CA2557704A1 - Method and apparatus for actuating a self-flushing toilet having a dual threshold sensor - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for actuating a self-flushing toilet having a dual threshold sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CA2557704A1 CA2557704A1 CA 2557704 CA2557704A CA2557704A1 CA 2557704 A1 CA2557704 A1 CA 2557704A1 CA 2557704 CA2557704 CA 2557704 CA 2557704 A CA2557704 A CA 2557704A CA 2557704 A1 CA2557704 A1 CA 2557704A1
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- toilet
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
- E03D5/00—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system
- E03D5/10—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated electrically, e.g. by a photo-cell; also combined with devices for opening or closing shutters in the bowl outlet and/or with devices for raising/or lowering seat and cover and/or for swiveling the bowl
- E03D5/105—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated electrically, e.g. by a photo-cell; also combined with devices for opening or closing shutters in the bowl outlet and/or with devices for raising/or lowering seat and cover and/or for swiveling the bowl touchless, e.g. using sensors
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
Abstract
A method of actuating a self-flushing toilet is provided wherein an electronic circuit having a dual threshold sensor system controls the flushing mechanism of the toilet.
The circuit includes a pair of pulsating infrared LED's and detection circuitry for establishing a close proximity and extended range threshold. Signal processing within the circuit creates a logical trigger pulse from a reflected signal received in response to the circuit determining that a user of the toilet has entered on of both thresholds. Detection circuitry is provided for determining that the user of the toilet has release at least one of the thresholds and for directing a control signal to a plurality of output drives. The solenoid activated flushing mechanism, a solenoid activated chemical mixing valve and a rotation seat motor can be coupled to the circuit output drives.
The circuit includes a pair of pulsating infrared LED's and detection circuitry for establishing a close proximity and extended range threshold. Signal processing within the circuit creates a logical trigger pulse from a reflected signal received in response to the circuit determining that a user of the toilet has entered on of both thresholds. Detection circuitry is provided for determining that the user of the toilet has release at least one of the thresholds and for directing a control signal to a plurality of output drives. The solenoid activated flushing mechanism, a solenoid activated chemical mixing valve and a rotation seat motor can be coupled to the circuit output drives.
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING A SELF-FLUSHING
TOILET HAVING A DUAL THRESHOLD SENSOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention This invention relates to self-flushing toilets. More particularly, it relates to a method if actuating a self-flushing toilet having a dual trip sensor threshold.
TOILET HAVING A DUAL THRESHOLD SENSOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention This invention relates to self-flushing toilets. More particularly, it relates to a method if actuating a self-flushing toilet having a dual trip sensor threshold.
2. Description of Prior Art.
Hands free self-actuation bathroom fixtures, such as toilet and faucets are known in the prior art. These types of self-actuating devices were invented to combat the public's growing concern over transmittal of infections in public areas such as public restrooms.
Self-actuating bathroom fixtures are typically employed in airports, shopping malls and sport/concert venues and are becoming increasingly popular. In fact, due to large number of people using public restrooms in anyone of the aforementioned locations, on any given day, many locales are now mandating that self-actuating fixtures be exclusively employed in their public restrooms.
A typical prior art self-actuating bathroom fixture operates by detecting the presence of a body in front of the fixture through the use of an infrared signal, although many other types of sensors known in the prior art can be used. The fixture actuates when the single threshold related to the infrared signal is broken and then released. In the case of a toilet, the sensor determines the user is present in front of the toilet and thereafter actuates (i.e.
flushes) when it determines that the user has moved outside of a predetermined threshold.
These single threshold systems can employ either active or passive infrared technology.
Passive infrared ( PIR ) systems operate by first detecting the presence of a body in front of the fixture, such as, for example, a toilet, by measuring the proximity between the infrared sensor located on the toilet and the infrared emitting body ( i.e. a person using the toilet ). Active infrared (IR) systems operate by pulsing an infrared light source at a periodic rate and then measuring the strength of the reflected signal to determine the distance between the sensor (the infrared light source) and the detected body (the person using the toilet). In both systems, once the threshold is released, the toilet actuates the flushing sequence. In other words, when the person is done using the toilet and walks away, the toilet flushes.
Single threshold systems have proven to work well with urinals for men since a urinalis simply approached, used and then moved away from. However, if a single threshold system is employed in a traditional toilet (one that can be sat upon), the single threshold system has proven to be deficient since the sensitivity of the sensor must be set for someone to stand in front of the toilet as well as sit upon it. Accordingly, the infrared sensor does not recognize hat a person who sat upon the toilet seat has now stood up.
Only after walking away from the toilet, does it flush. It is, of course, advantageous to have the toilet flush immediately upon completion of the excretion process regardless if it is urination or defecation. If not, and the user has sat down upon the toilet seat, finished excreting, stood up and is reapplying their clothing, the excrement in the toilet bowl remains therein. It is desirable to have all excrement in the toilet bowl flush into the sewer system as soon as the excretion process is completed. An improvement over these known prior art self-actuating toilets utilizing infrared sensors is clearly needed whereby the toilet flushes wither immediately upon standing up from the bowl or immediately upon walking away from the bowl if it has not been sat upon, but never flushing the bowl twice in the case of where a person sits on the bowl and then walks away thereafter.
Hands free self-actuation bathroom fixtures, such as toilet and faucets are known in the prior art. These types of self-actuating devices were invented to combat the public's growing concern over transmittal of infections in public areas such as public restrooms.
Self-actuating bathroom fixtures are typically employed in airports, shopping malls and sport/concert venues and are becoming increasingly popular. In fact, due to large number of people using public restrooms in anyone of the aforementioned locations, on any given day, many locales are now mandating that self-actuating fixtures be exclusively employed in their public restrooms.
A typical prior art self-actuating bathroom fixture operates by detecting the presence of a body in front of the fixture through the use of an infrared signal, although many other types of sensors known in the prior art can be used. The fixture actuates when the single threshold related to the infrared signal is broken and then released. In the case of a toilet, the sensor determines the user is present in front of the toilet and thereafter actuates (i.e.
flushes) when it determines that the user has moved outside of a predetermined threshold.
These single threshold systems can employ either active or passive infrared technology.
Passive infrared ( PIR ) systems operate by first detecting the presence of a body in front of the fixture, such as, for example, a toilet, by measuring the proximity between the infrared sensor located on the toilet and the infrared emitting body ( i.e. a person using the toilet ). Active infrared (IR) systems operate by pulsing an infrared light source at a periodic rate and then measuring the strength of the reflected signal to determine the distance between the sensor (the infrared light source) and the detected body (the person using the toilet). In both systems, once the threshold is released, the toilet actuates the flushing sequence. In other words, when the person is done using the toilet and walks away, the toilet flushes.
Single threshold systems have proven to work well with urinals for men since a urinalis simply approached, used and then moved away from. However, if a single threshold system is employed in a traditional toilet (one that can be sat upon), the single threshold system has proven to be deficient since the sensitivity of the sensor must be set for someone to stand in front of the toilet as well as sit upon it. Accordingly, the infrared sensor does not recognize hat a person who sat upon the toilet seat has now stood up.
Only after walking away from the toilet, does it flush. It is, of course, advantageous to have the toilet flush immediately upon completion of the excretion process regardless if it is urination or defecation. If not, and the user has sat down upon the toilet seat, finished excreting, stood up and is reapplying their clothing, the excrement in the toilet bowl remains therein. It is desirable to have all excrement in the toilet bowl flush into the sewer system as soon as the excretion process is completed. An improvement over these known prior art self-actuating toilets utilizing infrared sensors is clearly needed whereby the toilet flushes wither immediately upon standing up from the bowl or immediately upon walking away from the bowl if it has not been sat upon, but never flushing the bowl twice in the case of where a person sits on the bowl and then walks away thereafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I have invented an improved sensor system for use with self-actuating bathroom fixtures.
This system employs a dual threshold infrared sensor system that works particularly well with traditional self-actuating toilets. This system employs active infrared sensors that periodically pulse a light source. The strength of the reflected signal is measured to determine whether one or both thresholds have been broken. If so, the system stands ready to activate a flushing mechanism upon sensing that either one of the two thresholds has been released. A time delay element is introduced into the system to avoid false detection that helps reduce unnecessary flushing. The improved system can be either battery powered or powered from any suitable AC wall receptacle.
Additional features include circuitry having light indicators for measuring and notifying the toilet maintenance operator of the number of flushes that have occurred. This helps in determining whether services may need to be performed on the system or that a canister of cleaning chemicals, which forms part of the automatic flushing and cleaning system needs to be replaced. Further, a circuitry is being added to indicate that the battery voltage has fallen below a predetermined preferred operating level, thereby permitting the toilet maintenance operators to either replace the battery or switch to an AC power source. Additional circuitry is included to indicate that the user has moved within a detection range. A bi-colored (red/green) LED gives a visual status indication with green representing a stand-by state (where no user is detected) and red indicating that the user has moved within detection range. A flush cycle will commence when the user has finished and moved beyond the detection range at which time the bi-colored LED
returns to the green stand-by state. If no activity is sensed in a 24 hour period, one flush will be activated and performed so as to refresh the water in the bowl BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention may best be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed descriptions when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig.l - Illustrates a novel dual threshold sensor system for use in self-actuating toilets of the present invention;
Fig 2 - is a flow diagram of the logic followed by the circuitry of the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention;
Fig 3 - is a first of two parts of a block diagram of the major components of the circuitry used in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention;
Fig 4 - is a second of two parts of the block diagram of the major circuits of the circuitry used in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention;
Fig 5 - is a block diagram of the DC power supply circuit used in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention;
Fig 6A - is the first of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the power supply circuits;
Fig 6B - is the second of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the binary counter circuits;
Fig 6C - is the third of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the set-reset, flip-flop components and a portion of the flush sequence timer circuits;
Fig 6D - is the fourth of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical components employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the remaining portion of the flush sequence timer circuits and the output drive circuits;
Fig 6E - is the fifth of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the pulsed infrared LED circuits, the photo diode amplifier and the hi-pass filter with gain circuits;
Fig 6F - is the sixth of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the dual threshold circuits,, the triggered one-shot circuits and the integrator and time delay circuits; and Fig 6G - is the seventh of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the internal reference circuits and the low battery and counter indicators.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Throughout the following detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements install figures.
Referring to Fig. 1, a toilet is shown which employs a dual threshold sensor system of the present invention. The purpose of the sensor system is to determine whether a person has approached and used the toilet so that it can be automatically flushed without the need for the person to make any physical contact with a mechanical flushing mechanism or actuator of the toilet. The sensor system is provided on a circuit board that interfaces with the flushing mechanism. Nothing herein limits that the sensor system be employed on a circuit board. In fact, Figs 6A through 6G depicts a two board design whereby a cable interconnects the two boards, and thereby electrically couples the two boards at J3 of Fig 6A and J
1 of Fig 6G.
The cabling can be six-conductor phone cable or other like suitable cabling.
Nothing herein limits that the sensor system be used only with toilets. However, the preferred use is with a self-actuated automatic flushing and cleaning toilet.
Two sensor detection thresholds are employed to accommodate either a man who stands in front of the toilet or a man or woman who sits upon the toilet seat as shown in Fig 1.
The sensor system of the present invention, embodied within the circuit, employs an active infrared sensor system that pulses an infrared light signal from a pair of infrared LED's (D2 and D4 of Fig 6E). Two LED's are used to improve the intensity of the infrared signal.
Threshold 1 is the extended range signal whereas threshold 2 is the close proximity signal.
In the preferred embodiment, the LED's simultaneously pulse at a periodic rate, such as, for example, every 1.5 seconds. As shown in Fig. 3, the pulsed signal is reflected off the user of the toilet and detected by a photo-diode amplifier (D3 Pin of Fig 6E.) Even if the extended range signal (threshold 1) is broken, the close proximity signal (threshold 2) continues to pulse at a periodic rate to determine whether the user has also broken threshold 2 in addition to thresholdl. The reflected signal detected by photo-diode amplifier D3 is then conditioned by a high pass filter circuit with gain (generally depicted by U2: A, U2: B
and U2: C in Fig 6E). The resulting signal outputted from the high pass filter with gain is sinusoidal waveform having a very short wavelength (just a few milliseconds -3ms in the preferred embodiment) and low amplitude (millivolts). The amplitude of the sinusoidal waveform is dependent upon the proximity of the user in relation to the toilet such that a signal outputted from the high pass filter with gain has larger amplitude when the close proximity signal (threshold 2) has been broken and a small amplitude when the extended range signal (threshold 1) has been broken. And, as set forth above, a discernable time intervals provided in between each pulse with 1.5 second intervals being used in the preferred embodiment.
When no user is within the proximity of the toilet, the signals will have some amplitude level but not at a level high enough to activate the circuit controlling the flushing mechanism sequence of the toilet.
Since the sinusoidal waveform, having the relatively small amplitude and duration, cannot be relied upon to accurately trigger the circuits used to activate he flushing mechanism of the toilet, and since a pair of thresholds are needed to properly operate the novel dual threshold sensor system circuit of the present invention, the sinusoidal waveform is converted into a more useful logical trigger pulse. In particular, as shown in Fig. 3, a pair of voltage threshold logical trigger pulses is created, one each for the close proximity signal ( threshold 2 ) and for the extended range signal ( threshold 1). The trigger pulses have predetermined amplitude of 12 volts and resemble very narrow negative square waves wherein the duration of each pulse is only about 3 milliseconds (3 mS). The pulses are outputted from U3: A fro the close proximity signal and U3: B for the extended range signal (shown in Fig. 6F). These trigger pulses are created from the positive portion of the sinusoidal waveform; the negative portion of the sinusoidal waveform is not utilized in the circuit.
With continuing reference to Fig. 3, it is shown that the trigger pulses forming the voltage thresholds are directed to the triggered one-shot portion of the circuit (shown in Fig. 6F). In particular, a pair of IC's (U4: A and U4: B of Fig. 6F) are employed to create the triggered one-shot output having a square-shaped waveform. The square wave has a duration ("on-time") of 1.35 seconds that represents 90% duty cycle ( 1.35 second duration/1.5 second repetition rate = 0.9).
Prior to directing the outputted square wave signals of the triggered one-shots for both thresholds to any detection circuitry, the signals are inputted through respective integrators and time delay elements as depicted in Fig. 3. In particular, a pair of comparators are employed (U3: B and U3: D of Fig. 6F) each having their own RC time constant (Rl0-C3 and R27-C5 respectively of Fig. 6F). This portion of the circuit helps to eliminate false detection, and therefore false flushing, by introducing a time delay to the trigger circuit. If the time delay was not introduced into the circuit, a false flush could occur when a person passes in front of the infrared sensors. In the embodiment, an eight second time delay is employed. Accordingly, if someone approached toilet bad breaks threshold 1 or both threshold I and threshold 2, that person must not release (stand up or walk away from) threshold 1 or 2 for at least eight seconds. If this happens, the toilet will not flush. The delay time is determined by the time it take the integrator to reach the comparator threshold. The actual time delay can be changed from that of the preferred eight seconds, depending on the use of the automatic flushing toilet. Accordingly, nothing herein limits the actual time delay that can be used with the circuit employed in the present invention.
With continuing reference to Fig. 3, it is shown that the two threshold signals, after passing through the integrator with time delay circuitry, and directed to detection logic circuitry. In particular, a set-reset flip-flop IC is employed (U4: A of Fig.
6C). Flip-flop U4:
A is set when either or both thresholds are broken for at least eight seconds (the time delay elements). Thereafter, when either threshold is released, the flip-flop U4: A
resets and initiates the flushing sequence. In the preferred embodiment, the flushing sequence activates within three to four seconds. This time delay is introduced by the same R/C
networks in Fig 6F that are used to minimize false detection. As illustrated in Fig.4, the components employed in the flush sequence control timer circuit include an IC U4: C (see figure 6C) and plurality of comparators U3: A, U3: B, U3: C and U3: D (see Fig. 6D). The comparators of U3 are used to create a sequence of time delays for control of the output drive circuits.
With references for Fig. 4, it is shown that the output of the flip-flop U4:A, after passing through the flush sequence timer circuitry, is directed to a plurality of output drives controlling the flushing mechanism, a solenoid activated release and a seat rotation motor of toilet. As shown in Fig 6D, the output drives include transistor Q10 and interconnects J1:3 and J1:4 for the flushing mechanism output. Q12 and interconnects J 1:5 and J
1:6 for the solenoid output and Q14 and interconnects J1:7 and J1:8 for the rotating seat motor output.
In the preferred embodiment, all three output drives are connected to their respective mechanism, solenoid or motor. However, nothing herein limits the circuit of the present invention to interconnect only one of the output drives or a combination of any two or more of the output drives.
When the solenoid output activated valve is utilized, it is understood that a container of sanitizing chemicals is employed of which an outlet port is controlled by the infusion of water controlled by the solenoid. Likewise, when the rotation seat motor is utilized, it is understood that the motor is operated by the seat output drive. Further, to those toilets having a rotating seat, a current sensing element R26 and R27 (Fig. 6D) and an overload detection circuit R29, C 12 and Q 15 (Fig. 6C) are provided to sense any excessive, sustained increased in the current draw of the rotating seat motor and to disable the motor in response to the current draw increase. An increase in the current draw of the rotating seat motor could occur when the seat becomes jammed, thereby precluding its rotation, or if the user permits the flushing sequence to activate and thereafter sits back down on the seat before the rotating seat stops. In the preferred embodiment, the approximate response time to an overload is less than 100mS.
With reference to fig. 6c, it is shown that a manual trigger interconnects J
1:9 and J 1:10 are provided. This permits the toilet to be flushed by use of an activation button coupled to interconnect J 1:9 and J 1:10 should the sensor circuit fail or if there is a need for a second flush to the toilet bowl waste. In the preferred embodiment, the approximate response time for the manual trigger is virtually instantaneous.
With reference to figs. 6B and 6C, an interface circuit is provided to yield a low impedance signal path between the two circuit boards. As set forth above, the circuit used in the present invention can be embodied in a single circuit board or be split between two circuit boards as represented by figs. 6A-6G. When two circuit boards are employed, an interconnect (JI and J3) is provided between the two boards. The interface circuit, generally constructed by Q8 and Q9 of fig. 6B and Q11 and Q13 of fig. 6c, is provided to eliminate the circuit's susceptibility to EMI (electro-magnetic interface) and to RFl (radio frequency interference).
As illustrated in fig. 4, a binary counter is provided for the purpose of keeping track of the number of flushing sequences that have occurred over a period of time.
Upon reaching the pre-set number, an amber-colored LED (see fig. 6G) illuminates to indicate that the pre-set number of flushes has been reached. In the preferred embodiment, the counter is set to trip at twelve hundred and eighty (1280) flushes, although nothing herein limits the number that can be used for the pre-set trip counter. Referring to fig. 6B, the binary counter circuit is shown wherein IC U I is employed.
Referring to fig. 6A, it is shown that a power supply circuit is employed in the circuit used in the present invention for the purpose of supplying a regulated DC
power source to the overall circuit. Interconnects J1:1 and J1:2 permit a 12v DC battery to be coupled to the circuit. Interconnects J2:1 and J2:2 permit a charger to be coupled to the circuit for the purpose of recharging the battery and simultaneously powering the circuit. A
slide switch, S1, is provided as and on-off switch for the entire circuit. The power supply circuit provides a regulated 9.5 volts which is common to all of the individual circuits of the overall circuit.
An LED, D14 is provided (see fig. 6G) for the purpose of indicating that a power drop has occurred and has been detected by under-voltage detection circuitry of the power supply circuit. In the preferred embodiment, LED, D14 is yellow and will illuminate when the power supply drops below 9.5 volts The novel dual threshold sensor system of the present invention is preferably installed within a traditional toilet having automatic flushing and cleaning mechanisms can include bowl flushing, bowl sanitization, and seat sanitization by rotating under a cleaning brush or stationary rubber wiper. The sanitization is affected through the use of chemicals contained within the container.
To practice the method of the present invention utilizing the novel circuit described above, the following steps are perforrned as depicted in fig. 2. With the circuit installed within a back portion 12 (see fig. 1) of toilet present in front of toilet 10, the system remains in a standby mode. A query is made whether threshold 1 has been triggered (signal broken by detecting a reflected signal). If the answer is "no", then the system remains in standby. If the answer is "yes", another query is made whether threshold 2 has been triggered.
Regardless of the answer, another query is made whether either threshold 1 or 2 has been released (either threshold no longer detecting a reflected signal. If the answer is "'no" the same query is continually made- has either threshold one or two been released? Upon an answer of "yes"
the flushing sequence is activated.
The novel method of flushing a toilet of the present invention utilizes a dual threshold sensor system could be accomplished with other technologies than that of the preferred embodiment described hereinabove. For instance, ultrasonic detectors, microwave (radar) detectors, capacities or RF proximity detectors or a dual beam detectors system could all be employed to accomplish the method of the present invention. In a dual beam detection system, two independent beams that are located in positions that are transverse to the top of the toilet. Seat would be employed. In other words, two detectors could be fastened to the sides of the toilet stall wall. One detector would be positioned to detect a seated user while the second detector would be positioned to detect a standing user. This type of system would require the user to interrupt either a reflected beam or a transmitted beam where there is an independent light source (transmitter) and detector (receiver).
As for counting the number of flushes, this can also be accomplished through alternate embodiments, such as, for example, a conventional electro-mechanical or electronic counter.
The low battery indication can also be accomplished through alternate embodiments, such as, for example, small electro-magnetic latching solenoids, a liquid crystal display (LCD) or other visuals and/or auditory indicators.
Equivalent elements can be substituted for the ones set forth above such that they perform the same function in the same way for achieving the same result.
I have invented an improved sensor system for use with self-actuating bathroom fixtures.
This system employs a dual threshold infrared sensor system that works particularly well with traditional self-actuating toilets. This system employs active infrared sensors that periodically pulse a light source. The strength of the reflected signal is measured to determine whether one or both thresholds have been broken. If so, the system stands ready to activate a flushing mechanism upon sensing that either one of the two thresholds has been released. A time delay element is introduced into the system to avoid false detection that helps reduce unnecessary flushing. The improved system can be either battery powered or powered from any suitable AC wall receptacle.
Additional features include circuitry having light indicators for measuring and notifying the toilet maintenance operator of the number of flushes that have occurred. This helps in determining whether services may need to be performed on the system or that a canister of cleaning chemicals, which forms part of the automatic flushing and cleaning system needs to be replaced. Further, a circuitry is being added to indicate that the battery voltage has fallen below a predetermined preferred operating level, thereby permitting the toilet maintenance operators to either replace the battery or switch to an AC power source. Additional circuitry is included to indicate that the user has moved within a detection range. A bi-colored (red/green) LED gives a visual status indication with green representing a stand-by state (where no user is detected) and red indicating that the user has moved within detection range. A flush cycle will commence when the user has finished and moved beyond the detection range at which time the bi-colored LED
returns to the green stand-by state. If no activity is sensed in a 24 hour period, one flush will be activated and performed so as to refresh the water in the bowl BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention may best be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed descriptions when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig.l - Illustrates a novel dual threshold sensor system for use in self-actuating toilets of the present invention;
Fig 2 - is a flow diagram of the logic followed by the circuitry of the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention;
Fig 3 - is a first of two parts of a block diagram of the major components of the circuitry used in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention;
Fig 4 - is a second of two parts of the block diagram of the major circuits of the circuitry used in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention;
Fig 5 - is a block diagram of the DC power supply circuit used in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention;
Fig 6A - is the first of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the power supply circuits;
Fig 6B - is the second of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the binary counter circuits;
Fig 6C - is the third of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the set-reset, flip-flop components and a portion of the flush sequence timer circuits;
Fig 6D - is the fourth of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical components employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the remaining portion of the flush sequence timer circuits and the output drive circuits;
Fig 6E - is the fifth of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the pulsed infrared LED circuits, the photo diode amplifier and the hi-pass filter with gain circuits;
Fig 6F - is the sixth of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the dual threshold circuits,, the triggered one-shot circuits and the integrator and time delay circuits; and Fig 6G - is the seventh of seven parts of an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a portion of the electrical circuits employed in the dual threshold sensor system of the present invention, and in particular the internal reference circuits and the low battery and counter indicators.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Throughout the following detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements install figures.
Referring to Fig. 1, a toilet is shown which employs a dual threshold sensor system of the present invention. The purpose of the sensor system is to determine whether a person has approached and used the toilet so that it can be automatically flushed without the need for the person to make any physical contact with a mechanical flushing mechanism or actuator of the toilet. The sensor system is provided on a circuit board that interfaces with the flushing mechanism. Nothing herein limits that the sensor system be employed on a circuit board. In fact, Figs 6A through 6G depicts a two board design whereby a cable interconnects the two boards, and thereby electrically couples the two boards at J3 of Fig 6A and J
1 of Fig 6G.
The cabling can be six-conductor phone cable or other like suitable cabling.
Nothing herein limits that the sensor system be used only with toilets. However, the preferred use is with a self-actuated automatic flushing and cleaning toilet.
Two sensor detection thresholds are employed to accommodate either a man who stands in front of the toilet or a man or woman who sits upon the toilet seat as shown in Fig 1.
The sensor system of the present invention, embodied within the circuit, employs an active infrared sensor system that pulses an infrared light signal from a pair of infrared LED's (D2 and D4 of Fig 6E). Two LED's are used to improve the intensity of the infrared signal.
Threshold 1 is the extended range signal whereas threshold 2 is the close proximity signal.
In the preferred embodiment, the LED's simultaneously pulse at a periodic rate, such as, for example, every 1.5 seconds. As shown in Fig. 3, the pulsed signal is reflected off the user of the toilet and detected by a photo-diode amplifier (D3 Pin of Fig 6E.) Even if the extended range signal (threshold 1) is broken, the close proximity signal (threshold 2) continues to pulse at a periodic rate to determine whether the user has also broken threshold 2 in addition to thresholdl. The reflected signal detected by photo-diode amplifier D3 is then conditioned by a high pass filter circuit with gain (generally depicted by U2: A, U2: B
and U2: C in Fig 6E). The resulting signal outputted from the high pass filter with gain is sinusoidal waveform having a very short wavelength (just a few milliseconds -3ms in the preferred embodiment) and low amplitude (millivolts). The amplitude of the sinusoidal waveform is dependent upon the proximity of the user in relation to the toilet such that a signal outputted from the high pass filter with gain has larger amplitude when the close proximity signal (threshold 2) has been broken and a small amplitude when the extended range signal (threshold 1) has been broken. And, as set forth above, a discernable time intervals provided in between each pulse with 1.5 second intervals being used in the preferred embodiment.
When no user is within the proximity of the toilet, the signals will have some amplitude level but not at a level high enough to activate the circuit controlling the flushing mechanism sequence of the toilet.
Since the sinusoidal waveform, having the relatively small amplitude and duration, cannot be relied upon to accurately trigger the circuits used to activate he flushing mechanism of the toilet, and since a pair of thresholds are needed to properly operate the novel dual threshold sensor system circuit of the present invention, the sinusoidal waveform is converted into a more useful logical trigger pulse. In particular, as shown in Fig. 3, a pair of voltage threshold logical trigger pulses is created, one each for the close proximity signal ( threshold 2 ) and for the extended range signal ( threshold 1). The trigger pulses have predetermined amplitude of 12 volts and resemble very narrow negative square waves wherein the duration of each pulse is only about 3 milliseconds (3 mS). The pulses are outputted from U3: A fro the close proximity signal and U3: B for the extended range signal (shown in Fig. 6F). These trigger pulses are created from the positive portion of the sinusoidal waveform; the negative portion of the sinusoidal waveform is not utilized in the circuit.
With continuing reference to Fig. 3, it is shown that the trigger pulses forming the voltage thresholds are directed to the triggered one-shot portion of the circuit (shown in Fig. 6F). In particular, a pair of IC's (U4: A and U4: B of Fig. 6F) are employed to create the triggered one-shot output having a square-shaped waveform. The square wave has a duration ("on-time") of 1.35 seconds that represents 90% duty cycle ( 1.35 second duration/1.5 second repetition rate = 0.9).
Prior to directing the outputted square wave signals of the triggered one-shots for both thresholds to any detection circuitry, the signals are inputted through respective integrators and time delay elements as depicted in Fig. 3. In particular, a pair of comparators are employed (U3: B and U3: D of Fig. 6F) each having their own RC time constant (Rl0-C3 and R27-C5 respectively of Fig. 6F). This portion of the circuit helps to eliminate false detection, and therefore false flushing, by introducing a time delay to the trigger circuit. If the time delay was not introduced into the circuit, a false flush could occur when a person passes in front of the infrared sensors. In the embodiment, an eight second time delay is employed. Accordingly, if someone approached toilet bad breaks threshold 1 or both threshold I and threshold 2, that person must not release (stand up or walk away from) threshold 1 or 2 for at least eight seconds. If this happens, the toilet will not flush. The delay time is determined by the time it take the integrator to reach the comparator threshold. The actual time delay can be changed from that of the preferred eight seconds, depending on the use of the automatic flushing toilet. Accordingly, nothing herein limits the actual time delay that can be used with the circuit employed in the present invention.
With continuing reference to Fig. 3, it is shown that the two threshold signals, after passing through the integrator with time delay circuitry, and directed to detection logic circuitry. In particular, a set-reset flip-flop IC is employed (U4: A of Fig.
6C). Flip-flop U4:
A is set when either or both thresholds are broken for at least eight seconds (the time delay elements). Thereafter, when either threshold is released, the flip-flop U4: A
resets and initiates the flushing sequence. In the preferred embodiment, the flushing sequence activates within three to four seconds. This time delay is introduced by the same R/C
networks in Fig 6F that are used to minimize false detection. As illustrated in Fig.4, the components employed in the flush sequence control timer circuit include an IC U4: C (see figure 6C) and plurality of comparators U3: A, U3: B, U3: C and U3: D (see Fig. 6D). The comparators of U3 are used to create a sequence of time delays for control of the output drive circuits.
With references for Fig. 4, it is shown that the output of the flip-flop U4:A, after passing through the flush sequence timer circuitry, is directed to a plurality of output drives controlling the flushing mechanism, a solenoid activated release and a seat rotation motor of toilet. As shown in Fig 6D, the output drives include transistor Q10 and interconnects J1:3 and J1:4 for the flushing mechanism output. Q12 and interconnects J 1:5 and J
1:6 for the solenoid output and Q14 and interconnects J1:7 and J1:8 for the rotating seat motor output.
In the preferred embodiment, all three output drives are connected to their respective mechanism, solenoid or motor. However, nothing herein limits the circuit of the present invention to interconnect only one of the output drives or a combination of any two or more of the output drives.
When the solenoid output activated valve is utilized, it is understood that a container of sanitizing chemicals is employed of which an outlet port is controlled by the infusion of water controlled by the solenoid. Likewise, when the rotation seat motor is utilized, it is understood that the motor is operated by the seat output drive. Further, to those toilets having a rotating seat, a current sensing element R26 and R27 (Fig. 6D) and an overload detection circuit R29, C 12 and Q 15 (Fig. 6C) are provided to sense any excessive, sustained increased in the current draw of the rotating seat motor and to disable the motor in response to the current draw increase. An increase in the current draw of the rotating seat motor could occur when the seat becomes jammed, thereby precluding its rotation, or if the user permits the flushing sequence to activate and thereafter sits back down on the seat before the rotating seat stops. In the preferred embodiment, the approximate response time to an overload is less than 100mS.
With reference to fig. 6c, it is shown that a manual trigger interconnects J
1:9 and J 1:10 are provided. This permits the toilet to be flushed by use of an activation button coupled to interconnect J 1:9 and J 1:10 should the sensor circuit fail or if there is a need for a second flush to the toilet bowl waste. In the preferred embodiment, the approximate response time for the manual trigger is virtually instantaneous.
With reference to figs. 6B and 6C, an interface circuit is provided to yield a low impedance signal path between the two circuit boards. As set forth above, the circuit used in the present invention can be embodied in a single circuit board or be split between two circuit boards as represented by figs. 6A-6G. When two circuit boards are employed, an interconnect (JI and J3) is provided between the two boards. The interface circuit, generally constructed by Q8 and Q9 of fig. 6B and Q11 and Q13 of fig. 6c, is provided to eliminate the circuit's susceptibility to EMI (electro-magnetic interface) and to RFl (radio frequency interference).
As illustrated in fig. 4, a binary counter is provided for the purpose of keeping track of the number of flushing sequences that have occurred over a period of time.
Upon reaching the pre-set number, an amber-colored LED (see fig. 6G) illuminates to indicate that the pre-set number of flushes has been reached. In the preferred embodiment, the counter is set to trip at twelve hundred and eighty (1280) flushes, although nothing herein limits the number that can be used for the pre-set trip counter. Referring to fig. 6B, the binary counter circuit is shown wherein IC U I is employed.
Referring to fig. 6A, it is shown that a power supply circuit is employed in the circuit used in the present invention for the purpose of supplying a regulated DC
power source to the overall circuit. Interconnects J1:1 and J1:2 permit a 12v DC battery to be coupled to the circuit. Interconnects J2:1 and J2:2 permit a charger to be coupled to the circuit for the purpose of recharging the battery and simultaneously powering the circuit. A
slide switch, S1, is provided as and on-off switch for the entire circuit. The power supply circuit provides a regulated 9.5 volts which is common to all of the individual circuits of the overall circuit.
An LED, D14 is provided (see fig. 6G) for the purpose of indicating that a power drop has occurred and has been detected by under-voltage detection circuitry of the power supply circuit. In the preferred embodiment, LED, D14 is yellow and will illuminate when the power supply drops below 9.5 volts The novel dual threshold sensor system of the present invention is preferably installed within a traditional toilet having automatic flushing and cleaning mechanisms can include bowl flushing, bowl sanitization, and seat sanitization by rotating under a cleaning brush or stationary rubber wiper. The sanitization is affected through the use of chemicals contained within the container.
To practice the method of the present invention utilizing the novel circuit described above, the following steps are perforrned as depicted in fig. 2. With the circuit installed within a back portion 12 (see fig. 1) of toilet present in front of toilet 10, the system remains in a standby mode. A query is made whether threshold 1 has been triggered (signal broken by detecting a reflected signal). If the answer is "no", then the system remains in standby. If the answer is "yes", another query is made whether threshold 2 has been triggered.
Regardless of the answer, another query is made whether either threshold 1 or 2 has been released (either threshold no longer detecting a reflected signal. If the answer is "'no" the same query is continually made- has either threshold one or two been released? Upon an answer of "yes"
the flushing sequence is activated.
The novel method of flushing a toilet of the present invention utilizes a dual threshold sensor system could be accomplished with other technologies than that of the preferred embodiment described hereinabove. For instance, ultrasonic detectors, microwave (radar) detectors, capacities or RF proximity detectors or a dual beam detectors system could all be employed to accomplish the method of the present invention. In a dual beam detection system, two independent beams that are located in positions that are transverse to the top of the toilet. Seat would be employed. In other words, two detectors could be fastened to the sides of the toilet stall wall. One detector would be positioned to detect a seated user while the second detector would be positioned to detect a standing user. This type of system would require the user to interrupt either a reflected beam or a transmitted beam where there is an independent light source (transmitter) and detector (receiver).
As for counting the number of flushes, this can also be accomplished through alternate embodiments, such as, for example, a conventional electro-mechanical or electronic counter.
The low battery indication can also be accomplished through alternate embodiments, such as, for example, small electro-magnetic latching solenoids, a liquid crystal display (LCD) or other visuals and/or auditory indicators.
Equivalent elements can be substituted for the ones set forth above such that they perform the same function in the same way for achieving the same result.
Claims (20)
1. A method if activating a self -flushing toilet having a bowl portion and a flushing mechanism, the steps of the method comprising:
a) Providing an electronic circuit having a dual threshold sensor for emitting a pair of signals out over the toilet bowl portion, the pair of signals capable of detecting the presence of a user within close proximity to the toilet, a first of the pair of signals capable of detecting the presence of the user at a pre-defined range further than a pre-defined range of a second of the pair of signals, b) Detecting the presence of a user within close proximity to the toilet by interrupting at least the first pair of signals, c) Initiating a first delay for a predetermined period of time to avoid false flushing of the toilet.
d) Detecting that the presence of the user within close proximity to the toilet is no longer interrupting whether of the pair of signals, and e) Activating the toilet flushing mechanism.
a) Providing an electronic circuit having a dual threshold sensor for emitting a pair of signals out over the toilet bowl portion, the pair of signals capable of detecting the presence of a user within close proximity to the toilet, a first of the pair of signals capable of detecting the presence of the user at a pre-defined range further than a pre-defined range of a second of the pair of signals, b) Detecting the presence of a user within close proximity to the toilet by interrupting at least the first pair of signals, c) Initiating a first delay for a predetermined period of time to avoid false flushing of the toilet.
d) Detecting that the presence of the user within close proximity to the toilet is no longer interrupting whether of the pair of signals, and e) Activating the toilet flushing mechanism.
2. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 1, further comprising the steps of activating a solenoid for controlling the flow of water and chemicals disposed within a container, and flow of chemicals depositing within the toilet bowl portion during the step of activating the toilet flushing mechanism.
3. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet to claim 1, further comprising the step of activating a rotating seat motor disposed within a housing of the toilet, the rotating seat motor thus controlling the rotating seat of the toilet.
4. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 1, wherein the pair of signals is emitted from a pair of infrared LED's pulsating at a periodic rate.
5. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 4, wherein the step of detecting the presence of a user within close proximity to the toilet is determined by the electronic circuit receiving a reflected signal having at least a predefined strength from at least one infrared signal source.
6. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet is of claim 5 occurs wherein the reflected signal is received by a photo-diode amplifier coupled to the electronic circuit.
7. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the presence of a user within close proximity to the toilet by interrupting at least the first if the pair of signals includes interrupting both the first and second pair of signals.
8. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 1, wherein the electronic circuit includes a counter for indicating that the flushing mechanism has been activated a predefined number of times.
9. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 1, further comprising the step of initiating a second delay for a predetermined period of time, the second delay introduced into the electronic circuit by a sequence control timer circuit included within the electronic circuit.
10. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet having a bowl portion and a flushing mechanism, the steps of the method comprising:
a) Providing a electronic circuit having a dual threshold sensor system for emitting a signal out over the toilet bowl portion, the electronic circuit capable of detecting the presence of a user within a close proximity to the toilet by receiving a reflected signal from the emitted signal, the circuitry receiving the reflected signal creating a first and second threshold, the first threshold for detecting the presence of the user at a predefined range further than a predefined range of the second threshold, the electronic circuit further including a plurality of output drives, b) Detecting the presence of a user within close proximity to the toilet by interrupting at least the first threshold, c) Initiating a first delay for a predetermined period of time to avoid false flushing of the toilet, d) Detecting that the presence of the user within close proximity to the toilet is no longer interrupting either the first or second threshold, e) Initiating a second delay for a predetermined period, f) Applying a control signal to the plurality of electronic circuit output drives, one of the pluralities of output drives coupled to the toilet flushing mechanism.
a) Providing a electronic circuit having a dual threshold sensor system for emitting a signal out over the toilet bowl portion, the electronic circuit capable of detecting the presence of a user within a close proximity to the toilet by receiving a reflected signal from the emitted signal, the circuitry receiving the reflected signal creating a first and second threshold, the first threshold for detecting the presence of the user at a predefined range further than a predefined range of the second threshold, the electronic circuit further including a plurality of output drives, b) Detecting the presence of a user within close proximity to the toilet by interrupting at least the first threshold, c) Initiating a first delay for a predetermined period of time to avoid false flushing of the toilet, d) Detecting that the presence of the user within close proximity to the toilet is no longer interrupting either the first or second threshold, e) Initiating a second delay for a predetermined period, f) Applying a control signal to the plurality of electronic circuit output drives, one of the pluralities of output drives coupled to the toilet flushing mechanism.
11. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 10, wherein a signal is emitted from a pair of infrared LED's pulsating at a periodic rate.
12. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 10 is such that the reflected signal is received by a photo-diode amplifier coupled to the electronic circuit.
13. The method of activating a self-flushing toilet of claim 10, wherein the step of detecting the presence of a user with close proximity to the toilet by interrupting at the first threshold includes interrupting both the first and second threshold.
14. An electronic circuit for controlling a self-flushing toilet having a bowl portion and a flushing mechanism, the electronic circuit comprising:
a) A dual threshold sensor circuit for emitting a signal out over the toilet bowl portion and for detecting the presence of a user within a close proximity to the toilet, the detecting circuit creating a first and second threshold, the first threshold for detecting the presence of the user at a predefined range further than a predefined range of the second threshold, the presence of the user detected by at least the first threshold being interrupted.
b) Signal processing means for conditioning the received reflected signal and converting it into a logical trigger pulse.
c) An integrator and time delay circuit for introducing a first delay for a predetermined period of time to avoid false flushing of the toilet by determining that the presence of the user has interrupted at least the first threshold of the predetermined period of time.
d) A logical detection circuit for determining that the presence of the user is no longer interrupted either the first or second threshold and for sending a control signal to a plurality of output drives of the electronic circuit.
e) A sequence control timer circuit for introducing a predetermined sequence of time delays to provide control signals to a plurality of output drives, and f) At least one of the pluralities of output drives coupled to the toilet flushing mechanism.
a) A dual threshold sensor circuit for emitting a signal out over the toilet bowl portion and for detecting the presence of a user within a close proximity to the toilet, the detecting circuit creating a first and second threshold, the first threshold for detecting the presence of the user at a predefined range further than a predefined range of the second threshold, the presence of the user detected by at least the first threshold being interrupted.
b) Signal processing means for conditioning the received reflected signal and converting it into a logical trigger pulse.
c) An integrator and time delay circuit for introducing a first delay for a predetermined period of time to avoid false flushing of the toilet by determining that the presence of the user has interrupted at least the first threshold of the predetermined period of time.
d) A logical detection circuit for determining that the presence of the user is no longer interrupted either the first or second threshold and for sending a control signal to a plurality of output drives of the electronic circuit.
e) A sequence control timer circuit for introducing a predetermined sequence of time delays to provide control signals to a plurality of output drives, and f) At least one of the pluralities of output drives coupled to the toilet flushing mechanism.
15. The electronic circuit for controlling a self-flushing of claim 14, wherein the dual threshold sensor circuit includes a pair of infrared LED's pulsating at a periodic rate and a photo-diode amplifier.
16. The electronic circuit for controlling a self-flushing toilet of claim 14, wherein the signal processing means includes a high pass filter with gain circuit, a dual threshold voltage signal circuit and a triggered pulse one-shot circuit.
17. The electronic circuit for controlling a self-flushing toilet of claim 14, wherein the logical detection circuit includes a set/reset, flip-flop integrated circuit.
18. The electronic circuit for controlling a self-flushing toilet of claim 14, wherein three output drives are employed, a first output drive coupled to the toilet flushing mechanism, a second output drive coupled to a device pumping out water with chemical from a mixing chamber and a third output drive to a rotation seat motor.
19. The electronic circuit for controlling a self-flushing toilet of claim 14, further comprising a counter circuit for indicating that the flushing mechanism has been activated a predefined number of times.
20. The electronic circuit for controlling a self-flushing toilet of claim 16, wherein the signal outputted from the high pass filter with gain circuit is a narrow negative square wave pulse and the signal outputted from the triggered pulse one-shot circuit is a positive square wave pulse having a duty cycle of 90%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2557704 CA2557704A1 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2006-08-21 | Method and apparatus for actuating a self-flushing toilet having a dual threshold sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2557704 CA2557704A1 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2006-08-21 | Method and apparatus for actuating a self-flushing toilet having a dual threshold sensor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2557704A1 true CA2557704A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
Family
ID=39103099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2557704 Abandoned CA2557704A1 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2006-08-21 | Method and apparatus for actuating a self-flushing toilet having a dual threshold sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2557704A1 (en) |
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| WO2013038142A1 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Yourtech Limited | Toilet flushing unit |
| WO2014099817A1 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-26 | Fluidmaster, Inc. | Touchless activation of a toilet |
| WO2015148771A1 (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Fluidmaster, Inc. | Activation flushing system and method |
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| WO2013038142A1 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Yourtech Limited | Toilet flushing unit |
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| US9428897B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2016-08-30 | Fluidmaster, Inc. | Touchless activation of a toilet |
| WO2015148771A1 (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Fluidmaster, Inc. | Activation flushing system and method |
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