydrocarbon can be diesel, kerosene or other aliphatic hydrocarbons. When mixed with gas under sufficient agitation, a composition according to the present invention creates a foam fluid which can be used in many well service applications including hydraulic fracturing, drilling, wellbore clean out and pipeline cleaning.
[00013] Unlike conventional hydrocarbon gels, the compositions of the present invention take advantage of the synergy between a phosphate ester-based hydrocarbon gel and a hydrocarbon foam. Embodiments of the compositions of the present invention contain less phosphate ester and crosslinker compared to conventional hydrocarbon gels, and in some embodiments, 75-85% less.
[00014] The phosphate esters which can be used in the compositions of the present invention are made by reacting a mixture of alcohols, such as ethyl, octyl, and decyl alcohol with P205. The resulting products are a mixture of the corresponding mono- and di-phosphate esters. The methods and procedures for making the phosphate esters are well known: see for example, United States Patent Nos. 3,757,864 and 4,007,128. The phosphate esters have the following general formula OH
I
RO P O
I
OR' where R is a straight or branched chain alkyl or an aryl, alkoxy or alkaryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and R' is hydrogen or an aryl, alkoxy or alkaryl group having up to 18 carbon atoms. Preferably, R has a value of from about 8 to 10 carbon 4111661 v3 atoms and R' has less than 6 carbon atoms. Specific aluminum or iron salts which can be used as the crosslinker include aluminum acetate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate and ferric chloride.
Hydrocarbon liquids which can be used include kerosene, diesel oil, gasoline and other suitable aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is known to persons skilled in the art that the liquid hydrocarbons may contain a certain amount of aromatic or other organic liquids.
Suitable gases including air, nitrogen, carbon oxide, and mixtures thereof can be used for foaming compositions according to the present invention.
I
RO P O
I
OR' where R is a straight or branched chain alkyl or an aryl, alkoxy or alkaryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and R' is hydrogen or an aryl, alkoxy or alkaryl group having up to 18 carbon atoms. Preferably, R has a value of from about 8 to 10 carbon 4111661 v3 atoms and R' has less than 6 carbon atoms. Specific aluminum or iron salts which can be used as the crosslinker include aluminum acetate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate and ferric chloride.
Hydrocarbon liquids which can be used include kerosene, diesel oil, gasoline and other suitable aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is known to persons skilled in the art that the liquid hydrocarbons may contain a certain amount of aromatic or other organic liquids.
Suitable gases including air, nitrogen, carbon oxide, and mixtures thereof can be used for foaming compositions according to the present invention.
[00015] Unlike in water-based fluids where the majority of conventional hydrocarbon surfactants can be used as a foaming agent, the hydrocarbon foaming agents which are preferred for use in accordance with the compositions of the present invention are certain fluorinated surfactants such as, FS-910 from Mason Chemical Company, or silicone-base hydrocarbon foaming agents, for example Dow Corning 1250 surfactant from Dow Corning Corporation.
[00016] Optionally, the compositions of the present invention can include a chemical breaker, for example calcium oxide or magnesium oxide, which can reduce the viscosity of the fluid after certain period of time.
[00017] The fluid compositions in accordance with the present invention can find many applications, for instance in hydraulic fracturing, well-bore cleanout, drilling operations and pipeline cleaning. The fluids can be batch mixed or continuously mixed where different agents are added into the hydrocarbon stream while pumping into a well. After an operation using a fluid according to the present invention is completed, the fluid can be flowed out the well and reused. To adequately store a flowback fluid, the fluid is defoamed after use. It has been found that certain conventional defoamers, for example, emulsified silicone oil or 2-ethylhexanol are ineffective in defoaming the fluid. In the present invention it has 4111661 v3 been found that the fluids can be defoamed by short chain alcohol such as methanol or ethanol at relatively low concentrations.
[00018] It is noted that some hydrocarbon gelling agents are not useful for the present invention. For example, aluminum octoate, a well known hydrocarbon gelling agent, detrimentally effects the foam of compositions according to the present invention. For example, it was observed that it took about 20 minutes for 1%
aluminum octoate in Synfrac 800, a fracturing oil, to reach about 10 cp, while the increased viscosity almost completely diminish the foam, regardless of whether a fluoro-base or a silicone-base foaming agent was used.
aluminum octoate in Synfrac 800, a fracturing oil, to reach about 10 cp, while the increased viscosity almost completely diminish the foam, regardless of whether a fluoro-base or a silicone-base foaming agent was used.
[00019] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the components and their concentrations of the compositions according to the present invention are selected to produce compositions that are suitable for use as a well service fluid.
The following examples are presented to illustrate the preparation of fluids according to the present invention and should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention. The foam fluid properties, namely the foam quality and half-life have been measured. The foam quality is quantified as the percentage increase in volume after foaming. Foam half-life is quantified as the time taken when half of the fluid is recovered from the foam.
Example 1 [00020] In test 1, 2 ml of FS-910, a fluoro-base hydrocarbon foaming agent from Mason Chemical Company was added to 100 ml of diesel and then mixed with a high speed blender for 2 minutes at room temperature. In test 2, 2 ml of FS-910, 0.2 ml of HG-2, a phosphate ester, and 0.2 ml of HP-2, a ferric salt solution, were blended into 100m1 of diesel. The mixture was then blended with a high speed blender for 2 minutes. For test 1, the foam quality was 60% and the foam half-life 4111661 v3 was 45 seconds, while for test 2 the foam quality was 50% and the foam half life was greater than one hour.
Example 2 [00021] In test 1, 0.1 ml of L16394A, a fluoro-base hydrocarbon foaming agent from 3M Company, was added into 100 ml diesel and then mixed with a high speed blender for 2 minutes at room temperature. In test 2, 0.1 ml of L16394A, 0.2 ml of HG-2, a phosphate ester, and 0.2 ml of HC-2, an aluminum salt solution, were blended into 100ml diesel. The mixture was then blended with a high speed blender for 2 minutes. For test 1, the foam quality was 60% and the foam half-life was minutes, while for test 2 the foam quality was 56% and the foam half life was greater than one hour.
Example 3 [00022] In test 1, 1 ml of HF-4, a silicone-base hydrocarbon foaming agent from Weatherford Corp., was added into 100 ml diesel and then mixed with a high speed blender for 2 minutes at room temperature. In test 2, 1 ml of HF-4, 0.2 ml of HG-2, a phosphate ester, and 0.2 ml of HC-2, an aluminum salt solution, were blended into 100ml diesel. The mixture was then blended with a high speed blender for 2 minutes. For test 1, the foam quality was 60% and the foam half-life was 80 seconds, while for test 2 the foam quality was 56 % and the foam half life was 15 minutes.
Example 4 [00023] 1 ml of HF-4, 0.2 ml of HG-2, a phosphate ester, and 0.2 ml of HC-2, an aluminum salt solution, were blended into 100ml diesel. The mixture was then blended with a high speed blender for 2 minutes resulting in stable foam with quality of 56%. Adding 2 ml of methanol, the foam disappeared.
4111661 v3
The following examples are presented to illustrate the preparation of fluids according to the present invention and should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention. The foam fluid properties, namely the foam quality and half-life have been measured. The foam quality is quantified as the percentage increase in volume after foaming. Foam half-life is quantified as the time taken when half of the fluid is recovered from the foam.
Example 1 [00020] In test 1, 2 ml of FS-910, a fluoro-base hydrocarbon foaming agent from Mason Chemical Company was added to 100 ml of diesel and then mixed with a high speed blender for 2 minutes at room temperature. In test 2, 2 ml of FS-910, 0.2 ml of HG-2, a phosphate ester, and 0.2 ml of HP-2, a ferric salt solution, were blended into 100m1 of diesel. The mixture was then blended with a high speed blender for 2 minutes. For test 1, the foam quality was 60% and the foam half-life 4111661 v3 was 45 seconds, while for test 2 the foam quality was 50% and the foam half life was greater than one hour.
Example 2 [00021] In test 1, 0.1 ml of L16394A, a fluoro-base hydrocarbon foaming agent from 3M Company, was added into 100 ml diesel and then mixed with a high speed blender for 2 minutes at room temperature. In test 2, 0.1 ml of L16394A, 0.2 ml of HG-2, a phosphate ester, and 0.2 ml of HC-2, an aluminum salt solution, were blended into 100ml diesel. The mixture was then blended with a high speed blender for 2 minutes. For test 1, the foam quality was 60% and the foam half-life was minutes, while for test 2 the foam quality was 56% and the foam half life was greater than one hour.
Example 3 [00022] In test 1, 1 ml of HF-4, a silicone-base hydrocarbon foaming agent from Weatherford Corp., was added into 100 ml diesel and then mixed with a high speed blender for 2 minutes at room temperature. In test 2, 1 ml of HF-4, 0.2 ml of HG-2, a phosphate ester, and 0.2 ml of HC-2, an aluminum salt solution, were blended into 100ml diesel. The mixture was then blended with a high speed blender for 2 minutes. For test 1, the foam quality was 60% and the foam half-life was 80 seconds, while for test 2 the foam quality was 56 % and the foam half life was 15 minutes.
Example 4 [00023] 1 ml of HF-4, 0.2 ml of HG-2, a phosphate ester, and 0.2 ml of HC-2, an aluminum salt solution, were blended into 100ml diesel. The mixture was then blended with a high speed blender for 2 minutes resulting in stable foam with quality of 56%. Adding 2 ml of methanol, the foam disappeared.
4111661 v3
Claims (22)
1. A composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon, a phosphate ester, a crosslinker, and a hydrocarbon foaming agent.
2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is a fluid.
3. The well service fluid composition according to claim 2 wherein the fluid is a foamed fluid.
4. The composition according to claims 2 or 3 wherein the fluid is a well service fluid.
5. The well service fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the amount of phosphate ester is less than the amount required to gel the composition without the foaming agent.
6. The well service fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the crosslinker is an aluminum salt or ferric salt.
7. The well service fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the crosslinker is aluminum acetate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate or ferric chloride.
8. The well service fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon is an aliphatic hydrocarbon.
9. The well service fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the foaming agent is a fluoro-based compound.
10. The well service fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the foaming agent is a silicone-based compound.
11. The well service fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further including a chemical breaker.
12. The well service fluid composition according to claim 11, wherein the chemical breaker is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide.
13. The well service fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 further including a defoaming agent.
14. The well service fluid composition according to claim 13 wherein the defoaming agent is a short chain alcohol.
15. The well service fluid composition according to claim 14 wherein the alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
16. The use of a fluid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in well service.
17. The use of a fluid composition according to claim 16, wherein the well service consists of hydraulic fracturing.
18. The use of a composition according to claim 16, wherein the well service is drilling.
19. The use of a composition according to claim 16, wherein the well service is wellbore cleanout.
20. The use of a composition according to claim 16, wherein the well service is pipeline cleaning.
21. A method for defoaming a foamed hydrocarbon-based well service fluid comprising the step of adding a short chain alcohol.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the defoaming agent is methanol or ethanol.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002572891A CA2572891A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2007-01-04 | Hydrocarbon fluids and methods of using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002531982A CA2531982A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2006-01-04 | A hydrocarbon fluid composition and the method of use |
| CA2,531,982 | 2006-01-04 | ||
| CA002572891A CA2572891A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2007-01-04 | Hydrocarbon fluids and methods of using same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2572891A1 true CA2572891A1 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
Family
ID=38229474
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002572891A Abandoned CA2572891A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2007-01-04 | Hydrocarbon fluids and methods of using same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2572891A1 (en) |
-
2007
- 2007-01-04 CA CA002572891A patent/CA2572891A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20140616 |
|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20140616 |