CA2522977A1 - Immunomodulator phosphonate conjugates - Google Patents

Immunomodulator phosphonate conjugates Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2522977A1
CA2522977A1 CA002522977A CA2522977A CA2522977A1 CA 2522977 A1 CA2522977 A1 CA 2522977A1 CA 002522977 A CA002522977 A CA 002522977A CA 2522977 A CA2522977 A CA 2522977A CA 2522977 A1 CA2522977 A1 CA 2522977A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
conjugate
formula
compound
groups
independently
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002522977A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Carina E. Cannizzaro
James M. Chen
Xiaowu Chen
Aesop Cho
Lee S. Chong
Manoj Desai
Maria Fardis
Alan X. Huang
Thorsten A. Kirschberg
Christopher P. Lee
Richard L. Mackman
Peter H. Nelson
Hyung-Jung Pyun
Adrian S. Ray
Sundaramoorthi Swaminathan
Will Watkins
Jennifer R. Zhang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gilead Sciences Inc
Original Assignee
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Carina E. Cannizzaro
James M. Chen
Xiaowu Chen
Aesop Cho
Lee S. Chong
Manoj Desai
Maria Fardis
Alan X. Huang
Thorsten A. Kirschberg
Christopher P. Lee
Richard L. Mackman
Peter H. Nelson
Hyung-Jung Pyun
Adrian S. Ray
Sundaramoorthi Swaminathan
Will Watkins
Jennifer R. Zhang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gilead Sciences, Inc., Carina E. Cannizzaro, James M. Chen, Xiaowu Chen, Aesop Cho, Lee S. Chong, Manoj Desai, Maria Fardis, Alan X. Huang, Thorsten A. Kirschberg, Christopher P. Lee, Richard L. Mackman, Peter H. Nelson, Hyung-Jung Pyun, Adrian S. Ray, Sundaramoorthi Swaminathan, Will Watkins, Jennifer R. Zhang filed Critical Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Priority claimed from PCT/US2004/013143 external-priority patent/WO2004096236A2/en
Publication of CA2522977A1 publication Critical patent/CA2522977A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention is related to phosphonate substituted compounds having immuno-modulatory activity, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Description

DEMANDE OU BREVET VOLUMINEUX
LA PRESENTE PARTIE DE CETTE DEMANDE OU CE BREVET COMPREND
PLUS D'UN TOME.

NOTE : Pour les tomes additionels, veuillez contacter 1e Bureau canadien des brevets JUMBO APPLICATIONS/PATENTS
THIS SECTION OF THE APPLICATION/PATENT CONTAINS MORE THAN ONE
VOLUME

NOTE: For additional volumes, please contact the Canadian Patent Office NOM DU FICHIER / FILE NAME
NOTE POUR LE TOME / VOLUME NOTE:

PHOSPHONATE COMPOUNDS HAVING
IMMUNO-MODULATORY ACTIVITY
This non-provisional application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. ~ 119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos.
60/465424, 601465373, 60/465420, 60/465380, 60/465433, 60/465481, 60/465377, 60/465581, 60/465532, 60/465844, 60/4.65531, and 60/465574, all filed April 25, 2003; and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos.
60/493303, 60/493310, 60/493309, and 60/493302, all filed August 7, 2003; and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos. 60/495533, 60/495529, 60/495455, 60/495537, 60/495456, 60/495398, 60/495425, 60/495427, 60/495661, 60/495393, 60/495416, 60/495614, and 60/495417, all filed August 15, 2003; and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos. 60/514054, 60/513971, 60/514394, 60/513975, 60/514453, 60/514202, 60/513948, 60/514424, 60/514280, 60/514144, 601513979, 60/514075, 60/513946, 601514051, 60/514161, 60/514325, 60/514044, 60/514201, 60/514522, 60/514140, 60/514175, 601514113, 60/513562, 60/513592, 60/513563, 60/513579, 60/513561, 60/513589, 60/513593, 60/513588, 60/514258, 60/514021, and 60/514298, all filed October 24, 2003; and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos. 60/532230, 60/531960, 60/532160, 60/531940, and 60/531932, all filed December 1, 2003; and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/532591, filed December 23, 2003; and to U.S.
Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/536005, filed January 12, 2004.
The entirety of all Provisional Applications listed above are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELL? OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates generally to compounds with immuno-modulatory (e.g., immunosuppressant) activity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Improving the delivery of drugs and other agents to target cells and tissues has been the focus of considerable research for many years. Though many attempts have been made to develop effective methods for importing biologically active molecules into cells, both ira viva and ita vitr~~a, none has proved to be entirely satisfactory. ~ptimizing the association of the inhibitory drug with its intracellular target, while minimizing intercellular redistribution of the drug, e.g., to neighboring cells, is often difficult or inefficient.
l~Iost agents currently administered to a patient parenterally are not targeted, resulting in systemic delivery of the agent to cells and tissues of the body where it is unnecessary, and often undesirable. This may result in adverse drug side effects, and often limits the dose of a drug (e.g., glucocorticoids and other anti-inflammatory drugs) that can be administered. By comparison, although oral administration of drugs is generally recognized as a convenient and economical method of administration, oral administration can result in either (a) uptake of the drug through the cellular and tissue barriers, e.g., bloodJbrain, epithelial, cell membrane, resulting in undesirable systemic distribution, or (b) temporary residence of the drug within the gastrointestinal tract.
Accordingly, a major goal has been to develop methods for specifically targeting agents to cells and tissues. Benefits of such treatment includes avoiding the general physiological effects of inappropriate delivery of such agents to other cells and tissues, such as uninfected cells.
Autoimmune diseases and transplantation rejection remain major public health problems worldwide. Although drugs with immunosuppressive activity are in wide use and have shown effectiveness, there clinical usefulness has been limited due to their toxicity and other side effects. Currrently tthere is a need for new immunosuppressant agents, i.e. drugs, having improved immunosuppressant activity and pharmacokinetic properties, improved oral bioavailability, greater potency, and extended effective half life ifa vivo. New immunosuppressant agents should have fewer side effects, less complicated dosing schedules, andlor be orally active.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Intracellular targeting may be achieved by methods arid compositions that allow accumulation or retention of biologically active agents inside cells.
The present invention provides novel phosphonate containing aalalogs of immuno-modulatory (~.g., immmosuppressant) compounds. 'These compowlds possess the utilities of the related immuno-modulatory compounds, but due to the presence of the phosphonate groups) they typically provide cellular accumulation of the phosphonate compound. Thus, compounds of the invention may demonstrate improved immuno-modulatory properties, phannacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability, potency, or extended effective half life i~r. viv~, or a combination thereof. The compounds of the invention may also have distinct resistance profiles, fewer side effects, less complicated dosing schedules, or have increased oral activity.
The present invention relates generally to the accumulation or retention of therapeutic compounds inside cells. The invention is more particularly related to attaiung high concentrations of phosphonate-containing molecules in target cells. Such effective targeting may be applicable to a variety of therapeutic formulations and procedures.
Accordingly, in one embodiment the invention provides a compound of the invention which is a conjugate comprising an immuno-modulatory compound (e.g., an immunosuppressant compound) linked to one or more phosphonate groups.
Compositions of the invention include immuno-modulatory compounds having at least one phosphonate group. Accordingly, in one embodiment the invention provides a conjugate comprising an immuno-modulatory compound (e.g., an immunosuppressant compound) linlced to one or more phosphonate groups or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound of any one of formulae 500-547:
32 1 HO~O~i O ~H
p O
OH .rss HO
~ ~ ~ _O
"'rrl! / / /
H OMe OMe -500 50~
H
OMe S
O
r1 ~N
H H II
w N N ~ N ~~
N

_q._ Os v OH
O
i~ ~O\v, O
O O
O

H H
N N

N

O O
NH
N--t~0 O

O H
OCOEt HN N

N NH HO ~~.nuItOCOEt O N~O H Me I ~ _ _ HO '~/H / F H
j NHz O
HO OH

HO ~~~~nuIOCOEt OH OH
H nlMe 1e H Hv ~~~CI

H O H CN H CN /
N I BN ~ N~ ~ N ~ /
~ i O FCC I ~ ~O~ OOH F C ~ i O OH

O O
HO O~ ~O
HO~ O O i ~S~Of H
i ~H
H H
O''~'\~

OCOEt j.-~ NH2 1e ~~ .-CAN O~N ' \ \
r F

OCOPr' HO O
N
s . H . ~~~'O~ '~Me hi Fi O r O
.~~IIIO O
O I ~ HO~ .i1~0 n ~nlMe~
O H ~~0~-Pr H H

Me HO O O
w"~Me HO
H ~~Me H ...n H H v , s O r _ _ -O r H H

HO O
HO
~~F
_ H ~~rrl N
O.- r' F

~O
HO H O~ O
.--' . . IOI O~s I ~H
O ~ H H v HO O N N
NHS
S HO~~~' JOH
533 , HO,,, O
O OH ., O
~OH
Me H lOMe NHS CO~H
Nr ~~ Nw~ N HN-H~N~N~~,~~H3 ~ / ~ CO2H
HzN

O
O
HN~N~
N
H~ I ~~ H2N~N N

HO. ~
H~°~ P~ ~H
OH

HN
HzN~~ B ~ w ~N
N i N\-~N
O
O N L \
N
N
___ H

HO
NH2 ~ O H O
N N N Ni I O O
N-O H O H
H N N N
II H
O O O

O OH O OH
O~N~ ~ ~ OH
~ II O~ II
O O ~O ~ O O

_g_ H
N
N
H
N
HQ~'' ~H
H~' .~a~H
that is substituted with one or more phosphonate groups either directly or indirectly through a linker; and that is optionally substituted with one or more groups A°; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
A° is Al, AZ or W3 with the proviso that the conjugate includes at least one Al;
A1 is:

~W6 l M12b .
A2 is:

~W3 l M12b .
A3 is:

Y~ f P Rx Y2 ~2 Y2 ~Rx /M12~ 2 2 M12b Yl is independently O, S, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), or N(N(RX)( R")) YZ is independently a bond, O, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), N(N(R")( R")), -S(~)~2-, or -S(O)M2-~(~)M2-~ ~d when Y2 joins two phosphorous atoms YZ can also be C(RZ)(RZ);
R" is independently H, Rl, R2, W3, a protecting group, or the formula:
1'1 ~Y
~2 y°2 mnec M1c M1d M1a wherein:
R'' is independently H, W3, RZ or a protecting group;
Rl is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
R2 is independently H, Rl, R3 or R4 wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups or taken together at a carbon atom, two R2 groups form a ring of 3 to 8 carbons and the ring may be substituted with 0 to R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, R3b, R3° or R3a, provided that when R3 is bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3° or R3a;
R3a is F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -NOZ;
R3b is Yl;
R3° is -R", -N(R")(R"), -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)ZRX, -S(O)(OR"), -S(O)2(OR"), -OC(Yl)R", -OC(Yl)OR", -OC(Yl)(N(R")(R~')), -SC(Yl)R", _ SC(Yl)OR", -SC(Yl)(N(R")(R")), -N(R")C(~'1)RX, -N(R")C(~'1)OR", or -N(RX)C(Yi)(N(RX)(RX)) R3a is -C(Yl)R", -C(Yl)OR" or -C(Yl)(N(RX)(RX));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or allcynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
RS is R4 wherein each R4 is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
W3 is W or W5;
Wq is R5, -C(Yl)R5, -C(Yl)W5, -S0~2R5, or-SOM2W5;

WS is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein WS is independently substituted with 0 to 3 RZ groups;
W6 is W3 independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 A3 groups;
1~I2 is 0, 1 or 2;
Ml2ais1,2,3,4.,5,6,7,~,9,10,11or12;
1VI12b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ~, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
M 1 a,1V11 c, and M 1 d are independently 0 or 1; and Ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4., 5, 6, 7, ~, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound of the formula:
[DRUG]-(A°)""
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein;
DRUG is a compound of any one of formulae 500-547;
nn is 1, 2, or 3;.
wherein:
A° is Al, AZ or W3 with the proviso that the conjugate includes at least one Al;
A1 is:
~2 ~W6 l M12b .
AZ is:
Y~
~W3 M12b .

A3 is:
Y~ Y~
Y~ P ~P R"
Y2 \ ~
\ ~Y
R
fill ~ ~ b Yl is independently O, S, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR~), or N(N(RX)( R")) Y2 is independently a bond, O, N(R"), N(O)(RX), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), N(N(R")( R")), -S(O)M2-, or -S(O)MZ-S(O)M2-; and when YZ joins two phosphorous atoms YZ can also be C(R2)(RZ);
R" is independently H, Rl, Ra, W3, a protecting group, or the formula:
Y~ Y~
RY

ivi-i~c M1c M1d M1a .
wherein:
RY is independently H, W3, R2 or a protecting group;
Rl is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
R2 is independently H, Rl, R3 or Rø wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups or taken together at a carbon atom, two R2 groups form a ring of 3 to 8 carbons and the ring may be substituted with 0 to R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, R3b, R3o or R3d, provided that when R3 is bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3° or R3d;
R3a is F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -NOZ;
2O R3b is Yl;
R3 is -R , -N(R )(R"), _SR", -S(~)R", -S(O)zRX9 -s(~)(OR ), -s(o)2(oRX>> -oc(Yl)R~, -oc(Yl)oRX, -oC(Yl)(N(RX)(RX)>a -sc(Yl>RX, _ sC(Yl)oRX, -sC(Yl>(N(RX)(R~>), -~(Rx)~(Yl>RX, -N(R%)c(Yl>oR~, ~r -N(R")C(~'1)~(R")(R")) R3d is -C(Yl)R", -C(Y1)OR" or -C(Yl)(N(R")(R"));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
RS is R4 wherein each Rø is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
S W3 15 Wø or W5;
W4 is R5, -C(Yl)R5, -C(Yl)W5, -S0~2R5, or -S~M~WS;
WS is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein WS is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R2 groups;
W6 is W3 independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 A3 groups;
M2 is 0, 1 or 2;
Ml2a is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
Ml2b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
M 1 a, M 1 c, and M 1 d are independently 0 or 1; and Ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound of any one of formulae 1-151:

qo~A~ Oi~,~ Ao .0~~,~
v -I
p OH
H ~ ~ I OH
O ~O~' H O
~O ', O O O
OH
l ~ H ~-_ H I _ OH
O
Aoi,,,. HO ~~IOH
e0 i O ~ N, i Ao ~O OH ~~
N o I 4 O O OH
OH
O .~~°~~ HO 'OOH
H home OMe ~ i Ao \ /

CN H H O
H H O r NON I w N~O~ ~ ~ NON I ~ NCO
i O i H NC'Q/ O
NC~ A
OMe A° OMe O
H H Ao ~ ~CN' ~ N.trN ~ N~O~,O
NON '~ N O~ O ~ ~ O ~ ~ H
NC I i O ~ H ~N ~ OMe OMe ~o w, NON w N~O~O w NON w. N~.O~O
i ~ I ~ A~ O ~ ~ O I / H
T
~N ~ OMe <N ~ OMe F
Ao i Ao Ao OH OH
Ao-1f 17 H CN
OOH ~5~ I \ N \
Ao~ O OH
Ao-H CN H CN
A0 \N \ ~ X51 \N~
~ O OH o I ~ IOI~ YOH
A

H CN ~ NH
Ao ~ N~ ~ \N O
X5~ I ~ O OH o A O

H O H
HN N HN N
O O , Ao ~ N ~ 'N
N H H
'N ~ N Ao N
~~nH '"~H
O H~\. ~'~OH H~\. ''.OH

O O O O ,A°
NH ~ N
N O ( , \N O

OCOEt ~~~Et H~ ~,~~~~~~OCOEt HO ........~COEt H _ M~ H Me F H N~ ( F Fi Ao_N i .N i Ao OCOEt Et O
HO ~.~~~~~~~OCOEt ~COEt H ~~~'Me H H
Ao A°-N ~ ~~~'CI
' 31 32 nr~n~+
HO ~~~~~~~OCOEt H ' w~~Me :OEt _"
Fi hi Ao .~~'C1 Ao 33 3~.

OH OH
N
Ao-N io A
~OH ~OH
to Ao-N
A

OH
O
HO .""~~nOH
H ~~~~Me OH
1e N~ ~ F H
N / A
~o A

Xs~ N ~ ~N Ao N ~ ON
\ \
Ao I / O Xs~ ~ / O

HO O o ADO O
O A
O OH
H
~ "r r' H H
O
4~
H "
HN N H
HN N
I
N
N
H
N H
N
~~~"'H
HO -,.",H
NO~' ,~~OH qoc' '=, s OH

H
A

w6 ~H

OH HO~ ~~~~~iiIIOH
1e H Me _-A~-N, ~ F H
N
51 ~2 NH2 X52 / I NH2 x52 / I
~ N-C~ 0'N ~ ~ p N-C~ ~,N ~ w N ~I I, A~ ~ N y I/ A~

x52 / x52 / AO
NH2 ~ I NH2 I
OU ~N O.N I w Ao O NW O_N w w i ~ N ~ S I /

O
IIIOCOEt OCOEt Me 1e Ao Ao l F
F
57 5g r' HO ~~~~~iiIIOCOEt H Me Ao-N w'~1~ H _ ,N~-I~ / Ao F

OCOPr' OCOPr' O
O HO~ ..,~nnl0 HO~ ~.,~~~II10 H '~/O
H ~ //O A~ -N \ H H
N ~ H H ~ 'N' ~N I~
Ao/

HO~
HO~ ..,~~~IIIN
.~~~~IIIIN
H '~/~~Me H I '~/O~Me / _- __~ _-H H N~ ~ H H
A°~ N / ~N /
Ao OAc Me O
~~~IIOH
O H
HO~ ..,~~~IIIN
H '~/p~Me _ A°-N, ~ H H A0'N / H H
N / _ Me Me O
~~iIIOH
H
A°-N ~ H H
~N, /
Me Me CI c1 p HO ..,~~~II10 O
O I \~ IIIO O
H~~ I IMe p IMe p CI H
Ao r.
n _ H 'mime O HO O
o N \ ~l ~ ~ '"~~O
N ~ ~'' y. H ~/~~ --Pr"
.;V
H H

7~
~H
HO' O
'~~~IO
NN l H ~/,,~~"-Pry H
Ao' Ao "U' -v Me '''~lMe _ H ~Me HO~ O
A°_N'' ,,, H H H "'lame N ~ ' = _= ~Me n N .--- H H v A°

,Ao O
Ao Ho 78 Ao O
zo O o A O
HO HO XssAo O HO
H ~~~II ~S F
_ H ~~~II
_ _ ~ / F H / F H
O~ ~ a F
F
A ~~ O Ao S~F
H ~'~II HO. ,.. ~ -'-.
O ~ F H r ~ H .~ni CI H
F ~ -' o \
i (O)CH2CH3 O O O o O O
A -O~ CI A O OC(O)CH3 H ,n11 H
i i _ O / CI H O / H H

i (O)CN2CH3 HO O O OA° A~~O O
H HO OC(O)CH3 H
H H i' O ~ _ O ~ H H
10 8~ ~ 88 A ~Ar ~ A
$9 90 O O
HN~ NH2 HN
'N ~ / ~ N ' OO
H
N
HO~ "~~~iH Ao_O O .,"~H
HO~' ~~A° HO~ 'OOH
9~ 92 O

N O
O
N
Ao,O O H~ I y ""H H2N N
Ao HO~ ,,~~OH
93 g4 COZH
HH2 _ Ao NHz HN~--~, / ~ a ~ ~ N~- n~ ~ / co~r~
Cfi3 ~ ~ ~Ao O
t~~N N N H2N N N
GOzH COZH

Nhi2 HN ~ N HtJ--~~
N ~ ~,,~ ~ .. N COZH
,~.. N ~ ~ O COZH ~ i a ~ ~ C
~ CH3 ' ~ Cl-~g N NzN N
H
CoZH
NHz ~ HN
N-' ~ Ni NH ~ ~ ~ O C02H H2N ~ Ro HzN N N
'~ 44 O O H
H N
H~ N HN
~~N ~N ~ / HzN~N /
w X59 ~ ~ X59 f Ao o/ / F
A

a Q

HN HN ~' NH N2N ~ NH ,~ 'r~~N~~, ~2N~~ j ~N l / N tf '' N
N / O
N HO N ~N N
H
OH Ao Ao O
i v%~N~ 01 N ~N H wll N ~ O _. _-Ao ~ H H
f~ H O



HO
I O hi O -y O H O
-N N N N N~ N II N N N N
O I O ~ O O ~I ~ ~ O
O O
N_ N_ O H O H O H O H
~N~N N N N Il - ~N~N~y N N N II
O H~ O I O O H I O I O

HO I O O H O
-N~N O N N O N~ ~N N N N N
I O ~I O ~ O
O ~ O ~ O
O
O N-N O O H
O H O H ~
,N N N ~N~IV N N N II
~N N ~ H~ f O ~ O I O O O O


O O
H H~ I N> H N
H~N~ H2N N N H2N ~ N N
Ao \ \.
n Ao l0 11~ 11~ 11~

Aoo o A 'o 0 oH°
O~Ao~ HO O.Xso Hp O.Ao H H H
~\~ ,., ~Fi O / H N ~ / Fi Fi 11~ 11~ 11t ~~Ao sul = CO(CH2)6CONMe(CH2)2S03H

H H oII ~o H H oII
\ N~N \ N~O \ N~N \ N~O
/ O I / H Ao\ ~ I / IOI I i N I
120 ~'N o~ 121 w NuN \ N~O~O A \ \ N~N y N~O~O
/ IOI I i H ~ I\/ IOI
N~N~A~ ~~ ; 122 N~o o~ 123 O
N ~O~O
H A X5~
O
N\ o ~O O\
X55~~ ~~~~54 12~ 1~~

Ao0 O
A°O
X56O X57 H "' iOAO
F l hi HO ~ , A°~ ~ H~
Ao0 HO HO
'"OOH H "'OOH H "'~OA~
_~. / _ _~ / - __~
F H / F Fi / F Fi O O

F
A
,. A°
132 " 133 O OH O OH
F
N ~ Ao / N~
I , I ~ o l0 134 135 _~s_ OH
O
O_Ao Me0 O
O p ~ ~ X61 ~~ ~H ~--,,/ ~ 3l ~ 1 ~ ~ OH
~OH '~-,m. / Ao O

H ~Me OMe Xss OH O O OH / O.Ao / I O I ~ v v O / O
X61 \ I

o OH O
p A 64 / Q~ X /
N ~ ~ ~O
O I / Xs1 O ~O Ao ~ s2 X

O O,A o X~ OH O
v /
O ' ~ / O Ow/'~N o A Xs1 \ ~ ~O
/ X61 " X62 H H O ~~ ~ OH
~. N N w N ~0~ w / Ao ~ I ~' ti O I / O
NCO O~ Ao I

O O,A O O,A
w % O~N~ W / _ O~N
n O ~ / O O ~O O ~ / O O ~O
I
'~ 4.~ 14~
O OH O Ao v / ~~N~ ~ / ~~N
/ ~ O ~~ O I / O ~~
_~
A° ~ I

O OH
O~N
O II
Ao O ~O

wherein:
A° is Al;
A1 is:

\W6 l A3 is:
M12b \ z M12b .
Y1 is independently ~, S, IV(R"),1V(~)(R"), N(OR"), TT(O)(OR"), or N(N(R")( R"));

Y2 is independently a bond, O, N(R"), N(O)(RX), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), N~~ )( RX))~ 's(~)M2n ~r -S(~)M2-S(O)M2-o and when Y2 JolnS tW0 phosphorous atoms Ya can also be C(R2)(RZ);
R" is independently H, RZ, W3, a protecting group9 or the formula:
~1 ~1 RY
w ~2 w ~2 mmc M1c M1d M1~
RY is independently H; W3, RZ or a protecting group;
Ri is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
RZ is independently H, R3 or R4 wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, R3b' Rs° or R3a, provided that when R3 is bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3° or R3d;
R3a is F, C1, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -N02;
R3b 1S Yl;
R3° is -R", -N(R")(R"), -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)aR", -S(O)(OR"), -S(O)2(OR"), -OC(Yl)R", -OC(Yl)ORX, -OC(Yl)(N(R")(R")), -SC(Yl)R", _ SC(Yl)OR", -SC(Yl)(N(R")(R")), -N(R")C(Yl)R", -N(R")C(Yl)OR", or -N(R-")C(Yl)~(R")(R")) ;
R3a is -C(Yl)R", -C(Y1)ORX or -C(Yl)(N(R")(R"));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
RS is R4 wherein each R4 is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
Rsa is independently alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenylene of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynylene of 2-18 carbon atoms any one of which alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene is substituted with 0-3 R3 groups;
W3 is W or W5;
W4 is R5, -C(Yl)R5, -C(Yl)WS, -S02RS, or -S02W5;
WS is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein WS is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R~ groups;
W6 is W3 independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 A3 groups;

M2 is 0, 1 or 2;
Ml2a is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
Ml2b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
Mla, Mlc, and Mld are independently 0 or 1;
Ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ~, 7, 8, ~, 10, 11 or 12;
each Xs° is independently hydrogen, F, Cl, CF3, C1V, methyl, or teat-butyl;
Xsl is hydrogen, halo, trifluoromethyl, (C1-C3)alkyl, cyano, or (C1-C3)alkoxy;
Xs2 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, or trifluoromethyl;
Xs3 is -O-, or -S-;
Xs4 and Xss are independently selected from hydrogen or a C1-C1~ acyl;
Xs6 is hydrogen, a Ci-C1$ acyl, or OH
O=P-OH
or Xs4 is hydrogen and together Xss and Xs6 are O=P-OH
Xs' is H, amino, hydroxy, or a halogen selected from C1 and Br;
Xs$ is hydrogen, F, Cl, CF3, cyano, methyl, or t-butyl;
Xs9 is hydrogen, CH20H;
X6° is CO(CH2)6CONMe(CHZ)2s03H;
X6a is methyl, chloro, or trifluoromethyl;
X63 is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, or trifluoromethyl;
X64 is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, chloro, vinyl, allyl, 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl;
X6s is hydrogen or F; and Ar is aryl or heteroaryl.
The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

This invention pertains to a method of increasing cellular accumulation and retention of drug compounds, thus improving their therapeutic and diagnostic value, comprising linking the compound to one or more phosphonate groups.
The invention also provides a method for the maintenance of immmosuppression, for example, following transplant surgery, comprising administering to an animal (e.g. a mammal) an effective amount of a compound of the invention.
The invention also provides a method f~r modulating an immune response in vits~o or ira viv~ comprising contacting a sample in need of such treatment with a compound of the invention.
The invention also provides a method of inhibiting an immune response in an animal (e.g. a mammal), comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the invention to the animal.
The invention also provides a method of treating the symptoms or effects of an autoimmune disease (e.g. psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, Chron's disease, etc.) in an animal (e.g. a mammal), comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the invention to the animal.
The invention also provides a method of treating the symptoms or effects of transplant rejection in an animal (e.g. a mammal), comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the invention to the animal.
The invention also provides a method for inhibiting the proliferation of human T cells and/or downregulating the production of Thl or Th2 type cytokines in an animal (e.g. a mammal) comprising administering a compound of the invention to the animal.
The invention also provides a method for treating atopic dermatitis in an animal (e.g. a mammal), comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the invention to the animal.
The invention also provides a method for inhibiting one or more T-lymphocyte functions in an animal (e.g. a mammal), comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the invention to the animal.

The invention also provides a method for inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in an animal (e.g. a mammal), comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the invention to the animal.
The invention also provides a compound of the invention for use in medical therapy (preferably for use in the maintenance of immunosuppression following transplant surgery, inhibiting an immune response, treating an autoimmune disease, treating atopic dermatitis, inhibiting the proliferation of human T cells, or downregulating the production of Th1 or Th2 type cytokines), as well as the use of a compound of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament useful for maintenance of immunosuppression following transplant surgery in an animal (e.g. a mammal). The invention also provides the use of a compound of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament useful for inhibiting an immune response in an animal (e.g. a mammal). The invention also provides the use of a compound of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament useful for treating an autoimmune disease in an animal (e.g. a mammal). The invention also provides the use of a compound of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament useful for inhibiting the proliferation of human T cells or downregulating the production of Thl or Th2 type cytokines in an animal.
The invention also provides a method for the maintenance of immunosuppression, for example, following transplant surgery, comprising aclininistering to an animal (e.g., a mammal) an effective amount of a compound of the invention.
The invention also provides processes and novel intermediates disclosed herein which are useful for preparing compounds of the invention. Some of the compounds of the invention are useful to prepare other compounds of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTI~N ~F THE INVENTI~N
Reference will now be made in detail to certain claims of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying structures and formulas.
While the invention will be described in conjunction with the enumerated claims, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to those claims. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.
I~EFINITI~NS
Unless stated otherwise, the following terms and phrases as used herein are intended to have the following meanings:
When tradenames are used herein, applicants intend to independently include the tradenaxne product and the active pharmaceutical ingredients) of the tradename product.
"Bioavailability" is the degree to which the pharmaceutically active agent becomes available to the target tissue after the agent's introduction into the body.
Enhancement of the bioavailability of a pharmaceutically active agent can provide a more efficient and effective treatment for patients because, for a given dose, more of the pharmaceutically active agent will be available at the targeted tissue sites.
The terms "phosphonate" and "phosphonate group" include functional groups or moieties within a molecule that comprises a phosphorous that is 1) single-bonded to a carbon, 2) double-bonded to a heteroatom , 3) single-bonded to a heteroatom, and 4) single-bonded to another heteroatom, wherein each heteroatom can be the same or different. The terms "phosphonate" and "phosphonate group" also include functional groups or moieties that comprise a phosphorous in the same oxidation state as the phosphorous described above, as well as functional groups or moieties that comprise a prodrug moiety that can separate from a compound so that the compound retains a phosphorous having the characteristics described above. For example, the terms "phosphonate" and "phosphonate group" include phosphonic acid, phosphoric monoester, phosphoric diester, phosphonamidate, and phosphonthioate functional groups.
In one specific embodiment of the invention, the terms "phosphonate" and "phosphonate group" include functional groups or moieties within a molecule that comprises a phosphorous that is 1) single-bonded to a carbon, 2) double-bonded to an oxygen, 3) single-bonded to an oxygen, and 4) single-bonded to another oxygen, as well as functional groups or moieties that comprise a prodrug moiety that can separate from a compound so that the compound retains a phosphorous having such characteristics. In another specific embodiment of the invention, the terms "phosphonate" and "phosphonate group" include functional groups or moieties within a molecule that comprises a phosphorous that is 1) single-bonded to a carbon, 2) double-bonded to an oxygen, 3) single-bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen, and 4) single-bonded to another oxygen or nitrogen, as well as functional groups or moieties that comprise a produug moiety that can separate from a compound so that the compound retains a phosphorous having such characteristics.
The term "prodrug" as used herein refers to any compo~.md that when administered to a biological system generates the drug substance, i.e. active ingredient, as a result of spontaneous chemical reaction(s), enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction(s), photolysis, and/or metabolic chemical reaction(s). A
prodrug is thus a covalently modified analog or latent form of a therapeutically-active compound.
"Prodrug moiety" refers to a labile functional group which separates from the active inhibitory compound during metabolism, systemically, inside a cell, by hydrolysis, enzymatic cleavage, or by some other process (Bundgaard, Hans, "Design and Application of Prodrugs" in A Textbook of Dru,~ Deli n and Development (1991), P. Krogsgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Eds. Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 113-191). Enzymes which are capable of an enzymatic activation mechanism with the phosphonate prodrug compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, amidases, esterases, microbial enzymes, phospholipases, cholinesterases, and phosphotases. Prodrug moieties can serve to enhance solubility, absorption and lipophilicity to optimize drug delivery, bioavailability and efficacy. A proclilxg moiety may include an active metabolite or drug itself.
Exemplary prodrug moieties include the hydrolytically sensitive or labile acyloxymethyl esters -CH~OC(=O)R9 and acyloxymethyl carbonates -CH2OC(=O)OR9 where R9 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 substituted alkyl, C6-CZO aryl or C6-C2o substituted aryl. The acyloxyalkyl ester was first used as a prodrug strategy for carboxylic acids and then applied to phosphates and phosphonates by Farquhar et al. (1983) J. Phar~rn. Sci. 72: 324; also US Patent Nos.
4816570, 4968788, 5663159 and 5792756. Subsequently, the acyloxyalkyl ester was used to deliver phosphonic acids across cell membranes and to enhance oral bioavailability. A close variant of the acyloxyalkyl ester, the alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl ester (carbonate), may also enhance oral bioavailability as a prodrug moiety in the compounds of the combinations of the invention. An exemplary acyloxymethyl ester is pivaloyloxymethoxy, (POM) -CPIZOC(=O)C(CI33)3. An exemplary acyloxymethyl carbonate prodrug moiety is pivaloyloxymethylcarbonate (POC) -CI32OC(=~)~C(CI-i3)3~
The phosphonate group may be a phosphonate prodrug moiety. The prodrug moiety may be sensitive to hydrolysis, such as, but not limited to a pivaloyloxymethyl carbonate (POC) or POM group. Alternatively, the prodrug moiety may be sensitive to enzymatic potentiated cleavage, such as a lactate ester or a phosphonamidate-ester group.
Aryl esters of phosphorus groups, especially phenyl esters, are reported to enhance oral bioavailability (De Lombaert et al. (1994) J. Med. Cheyn. 37:
498). Phenyl esters containing a carboxylic ester ortho to the phosphate have also been described (Khamnei and Torrence, (1996) J. Med. Chena. 39:4109-4115). Benzyl esters are reported to generate the parent phosphoric acid. In some cases, substituents at the of~tho-orpa~a-position may accelerate the hydrolysis. Benzyl analogs with an acylated phenol or an alkylated phenol may generate the phenolic compound through the action of enzymes, e.g., esterases, oxidases, etc., which in turn undergoes cleavage at the benzylic C-O bond to generate the phosphoric acid and the quinone methide intermediate. Examples of this class of prodrugs are described by Mitchell et al. (1992) .I. Claern.
~'oc.
Per~kir~ Tt°afas. II 2345; Glazier WO 91119721. Still other benzylic prodrugs have been described containing a carboxylic ester-containing group attached to the benzylic methylene (Glazier WO 91/19721). Thio-containing prodrugs are reported to be useful for the intracellular delivery of phosphonate drugs.
These proesters contain an ethylthio group in which the thiol group is either esterified with an acyl group or combined with another thiol group to form a disulfide.
Deesterification or reduction of the disulfide generates the free tluo intermediate which subsequently breaks down to the phosphoric acid a.nd episulfide (Puech et al. (1993) Antivi~al Res., 22: 155-174; Benzaria et al. (1996) J. Med. Chem.
39:
4958). Cyclic phosphonate esters have also been described as prodrugs of phosphorus-containing compounds (Erion et al., US Patent No. 6312662).

"Protecting group" refers to a moiety of a compound that masks or alters the properties of a functional group or the properties of the compound as a whole. Chemical protecting groups and strategies far protectionldeprotection are well known in the art. See e.g-., Protective Groups in ~r~anic Chemistry, Theodore W. Greene, John Wiley ~ Sons, Inc., New fork, 191. Protecting groups are often utilized to mask the reactivity of certain functional groups, to assist in the efficiency of desired chemical reactions, e.g., making and breaking chemical bonds in an ordered and planned fashion. Protection of functional groups of a compound alters other physical properties besides the reactivity of the protected functional group, such as the polarity, lipophilicity (hydrophobicity), and other properties which can be measured by common analytical tools. Chemically protected intermediates may themselves be biologically active or inactive.
Protected compounds may also exhibit altered, and in some cases, optimized properties ifZ vita°o and isa vivo, such as passage through cellular membranes and resistance to enzymatic degradation or sequestration. In this role, protected compounds with intended therapeutic effects may be referred to as prodrugs. Another function of a protecting group is to convert the parental drug into a prodrug, whereby the parental drug is released upon conversion of the prodrug in vivo. Because active prodrugs may be absorbed more effectively than the parental drug, prodrugs may possess greater potency i~c vavo than the parental drug. Protecting groups are removed either ih vitro, in the instance of chemical intermediates, or ifa vivo, in the case of prodrugs. With chemical intermediates, it is not particularly important that the resulting products after deprotection, e.g., alcohols, be physiologically acceptable, although in general it is more desirable if the products are pharmacologically innocuous.
Any reference to any of the compounds of the invention also includes a reference to a physiologically acceptable salt thereof. Examples of physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention include salts 3Q derived from an appropriate base, such as an alkali metal (for example, sodium), an allcaline earth (for example, magnesium), ammonium and NX4+ (wherein ~ is Cl-C~ alkyl). Physiologically acceptable salts of an hydrogen atom or an amino group include salts of organic carboxylic acids such as acetic, benzoic, lactic, _3g_ fumaric, tartaric, malefic, malonic, malic, isethionic, lactobionic and succinic acids; organic sulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic and p-toluenesulfonic acids; and inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric and sulfamic acids. Physiologically acceptable salts of a compound of an hydroxy group include the anion of said compound in combination with a suitable cation such as I~Ta and I~1~+ (wherein X is independently selected from H or a C1-C4 alkyl group).
For therapeutic use, salts of active ingredients of the compounds of the invention will be physiologically acceptable, i.e. they will be salts derived from a physiologically acceptable acid or base. However, salts of acids or bases which are not physiologically acceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification of a physiologically acceptable compound. All salts, whether or not derived form a physiologically acceptable acid or base, are within the scope of the present invention.
"Alkyl" is C 1-C 1 g hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary, tertiary or cyclic carbon atoms. Examples are methyl (Me, -CH3), ethyl (Et, -CH2CH3), 1-propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, -CH2CH2CH3), 2-propyl (i-Pr, i-propyl, -CH(CH3)2), 1-butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl, ~-CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-methyl-1-propyl (i-Bu, i-butyl, -CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-butyl (s-Bu, s-butyl, -CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-Bu, t-butyl, -C(CH3)3), 1-pentyl (n-pentyl, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-pentyl (-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3), 3-pentyl (-CH(CH2CH3)2), 2-methyl-2-butyl (-C(CH3)2CH2CH3), 3-methyl-2-butyl (-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2), 3-methyl-1-butyl (-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-methyl-1-butyl (-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 1-hexyl (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-hexyl (-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3), 3-hexyl (-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)), 2-methyl-2-pentyl (-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3), 3-methyl-2-pentyl (-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 4-methyl-2-pentyl (-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2), 3-methyl-3-pentyl (-C(CH3)(CH2CH3}2}, 2-methyl-3-pentyl (-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2), 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2), 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3.
"Alkenyl" is C2-Clg hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary, tertiary or cyclic carbon atoms with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e. a carbon-carbon, sp2 double bond. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethylene or vinyl (-CH=CH2), allyl (-CH2CH=CHa), cyclopentenyl (-CsH7), and 5-hexenyl (-CH2 CHZCHZCHZCH=CHa).
"Alkynyl" is C2-Clg hydrocarbon containing normal, secondary, tertiary or cyclic carbon atoms with at least one .site of unsaturation, i.e. a carbon-carbon, sp triple bond. Examples include, but are not limited to, acetylenic (-C=CH) and propargyl (-CH2C---CH), "Allcylene" refers to a saturated, branched or straight chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical of 1-1 ~ carbon atoms, and having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkane. Typical alkylene radicals include, but are not limited to, methylene (-CH2-) 1,2-ethyl (-CHZCH2-), 1,3-propyl (-CH2CH2CH2-), 1,4-butyl (-CH2CHzCHZCHz-), and the like.
"Alkenylene" refers to an unsaturated, branched or straight chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical of 2-1 ~ carbon atoms, and having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent alkene. Typical alkenylene radicals include, but are not limited to, 1,2-ethylene (-CH=CH-) "Alkynylene" refers to an unsaturated, branched or straight chain or cyclic hydrocarbon radical of 2-1 g carbon atoms, and having two monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbon atoms of a parent allcyne. Typical alkynylene radicals include, but are not limited to, acetylene (-C---C-), propargyl (-CHIC---C-), and 4-pentyiyl (-CHZCH2CH2C=CH-).
"Aryl" means a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical of 6-20 carbon atoms derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a siilgle carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from benzene, substituted benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, and the like.
"Arylall~yl" refers to an acyclic alkyl radical in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal or spa carbon atom, is replaced with an aryl radical. Typical arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 2-phenylethan-1-yl, , naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethan-y1, naphthobenzyl, 2-naphthophenylethan-1-yl and the like. The arylalkyl group comprises 6 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g., the alkyl moiety, including alkanyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups, of the arylalkyl group is 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the aryl moiety is 5 to 14 carbon atoms.
"Substituted alkyl", "substituted aryl", and "substituted arylalkyl" mean alkyl, aryl, and arylalkyl respectively, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are each independently replaced with a non-hydrogen substituent. Typical substituents include, but are not limited to, -X, -R, -~-, -OR, -SR, -S , -NRz, -~37 ~9 CX37 -CN, - , - ' - - _ ' ~ ' ' , ' a.7 - 29 ' 39 NC(=O)R, -C(=O)R, -C(=O)NRR -S(=O)zO-, -S(=O)zOH, -S(=O)ZR, -OS(=O)aOR, -S(=O)2NR, -S(=O)R, -oP(=o)OZRR,-P(=o)oZRR -P(=O)(O-)2, -P(=O)(OH)2, -C(=O)R, -C(=O)X, -C(S)R, -C(O)OR, -C(O)O-, -C(S)OR, -C(O)SR, -C(S)SR, -C(O)NRR, -C(S)NRR, -C(NR)NRR, where each X is independently a halogen: F, Cl, Br, or I; and each R is independently -H, alkyl, aryl, heterocycle, protecting group or prodrug moiety. Alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups may also be similarly substituted.
"Heterocycle" as used herein includes by way of example and not limitation these heterocycles described in Paquette, Leo A.; Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry (W.A. Benjamin, New York, 1968), particularly Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9; The Chemistry of Heterocyclic CompowZds, A
Series of Monographs" (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1950 to present), in particular Volumes 13, 14, 16, 19, and 28; and J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1960) 82:5566. In one specific embodiment of the invention "heterocycle" includes a "carbocycle" as defined herein, wherein one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4) carbon atoms have been replaced with a heteroatom (e.g. O, N, or S).
Examples of heterocycles include by Way of example and not limitation pyridyl, dihydroypyridyl, tetrahydropyridyl (piperidyl), thiazolyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, sulfur oxidized tetrahydrothiophenyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl, thianaphthalenyl, indolyl, indolenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, piperidinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, 2-pynrolidonyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl, azocinyl, triazinyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadiazinyl, 2H,6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, thienyl, thianthrenyl, pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxathinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, 1H-indazoly, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quino~~alinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, 4.aH-carbazolyl, carbazolyl, ~-earbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, furazanyl, phenoxazinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, piperazinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quinuclidinyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, oxindolyl, benzoxazolinyl, isatinoyl, and bis-tetrahydrofuranyl:
O
O
By way of example and not limitation, carbon bonded heterocycles are bonded at position 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridine, position 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridazine, position 2, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyrimidine, position 2, 3, 5, or 6 of a pyrazine, position 2, 3, 4, or 5 of a furan, tetrahydrofuran, thiofuran, thiophene, pyrrole or tetrahydropyrrole, position 2, 4, or 5 of an oxazole, imidazole or thiazole, position 3, 4, or 5 of an isoxazole, pyrazole, or isothiazole, position 2 or 3 of an aziridine, position 2, 3, or 4 of an azetidine, position 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of a quinoline or position 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of an isoquinoline. Still more typically, carbon bonded heterocycles include 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyridyl, 6-pyridyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 5-pyridazinyl, 6-pyridazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 6-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 3-pyrazinyl, 5-pyrazinyl, 6-pyrazinyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, or 5-thiazolyl.
By way of example and not limitation, nitrogen bonded heterocycles are bonded at position 1 of an aziridine, azetidine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, 2-pyrroline, 3-pyrraline, imidazole, imidazolidine, 2-imidazoline, 3-imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, 2-pyrazoline, 3-pyrazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indole, indoline, 1H-indazole, position 2 of a isoindole, or isoindoline, position 4 of a morpholine, and position 9 of a carbazole, or (3-carboline. Still more typically, nitrogen bonded heterocycles include 1-aziridyl, 1-azetedyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 1-imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, and 1-piperidinyl.
"Carbocycle" refers to a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring having 3 to 7 carbon atoms as a monocycle, 7 to 12 carbon atoms as a bicycle, and up to about 20 carbon atoms as a polycycle. Monocyclic carbocycles have 3 to 6 ring atoms, still more typically 5 or 6 ring atoms. Eicyclic carbocycles have 7 to ring atoms, e.g., arranged as a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] system, or 9 or ring atoms arranged as a bicyclo [5,6] or [6,6] system. Examples of monocyclic carbocycles include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-10 cyclohex-1-enyl, 1 ~ cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, phenyl, spiryl and naphthyl.
"Linker" or "link" refers to a chemical moiety comprising a covalent bond or a chain or group of atoms that covalently attaches a phosphonate group to a drug. Linkers include portions of substituents A1 and A3, which include moieties such as: repeating units of alkyloxy (e.g., polyethylenoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy) and alkylamino (e.g., polyethyleneamino, JeffamineTM); and diacid ester and amides including succinate, succinamide, diglycolate, malonate, and caproamide.
The term "chiral" refers to molecules which have the property of non-superimposability of the mirror image partner, while the term "achiral" refers to molecules which are superimposable on their mirror image partner.
The term "stereoisomers" refers to compounds which have identical chemical constitution, but differ with regard to the arrangement of the atoms or groups m space.
"Diastereomer" refers to a stereoisomer with two or more centers of chirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of one another.
Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g., melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivities. Mixtures of diastereomers may separate tinder high resolution analytical procedures such as electrophoresis and chromatography.
"Enantiomers" refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another.

The term "treatment" or "treating," to the extent it relates to a disease or condition includes preventing the disease or condition from occurring, inhibiting the disease or condition, eliminating the disease or condition, and/or relieving one or more symptoms of the disease or condition.
Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein generally follow S. P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (194) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New Fork; and Eliel, E. and Wilen, S., Stereochemistry of ~r~anic Compounds (1994) John Wiley c~ Sons, Inc., New York. Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. In describing an optically active compound, the prefixes D and L or R and S are used to denote the absolute configuration of the molecule about its chiral center(s). The prefixes d and 1 or (+) and (-) are employed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light by the compound, with (-) or 1 meaung that the compound is levorotatory. A
compound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory. For a given chemical structure, these stereoisomers are identical except that they are mirror images of one another. A specific stereoisomer may also be referred to as an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an enantiomeric mixture. A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process. The terms "racemic mixture" and "racemate" refer to an equimolar mixture of two enantiomeric species, devoid of optical activity.
Protectin Groups In the context of the present invention, protecting groups include prodrug moieties and chemical protecting groups.
Protecting groups are available, commonly known and used, and are optionally used to prevent side reactions with the protected group during synthetic procedures, i.e. routes or methods to prepare the compounds of the invention. For the most part the decision as to which groups to protect, when to do so, and the nature of the chemical protecting group "PG" will be dependent upon the chemistry of the reaction to be protected against (e.g., acidic, basic, oxidative, reductive or other conditions) and the intended direction of the synthesis. The PG groups do not need to be, and generally are not, the same if the compound is substituted with multiple PG. In general, PG will be used to protect functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, thin, or amino groups and to thus prevent side reactions or to otherwise facilitate the synthetic efficiency.
The order of deprotection to yield free, deprotected groups is dependent upon the intended direction of the synthesis and the reaction conditions t~ be encountered, and may occur in any oxder as determined by the artisan.
Various functional groups of the compounds of the invention may be protected. For example, protecting groups for -OH groups (whether hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, or other functions) include "ether- or ester-forming groups". Ether- or ester-forming groups are capable of functioiung as chemical protecting groups in the synthetic schemes set forth herein. However, some hydroxyl and thin protecting groups are neither ether- nor ester-forming groups, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, and are included with amides, discussed below.
~ A very large number of hydroxyl protecting groups and amide-forming groups and corresponding chemical cleavage reactions are described in Protective Groups in Org-anic Synthesis, Theodora W. Greene (Joan Wiley ~Z.
Sons, Inc., New York, 1991, ISBN 0-471-62301-6) ("Greene"). See also Kocienski, Philip J.; Protecting-Groups (Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, 1994), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. In particular Chapter 1, Protecting Groups: An Overview, pages 1-20, Chapter 2, Hydroxyl Protecting Groups, pages 21-94, Chapter 3, Diol Protecting Groups, pages 95-117, Chapter 4, Carboxyl Protecting Groups, pages 118-154, Chapter 5, Carbonyl Protecting Groups, pages 155-184. For protecting groups for carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonate, sulfonic acid and other protecting groups for acids see Greene as set forth below. Such groups include by way of example and.not limitation, esters, amides, hydrazides, and the like.
Ether- and Ester-forming_t~rotectin~ rg-oups Ester-forming groups include: (1) phosphonate ester-forming groups, such as phosphonamidate esters, phosphorothioate esters, phosphonate esters, and phosphon-bis-amidates; (2) carboxyl ester-forming groups, and (3) sulphur ester-forming groups, such as sulphonate, sulfate, and sulfinate.

The'phosphonate moieties of the compounds of the invention may or may not be prodrug moieties, i.e. they may or may not be susceptible to hydrolytic or enzymatic cleavage or modification. Certain ph~sphonate moieties are stable under most or nearly all metabolic conditions. For example, a dialkylphosphonate, where the alkyl groups are two or more carbons, may have appreciable stability in viv~ due to a slow rate of hydrolysis.
Within the context of phosphonate prodrug moieties, a large number of structurally-diverse prodrugs have been described for phosphoric acids (Freeman and Ross in Progress in l~Iedicinal Chemistry 34: 112-14.7 (1997)) and are included within the scope of the present invention. An exemplary phosphonate ester-forming group is the phenyl carbocycle in substructure A3 having the formula:
O
/O ~P/O R~
l /m1 Y~ ORS
R~ R~' O
wherein R1 may be H or C1-C12 alkyl; ml is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, and the phenyl carbocycle is substituted with 0 to 3 R2 groups. Where Yl is O, a lactate ester is formed, and where Yl is N(R2), N(ORZ) or N(N(R2)Z, a phosphonamidate ester results.
In its ester-forming role, a protecting group typically is bound to any acidic group such as, by way of example and not limitation, a -C02H or -C(S)OH group, thereby resulting in -C02R" where R" is defined herein. Also, R" for example includes the enumerated ester groups of WO 95!07920.
Examples of protecting groups include:
C3-C12 heterocycle (described above) or aryl. These aromatic groups optionally are polycyclic or monocyclic. Examples include phenyl, spiryl, 2-and 3-pyrrolyl, 2- and 3-thienyl, 2- and 4-imidazolyl, 2-, 4- and 5-oxazolyl, and 4-isoxazolyl, 2-, 4- and 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- and 5-isothiazolyl, 3- and 4-pyrazolyl, 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-pyridinyl, and 1-, 2-, 4- and 5-pyrimidinyl, C3-C12 heterocycle or aryl substituted with halo, Rl, Rl-O-C1-C12 alkylene, C1-C1~ alkoxy, CN, N02, OH, carboxy, caxboxyester, tliiol, thioester, C1-C1~ haloalkyl (1-6 halogen atoms), C2-Cl~ alkenyl or C~-C1~ alkynyl. such groups include 2-, 3- and 4-alkoxyphenyl (C1-C1~ alkyl), 2-, 3- and 4 methoxyphenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- and 3,5-diethoxyphenyl, 2- and 3-carboethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl, 2- and 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl, 2- and 3-ethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl, 2- and 3-ethoxy-6-hydroxyphenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-O-acetylphenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-methylmercaptophenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-halophenyl (including 2-, 3-and 4-fluorophenyl and 2-, 3- and 4-chlorophenyl), 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-and 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- and 3,5-biscarboxyethylphenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- and 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-and 3,5-dihalophenyl (including 2,4-difluorophenyl and 3,5-difluorophenyl), 2-, 3- and 4-haloalkylphenyl (1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C12 alkyl including 4-trifluoromethylphenyl), 2-, 3- and 4-cyanophenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-nitrophenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-haloalkylbenzyl (1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C12 alkyl including 4-trifluoromethylbenzyl and 2-, 3- and 4-trichloromethylphenyl and 2-, 3- and 4-trichloromethylphenyl), 4-N-methylpiperidinyl, 3-N-methylpiperidinyl, 1-ethylpiperazinyl, benzyl, alkylsalicylphenyl (C1-Cq. alkyl, including 2-, 3-and 4-ethylsalicylphenyl), 2-,3- and 4-acetylphenyl, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthyl (-ClpHg-OH) and aryloxy ethyl [C6-C9 aryl (including phenoxy ethyl)], 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-N,N-dialkylaminophenol, -C6Hq.CH2-N(CH3)2, trimethoxybenzyl, triethoxybenzyl, 2-alkyl pyridinyl (C1_q. alkyl);
Rl O(O)C
_-CH2 O C(O) O
> > ;C4_C8 esters of 2-carboxyphenyl; and C1-C4 alkylene-C3-C6 aryl (including benzyl, -CH~-pyrrolyl, -CHI-thienyl, -CH2-imidazolyl, -CH2-oxazolyl, -CH2-isoxazolyl, -CHI-thiazolyl, -CH2-isothiazolyl, -CH2-pyrazolyl, -CHI-pyridinyl and -CH~-pyrimidinyl) substituted in the aryl moiety by 3 to 5 halogen atoms or 1 to 2 atoms or groups selected from halogen, C1-C1~ alkoxy (including methoxy and ethoxy), cyano, vitro, OH, C1-C12 haloalkyl (1 to 6 halogen atoms; including -CH~CC13), C1-C12 alkyl (including methyl and ethyl), CZ-C12 alkenyl or C2-C12 alkynyl; alkoxy ethyl [C1-C6 alkyl including -CH2-CHI-O-CH3 (methoxy ethyl)]; alkyl substituted by any of the groups set forth above for aryl, in particular OH or by 1 to 3 halo atoms (including -CH3~ -CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)3, CH~CH3, -(CH~)2CH3~ -(CH2)3CH39 -(CH2)4CH3~ -(CH2)SCH39 -CH2CH2F, _ CH~CH~CI, -CH~CF3, and -CH2CC13); ~--~ ; -N-2-propylmorpholino, 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxyindene, sesamol, catechol monoester, -CH2-C(O)-N(Rl)~, -CHI-S(O)(Rl), -CH2-S(O)~(Rl), -CH2-CH(OC(O)CH~Rl)-CH~(OC(O)CH~Rl), cholesteryl, enolpyruvate (HOOC-C(=CH2)-), glycerol;
a 5 or 6 carbon monosaccharide, disaccharide or oligosaccharide (3 to 9 monosaccharide residues);
triglycerides such as a D-,Q-diglycerides (wherein the fatty acids composing glyceride lipids generally are naturally occurring saturated or unsaturated C6-26, C6-1s or C6_1o fatty acids such as linoleic, lauric, myristic, palinitic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic, linolenic and the like fatty acids) linked to acyl of the parental compounds herein through a glyceryl oxygen of the triglyceride;
phospholipids linked to the carboxyl group through the phosphate of the phospholipid;
phthalidyl (shown in Fig. 1 of Clayton et al., Antimic~ob. Agents ClZemo.
(1974) 5(6):670-671);
cyclic carbonates such as (5-Rd-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl) methyl esters (Sakamoto et al., Chem. Pha~Tya. Bull. (1984) 32(6)2241-2248) where Rd is Rl, R4 or aryl; and -CH~C(O)N~

The hydroxyl groups of the compounds of this invention optionally are substituted with ~ne of groups III, I~T or ~ disclosed in VUO 94/21604, or with isopropyl.
Table A lists examples of protecting group ester moieties that for example can be bonded via oxygen to -C(O)O- and -P(O)(O-)~, groups. Several amidates also are shown, which are bound directly to -C(O)- or -P(O)2. Esters of structures 1-5, 8-10 and 16, 17, 19-22 are synthesized by reacting the compound herein having a free hydroxyl with the corresponding halide (chloride or aryl chloride and the like) and N ,N-dicyclohexyl-N-morpholine carboxamidine (or another base such as I~BIJ, triethylamine, CsCO3, N,N-dimethylaniline and the like) in DMF (or other solvent such as acetonitrile or N-methylpyrrolidone).
When the compound to be protected is a phosphonate, the esters of structures 5-7, 1 l, 12, 21, and 23-26 are synthesized by reaction of the alcohol or alkoxide salt (or the corresponding amines in the case of compounds such as 13, 14 and 15) with the monochlorophosphonate or dichlorophosphonate (or another activated phosphonate).
TABLE A
1. -CH2-C(O) N(Rl)~ * 10. -CHI-O-C(O)-C(CH3)3 2. -CHZ-S(O)(R1) 11. -CHI,-CC13 3. -CH2-S(O)~(Rl) 12. -CgHs 4. -CHZ-O-C(O)-CHI-C6H5 13. -NH-CH2-C(O)O-CH~CH3 5. 3-cholesteryl 14. -N(CH3)-CH2-C(O)O-CH2CH3 6. 3-pyridyl ' 15. -NHRl 7. N-ethylmorpholino 16. -CH2-O-C(O)-C1pH15 8. -CHZ-O-C(O)-C6H5 17. -CH2-O-C(O)-CH(CH3)2 9. -CHI-O-C(O)-CH2CH3 18. -CH2-C*H(OC(O)CH~RI)-CHI-(OC(O)CH~,RI)*
-CH2C(O)NUO N 'w 19. 20. O H
HO
O
j H HO =CH 2-O-C(O) ~ N
21. HO
22.

CH 3 O(O)C

23. 24.

CH3CH2~(O)C -CHI ~ ~ OCH 3 / \
26. OCH 3 25.
# - chiral center is (R), (S) or racemate.
Other esters that are suitable for use herein are described in EP 632048.
Protecting groups also includes "double ester" forming profunctionalities such as -CH20C(O)OCH3, o -CH2SCOCH3, -CH20CON(CH3)2, or alkyl- or aryl-acyloxyalkyl groups of the structure -CH(RI or WS)O((CO)R37) or -CH(Rl or VVS)((CO)OR38) (linked to oxygen of the acidic group) wherein R37 and R38 are alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl groups (see U.S. Patent No. 4968788).
Frequently R37 and R3$ are bulky groups such as branched alkyl, ortho-substituted aryl, meta-substituted aryl, or combinations thereof, including normal, secondary, iso- and tertiary alkyls of 1-6 carbon atoms. An example is the pivaloyloxymethyl group. These axe, of particular use with prodrugs for oral administration. Examples of such useful protecting groups are alkylacyloxymethyl esters and their derivatives, including -~O
CH(CH2CH20CH3)OC(O)C(CH3)3, ~ ;
CH2OC(O)C1oH15, -CH2OC(O)C(CH3)3, -CH(CH~OCH3)OC(O)C(CH3)3, -CH(CH(CH3)~)OC(O)C(CH3)3, -CH~OC(O)CHZCH(CH3)2, -CH~OC(O)C6H11, -CH20C(O)C6H5, -CH~OC(O)C1pH15a - , CH~OC(O)CHZCH3, -CH~OC(O)CH(CH3)2 , -CH~OC(O)C(CH3)3 and -CH20C(O)CH2C6H5.

In some claims the protected acidic group is an ester of the acidic group and is the residue of a hydroxyl-containing functionality. In other claims, an amino compound is used to protect the acid functionality. The residues of suitable hydroxyl or amino-containing functionalities are set forth above or are f~und in WO 95/07920. Of particular interest are the residues of amino acids, amino acid esters, polypeptides, or aryl alcohols. Typical amino acid, polypeptide and carboxyl-esterified amino acid residues are described on pages 11-18 and related text of WO 95107920 as gTOUps L1 or L2. WO 95/07920 expressly teaches the amidates of phosphonic acids, but it will be understood that such amidates are formed with any of the acid groups set forth herein and the amino acid residues set forth in WO 95107920.
Typical esters for protecting acidic functionalities are also described in WO 95/07920, again understanding that the same esters can be formed with the acidic groups herein as with the phosphonate of the '920 publication. Typical ester groups are defined at least on WO 95/07920 pages 89-93 (under R31 or R35), the table on page 105, and pages 21-23 (as R). Of particular interest are esters of unsubstituted aryl such as phenyl or arylalkyl such benzyl, or hydroxy-, halo-, alkoxy-, carboxy- and/or alkylestercarboxy-substituted aryl or alkylaryl, especially phenyl, ortho-ethoxyphenyl, or C1-Cq. alkylestercarboxyphenyl (salicylate C1-C12 alkylesters).
The protected acidic groups, particularly when using the esters or amides of WO 95/07920, are useful as prodrugs for oral administration. However, it is not essential that the acidic group be protected in order for the compounds of this invention to be effectively administered by the oral route. When the compounds of the invention having protected groups, in particular amino acid amidates or substituted and unsubstituted aryl esters are administered systemically or orally they are capable of hydrolytic cleavage in vivo to yield the free acid.
One or more of the acidic hydroxyls are protected. If more than one acidic hydroxyl is protected then the same or a different protecting group is employed, e.g., the esters may be different or the same, or a mixed amidate and ester may be used.
Typical hydroxy protecting groups described in Greene (pages 14-118) include substituted methyl and alkyl ethers, substituted benzyl ethers, silyl ethers, esters including sulfonic acid esters, and carbonates. For example:
~ Ethers (methyl, t-butyl, allyl);
~ Substituted Methyl Ethers (Methoxymethyl, Methylthiomethyl, t-Butylthiomethyl, (Phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl, Benzyloxymethyl, p-Methoxybenzyloxymethyl, (4-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl, C~uaiacohnethyl, t-Butoxymethyl, 4-Pentenyloxymethyl, Siloxymethyl, 2-Methoxyethoxymethyl, 2,2,2-Trichloroethoxymethyl, Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methyl, 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, Tetrahydropyranyl, 3-Bromotetrahydropyranyl, Tetrahydropthiopyranyl, 1-Methoxycyclohexyl, 4-Methoxytetrahydropyranyl, 4-Methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl, 4-Methoxytetrahydroptluopyranyl S,S-Dioxido, 1-[(2-Chloro-4-methyl)phenyl]-4-methoxypiperidin-4-yl, 1,4-Dioxan-2-yl, Tetrahydrofuranyl, Tetrahydrothiofuranyl, 2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7-methanobenzofuran-2-yl));
~ Substituted Ethyl Ethers (1-Ethoxyethyl, 1-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethyl, 1-Methyl-1-methoxyethyl, 1-Methyl-1-benzyloxyethyl, 1-Methyl-1-benzyloxy-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl, 2-Trimethylsilylethyl, 2-(Phenylselenyl)ethyl, ~ p-Chlorophenyl, p-Methoxyphenyl, 2,4-Dinitrophenyl, Benzyl);
~ Substituted Benzyl Ethers (p-Methoxybenzyl, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl, o-Nitrobenzyl, p-Nitrobenzyl, p-Halobenzyl, 2,6-Dichlorobenzyl, p-Cyanobenzyl, p-Phenylbenzyl, 2- and 4-Picolyl, 3-Methyl-2-picolyl N
Oxido, Diphenylmethyl, pp'-Dinitrobenzhydryl, 5-Dibenzosuberyl, Triphenylmethyl, a-Naphthyldiphenylmethyl, p-methoxyphenyldiphenylmethyl, Di(p-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl, Tri(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl, 4-(4'-Bromophenacyloxy)phenyldiphenylmethyl, 4,4',4"-Tris(4,5-dichlorophthalimidophenyl)methyl, 4,4',4"-Tris(levulinoyloxyphenyl)methyl, 4,4',4"-Tris(benzoyloxyphenyl)methyl, 3-(Imidazol-1-ylmethyl)bis(4',4"-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl, 1,1-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1'-pyrenylmethyl, 9-Anthryl, 9-(9-Phenyl)xanthenyl, 9-(9-Phenyl-10-oxo)anthryl, 1,3-Benzodithiolan-2-yl, Benzisothiazolyl S,S-Dioxido);
Silyl Ethers (Trimethylsilyl, Triethylsilyl, Triisopropylsilyl, Dimethylisopropylsilyl, Diethylisopropylsilyl, Dimethylthexylsilyl, t-Butyldimethylsilyl, t-Butyldiphenylsilyl, Tribenzylsilyl, Tri p-xylylsilyl, Triphenylsilyl, Diphenylmethylsilyl, t-Butylinethoxyphenylsilyl);
~ Esters (Formats, Benzoylformate, Acetate, Choroacetate, Dichloroacetate, Trichloroacetate, Trifluoroacetate, I~letho~~yacetate, Triphenylmethoxyacetate, Phenoxyacetate, p-Chlorophenoxyacetate, p-poly-Phenylacetate, 3-Phenylpropionate, 4-Oxopentanoate (Levulinate), 4,4-(Ethylenedithio)pentanoate, Pivaloate, Adaanantoate, Crotonate, 4-Methoxycrotonate, Benzoate, p-Phenylbenzoate, 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoate (Mesitoate));
~ Carbonates (Methyl, 9-Fluorenylmethyl, Ethyl, 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl, 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl, 2-(Phenylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-(Triphenylphosphonio)ethyl, Isobutyl, Vinyl, Allyl, p-Nitrophenyl, Benzyl, p-Methoxybenzyl, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl, o-Nitrobenzyl, p-Nitrobenzyl, S
Benzyl Thiocarbonate, 4-Ethoxy-1-naphthyl, Methyl Dithiocarbonate);
~ Groups With Assisted Cleavage (2-Iodobenzoate, 4-Azidobutyrate, 4-Nitro-4-methylpentanoate, o-(Dibromomethyl)benzoate, 2-Formylbenzenesulfonate, 2-(Methylthiomethoxy)ethyl Carbonate, 4-(Methylthiomethoxy)butyrate, 2-(Methylthiornethoxymethyl)benzoate);
Miscellaneous Esters (2,6-Dichloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate, 2,6-Dichloro-4-(1,1,3,3 tetramethylbutyl)phenoxyacetate, 2,4-Bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenoxyacetate, Chlorodiphenylacetate, Isobutyrate, Monosuccinate, (~-2-Methyl-2-butenoate (Tigloate), o-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoate, p-poly-Benzoate, a Naphthoate, Nitrate, Alkyl N,N,N;N'-Tetramethylphosphorodiamidate, N Phenylcarbamate, Borate, Dimethylphosphinothioyl, 2,4-Dinitrophenylsulfenate); and ~ Sulfonates (Sulfate, Methanesulfonate (Mesylate), Benzylsulfonate, Tosylate).
Typical 1,2-diol protecting groups (thus, generally where two OH groups are talcen together with the protecting functionality) are described in Greens at pages 118-142 and include Cyclic Acetals and Ketals (Methylene, Ethylidene, 1-t-Butylethylidene, 1-Phenylethylidene, (4-Methoxyphenyl)ethylidene, 2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene, Acetonide (Isopropylidene), Cyclopentylidene, Cyclohexylidene, Cycloheptylidene, Benzylidene, p-Methoxybenzylidene, 2,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene, 2-Nitrobenzylidene); Cyclic Ortho Esters (Methoxymethylene, Ethoxymethylene, Dimethoxymethylene, 1-Methoxyethylidene, 1-Ethoxyethylidine, 1,2-Dimethoxyethylidene, a-Methoxyben~ylidene, 1-(l~l~ Dimethylamino)ethylidene Derivative, ~ -(I~IV
Dimethylamino)ben~ylidene Derivative, 2-Oxacyclopentylidene); Silyl Derivatives (Di-t-butylsilylene Group, 1,3-(1,1,3,3-Tetraisopropyldisiloxanylidene), and Tetra-t-butoxydisiloxane-1,3-diylidene), Cyclic Carbonates, Cyclic Boronates, Ethyl Boronate and Phenyl Boronate.
More typically, 1,2-diol protecting groups include those shown in Table B, still more typically, epoxides, acetonides, cyclic ketals and aryl acetals.
Table B
r~ r~ r o ~ O O
° ° ° °. ,° °~ o ° ° O O
r o r ~ _ r ~c _ r ~c ~P' R90~N O R9O N' ~O R9O N~ oO O
R9O O ~ ~~~ 9 sPW
O O O RO O
wherein R9 is C1-C6 alkyl.
Amino protecting r~o~s Another set of protecting groups include any of the typical amino protecting groups described by Greene at pages 315-385. They include:
~ Carbamates: (methyl and ethyl, 9-fluorenylinethyl, 9(2-sulfo)fluorenylmethyl, 9-(2,7-dibromo)fluorenylmethyl, 2,7-di-t-butyl-[9-(10,10-dioxo-10,10,10,10-tetrahydrothioxanthyl)]methyl, 4-methoxyphenacyl);
Substituted Ethyl: (2,2,2-trichoroethyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-(1-adamantyl)-1-methylethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-haloethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2,2-dibromoethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 1-methyl-1-(4-biphenylyl)ethyl, 1-(3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-1-methylethyl, 2-(2'- and 4'-pyridyl)ethyl, 2-(N,N dicyclohexylcarboxamido)ethyl, t-butyl, 1-adamantyl, vinyl, allyl, 1-isopropylallyl, cinnamyl, 4-nitrocimlamyl, 8-quinolyl, N
hydroxypiperidinyl, alkyldithio, betlzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, p-ntrobenzyl, p-bromobenzyl, p-chlorobenzyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl, 4-methylsulfinylbenzyl, 9-anthrylmethyl, diphenylmethyl);
~ Groups With Assisted Cleavage: (2-methylthioethyl, 2-methylsulfonylethyl, 2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)ethyl, [2-(1,3-dithianyl)]methyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 2,4-dimethylthiophenyl, 2-phosphonioethyl, 2-triphenylphosphonioisopropyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-cyanoethyl, m-choro p-acyloxybenzyl, p-(dihydroxyboryl)benzyl, 5-benzisoxazolylmethyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)-6-chromonylinethyl);
~ Groups Capable of Photolytic Cleavage: (m-nitrophenyl, 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzyl, phenyl(o-nitrophenyl)methyl); Urea-Type Derivatives (phenothiazinyl-(10)-carbonyl, N ~-toluenesulfonylaminocarbonyl, N'-phenylaminothiocarbonyl);
~ Miscellaneous Carbamates: (t-amyl, S'-benzyl tliiocarbamate, p-cyanobenzyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylmethyl, p-decyloxybenzyl, diisopropylmethyl, 2,2-dimethoxycarbonylvinyl, o-(N,N
dimethylcarboxamido)benzyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(N,N
dimethylcarboxamido)propyl, 1,1-dimethylpropynyl, di(2-pyridyl)methyl, 2-furanylmethyl, 2-Iodoethyl, Isobornyl, Isobutyl, Isonicotinyl, p-(p'-Methoxyphenylazo)benzyl, 1-methylcyclobutyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, 1-methyl-1-cyclopropylmethyl, 1-methyl-1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl, 1-methyl-1-(p-phenylazophenyl)ethyl, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl, 1-methyl-1-(4-pyridyl)ethyl, phenyl, p-(phenylazo)benzyl, 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl, 4-(trimethylammonium)benzyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl);
~ Amides: (N formyl, N acetyl, N choroacetyl, N trichoroacetyl, N
trifluoroacetyl, N phenylacetyl, N 3-phenylpropionyl, N picolinoyl, N 3 pyridylcarboxamide, N benzoylphenylalanyl, N benzoyl, N p phenylb enzoyl);
~ Amides With Assisted Cleavage: (N o-nitrophenylacetyl, N o-nitrophenoxyacetyl, N acetoacetyl, (N'-dithiobenzyloxycarbonylamino)acetyl, N 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl, N
3-(o-nitrophenyl)propionyl, N 2-methyl-2-(o-nitrophenoxy)propionyl, N 2-methyl-2-(o-phenylazophenoxy)propionyl, N 4-chlorobutyryl, N 3-methyl-3-nitrobutyryl, l~ ~-nitrocinnamoyl, l~ acetylmethionine, IV ~-nitrobenzoyl, I
o-(benzoyloxymethyl)benzoyl, 4,5-Biphenyl-3-oxazolin-2-one);
~ Cyclic Imide Derivatives: (N phthalimide, N dithiasuccinoyl, N 2,3-diphenylmaleoyl, IV 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl, N 1,1,4,4-tetramethyldisilylazacyclopentane adduct, 5-substituted 1,3-dimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexan-2-one, 5-substituted 1,3-dibenzyl-1,3-5-triazacyclohexan-2-one, 1-substituted 3,5-dinitro-4-pyridonyl);
~ N Alkyl and N Aryl Amines: (N methyl, N allyl, N [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl, N 3-acetoxypropyl, N (1-isopropyl-4-nitro-2-oxo-3-pyrrolin-3-yl), Quaternary Ammonium Salts, N benzyl, N di(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl, N 5-dibenzosuberyl, N triphenylmethyl, N (4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl, N 9-phenylfluorenyl, N 2,7-dichloro-9-fluorenylmethylene, N ferrocenylmethyl, N 2-picolylamine N-oxide);
~ Imine Derivatives: (N 1,1-dimethylthiomethylene, N benzylidene, N p-methoxybenylidene, N diphenylinethylene, N [(2-pyridyl)mesityl]methylene, N,(N,N-dimethylaminomethylene, N,N-isopropylidene, N p-nitrobenzylidene, N salicylidene, N 5-chlorosalicylidene, N (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethylene, N cyclohexylidene);
~ Enamine Derivatives: (N (5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexenyl));
~ N Metal Derivatives (N borane derivatives, N diphenylborinic acid derivatives, N [phenyl(pentacarbonylchromium- or -tungsten)]carbenyl, N
copper or N zinc chelate);
~ N-N Derivatives: (N nitro, N nitroso, N oxide);
~ N-P Derivatives: (N diphenylphosphinyl, N dimethylthiophosphinyl, N
diphenylthiophosphinyl, N dialkyl phosphoryl, N dibenzyl phosphoryl, N
Biphenyl phosphoryl);
~ N-Si Derivatives, N-S Derivatives, and N-Sulfenyl Derivatives: (N
benzenesulfenyl, N o-nitrobenzenesulfenyl, N 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl, N
pentachlorobenzenesulfenyl, N 2-nitro-4-methoxybenzenesulfenyl, N

triphenylinethylsulfenyl, N 3-nitropyridinesulfenyl); and N sulfonyl Derivatives (Np-toluenesulfonyl, N benzenesulfonyl, N 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl, N 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzenesulfonyl, N 2,6-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl, N pentamethylbemenesulfonyl, N
2,3,5,6,-tetramethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl, 1T 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl, N x,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl, N ~,6-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzenesulfonyl, N 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl, N methanesulfonyl, N ~3-trimethylsilyethanesulfonyl, N 9-anthracenesulfonyl, N 4-(4',8'-dimethoxynaphthylmethyl)benzenesulfonyl, N benzylsulfonyl, N trifluoromethylsulfonyl, N phenacylsulfonyl).
More typically, protected amino groups include carbamates and amides, still more typically, -NHC(O)Rl or -N=CR1N(Rl)2. Another protecting group, also useful as a prodrug for amino or -NH(RS), is:
O
o~ o 0 See for example Alexander, J. et al. (1996) J. Med. ClZem. 39:480-486.
Amino acid and polypeptide protectin~,~:roup and conl_u~~ates An amino acid or polypeptide protecting group of a compound of the invention has the structure R15NHCH(R~6)C(O)-, where Rls is H, an amino acid or polypeptide residue, or R5, and R16 is defined below.
R16 is lower alkyl or lower alkyl (C1-C6) substituted with amino, carboxyl, amide, carboxyl ester, hydroxyl, C~-C~ aryl, guanidinyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, sulfhydryl, sulfoxide, and/or alkylphosphate. R1° also is taken together with the amino acid a N to form a proline residue (R1° _ -CH2)3-).
However, Rl° is generally the side group of a naturally-occurnng amino acid such as H, -CH3, -CH(CH3)a, -CHa-CH(CH3)2, -CHCH3-CH2-CH3, -CH2-C6H5, -CH2CH~_ S-CH3, -CH~OH, -CH(OH)-CH3, -CHI-SH, -CHZ-C~Hq.OH, -CH2-CO-NH2, -CH2-CHa-CO-NHS, -CHI-COOH, -CHI-CH2-COOH, -(CH~)q.-NHS and -(CH2)3-NH-C(I~TH2)-NH~. Rlo also includes 1-guanidinoprop-3-yl, benzyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl, imidazol-4-yl, indol-3-yl, methoxyphenyl and ethoxyphenyl.
_ 57 Another set of protecting groups include the residue of an amino-containing compound, in particular an amino acid, a polypeptide, a protecting group, -NHS02R~ NHC(O)R, -N(R)2, NH2 or -NH(R)(H), whereby for example a carboxylic acid is reacted, i.e. coupled, with the amine to form an amide, as in C(O)NR~. A phosphonic acid may be reacted with the amine to form a phosphonamidate, as in -P(O)(OR)(NRZ).
In general, amino acids have the structure R17C(O)CH(R16)NH-, where R17 is -OH, -OR, an amino acid or a polypeptide residue. Amino acids are low molecular weight compounds, on the order of less than about 1000 I~LV6l and which contain at least one amino or imino group and at least one carboxyl group.
Generally the amino acids will be found in nature, i.e., can be detected in biological material such as bacteria or other microbes, plants, animals or man.
Suitable amino acids typically are alpha amino acids, i.e. compounds characterized by one amino or imino nitrogen atom separated from the carbon atom of one carboxyl group by a single substituted or unsubstituted alpha carbon atom. Of particular interest are hydrophobic residues such as mono-or di-alkyl or aryl amino acids, cycloalkylamino acids and the like. These residues contribute to cell permeability by increasing the partition coefficient of the parental drug. Typically, the residue does not contain a sulfliydryl or guanidino substituent.
Naturally-occurring amino acid residues are those residues found naturally in plants, animals or microbes, especially proteins thereof.
Polypeptides most typically will be substantially composed of such naturally-occurring amino acid residues. These amino acids are glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, hydroxylysine, arginine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, asparagine, glutamine and hydroxyproline. Additioyally, unnatural amino acids, for example, valanine, phenylglycine and homoarginine are also included. Commonly encountered amino acids that are not gene-encoded may also be used in the present invention. All of the amino acids used in the present invention may be either the D- or L- optical isomer. In addition, other peptidomimetics are also useful in the present invention. For a general review, see Spatola, A. F., in Chemistry and Biochemistry of Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins, B. Weinstein, eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, p. 267 (1983).
When protecting groups are single amino acid residues or polypeptides they optionally are substituted at R3 of substituents Al, A2 or A3 in Formula I.
These conjugates axe produced by forming an amide bond between a carboxyl group of the amino acid (or C-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide for example). Similarly, conjugates are formed between R3 (Formula I) and an amino group of an amino acid or polypeptide. generally, only one of any site in the parental molecule is amidated with an amino acid as described herein, although it is within the scope of this invention to introduce amino acids at more than one permitted site. Usually, a carboxyl group of R3 is a~nidated with an amino acid. In general, the cx-amino or a carboxyl group of the amino acid or the terminal amino or carboxyl group of a polypeptide are bonded to the parental functionalities, i.e., carboxyl or amino groups in the amino acid side chains generally are not used to form the amide bonds with the parental compound (although these groups may need to be protected during synthesis of the conjugates as described further below).
With respect to the carboxyl-containing side chains of amino acids or polypeptides it will be understood that the carboxyl group optionally will be blocked, e.g., by Ri, esterified with R5 or amidated. Similarly, the amino side chains R16 optionally will be blocked with Rl or substituted with R5.
Such ester or amide bonds with side chain amino or carboxyl groups, like the esters or amides with the parental molecule, optionally are hydrolyzable ifa vivo or in vitro under acidic (pH <3) or basic (pH >10) conditions.
Alternatively, they are substantially stable in the gastrointestinal tract of humans but are hydrolyzed enzymatically in blood or in intracellular environments.
The esters or amino acid or polypeptide amidates also are useful as intermediates for the preparation of the parental molecule containing free amino or carboxyl groups. The free acid or base of the parental compound, for example, is readily formed from the esters or amino acid or polypeptide conjugates of this invention by conventional hydrolysis procedures.
When an amino acid residue contains one or more chiral centers, any of the D, L, meso, threo or erythro (as appropriate) racemates, stalemates or mixtures thereof may be used. In general, if the intermediates are to be hydrolyzed non-enzymatically (as would be the case where the amides are used as chemical intermediates for the free acids or free amines), D isomers are useful. On the other hand, L isomers are more versatile since they can be susceptible to both non-enzymatic and enzymatic hydrolysis, and are more efficiently transported by aanino acid or dipeptidyl transport systems in the gastrointestinal tract.
Examples of suitable amino acids whose residues are represented by R"
or RY include the following:
Glycine;
Aminopolycarboxylic acids, e.g., aspartic acid, (3-hydroxyaspartic acid, glutamic acid, (~ -hydroxyglutamic acid, /3-methylaspartic acid, ,Q-methylglutamic acid, ,Q, ~3-dimethylaspartic acid, 'y hydroxyglutamic acid, (3, y dihydroxyglutamic acid, (3 -phenylglutamic acid, 'y methyleneglutamic acid, 3-aminoadipic acid, aminopimelic acid, 2-aminosuberic acid and 2-aminosebacic acid;
Amino acid amides such as glutamine and asparagine;
Polyamino- or polybasic-monocarboxylic acids such as arginine, lysine, (3 -aminoalanine, °y -aminobutyrine, ornithine, citruline, homoarginine, homocitrulline, hydroxylysine, allohydroxylsine and diaminobutyric acid;
Other basic amino acid residues such as histidine;
Diaminodicarboxylic acids such as c~ a'-diaminosuccinic acid, a, cx'-diaminoglutaric acid, a, a'-diaminoadipic acid, a, cx'-diaminopimelic acid, c~
a'-diamino- ,Q-hydroxypimelic acid, c~ a'-diaminosuberic acid, a, a'-diaminoazelaic acid, and a, a'-diaminosebacic acid;
Imino acids such as proline, hydroxyproline, allohydroxyproline, 'y methylproline, pipecolic acid, 5-hydroxypipecolic acid, and azetidine-2-carboxylic acid;
A mono- or di-alkyl (typically C1-Cg branched or normal) amino acid such as alanine, valine, leucine, allylglycine, butyrine, norvaline, norleucine, heptyline, o~-methylserine, ~ amino-a methyl-~y hydroxyvaleric acid, o~-amino-a methyl-8-hydroxyvaleric acid, a amino- a methyl-E-hydroxycaproic acid, isovaline, cx-methylglutamic acid, ~ aminoisobutyric acid, tx aminodiethylacetic acid, a aminodiisopropylacetic acid, a aminodi-n-propylacetic acid, a-aminodiisobutylacetic acid, cx aminodi-n-butylacetic acid, a aminoethylisopropylacetic acid, a-amino-n-propylacetic acid, cx aminodiisoamyacetic acid, a methylaspartic acid, a methylglutamic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, isoleucine, alloisoleucine, tef°t-leucine, ,~-methyltryptophan and c~ amino- ~'-ethyl-,~-phenylpropionic acid;
,~-phenylserinyl;
Aliphatic ex amino-~3-hydroxy acids such as serine, (3-hydroxyleucine, ~-hydroxynorleucine, (3 -hydroxynorvaline, and ~-amino-j3-hydroxystearic acid;
~-Amino, ~ , 'y , b- or ~-hydroxy acids such as homoserine, S -hydroxynorvaline, °y hydroxynorvaline and E-hydroxynorleucine residues;
canavine and canaline; 'y-hydroxyornithine;
2-hexosaminic acids such as D-glucosaminic acid or D-galactosaminic acid;
a-Amino-,Q-thiols such as penicillamine, ,~-thiolnorvaline or ,~-thiolbutyrine;
Other sulfur containing amino acid residues including cysteine;
homocystine, ~3-phenylmethionine, methionine, S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, 2-thiolhistidine, cystathionine, and thiol ethers of cysteine or homocysteine;
Phenylalanine, tryptophan and ring-substituted a amino acids such as the phenyl- or cyclohexylamino acids a aminophenylacetic acid, a aminocyclohexylacetic acid and a amino-~3-cyclohexylpropionic acid;
phenylalanine analogues, and derivatives comprising aryl, lower alkyl, hydroxy, guanidino, oxyalkylether, vitro, sulfur or halo-substituted phenyl (e.g., tyrosine, methyltyrosine and o-chloro-, p-chloro-, 3,4-dichloro, o-, gin- orp-methyl-, 2,4,6-trimethyl-, 2-ethoxy-5-vitro-, 2-hydroxy-5-vitro- and p-vitro-phenylalanine);
furyl-, thienyl-, pyridyl-, pyrimidinyl-, purinyl- or naphthyl-alanines; and tiyptophan analogues and derivatives including kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 2-hydroxytryptophan and 4-carboxytryptophan;
a Amino substituted amino acids including sarcosine (N-methylglycine), N-benzylglycine, N-methylalanine, N-benzylalanine, N-methylphenylalanine, N-benzylphenylalanine, N-methylvaline and N-benzylvaline; and oe PIydroxy and substituted c~ -hydroxy amino acids including serine, threonine, allothreonine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine.

Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids in which a carboxyl group of one amino acid monomer is bonded to an amino or imino group of the next amino acid monomer by an amide bond. Polypeptides include dipeptides, low molecular weight polypeptides (about 1500-50001VTW) and proteins. Proteins optionally contain 3, 5, 10, 50, 75, 100 or more residues, and suitably are substantially sequence-homologous with human, animal, plant or microbial proteins. They include enzymes (e.g., hydrogen peroxidase) as well as immunogens such as I~LH, or antibodies or proteins of any type against which one wishes to raise an immune response. The nature and identity of the polypeptide may vary widely.
The polypeptide amidates are useful as immunogens in raising antibodies against either the polypeptide (if it is not immunogenic in the animal to which it is administered) or, against the epitopes on the remainder of the compound of this invention.
Antibodies capable of binding to the parental non-peptidyl compound are used to separate the parental compound from mixtures, for example in diagnosis or manufacturing of the parental compound. The conjugates of parental compound and polypeptide generally are more immunogenic than the polypeptides in closely homologous animals, and therefore make the polypeptide more immunogenic for facilitating raising antibodies against it. Accordingly, the polypeptide or protein may not need to be immunogenic in an animal typically used to raise antibodies, e.g., rabbit, mouse, horse, or rat, but the final product conjugate should be immunogenic in at least one of such animals. The polypeptide optionally contains a peptidolytic enzyme cleavage site at the peptide bond between the first and second residues adjacent to the acidic heteroatom. Such cleavage sites are flanked by enzymatic recognition structures, e.g., a particular sequence of residues recognized by a peptidolytic enzyme.
Peptidolytic enzymes for cleaving the polypeptide conjugates of this invention are well known, and in particular include carboxypeptidases.
Carboxypeptidases digest polypeptides by removing C-terminal residues, and are specific in many instances for particular C-terminal sequences. Such enzymes and their substrate requirements in general are well known. For example, a dipeptide (having a given pair of residues and a free carboxyl terminus) is covalently bonded through its a amino group to the phosphorus or carbon atoms of the compounds herein. In claims where W1 is phosphonate it is expected that this peptide will be cleaved by the appropriate peptidolytic enzyme, leaving the carboxyl of the pro~~imal amino acid residue to autocatalytically cleave the phosphonoamidate bond.
Suitable dipeptidyl groups (designated by their single letter code) are 7 7 3 7 7 9 7 5 ) 7 9 9 9 9 7 7 9 9 7 9 9 7 7 7 7 ) 9 9 9 7 9 7 ) 7 RP, RS, RT, RW, RY, RV, NA, NR, NN, ND, NC, NE, NQ, NG, NH, NI, NL, NK, NM, NF, NP, NS, NT, NW, NY, NV, DA, DR, DN, DD, DC, DE, DQ, DG, DH, DI, DL, DK, DM, DF, DP, DS, DT, DW, DY, DV, CA, CR, CN, CD, CC, CE, CQ, CG, CH, CI, CL, CK, CM, CF, CP, CS, CT, CW, CY, CV, EA, ER, EN, ED, EC, EE, EQ, EG, EH, EI, EL, EK, EM, EF, EP, ES, ET, EW, EY, EV, QA, QR, QN, QD, QC, QE, QQ, QG, QH, QI, QL, QK, QM, QF, QP, QS, QT, QW, QY, QV, GA, GR, GN, GD, GC, GE, GQ, GG, GH, GI, GL, GK, GM, GF, GP, GS, GT, GW, GY, GV,; HA, HR, HN, HD, HC, HE, HQ, HG, HH, HI, HL, HK, HM, HF, HP, HS, HT, HW, HY, HV, IA, IR, IN, lD, IC, IE, IQ, IG, IH, II, IL, IK, IM, IF, IP, IS, IT, IW, IY, IV, LA, LR, LN, LD, LC, LE, LQ, LG, LH, LI, LL, LK, LM, LF, LP, LS, LT, LW, LY, LV, KA, KR, KN, KD, KC, KE, KQ, KG, KH, KI, KL, KK, KM, KF, KP, KS, KT, KW, KY, KV, MA, MR, MN, MD, MC, ME, MQ, MG, MH, MI, ML, MK; MM, MF, MP, MS, MT, MW, MY, MV, FA, FR, FN, FD, FC, FE, FQ, FG, FH, FI, FL, FK, FM, FF, FP, FS, FT, FW, FY, FV, PA, PR, PN, PD, PC, PE, PQ, PG, PH, PI, PL, PK, PM, PF, PP, PS, PT, PW, PY, PV, SA, SR, SN, SD, SC, SE, SQ, SG, SH, SI, SL, SK, SM, SF, SP, SS, ST, SW, SY, SV, TA, TR, TN, TD, TC, TE, TQ, TG, TH, TI, TL, TK, TM, TF, TP, TS, TT, TW, TY, TV, WA, WR, WN, WD, WC, WE, WQ, WG, WH, WI, WL, WK, WM, WF, WP, WS, WT, WW, WY, WV, YA, YR, YN, YD, YC, YE, YQ, YG, YH, YI, YL, YK, YM, YF, YP, YS, YT, YW, YY, YV, VA, VR, VN, VD, VC, VE, VQ, VG, VH, VI, VL, VK, VM, VF, VP, VS, VT, VW, VY and VV.
Tripeptide residues are also useful as protecting groups. When a phosphonate is to be protected, the sequence -X4-pro-XS- (where X4 is any amino acid residue and XS is an amino acid residue, a carboxyl ester of proline, or hydrogen) will be cleaved by luminal carboxypeptidase to yield X4 with a free carboxyl, which in turn is expected to autocatalytically cleave the phosphonoamidate bond. The carboxy group of XS optionally is esterified with beryl.
I~ipeptide or tripeptide species cane be selected on the basis of known transport properties and/or susceptibility to peptidases that can affect transport to intestinal mucosal or other cell types. Dipeptides and tripeptides lacking an amino group are transport substrates for the peptide transporter found in brush border membrane of intestinal mucosal cells (Bai, J.P.F., (1992) Plza~na Res.
9:969-97~). Transport competent peptides can thus be used to enhance bioavailability of the amidate compounds. Di- or tripeptides having one or more amino acids in the D configuration are also compatible with peptide transport and can be utilized in the amidate compounds of this invention. Amino acids in the D configuration can be used to reduce the susceptibility of a di- or tripeptide to hydrolysis by proteases common to the brush border such as aminopeptidase N. In addition, di- or tripeptides alternatively are selected on the basis of their relative resistance to hydrolysis by proteases found in the lumen of the intestine.
For example, tripeptides or polypeptides lacking asp and/or glu are poor substrates for aminopeptidase A, di- or tripeptides lacking amino acid residues on the N-terminal side of hydrophobic amino acids (leu, tyr, phe, val, trp) are poor substrates for endopeptidase, and peptides lacking a pro residue at the penultimate position at a flee carboxyl terminus are poor substrates for carboxypeptidase P. Similar considerations can also be applied to the selection of peptides that are either relatively resistant or relatively susceptible to hydrolysis by cytosolic, renal, hepatic, serum or other peptidases. Such poorly cleaved polypeptide amidates are immunogens or are useful for bonding to proteins in order to prepare immunogens.
Specific Embodiments of the Invention Specific values described for radicals, substituents, and ranges, as well as specific embodiments of the invention described herein, are for illustration only;
they do not exclude other defined values or other values within defined ranges.

In one specific embodiment of the invention, the conjugate is a compound that is substituted with one or more phosphonate groups either directly or indirectly through a linker; and that is optionally substituted with one or more groups A°; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
A° 15 A1, AZ or ~3;
A1 15:
Y~
~~6 M12b Aa is:

\W3 l M12b .
A3 is:
Rx Y2~ Y2 wY2~
~Rx M2 M12b Y1 is independently O, S, N(R."), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), or N(N(RX)( RX));
YZ is independently a bond, O, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), N(N(R")( R"))~ -s(O)~a-~ or -S(O)Ma-S(O)Ma-R" is independently H, Rl, V~3, a protecting group, or the formula:

Ry W ~2 w ~2 m m~ M1c M°id M~~
wherein:
RY is independently H, W3, Rz or a protecting group;
121 is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
Rz is independently H, Rl, R3 or R4 wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups or taken together at a carbon atom, two Rz groups form a ring of 3 to 8 carbons and the ring may be substituted with 0 to R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, R3b' R3° or R3d, provided that when R3 is bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3° or R3d;
R3a is F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -NOz;
R3b is Yl;
R3° is -R", -N(R")(R"), -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)zR", -S(O)(ORX), S(O)z(OR"), -OC(Yl)R", -OC(Yl)OR", -OC(Yi)(N(R")(R")), -SC(Yl)R", _ SC(Yl)OR", -SC(Yl)(N(R")(R")), -N(RX)C(Yl)R", -N(R")C(Yl)OR", or N(R")C(~'1)~(R")(R")) ;
R3d is -C(Yl)R", -C(Yl)OR" or -C(Yl)(N(R")(R"));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
Rj is R~ wherein each R4 is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
Rsa is independently alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenylene of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynylene of 2-18 carbon atoms any one of which alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene is substituted with 0-3 R3 groups;
W3 is Wø or W5;
W4 is R5, -C(Yl)R5, -C(Yl)W5, -SOzRS, or -SOzWs;
WS is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein WS is independently substituted with 0 to 3 Rz groups;
W6 is W3 independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 A3 groups;
M2 is 0, 1 or 2;

Ml2a is l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
Ml2b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
M 1 a, M 1 c, and M 1 d are indep endently 0 or 1; and Ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
In another specific embodiment of the invention Ai is of the formula:
A~
~5 Ml2b , In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:

~s In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:

In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:

' M12b M12b r ~Aa In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:
r \As ;
and Wsa is a carbocycle or a heterocycle where Wsa is independently substituted with 0 or 1 RZ groups. A specific velue for Ml2a is 1.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:

As Ml2b In another specific embodiment of the invention Al is of the formula:

M 12a In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:
W 5a f~2 f~2 wherein W5~ is a carbocycle independently substituted with 0 or 1 R2 groups;
In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:

0.' v // / ~ Y2b / \ O
\ H H

Ml2d wherein YZb is O or N(R2); and Ml2d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:
W5a M 12a wherein Wsa is a carbocycle independently substituted with 0 or 1 RZ groups;
In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:
W 5a ~2 ~2 wherein Wsa is a carbocycle or heterocycle where Wsa is independently substituted with 0 or 1 Ra groups.

In another specific embodiment of the invention A1 is of the formula:

II O
v 2b R
Y
/w ~2b Ml2d wherein ~2b is ~ or IV(R2); aald Ml2d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or ~.
In a specific embodiment of the invention AZ is of the formula:
w M 12b In another specific embodiment of the invention A2 is of the formula:
w5 M 12b In another specific embodiment of the invention Ml2b is 1.
In another specific embodiment of the invention a Ml2b is 0, YZ is a bond and WS is a carbocycle or heterocycle where WS is optionally and independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 RZ groups.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A2 is of the formula:

W 5a M 12a wherein Wsa is a carbocycle or heterocycle where W5~ is optionally and independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R2 groups.
In another specific embodiment of the invention Ml2a is 1.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A2 is selected from phenyl, substituted phenyl, berlzyl, substituted benzyl, pyridyl and substituted pyridyl.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A2 is of the formula:
Y

UV
Ml2b , In another specific embodiment of the invention A~ is of the formula:

Ml2b In another specific embodiment of the invention Ml2b is 1.
In a specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
-71 _ Y~
/Rx ~Y

Ml2b , In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
x / R
1 ~Y /2 Ml2a In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
Y1a x ~R
~ Y2a Ml2a i wherein Yla is O or S; and YZa is O, N(Rx) or S.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

O
RX
-~ ~ ~,2b M 12a wherein Y2b is O or N(R").
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
/R
~ ~,2 /b Ml2d wherein Y2b 1S O or N(RX); and Ml2d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
In another specific embodiment ofthe invention A3 is of the formula:
O
R

Ml2d wherein Yab is O or N(R"); and Ml2d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
In another specific embodiment of the invention Ml2d is 1.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

Rx 2' ~3 Y~s M 12b , In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
Ml2b , In. another specific embodiment of the invention WS is a carbocycle.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

Y IP Rx ~N~
W Rx M12b In another specific embodiment of the invention WS is phenyl.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

Y

1,1 a RX
Y

Yza M 12a a wherein Yla is O or S~ and YZa is O, N(R") or S.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
O
IP R"
\Ya /
Ws Yzb Ml2a wherein Y2b is O or N(R").
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
O
R
Yz Ml2d Y2b .
wherein Y2b is O or N(R"); and Ml2d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. .
In another specific embodiment of the invention R' is H.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
i0 R~
wherein the phenyl carbocycle is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 RZ groups.

In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

,O
M12d H ORS
R1 R~
O
W another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
O
~P/c l'°
N
H
H H
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
~P/O CH3 \° oR' H H
O
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

O O
O P /~\ ~ ~ RZ
O O
H N
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
~1 a R2 ~2a ~ Y\
Rv ~ Y2a Y~

Ml2a wherein Yla is O or S; and YZa is O, N(R2) or S.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

Y\
~ RY
~ Y2b Y1a M 12a wherein Yla is O or S; Yzb is O or N(RZ); and Y2° is O, N(Rv) or S.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

IP Y
Rv Y2b ~
"1a Y
M 12d wheren Yla is O or S; Y2b is O or N(R2); YZa is O or N(RY); and Ml2d is 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7or8.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
~ R2 ~~ RY
Ml2d s wherein Y2b is O or N(RZ); and Ml2d is l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
O R~
II
P O~ R2 Y2b O
H H

wherein Y2b is O or N(R2).
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
i /O
l H H

In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
_78_ Y~
/ R

2~
Y
Ml2a In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
~1a R2 Y\
Ry 1,2a Y~

Y2a Ml2a wherein Yla is O or S; and Y2a is O, N(R2) or S.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

Y
Ry Y2b IY1 a Y2b/
Ml2a wherein Yla is O or S; YZb is O or N(RZ); and Ya° is O, N(Ry) or S.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

IP Y
~ ~ Ry Y2b Yia Wa Y2b M 12d wherein Yla is O or S; Y2b is O or N(RZ); yea is O or N(Ry); and Ml2d is 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7or8.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
~ R2 I I
P ~~ RY
Y2b ~3 Ml~d y2b wherein YZV is O or N(RZ); and Ml2d is l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

II
O P O~ R2 ~Y2b O
H H
1,2b~
wherein Y2b is O or N(R2) In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
O
Yzb IP R"
~Y2b~

R R
W
M 12d wherein: Yav is O or N(R"); and Ml2d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:

~ R1 2b M1~d O
wherein the phenyl carbocycle is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 R2 groups.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the formula:
l~o R1 'R1 s wherein the phenyl carbocycle is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 RZ groups.
In another specific embodiment of the invention A3 is of the fornmla:

h~. a specific embodiment of the invention A° is of the formula:
O
O R
(CH2)i-io ~R
- ~1 -wherein each R is independently (C1-C6)alkyl.
In a specific embodiment of the invention R" is independently H, Rl, W3, a protecting group, or the formula:

RY
W Y2 Y2 w 1a2 m m~ M1c M1d M1a ;
wherein:
Ry is independently H, W3, R2 or a protecting group;
Rl is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
R2 is independently H, Rl, R3 or R4 wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups or taken together at a carbon atom, two RZ
groups form a ring of 3 to 8 carbons and the ring may be substituted with 0 to R3 groups;
W a specific embodiment of the invention R" is of the formula:

~2c RY
wherein Yla is O or S; and YZ° is O, N(RY) or S.
In a specific embodiment of the invention R" is of the formula:

YZd \ Ry ya wherein Yla is O or S; and Yza is O or N(Ry).
In a specific embodiment of the invention RX is of the formula:

,L RY
In a specific embodiment of the invention RY is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to carbons.
5 In a specific embodiment of the invention R" is of the formula:
R~
_ O\R2 O
In a specific embodiment of the invention R" is of the formula:
Y~
Y
Y2 YZ~R
M 12a 10 ' hi a specific embodiment of the invention R" is of the formula:

\ RY
In a specific embodiment of the invention Y1 is ~ or S.
In a specific embodiment of the invention YZ is O, N(R'') or S.
In one specific embodiment of the invention RX is a group of the formula:

Y1 R Ry Y1 '~.
wherein:
RY
J ~~~~~L J~~~ J L J ~~~~~
M1a M1b Ml2c M1c M1d M1e a mla, mlb, mlc, mld and mle are independently 0 or l;
ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
RY is H, W3, R2 or a protecting group;
pf°ovided that:
ifmla, ml2c, andmld are 0, thenmlb, mlc and mle are 0;
if mla and ml2c are 0 and mld is not 0, then mlb and mlc are 0;
if mla and mld are 0 and ml2c is not 0, then mlb and at least one of mlc and mle are 0;
if mla is 0 and ml2c and mld are not 0, then mlb is 0;
if ml2c and mld are 0 and mla is not 0, then at least two of mlb, mlc and mle are 0;
ifml2c is 0 and mla and mld are not 0, then at least one ofmlb and mlc are 0; and if mld is 0 and mla and ml2c are not 0, then at least one of m1c and mleare0.
In another specific embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:
[DRUG]-(A°)""
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein, DRUG is a compound of any one of formulae 500-547;
nn is 1, 2, or 3;
A° is Al, A2 or W3 with the proviso that the compound includes at least ~ne A1 a A1 1S:

~W6 i~112b A2 is:
Y~
\W3 l M12b A3 is:

P P Rx ~Rx M2 , M12b .
Y1 is independently O, S, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), or N(N(RX)( R")) Y2 is independently a bond, O, N(R''), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), N(N(R")( RX))~ 'S(0)M2'~ ~r 'S(~)M2's(~)M2'~
R" is independently H, Rl, W3, a protecting group, or the formula:

Ry w Y2 w Y2 mwc M1c M1d M1a ;
wherein:
RY is independently H, W3, RZ or a protecting group; , Rl is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
_g5_ , RZ is independently H, Rl, R3 or R4 wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups or taken together at a carbon atom, two R2 groups form a ring of 3 to 8 carbons and the ring may be substituted with 0 to R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, Rib, R3° or Rid, provided that when R3 is bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3° or R3a;
R3a iS F, Cl, fir, 1, -Cue, ~3 or -~O2a R3U 1S Yl;
R3° i~ -RY, -~(RX)(R~), -sRX, -S(~)RX, -s(~)ZR%, -S(~)(~RX)~ -to s(~)2(oRX), -oC(Yl)RX, -oC(Yl)oRX, -oc(Yl)(NCRX)(~X))~ -so(Y')RX~ -SC(Yl)OR", -SC(Yl)(N(R")(RX)), -N(R")C(~'1)R", -N(RX)C(Yi)OR", or -N(RX)C(Yy(N(RX)(RX)) R3d is -C(Yl)R", -C(Yl)ORX or -C(Yl)(N(R")(RX));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
RS is R4 wherein each R4 is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
Rsa is independently alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenylene of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynylene of 2-18 carbon atoms any one of which alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene is substituted with 0-3 R3 groups;
W3 is Wø or W5;
Wø is R5, -C(Yl)R5, -C(Yl)W$, -SOaRs, or -SOzWs;
WS is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein WS is independently substituted with 0 to 3 Rz groups;
W6 is W3 independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 A3 groups;
M2 is 0, 1 or 2;
Ml2a is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
Ml2b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
M 1 a, M 1 c, and M 1 d are independently 0 or 1; and Ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of any one of formulae 1-151 wherein:
A° is Al;

A1 is:

Ml~b A3 1S:

l~

M12a~ J 2 M 12b Yl is independently O, S, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(ORX), or N(N(R")( R"));
Yz is independently a bond, O, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), Nll"(RX)( RX))~ -SW)M2'~ ~r -s(~)M2-S(O)M2-~
R" is independently H, W3, a protecting group, or the formula:
Rv mmc M1c M1d M1a R'' is independently H, W3, Rz or a protecting group;
Rl is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 1 ~ carbon atoms;
Rz is independently H, R3 or R~ wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, R3b, R3° or R3a, provided that when R3 is bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3° or R3a;
R3a is F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -NOz;
R3b is Yl;
R3° is -Rx9 'N(RX)(RX), -sRX, -s(O)RX, -s(~)2R~, -s(~)(oR~), -S(O)z(OR"), -OC(Yl)R", -OC(Yl)OR", -OC(YI)(N(R")(R")), -SC(Yl)R", -_g7_ SC(Yi)OR", -SC(Yl)(N(R")(R")), -N(R")C(Yl)R", -N(R")C(Yl)OR", or -N(R")C(~'1)~(R")CR")) ;
R3a is -C(Yl)R", -C(Yi)OR" or -C(Yl)(N(R")(R"));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
R5 is R4 wherein each Rq is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
R5~ is independently alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenylene of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynylene of 2-18 carbon atoms any one of which alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene is substituted with 0-3 R3 groups;
W3 is W4 or W5;
W4 is R5, -C(Yl)R5, -C(Yl)W5, -S02R5, or -SOZWS;
WS is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein WS is independently substituted with 0 to 3 RZ groups;
W6 is W3 independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 A3 groups;
M2 is 0, 1 or 2;
Ml2a is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
Ml2b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
M 1 a, M 1 c, and M 1 d are indep endently 0 or 1; and Ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
In another specific embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:
(DRUG-(L-P(=Yl)-Y2-R"~"n or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein, DRUG is a compound of any one of formulae 500-547;
Yl is independently O, S, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), or N(N(R")( R"));
Ya is independently a bond, O, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), N(N(R")( R")), -S(~)M2-a or -S(O)Ma-S(~)~a-;
R" is independently H, W3, a protecting group, or the formula:
_gg_ RY

M1c Mid M~a M'i2c Ry is independently H, W3, RZ or a protecting group;
R2 is independently H, R3 or R~ wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, R3v, R3° or R3d, provided that when R3 is 'bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3° or R3d;
R3a is F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -N~a;
R3b is Yl;
R3° is -R", -N(R")(R"), -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)ZR", -S(O)(OR"), S(O)2(OR"), OC(Yl)R", -OC(Yl)OR", -OC(Yl)(N(R")(R")), -SC(Y1)R", -SC(Yl)OR", -SCCYI)(N(RX)(RX))~ -N(RX)C(Yl)RX~ -N(RX)C(Yl)ORX~ or -N(R")C(Yl)~(R")(R")) R3d is -C(Yl)R", -C(Yl)OR" or -C(Yl)(N(RX)(R"));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
R$ is R4l wherein each R~ is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
W3 is W4 or W5;
W4 is R5, -C(Yl)R5, -C(Yl)W5, -SO2R5, or -SOaWs;
WS is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein W$ is independently substituted with 0 to 3 RZ groups;
M2 is 1, 2, or 3;
M1 a, Mlc, and M1 d are independently 0 or 1;
Ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
nn is 1, 2, or 3; and L is a linking group.
In another specific embodiment, the invention provides a compound of which is a compound of the fornlula:
_ 89 [DRUG]-(A°)"n or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein, DRUG is a compound of any one of formulae 500-547;
nn is 1, 2, or 3;
A° is Al, A2, or ~V3 with the pro~riso that the compound includes at least one Al;
A1 is:

\W6 M12b .
A2 is:

\W3 M12b A3 is:
Y~ Y~
~Y2 P P R"
Y2 ~Y2 ~R2 R2l M2 - M 12a.~ 2 M12b .
a Yl is independently O, S, N(R"), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), or N(N(R")( R"));
Yz is independently a bond, O, N(RX), N(O)(R"), N(OR"), N(O)(OR"), Nll'(RX)( RX))~ -S(~)M2-~ ~r's(~)M2-~(~)M2-;
R'' is independently H, VV3, a protecting group, or the formula:

Ry a 1V~~ c ~ fvl~ d M~a M'i2c Ry is independently H, W3, Rz or a protecting group;
Rz is independently H, R3 or R~ wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
R3 is R3a~ R3b~ R3c or Rsd' provided that when R3 is bound t~ a heteroatom, then R3 is R3~ or R3d;
R3a is F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -NOz;
R3b 1S Yl;
R3° is -R", -N(R")(R"), -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)zR", -S(O)(OR"), _ S(O)2(OR"), -OC(yl)R", -OC(Yl)OR", -OC(Yl)(N(R")(R")), -SC(Yi)RX, -SC(Yl)OR", -SC(~'1)~~")(R"))~ -N(R")C(-~'1)RX~ -NCRX)C(~'1)OR", or -N(RX)C(~'1)~(RX)CRX)) R3d is -C(Yl)R", -C(Y1)OR" or -C(Yl)(N(R")(R"));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
RS is R4 wherein each R4 is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
W3 is W4 or W5;
W4 is R5, -C(Yl)R5, -C(Yl)W5, -SOZRS, or -S02W5;
WS is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein WS is independently substituted with 0 to 3 Rz groups;
W6 is W3 independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 A3 groups;
M2 is 0, 1 or 2;
Ml2a is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
Ml2b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
M 1 a, M 1 c, and M 1 d are indep endently 0 or 1; and Ml2c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
In compounds of the invention WS carbocycles and WS heterocycles may be independently substituted with 0 to 3 RZ groups. WS may be a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring comprising a mono- or bicyclic carbocycle or heterocycle. WS may have 3 to 10 ring atoms, e.g., 3 to 7 ring atoms. The WS
rings are saturated when containing 3 ring atoms, saturated or mono-unsaturated when containing 4 ring atoms, saturated, or mono- or di-unsaturated when containing 5 ring atoms, and saturated, mono- or di-unsaturated, or aromatic when containing 6 ring atoms.
A WS heterocycle may be a monocycle having 3 to 7 ring members (2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, P, and S) or a bicycle having 7 to 10 ring members (4 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, P, and S). WS heterocyclic monocycles may have 3 to 6 ring atoms (2 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S);
or 5 or 6 ring atoms (3 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N
and S). WS heterocyclic bicycles have 7 to 10 ring atoms (6 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S) arranged as a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6], or [6,6] system; or 9 to 10 ring atoms (~ to 9 carbon atoms and 1 to 2 hetero atoms selected from N and S) arranged as a bicyclo [5,6] or [6,6]
system.
The WS heterocycle may be bonded to Y2 through a carbon, nitrogen, sulfur or other atom by a stable covalent bond.
0 WS heterocycles include for example, pyridyl, dihydropyridyl isomers, piperidine, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, s-triazinyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thiofuranyl, thienyl, and pyrrolyl. WS also includes, but is not limited to, examples such as:

/ I I ~N N
I~
f ~N
f ~ s ~N , S , and ~-S
WS carbocycles and heterocycles may be independently substituted With 0 to 3 RZ groups, as defined above. For example, substituted WS carbocycles include:
CI
t / ~ /
CI
N O
_ ~ N H2 ~N t t ~ /
NH ~ ~ NH ~ - ~NH
- ~ ~ --N SH t - ~~2 Examples of substituted phenyl carbocycles include:

HN HN O
NH2 NMe2 ~--NH2 O ~ ~ O ~ ~ O
O O ~~ ~
O ''-N H
NH
NH2 ~ ~ ~NH2 ~ ~ 2 Linkin Groups and Linkers The invention provides conjugates that comprise an immuno-modulatory compound that is linked to one or more phosphonate groups either directly (e.g.
through a covalent bond) or through a linking group (i.e. a linker). The nature of the linker is not critical provided it does not interfere with the ability of the phosphonate containing compound to function as a therapeutic agent. The phosphonate or the linker can be linked to the compound (e.g. a compound of Fomnulae 500-547) at any synthetically feasible position on the compound by removing a hydrogen or any portion of the compound to provide an open valence for attachment of the phosphonate or the linker.
In one embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker (which can be designated "L") can include all or a portions of the group A°, Al, A2, or W3 described herein.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker has a molecular weight of from about 20 daltons to about 400 daltons.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker has a length of about 5 angstroms to about 300 angstroms.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker separates the DRUG and a P(=Yl) residue by about 5 angstroms to about 200 angstroms, inclusive, in length.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker is a divalent, branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon chain, having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms, wherein one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4) of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by (-O-), and wherein the chain is optionally substituted on carbon with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4) substituents selected from (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, (C1-C6)alkanoyl, (Ci-Cb)alkanoyloxy, (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C6)alkylthio, a~ido, cyano, vitro, halo, hydroxy, oxo (=O), carboxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, and heteroaryloxy.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker is of the formula W-A wherein A is (Ci-C2q)alkyl, (C2-C24)alkenyl, (C2-C24)alkyllyl, (C3-C$)cycloalkyl, (C6-Cio)aryl or a combination thereof, wherein W is -N =~ .,, -C -O)N(R)-, -OC(=~ -, -C .~ ~_, -O-, -S-, - -, -S(O)z-, -N(R)-, -C(=O)-, or a direct bond; wherein each R is independently H or (C1-C6)alkyl.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker is a divalent radical formed from a peptide.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker is a divalent radical formed from an amino acid.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker is a divalent radical formed from poly-L-glutamic acid, poly-L-aspartic acid, poly-L-histidine, poly-L-ornithine, poly-L-serine, poly-L-threonine, poly-L;-tyrosine, poly-L-leucine, poly-L-lysine-L-phenylalanine, poly-L-lysine or poly-L-lysine-L-tyrosine.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker is of the formula W-(CHZ)" wherein, n is between about 1 and about 10; and W is -N(R)C(=O)-, -c(=o)N(R)-, -oC(=o)-, -C(=o)o-, -o-, -s-, -s(o)-, -s(o)2-, -C(=O)-, -N(R)-, or a direct bond; wherein each R is independently H or (C1-C6)alkyl.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker is methylene, ethylene, or propylene.
In another embodiment of the invention the linking group or linker is attached to the phosphonate group through a carbon atom of the linker.
Compounds The compounds of the invention include those With immuno-modulatory activity. The compounds of the inventions bear one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, or 4) phosphonate groups, which may be a prodrug moiety.
Typically, compounds of the invention have a molecular weight of from about 400 amu to about 10,000 amu; in a specific embodiment of the invention, compounds have a molecular weight of less than about 5000 amu; in another specific embodiment of the in~rention, c~mpounds have a molecular weight of less than about 2500 arnu; in another specific embodiment of the invention, compounds have a molecular weight of less than about 1000 amu; in another specific embodiment of the invention, compounds have a molecular weight of less than about 800 amu; in another speciFc embodiment of the invention, compounds have a molecular weight of less than about 600 amu; and in another specific embodiment of the invention, compounds have a molecular weight of less than about 600 amu and a molecular weight of greater than about 400 amu.
The compounds of the invention also typically have a logD(polarity) less than about 5. In one embodiment the invention provides compounds having a logD less than about 4; in another one embodiment the invention provides compounds having a logD less than about 3; in another one embodiment the invention provides compounds having a logD greater than about -5; in another one embodiment the invention provides compounds having a logD greater than about -3; and in another one embodiment the invention provides compounds having a logD greater than about 0 and less than about 3.
Selected substituents within the compounds of the invention are present to a recursive degree. In this context, "recursive substituent" means that a substituent may recite another instance of itself. Because of the recursive nature of such substituents, theoretically, a large number may be present in any given claim. For example, R" contains a RY substituent. R'' can be Ra, which in turn can be R3. If R3 is selected to be R3°, then a second instance of R"
can be selected. One of ordinary skill in the art of medicinal chemistry understands that the total number of such substituents is reasonably limited by the desired properties of the compound intended. Such properties include, by of example and not limitation, physical properties such as molecular weight, solubility or log P, application properties such as activity against the intended target, and practical properties such as ease of synthesis.

By way of example and not limitation, W3, Ry and R3 are all recursive substituents in certain claims. Typically, each of these may independently occur 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8,-7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0, times in a given claim. More typically, each of these may independently occur 12 or fewer times in a given claim. More typically yet, W3 will occur 0 to 8 tunes, R~' will occur 0 to 6 times and R3 will occur 0 to 10 times in a given claim. Even more typically, W3 will occur 0 to 6 times, Ry will occur 0 to 4 times and R3 will occur 0 to 8 times in a given claim.
Recursive substituents are an intended aspect of the invention. ~ne of ordinary skill in the art of medicinal chemistry understands the versatility of such substituents. To the degree that recursive substituents are present in an claim of the invention, the total number will be determined as set forth above.
Whenever a compound described herein is substituted with more than one of the same designated group, e.g., "R1" or "R6a", then it will be understood that the groups may be the same or different, i.e., each group is independently selected. Wavy lines indicate the site of covalent bond attachments to the adjoining groups, moieties, or atoms.
The term immuno-modulatory compound also includes pimecrolimus, everolimus, sirolimus, tacrolimus, prednisolone, VX-148, merimepodib, brequinar, thalidomide, BCX-1777, revimid, diprolene, aclometasone dipropionate, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, leflunomide, methylprednisolone suleptanate, prednisone, clobetasol, MNA-715 (FK778), SMP-114, teriflunomide, halobetasol, ciclesonide, deflazacort, medroxyprogesterone, budesonide, rimexolone, triamcinolone acetonide, fluticasone, mometasone furoate, methylprednisolone aceponate, cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, ANA-245, immunosuppressive macrolide, methotrexate, PNP-405, MDL-74428, 9-(3,3-dimethyl-5-phosphonopentyl) guanine, DADMe-IMMG, CP-690,550, mycophenate, cyclosporin, and mizoribine.
In one embodiment of the invention, the compound is in isolated and purified form. Generally, the term "isolated and purified" means that the compound is significantly free of biological materials (e.g. blood, cells, etc.). In one specific embodiment of the invention, the term means that the compound or conjugate of the invention is at least about 50% pure by weight in a mixture;
in _97_ another specific embodiment, the term means that the compound or conjugate of the invention is at least about 75% pure by weight in a mixture; in another specific embodiment, the term means that the compound or conjugate of the invention is at least about 90% pure by weight in a mixture; in another speciftc embodiment, the term means that the compound or conjugate of the invention is at least about 98% pure by weight in a mixture; and in another embodiment, the term means that the compound or conjugate of the invention is at least about 99% pure by weight in a mixture. In another specific embodiment, the invention provides a compound or conjugate of the invention that has been synthetically prepared (e.g. prepared ex vivo). ' Intracellular Tar e~~L ting The phosphonate group of the compounds of the invention may cleave ih vivo in stages after they have reached the desired site of action, i.e. inside a cell.
One mechanism of action inside a cell may entail a first cleavage, e.g. by esterase, to provide a negatively-charged "locked-in" intermediate. Cleavage of a terminal ester grouping in a compou~ld of the invention thus affords an unstable intermediate which releases a negatively charged "locked in"
intermediate.
After passage inside a cell, intracellular enzymatic cleavage or modification of the phosphonate or prodrug compound may result in an intracellular accumulation of the cleaved or modified compound by a "trapping"
mechanism. The cleaved or modified compound may then be "locked-in" the cell by a significant change in charge, polarity, or other physical property change which decreases the rate at which the cleaved or modified compound can exit the cell, relative to the rate at which it entered as the phosphonate prodrug.
Other mechanisms by which a therapeutic effect are achieved may be operative as well.
Enzymes which are capable of an enzymatic activation mechanism with the phosphonate prodrug compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, amidases, esterases, microbial enzynes, phospholipases, cholinesterases, and phosphatases.
From the foregoing, it will be apparent that many different drugs can be derivatized in accord with the present invention. Numerous such drugs are specifically mentioned herein. However, it should be understood that the discussion of drug families and their specific members for derivatization according to this invention is not intended to be exhaustive, but merely illustrative.
In one embodiment of the invention, the compound is not an antiviral agent compound. In another embodiment the compound is not a nucleoside compound. In another embodiment the compound is not an IniIPI2H inhibitor compound. In another embodiment the compound is not an antimetabolite compound. In another embodiment the compound is not a PI~TP inhibitor. hl another embodiment the compound is not a substituted compound of any one of formulae 500-533, 535-541, or 543-547. W another embodiment the compound is not a substituted compound of any one of one of formulae 1-104,107-124, or 128-151.
Stereoisomers ' The compounds of the invention may have chiral centers, e.g., chiral carbon or phosphorus atoms. The compounds of the invention thus include racemic mixtures of all stereoisomers, including enantiomers, diastereomers, and atropisomers. In addition, the compounds of the invention include enriched or resolved optical isomers at any or all asymmetric, chiral atoms. In other words, the chiral centers apparent from the depictions are provided as the chiral isomers or racemic mixtures. Both racemic and diastereomeric mixtures, as well as the individual optical isomers isolated or synthesized, substantially free of their enantiomeric or diastereomeric partners, are all within the scope of the invention.
The racemic mixtures are separated into their individual, substantially optically pure isomers through well-known techniques such as, for example, the separation of diastereomeric salts formed with optically active adjuncts, e.g., acids or bases followed by conversion back to the optically active substances.
Tn most instances, the desired optical isomer is synthesized by means of stereospecific reactions, beginning with the appropriate stereoisomer of the desired starting material.
The compounds of the invention can also exist as tautomeric isomers in certain cases. All though only one delocalized resonance structure may be depicted, all such forms are contemplated within the scope of the invention.
For example, ene-amine tautomers can exist for purine, pyrimidine, imidazole, guanidine, amidine, and tetrazole systems and all their possible tautomeric forms are within the scope of the invention.
Salts and Hydrates The compositions of this invention optionally comprise salts of the compounds herein, especially pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salts containing, for example, Na+, Li+, I~+~ Ca+2 and lVlg+2. Such salts may include those derived by combination of appropriate rations such as alkali and alkaline earth metal ions or ammonium and quaternary amino ions with an acid anion moiety, typically a carboxylic acid. Monovalent salts are preferred if a water soluble salt is desired.
Metal salts typically are prepared by reacting the metal hydroxide with a compound of this invention. Examples of metal salts which are prepared in this way are salts containing Li+, Na+, and I~+. A less soluble metal salt can be precipitated from the solution of a more soluble salt by addition of the suitable metal compound.
In addition, salts may be formed from acid addition of certain organic and inorganic acids, e.g., HCI, HBr, H2SOq.~ H3POq. or organic sulfonic acids, to basic centers, typically amines, or to acidic groups. Finally, it is to be understood that the compositions herein comprise compounds of the invention in their un-ionized, as well as zwitterionic form, and combinations with stoichiometric amounts of water as in hydrates.
Also included within the scope of this invention are the salts of the parental compounds with one or more amino acids. Any of the amino acids described above are suitable, especially the naturally-occurring amino acids found as protein components, although the amino acid typically is one bearing a side chain with a basic or acidic group, e.g., lysine, arginine or glutamic acid, or a neutral group such as glycine, serine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine, or leucine.
Methods of Inhibition of Immuno-Modulation Another aspect of the invention relates to methods of inhibiting tlxe activity of immuno-modulators comprising the step of treating a sample suspected of containing an immuno-modulator with a composition of the' invention.
Compositions of the invention may act as inhibitors of immune-modulation, as intermediates for such inhibitors or have other utilities as described below. The inhibitors will bind to locations on the surface or in a cavity of an immuno-modulator having a geometry unique to immuno-modulators. Compositions binding immuno-modulators may bind with varying degrees of reversibility. Those compounds binding substantially irreversibly are ideal candidates for use in this method of the invention. ~nce labeled, the substantially irreversibly binding compositions are useful as probes for the detection of immune-modulation. Accordingly, the invention relates to methods of detecting immune-modulation in a sample suspected of containing an immuno-modulator comprising the steps of treating a sample suspected of containing an immuno-modulator with a composition comprising a compound of the invention bound to a label; and observing the effect of the sample on the activity of the label. Suitable labels are well known in the diagnostics field and include stable free radicals, fluorophores, radioisotopes, enzymes, chemiluminescent groups and chromogens. The compounds herein are labeled in conventional fashion using functional groups such as hydroxyl or amino.
Within the context of the invention samples suspected of containing an immuno-modulator include natural or man-made materials such as living organisms; tissue or cell cultures; biological samples such as biological material samples (blood, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, tears, sputum, saliva, tissue samples, and the like); laboratory samples; food, water, or air samples;
bioproduct samples such as extracts of cells, particularly recombinant cells synthesizing a desired glycoprotein; and the like. Typically the sample will be suspected of containing an immuno-modulator. Samples can be contained in any medium including water and organic solvent/water mixtures. Samples include living organisms such as humans, and man made materials such as cell cultures.
The treating step of the invention comprises adding the composition of the invention to the sample or it comprises adding a precursor of the composition to the sample. The addition step comprises any method of administration as described above.
If desired, the activity of an immuno-modulator, after application of the composition, can be observed by any method including direct and indirect methods of detecting imrnuno-modulator activity. Quantitative, qualitative, and semiquantitative methods of determining immuno-modulation activity are all contemplated. Typically one of the screening methods described above are applied, however, any other method such as obsernration of the physiological properties of a living organism are also applicable.
However, in screening compounds capable of inhibiting immuno-modulation it should be kept in mind that the results of enzyme assays may not correlate with cell culture assays. Thus, a cell based assay should be the primacy screening tool.
Screens for Immuno-Modulating Inhibitors Compositions of the invention are screened for inhibitory activity against immuno-modulators by any of the conventional techniques for evaluating enzyme activity. Within the context of the invention, typically compositions are first screened for inhibition of immuno-modulators in vitYO and compositions showing inhibitory activity are then screened for activity ira vivo.
Compositions having ifa, vitro Ki (inhibitory constants) of less then about 5 X 10-6 M, typically less than about 1 X 10-~ M and preferably less than about 5 X 10-8 M are preferred for in vivo use.
Useful ifz vitro screens have been described in detail and will not be elaborated here. However, the examples describe suitable ifZ vitro assays.
Pharmaceutical Formulations The compounds of this invention are formulated with conventional carriers and excipients, which will be selected in accord with ordinary practice.
Tablets will contain excipients, glidants, fillers, binders and the like.
Aqueous formulations are prepared in sterile form, and when intended for delivery by other than oral administration generally will be isotonic. All formulations will optionally contain excipients such as those set forth in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Exci its ents (1986). Excipients include ascorbic acid and other antioxidants, chelating agents such as EFTA, carbohydrates such as dextrin, hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose, stearic acid and the like.
The pH of the formulations ranges from about 3 to about 11, but is ordinarily about 7 to 10.
While it is possible for the active ingredients to be administered alone it may be preferable to present them as pharmaceutical formulations. The formulations, both for veterinary and for human use, of the invention comprise at least one active ingredient, as above defined, together with one or more acceptable carriers therefor and optionally other therapeutic ingredients. The carriers) must be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the fommlation and physiologically innocuous to the recipient thereof.
The formulations include those suitable for the foregoing administration routes. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form arid may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy.
Techniques and formulations generally are found in Remin~ton's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA). Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.
Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid;
or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. The active ingredient may also be administered as a bolus, electuary or paste.
A tablet is made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered active ingredient moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets may optionally be coated or scored and optionally are formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therefrom.
For administration to the eye or other external tissues e.g., mouth and skin, the formulations are preferably applied as a topical ointment or cream containing the active ingredients) in an amoiuzt of, for example, 0.075 to 20%
w/w (including active ingredients) in a range between 0.1°/~ and 20% in increments of 0.1 °/~ w/w such as 0.6% w/w, 0.7°/~ w/w, etc.), preferably 0.2 to 15% w/w and most preferably 0.5 to 10% w/w. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base.
If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example, at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol, i.e. an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol, butane 1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol (including PEG 400) and mixtures thereof. The topical formulations may desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethyl sulphoxide and related analogs.
The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier (otherwise known as an emulgent), it desirably comprises a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil.
Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifiers) with or without stabilizers) make up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations.
Emulgents and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the invention include Tween~ 60, Span~ 80, cetostearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl mono-stearate and sodium lauryl sulfate.
The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties. The cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non-staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight or branched chain, mono-or dibasic alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend ~f branched chain esters known as Crodamol CAP may be used, the last three being preferred esters. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils are used.
Pharmaceutical formulations according to the present invention comprise one or more compounds of the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients and optionally other therapeutic agents. Pharmaceutical formulations containing the active ingredient may be in any form suitable for the intended method of administration. When used for oral use for example, tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups or elixirs may be prepared. Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents including sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and' preserving agents, in order to provide a palatable preparation. Tablets containing the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which are suitable for manufacture of tablets are acceptable. These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, calcium or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets may be uncoated or may be coated by knovrm techniques including microencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax may be employed.

Formulations for oral use may be also presented as hard gelatin capsules where the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oile Aqueous suspensions of the invention contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
Such excipients include a suspending agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcelluose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia, and dispersing or wetting agents such as a naturally occurnng phosphatide (e.g., lecithin), a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid (e.g., polyoxyethylene stearate), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol (e.g., heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and a hexitol anlrydride (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate). The aqueous suspension may also contain one or more preservatives such as ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxy-benzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
Oil suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oral suspensions may contain a thickening agent, such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents, such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid.
Dispersible powders and granules of the invention suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, a suspending agent, and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those disclosed above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, such as olive oil or arachis oil, a mineral oil, such as liquid paraffin, or a mixture of these. Suitable emulsifying agents include naturally-occurring gums, such as gum acacia and gum tragacanth, naturally occurring phosphatides, such as soybean lecithin, esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, such as sorbitan rnonooleate, and condensation products of these partial esters with ethylene oxide, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
The emulsion may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, such as glycerol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative, a flavoring or a coloring agent.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be in the form of a sterile inj ectable preparation, such as a sterile inj ectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile inj ectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution in 1,3-butane-diol or prepared as a lyophilized powder. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. Tn addition, sterile fixed oils may conventionally be employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid may likewise be used in the preparation of injectables.
The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. For example, a time-release formulation intended for oral administration to humans may contain approximately 1 to 1000 mg of active material compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of earner material which may vary from about 5 to about 95% of the total compositions (weight:weight). The pharmaceutical composition can be prepared to provide easily measurable amounts for administration. For example, an aqueous solution intended for intravenous infusion may contain from about 3 to 500 ~.g of the active ingredient per milliliter of solution in order that infusion of a suitable volume at a rate of about 30 mL/hr can occur.
Formulations suitable for administration to the eye include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable can-ier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredient. 'The active ingredient is preferably present in such formulations in a concentration of 0.5 to 20%, advantageously 0.5 to 10% particularly about 1.5°/~ w/w.
Formulations suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising for example cocoa butter or a salicylate.
Formulations suitable for intrapulmonary or nasal administration have a particle size for example in the range of 0.1 to 500 microns (including particle sizes in a range between 0.1 and 500 microns in increments microns such as 0.5, 1, 30 microns, 35 microns, etc.), which is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage or by inhalation through the mouth so as to reach the alveolar sacs. Suitable formulations include aqueous or oily solutions of the active ingredient. Formulations suitable for aerosol or dry powder administration may be prepared according to conventional methods and may be delivered with other therapeutic agents such as compounds heretofore used in the treatment or prophylaxis of infections as described below.
Formulations suitable for vaginal achninistration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
The formulations are presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injection, immediately prior to use. E~~temporaneous injection solutions and suspensions are prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described. Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a daily dose or unit daily sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient.
It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularly mentioned above the formulations of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question, for example those suitable for oral administration may include flavoring agents.
The invention further provides veterinary compositions comprising at least one active ingredient as above defined together with a veterinary carrier therefor.
Veterinary carriers are materials useful for the purpose of administering the composition and may be solid, liquid or gaseous materials which are otherwise inert or acceptable in the veterinary art and are compatible with the active ingredient. These veterinary compositions may be administered orally, parenterally or by any other desired route.
Compounds of the invention can also be formulated to provide controlled release of the active ingredient to allow less frequent dosing or to improve the pharmacokinetic or toxicity profile of the active ingredient. Accordingly, the invention also provided compositions comprising one or more compounds of the invention formulated for sustained or controlled release.
Effective dose of active ingredient depends at least on the nature of the condition being treated, toxicity, whether the compound is being used prophylactically (lower doses) or against an active infection, the method of delivery, and the pharmaceutical formulation, and will be determined by the clinician using conventional dose escalation studies. It can be expected to be from about 0.0001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day. Typically, from about 0.01 to about 10 mg/kg body weight per day. More typically, from about .01 to about 5 mg/kg body weight per day. More typically, from about .OS to about 0.5 mg/kg body weight per day. For example, the daily candidate dose for an adult human of approximately 70 kg body weight will range from 1 mg to 1000 mg, preferably between 5 mg and 500 mg, and may take the form of single or multiple doses.
routes of Administration ~ne or more compounds of the invention (herein referred to as the active ingredients) are administered by any route appropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routes include oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intrasnuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), and the like. It will be appreciated that the preferred route may vary with for example the condition of the recipient. An advantage of the compounds of this invention is that they are orally bioavailable and can be dosed orally.
Combination Therapy Active ingredients of the invention are also used in combination with other active ingredients. Such combinations are selected based on the condition to be treated, cross-reactivities of ingredients and pharmaco-properties of the combination.
It is also possible to combine any compound of the invention with one or more other active ingredients in a unitary dosage form for simultaneous or sequential administration to a patient. The combination therapy may be administered as a simultaneous or sequential regimen. When administered sequentially, the combination may be administered in two or more administrations.
The combination therapy may provide "synergy" and "synergistic effect", i.e. the effect achieved when the active ingredients used together is greater than the sum of the effects that results from using the compounds separately. A
synergistic effect may be attained when the active ingredients are: (1) co-formulated and administered or delivered simultaneously in a combined formulation; (2) delivered by alternation or in parallel as separate formulations;
or (3) by some other regimen. When delivered in alternation therapy, a synergistic effect may be attained when the compounds are administered or delivered sequentially, e.g., in separate tablets, pills or capsules, or by different injections in separate syringes. In general, during alternation therapy, an effective dosage of each active ingredient is administered sequentially, i.e.
serially, whereas in combination therapy, effective dosages of two or more active ingredients are administered together.
Metabolites of the Compounds of the Invention Also falling within the scope of this invention are the iyz viv~ metabolic products of the compounds described herein. Such products may result for example from the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification and the like of the administered compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes.
Accordingly, the invention includes compounds produced by a process comprising contacting a compound of this invention with a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof. Such products typically are identified by preparing a radiolabelled (e.g., C14 or H3) compound of the invention, administering it parenterally in a detectable dose (e.g., greater than about 0.5 mg/kg) to an animal such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to man, allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur (typically about 30 seconds to 30 hours) and isolating its conversion products from the urine, blood or other biological samples. These products are easily isolated since they are labeled (others are isolated by the use of antibodies capable of binding epitopes surviving in the metabolite). The metabolite structures are determined in conventional fashion, e.g., by MS or NMR analysis. In general, analysis of metabolites is done in the same way as conventional drug metabolism studies well-laiown to those skilled in the art. The conversion products, so long as they are not otherwise found ih vivo, are useful in diagnostic assays for therapeutic dosing of the compounds of the invention even if they possess no innnuno-modulation inhibitory activity of their own.
Recipes and methods for determining stability of compounds in surrogate gastrointestinal secretions are known. Compounds are defined herein as stable in the gastrointestinal tract where less than about 50 mole percent of the protected groups are deprotected in surrogate intestinal or gastric juice upon incubation for 1 hour at 37 °C. Simply because the compounds are stable to the gastrointestinal tract does not mean that they cannot be hydrolyzed in vivo.
The phosphonate prodrugs of the invention typically will be stable in the digestive system but are substantially hydrolyzed to the parental drug in the digestive lumen, liver or other metabolic organ, or within cells in general.
Exemlalary Methods of Making the Compounds of the Invention.
The invention also relates to methods of making the compositions of the invention. The compositions are prepared by any of the applicable techniques of organic synthesis. Many such techniques are well known in the art. However, many of the known techniques are elaborated in Compendium of Organic S,~nthetic Methods (John Wiley & Sons, New York), Vol. 1, Ian T. Harnson and Shuyen Harrison, 1971; Vol. 2, Ian T. Harrison and Shuyen Harrison, 1974; Vol.
3, Louis S. Hegedus and Leroy Wade, 1977; Vol. 4, Leroy G. Wade, jr., 1980;
Vol. 5, Leroy G. Wade, Jr., 1984; and Vol. 6, Michael B. Smith; as well as March, J., Advanced Organic Chemistry, Third Edition, (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985), Comprehensive Or anic Synthesis. Selectivity, Strateg~&
Efficienc~in Modern Organic Chemistry. In 9 Volumes, Barry M. Trost, Editor-in-Chief (Pergamon Press, New York, 1993 printing).
A number of exemplary methods for the preparation of the compositions of the invention are provided below. These methods axe intended to illustrate the nature of such preparations are not intended to limit the scope of applicable methods.
Generally, the reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time, solvents, work-up procedures, and the like, will be those common in the art for the particular reaction to be performed. The cited reference material, together with material cited therein, contains detailed descriptions of such conditions.
Typically the temperatures will be -100°C to 200°C, solvents will be aprotic or protic, and reaction times will be 10 seconds to 10 days. Work-up typically consists of quenching any unreacted reagents followed by partition between a waterlorganic layer system (extraction) and separating the layer containing the product.
Oxidation and reduction reactions are typically carried out at temperatures near room temperature (about 20 °C), although for metal hydride reductions frequently the temperature is reduced to 0 °C to -100 °C, solvents are typically aprotic for reductions and may be either erotic or aprotic for oxidations.
Reaction times are adjusted to achieve desired conversions.
Condensation reactions are typically carried out at temperatures near room temperature, although for non-equilibrating, kinetically controlled condensations reduced temperatures (0 °C to -100 °C) are also common.
Solvents can be either erotic (common in equilibrating reactions) or aprotic (common in kinetically controlled reactions).
Standard synthetic techniques such as a~eotropic removal of reaction by products and use of anhydrous reaction conditions (e.g., inert gas environments) are common in the art and will be applied when applicable.
Schemes and Examples General aspects of these exemplary methods are described below and in the Examples. Each of the products of the following processes is optionally separated, isolated, and/or purified prior to its use in subsequent processes.
Generally, the reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time, solvents, work-up procedures, and the like, will be those common in the art for the particular reaction to be performed. The cited reference material, together with material cited therein, contains detailed descriptions of such conditions.
Typically the temperatures will be -100°C to 200°C, solvents will be aprotic or erotic, and reaction times will be 10 seconds to 10 days. Work-up typically consists of quenching any unreacted reagents followed by partition between a water/organic layer system (extraction) and separating the layer containing the product.
Oxidation and reduction reactions are typically carried out at temperatures near room temperature (about 20 °C), although for metal hydride reductions frequently the temperature is reduced to 0 °C to -100 °C, solvents are typically aprotic for reductions and may be either erotic or aprotic for oxidations.
Reaction times are adjusted to achieve desired conversions.
Condensation reactions are typically carried out at temperatures near room temperature, although for non-equilibrating, kinetically controlled condensations reduced temperatures (0 °C to -100 °C) are also common.
Solvents can be either erotic (common in equilibrating reactions) or aprotic (common in kinetically controlled reactions).
Standard synthetic techniques such as azeotropic removal of reaction by-products and use of anhydrous reaction conditions (e.g., inert gas environments) are common in the art and will be applied when applicable.
The terms "fleeted", "treating", s'treatment9', and the hke, w en u"~e In connection with a chemical synthetic operation, mean contacting, mixing, reacting, allowing to react, bringing into contact, and other terms common in the art for indicating that one or more chemical entities is treated in such a manner as to convert it to one or more other chemical entities. This means that "treating compound one with compound two" is synonymous with "allowing compound one to react with compound two", "contacting compound one with compound two", "reacting compound one with compound two", and other expressions common in the art of organic synthesis for reasonably indicating that compound one was "treated", "reacted", "allowed to react", etc., with compound two. For example, treating indicates the reasonable and usual manner in which organic chemicals are allowed to react. Normal concentrations (0.01M to lOM, typically O.1M to 1M), temperatures (-100 °C to 250 °C, typically -78 °C to 150 °C, more typically -78 °C to 100 °C, still more typically 0 °C to 100 °C), reaction vessels (typically glass, plastic, metal), solvents, pressures, atmospheres (typically air for oxygen and water insensitive reactions or nitrogen or argon for oxygen or water sensitive), etc., are intended unless otherwise indicated. The knowledge of similar reactions known in the art of organic synthesis are used in selecting the conditions and apparatus for "treating" in a given process. In particular, one of ordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis selects conditions and apparatus reasonably expected to successfully carry out the chemical reactions of the described processes based on the knowledge in the art.
Modifications of each of the exemplary schemes and in the examples (hereafter "exemplary schemes") leads to various analogs of the specific exemplary materials produce. The above-cited citations describing suitable methods of organic synthesis are applicable to such modifications.
In each of the exemplary schemes it may be advantageous to separate reaction products from one another and/or from starting materials. The desired products of each step or series of steps is separated and/or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art. Typically such separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography.
Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example:
reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium, and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed (SMB) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
Another class of separation methods involves treatment of a mixture with a reagent selected to bind to or render otherwise separable a desired product, unreacted starting material, reaction by product, or the like. Such reagents include adsorbents or absorbents such as activated carbon, molecular sieves, ion exchange media, or the like. Alternatively, the reagents can be acids in the case of a basic material, bases in the case of an acidic material, binding reagents such as antibodies, binding proteins, selective chelators such as crown ethers, liquid/liquid ion extraction reagents (LIB), or the like.
Selection of appropriate methods of separation depends on the nature of the materials involved. For example, boiling point, and molecular weight in distillation and sublimation, presence or absence of polar functional groups in chromatography, stability of materials in acidic and basic media in multiphase extraction, and the like. One skilled in the art will apply techniques most likely to achieve the desired separation.
A single stereoisomer, e.g., an enantiomer, substantially free of its stereoisomer may be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixture using a method such as formation of diastereomers using optically active resolving agents (Stereochemistr_y of Carbon Compounds, (1962) by E. L. Eliel, McGraw Hill; Lochmuller, C. H., (1975)..1. ChromatogY., 113:(3) 2~3-302). Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the invention can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions.
Under method (1), diastereomeric salts can be formed by reaction of enantiomerically pure chiral bases such as brucine, quinine, ephedrine, stl-ychnne, a,-methyl-(3-phenylethylamine (amphetamine), and the like with asymmetric compounds bearing acidic functionality, such as carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid. The diastereomeric salts may be induced to separate by fractional crystallization or ionic chromatography. For separation of the optical isomers of amino compounds, addition of chiral carboxylic or sulfonic acids, such as camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, or lactic acid can result in formation of the diastereomeric salts.
Alternatively, by method (2), the substrate to be resolved is reacted with one enantiomer of a chiral compound to form a diastereomeric pair (Eliel, E.
and Wilen, S. (1994) Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 322). Diastereomeric compounds can be formed by reacting asymmetric compounds with enantiomerically pure chiral derivatizing reagents, such as menthyl derivatives, followed by separation of the diastereomers and hydrolysis to yield the free, enantiomerically enriched xanthene. A method of determining optical purity involves making chiral esters, such as a menthyl ester, e.g., (-) menthyl chloroformate in the presence of base, or Mosher ester, a-methoxy-a-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (Jacob III. (1982) J. Oyg. Chefn. 47:4165), of the racemic mixture, and analyzing the NMR spectrum for the presence of the two atropisomeric diastereomers. Stable diastereomers of atropisomeric compounds can be separated and isolated by normal- and reverse-phase chromatography following methods for separation of atropisomeric naphthyl-isoquinolines (Hoye, T., WO 96/15111). By method (3), a racemic mixture of two enantiomers can be separated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase (Chiral Liquid Chromat~raphy (1989) W. J. Lough, Ed. Chapman and Hall, New York; Okamoto, (1990) J: of Chronaatogt°. 513:375-378).
Enriched or purified enantiomers can be distinguished by methods used to distinguish other chiral molecules with asymmetric carbon atoms, such as optical rotation and circular dichroism.

Examples General Section A number of exemplary methods for the preparation of compounds of the invention are provided herein, for example, in the Examples hereinbelow..
These methods are intended to illustrate the nature of such preparations are not intended to limit the scope of applicable methods. Certain compounds of the invention can be used as intermediates for the preparation of other compounds of the invention. For example, the interconversion of various phosphonate compounds of the invention is illustrated below.
1NTERCONVERSIONS OF THE PHOSPHONATES R-LINK-PLO)(~Rl~, R-LINK-P(O)(ORI~(OH) AND R-LINK-P(O)(OH~-The following schemes 32-38 described the preparation of phosphonate esters of the general structure R-link-P(O)(ORl)2, in which the groups Rl may be the same or different. The Rl groups attached to a phosphonate ester, or to precursors thereto, may be changed using established chemical transformations.
The interconversion reactions of phosphonates are illustrated in Scheme 532.
The group R in Scheme 32 represents the substructure, i.e. the drug "scaffold, to which the substituent link-P(O)(ORl)2 is attached, either in the compounds of the invention, or in precursors thereto. At the point in the synthetic route of conducting a phosphonate interconversion, certain functional groups in R may be protected. The methods employed for a given phosphonate transformation depend on the nature of the substituent Rl, and of the substrate to which the phosphonate group is attached. The preparation and hydrolysis of phosphonate esters is described in Organic Phosphorus Compounds, G. M. Kosolapoff, L.
Maeir, eds, Wiley, 1976, p. 9ff.
In general, synthesis of phosphonate esters is achieved by coupling a nucleophile amine or alcohol with the corresponding activated phosphonate electrophilic precursor. For example, chlorophosphonate addition on to 5'-hydroxy of nucleoside is a well lmown method for preparation of nucleoside phosphate monoesters. The activated precursor can be prepared by several well known methods. Chlorophosphonates useful for synthesis of the prodrugs are prepared from the substituted-1,3-propanediol (Wissner, et al, (1992) ~:
lll~led Ch.erri.. 35:1650). Chlorophosphonates are made by oxidation of the corresponding chlorophospholanes (Anderson, et al, (1984) J. Org. Chem.
49:1304) which are obtained by reaction of the substituted diol with phosphorus trichloride. Alternatively, the chlorophosphonate agent is made by treating substituted-1,3-diols with phosphorusoxychloride (Patois, et al, (1990) J:
Cheara.
bS'oc. Pey~d~ii~ ~'f~afas. I, 1577)° Chlorophosphonate species may alsca be generated in situ' from corresponding cyclic phosphites (Silverburg, et al., (1996) Tety"ahedl'of2 lett., 37:771-774), which in turn can be either made from chlorophospholane or phosphoramidate intermediate. Phosphoroflouridate intermediate prepared either from pyrophosphate or phosphoric acid may also act as precursor in preparation of cyclic prodrugs (Watanabe et al., (1988) Tet~ahedf~orz lett., 29:5763-66).
Phosphonate prodrugs of the present invention may also be prepared from the free acid by Mitsunobu reactions (Mitsunobu, (1981) Syyathesis, 1;
Campbell, (1992) J. D~g. Chem. 57:6331), and other acid coupling reagents including, but not limited to, carbodiimides (Alexander, et al, (1994) Collect.
Czech. Chem. Commufa. 59:1853; Casara et al, (1992) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
2:145; Ohashi et a1,(1988) Tet~ahedy~on Lett., 29:1189), and benzotriazolyloxytris-(dimethylamino)phosphonium salts (Campagne et al (1993) Tetr-ahedrofa Lett. 34:6743).
Aryl halides undergo Ni~2 catalyzed reaction with phosphite derivatives to give aryl phosphonate containing compounds (Balthazar, et al (1980) .I.
Org.
Chem. 45:5425). Phosphonates may also be prepared from the chlorophosphonate in the presence of a palladium catalyst using aromatic triflates (Petrakis et al (1987) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109:2831; Lu et al (1987) Syratlzesis 726). In another method, aryl phosphonate esters are prepared from aryl phosphates under anionic rearrangement conditions (Melvin (1981) Tetrahedr~ofa Lett. 22:3375; Casteel et al (1991) Synthesis, 691). N-Alkoxy aryl salts with alkali met al derivatives of cyclic alkyl phosphonate provide general synthesis for heteroaryl-2-phosphonate linkers (Redmore (1970) J. Org. Chem.
35:4114). These above mentioned methods can also be extended to compounds where the WS group is a heterocycle. Cyclic-1,3-propanyl prodrugs of phosphonates are also synthesized from phosphoric diacids and substituted propane-1,3-diols using a coupling reagent such as 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in presence of a base (e.g., pyridine). Other carbodiimide based coupling agents like 1,3-disopropylcarbodiimide or water soluble reagent, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCl~ can also be utilized for the synthesis of cyclic phosphonate prodrugs.
The conversion of a phosphonate diester 532.1 into the corresponding phosphonate monoester X32.2 (Scheme 329 Reaction 1) is accomplished by a number of methods. For example, the ester 532.1 in which Rl is an aralkyl group such as benzyl, is converted into the monoester compound 532.2 by reaction with a tertiary organic base such as diazabicyclooctane (DAECO) or quinuclidine, as described in.I. Oj~. ClZen2. (1995) 60:294.6. The reaction is performed in an inert hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at about 110 °C. The conversion of the diester 532.1 in which Rl is an aryl group such as phenyl, or an alkenyl group such as allyl, into the monoester 532.2 is effected by treatment of the ester 532.1 with a base such as aqueous sodium hydroxide in acetonitrile or lithium hydroxide in aqueous tetrahydrofuran. Phosphonate , diesters 532.1 in wluch one of the groups Rl is aralkyl, such as benzyl, and the other is alkyl, is converted into the monoesters 532.2 in which Rl is alkyl by hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst. Phosphonate diesters in which both of the groups Rl are allcenyl, such as allyl, is converted into the monoester 532.2 in which Rl is alkenyl, by treatment with chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (Wilkinson's catalyst) in aqueous ethanol at reflux, optionally in the presence of diazabicyclooctane, for example by using the procedure described in J. O~g. Chem. (1973) 38:3224, for the cleavage of allyl carboxylates.
The conversion of a phosphonate diester 532.1 or a phosphonate monoester 532.2 into the corresponding phosphonic acid 532.3 (Scheme 32, Reactions 2 and 3) can be effected by reaction of the diester or the monoester with trimethylsilyl bromide, as described in J. Claena. Soc., Chena. Comm., (1979) 739. The reaction is conducted in an inert solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a silylating agent such as bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, at ambient temperature. A phosphonate monoester 532.2 in which Rl is aralkyl such as benzyl, is converted into the corresponding phosphonic acid 532.3 by hydrogenation over a palladium catalyst, or by treatment with hydrogen chloride in an ethereal solvent such as dioxane. A phosphonate monoester 532.2 in which Rl is alkenyl such as, for example, allyl, is converted into the phosphoric acid 532.3 by reaction with Wilkinson's catalyst in an aqueous organic solvent, for example in 15% aqueous acetonitrile, or in aqueous ethanol, for example using the procedure described in ~ ~Ielv. ~'hirn. ~lca'cz. (195) 6~:61~. Palladium catalyzed hydrogenolysis of phosphonate esters 532.1 in which Rl is benzyl is described in ~: ~fg.
~'laean.
(1959) 24:434. Platinum-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of phosphonate esters 532.1 in which Rl is phenyl is described in .I. Afn. Claena. .~~e. (1956) 7:2336.
The conversion of a phosphonate monoester 532.2 into a phosphonate diester 532.1 (Scheme 32, Reaction 4) in which the newly introduced Rl group is alkyl, aralkyl, haloalkyl such as chloroethyl, or aralkyl is effected by a number of reactions in which the substrate 532.2 is reacted with a hydroxy compound R10H, in the presence of a coupling agent. Typically, the second phosphonate ester group is different than the first introduced phosphonate ester group, i.e. R1 is followed by the introduction of R2 where each of Rl and R2 is alkyl, aralkyl, haloalkyl such as chloroethyl, or aralkyl (Scheme 32, Reaction 4a) whereby 532.2 is converted to S32.1a. Suitable coupling agents are those employed for the preparation of carboxylate esters, and include a caxbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, in which case the reaction is preferably conducted in a basic organic solvent such as pyridine, or (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PYBOP, Sigma), in which case the reaction is performed in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide, in the presence of a tertiary organic base such as diisopropylethylalnine, or Aldrithiol-2 (Aldrich) in which case the reaction is conducted in a basic solvent such as pyridine, in the presence of a triaryl phosphine such as triphenylphosphine. Alternatively, the conversion of the phosphonate monoester 532.2 to the diester 532.1 is effected by the use of the Mitsunobu reaction, as described above. The substrate is reacted with the hydroxy compound R1OH, in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine such as triphenyl phosphine. Alternatively, the phosphonate monoester 532.2 is transformed into the phosphonate diester 532.1, in which the introduced Rl group is alkenyl or aralkyl, by reaction of the monoester with the halide RIBr, in which Ri is as alkenyl or aralkyl. The alkylation reaction is conducted in a polar organic solvent such as dimethylformamide or acetonitrile, in the presence of a base such as cesium carbonate. Alternatively, the phosphonate monoester is transformed into the phosphonate diester in a two step procedure. In the first step, the phosphonate monoester 532.2 is transformed into the chloro analog RP(O)(ORl)Cl by reaction with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride and the like, as described in Organic Phosphorus Compounds, Ca. M.
Kosolapoff, L. Maeir, eds, Wiley, 1976, p. 17, and the thus-obtained product RP(O)(ORl)Cl is then reacted with the hydroxy compound R1 OH, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, to afford the phosphonate diester 532.1.
A phosphoric acid R-link-P(O)(OH)2 is transformed into a phosphonate monoester RP(O)(ORl)(OH) (Scheme 32, Reaction 5) by means of the methods described above of for the preparation of the phosphonate diester R-link-P(O)(ORI)Z 532.1, except that only one molar proportion of the component R1OH or RIBr is employed. Dialkyl phosphonates may be prepared according to the methods of Quast et al (1974) Synthesis 490; Stowell et al (1990) Tetrahedf°on Lett. 3261; US 5663159.
A phosphoric acid R-link-P(O)(OH)2 532.3 is transformed into a phosphonate diester R-link-P(O)(ORl)z 532.1 (Scheme 32, Reaction 6) by a coupling reaction with the hydroxy compound R1OH, in the presence of a coupling agent such as Aldrithiol-2 (Aldrich) and triphenylphosphine. The reaction is conducted in a basic solvent such as pyridine. Alternatively, phosphoric acids 532.3 are transformed into phosphoric esters 532.1 in which Rl is aryl, by means of a coupling reaction employing, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in pyridine at ca 70 °C. Alternatively, phosphoric acids 532.3 are transformed into phosphoric esters 532.1 in which Rl is alkenyl, by means of an alkylation reaction. The phosphoric acid is reacted with the alkenyl bromide RIBr in a polar organic solvent such as acetonitrile solution at reflux temperature, the presence of a base such as cesium carbonate, to afford the phosphoric ester 532.1.

Scheme 32 O O
~

link p R-link ORS
R ORS -P

- - ~
~

OH S32.2 OR

532,1 R-link-p~ ORS R-link -P~
OH

ORS OH

832.3 532.1 O O

R-link-P~ ~R~ --~ R-link -~ OH

OH 532.2 OH 532.3 O O

R-link-P~ OR1 4 R-link -P~
ORS

OH ORS S32.1 S32.2 O O

R-link-P~ ORS 4a R-link -p~
ORS

OH OR2 S32.1a S32.2 O . O.
R-link-P ~ R p OH li ORS
k ~ - ~
n -OH OH 532.2 S32.3 O
R-link-P~ OH ---~ R-link-p ORS
OH ORS
S32.3 S32.1 Preparation of phosphonate carbamates Phosphonate esters may contain a carbamate linkage. The preparation of carbamates is described in Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations, A. R. Katritzky, ed., Pergamon, 1995, Vol. 6, p. 416ff, and in Organic Functional Group Preparations, by S. R. Sandier and W. Karo, Academic Press, 1986, p. 260ff. The carbamoyl group may be formed by reaction of a hydroxy group according to the methods known in the art, including the teachings of Ellis, US 2002/0103378 A1 and Hajima, US 6018049.
Scheme 33 illustrates various methods by wluch the carbamate linlcage is synthesized. As shown in Scheme 33, in the general reaction generating carbamates, an alcohol 533.1, is converted into the activated derivative 533.2 in which Lv is a leaving group such as halo, imidazolyl, benztriazolyl and the like, as described herein. The activated derivative 533.2 is then reacted with an amine 533.3, to afford the carbamate product 533.4. Examples 1- 7 in Scheme 33 depict methods by which the general reaction is effected. Examples 8 - 10 illustrate alternative methods for the preparation of carbamates.
Scheme 33, Example 1 illustrates the preparation of carbamates employing a chloroformyl derivative of the alcohol ~33.~. W this procedure, the alcohol 533.5 is reacted with phosgene, in an inert solvent such as toluene, at about 0 °C, as described in Orgy. Coll. Vol. 3, 167, 1965, or with an equivalent reagent such as trichloromethoxy chloroformate, as described in Ors.
Syn. Coll. Vol. 6, 715, 1988, to afford the chloroformate 533.6. The latter compound is then reacted with the amine component 533.3, in the presence of an organic or inorganic base, to afford the carbamate 533.7. For example, the chloroformyl compound 533.6 is reacted with the amine 533.3 in a water-miscible solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide, as described in Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. 3, 167, 1965, to yield the carbamate 533.7. Alternatively, the reaction is performed in dichloromethane in the presence of an organic base such as diisopropylethylamine or dimethylaminopyridine.
Scheme 33, Example 2 depicts the reaction of the chlorofornlate compound 533.6 with imidazole to produce the imidazolide 533.8. The imidazolide product is then reacted with the amine 533.3 to yield the carbamate 533.7. The preparation of the imidazolide is performed in an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at 0°, and the preparation of the carbamate is conducted in a similar solvent at ambient temperature, optionally in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, as described in J. Med. C7Zern., 1989, 32, 357.
Scheme 33 Example 3, depicts the reaction of the chloroformate 533.6 with an activated hydroxyl compound R"OH, to yield the mixed carbonate ester 533.10. The reaction is conducted in an inert organic solvent such as ether or dichloromethane, in the presence of a base such as dicyclohexylamine or triethylamine. The hydroxyl component R"OH is selected from the group of compounds 533.19 - 533.24 shomz in Scheme 33, and similar compounds. For example, if the component R"OH is hydroxybenztriazole 533.19, N-hydroxysuccinimide 533.20, or pentachlorophenol, 533.21, the mixed carbonate 533.10 is obtained by the reaction of the chloroformate with the hydroxyl compound in an ethereal solvent in the presence of dicyclohexylamine, as described in Can. J. Chezn., 1982, 60, 976. A similar reaction in which the component R"OH is pentafluorophenol 533.22 or 2-hydroxypyridine 533.23 is performed in an ethereal solvent in the presence of triethylamine, as described in ~Svfz., 1986, 303, and Clzezzz. ~ey~. 118, 4.68, 1985.
Scheme 33 Example 4 illustrates the preparation of carbamates in which an alkyloxycarbonylimidazole 533. is employed. In this procedure, an alcohol 533.5 is reacted with an equimolar amount of carbonyl diimidazole 533.11 to prepare the intermediate 533.8. The reaction is conducted in an aprotic organic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran. The acyloxyimidazole 533. is then reacted with an equimolar amount of the amine R'NH2 to afford the carbamate 533.7. The reaction is performed in an aprotic organic solvent such as dichloromethane, as described in Tet. Lett., 42, 2001, 5227, to afford the carbasnate 533.7.
Scheme.33, Example 5 illustrates the preparation of carbamates by means of an intermediate alkoxycarbonylbenztriazole 533.13. In this procedure, an alcohol ROH is reacted at ambient temperature with an equimolar amount of benztriazole carbonyl chloride 533.12, to afford the alkoxycarbonyl product 533.13. The reaction is performed in an organic solvent such as benzene or toluene, in the presence of a tertiary organic amine such as triethylamine, as described in Syzzthesis., 1977, 704. The product is then reacted with the amine R'NHa to afford the carbamate 533.7. The reaction is conducted in toluene or ethanol, at from ambient temperature to about 80 °C as described in Synthesis., 1977, 704.
Scheme 33, Example 6 illustrates the preparation of carbamates in which a carbonate (R"O)aCO, 533.14, is reacted with an alcohol 533.5 to afford the intermediate alkyloxycarbonyl intermediate 533.15. The latter reagent is then reacted with the amine R'NHZ to afford the carbamate 533.7. The procedure in which the reagent 533.15 is derived from hydroxybenztriazole 533.19 is described in Synthesis, 1993, 908; the procedure in which the reagent 533.15 is derived from N-hydroxysuccinimide 533.20 is described in Tet. Lett., 1992, 2781; the procedure in which the reagent 533.15 is derived from 2-hydroxypyridine 533.23 is described in Tet. Lett., 1991, 4251; the procedure in which the reagent 533.15 is derived from 4-nitrophenol 533.24 is described in Synthesis. 1993, 103. The reaction between equimolar amounts of the alcohol ROH and the carbonate 533.14 is conducted in an inert organic solvent at ambient temperature.
Scheme 33, Example 7 illustrates the preparation of carbamates from alkoxycarbonyl azides 533.16. In this procedure, an alkyl chlorofomnate 533.6 is reacted with an azide, for example sodium azide, to afford the alkoxycarbonyl azide 533.16. The latter compound is then reacted with an equimolar amount of the amine R'l~TFi2 to afford the carbamate 533.7. The reaction is conducted at ambient temperature in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide, for example as described in Syfatlaesis., 1982, 404.
Scheme 33, Example 8 illustrates the preparation of carbamates by means of the reaction between an alcohol ROH and the chlorofonnyl derivative of an amine 533.17. In this procedure, which is described in Synthetic Or_ anic Chemis , R. B. Wagner, H. D. Zook, Wiley, 1953, p. 647, the reactants are combined at ambient temperature in an aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, to afford the carbamate 533.7.
Scheme 33, Example 9 illustrates the preparation of carbamates by means of the reaction between an alcohol ROH and an isocyanate 533.18. In this procedure, which is described in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, R. B. Wagner, H.
D. Zook, Wiley, 1953, p. 645, the reactants are combined at ambient temperature in an aprotic solvent such as ether or dichloromethane and the like, to afford the carbamate 533.7.
Scheme 33, Example 10 illustrates the preparation of carbamates by means of the reaction between an alcohol ROH and an amine R'NH2. In this procedure, which is described in Chern. Lett. 1972, 373, the reactants are combined at ambient temperature in an aprotic organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a tertiary base such as triethylamine, and selenium. Carbon monoxide is passed through the solution and the reaction proceeds to afford the carbamate 533.7.

Scheme 33. Preparation of carbamates.
General reaction ROH.~ ROCOLv R~NH~ ROCONHR
533.1 533.2 533.3 533.4.
Examples R'NH~ 533.3 (1) ROH---~ ROCOCI ROCONHR' 533.5 533.6 S33.7 H
N
R'O N
(2) ROH~ ROCOCI -' S33.5 S33.6 O 533.8 R'NH2 S33.3 ROCONHR' S33.7 R'NH
(3) ROH ROCOCI R~ ROCOOR'~ ROCONHR' S33.5 S33.6 S33.9 S33.10 S33.3 S33.7 OII
N~N~N~N
R~O N R'NH~ S33.3 , (4) ROH S33.11 a ~ ROCONHR
S33.5 ~ O S33.8 S33.7 \ N, N
N \ N' ~ I N ~ S33.3 O"CI ~N R NH2 , (5) ROH ~ ROCONHR
S33.5 S33.12 S33.13pi '0'R S33.7 (R"O2)C=O R'NH2 ROCONHR' (6) ROH ROCOR" -S33.5 S~ S33.15 S33.3 S33.7 (~) ROH ~ R~~~cl ~ ROC~N~
533.5 533.5 533.15 R'NH2 33.3 ROCONHR' ---' 33.7 (8) ROH R'NHCOCI ROCONHR' S33.5 S33.17 S33.7 R'NCO
(9) ROH ---~ ROCONHR' S33.18' S33.5 S33.7 (10) ROH R-~ ROCONHR' S33.5 S33.3 533.7 O OH
CI ~ CI
R"OH = I / N N N-OH I
OH , CI / CI
O CI
S33.19 S33.20 S33.21 OH OH OH
F ~ F ~N
F I / F I /

S33.22 S33.23 S33.24 PREPARATION -OF CAhBOALKOXY-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHONATE
BISAMII?ATES MONOAI~I~ATES. DIESTEI~S AND IVIONOESTEI~S.
A number of methods are available for the conversion of phosphoric acids into amidates and esters. In one group of methods, the phosphoric acid is either converted into an isolated activated intermediate such as a phosphoryl chloride, or the phosphonic acid is activated in situ for reaction with an amine or a hydroxy compound.
The conversion of phosphoric acids into phosphoryl chlorides is accomplished by reaction with thionyl chloride, for example as described in J:
(8en. Claem. ZI6'SR, 1983, 53, 480, ~Tz. Obsehei Nhim., 1958, 28, 1063, or.J
Oy~.
Chum., 1994, 59, 6144, or by reaction with oxalyl chloride, as described in .I.
Ana. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 3251, or J. Ot~g. Chetra., 1994, 59, 6144, or by reaction with phosphorus pentachloride, as described in aI. Ofd-. Ch.ent., 2001, 66, 329, or in ~ llelee-l. CTtetn., 1995, 38, 1372. The resultant phosphoryl chlorides are then reacted with amines or hydroxy compounds in the presence of a base to afford the aniidate or ester products.
Phosphoric acids are converted into activated imidazolyl derivatives by reaction with carbonyl diimidazole, as described in J. Chetn. Soc., Chem.
Comna.
(1991) 312, or Nucleosides & Nucleotides (2000) 19:1885. Activated sulfonyloxy derivatives are obtained by the reaction of phosphoric acids with trichloromethylsulfonyl chloride or with triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride, as described in Tet. Lett. (1996) 7857, or Biootg. Med. CIzenZ. Left. (1998) 8:663.
The activated sulfonyloxy derivatives are then reacted with amines or hycli oxy compounds to afford amidates or esters.
Alternatively, the phosphoric acid and the amine or hydroxy reactant are combined in the presence of a diimide coupling agent. The preparation of phosphoric amidates and esters by means of coupling reactions in the presence of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide is described, for example, in J. Chetn. Soc., Chem.
Comm. (1991) 312 or Coll. Czech. Cltem. Conatn. (1987) 52:2792. The use of ethyl dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide for activation and coupling of phosphoric acids is described in Tet. Lett., (2001) 42:8841, or Nucleosides ~
Nucleotides (2000) 19:1885.
A number of additional coupling reagents have been described for the preparation of amidates and esters from phosphoric acids. The agents include Aldrithiol-2, and PYB~P and ~~P, as described in J. 0>"g. Claem., 1995, 60, 5214, and .J. Med. Chem. (1997) 40:3842, mesitylene-2-sulfonyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (I~S1VT), as described in J. Fled. Chem. (1996) 39:4958, diphenylphosphoryl azide, as described in J. Ot~g. Chetn. (1984) 49:1158, 1-(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (TPSNT) as described in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (1998) 8:1013, bromotris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BroP), as described in Tet. Lett., (1996) 37:3997, 2-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane, as described in Na~oleosides I4~uoleotides 1995, 14., 871, and Biphenyl chlorophosphate, as described in.I. Med. Chena., 1988, 31, 1305.
Phosphoric acids are converted into amidates and esters by means of the lVlitsunobu reaction, in which the phosphoric acid and the amine or hydroxy reactant are combined in the presence of a triaryl phosphine and a dialkyl azodicarboxylate. The procedure is described in ~rg. Lett., 2001, 3, 643, or.I.
Med. Chem., 1997, 40, 3842.
Phosphoric esters are also obtained by the reaction between phosphoric acids and halo compounds, in the presence of a suitable base. The method is described, for example, in AfZal. Chem., 1987, 59, 1056, or J. Chem. Soc.
Perkin Ti~afzs., I, 1993, 19, 2303, or J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 1372, or Tet. Lett., 2002, 43, 1161.
Schemes 34-37 illustrate the conversion of phosphonate esters and phosphoric acids into caxboalkoxy-substituted phosphonbisamidates (Scheme 34), phosphonamidates (Scheme 35), phosphonate monoesters (Scheme 36) and phosphonate diesters, (Scheme 37). Scheme 38 illustrates synthesis of gem-dialkyl amino phosphonate reagents.
Scheme 34 illustrates various methods for the conversion of phosphonate diesters 534.1 into phosphonbisamidates 534.5. The diester 534.1, prepared as described previously, is hydrolyzed, either to the monoester 534.2 or to the phosphoric acid 534.6. The methods employed for these transformations are described above. The monoester 534.2 is converted into the monoamidate 534.3 by reaction with an aminoester 534.9, in which the group R2 is H or alkyl; the group R4b is a divalent alkylene moiety such as, for example, CHCH3, CHCHZCH3, CH(CH(CH3)a), CH(CH2Ph), and the like, or a side chain group present in natural or modified aminoacids; and the group Rsb is Cl-Clz alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, or isobutyl; C6-C2o aryl, such as phenyl or substituted phenyl; or C6-CZO arylalkyl, such as benzyl or benzyhydryl. The reactants are combined in the presence of a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide, for example dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, as described in J. Am.
Clzem. Soc., (1957) 79:3575, optionally in the presence of an activating agent such as hydroxybenztriazole, to yield the amidate product 534.3. The amidate-forming reaction is also effected in the presence of coupling agents such as ~~P, as described in ~: ~~~. Cla~yn. (1995) 60:5214, Aldrithiol, P~~P and similar coupling agents used for the preparation of amides and esters. Alternatively, the reactants 534.2 and 534.9 are transformed into the monoamidate 534.3 by means of a Mitsunobu reaction. The preparation of amidates by means of the Mitsunobu reaction is described in.I ll~eel. Che~rz. (1995) 35:2742. Equimolar amounts of the reactants are combined in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran in the presence of a triaryl phosphine and a dialkyl azodicarboxylate. The thus-obtained monoamidate ester 534.3 is then transformed into amidate phosphonic acid 534.4. The conditions used for the hydrolysis reaction depend on the nature of the Rl group, as described previously. The phosphonic acid amidate 534.4 is then reacted with an aminoester 534.9, as described above, to yield the bisamidate product 534.5, in which the amino substituents are the same or different. Alternatively, the phosphonic acid 534.6 may be treated with two different amino ester reagents simulataneously, i.e. 534.9 where R2, R4b or Rsb are different. The resulting mixture of bisamidate products 534.5 may then be separable, e.g. by chromatography.
Scheme 34 O O O
R-link-P~ ORS -~ R-link-I'~ OR~~ R-link-P~ OH ---' 34.7 ORS OH OH
S34.1 S34.2 S34.6 S34.9 S34.
O O O
R-link-P~ ~R~ R-link-P~ ORS -- R-link-P~ OH2 N-R
Lv R~NH(R4b)C02R5b R4 N R ~R4bj 5b S34.8 534.9 ~ ~~C02R5b C02R
S34.3 534.4 R-link-P~ Lv - - R-link-P-N~ ab sCO~RSb R-link-P-N eb (Lv or OH) S34.9 ab N.R2 (R ) S34,9 (Lv orIOH)Rab)- C02R
S34.7 (R ) CO~RSb 534.11 534.5 O
R-link-P NH H~I(Rab)CO~Rsb R-link P~ NH
S34,12 NH ((Rab)~p2R5b NHS ~ a~f 534.10 (R )~C02R5b 534.
An example of this procedure is shown in Scheme 34, Example 1. In this procedure, a dibenzyl phosphonate 534.14 is reacted with diazabicyclooctane (DABCO) in toluene at reflux, as described in J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 2946, to afford the monobenzyl phosphonate 534.15. The product is then reacted with equimolar amounts of ethyl alaninate 534.16 and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide in pyridine, to yield the amidate product 534.17. The benzyl group is then removed, for example by hydrogenolysis over a palladium catalyst, to give the monoacid product 534.18 which may be unstable according to J. Med. Chem.
(1997) 40(23):3842. This compound 534.18 is then reacted in a Mitsunobu reaction with ethyl leucinate 534.19, triphenyl phosphine and diethylazodicarboxylate, as described in J. Med. Cherra., 1995, 38, 2742, to produce the bisamidate product 534.20.
Using the above procedures, but employing in place of ethyl leucinate 534.19 or ethyl alaninate 534.16, different aminoesters 534.9, the corresponding products 534.5 are obtained.
Alternatively, the phosphonic acid 534.6 is converted into the bisamidate 534.5 by use of the coupling reactions described above. The reaction is performed in one step, in which case the nitrogen-related substituents present in the product 534.5 are the same, or in two steps, in which case the nitrogen-related substituents can be different.
An example of the method is shown in Scheme 34, Example 2. In this procedure, a phosphonic acid 534.6 is reacted in pyridine solution with excess ethyl phenylalaninate 534.21 and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, for example as described in .I. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 1991, 1063, to give the bisamidate product 534.22.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of ethyl phenylalaninate, different aminoesters 534.9, the corresponding products 534.5 are obtained.
As a further alternative, the phosphoric acid 534.6 is converted into the mono or bis-activated derivative 534.7, in which Lv is a leaving group such as chloro, imidazolyl, triisopropylbenzenesulfonyloxy etc. The conversion of phosphoric acids into chlorides 53~..~' (Lv = Cl) is effected by reaction with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride and the like, as described in ~r anic Phosphorus Compounds, G. M. Kosolapoff, L. Maeir, eds, Wiley, 1976, p. 17.
The conversion of phosphoric acids into monoimidazolides 534.7 (Lv =
imidazolyl) is described in J. Med. ChenZ., 2002, 45, 1284 and in J. Chem.
Soc.
Chern. Comm., 1991, 312. Alternatively, the phosphoric acid is activated by reaction with triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride, as described in Nucleosides ayad Nucleotides, 2000, 10, 1885. The activated product is then reacted with the aminoester 534.9, in the presence of a base, to give the bisamidate 534.5. The reaction is performed in one step, in which case the nitrogen substituents present in the product 534.5 are the same, or in two steps, via the intermediate 534.11, in which case the nitrogen substituents can be different.
Examples of these methods are shown in Scheme 34, Examples 3 and 5.
In the procedure illustrated in Scheme 34, Example 3, a phosphoric acid 534.6 is reacted with ten molar equivalents of thionyl chloride, as described in Zh.
Obschei Khim., 1958, 28, 1063, to give the dichloro compound 534.23. The product is then reacted at reflux temperature in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile, and in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, with butyl serinate 534.24 to afford the bisamidate product 534.25.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of butyl serinate 534.24, different aminoesters 534.9, the corresponding products 534.5 are obtained.
In the procedure illustrated in Scheme 34, Example 5, the phosphoric acid 534.6 is reacted, as described in ,I. Che~ra. Soc. Claem. Conafra., 1991, 312, with carbonyl diimidazole to give the imidazolide S34.S32. The product is then reacted in acetonitrile solution at ambient temperature, with one molar equivalent of ethyl alaninate 534.33 to yield the monodisplacement product S34.S34. The latter compound is then reacted with carbonyl diimidazole to produce the activated intermediate 534.35, and the product is then reacted, under the same conditions, with ethyl l~T-methylalaninate 534.33x to give the bisamidate product 534.36.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of ethyl alaninate 534.33 or ethyl 1V-methylalaninate 534.33x, different aminoesters 534.9, the corresponding products 534.5 are obtained.
The intermediate monoamidate 534.3 is also prepared from the monoester 534.2 by first converting the monoester into the activated derivative 534.8 in which Lv is a leaving group such as halo, imidazolyl etc, using the procedures described above. The product 534.8 is then reacted with an aminoester 534.9 in the presence of a base such as pyridine, to give an intermediate monoamidate product 534.3. The latter compound is then converted, by removal of the Rl group and coupling of the product with the aminoester 534.9, as described above, into the bisamidate 534.5.
An example of this procedure, in which the phosphonic acid is activated by conversion to the chloro derivative 534.26, is shown in Scheme 34, Example 4. In this procedure, the phosphonic monobenzyl ester 534.15 is reacted, in dichloromethane, with thionyl chloride, as described in Tet. Letters., 1994, 35, 4097, to afford the phosphoryl chloride 534.26. The product is then reacted in acetonitrile solution at ambient temperature with one molar equivalent of ethyl 3-amino-2-methylpropionate 534.27 to yield the monoamidate product 534.28.
The latter compound is hydrogenated in ethylacetate over a 5% palladium on carbon catalyst to produce the monoacid product 534.29. The product is subj ected to a Mitsunobu coupling procedure, with equimolar amounts of butyl alaninate 534.30, triphenyl phosphine, diethylazodicarboxylate and triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran, to give the bisamidate product 534.31.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of ethyl 3-amino-2-methylpropionate 534.27 or butyl alaninate 534.30, different aminoesters 534.9, the corresponding products 534.5 are obtained.

The activated phosphonic acid derivative 534.7 is also converted into the bisamidate 534.5 via the diamino compound 534.10. The conversion of activated phosphonic acid derivatives such as phosphoryl chlorides into the corresponding amino analogs 534.10, by reaction with ammonia, is described in ~r~anic Phosphouus Compounds, C. I~/1. I~osolapoff, L. I~Iaeir, eds, ~iley, 1976.
The bisamino compound 534.10 is then reacted at elevated temperature with a haloester 534.12 (Hal = halogen, i.e. F, Cl, Br, I), in a polar organic solvent such as dimethylformamide, in the presence of a base such as 4, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (I~hIAP) or potassium carbonate, to yield the bisamidate S34.S. Alternatively, 534.6 may be treated with two different amino ester reagents simulataneously, i.e. 534.12 where Rib or Rsb are different. The resulting mixture of bisamidate products 534.5 may then be separable, e.g. by chromatography.
An example of this procedure is shown in Scheme 34, Example 6. In this method, a dichlorophosphonate 534.23 is reacted with ammonia to afford the diamide 534.37. The reaction is performed in aqueous, aqueous alcoholic or alcoholic solution, at reflux temperature. The resulting diamino compound is then reacted with two molar equivalents of ethyl 2-bromo-3-methylbutyrate 534.38, in a polar organic solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidinone at ca. 150 °C, in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate, and optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of potassium iodide, to afford the bisamidate product 534.39.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of ethyl 2-bromo-3-methylbutyrate 534.38, different haloesters 534.12 the corresponding products 534.5 are obtained.
The procedures shown in Scheme 34 are also applicable to the preparation of bisamidates in which the aminoester moiety incorporates different functional groups. Scheme 34, Example 7 illustrates the preparation of bisamidates derived from tyrosine. In this procedure, the monoimidazolide 534.32 is reacted with propyl tyrosinate 534.40, as described in Example 5, to yield the monoamidate 534.41. The product is reacted with carbonyl diimidazole to give the imidazolide 534.42, and this material is reacted with a further molar equivalent of propyl tyrosinate to produce the bisamidate product 534.43.

Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of propyl tyrosinate 534.40, different aminoesters 534.9, the corresponding products 534.5 are obtained. The aminoesters employed in the two stages of the above procedure can be the same or different, so that bisamidates with the same or different S amino substituents are prepared.
Scheme 35 illustrates methods for the preparation of phosphonate monoamidates.
In one procedure, a phosphonate monoester 534.1 is converted, as described in Scheme 34, into the activated derivative 53..8. This compound is then reacted, as described above, with an aminoester 534.9, in the presence of a base, to afford the monoamidate product 535.1.
The procedure is illustrated in Scheme 35, Example 1. In this method, a monophenyl phosphonate 535.7 is reacted with, for example, thionyl chloride, as described in J. Gen. ClZena. USSR., 1983, 32, 367, to give the chloro product 535.8. The product is then reacted, as described in Scheme 34, with ethyl alaninate, S3, to yield the amidate 535.10.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of ethyl alaninate 535.9, different aminoesters 534.9, the corresponding products 535.1 are obtained.
! Alternatively, the phosphonate monoester 534.1 is coupled, as described in Scheme 34, with an aminoester 534.9 to produce the amidate, 5335.1. If necessary, the Rl substituent is then altered, by initial cleavage to afford the phosphoric acid 535.2. The procedures for this transformation depend on the nature of the Rl group, and are described above. The phosphoric acid is then transformed into the ester amidate product 535.3, by reaction with the hydroxy compound R30H, in which the group R3 is aryl, heterocycle, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl etc, using the same coupling procedures (carbodiimide, Aldrithiol-2, PYBOP, Mitsunobu reaction etc) described in Scheme 34 for the coupling of amines and phosphoric acids.

Scheme 34 Example 1 O O H2NCH(Me)C02Et R-link-p~ OBn ---~ R-link-p~ OH S~ R-link-p N~Me OBn OBn OBn COOEt 535.1 ~. 534. 9 ~ 534. ~ ~
~ H ~ H Me R-link-p N Me H~NCH(CH2Pr'jCO~Et R-link-p-N
OH COOEt ~ Pr'H2C ,NH COOEt S3~°.13 ~ OOEt S34.20 Scheme 34 Example 2 Bn O H2NCH(Bn)C02Et O ~---COOEt R-link-p~ OH S34.2~ R-link-p-NH
OH \NH
Bn--C
COOEt S34.6 S34.22 :;..~~ ~.~;~~ y ,° tr,.~~ a" ~: ~"~t , ~ . ".".. """ .....,. .. ......
.
OH
Scheme 34 Example 3 H2NCH(CH2OH)C02Bu O ~C02Bu O S34.24 ' -NH
R-link-P~ CI -~- R-link-PENH
R-link-P~ OH '-' CI
OH
534..23 H ~CO2Bu 534.5 534.25 Scheme 34. Example 4 H2NCN~CH(Me)CO~Et O
~ ~ 534.27 R-link-P-OBn R-link-P~ OBn~ R-link-P~~OBn \NH
OH
4.'i a 534'.25 ~--CO~Et Me S34.28 O
R-link-P~ OH H2NCH(Me)COZBu NH ~ R-fink S34.30 -CO~Et Me S34.29 534.3n Scheme 34 Example 5 Me O H2NCH(Me)C02Et O ~-'C02Et O n .---, R-link-P~ NH
R-link-P~ OH -" R-link-Phi OH 534.33 OH
OH S34.34 S34.6 S34.32 Me Me =C02Et O ,--C02Et MeNHCH(Me)C02EtR-link-P~ NH
R-link -P-NH -~ Im S34.33a N-Me ' Me--C02Et S34.35 S34.36 Pr' Scheme 34 Example 6 O >-C02Et O BrCH(Pr')C02Et R-link-P~ NH
O _ R-fink-P~ CI '~ R-link-P~NHHZ ~ i NH
CI 2 534.39 S34.23 S34.37 Pr --C02Et Scheme 34 Example 7 HO
R-linlc -p-OH R-link -p-Im H2N CO2Pr NH NH
R-link-P~ OH
Im 534.4~ CO~Pr CO~Pr 534.32 HO/ 534.41 H~ 534.42 ' PrO2C
O
R-link-p~ NH
--~ N H _ ~CO~Pr OH
S34.43 Examples of this method are shown in Scheme 35, Examples and 2 and 3. In the sequence shown in Example 2, a monobenzyl phosphonate 535.11 is transformed by reaction with ethyl alaninate, using one of the methods described above, into the monoamidate 535.12. The benzyl group is then removed by catalytic hydrogenation in ethylacetate solution over a 5% palladium on carbon catalyst, to afford the phosphonic acid amidate 535.13. The product is then reacted in dichloromethane solution at ambient temperature with equimolar amounts of 1-(dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide and trifluoroethanol 535.14, for example as described in Tet. Lett., 2001, 42, 8841, to yield the amidate ester 535.15.
In the sequence shown in Scheme 35, Example 3, the monoamidate 535.13 is coupled, in tetrahydrofuran solution at ambient temperature, with equimolar amounts of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide and 4-hydroxy-IV
methylpiperidine 535.16, to produce the amidate ester product 535.17.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the ethyl alaninate product 535.12 different monoacids 535.2, and in place of trifluoroethanol 535.14 or 4-hydroxy-N-methylpiperidine 535.16, different hydroxy compounds R30H, the corresponding products 535.3 are obtained.
Alternatively, the activated phosphonate ester 534.8 is reacted with ammonia to yield the amidate 535.4. The product is then reacted, as described in Scheme 34., with a haloester 535.5, in the presence of a base, to produce the amidate product 535.6. If appropriate, the nature of the Rl group is changed, using the procedures described above, to give the product 535.3. The method is illustrated in Scheme 35, Example 4. 1n this sequence, the rnonophenyl phosphoryl chloride 535.18 is reacted, as described in Scheme 34, with ammonia, to yield the amino product 535.19. This material is then reacted in N-methylpyrrolidinone solution at 170° with butyl 2-bromo-3-phenylpropionate 535.20 and potassium carbonate, to afford the amidate product 535.21.
Using these procedures, but employing, in place of butyl 2-bromo-3-phenylpropionate 535.20, different haloesters-535.5, the corresponding products 535.6 are obtained.
The monoamidate products 535.3 are also prepared from the doubly activated phosphonate derivatives 534.7. In this procedure, examples of which are described in Syfalett., 1998, l, 73, the intermediate 534.7 is reacted with a limited amount of the aminoester 534.9 to give the mono-displacement product 534.11. The latter compound is then reacted with the hydroxy compound R30H
in a polar organic solvent such as dimethylformamide, in the presence of a base such as diisopropylethylamine, to yield the monoamidate ester 535.3.
The method is illustrated in Scheme 35, Example 5. In this method, the phosphoryl dichloride 535.22 is reacted in dichloromethane solution with one molar equivalent of ethyl N-methyl tyrosinate 535.23 and dimethylaminopyridine, to generate the monoamidate 535.24. The product is then reacted with phenol 535.25 in dimethylformamide containing potassium carbonate, to yield the ester amidate product 535.26.
Using these procedures, but employing, in place of ethyl N-methyl tyrosinate 535.23 or phenol 535.25, the aminoesters 34.9 and/or the hydroxy compounds R30H, the corresponding products 535.3 are obtained.

Scheme 35 O O O
R-link-P ORS ~ R-link-P ORS ~ R-link-P-OH = S35.3 ~[~H 534.9 ~N-R2 ~N-R2 S34.T (R4bj (R4bj R~NH(R~b)COZRSb ~ C~~RSb ~OZRSb 534.9 535.1 535.2 O ~ Hal(R4b)C02R5b . 0 R-link-P~ ~R~ ~ R-link-P~ ~R~ -> R-link-P~ ORS
Lv NH2 535.5 NH
535.4 (R4b~
C02R5b S34.8 535.6 R-link-P~ Lvr R-link-P~ N 4b R-link-P~ OR3 Lv S34.9 Lv (R ) N-R2 5b R4b' S34.7 CO~R
S34.11 C02R5b S35.3 Scheme 35 Example 1 H2NCH(Me)C02Et R-link-P~ OPh > R-link-P~ OPh --> R-link-P~ OPh OH CI S35.9 NH
Me-C
S35.7 S35.8 C02Et S35.10 Scheme 35 Example 2 O
R-link-P-OBn ~ R-link-P-OBn --~ R-link-P-OH
OH NH \NH
Me-C Me--C02Et C02Et S35.11 S35.12 S35.13 O
CF3CH2OH R-link-P~ OCH2CF3 535.14 NH
Me~
CO2Et S35.15 Scheme 35 Example 3 O
R-link-P~ ~H OH R-link-P~ ~~WMe NH ~f~~ NH
Me-~ ~e > Me--C
C~~Et 535.15 C~~Et 535.13 535.17 Scheme 35 Example 4 ~ ~ BrCH(Bn)CO2Bu O
R-link-P~ OPh ~ R-link-P~ OPh ~ R-link-P~ OPh CI NH2 S35.20 NH
S35.18 S35.19 Bn-C
CO~Bu S35.21 Scheme 35 Example 5 HO
O Me~N CO2Et O
R-link-P~ CI ~ R-link-P~ CI
CI S35.23 N-Me HO
CO~Et S35.22 S35.24 PhOH
S35.25 O
R-link-P~ O
N-Me HO
CO2Et S35.26 Scheme 36 illustrates methods for the preparation of carboalkoxy-substituted phosphonate diesters in v~hich one of the ester groups incorporates a carboalkoxy substituent.

In one procedure, a phosphonate monoester 534.1, prepared as described above, is coupled, using one of the methods described above, with a hydroxyester 536.1, in which the groups R4b and Rsb are as described in Scheme 34. For example, equimolar amounts of the reactants are coupled in the presence of a caabodiimide such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, as described in dust. .J
~aaern., 1963, 609, optionally in the presence of dimethylaminopyridine, as described in Tet., 1999, 55, 12997. The reaction is conducted in an inert solvent at ambient temperature.
The procedure is illustrated in Scheme 36, Example 1. In this method, a monophenyl phosphonate 536.9 is coupled, in dichloromethane solution in the presence of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, with ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate 536.10 to yield the phosphonate mixed diester 536.11.
Using this procedure, but employing, in place of ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate 536.10, different hydroxyesters 533.1, the corresponding products 533.2 are obtained.
The conversion of a phosphonate monoester 534.1 into a mixed diester 536.2 is also accomplished by means of a Mitsunobu coupling reaction with the hydroxyester 536.1, as descubed in ~~g. Lett., 2001, 643. In this method, the reactants 34.1 and 536.1 are combined in a polar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a triarylphosphine and a dialkyl azodicarboxylate, to give the mixed diester 536.2. The Rl substituent is varied by cleavage, using the methods described previously, to afford the monoacid product 536.3. The product is then coupled, for example using methods described above, with the hydroxy compound R30H, to give the diester product 536.4.
The procedure is illustrated in Scheme 36, Example 2. In this method, a monoallyl phosphonate 536.12 is coupled in tetrahydrofuran solution, in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diethylazodicaxboxylate, with ethyl lactate 536.13 to give the mixed diester 536.14. The product is reacted with tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium chloride (Wilkinson catalyst) in acetonitrile, as described previously, to remove the allyl group and produce the monoacid product 536.15. The latter compound is then coupled, in pyridine solution at ambient temperature, in the presence of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, with one molar equivalent of 3-hydroxypyridine 536.16 to yield the mixed diester 536.17.

Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the ethyl lactate S'36.13 or 3-hydroxypyridine, a different hydroxyester 536.1 and/or a different hydroxy compound R30H, the corresponding products 536.4 are obtained.
The mixed diesters 536.2 are also obtained from the monoesters 534.1 via the intermediary of the activated monoesters S3~a.5. In this procedure, the monoester 534.1 is converted into the activated compound 536.5 by reaction with, for example, phosphorus pentachloride, as described in .I. Crg. Chefn., 2001, 66, 329, or with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride (Lv = Cl), or with triisopropylben~enesulfonyl chloride in pyridine, as described in Nucle~sid~s and Nucle~tides, 2000, 19, 1885, or with carbonyl diimidazole, as described in J:
Med. Claeyn., 2002, 45, 1284. The resultant activated monoester is then reacted with the hydroxyester 536.1, as described above, to yield the mixed diester 536.2.
The procedure is illustrated in Scheme 36, Example 3. In this sequence, a monophenyl phosphonate 536.9 is reacted, in acetonitrile solution at 70 °C, with ten equivalents of thionyl chloride, so as to produce the phosphoryl chloride 536.19. The product is then reacted with ethyl 4-carbamoyl-2-hydroxybutyrate 536.20 in dichloromethane containing triethylamine, to give the mixed diester 536.21.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of ethyl 4-carbamoyl-2-hydroxybutyrate 536.20, different hydroxyesters 536.1, the corresponding products 536.2 are obtained.
The mixed phosphonate diesters are also obtained by an alternative route for incorporation of the R30 group into intermediates 536.3 in which the hydroxyester moiety is already incorporated. 1z tlus procedure, the monoacid intermediate 536.3 is converted into the activated derivative 536.6 in which Lv is a leaving group such as chloro, imidazole, and the like, as previously described. The activated intermediate is then reacted with the hydroxy compound R3~H, in the presence of a base, to yield the mixed diester product 536.4.
The method is illustrated in Scheme 36, Example 4. In this sequence, the phosphonate monoacid 536.22 is reacted with trichloromethanesulfonyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran containing collidine, as described in J. Med. Ch.em., 1995, 38, 4648, to produce the trichloromethanesulfonyloxy product 536.23. This compound is reacted with 3-(morpholinomethyl)phenol 536.24 in dichloromethane containing triethylamine, to yield the mixed diester product 536.25.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of with 3-(morpholinomethyl)phenol 536.24, different alcohols 1~3~H, the corresponding products 536.4 are obtained.
The phosphonate esters 536.4 are also obtained by means of alkylation reactions performed on the monoesters 534..1. The reaction between the monoacid 534.1 and the haloester 536.7 is performed in a polar solvent in the presence of a base such as diisopropylethylamine, as described in Anal. Chem., 1987, 59, 1056, or triethylamine, as described in J. Med. Chena., 1995, 38, 1372, or in a non-polar solvent such as benzene, in the presence of 18-crown-6, as described in Syn. Comm., 1995, 25, 3565.
The method is illustrated in Scheme 36, Example 5. In this procedure, the monoacid 536.26 is reacted with ethyl 2-bromo-3-phenylpropionate 536.27 and diisopropylethylamine in dimethylformamide at 80 °C to afford the mixed diester product 536.28.
Using the above procedure, but employing, in place of ethyl 2-bromo-3 phenylpropionate 536.27, different haloesters 536.7, the corresponding products 536.4 are obtained.

Scheme 36 O HORS (1 equiv.) O
R-link-P ORS
R-link-P~ OH
(R4b ~ 536.4 H~-Ra.b-COORSb OH
C02R5b I-I~I-R4b-C~ORSb S33.~
~ E'10-Rib-C~ORSb O
R-link-P-OR ~ R-link-P-ORS - R_iink-P-OH
~I-I X36.1 ~ 4b 5b ~ 4b 5b S34.1 ~-R -COOK O-R -COOK
S36.2 536.3 S36.1 O
R-link-P~ ORS O O
Lv R-link-P Lv ~ R-link-P-OR3 O-R4b-COORSb ~-R4b-COORSb S36.5 S36.6 S36.4 Scheme 36 Example 1 O
O R-link-P~ OPh ii HOCH2CH(Me)CO~Et O
R-link-P~ OPh --~
OH 536.10 538.9 M~ ..o..o~~.
538.1 ~
Scheme 38 Example 2 ~ HOCH(Me)CO~Efi ~ O
R-link-P~ ~ ~ R-link-P~ O > R-link-P~ OH
OH~ 538.13 Me-~ Me-C
S36.12 C~~Et CO2Et S36.14 S36.15 OH
N
S36.16 O
R-link-P~ O
O
Me--S36.17 C02Et Scheme 36 Example 3 O O
R-link-P~ OPh SOCI2 > R-link-P-OPh OH S36.18 I
CI
S36.9 S36.19 O
EtO2CCH(OH)CH2CH2CONH2 R-link-P~ OPh O
S
CO2Et H2N S36.21 Scheme 36 Example 4 O
R-link-P~ OH --~ R-link-P~ OBO~CCI~
O O
Me--C Me--C
CO~Et CO~Et 536.22 536.23 HO ' ~ N~ O
~O R-link-P~ O w N
O ~ ~ ~O
S36.24 Me--~
CO2Et 536.25 Scheme 36 Example 5 O BrCH(Bn)CO~Et ~ , R-link-P~ OH --' R-fink-P~ OCH(Bn)C02Et OCH2CF3 S36.27 OCH2CF3 S36.26 S36.28 Scheme 37 illustrates methods for the preparation of phosphonate diesters in which both the ester substituents incorporate carboallcoxy groups.
~ The compounds are prepared directly or indirectly from the phosphonic acids 534.6. In one alternative, the phosphonic acid is coupled with the hydroxyester 537.2, using the conditions described previously in Schemes 34-36, such as coupling reactions using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide or similar reagents, or under the conditions of the Mitsunobu reaction, to afford the diester product 537.3 in which the ester substituents are identical.
This method is illustrated in Scheme 37, Example 1. In this procedure, the phosphonic acid 534.6 is reacted with three molar equivalents of butyl lactate 537.5 in the presence of Aldrithiol-2 and triphenyl phosphine in pyridine at ca.
70 °C, to afford the diester 537.6.
Using the above procedure, but employing, in place of butyl lactate 537.5, different hydroxyesters 537.2, the corresponding products 537.3 are obtained.
Alternatively, the diesters 537.3 are obtained by alkylation of the phosphonic acid 534.6 with a haloester 537.1. The alkylation reaction is performed as described in Scheme 36 for the preparation of the esters 536.4.
This method is illustrated in Scheme 37, Example 2. In this procedure, the phosphonic acid 534.6 is reacted With excess ethyl 3-bromo-2-methylpropionate 537.7 and diisopropylethylamine in dimethylformamide at ca.
80 °C, as described in Anal. CIZenz., 1987, 59, 1056, to produce the diester 537.8.
Using the above procedure, but employing, in place of ethyl 3-bromo-2-methylpropionate 537.7, different haloesters 537.1, the corresponding products 537.3 are obtained.
The diesters 537.3 are also obtained by displacement reactions of activated derivatives 534.7 of the phosphonic acid with the hydroxyesters 537.2.
The displacement reaction is performed in a polar solvent in the presence' of a suitable base, as described in Scheme 36. The displacement reaction is performed in the presence of an excess of the hydroxyester, to afford the diester product 537.3 in which the ester substituents are identical, or sequentially with limited amounts of different hydroxyesters, to prepare diesters 537.3 in which the ester substituents are different.
The methods are illustrated in Scheme 37, Examples 3 and 4. As shown in Example 3, the phosphoryl dichloride S3S.22 is reacted with three molar equivalents of ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propionate 537.9 in tetrahydrofuran containing potassium carbonate, to obtain the diester product 537.10.
Using the above procedure, but employing, in place of ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propionate 537.9, different hydroxyesters 537.2, the corresponding products 537.3 are obtained.
Scheme 37, Example 4 depicts the displacement reaction between equimolar amounts of the phosphoryl dichloride 535.22 and ethyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropionate 537.11, to yield the monoester product 537.12. The reaction is conducted in acetoutrile at 70° in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. The product 537.12 is then reacted, under the same conditions, with one molar equivalent of ethyl lactate 537.13, to give the diester product 537.14.
Using the ab~ve procedures, but employing, in place of ethyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxypropionate 537.11 and ethyl lactate 537.13, sequential reactions with different hydroxyesters 537.2, the corresponding products 537.3 are obtained.
Scheme 37 O O

R-link-P-~H --~ R-l ink-P~
Lv O(R4b)CO O(R4)C02R5 RSb S37.5 Z 37.4 S37.1 S37.2 S37.2 O HO(R4b)CO2R5 O

I I 537.2_ t OH ~ R-link- ~
R-link-P 4b 5b P-O(R
)C02R

~ Hal(R4b)CO O(R4b)CO~RSb 534.6 RSb OH

~ S37.3 S37.1 S37.2 S37.2 O O

R-link-P~ ~ R-link -P~
Lv Lv Lv 537.2 O(R4b)C02R5b S34.7 S37.4 Scheme 37 Example 1 HOCH(CH3)C02Bu R-link-P~ OH ~ R-link-P OCH(CH3)C02Bu OH S37.5 OCH(CH3)C02Bu S34.6 S37.6 Scheme 37 Example 2 BrCH2CH(CH3)CO~Et R-link-P~ OH ~ R-link-P OCH~CH(CH3)C02Et OH 537.7 ~CH2CH(CH3)CO~Efi S34.6 S37.8 Scheme 37 Example 3 ~ (HOCH~)2CHCOzEt I~-link-P~CI ~ F~-link-P-OCH2CH(CH2OH)COzEt 535.22 537. ~CH2CH(CHzOH)COzEt 537.10 Scheme 37 Example 4 ~ HOCHzCH(CH3)CO2Et I~-link-P~ CI ~ R-link-P~ OCH2CH(CH3)CO~Et CI CI
S35.22 S37.12 HOCH(CH3)COzEt O
S37.13 R-link-P\ OCH2CH(CH3)C02Et OCH(CH3)COzEt S37.14 2,2-Dimethyl-2-aminoethylphosphonic acid intermediates can be prepared by the route in Scheme 5. Condensation of 2-methyl-2-propanesulfmamide with acetone give sulfinyl imine 538.11 (J. Org. Chem.
1999, 64, 12). Addition of dimethyl methylphosphonate lithium to 538.11 afford 538.12. Acidic methanolysis of 538.12 provide amine 538.13. Protection of amine with Cbz group and removal of methyl groups yield phosphonic acid 538.14, which can be converted to desired 538.15 (Scheme 38a) using methods reported earlier on. An alternative synthesis of compound 538.14 is also shown in Scheme 38b. Commercially available 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is converted to aziridines 538.16 according to literature methods (.l. Org. Chem.
1992, 57, 5813; S,~ra. Lett. 1997, 8, 893). Aziridine opening with phosphite give 538.17 (Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 21, 1623). Reprotection) of 538.17 affords 538.14.

Scheme 38a O O
acetone ~ ~ CH3P(O)(OCH3)2 S-NH2 ~ S-N
538.11 S~Li O O
/~~~,OCH3 HCl /\~~~OCH3 S N f~~OCH3 CH3OH ~ H2N \OCH3 H 538.12 538.13 O O
%~~~~OH /~~~~OPh CO2Et CbzHN POOH ~ H2N ~~O
538.14 S38.15 Scheme 38b O
NR HP(O)(OCH3)2 /~~~\OCH3 ~\~OH
H2N NaH RHN OCH3 S38.16R= Cbz, R'S02 S38.17 O
/~~~~OH
CbzHN ~'~OH
S38.14 The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting Examples.

Example 1 TBSO Bi H~e<, I ~ TBS~ ~ O/s s I ~ ~1.2 I
I 1'1 1. HFlpyridine 2. (Et~)~P(~)CH~Br, ,4g20 Et~' P~~ ~ O/~
~Et ~ N
I
1.3 Rapamycin (compound, 1.1, wherein the remaining poution of the rapamycin structure is not shown), a synthetic precursor of everolimus, is O-arylated as shown above using an appropriate aryl bismuth reagent according to a procedure such as that reported in Bioorg. Med. Chefn. Lett, 1995, 5, 1035.

(Dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)bromobenzene is treated either with magnesium in diethyl ether or with butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran, and the resulting organometallic reagent is reacted with bismuth trichloride to generate the triarybismuthine. After treating with 1- 1.2 equivalents of peracetic acid, the bismuth(V) reagent is mixed with rapamycin and copper(II) acetate. The reaction is allowed to proceed for a~day at room temperature or, if necessary, at reflux, affording the desired 3-(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)phenyl ether,1.2.
After removal of the dimethyl-t-butylsilyl protecting group, O-alcylation is achieved with diethyl (bromomethyl)phosphonate in the presence of silver oxide, affording the desired everolimus analog containing the diethylphosphonate, 1.3.
Silver ion-assisted reactions have been used to mediate O-alkylations on an immunosuppresive macrolide structurally similar to rapamycin: see J. Med.
Chefya., 1998, 41, 1764.

Example 2 HO~,, see J. Org. Chem., /
1998, 63, 6721 ~ / O
~ ,.s.. HO~ ~ 2.2 I 2.1 (Et0)2P(O)CH2Br, v / ~ s Et0 ~ ~O~
EtO
2.3 A phosphonate derivative of everolimus indolyl ether is prepared from rapamycin (formula, 2.1, wherein the remaining portion of the rapamycin structure is not shown) in a similar manner to that described in Example 1, with the exception that the key triindolylbismutlune intermediate is obtained from bromoindole following the procedure described in J. Of g. Clzem. 1998, 63, 6721.
Example 3 TBSO ~ Bi TBSO ~ 0~,, HOi, O~ 3 ~ / ~ O
3.1 3.2 1. HF/pyridine 2. (Et0)2P(O)CHZBr, Ag~O
O
Et0'O ~ O I ~ O, /
O
3.3 Tacrolimus (compound, 3.1, wherein the remaining portion of the tacrolimus molecule is not shown) is O-arylated as shown above using an appropriate aryl bismuth reagent according to a procedure such as that reported in ~i~ofg. Med. Claena. Lett, 1995, S, 1035. 3-(Dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)-bromobenzene is treated either with magnesimn in diethyl ether or with butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran, and the resulting organometallic reagent is reacted with bismuth trichloride to generate the triarybismuthine. After treating with 1 - 1.2 equivalents of peracetic acid, the bismuth(V) reagent is mixed with tacrolimus, 3.1, and copper(II) acetate. The reaction is allowed to proceed for a day at room temperature or, if necessary, at reflex, affording the desired 3-(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)phenyl ether. After removal of the dimethyl-t-butylsilyl protecting group with HF, O-akylation is achieved with diethyl (bromomethyl)phosphonate in the presence of silver oxide, affording the desired tacrolimus analog containing the diethylphosphonate, 3.3. Silver ion-assisted reactions have been used to mediate O-alkylations on an immunosuppresive macrolide structurally similar to tacrolimus. (See J. Med. Chem., 1998, 41, 1764.) Example 4 o,, HO~, see J. Or . Chem., 1998, 63, 6721 ~,~
HO N I / O~ 4.2 O
4.1 (EtO)2P(O)CHzBr, Ag20 O~, Et0' ~O
Et0 4.3 A phosphonate derivative of, 4.3, tacrolimus indolyl ether is prepared from tacrolimus (compound, 4.1, wherein the remaining portion of the tacrolimus molecule is not shown) in a similar manner to that described in Example 3 with the exception that the l~ey triindolylbismuthine intermediate is obtained from 5-bromoindole following the procedure described in J. O~g.
Clae3n. 1998, 63, 6721.
Example 5 Representative compounds of the invention can be made by procedures such as those described by Boer, et al, J. ll~le~s.r Spectr~~na. 1995, 30, 497-504 and Hoyte, et al, J: Nled. Claef~a. 200, 45, 5397-5405; they can also be made according to the following general routes.

O
n NH
R~ ~P~Link~
O
n N
2. deketali~ation RR'OP\Link~ 5.1 HN
O _ RO-P
1' R~p Link \
H
2. deketalization O
RO-P~
R'O Link Compounds of formulae, 5.1 and 5.2, wherein "Link" have any of the values defined herein for a linking group or a linker, are representative compounds of the invention.
Example 6 o~ °~

HO "n0~ HO "n0 ;HO ! c. NCI
i 5.3 O
O ~ Et0-P~ rN 5.4 6A '~ Et0 O
Et0-P~o NHz aq. formic acid Et0 ~TFA
O N
EtO-P~0 O
Et0 O
Na ~ ~ O
H O EtOOP~o 5.5 Et0-P~ + HON
Et0 OTf O
Prednisolone, 6A, is treated in a solvent, such as chloroform, with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid, such as concentrated hydrochloric acid.
After stirring for several hours (preferably 7 to 10 hours) at room temperature, the layers are separated and the organic layer is concentrated to afford the bis-(methylenedioxy) intermediate, 5.3 (Hirschmann, R. et al, J. Afra. Chef~a.
Soc.

1964, 86, 1520-1527). This intermediate is treated with diethyl (amino-oxymethyl)phosphonate in a solvent such as pyridine to afford the oxime, 5.4.
The oxime is treated with aqueous acid to remove the bis-(methylenedioxy) protecting group. For example, the oxime is treated with 60°/~ aqueous formic acid and heated at 90 °C for 10 min., cooled and concentrated using portions of ethanol to assist in removing formic acid. Chromatographic purification andJor crystallization of the residue yield the phosphonate oxune analog, 5.5, of prednisolone.
A key precursor of this synthesis, diethyl (aminooxymethyl)phosphonate, can be obtained from diethyl (trifluoromethyl-sulfonyloxymethyl)phosphonate and N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-hydroxylamine. Accordingly, N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-hydroxylamine is dissolved in a solvent such as THF and treated with sodium hydride. When bubbling ceases, diethyl (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxymethyl)-phosphonate (prepared according to Tetf°ahedron Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) is added.
After quenching the reaction with aqueous aimnonium chloride and extracting the product with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, the N-Boc protected diethyl (aminooxymethyl)phosphonate is isolated by chromatography. The N-Boc protecting group is then removed by treatment of trifluoroacetic acid, affording the desired diethyl (aminooxymethyl)phosphonate.

Example 7 :OOEt -10/c.I-IaH
7.1 7.2 i.s HZ, (PPh3)3RhCl HN-NHS
1. SnCh EtO P~~ \
2. NaNO~, HGI OEt 3. SnGh 7.5 NOZ
aq. f~rmic acid EtO~P-\O
OEt NaO
O NO~
EtO~P~ +
OEt OTf HO
O
EtO~P~O
OEt Prednisolone, 6A, is reduced to 1,2-dihydroprednisolone, 7.1, using a rhodium catalysis such as tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride under hydrogen according to a procedure such as that reported by Procopiou, P. et al, J.
Med. Che~z., 2001, 44, 602-612. The dihydroxy ketone group on the D ring of the steroid is then protected using the method described in Example 6, before formylation at the C-2 position. For example, the bis-(methylenedioxy) intermediate, 7.2, is treated with freshly distilled ethyl formate and sodium hydride in a solvent such as toluene. The reaction is quenched with aqueous solution of a weak base such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The crude product is purified by a general method such as crystallization, affording the 2-formyl intermediate, 7.3. This 2-fonnyl compound is condensed with a phosphonate-substituted phenylhydrazine to yield, after removal of the bis-(methylenedioxy) protecting group, the desired phosphonate pyrazole analog, 7.4, of prednisolone.
1-~ lcey precursor, 3-[(diethylphosphono)-methoxy]phenylhydrazine, 7.5, can be made starting from diethyl (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxymethyl)-phosphonate and 3-nitrophenol. 3-Nitrophenol is treated with a base such as sodium hydroxide and then O-alkylated with diethyl (trifluoromethylsulfonyl-oxymethyl)phosphonate. The nitro group is reduced with tin(II) chloride and subsequently converted to the aryl hydrazine by diazotization and reduction with sodium sulfite (Claerri.. ~~r°., 1960, p3, 540) or tin(II) chloride (.I. Nled. C'hena., x,001, ~Q, 4.031).
~~arr~ple~ 8-13 Synthetic methodologies and intermediate compounds that can be used to prepare VX-148 analogs of formulae A, E, or C are described in Examples ~-13.
The below compounds are representative examples of compounds of Formulae 6, 7, and 8.
CN

H H
N N ~ N O
H A
I ~ I
Nc OMe Link P(O)(OR)(OR') CN
O
H H
N N ~ N O
H
NC S
Link P(O)(OR)(OR') OMe (R
C
NC
OMe Link includes 0-8 atoms; 2 - 6 is preferred.

Example 8 1. Manipulation of FG
O~N I ~ R~ to introduce phosphonate moiety H2N I ~ NHBOC
2. Manipulation of RI
FG to protected primary amine Link-P(O)(OR)(OR ) 3. Reduction of vitro group Rt = 1-carbon substituent;
FG = functional group A general scheme that is useful for converting a 3,5-difunctionalized nitrobenzene derivative to an aniline that can be used to prepare a VX-14~
analog of the invention is illustrated above.
Example 9 I. soelz O~N ~ COpH 2. MeONH(Me) 1. homochiral 3. MeLi oxazaborolidine ~C

4. KZC03, DMF 3. DIAD/PPh3/NaN3 OH BrCH2CH:CHCHzB 4. PPh 5. P(OEt)g 5. (BOC)20 6. SnCl2, EtOH

3-Hydroxy-5-vitro-benzoic acid is heated briefly in thionyl chloride to generate the acid chloride. The acid chloride is condensed with O,N-dimethyl-hydroxylamine in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to produce the Weinreb amide which, upon reaction with methyl lithium, provides the-acetophenone derivative. The acetophenone derivative is treated with a base such as potassium carbonate in a Bipolar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl-formamide, in the presence of an excess of E-1,4-dibromobutene. The monobromide is isolated by chromatography and then subjected to treatment with triethylphosphite in a solvent such as toluene (or other Arbuzov reaction conditions: see Engel, R., "Synthesis of Carbon-phosphorus Bonds," CRC press, 1988) to generate the desired phosphonate diethyl ester. Thereafter, the carbonyl of the acetophenone is reduced enantioselectively using an appropriate homochiral oxazaborolidine such as that described by Corey (J. Arn. Claem.
Soc., 1987, 109, 5551), and the resulting alcohol is displaced by azide using a method such as that described by Mitsunobu Gull. Claern. S~c. Japan., 1971, 44, 34.27).
The azide is reduced to the amine under Staudinger conditions (Helv. Clzijra.
Act., 1919, 2, 635) and protected as the t-butyl carbonate. Finally, the desired aniline intermediate is generated by tin (II)-mediated reduction of the nitrobenzene.
The aniline is converted to a compound of Formula A (also Formula 6) using coupling reactions similar to those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,054,472 and U.S. Patent No. 6,344,465.
Example 10 O CN
H 'H
O~N ~ Rt similar sequence to Example 8 ~ N N ~ z N~~~
to provide aniline I ~ ~H
FG conversion of aniline to NO~ O ~ LinkP O OR OR' 10.1 compound of formula B OMe ( )C >( ) Rl = 1-carbon substituent;
FG = functional group A general scheme that is useful for converting a 3,4-difunctionalized nitrobenzene derivative, 10.1, to an aniline, which can be converted to a compound of Formula B (also Formula 7) using coupling reactions similar to those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,054,472 and U.S. Patent No. 6,344,465, is illustrated above.
Example 11 1. Manipulation ofR1 OzN I ~ R~ to introduce phosphonate moiety Link-P(O)(OR)(OR') and generate protected primary amine i-i2N
2. Reduction ofnitro group ~ NHBOC
i 11.2 Rl = 1-carbon substituent 11.1 ~ As in U.S. Patent No. 6 054,472 and U.S. Patent No. 6,344,465 (R'O)(RO)(O)P-Link CN
O
w N~N w N~O
N ~ i O I i H
OMe C
Manipulation of a 3-substituted nitrobenzene, 11.1, provides aniline, 11.2, which can be converted to a compound of formula C (also Formula 8) using coupling reactions similar to those described in U.S. Patent No.
6,054,472 and U.S. Patent No. 6,344,465.

Example 12 O~N ~ CHO BrMgCH2CH2CH20THP THPO
I ~ 02N ~ ~ OH
°i ~.~
1. H+/H2O
DI,4DIPPh3IN~N3 THPO 2. Tf~CH~P(~)(OEt)~, EIO~~~
MgO Bu EtO
02N I ~ N3 HEN I ~ NHBOC
i 3. PPh3 /
4. (B~C)~Q
5. SnCh, EtOH
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 12.1, reacts with a Grignard reagent to introduce a tether bearing a protected alcohol and simultaneously to generate a benzylic alcohol, as shown. The alcohol, 12.2, is displaced by an azide in a manner similar to that described for Example 9. After deprotection, the liberated alcohol is allcylated with diethyl phosphonomethyltriflate (prepared according to Tet~alzedr~f2 Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) using a base such as magnesium tert-butoxide in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. Subsequent transformations of the azide and nitro groups proceed in a fashion similar to that described in Example 9.
See Batt et al, Bioofg. Med. Claena. Lett., 1995, 5, 1549.
Example 13 ~ EtO~~ OJ~
HO' \ 1. HZNCHzCHZP(O)(OEt)2, DCC, HOBT, DMF EtO~P~N~_ OaN\ ~ ~NHBOC HZN
~NHBOC
2. SnCl2, EtOH
13.1 3-tent-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-(3-nitro-phenyl)-propionic acid, 13.1, (commercially available) is coupled with 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid diethyl ester (commercially available) using standard reagents for the formation of a secondary amide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and hydroxy-benztriazole (HOBT), in a solvent such as dimethylformamide. Subsequent reduction of the nitro group proceeds in a fashion similar to that described in Example 9.

Examle 14 1. Manipulation ofFG H N
OpN I ~ R1 to introduce phosphonate moiety z I ~ NHBOC
2. Manipulation of R~
to protected primary amine L~ ~-~i~>(OB)iOR') 3. Reduction of nitro group R = I-carbon substituent;
1 As in U.S. Patent No. 6,054,472 FG = functional group and U.S. Patent No. 6,344,465 v ~ N N I ~ H~~~~
H
O
~ ~~,~ Link-P(O)(Of2)(OR') The above scheme illustrates a general route that can be used to prepare compounds of Formula 9.
Example 15 I. soclz homochiral OpN ~ COaH 2. IVIeONH(Me).
oxazaborolidine 3. MeLi / 4. KZC03, DMF 3. DIADIPPhg/NaNg H BrCHzCH:CHCH2Br 4. PPh ~

5. P(OEt)3 5. (BOC)20 15.1 6. SnCI~, EtOH

15.2 15.3 3-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoic acid,15.1, is heated briefly in thionyl chloride to generate the acid chloride. This is then condensed with O,N-dimethyl-hydroxylamine in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to produce the Weinreb amide which, upon reaction with methyl lithium, gives the acetophenone derivative. This is then treated with a base such as potassium carbonate in a dipolar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl-formamide, in the presence of an excess of E-1,4-dibromobutene. The monobromide is isolated by chromatography and then subjected to treatment with ,triethylphosphite in a solvent such as toluene (or other Arbuzov reaction conditions: see Engel, R., "Synthesis of Carbon-phosphorus Bonds," CRC press,1988) to generate the desired phosphonate diethyl ester, 15.2. Thereafter, the carbonyl of the acetophenone is reduced enantioselectively using an appropriate homochiral oxazaborolidine such as that described by Corey (.I. Af~a. Chena. Soc.,1987, 109, 5551), and the resulting alcohol is displaced by azide using a method such as that described by Mitsunobu (Bull. Chew. Soc. .Iapan.., 1971, 44, 3427). The azide is reduced to the amine under Staudinger conditions (Helv. Chim. Act.,1919, 2, 635) and protected as the t-butyl carbonate. Finally, the desired aniline intermediate, 15.3, is generated by tin (II)-mediated reduction of the nitrobenzene.
Example 16 H H
~pN ~ R1 , similar sequence to Example 10 ' ~ ~ N N ~ ~ N~O
~ / ~ ~H
F~ I Lmlc N f~9~
Rt = 1-carbon substituent; P(~)(OR)(OR') FG = functional group Reagents suitable for use in the 'synthesis of representative compounds of Formula 10 may be made by routes analogous to that shown in Example 10, starting from 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoic acid.
Example 17 1. Manipulation of RI Link P(O)(OR)(OR') O~N~Rt to introduce phosphonate moiety H N
and generate protected primary amine ~ I ~ ~NHBOC
2. Reduction of nitro group 17.2 Rt = 1-carbon substituent As in U.S. Patent No. 6,054,472 and U.S. Patent No. 6,344,465 (R'O)(RO)(O)P-Link N II N ~ N~O~O
<O I I / O ~ H
N OMe 17.3 Representative compounds of Formula 11 can be prepared as illustrated in Examples 11-13, above. The preparation of anilines of formula, 17.2, is illustrated in Examples 11-13 above. Anilines of formula, 17.2, can be converted to compounds of Formula 11 using procedures similar to those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,054,472 and U.S. Patent No. 6,344,465.
Example 18 The following is a general route that can be used to prepare compounds of Formula 15.

F \
~O
N
H 1. KOH, Hz0/EtOH
2. HCI/H20 Interoonversion of Y to link-phosphonate r Example 19 F 19.1 O F ~ \ \
1. KOH, / N ~ \ F 19.3 H20/EtOH
2. HCI/H~O / \
I
1. NCI, MeOH I /
2. H2, Pd/C, EtOH ~
3. NaH, TsOCH2P(O)(OEt)Z I
4. LiOH, EtOH OBn The initial Pfitzinger condensation of compound 19.1 and compound 19.2 is achieved in a single step using potassium hydroxide with acidic work-up, as shown. Alternatively, the initial aldol condensation may be performed using diethylamine in ethanol, and the quinoline ring may be formed in a second step mediated by an acid such as hydrochloric acid in a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane.
Following removal of the benzyl protecting group via hydrogenation, the phenol can be treated in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dimethylformamide with a base such as sodium hydride. When bubbling ceases, diethyl phosphonomethyltriflate (prepared according to TetYCZ7zedYOn. Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) is added, yielding the desired phosphonate diester. The carboxylate is deprotected by treatment with lithium hydroxide in ethanol to provide compound 19.4. (which is a compound of Formula 12).
Example 20 F
~O
/ N 1.ICOH, H H20/EtOH
+ 2. HCI/H~O
OEt ~OEt P
O
The synthesis is similar to that depicted in Example 19 except that, following deprotonation of the phenol, E-1,4-dibromobutene is added in excess.
After quenching the reaction with aqueous ammonium chloride and extracting the product with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, the mono-alkylated product is isolated by chromatography. The resulting bromide is heated with triethylphosphite in a solvent such as toluene to generate the diethyl ester of the desired phosphonic acid, and the carboxylic acid is deprotected as before to provide compound 20A (which is a compound of Formula 12).

1. H2, Pd/C, EtOH
2. NaH, BrCH2CHCHCH2Br 3. P(OEt)3 4. LiOH, EtOH

Example 21 The structures of Prednisone, 21A (U.S. Patent No. 2,897,464), and representative phosphonate esters are shown below, in which the substituent Rl is I~, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl. The phosphonate compounds incorporate a phosphonate moiety (I~10)ZP(O) connected to the nucleus by means of a variable linking group, designated as "link."
OH " ..,~i,~
H
H hi ~R1~)~P~O)_I
21 A ~ 21.1 21.2 OH
[0l ..,~~~0~ [0l ..,~~~Or a ..,~~~OH
H H H
I-i f-I r' I-I I-I r~ ~ H I-i C ' )~ ( ) ~ ~ ~R'o)2pto)_lin~~ v 21.3 R O P O -lin4e 21.5 21.4 For example, the above scheme depicts a protection-deprotection sequence in which the steroid side-chain is protected as a bis-methylenedioxy (BMD) moiety. W this sequence, Prednisone, 21A, is reacted with paraformaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to yield the BMD derivative, 21.1. The phosphonate moiety is then introduced, using the procedures described below, to produce the phosphonate ester, 21.2. The BMD moiety is then hydrolyzed, for example by treatment with 50% aqueous acetic acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to afford the triol, 21.3 (which is a compound of Formula 23).
Optionally, depending on the nature of the reactions employed, the 11-lcetone group in the BMD compound, 21.1, is protected before introduction of the phosphonate group. The ketone is protected, for example, as the cyclic ethylene ketal, by reaction in toluene solution at reflux temperature with ethylene glycol and an acid catalyst, as described in.I. Ana. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 1904. Deprotection is effected by reaction with pyridinium tosylate in aqueous acetone, as described in J. Cheara. Soc., Chena. Co~raara., 1351, 1987.
Alternatively, the 11-ketone is protected by conversion to the N, N-dimethylhydrazone. The dimethyl hydrazone is prepared by the reaction of the ketone, 21.1, with N,N-dimethylhydrazine in ethanol-acetic acid, as described in ~rg. SyZ., 1970, 50, 102. The group is removed by treatment with sodium acetate and acetic acid in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, as described in ,I. Art.
Claem.
Soc.,1979, 101, 5841.
Alternatively, the 11-ketone is protected as the diethylamine adduct. In this procedure, the substrate, 21.1, is reacted with titanium tetrakis-(diethylamide), as described in J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Conam., 406, 1983, to afford the adduct. The ketone is deprotected by reaction with water in an aqueous organic solvent.
The 11-protected BMD compound, 21.4, is then converted, using the procedures described below, into the phosphonate, 21.5. Deprotection then yields the 11-keto diol, 21.3.
Example 22 X-Rz-NHz w~ ."~np OH
H
22.1 H
(R~ O)zP(O)-Rz-N
21.4 , 22.2 22.3 The preparation of phosphonates, 22.3, in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino or iminoxy group and a variable carbon chain are depicted above. In this procedure, the doubly-protected derivative, 21.4, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 22.1, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S
or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent.
For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the lilce. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime. The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Ayaczl. ~ioeh., 1978, ~6, 133 and in J: Mass. .SpectY~m.,1995, 30, 497. The protecting groups are then removed to afford the ketodiol, 22.3 (which is a compound of Formula 16).
Example 23 NMez ~ NMez "
N ~ ."~~O (R~0)zP(O)CHzONHz N ~ ."np OH
P2.8 Fi Fi , H hi R~O,~1 (R10)zP(O)CHzON R~0~~~0.
23.1 P2.9 P2.10 The preparation of phosphonates, P2.10, in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an iminoxy group, is illustrated above. The substrate, 23.1, a compound of Formula 23.1, in which the 11-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone, is reacted with a diallcyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, P2.8, prepared from a diallcyl trifluoromethyl-sulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate (Tetralaedr~oh Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, P2.9, which is deprotected by reaction with 50% aqueous acetic acid, to afford the diol, P2.10. The oxime forming reaction is typically performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts ~f the reactants.
The intermediate dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, P2.8, (compound, 2.7~ wherein I~2 is a bond) can be prepared as follows.

(R~O)zP(O)-Rz-CH2Lv BOCNHOH (R~O)zP(O)-Rz-CHzONHBOC~ (R~O)zP(O)-Rz-CH20NHz P2.5 P2.4 P2.6 P2.7 A phosphonate, P2.4, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with EOC-hydroxylan nne,1~2.~, (hldrich) to produce the ether, P2.6. The reaction is typically conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethyl-fonnamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example, by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, P2.7.
Example 24 ONHz NMez ~ ~ Br N w ."~n0 ~ / O HP(O)(OR~_)z H ~ ~ P2.13 H H P2.11 ' ~ I O, 23.1 Br P2.12 CHz=CHP(O)(OR~)z OH
P2.15 ~O
OH
".~~~~OH
\ ~ O' N / H I-I
O
P(O)(OR1)z (R10)2(o)P~Y
P2.14 P2.16 Y = CH=CH
P2.17 Y = (CHz)z The dienone, 23.1, is reacted, as described in Example 23, with O-(2-bromobenzyl)hydroxylamine, P2.11, prepared from 2-bromobenzyl bromide, to give, after deprotection, the oxime, P2.12. The product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a diallcyl phosphite, P2.13, to afford the phosphonate, P2.14. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Glaem., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is typically performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetralcis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).

Alternatively, the bromo compound, P2.12, is coupled with a dialkyl vinylphosphonate, P2.15 (Aldrich), to afford the phosphonate, P2.16. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," by F. A. Carey and R. J.
Sundberg, Plenum, 20019 p. 503ff and in Acc. C'hena. Res.,1979,12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethyl-formamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, P2.16, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to .produce the saturated analog, P2.I7. The reduction of olefinic bonds is described in "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 6ff. The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the benzyloxy reagent, P2.11, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, andlor different dialkyl allcenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, P2.14, P2.16 and P2.17 are obtained.
Example 25 P(O)(OR~)~
OH
N N
a~
P~ (R~O)2(O)P i 23.1 P2.19 The preparation of phosphonates of Formula 16 wherein the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino group is illustrated above. The substrate, 2~.1, is reacted with a dialkyl 4-aminophenyl phosphonate, P2.18 (Epsilon), to give, after deprotection, the imine product, P2.19. The reaction is typically conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the i presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions.
Ex~anple 26 ~~ ' NMe~
r~Me~
N ~ H ."~n0 HO(GHZ)~~NH~ OH H
P2.20 ~' / / H H
_ / N
23.1 P2.21 HO I ~ (R~O)2(O)P /
/ P(O)(OR1)2 ~ O
P2.21 P2.22 P2.23 O.
(R1 O)2(O) P2.23 --P2.24 H
The preparation of representative phosphonates of Formula 16 wherein the phosphonate is attached by means of an oximino group and an ether linkage is illustrated above, fii this procedure, the dienone, 23.1, is reacted with O-(2-hydroxyyethyl)hydroxylamine, P2.20 (J. Clzena. Soc., Cheyn. Conam., 1986, 903), to yield the oxime, P2.21. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with substituted hydroxylamines is described in J. Steroid Bioch., 1976, 7, 795.
The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The oxime is then reacted in a Mitsonobu reaction with a dialkyl 4-hydroxyphenyl phosphonate, P2.22 (Epsilon), to yield the ether oxime, P2.23. The preparation of aromatic ethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 448, and in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," Part B, by F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p.
153-4 and in ~Yg. React.,1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the alcohol or thiol component axe reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a dialkyl a~odicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in (~y~. React., 1992, 42, 335-656. The ether product, P2.23. is then converted into the ketodiol, P2.24 (which is a compound of Formula 16).
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine, P2.20, different hydroxy-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different hydroxy-substituted aryl phosphonates, the products analogous to P2.24 are obtained.
Example 27 0 0 0 °o o ."~~o~ _ ~ ......o H
21.1 - H OHC . H . X-R2-NHN_Hz ~
Fi hi Fi H P3.3 N~N ~ , H hi i O / O Rz P3.4 P3.1 P3.2 ~X
O~O O~O O'~00 O O
o .."~~o~ ~ o , o~ o ..""y .. ~~~ H
+ H H _ _ Rz-N ~ H Fi Rz-N \ Fi H N /
X ~N~ I , Fi H
(R~O)z(O)P ~N~ '~ ~N
Rz P3.6 P3.5 P3.7 ~P(O)(OR~)z OH OH
O O
O O ..,~~~OH
..,~npH H
H
I hi hi R2-N ~_ H H i N i (R~O)z(O)P 'N ~ N
Ra P3.8 P3.9 ~PmvnRw The preparation of the phosphonate esters of Formulae 17 and 18 in which the phosphonate group is attached to the 1' or 2' position of the pyrazole ring, by means of an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a heteroatom and a variable carbon chain. In this procedure, the BMI~-protected dienone, 21.1, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, P3.1. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodiutn (I) chloride, for example as described in J. Med. Clzem., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in J. Ar~z. Cherya. Soc., 1964, ~6, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, P3.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, arallcyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, P3.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, P3.4 and P3.5. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J. Afn. Cheo2. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520. The pyrazoles, P3.4 and P3.5, are then transformed via the BMD-protected intermediates, P3.6 and P3.7, into the phosphonates, P3.8 and P3.9, which are compounds of Formulae 17 and 18 respectively.

Example 28 NHNH~
J H
CO, P8.2 P3.1~ P3.12 (R~ O)2P(O)(CH~)~NH~
P3.17 O~
HOCMe~P(O)(OR~ )~
P3.13 O ~ (NH2)2P(O)(OR )~
~ .,~~~i O H
O 11 w~~n0 ~ ~ N ~ H H
P3.18 ~CMeaP(O)(OR~)~
P3.14 (CH2)2P(O)(OR~)~ O OH
NH O ..,~nOH
O H
~ N \ f-I Fiv H 'Nr /
n P3.19 OCMe~P(O)(OR~ )~
O P3.15 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of a phenyl ring and an ester or an amide linkage are illustrated above.
The ketoaldehyde, P3.2, is reacted with 3-carboxyphenylhydrazine, P3.10 (Apin), to give the pyrazoles, P3.11 and P3.12. The 2'-substituted isomer, P3.11, is then reacted in dichloromethane solution at ambient temperature with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl phosphonate, P3.13 (French Patent No. 2,462,440), and dicyclohexylcarbodiunide, to yield the ester, P3.14. The protecting groups are then removed to yield the diol, P3.15, which is a compound of Formula 18.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, P3.12, is coupled with a diallcyl 2-aminoethyl phosphonate, P3.17 (Aurora), to afford the amide, P3.18. The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in "Organic Functional Group Preparations," by S.R.Sandler and W.
Karo, Academic Press, 1968, p. 274, and "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R.' C. Laroclc, SCI-1,1989, p. 972ff. The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxy-succinimide or N-hydroxyp,yridone, in a non-erotic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF
or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid may first be converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like, and then reacted with the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide. The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride can be effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid with a reagent such as; for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide. The product, P3.18, is then deprotected to give the diol, P3.19 (which is a compound of Formula 17).
Using the above procedures, but employing different amino or hydroxyl-substituted phosphonates, and/or different carboxy-substituted hydrazines, the products analogous to P3.15 and P3.19 are obtained. The functionalization procedures are interchangeable between the pyrazole substrates, P3.11 and P3.12.
~ 175 -Example 29 V
H2NHN ~ ~ OH
~ .,~n,0 H I
P~.Z~ P3.20 H =.
+ N / I H hi P~.22 HO ~ ~ N H H
a N~~%U
HS(CH2)2P(O)(OR~)2 Br(CH~)3P(O)(OR~)2 P3.21 \ ~ ~~ 26 P3.23 O'~
~~
H I H N
OH P3.27 P3.24 \
P(O)(OR~ )2 H
S
(CH2)zP(O)(OR1)2 OH O
O ."~~~pH
P3.25 H
P(O)(OR~)2 N~ I / H H
N
\
S P3.28 (CH~)ZP(O)(OR~ )~
The preparation of the phosphonates of Formulae 17 and 18 wherein the phosphonate group is attached by means of a phenyl group and an alkoxy or alkylthio carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, P3.2, is reacted with 4-hydroxyphenyl hydrazine, P3.20 (EP 437 105), to produce the pyrazoles, P3.21 and P3.22. The 1'-substituted isomer, P3.21, is reacted, in dimethylformamide solution at 70°, with a dialkyl bromopropyl phosphonate, P3.23 (.I. Anaer~. Claefsa. Soc., 2000, 122, 1554), and potassium carbonate, to give the phosphonate, P3.24. The product is then deprotected to afford the diol, P3.25.
Alternatively, the 2'-substituted pyrazole, P3.22, is reacted in a Mitsonobu reaction, as described above, with a dialkyl mercaptoethyl phosphonate, P3.26 (Zh. Obsclaei. Khim., 1973, 43, 2364), to prepare the thioether phosphonate, P3.27, which is deprotected to give the diol, P3.28.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxyphenyl reagent, P3.20, different hydroxy-substituted aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydrazines, and/or different dialliyl bromo or mercapto-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, P3.25 and P3.28 are obtained.
~~~mple 30 P3.2 NH2NH2I O.

y H
N ~ ~ ~ Fi Fi v ~N
H P4.1 X_R~_CHZBr O
P 4.2 O
O
' H
N~ ~ H H
R; 'N r X H /
P4.3 I \R2 ~ P4.4 r-N

POO)(OR~)2 ~R2 ~
P4.5 OH O-P~ OR P4.6 OH
O ORS
O
0~~~~~~~OH O~ .,~nOH
/--Nip - . _-R2 ~N ~ / H H N ~ ~ / H H
P(O)(OR~)2 'R2 P4.7 (R~O)2(O)P P4.8 The preparation of phosphonate esters of Formulae 17 and 18 wherein the phosphonate group is attached by means of a variable carbon linkage is illustrated above. In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, P3.2, is reacted with hydrazine to afford the pyrazole derivative, P4.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in .I. Ar~z. C'heara. s~e, 196., 86, 1520. The reaction is perfomned in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, P4.2, to yield the alkylation products, P4.3 and P4.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in "Heterocyclic Chemistry," by T. L. Gilchrist, Longman, 1992, p. 309. The reaction is typically performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like. The products, P4.3 and P4.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, P4.5 and P4.6, using the procedures described herein. Deprotection affords the diols, P4.7 and P4.8 (which are compounds of Formulae 18 and 17, respectively).

Example 31 H
(R1~)2P~._. _. .
P4..9 N
(R1 P4.10 P4.11 (R1 ~)2(~)P~
H
(R1 ~)2( H
P4.12 (R1 As illustrated above, the pyrazole, P4.1, is reacted with.one molar equivalent of a dialkyl trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy phosphonate, P4.9, as described above to give the alkylated pyrazoles, P4.10 and P4.11. Deprotection yields the diols, P4.12 and P4.13 (which are compounds of Formulae 18 and 17 respectively).

Example 32 Br O
Br n H
P4..1 ~ s ~- . " +
P4..1~. N,H I / hi H
H P4.16 P4.15 v Br Br (R~O)2P(O)CH~NH2 P~..18 OH
P(OR~ )3 O
OH O .,~~~~OH
N~~ ~Fi~ Fi (R~ NHCH~P(O)(OR~)2 P4.17 P4.19 As illustrated above, the pyrazole, P4.1, is reacted, as described above, with 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohexane, P4.14 (Salor), to give the pyrazoles, P4.15 and P4.16. The product, P4.15, is subjected to an Arbuzov reaction, in which the bromomethyl substituent is converted into the dialkyl phosphonomethyl substituent, by reaction with a triallcyl phosphite to prepare, after deprotection of the side chain, the phosphonate, P4.17, (which is a compound of Formula 18).
The pyrazole, P4.16, is reacted in dimethylformamide with potassium carbonate and a dialkyl aminomethyl phosphonate, P4.18, (Interchim) to give after deprotection the amino phosphonate, P4.19, which is a compound of Formula 17.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the dibromide, P4.14, different dibromides, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to P4.17 and P4.19 are obtained.

Example 33 Representative compounds of the invention can be prepared as generally described by Westwood et al, J. Med. Clzefn., 1996, 39, 4608-4621, and according to the following general route.
cN P(~)(~R)(~R') (R'O)(RO)(~)P-Link NH Oi~ Lil ~ H GN /
~ ~H s ~ ~ N ~ /
O OH
33.2 33.1 33.3 Coupling of a suitable aniline, 33.1, wherein Xl is hydrogen, halo, trifluoromethyl, (Ct-C3)alkyl, cyano, or (Ct-C3)alkoxy, with acid chloride, 33.2, provides compound, 33.3 (which is a representative compound of Formula 19 or 20).
The synthesis of two suitable anilines that can be employed in the above reaction is outlined below.
P(OEt)3, OEt Br ~ PhCH3 OzN I ~ O~P~OEt ~ N02 w'Br OaN I y O~Br K~C03, DMF
OH SnCl4, EtOH
OEt HZN~O~ ~ .OEt 33.4 3-Nitrophenol is alkylated with E-1,4-dibromobutene and the resulting monobromide is heated with triethylphosphite in a solvent such as toluene (or other Arbuzov reaction conditions to generate the diethyl ester of the desired phosphonic acid, 33.4. (See Engel, R., "Synthesis of Carbon-phosphorus Bonds," CRC press, 1988). Finally, the desired aniline is generated by tin (II)-mediated reduction of the nitrobenzene.

NaNOa SnCla, NZS04 ~ COZMe COzMe EtOH ~ C02Me KI
_ ~ F3C /
F3C FsC I
NOz NHS
Pd oat.
NH2 \ C02H EtO ~Et Biphenyl F3C phosphoryl aide F3C
~ II ~ II LioH, EtoH
EtO~P EtO~ IE
OEt OEt The methyl ester of 3-vitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid is treated with tin (II) chloride to produce the corresponding aniline. The 3-iodobenzoic acid is generated by diazotization and treatment with potassium iodide. A
diethylphosphonate ester is attached via an acetylene linker using palladium catalysis, and after saponification of the benzoate ester, Curtius rearrangement of the acyl azide provides an aniline suitable for incorporation into representative MNA-715 analogs of the invention.
Example 34 Representative compounds of Formulae 21 and 22 can be prepared as generally described by Westwood et al, J. Med. Claen2., 1996, 39, 4608-4621, and according to the following general route.
P(O)(OR)(OR') (R'O)(RO)(O)P-Link NH 1 ~ CI ~ ~ Lil Ic H CN
Iv\ ~ O 34.2 ~\ N \
34.1 ~ 2, NaOEt X2~ ~ / O OH

Coupling of a suitable aniline, 34.1, wherein XZ is hydrogen, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or methyl with acid chloride, 34.2, provides a , representative compound of Formulae 21 and 22. Anilines prepared as described in Example 33 and elsewhere herein can be incorporated into this synthesis.

Example 35 O O O
O I , N NH O
02N ~ H2N O
35.9 ~Bioorg.Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9, 1626) ~5.Z~
reductive acylation amination w ~ ~ O O
NH ~R~ O j NH
R ~ P~X~N I ' N ~ R20-F-X.~N I N O
2 ~ O H O
H
O O
O O i-X-F-ORt O O ~X-P-ORt I ~ N OH H2N OR2 I ~ N~O ~Rz J. Med. Chem., 2003, 46, 3793) O OH ~ O
O
X = 0 to 4 atoms spacer 5-Nitro-isobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 35.1, (commercially available), is converted to 5-amino-2-(2,6-dioxo-piperidin-3-yl)-isoindole-1,3-dione, 35.2, following the procedures reported in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9, 1625.
This amine intermediate is subj ected to a reductive amination with diethyl-phosphonoacetaldehyde (obtained from ozonolysis of diethyl allyphosphonate) in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride to generate the desired amine linlcer analog (J. Ofg. CIZem., 1996, 61, 3849).
Alternatively, the amine is acylated with an activated diethylphosphonoacetic acid to provide the desired amide linker compound, according to a procedure such as those reported in J. Med. Chem., 1982, 25, 960 and J. Med. Clz.ern., 1984, 27, 600. The activated diethylphosphonoacetic acid can be obtained by treatment in a solvent such as dimethylformamide with a coupling reagent such as diethyl cyanophosphonate and a base such as diisopropylethylamine at room temperature. A specific example where X is CHz is illustrated below.

O O O
NH
p -~ I , N--~O
02N ~ O H2N ~ O
35.1 35.2 (Et0)z(~)P-CHz-CHO, (Et0)2(~)P-CH2-COOH, NaBH(OAc)3 (Et0)~P(O)CN, DIEA
O O O O
NH OEt ~ ~ NH
Et~ ~E~ N I i N ~ EtO-P~ N I / N O
H ~ O H O
O
P-OEt O O O O N OEt OH w I , N I , N~O
NHZ-CHZCH2-P(O)(OEt)2 O OH DCC, HOBt, Et3N O
O
35.4 35.3 Alternatively, 2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-pentanedioic acid, 35.4, (commercially available) is treated in a solvent such as acetonitrile with triethylamine, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 4-methoxybenzylamine, and 1,3-dicyclo-hexylcarbodiimide. After the reaction is complete, the solvent is removed and the residue is purified by chromatography to generate the desired analog, 35.3, according to a procedure such as that reported in J. Med. Chena., 2003, 46, 3793.
Example 36 O O H
N N
N 1. R'O-P-Link-X N H
Pr RO
O N
HO ~ N '~/H Base R'O-P-Lmk-O ~ ~~/H
2. Deprotection RO Hp OOH
HO OH
36.1 36.2 Pr = Protecting Group O H O H
N
OTf N Bo 1. Et0-P--~ N
EtO~ H
N
HO N '~/ H NaH, DMF E P ~O ''/ H
H~ OOH 2. TFA ~~ H~ ~H
36~3 36.4 The Boc-protected (1S)-1-(9-deazaguanin-9-yl)-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol, compound, 36.3, is prepared by stirring the (1S)-1-(9-deazaguanin-9-yl)-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol (WO 99/19338 and Evans, G. B. et al., Tetrahedz-ozz, 2000, 56, 3053, also reported in Evans, G. B. et al., J. Med.
Chem.
2003, 46, 3412) with BOC anhydride as described in Greene, T., "Protective groups in organic synthesis," Wiley-Interscience, 1999. Compound, 36.3, is then treated in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dimethylformamide with a base such as sodium hydride. When bubbling ceases, diethyl phosphonomethyl-triflate (prepared according to Tetralzedrozz Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) is added, yielding the desired phosphonate diester, 36.4, after deprotection of the BOC
group using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (which is a compound of Formula 25).
Example 37 l~N / 1. Oxidation '~N I / ~~N I /
Pr 2. Elimination Pr Selenoetherification 0 ' Pr HO~ N ' H N / O RO-P-LinkO~ N
'H ~ 'H
I l \ I RO ~ p-Link-OH R O
HO~ R~~ SePh 37.1 37.3 37.4 O O
N N
~NI / ~ I /
N
1. Oxidative elimination O Pr Deprotection O H
-2. Dihydroxylation RR~P-Link'O~ N ,~~H R~~ -Link O N ,~~H
HO~ OOH
HO OH
37.6 37.7 Protected compound, 37.1, ((11~)-1-(9-deazahypoxanthin-9-yl)-1,2,4-trideoxy-1,4-irnino-D-ezythro-pentitol, as the hydrochloride salt) is prepared as described in Evans, G. B. et al., Tetr~ahedf°orz, 2000, 56, 3053, using di-t-butyl dicarbonate in dichloromethane. Oxidation of the 5'-OH followed by elimination provides glycal, 37.3 (see the procedure of Zemlicka J. et al., J.
Azn.
Chenz. Soc., 1972, 94, 9, 3213). Selenoetherification provides the protected phosphonate, 37.4. (I~im, C. et al., .I. ~rg. Clz.ezn., 1991, 56, 2642).
Oxidative elimination of the phenylselenide (as described in I~im, C. et al., ~ ~f~.
Clzezzz., 1991, 56, 2642) followed by stereoselective dihydroxylation provides the desired diol, 37.6. Finally, the protecting group is removed to provide a compound, 37.7, compound of Formula 26.
Example 38 N N N
LAN I / ~ N I / DMF dineopentyl ~ N I /
Bo PtOz O Bo acetal, DMF Bo HO ~ N '~~H ~ HO N n/H ~N '~/H
HO HO~
37.1 38.1 38.2 O O
N ~ N
1. PhSeCI
2. AgCIOq O N Bo NaIOd O N Bo O E O'P~O~ N 'NH ~ Et0'P~O~ N '~~H
OH -EEOOyP --~ SePh 38.3 38.4 O O
N N
I~ I / HIS
OsO~ O N Bo TFA ~O N H
Et0 ; P O N ---~ Et0 ; P O N
Et0 ~ ~ n1 H Et0 ~ ~ '~~ H
HO~ OOH HO~ OOH
38.5 38.6 (1R)-1-(9-Deazahypoxanthin-9-yl)-1,2,4-trideoxy-1,4-imino-D-erytlzr~o-pentitol, prepared as the HCl salt as described in Evans, G. B. et al., Tets°alzedrozz, 2000, 56, 3053, is first protected and then oxidized with FtOz to provide carboxylic acid, 38.1. Decarboxylative elimination is achieved using dimethylformamide dineopentyl acetal in dimethylformamide at high temperature (Zemlicka J. et al., J. Afn. Chenz. Soc.,1972, 94, 9, 3213).
-1~6-Selenoetherification followed by treatment of the protected glycal with silver perchlorate in the presence of diethyl(hydroxylmethyl)phosphonate (Phillion, D.
et al., Tetf°a7zedr~on Lett.,1986, 27, 1477) provides the phosphonate, 38.3 (Kim, C. et al., .I ~~~-. Claem.., 1991, 56, 2642). ~xidative elimination of the selenide followed by dihydroxylation using osmium tetraoxide provides diol, 3~.5.
Removal of the amine protecting group, according to the procedure of Careens, T., "Protective groups in organic synthesis," Wiley-Interscience, 1999, provides compound 38.6.
Example 39 Synthetic methodologies and intermediate compounds that cambe used to prepare pro-drugs of analogs of thalidomide are described below.
O O O O .link - P(O)(OR)(OR') N NH O I % N~O
(R'O)(RO)(O)P - link link includes 1 or more atoms; 2 or more is preferred O O O
O~ NH
j ~ ~ N-~O

(Bioorg.Med. Chem. Left., 1999, 9, 1625) reductive acylation amination O O O O
NH
OR1 ~ ~ ~~ N NHO R O-FR1X~ ~ o N~O
R O-P-X N~w~ 2 N
2 ~ H O O H O
39.2 39.3 O
' O i-X-P-OR~ O
O 1.H N~O OR2 O O ~-X-P-OR~
O
~ i N--~O ORz 2. reduction of -NO2 to -NH2 NO Br (gioorg.Med. Chem. Left., 1999, 9, 1625) 39.4 X = 0 to 4 atoms spacer 2-Methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester (commercially available) is converted to 3-(5-amino-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yI)-piperidine-2,6-dione, 39.1, following the procedures reported in Biooyg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9, 1625. This amine intermediate is subjected to a reductive amination with diethylphosphonoacetaldehyde (obtained from ozonolysis of diethyl allyphosphonate) in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride to generate the desired amine linker analog, 39.2 (.I.
~sg.
CIZem., 1996, 61, 3849). Alternatively, the amine is acylated with an activated dietlxylphosphonoacetic acid to provide the desired amide linker compound, 39.3, according to a procedure such as those reported in J. Med. Chem., 192, 25, 960 and J. Med. Claefn., 1934, 27, 600. The activated diethylphosphono-acetic acid can be obtained by treatment, in a solvent such as dimethylform-amide, with a coupling reagent such as diethyl cyanophosphonate and a base such as diisopropylethylamine at room temperature.
2-Methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester (commercially available) is treated in a solvent such as carbon tetrachloride with N-boromosuccinimide under light to produce 2-bromomethyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester, 39.4.
The benzylic bromide is treated in a solvent such as dimethylformamide with [2-(3-amino-2,6-dioxo-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-phosphoric acid diethyl ester (for the preparation of this compound, see Example 40, below) in the presence of a base such as triethylamine. The coupled product is then reduced by hydrogenation (Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9, 1625) to afford the desired analog.
Example 40 O O O
w O' _ I % N NH O
O~N ~ ~ HEN
39.2 39.1 (Et0)~(O)P-CH2-CHO, (Et0)~(O)P-CHI-COOH, N~BH(OAc)3 (EtO)2P(O)CN, ~IEA
~ ~ O O
OEt N \ NH pE~N~ NH
Et0-O~ ~~\, N O Et0-P ~~\ ~~N O
H O H

2-Methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester, 39.2 (commercially available), is converted to 3-(S-amino-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yI)-piperidine-2,6-dione, following the procedures reported in Bioorg. Med. Claem.
Lett., 1999, 9, 1625. This amine intermediate is subjected to a reductive amination with diethylphosphonoacetaldehyde (obtained from ozonolysis of diethyl allyph~sphonate) in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride to generate the desired amine linker analog (.I. ~y.
Claena., 1996, 61, 3849). Alternatively, the amine is acylated with an activated diethylphosphonoacetic acid to provide the desired smide liWer compound, according to a procedure such as those reposed in J. Med. Clzef~2., 192, 25, and J. Med. Claem., 194, 27, 600. The activated diethylphosphonoacetic acid can be obtained by treatment in a solvent such as dimethylforxnamide with a coupling reagent such as diethyl cyanophosphonate and a base such as diisopropylethylamine at room temperature.
Example 40A
O
O r P-OEt N OEt O
O O 1.HZN-~O O O ,---~P-OEt OEt 0 40.1 ~ N
I i S I , I ~ N-~O
N02 N02Br 2. H2, 10% Pd/C NN2 39.4 2-Methyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester, 39.2 (commercially available) is treated in a solvent such as carbon tetrachloride with N-boromosuccinimide under light to produce 2-bromomethyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester, 39.4.
This benzylic bromide is treated in a solvent such as dimethylformamide with [2-(3-amino-2,6-dioxo-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester (for the preparation of this compound , see below) in the presence of a base such as triethylamine. The coupled product is then reduced by hydrogenation (Bi~org.
Med. Cheha. Lett., 1999, 9, 1625) to afford the desired analog.
[2-(3-amino-2,6-dioxo-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester, 40.1, is obtained according to a procedure such as that reported in J.
Med.

Chena., 2003, 46, 3793. Accordingly, benzyloxycarbonyl-protected glutaric acid is treated in a solvent such as acetonitrile with triethylamine, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, diethyl 2-aminoethylphosphonate and 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. After the reaction is complete, the solvent is removed and the residue is purified by chromatography to generate the cyclic product, which is subjected to hydrogen in the presence of palladium catalysis to afford the desired intermediate.
Further manipulations can be performed on the phosphonate moiety prior to the final deprotection. These types of transformations are more extensively described herein.
Example 41 ;OEt ;OEt (R1 d1A Dinrolene 41.1 OCOEt O
sOEt HO w~~~~~OCOEt H Me (R~O)2P(O)-link-N \ / F
,N, (R~O)zP(O)-Ilnrc 41.2 41.3 The structures of Diprolene, 41A (German Patent DE 2905674), and the esters, 41.1- 41.3, are shown below, in which the substituent Rl is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl. The compounds, 41.1 - 41.3, incorporate a phosphonate moiety (R10)2P(O) connected to the nucleus by means of a variable linking group, designated as "link" in the attached structures.

Example 42 OCOEt OH O
O
HO O O
""..OCOEt HO .,.,...pH HO .,~~~0 H Me H Me H Me = ~ r F Fi ~ / F I-I ~ / F Fi 42.1 42.2 42.3 OH
HO ..,~ ~~ [HO] ..,.. p~ [HO] ..,.,~
H Me H Me H _ Me '- , ~ F I=~ ~ i ~ F I-I~ ~ ~~ F (-I
(R'O)aP(~)-~/ (R'~)~P(O)-I(n/ (R°O)aP(O)-Vin/
42.4 42.5 42.6 OCOEt OCOEt [HO] ."~~pCOEt HO ..,raOCOEt H Me H _ Me ~~ F hi~ ~ ; ~ .~ F Fi (R~O)2P(O)-fink (R O)ZP(O)-lif~k 42.7 42.8 A protection-deprotection sequence in which the steroid side-chain is protected as a bis-methylenedioxy (BMD) moiety is shown above. The propionate ester groups of compound, 42.1, are hydrolyzed, for example by reaction with two molar equivalents of lithium hydroxide in aqueous dimethoxyethane solution at ambient temperature, to give the diol, 42.2. The product is then reacted with paraformaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,"
by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to yield the BMD derivative, 42.3. The phosphonate moiety is then introduced, using the procedures described below, to produce the phosphonate ester, 42.4. Prior to hydrolysis of the BMD protecting group, the I 1-hydroxyl group is protected.
The protecting group is selected so that it is stable to the conditions required for removal of the BMD group, and so that it is removable without affecting the subsequently introduced 17, 21-diester moiety.
For example, the I 1-hydroxyl group is protected by conversion to the 4-azidobutyrate ester, by reaction with 4-azidobutyryl chloride in pyridine. The 1 I-azidobutyrate group is then removed from the diester, 42.7, by reaction with triphenylphosphine, as described in Bull. Soc. Cherra. Jprz.,19~6, 59, 1296.

Alternatively, the 11-hydroxyl group is protected by conversion to the 2-(tri-methylsilyl)ethyl carbonate, by reaction with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl carbonyl chloride and pyridine. The 2-( trimethylsilyl) carbonate is removed from the diester, 42.7, by reaction with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature9 as described in Ted. ~~tt.9 19131, 22, 969.
Alternatively, the 11-hydroxyl group is protected by conversion to the trichloroacetyl ester, by reaction with trichloroacetyl chloride in dimethylform-amide-pyridine. The trichloroacetyl ester is removed by reaction with ethanolic ammonia at ambient temperature, as described in C~ll. Gzech. G7Zena. a~mmun., 1962, 27, 2567.
The BMD moiety in the protected product, 42.5, is then hydrolyzed, fox example by treatment with 50% aqueous acetic acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to afford the diol, 42.6. The diol compound is then acylated, for example by reaction with propionic acid and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide in dimethylformamide at ambient temperature, or by reaction with propionyl chloride and triethylamine in dichloromethane, to produce the dipropionate, 42.7. Deprotection of the I I-hydroxyl group, as described above, then affords the diester, 42.8.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone group is protected as the diethylamine adduct by reaction with titanium tetrakis(diethylamide), as described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, by T.W. Greene and P.G.M Wuts, ~Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 219.
Example 43 OCOEt \ O
HO .,n p~(R~0~2p(O~_Rz_NHZHO .,..r ~~ HO ""~~~~OCOEt H Me --> H Me----~ H Me i 43.1 ~ -s F Fi F N F Fi o / (R'o)~p(o)-R~- '~ (R'o>zP(o>-R~-42.3 43.2 43.3 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino or iminoxy group and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. Tn this procedure, the BMD-protected derivative, 42.3, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 43.1, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, to afford the imine or iminoxy product, 43.2. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal. ~i~ch., 1973, ~6, 133 and in J: Mass. ~'pectr~oa., 1995, 30, 497. The BMD-protected compound, 43.2, is then converted, as described above, into the diester, 43.3.
a BOCNHOH ~ z (R O)~P(O)-R -CH2Lv ~ (R O)2P(O)-R -CH20NHBOC
43.5 43.4 43.6 (R~O)2P(O)-R~-CH20NHBOC ~ (R~O)2P(O)-R~-CH~ONH2 43.6 43.7 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is shown above. In this procedure, a phosphonate, 43.4, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 43.5 (Aldrich), to produce the ether, 43.6. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine, to give the product, 43.6.
Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 43.7.
Example 44 OEt J
(R~O)ZP(O)CHzONH2 ~~OGOEt Ue 44.1 R~ O.
R~ O, 42.3 44.2 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an iminoxy group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the substrate, 42.3, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 44.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyloxynethyl phosphonate (Tet~°ezlaeclf~~aa ~et~., 196, 27, 14.'7) and ~~C.-hydroxylamine, to afford, after deprotection and side chain acylation, the oxime ether, 44.2.
The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in pyridine solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the oxime ether, 44.1, different oxime ethers, 43.7, the corresponding products, 43.3 are obtained.
Example 45 O ~ OCOEt O
HO .,~~np ~ ~ ONH2 _ HO ,..~~,~OCOEt H Me B~ S H Me~
S ~ / HP(O)(OR~)z O / F H 45.1 O'N ~ F H 45.3 42.3 45.2 CHZ=CHCH~P(O)(OR~)2 45.5 OCOEt CHZP(O)(OR~~2 OCOEt (R10)2(O)P HO O /
_ ~~~~~~~pCOEt O
H Me ~ HO "~~~npCOEt i = =" S" I H Me / F H ~I%
r, F 11 45.4 45.6 Et 45.7 The preparation of phosphonates incorporating an iminoxy group, by means of the reaction between the substrate the substrate, 42.3, and O-2-(5-bromo-2-thienyl)ethoxyhydroxylamine, 45.1, prepared as described above from 2-(5-bromo-2-thienyl)ethyl bromide (.I. Chena. S~c., Pef~hifa Trczfas. Phys.
Orgy.
Chem., 1975, X21), is illustrated above. The resultant oxime ether is converted, by deprotection and side chain acylation, into the compound, 45.2, which is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite, 45.3, to afford the phosphonate, 45.4. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in .l. l~~lecl. Ch.ern.,1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed in aai inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetralcis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
Alternatively, the bromo-substituted product, 45.2, is coupled, in a palladium-catalyzed Heclc reaction, with a dialkyl propenyl phosphonate, 45.5, (Acros) to give the unsaturated phosphonate, 45.6. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," by F. A. Cagey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 503ff and in Acc. them. Res., 1979,12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate.
Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 45.6, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog, 45.7. The reduction of olefinic bonds is described in "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Laroclc, VCH, 1989, p. 6ff. The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen, or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromothienyl reagent, 45.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds 45.4, 45.6 and 45.7 are obtained.

Example 46 PO)OR~ )2 HO ~~,~~n~C~Et H Me F H
N
42.3 ~~~)~~~1)2 46.2 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the substrate, 42.3, which is reacted with a dialkyl 2-aminophenyl phosphonate, 46.1 (Aurora), to give, after deprotection and side chain acylation, the imine product, 46.2.
The reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene;-at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions, to give the product, 46.2.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 2-amino-phenyl phosphonate, 46.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 46.2 are obtained.
Example 47 o~
° o0 00 HO ..,~n0~ HOZCCH20NHz HO ..,~n0~ (R~p)2P(O)(CH2)sNHz H T Me ' H Me 47.1 HO~C~ / F H 47.3 / . '-_ F H~ O' O /
42.3 47.2 O O
O
Ho (R~O)ZP(O)(CHz)3NHCOi Hz / F H H M(R~O)~P(O)(CH2)3NHCOi F
O.N / O.
47.4 47.5 An alternative method for the preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an oximino group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the dienone, 42.3, is reacted with ~-(carboxymethyl)hydroxyl-amine, 47.1 (Interchim), to yield, after deprotection and side chain acylation, the oxime, 47.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with hydroxylamine is described in J. Stef°oid Bioch.,1976, 7, 795. The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The oxime, 47.2,, is then reacted with a dialkyl 3-hydroxyphenyl phosphonate, 47.3 (Epsilon), in a Mitsonobu reaction, to yield the substituted oxime, 47.4. The preparation of aromatic ethers and thioethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in "Comprehensive ~rganic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, ~CH,19~9, p. 44~, and iii "Advanced Organic Chemistry," Part- B, by F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p.
153-4 and in Org. React.,1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the hydroxy or mercapto component are reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in OYg. React., 1992, 42, 335-656. The product, 47.4, is then transformed, by deprotection and acylation, into the diester, 47.5.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the phosphonate, 47.3, different dialkyl hydroxy-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, the products analogous to 47.5 are obtained.

Example 48' OCOEt OCOEt OCOEt O O O
HO ..."",OCOEt HO .,~~nOCOEt HO ",~~~~OCOEt H M~ H Me ~ OHC H Me - F Fi ~-Ar-NHNH2 ~ / F hi O / F H O / 48.3 41A 48.1 48.2 OCOEt O
;OEt HO ."~~~~OCOEt H Me w Ar-N F Fi 48.5 48.6 48.7 The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached to the 1' or 2' position of the pyrazole ring, by means of an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a heteroatom and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, Diprolene, 41A, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 48.1. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example as described in .l. Med. Chem., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in Australian Patent Application 275950409, to afford the 2-formyl product, 48.2.
Optionally, the substrate, 41A, is protected, for example as described in Example 42, above, prior to the formylation reaction, as described in J. An2.
Claer~a. Soc.,1964, 86, 1520. The 2-fonnyl product is then reacted with an aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 48.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is diallcylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 48.4 and 48.5. The ring-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J. Am. Clzem. Soc., 1964, ~6, 1520. The pyrazoles, 48.4-and 48.5 are then transformed, for example by the procedures described in Examples 49-5Q, respectively into the phosphonates, 48.6 and 4.8.7.
~~~n~ple 49 NNNHZ
)Et Br OCOEt _ ~ 1e 49.1 48.2 ;OEt )Et + OCOEt 1e 49.2 49.3 )Et ;OEt OCOEt 1e 49.5 49.4 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phasphonate is attached by means of a phenyl group is illustrated above. In this sequence, the ketoaldehyde, 48.2, is reacted, as described above, with 2-bromophenylhydrazine, 49.1 (Fluka), to give the isomeric pyrazole products, 49.2 and 49.3. The products are then reacted, as described herein, with a dialkyl phosphite HP(O)(ORl)2 and a palladium catalyst, to afford respectively the phosphonates, 49.4 and 49.5.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of 2-bromophenyl hydrazine, different bromoaryl or bromoheteroaryl hydrazines, 43.3, the products, 48.6 and 4~.7 are obtained.
Example 50 49.2 ;O ~OEt 50.2 50.3 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an aromatic or heteroaromatic group and a saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the bromophenyl-substituted pyrazole, 49.2, is coupled in a Heck reaction, as described above, with, for example a dialkyl butenyl phosphonate, 50.1, (Org. Lett., 2001, 3, 217) to give the unsaturated phosphonate product, 50.2. Optionally, the product is reduced, as described above, to give the saturated analog, 50.3. Application of the above procedures to the isomeric bromophenyl pyrazole, 49.3, affords the products isomeric with, 50.2 and 50.3. Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the phosphonate, 50.1, different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, and/or different bromoaryl or heteroaryl pyrazoles, 48.4 or 48.5, the products analogous to 50.2 and 50.3 are obtained.

Example 51 OCOEt HO ,~~~nOOOEt (R~O)~P(~)CH~OTf y I ~ OHO H Me 51.2 I / / F H ."
~H ~OHZP(O)(OR')2 sOH~P(O)(OR')~ ~ /
51." ~'~-3 51.4 '~~.2 OOOEt O
:OEt HO w~~~~~000Et H Me O)ZP(O)CHzS ~ ~ N \ F Fi ~Nr (R1 51.6 The preparation of phosphonates, 51.5 and 51.6, in wluch the phosphonate is attached by means of an aryl or heteroaryl group and an alkoxy chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, 4-Aminothiophenol, 51.1, is reacted in dimethylformamide.solution at ambient temperature with a dialkyl trifluoro-methanesulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate, 51.2 (Tet~alaedroh. Lett., 1986, 27, 1477), and potassium carbonate to give the thioether, 51.3. The product is then converted into the corresponding hydrazine, 51.4, by means of a diazotization reaction in aqueous ethanolic hydrochloric acid, followed by reduction of the diazonium chloride with tin(II) chloride, as described in J. Med. Clzem., 2001, 44, 4031. The hydrazine is then reacted, as described above, with the ketoaldehyde, 48.2, to form the isomeric pyrazoles, 51.5 and 51.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the triflate, 51.2, different dialkylphosphono alkyl bromides or triflates, and/or different aromatic or heteroaromatic mercapto or hydroxyamines, the products analogous to 51.5 and 51.6 are obtained.

Example 52 OH OAc OH
N ~ ~ N / ~ N
NHz NHAc NHNHz 52.9 52.2 52.3 ..,~~~~~pGOEt ~Me F
OCOEt N~%~/
~ ~ 52.4 52.3 + H~ "~,~~~pCOEt a ~HC H Me F hi COEt ~ %
48.2 52.5 52.4 Hp~CHz)2P(O)(OR~)z 52.6 ;OEt 52.5 ~R~p)zp~p)C--CCHzBr 52.8 52.9 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of a pyridyl group a heteroatom and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, 3-amino-5-hydroxypyridine, 52.1, is converted, by reaction with acetic anhydride, into the diacetyl analog, 52.2. The product is then transformed by diazotization and reduction, as described above, into the hydrazine, 52.3. The hydrazine, 52.3, is then reacted with the ketoaldehyde, 48.2, to give the isomeric pyrazoles, 52.4 and 52.5. The 2'-pyridyl product, 52.4, is reacted in a Mitsonobu reaction, as described above, with a dialkyl hydroxyethyl phosphonate, 52.6 (Zh. ~bsclaei. I~lairra.,1973, 43, 2364), to afford the ether, 52.7. Application of this procedure to the isomeric phenol, 52.5, affords the product isomeric to compound, 52.7.

Alternatively, the isomeric phenol, 52.5, is reacted, in dimethyl-formamide solution at about 80°, with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl bromopropynyl phosphonate, 52.8 (Bioofg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1994, 4, 273), and cesium carbonate, to prepare the phosphonate, 52.9. Application of dais procedure to the isomeric phenol, 52.4.9 affords the product isomeric with compound, 52.4. Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the carbinol, 52.6, or the bromide, 52.8, different thiols, alcohols or bromides, and/or different phenols, 48.4 or 48.5, in which ~ is ~H, the corresponding products analog~us to 52.7 and 52.9 are obtained.
Example 53 OCOEt OCOEt O O
HO ~~~~~~~pCOEt HO ~~~~~~~OCOEt OHC H Me NzH4 H Me -F hi Ni I F H (R~O)zP(O)-Rz-CHzBr O .N 53.2 a H 53.1 OCOEt 48.2 O
COEt FiO w~~~~~OCOEt H Me (R10)zP(O)-Rz-CHzN, \ , F
N
(R' O)zP(O)-53.3 53.4 The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a variable carbon linkage is illustrated above.
hi this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 48.2, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the , pyrazole derivative, 53.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-lcetones with hydrazine is described in J. Ana. Chem. Soc, 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The resulting pyrazole is then reacted with a diallcyl bromomethyl phosphonate, 53.2, in which R2 is as defined above, to produce the isomeric 2' and 1' alkylation products, 53.3 and 53.4, respectively. The allcylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in "Heterocyclic Chemistry," by T. L. Gilchrist, Longman, 1992, p. 309.

Example 54 OCOEt OCOEt O O
RIO P O CH Br HO """OCOEt HO ~""~~OCOEt ( )z ( )( z)s H Me H Me 53.1 --~ . . _ 54.'i N~ I / F H + (R~O)zP(~)(CHz)sN,~ s F H
(R~O)zP(O)(CHz)3 54.2 54.3 Scheme 54A
OCOEt OCOEt O O
HO "~~mpCOEt HO ",~'nOCOEt BrCHzC CCHzBr H Me H Me 53.1 54.4 N~ ~ F Fi + BrCHzC CCH~N, ~ / F Fi ~ni / N
54.5 54.6 ~P(OR~)3 I P(OR~)3 OCOEt O
~OEt HO "~~'~~OCOEt H Me )zP(O)CHzC CCH~N ~ / F Fi N
(R~O)z ... 54.8 Pyrazole, 53.1, is reacted, in dimethylfonnamide solution at ca.
90°, with a dialkyl bromopropyl phosphonate, 54.1 (Aldrich), and a base such as dimethylaminopyridine or lithium hexamethyldisilazide, to yield the isomeric alkylation products, 54.2 and 54.3.
As shown in Scheme 54A, the pyrazole, 53.1, is reacted in dimethyl-formamide solution at ambient temperature with one molar equivalent of 1,4-dibromobut-2-yne, 54.4 (Narchem),and potassium carbonate, to afford the alkylation products, 54.5 and 54.6. The products are then heated at 120° with a trialkyl phosphite in an Arbuzov reaction, to yield the phosphonates, 54.7 and 54.8. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Ha~zdb. Organ.oplaosplZOrus CIzenZ., 1992, 115-72. Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the dibromide, 54.4, different allcyl, alkenyl or alkynyl dibromides, the products analogous to 54.7 and 54.8 are obtained.
Example 55 The structures of Aclometasone dipropionate, 551A (J. Med. Claem., 1980, 23, 430; U.S. Patent No. 4,124,707), and the esters, 55A - 55C, are shown below, in which the substituent Rt is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl. The compounds, SSA - SSC, incorporate a phosphonate moiety (Rl0)ZP(O) connected to the nucleus by means of a variable linking group, designated as "link" in the attached structures.
OCOEt O
HO .,~~~~~OCOEt °OEt H .~nMe ~~~~~H
O / ''CI (Ft~

Aclometasone Dipropionate Et OCOEt O
~COEt HO ~~~nOCOEt a H ~~~~Me (R~O)~P(O)-link-N \ Fi FiV
~N~ ~ .~''C1 (R~O)zP(O

Scheme SSA
OCOEt OH O

O O
HO ..,~i~nOCOEt HO ",....OH HO ..~~n0~
H .~nMe H ~.,nMe H .~nMe Fi Fi / Fi Fi / Fi hi O ~ ~~''CI O ~ ~~''CI O ~ ~~''CI
55/A 55.1 55.2 H
1e (R~O)zP(O)-lin ~)2 55.4 (R10)2 55.3 55.5 OCOEt OCOEt O O
[HO] .~,~~~pCOEt HO ..~~~~OCOEt H w~~Me H w~~Me ~/\~\~Fi ~' f-1 Fiv (R~O)zP(O)-link/ / ~''CI (R~O)ZP(O)_link~ / ~''CI
55.6 55.7 The steroid side-chain is protected as a bis-methylenedioxy (BMD) moiety, as illustrated in Scheme 551. In this sequence, the propionate esters are hydrolyzed, for example by reaction with two molar equivalents of lithium hydroxide in aqueous dimethoxyethane solution at ambient temperature, to give the diol, 55.1. The product is then reacted with paraformaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, second Edition 1990, p.
223, to yield the B1V~ derivative, 55.2. The phosphonate moiety is t11e11 introduced, using the procedures described below, to produce the phosphonate ester, 55.x. Prior to hydrolysis of the BMD protecting group, the 11-hydroxyl group is protected. The protecting group is selected so that it is stable to the conditions required for removal of the BMD group, and so that it is removable without affecting the subsequently introduced 17, 21-diester moiety. For example, the 11-hydroxyl group is protected by conversion to the 4-azido-butyrate ester, by reaction with 4-azidobutyryl chloride in pyridine. The 11-azidobutyrate group is then removed from the diester, 55.6, by reaction with triphenylphosphine, as described in Bull. Soc. Chem. Jpn., 1986, 59, 1296.
Alternatively, the 11-hydroxyl group is protected by conversion to the 2-(tri-methylsilyl)ethyl carbonate, by reaction with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl carbonyl d chloride and pyridine. The 2-(trimethylsilyl) carbonate is removed from the diester, 55.6, by reaction with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature, as described in Tet. Lett., 1981, 22, 969.
Alternatively, the 11-hydroxyl group is protected by conversion to the trichloroacetyl ester, by reaction with trichloroacetyl chloride in dimethyl-formamidepyridine. The trichloroacetyl ester is removed by reaction with ethanolic ammonia at ambient temperature, as described in Coll. Czech. Chem.
ConZmura., 1962, 27, 2567. The BMD moiety in the protected product, 55.4, is then hydrolyzed, for example by treatment with 50% aqueous acetic acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to afford the diol, 55.5. The diol, 55.5, is acylated, for example by reaction with propionic acid and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide in dimethylformamide at ambient temperature, or by reaction with propionyl chloride and triethylamine in dichloromethane, to produce the dipropionate, 55.6. Deprotection of the 11-hydroxyl group, as described above, then affords the diester, 55.7.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone group is protected as the diethylamine adduct by reaction with titanium tetrakis(diethylamide), as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 219.
~,xaxnple 56 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~C~Et H~ ...~np~ ~ ~ H~ ..,~np~ H~ .,~~~~~pCOEt I-I .,nMe (R ~)zP(O)-R -NHS H .,n[Vle I-I .
/ hi H
/ Fi Fi ~ / Fi Fi O ~~~~C~ (R~O)2P(O)-RZ-N ~ ~~~'CI (R~O)2P(O)-R2-N / ~~''GI
55'2 56.2 56.3 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino or iminoxy group and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the BMD-protected derivative, 55.2, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 56.1, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, to afford the imine or iminoxy product, 56.2. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst to give the imine or oxime. The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal.
Biocl2.,1978, 86, 133 and in J. Mass. Specty-om., 1995, 30, 497. The BMD-protected side-chain compound, 56.2, is then converted into the diester, 56.3.
Example 56A
(R~O)~P(O)-R~-CH~Lv BOC~ (R~O)ZP(O)-R2-CH20NHBOC ~ (R~O)ZP(O)-R2-CHZONHa 56.4 56.5 56.6 56.7 Also illustrated is the preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group. A phosphonate, 56.4, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 56.5 (Aldrich), to produce the ether, 56.6. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethyl-formamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine, to give the product, 56.6. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 56.7.
Example 56B
(R~O)ZP(O)CHZ~iVH~ H~ .,.....~C~Et H .,nMe _ H .~~~Me ' - 56.1 ' ' H Fiv R~ ~.O / H H
~~''CI R1~~~~~~N / .~~'CI
55.2 56.2 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an iminoxy group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the substrate, 55.2, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 56.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyloxymethyl phos-phonate (Tetrahedron Lett.,1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford, after deprotection and side chain acylation, the oxime ether, 56.2. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in pyridine solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the oxime ether, 56.1, different oxime ethers, 56.7, the corresponding products, 56.2 are obtained.
Example 57 O ~ OCOEt O\
Br ONHz O
HO ..,~np~ I ~ ~ Br HO ,~,~~nOCOEt H .~~iMe I H ~.,~~Me ~ o H H 57.1 H H
O ~ ~~'~CI O~N ~ ~~''CI
55.2 57.2 OCOEt ~~OR~ O
57.2 ~ I ~ b~OR,~ HO ",~~nOCOEt H ~~~~Me HP(O)(OR~)z 57.3 Fi Fi O~N ~ ~~''CI
57.4.
The preparation of phosphonates incorporating an iminoxy group, by means of the reaction between the substrate, 55.2, and O-2-(3-bromophenyl)-ethylhydroxylamine, 57.1, prepared as described above from compound, 55.1, and 2-(3-bromophenyl)ethyl bromide, respectively. The resultant oxime ether is converted, by deprotection and side chain acylation, into the compound, 57.2, which is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphate, 57.3, to afford the phosphonate, 57.4. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphates is described in.I. Nled. Cla~~ra., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amowt of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladimn(0).
OCOEt b~OR~ OCOEt O CHz=CHP(O)(~R~)z ~OR~ O
Br HO ~~~mOCOEt ' ~ ~ HO ~~~~nOCOEt H l.~~iMe I H ".,dime o a . . ~
0.N / H ~~,,CI 57.5 O~N ~ H. ~''CI
57.2 57.6 ~~OR~ OCOEt ORS O
HO .,~~~nOCOEt H ,,~~~Me hi f-1 O~N ~ ~~~~CI
57.7 Alternatively, the bromo-substituted product, 57.2, is coupled, in a palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction, with a dialkyl vinyl phosphonate, 57.5 (Aldrich), to give the unsaturated phosphonate, 57.6. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," by F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 503ff and in Acc. Clzena. Res.,1979,12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0) or a palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 57.6, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog, 57.7. The reduction of olefmic bonds is described in "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 6ff. The transfonnation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromophenyl reagent, 57.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 57.4, 57.6 and 57.7 are obtained.
Example 58 O O P(~)(OR~)z OCOEt O ~ O
HO .."n0~ I / P O ORS HO .'~"nOCOEt H , iM ~ Hz ( )( )2 H .'nMe i = = 58.1 ~ ~ ~ H H
O ~ H 'rCl \ n1 ~ ~~"CI
55.2 58.2 O O OCOEt ~ OH OCOEt O ~ I / O
HO .."'ip HO ~"'nOCOEt HO .."""OCOEt H .'nMe H .1.'nMe P(O)(OR1)z H ."~Me i . . NHzOH i = = 58.4 i Fi hi _ Fi H hi Fi i '~.
O ~ ~~''CI HON / ~~"CI I ~ N 'CI
58.5 55.2 58.3 P(O)(OR~)z The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the substrate, 55.2, is reacted with a dialkyl 3-aminophenyl phosphonate, 58.1 (.I. Med.
Chena., 1984, ~ 7, 654), to give, after deprotection and side chain acylation, the imine product, 58.2. The reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions, to give the product, 58.2.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 3-aminophenyl phosphonate, 58.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 58.2 are obtained.
An alternative method for the preparation of phosphonates, 58.3, where the phosphonate is attached by means of an oximino group starts with the dienone, 55.2, is illustrated above. .The dienone is reacted with hydroxylamine to yield, after deprotection and side chain acylation, the oxime, 58.3. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with hydroxylamine is described in.I.
~'ter~id Bioch., 1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The oxime is then reacted with a dialkyl 3-hydroxyphenyl phosphonate, 58.4 (Epsilon), in a 1\ilitsonobu reaction, to yield the substituted oxime, 58.5. The preparation of aromatic ethers and thioethers by means of the Teilitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in "Comprehensive ~rganic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 448, and in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," Part B, by F.A.
Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 153-4 and in Org. React., 1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the hydroxy or mercapto component are reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in Or~g. React., 1992, 42, 335-656.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the phosphonate, 58.4, different dialkyl hydroxy-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, the products analogous to 58.5 are obtained.

Example 59 OCOEt OCOEt OCOEt O O O
HO .,~~nOCOEt HO .",~~nOCOEt HO ",~~npCOEt H .,uMe H ,nM~~ OHC H .~nNl2 _ _ Fi hi Fi hi Fi Fi ~-Ar-NHNHZ
O / ''CI O / ~''CI O / ~''C1 59.~
59A 59.1 59.2 OCOEt O
;OEt HO ~~~~~~~OCOEt H .~nMe Ar-N ~_ H H
X N / ~~''CI
~ 59.4 ~ 59.5 ~OCOEt oOCOEt ~~~~~~OCOEt HU~ ~~~~~~~OCOEt ~~~Me ,~~~nMe hi ~ Fi + Ar-N ~ ~ Fi ~ Fi P(O)(OR')z 59.6 59.7 The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached to the 1' or 2' position of the pyrazole ring, by means of an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a heteroatom and a variable carbon chain is shown above. In this procedure, Aclometasone dipropionate, ,59A, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 59.1. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (n chloride, for example as described in J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in Australian Patent Application 275950409, to afford the 2-fonnyl product, 59.2. Optionally, the substrate, 59A, is protected, for example, as described above in Example 55, prior to the formylation reaction, as described in J. Am. Claem. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520. The formyl product is then reacted with an aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 59.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like.
The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 59.4 and 59.5. The ring-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520. The pyrazoles, 59.4 and 59.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described in Examples 60 - 65, respectively into the phosphonates, 59.6 and 5°x.7.
Example 60 OOOEt ~~NHZ OOOEt OOOEt 60.1 0 O
HO """'000 I / HO ""'nOCOEt HO """p00Et Fi ..'nMe Br H .'nMe H ."iMe Fi Fi N N ~ H ,, H + ~ ~ N~N / Fi hl CI ~ 01 Br CI
\ ~ 60.2 60.3 59.2 Br ~COEt ~n ~OEt ~U """OCOEt H ~~~~Me ~ N, , , 60.5 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of a phenyl group is illustrated above. In this sequence, the ketoaldehyde, 59.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3-bromophenylhydrazine, 60.1 (Fluka), to give the isomeric pyrazole products, 60.2 and 60.3. The products are then reacted, as described above, with a dialkyl phosphite HP(O)(ORl)2 and a palladium catalyst, to afford respectively the phosphonates, 60.4 and 60.5.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of 3-bromophenyl hydrazine, different bromoaryl or bromoheteroaryl hydrazines, 59.3, the corresponding products, 59.6 and 59.7 are obtained.

Example 60A
OCOEt V VUti O O
HO ,.,....~GOEt H~ ,.,~~~~~COEt H~ "~~nOCOEt H ~.,u[Vlg H .~uM2 H .,nMe N~ I / Fi Fi MHz=BHP(~)(~R~)zN~
N ~'~I ' N ' CI ~ CI
60.6 /
Br V CH=CHP(~)(~R~)~ (CHz)zP(~)(~R1)z 60.2 60.7 60.8 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an aromatic or heteroaromatic group and a saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the bromophenyl-substituted pyrazole, 60.2, is coupled in a Heck reaction, as described above, with, for example a dialkyl vinyl phosphonate, 60.6 (Aldrich), to give the unsaturated phosphonate product, 60.7. Optionally, the product is reduced, as described above, to give the saturated analog, 60.8. Application of the above procedures to the isomeric bromophenyl pyrazole, 60.3, affords the products isomeric with, 60.7 and 60.8.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the phosphonate, 60.6, different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, and/or different bromoaryl or heteroaryl pyrazoles, 59.4 or 59.5 (X = Br), the products analogous to 60.7 and 60.8 are obtained.

Example 61 OCOEt NHz NHz NHNHz O
HO ."~~~~OCOEt y (R~O)2P(O)CHzOTf W I ~ OHC H ,.,nMe 69.2 H Fi OH OCH2P(O)(OR~)z OCHzP(O)(OR~)z ~ / ~''CI
a~ ~ G1_3 Et G1.4 59.2 OCOEt O
JCOEt HO ",~nOCOEt ,. H w~~Me R~O)zP(O)CH20 ~ ~ N \_ Fi Fi ~'~ / ~~''CI
61.6 (R
The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an aryl or heteroaryl group and an alkoxy chain is illustrated above.
In this procedure, 4-aminophenol, 61.1, is reacted in dimethylformamide solution at ambient temperature with a dialkyl trifluoromethanesulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate, 61.2 (Tets-ahed~on Lett., 1986, 27, 1477), and potassium carbonate to give the ether, 61.3. The product is then converted into the corresponding hydrazine, 61.4, by means of a diazotization reaction in aqueous ethanolic hydrochloric acid, followed by reduction of the diazonium chloride with tin(II) chloride, as described in J. Med. Clzef~a., 2001, 44, 4031. The hydrazine is then reacted, as described above, with the ketoaldehyde, 59.2, to form the isomeric pyrazoles, 61.5 and 61.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the triflate, 61.2, different dialkylphosphono alkyl bromides or triflates, and/or different aromatic or heteroaromatic hydroxyamines, the products analogous to 61.5 and 61.6 are obtained.
Example 62 OH OAc OH
N / N / ~ N~NHNH
NH2 NHAc 2 62.~ X2.2 6~.3 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of a pyridyl group, a heteroatom, and a variable carbon chain is shown herein. W this procedure, 3-amino-5-hydroxypyridine, 62.1, is converted, by reaction with acetic anhydride, into the diacetyl analog, 62.2. The product is then transformed by diazotization and reduction, as described above, into the hydrazine, 62.3.
59.2 >OEt OCOEt ~, OCOEt O O
HO ~~,~~nOCOEt HO .",~~uOCOEt H ~~~~Me H ~~~~Me N \
N ~ ~ hi H + ~ ~ N H Fi ~N ~ ~~''CI 'N~ ~ ~~''CI
HO 62.5 N \ l 62.4 OH
HS(CHZ)zP(O)(OR~ )2 (R~ O)ZP(O)(CH~CH=CHCH~Br 62.6 62.8 ~OCOEt ~ ~O
~~~~~OCOEt ;OEt H ~ ) ~~Me Fi ~ Fi +
(R~O)~P(O)(CH~CH
P(O)(OR~ )2 62.7 62.9 The hydrazine, 62.3, is then reacted with the ketoaldehyde, 59.2, to give the isomeric pyrazoles, 62.4 and 62.5. The 2'-pyridyl product, 62.4, is reacted in a Mitsonobu reaction, as described above, with a dialkyl mercaptoethyl phosphonate, 62.6 (Zlz. Obschei. Klzir~z.,1973, 43, 2364), to afford the thioether, 62.7. Application of this procedure to the isomeric phenol, 62.5, affords the product isomeric to, 62.7.
Alternatively, the isomeric phenol, 62.5, is reacted, in dimethyl-formamide solution at ca. 80°, with one molar equivalent of a diallcyl bromo-butenyl phosphonate, 62.8 (J. Med. Chem.,1992, 35, 1371), and cesium carbonate, to prepare the phosphonate, 62.9. Application of this procedure to the isomeric phenol, 62.4, affords the product isomeric with, 62.9.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the thiol, 62.6, or the bromide, 62.x, different thiols, alcohols or bromides, and/or different phenols, 59.4 or 59.5, in which X is ~H, the corresponding products analogous to 62.7 and 62.9 are obtained.
Example 63 OCOEt OCOEt O O
HO ~~~~~~nOCOEt N2H4 HO .~~~~~npCOEt H w~~Me ~ H w~~Me OHC . . . . (R~O)zp(p)_R~_CHZBr Fi Fi N ~ ~ Fi hi 63.2 O ~ ~~''CI H ~ ~~''CI
63.1 OCOEt O
vOEt NO ~~~~~~OCOEt H ~~~Me (R~O)2P(O)-R2-CHzN \ Fi Fi ~~''CI
(R' 63.3 63.4 The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a variable carbon linkage is illustrated above.
In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 59.2, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the pyrazole derivative, 63.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Am. Chen~. S~c, 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The resulting pyrazole is then reacted with a dialkyl bromomethyl phosphonate, 63.2, in which R2 is as defined above, to produce the isomeric 2' and 1' alkylation products, 63.3 and 63.4, respectively. The alkylation of substituted,pyrazoles is described, for example, in "Heterocyclic Chemistry," by T. L. Gilchrist, Longman, 1992, p. 309.

Example 64 OCOEt OCOEt O O
(R~O)zP(O)(CHz)aBr HO H ~.~,~~'IvIeCOEt HO H y,~l~'~OCOEt 63.1 --~ = =
64.1 ~ ~ I / F-I ,, fi + (R~O)zP(O)(Chlz)a ~,~ / H ,, hi ' CI CI
(R~O)zF(O)(CFiz)s 64.2 64.3 The pyrazole, 63.1, is reacted, in dimethylformamide solution at ca.
90°, with a dialkyl bromopropyl phosphonate, 64.1 (Aldrich), and a base such as dimethylaminopyridine or lithium hexamethyldisilazide, to yield the isomeric alkylation products, 64.2 and 64.3.
Example 65 Pyrazole, 63.1, is reacted, as described above, with a dialkyl 4-bromomethyl benzyl phosphonate, 65.1 (Tet.,1998, 54, 9341), to give the products, 65.2 and 65.3.
P(O)(OR~)z O
Br / HO .."~~nOC~ ;OEt H w~~Me 63.1 65.1 m ~ I a a (Rt Example 66 (R~
65.2 .......
The structures of Hydrocortisone, 66A (U.S. Patent No. 2,602,769) and the phosphonate esters are shown below, in which the substituent Rl is H, allcyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl. These compounds incorporate a phosphonate moiety (R10)ZP(O) connected to the nucleus by means of a variable linlcing group, designated as "link" in the attached structures. A general protection-deprotection sequence in which the steroid side-chain is protected as a bis-methylenedioxy (BMI~) moiety is shown below.

OH O'~ O~
00 00\
HO
.,....OH HO ..,~~~0~ HO
H H H
--, hi hi / Fi Fi hi Fi O ~ (R~O)zP(O)-link 66~ 6e~.1 56.2 (p (~6.~
Hydrocortisone, 66A, is reacted with paraformaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p.
223, to yield the BMD derivative, 66.1. The phosphonate moiety is then introduced, using the procedures described below, to produce the phosphonate ester, 66.2. The BMD moiety is thexi hydrolyzed, for example by treatment with 50% aqueous acetic acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p.
223, to afford the triol, 66.3 Example 66A
O'1 O-1 OH
HO ,..np, X_R~_NH~ HO ",. p~ HO ,~~~OH
H ~ H H
66.4 hi hi ~ Fi hi o ° x_R~_nl ~ (R'o)aP(p)-RZ-66.1 66.5 66.6 The BMD-protected derivative, 66.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 66.4, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or arallcyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom ~, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. F~r example, X is diallcylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime, 66.5.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in AfZCZI.
~ioch., 197, ~6, 133 and in .I. ll~ass. S,~aecti°~~az., 199, 30, 4.97. In cases in which ~ is not dialkylphosphono, the substituent X is converted, using the methods described below; into a phosphonate-containing substituent; the BMD-protected side-chain is then removed to afford the triol, 66.6.
Example 66B
(R~O)~P(O)-R2-CH~Lv BOCNHOH (R~O)ZP(O)-RZ-CHZONHBOC (R~O)~P(O)-RZ-CHZONHz 66.8 66.9 66.10 66.7 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated above. In this procedure, a phosphonate, 66.7, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 66.~ (Aldrich), to produce the ether, 66.9. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 66.10.
Example 67 p~ O~ ~ OH

O
HO ..~~n0~(R~O)ZP(O)CH20NH2 HO ..~~n0~ HO ,~~~nOH
H 67.1 H H
Fi hi H Fiv RiO.~ O ~ / hi Fiv p ~ (R~O)ZP(O)CH~ON ~ R~O~ ~ ~N
66.1 67.2 67.3 The substrate, 66.1, is reacted with a diallcyl phosphonomethyl hydroxyl-amine, 67.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyl-oxymethyl phosphonate (Tetf-ahedf°on Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 67.2, which is deprotected to afford the triol, 67.3. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants. Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine ether, 67.1, different oxime ethers, 66.10, the corresponding products, 66.6 are obtained.
example 68 O O Br O, NHz OH
HO .,~~i~
H
68.1 hi H
O
66.1 b~s,~ vn o HO "....pH
HP(O)(OR~)z H
68.2 ="
68.3 ' O'N , H Fi 68.4 P(O)(OR~)z The preparation of compounds in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a phenyl ethoxy group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the enone, 66.1, is reacted, as described above, with O-(3-bromo-phenyl)ethyl hydroxylamine, 68.1, prepared as described above from 2-(3-bromophenyl)ethyl bromide (French Patent FR 1,481,052), to give, after deprotection of the side-chain, the oxime, 68.2. The product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite, 68.3, to afford the phosphonate, 68.4. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and diallcyl phosphites is described in J. Med.
Clnefyi.,1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).

OH OH
GHQ=CHP(O)(OF2~)2 ~~.5 O.
~~.~ ~ = ~!-9=CH
6~.7 if = (CH2)z Alternatively, the bromo compound, 68.2, is coupled with a dialkyl vinylphosphonate, 68.5 (Aldrich), to afford the phosphonate, 68.6. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," by F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 503ff and in Acc. Chefn. Res., 1979, 12, 146.
The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylfonnamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladiunn(0) catalyst such as tetralcis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product 68.6 is reduced, for exannple by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog, 68.7. The reduction of olefinic bonds is described in "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p.
6ff. The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromophenyl ethoxy reagent, 68.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 68.4, 68.6 and 68.7 are obtained.

Example 68A

Example 69 O-~ O~ P(O)(OR~ )z HO .,.. p~ N HO .... p~ ' ~ ~
HZ
H H~N(CHz)20NH2 ~ _ H

O / F Fi 6~ ~~~ r F H 69.3 66.1 69.2 OH
O ~ O
O
NH HO H ."n0 ' I ~ NH HO H ,~~~~pl (R ~)2(~)P ' - (R ~)2(~)P
F Fi O\N / F' H
69.4. 69.5 The enone, 66.1, is reacted with O-(2-aminoethyl)hydroxylamine, 69.1, (Pol. .I. CIZem., 1981, 55, 1163) to yield the oxime, 69.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with substituted hydroxylamines is described in J.
Stet°oid Biocla., 1976, 7, 795. The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The oxime is then coupled with a dialkyl 4-carboxyphenyl phosphonate, 69.3 (Epsilon), to yield the amide oxime, 69.4. The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in Organic Functional Group Preparations, by S.R.Sandler and W. Karo, Academic Press, 1968, p. 274, and Comprehensive Organic Transformations, by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 972ff. The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-erotic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid (e.g., dialkyl 4-carboxyphenyl phosphonate, 69.3) is first converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like, and then reacted with the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide. The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride is effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid with a reagent such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide. Tlae amide product, 69.4, is then converted, as described herein, into the triol, 69.5.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine, 69.1, different amino-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different carboxy-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 69.5 are obtained.
Example 70 o~
Ho .",~o~ Ho H OHC ' H X-Rz-NHN
Fi Fi Fi 11 V 70.2 o s 66.1 70.1 O'~ U' ~ ~ U' ~
HO ..,.. ~~ ~ HO ..~~~ ~~ HO
+ H H H
Rz-N \ Fi Fi Rz-N \ Fi Fi N ~ ~ Fi hi X ~N ~ (R~O)z(O)P ~N ~ ~N

70.4 70.6 R~P(O)(OR~)z 70.5 OH OH
O O
HO ..~~nOH HO .,~nOH
H H
Rz-N \ H H N ~ ~ hi hi (R~O)z(O)P ~N ~ ~N
.z 70.8 R~P(O)(OR~)z 70.7 The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached to the 1' or 2' position of the pyrazole ring, by means of a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the BMD-protected enone, 66.1, is reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in .l. Am.
Chena. Soc., 1964, ~6, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 70.1. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 70.2, wherein R2 is alkyl, arallcyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, and in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is diallcylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 70.3 and 70.4. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in.I. Am. Clzena. 8'~c.,1964, 86, 152Q. The pyrazoles, 70.3 and 70.4, are then transformed, for example, using procedures described herein, via the B1VID-protected intermediates, 70.5 and 70.6, into the phosphonates, 70.7 and 70.8.
Example 71 o~
NHNH~
HO
MeO2C H
C02M ~ ~
70.1 _ '~' N~N~ / H Fi 71.1 71.3 O
O~ ~ O~ HO .~~n0~
00 00\ HOC H
HO ..~~~~0~ HO .,~~~0~ ~ ~
_ 1 N _ 1 H N,N / Fi Fi 71.8 ~HZNCH~P(O)(OR~)'N I i H H P(O)(OR~)2 71.4 71.5 \ ~ ~ ~ 71.9 NHz i CONHCH~P(O)(OR~)z 71.6 P(O)(OR~)Z O OH
O OH HN ~ ~ HO ..,~nOH
HO .....OH O H
H ~ ~ N ~_ H hiv N ~ I hl Fi N
71.10 HCHZP(O)(OR~)Z
71.7 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate moiety is attached by means of a phenyl ring and an amide linkage is illustrated above.
In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 70.1, is reacted, with 3-carbomethoxyphenyl-hydrazine, 71.1 (Apin), to give the pyrazoles, 71.2 and 71.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 71.2, is then reacted with one molar equivalent of lithium hydroxide in aqueous dimethoxyethane, to produce the carboxylic acid, 71.4. The acid is then coupled, as described above, with a dialkyl aminomethyl phosphonate, 71.5, (Interchim) to give the amide, 71.6, deprotection then affords the triol, 71.7.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, 71.3, is hydrolyzed, as described above, to the carboxylic acid, 71.x. The product is then coupled with a dialkyl 3-aminophenyl phosphonate, 71.9 (.~ 1l~2~ed. G'~aetaz., 1984, 27, 654), to yield after deprotection the triol amide, 71.10.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the carbo-methoxyphenyl hydrazine, 71.1, different carbomethoxy-substituted aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 71.7 and 71.10 are obtained.
Example 72 70.1 NHNHz C
Br ~ 00 l 72.1 HO ."",O~ HO
H H
Br ~ ~ N ~ - Fi + N~ I Fi Fi' ,N r ,N i 72.2 72.3 CH2=CH(CH2)~P(O)(OR~)2 ~ / O
72.4 Br HO .,~~~0 H
(R~O)ZP(O)(CHZ)2CH=C ~ ~ N ~ , Fi Fiv ~N
72.5 off O
HO e~OH
(Rt R~O)ZP(O)-X ~ ~ N ~ / hi Fi ~N
72.6 X = (CH2)ZCH=CH
72.7 X = (CHZ)a The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a variable carbon linlcage is illustrated above.
In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 70.1, is reacted, as described above, with 4-bromophenyl hydrazine, 72.1 (,I. ~~ganomet. Clzem., 1999, 6~, 581), to produce the pyrazoles, 72.2 and 73.3. The 1'-substituted isomer, 72.2, is coupled, as described herein, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl butenyl phosphonate, 72.4 (Ofg. Lett., 2001, 3, 217), to give the phosphonate, 72.5.
The product is then deprotected to afford the triol, 72.6. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 72.6, is reduced, as described above, to produce the saturated analog, 72.7.
Alternatively, the 2'-substituted pyrazole, 72.3, is coupled, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite to prepare the phosphonate, 72.x, which is deprotected to give the triol, 72.9. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. lVleel. Cheraa., 1992, 35, 1371. This reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as tolueye, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0).
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromophenyl hydrazine, 72.1, different bromo-substituted aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl allcoxy hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 72.6, 72.7 and 72.9 are obtained.
Example 73 o-~
NHZNH2 HO ..,.. p~ X_Rz_GHzBr HO ..". p~ HO
70.1 H H H
73.2 +
N ~ ~ hi Fi ~N ~ ~ H Fi N ~ ~ H Fi ~N ~ R2 ~N ~ ~N
H 73.1 X H ~~~ ~ ~_~ ~ 73.4 ~
ie H~~%~ N ~% ~
P(O)(OR~)~ CR pR~ 73.6 73.5 OH ~-P~ ~ OH
O OR O
HO ...~~~OH HO .."~~pH
H H
Rz N N ~ s Fi Fi N N ~ / Fi Fi H
P(O)(~R' )z ~R~
73.7 ,~~." ,~.,~ 73.8 The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a variable carbon linkage is illustrated above.
In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 70.1, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the - 227 - , pyrazole derivative, 73.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. AnZ. Chefn. Soc, 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in ethanol at reflux temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compolmd, 73.2, in which 1~2 and X are as defined above, to yield the alkylation products, 73.3 and 73.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in "Heterocyclic Chemistry," by T. L.
Gilchrist, Longman, 1992, p. 309.
The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like. The products, 73.3 and 73.4, are converted into the phosphonates, 73.5 and 73.6, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, using the procedures described herein. Deprotection affords the triols, 73.7 and 73.8.
Example 74 Pi Br I i 73.1 74.1 ~R~~)2 , t~
I4.L
H
~Rt iR~
74.4 74.5 The pyrazole, 73.1, is reacted, as described above, with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 4-(bromomethyl)phenyl phosphonate, 74.1 (W~
2003/042150), to give the alkylated pyrazoles, 74.2 and 74.3. Deprotection then yields the triols, 74.4 and 74.5.

Example 75 Br / ~ Br H~ ..
S H
7~.~ v N~ I / H Hv +
75.9 _ ~N
H
S
75.2 Br~
~(~f~~~3 ~.~ P(~R1~3 off H
The pyrazole, 73.1, is reacted, as described above, with 2,5-bis(bromo-H
methyl)thiophene, 75.1 (Tet., 1999, 55, 4709), to give the pyrazoles, 75.2 and 75.3. The products are subj ected to an Arbuzov reaction, in which the bromomethyl substituent is converted into the diallcyl phosphonomethyl substituent, by reaction with a trialkyl phosphite at 120°, to prepare, after deprotection of the side chain, the phosphonates, 75.4 and 75.5. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Haradb. Of garaophosplaof°us Clzem., 1992, 115-72. In the procedure, the substrate is heated at from 60° to about 160°
with a five to fifty-fold molar excess of the trialkyl phosphite.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the dibromide, 75.1, different dibromides, the products analogous to 75.4 and 75.5 are obtained.
Example 76 Dexamethasone, 76A, (U.S. Patent No. 3,007,923) analogs where the substituent Rl is H, alkyl, allcenyl, aryl or arallcyl are prepared by the procedures below. The compounds 76.1- 76.3 incorporate a phosphonate moiety (I~1~)2P(O) connected to the nucleus by means of a variable linking group, designated as "link" in the attached structures.

Scheme M1 OH O~ O~
O
HO ,.....OH HO ."..~p~ HO .,.. ~J
H .,nMe Fi~.~nMe H .,nMe / F Fi i ~/ F Fi O ~ (R~O)zP(O)-link~
76A pH 76.1 76.2 O
HO~~,~~OH
H ~~~~Me Cr F
(F2~0)zP(O)-link 76.3 Dexamethasone, 76A, is reacted with paraformaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p.
223, to yield the BMD derivative, 76.1. The phosphonate moiety is then introduced, using the procedures described below, to produce the phosphonate ester, 76.2. The BMD moiety is then hydrolyzed, for example by treatment with 50% aqueous acetic acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p.
223, to afford the triol, 76.3.
Example 77 o-v p~ off Ho p X_Rz_NHz HO ,... p~ HO ",~~~~OH
H .,nMe ->_ H .~nMe H .,nMe F Fi 77.1 / F H ~ / F hi O
(R~O)zP(O)-Rz-N / (R10)zP(O)-Rz-76.1 77.2 77.3 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino or iminoxy group and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the BMD-protected derivative, 76.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 77.1, in which RZ is an allcyl, allcenyl, cycloallcyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene9 or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal. ~ioch., 1978, 86, 133 and in .I l~lass. Spect~om., 1995, 30, 497. The BMD-protected side-chain compound, 77.2, is then converted, as described in Scheme I~Il in Example 76, into the triol, 77.3.
Example 77A
(R~O)~P(O)-R~-CH2Lv BOC~ (R~O)zP(O)-Rz-CHZONHBOC ~ (R~O)ZP(O)-Rz-CH~ONH2 77.5 77.4 77.6 77.7 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated above. In this procedure, a phosphonate, 77.4, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 77.5 (Aldrich), to produce the ether, 77.6. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylfonnamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 77.7.
Example 78 O~ O~ OH
O~ O
O
HO ..,~np~(R~O)2P(~)CH20NHp HO .,"iip HO ."~~iipH
H .~nMe 7~ H .~uMe - H '..~nMe / c . _ =
F Fi F hi R;O.~~~ ~ / F Fi O ~ (R~O)ZP(O)CH20N / R O' 'N
76.1 78.2 78.3 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an iminoxy group. In this procedure, the substrate, 76.1, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 78.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyloxylnethyl phosphonate (Tety~alaedf~o~r. Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 78.2, which is deprotected to afford the triol, 78.3. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine ether, 7~.1, different oxime ethers, 77.1, the corresponding products, 77.3 are obtained.
Example 79 O ~ OH
O
Br HO ..,~n~, I ~ ONHz HO "~~nOH
I-I .~nMe N Br H .y'nMe H_P(~)(~R1)z 79.3 F H 79.1 N \ ~ O' ~ / F H
O N
76.1 79.2 CHz=CHP(O)(ORi )z 79.5 OH OH
O
HO .. ~(O)(OR~)z HO ",~~~~OH
P(O)(OR )z ' OH Y H ~.~~iMe H ~~~~Me i F H N \ I O\ N / F Fi Nw I O~N /
79'4 79.6 Y = CH=CH
79.7 Y = (CHz)z The preparation of compounds in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a pyridyl methoxy group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the dienone, 76.1, is reacted, as described above, with O-(3-bromo-pyridylmethyl)hydroxylamine, 79.1, prepared as described above from 3-bromo-5-bromomethylpyridine (WO 95/28400), to give, after deprotection of the side-chain, the oxime, 79.2. The product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a diallcyl phosphite, 79.3, to afford the phosphonate, 79.4. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Claen2., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetralcis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
Alternatively, the bromo compound, 79.2, is coupled with a dialkyl vinylphosphonate, 79.5 (Aldrich), to afford the phosphonate, 79.6. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heclc reaction is described, for example, in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," by F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 503ff and in Acc. CIZeyn. Res.,1979, 12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a pblar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. ~ptionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 79.6, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog, 79.7. The reduction of olefmic bonds is described in "Comprehensive ~rganic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCIi, 1989, p. 6ff. The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or, a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromopyridyloxy reagent, 79.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 79.4, 79.6 and 79.7 are obtained.
Example 80 P(O)(OR~) O
~~~~OH
NHS ~Me 80.1 76.1 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the substrate, 76.1, is reacted with a dialkyl 2-aminophenyl phosphonate, 80.1, (S~n.,1999, 1360 to give, after deprotection, the imine product, 80.2. The reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 2-aminophenyl phosphonate, 80.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 80.2 are obtained.

Example 81 o-v . o-v H~ .,~ ~ HO C C N HO .".
~~~ z ( Hz)z0 Hz O~ H ~ (R ~)zP(~)~HzNHMe H .,nMe ---;~ 2 H .,nMe / . . 89.1 ~ / = 81.3 A
F Fi F Fi ~ / O.N /
~6.~ 81.~

Me ~ Me (R~~)zP(~)OHZ N O H~ H .".°I Me (R10)zP(~)OH~ N
F
O.N~ / H O.
81.4 81.5 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an oximino group and an amide linkage is illustrated above. In this procedure, the dienone, 76.2, is reacted with O-(2-carboxyethyl)hydroxylamine, 81.1, (J. Med. Chena., 1990, 33, 1423) to yield the oxime, 81.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with substituted hydroxylamines is described in J.
Stef°oid Bioch., 1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic' acid or sodium acetate. The oxime is then reacted with a dialkyl methylaminomethyl phosphonate, 81.3, to yield the amide oxime, 81.4. The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in "Organic Functional Group Preparations," by S.R.
Sandier and W. Faro, Academic Press, 1968, p. 274, and "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 972ff. The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-protic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid is first converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the lilce, and then reacted with the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide. The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride is effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid with a reagent such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chl~ride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylforlnamide.
The amide product, 81.4, is then converted, as descuibed herein, into the' triol, 81.5.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine, 81.3, different carboxy-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 81.5 are obtained.
Example 82 ° o : °-vo O
HO ..~~~~0~ HO
76.1 ~ H w~~MeOHO ' H w~~Me X-RZ-NHNI-F Fi F hi 82.3 O / O
82.1 82.2 O~ O~ ~ ~ v- ~
HO ..~~~ p~ _ HO ..... p~ HO ....
+ H ~~nMe H w~~Me H w~Me R~-N \ F Fi RZ-N \ F Fi N~ ~ ~I F Fi X ~N~ ~ (R~O)2(O)P ~Nr ~ ~N
82.5 82.7 R~F(O)(OR~)2~ 82.6 OH OH
O
HO .."~~pH
H ~nMe R2-N ~ F Fiv (R~O)~(O)P ~N
82.9 The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached to the 1' or 2' position of the pyrazole ring, by means of an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a heteroatom and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. IIi this procedure, the BMI~-protected dienone, 76.1, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 82.1. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (1~
chloride, for example as described in J. Med. Chena., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in .I. Ana. Chern. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 82.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 82.3, wherein 1~2 is alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and in e~,rhich the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 82.4 and 82.x. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J: Ana. Claena. Soc.,1964, 86, 1520. The pyrazoles, 82.4 and 82.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described herein, via the BMD-protected intermediates, 82.6 and 82.7, into the phosphonates, 82.8 and 82.9.
Example 83 o NHNH~ HO .~~n0~
w HO H .~uMe 82.2 / O '~' ~ ~ N ~ / F 11 ~N~
83.1 83.3 (R~O)2P(O)(OHz)zOH
83.8 O O
O
(CHz)zP(O)(OR~)z HO
O ,.~iip O H ~~~~Me HO ,~~n~~ ~ ~ w H .~~~Me , ~N, _ , F H
N~ _ = N
/ F Fi -----~ 83.9 ~N
HC=CCHzP(O)(OR~)z 83.4 83.5 OTf (CHz)zP(O)(OR~)z HO O , 'l OH
OH
H w~~Me N ~ / F Fi ~N
83.10 83.7 The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of a phenyl ring and an alkoxy or an acetylenic linkage is illustrated above. In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 82.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3-hydroxyphenylhydrazine, 83.1 (Japanese Patent No. JP 03011081), to give the pyrazoles, X3.2 and X3.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, X3.2, is then reacted in dichloromethane solution at aanbient temperature with one molar equivalent of trifluoromethylsulfonyl chloride and dimethylaminopyridine, to yield the triflate, 83.4. The product is then reacted in toluene solution with a dialkyl propynyl phosphonate, 83.5 (Syri., 1999, 2027), triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0), to give the acetylenic product, 83.6. The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl triflates with terminal acetylenes is described in WO 02130930. The BMD
protecting group is then removed to yield the triol, 83.7.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, 83.3, is reacted, in a Mitsonobu reaction, with a dialkyl 2-hydroxyethyl phosphonate, 83.8 (Epsilon), to afford the ether, 83.9. The preparation of aromatic ethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 448, and in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," Part B, by F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p.
153-4 and in Org. React., 1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the alcohol component axe reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in O~g. React., 1992, 42, 335-656. The product, 83.9, is then deprotected to give the triol, 83.10.
Using the above procedures, but employing different acetylenic or hydroxyl-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 83.7 arid 83.10 are obtained. The functionalization procedures are interchangeable between the pyrazole substrates, 83.2 and 83.3.

Example 84 CHzNHNHz b0 ~O "O1 HO .."up HO .",n0~ HO ..""O/
H .~nMe H ."~Me H .,n[vte 82.2 Br . -84.1 N ~ F H + N~ ~ F H ~'~ N~ ~ F hl ,~ / ~N / HP(O)(OR )z N
84.8 84.8 84.2 Br ~ \ P(O)(OR )z Br CHz=CHP(O)(OR~)z 84.4 O ~ OH OH
O O O
HO ."~y HO .""OH HO .""OH
H ."iMe H .~nMe H .~n[vle N N / F Fi N,N / F Fi N N ~ / F H
P(O)(OR~)z CH=CHP(O)(OR~)z X-P(O)(OR~)z 84.5 84.6 X = CH=CH
84.7 X = (CHz)z 84.9 The preparation of the phosphonates in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a benzyl group and a saturated or unsaturated carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 82.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3-bromobenzyl hydrazine, 84.1 (U.S. Patent No.
4,370,339), to produce the pyrazoles, 84.2 and 84.3. The 1'-substituted isomer 84.2 is coupled, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl vinylphosphonate, 84.4 (Aldrich), to give the phosphonate, 84.5. ~ The product is then deprotected to afford the triol, 84.6. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 84.6, is reduced, as described above, to produce the saturated analog, 84.7.
Alternatively, the 2'-substituted pyrazole, 84.3, is coupled, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite to prepare the phosphonate, 84.8, which is deprotected to give the triol, 84.9. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 1371. This reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromobenzyl reagent, 84.1, different bromo-substituted aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 84.6, 84.7 and 84.9 are obtained.
Example 85 ~~ ~' v 001 00 ~o1 NHZNH2 HO "~~~p~ ~_R~_GH2~r H~ .,...~, H~
82.2 H .,uMe ~ I-I .,nMe H .,nMe 85.2 - - +
N N ~ o F Fi ~ R~ N ~ ~ s F Fi N ~ ~ / F hi ~N ~N
H 85.1 The preparation of the phosphonate esters, 85.7 and 85.8, in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a variable carbon linkage is illustrated above. In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 82.2, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the pyrazole derivative, 85.1. The reaction of steroidal formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Am. Claeyn. Soc, 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, 85.2, in which R2 and X are as defined above, to yield the alkylation products, 85.3 and 85.4.
The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in "Heterocyclic Chemistry," by T. L. Gilchrist, Longman, 1992, p. 309. The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithimn hexamethyldisilazide and the lilce. The products, 85.3 and 85.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 85.5 and 85.6, using the procedures described herein, and deprotection then affords the triols, 85.7 and 85.8.

Example 86 o HO .,~~y (R~O)zP(O)CHzGOGHZBr HO' ,.~~ ~~ HO
H .,nMe H .,dime H .,nMe 85.1 N~ ~ F Fi N~ ~ F hi N~ ~ F hi ,N a (R~O)zP(O)CH~ ,N / ,NI a H 85.1 ~ H86.2 ~(R~O)zP(p)CH~ ~ 86.3 (R~
The pyrazole, 85.1, is reacted, as described above, with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl bromoacetonyl phosphonate, 86.1 (Tet., 1978, 34, 649), to give the alkylated pyrazoles, 86.2 and 86.3. Deprotection then yields the triols, 86.4 and 86.5.
Example 87 o~
~ Br Br~ HO "~~~0 HO .,...,0 85.1 H .,~~Me H .~~~Me 87.1 N N I a F Fi N N ~ a F Fi H s7.a ~ ~ ~ 87.3 P(OR~)s OH
,~npH
>w~~Me Fi 87.5 (R~
P(O)(OR~)z The pyrazole, 85.1, is reacted, as described above, with 1,4-bis(bromo-methyl)benzene, 87.1, to give the pyrazoles, 87.2 and 87.3. The products are subjected to an Arbuzov reaction, in which the bromomethyl substituent is converted into the dialkyl phosphonomethyl substituent, by reaction with a trialkyl phosphite at 120°, to prepare, after deprotection of the side chain, the phosphonates, 87.4 and 87.5. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Han.db.

Ofganophospho~us Chefya., 1992, 115-72: In the procedure, the substrate is heated at from 60° to about 160° with a five to fifty-fold molar excess of the trialkyl phosphite.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the dibromide, 87.1, different dibromides, the products analogous to ~7.~~ and 87.5 are obtained.
Example 88 A synthetic methodology towards the preparation of phosphonate compounds of Formulae 88.1 and 88.2 is described by Westwood et al, J. lVleel.
Chem.,1996, 39, 4608-4621, according to the general routes outlined below.
(R'O)(RO)(O)P-Link NH C~~~ (R'O)(RO)(O)P-Link \ N ~ ~N
X~ O
X
CN
CI ~ NaOEt O OH
CN (R'O)(RO)(O)P-Link H CN
(R'O)(RO)(O)P-Link H ~
I \ N \ / ~I \ N
C~ p OH
O OH X
X
88.1 88.2 Example 89 The preparation of compounds of the invention having phosphonate groups and intermediate compounds useful for their synthesis are illustrated below.
P(OEt)3, OEt NOZ Br~Br OZN~O~Br PhCH3 OzN ~ O~P.OEt KpC03, DMF I ~ O
OH
89.1 gg,2 ~ SnCl4, g9.3 EtOH
OEt H2N ~ O~P.OEt ~~
89.4 Example 90 The preparation of compounds of the invention having phosphonate groups and intermediate compounds useful for their synthesis are illustrated below.
COztBu 5nC14, \ COztBu \ COztBu EtOH
FsC -~ FaC / --~ F3C /
NOz NHz NaNOz I
HzSO4 ICI ~ ~ Pd cat.
EtO '~Et ~. NHz I .,~ CO2H I \ COztBu s Biphenyl ~. /

phosphoryl azide FaC TFA FsC
O
Et0'P Et0'OEt EtO' IOEt OEt Example 91 osul ~H HO "~~~npH
H
Fi hi (R~O)zP(O)-link /
Me Methylprednisolone suleptanate 91A 91.1 (R~O)zP(O)-links Me Me 91.2 91.3 o 0 HO
H
/
hi Fi O M (R~O)zP(O)-li 91.4 g~ 5 91.6 OH
,~iiOH
Cr~ H
(R~O)zP(O)-link IVIe (R~O)zP(O)-li Me 91.7 91.8 sul = CO(CHz)6CONMe(CHz)zS03H

The structures of Methylprednisolone suleptanate, 91A (WO 89/00558), and the phosphonate esters, 91.1- 91.3, are shown above in Example 91, in which the substituent Rl is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl. The compounds, 91.1- 91.3, incorporate a phosphonate moiety (R1O)aP(O) connected to the nucleus by means of a variable linking group, designated as "link" in the attached structures. The syntheses of the phosphonate compounds of this invention, 91.1- 91.3, and of the interanediate compounds necessary for their synthesis are set forth below.
Methylprednisolone, 91.4, is reacted with paraformaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p.
223, to yield the BMD derivative, 91.5. The phosphonate moiety is then introduced, using the procedures described herein, to produce the phosphonate ester, 91.6. The BMD moiety is then hydrolyzed, for example by treatment with 50% aqueous acetic acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p.
223, to afford the triol, 91.7. The triol is then converted into the 21-suleptanate ester as described in WO 89/00558. In this procedure, a mixed anhydride prepared by reacting suleptanic acid with pivaloyl chloride, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, is reacted with the 21-hydroxy steroid, 91.7, to prepare the 21-suleptanate ester, 91.8.
Example 92 HO ,~,~~0~ X_Rz_NH~ HO "~~~0~ OH
H - H
92.1 ~ . . --Fi H Fi H
O
(R~O)2P(O)-RZ-N / ~R1o~zP~O
Me 91.5 92.2 92.3 R3=H
92.4 R3= sul sul = CO(CH~)6CONMe(CH~)~S03H
The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino or iminoxy group and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. Tn this procedure, the BMD-protected derivative, 91.5, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 92.1, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and ~ is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amin~, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal. Biocl2., 1978, ~6, 133 and in J. Mass. Spectrom.,1995, 30, 497. The BMD-protected side-chain compound, 92.2, is then converted into the triol, 92.3, and then to the suleptanate, 92.4, as described above in Example 91.
Example 92A
(R~O)ZP(O)-RZ-CH2Lv BOCNHOH (R~O)ZP(O)-Rz-CHZONHBOC (R~O)2P(O)-Rz-CH20NH2 92.5 92.6 92.7 92.8 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated above. In this procedure, a phosphonate, 92.5, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy. The phosphonate is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 92.6 (Aldrich), to produce the ether, 92.7.
The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 92.8.

Example 93 F(O)(OR1 )20''~ OFt3 (R'~)zP~O)OHzONHz HO .."n0~ HO O
.",...OH
93.I A H H
H Hv R~~~~ OeN / H H
10)zPWO)OHzON
Me Me 9~.5 93.4 93.5 ~~=H
93.6 R3=sul sul = CQ(CH~)6C~NMe(CH~)~SQ3H
The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an iminoxy group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the substrate, 91.5, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 93.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate (Tet~a7zedf~orr. Lett.,1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 93.4, which is deprotected to afford the triol, 93.5, from which the suleptanate ester, 93.6, is prepared. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine ether, 93.1, different oxime ethers, 92.1, the corresponding products, 92.4 are obtained.

Example 94 O ~ OH
O Br r~O~ONH O
HO ..~~~~0 I z / HO "~~~~~OH
H ~ ~ I ' H - HP(O~z ,r _ .
H ~~.,1 ~ O i H H 94.3 ~ / ~Ø N r Me 91~5 -Me 94~2 CHz=CHCH2P(O)(OR~)z 94.8 (R~O)z(~)P~Y OR3 O
OH / HO "~~~~OH
H
O'N , H Fi Me 94.4; R3=H 94.7 Y = CH=CHCH2, R3=H
94.5: R3=sul 94.8 Y = CH=CHCH2, R3=sul 94.9 Y = (CH2)3, R3=H
sul = CO(CH2)6CONMe(CH~)~S03H 94.10 Y = (CHZ)3, R3=sul The preparation of compounds in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a phenoxyethoxy oxime group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the dienone, 91.5, is reacted, as described above, with O-(3-bromo-phenoxyethyl)hydroxylamine, 94.1, prepared as described above from 3-bromophenoxyethyl bromide (FR 1,481,052) and BOC-protected hydroxyl-amine, to give, after deprotection of the side-chain, the oxime, 94.2. The product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite, 94.3, to afford the phosphonate, 94.4. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and diallcyl phosphites is described in J. Mecl. Claem., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The 21-hydroxy group is then converted into the 21-suleptanate product, 94.5.
Alternatively, the bromo compound, 94.2, is coupled with a dialkyl propenylphosphonate, 94.6 (Aldrich), to afford the phosphonate, 94.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," by F. A. Carey and R. J.
Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 503ff and in Acc. Claerfa. I~es.,1979, 12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylarriine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 94.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated aaZalog, 9Q.9. The reduction of olefinic bonds is described in "Comprehensive Organic Transf~rmations," by R. C. Larock9 ~CH,1989, p.
6ff. The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane. The products, 94.7 and 94.9, are then converted into the suleptanate esters, 94.8 and 94.10.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromo-phenoxyethoxy reagent, 94.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 94.5, 94.8 and 94.10 are obtained.
Example 95 ~3 P(O)(OR~)2 O
H N I ~ ~~nOH

-=~ (R~O)2(O)P
95.1 Me Me 91.5 95.2: R3=H
sul = CO(CH2)6CONMe(CH2)2S03H 95.3: R3=sul The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino group is illustrated above. In this procedure, compound, 91.5, is reacted with a dialkyl 4-aminophenyl phosphonate, 95.1 (Epsilon), to give, after deprotection, the imine product, 95.2. The reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions. The product is then converted into the suleptanate ester, 95.3.

Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-aminophenyl phosphonate, 95.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 95.3 are obtained.
Exaanple 96 N~-H~N(CH~)40NH
~O)~P(O)CH2COaH
96.1 96.3 O, Me Me 91.5 96.2 CH~P~n~~na~~_ O~ NF CHZP(O)(OR1 )z O~NH O
HO ."~~~OH
H
O~ / H H
Me O~N
Me 96.4 96.5: R3=H
sul = CO(CHZ)6CONMe(CH~)~S03H , 96.6: R3=sul The preparation of phosphonates in Which the phosphonate is attached by means of an oximino group and an amide linkage is illustrated above. In this procedure, the dienone, 91.5, is reacted with O-(4-aminobutyl)hydroxylamine, 96.1 (Pol. J. Chena., 1981, SS, 1163), to yield the oxime, 96.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with substituted hydroxylamines is described in J.
Stef~oid Bioch., 1976, 7, 795. The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The oxime is then coupled with a dialkyl phosphonoacetic acid, 96.3 (Aldrich), to yield the amide oxime, 96.4. The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, fox example, in "Organic Functional Group Preparations," by S.I2.Sandler and W. Faro, Academic Press,1968, p. 274, and "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by I~. C. Laroclc, VCH, 1989, p. 972ff. The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-protic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid is first converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like, and then reacted With the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide. The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride is effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid With a reagent such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide.
The amide product, 96.4, is then converted, as described herein, into the suleptanate, 96.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine, 96.1, different amino-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different carboxy-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 96.6 are obtained.

Example 97 91.5 H OHC ~ H X-Rz-NHNHz H
H H 97.~ N./ I H H
U " " 'z Me. Me R~~ Me 97.4 97.1 97.~
O'~ O'~ O~

HO .~~~i~~ ~ HO ....u~~ HO
+ H H H
z-N ~ Fi Fi Rz-N ~_ hi Fi ~ N ~ I hi Fi N ~ (R~O)z(O)P ~N / . 'N
97.5 Me 97.7 Me Rz Me 97.6 P(O)(OR~)z HU~(..~~npH
Rz- N ~ I / H Fi (R~O)z(O)P ~N
Rz i Me 97.10: R3=H P(O)(OR~)z 97.8: R3=H
sul = CO(CHZ)6CONMe(CH~)aS03H 97.11: R3=sul 97.9: R3=sul The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached to the 1' or 2' position of the pyrazole ring, by means of an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a heteroatom and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the BMD-protected dienone, 91.5, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 97.1. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example as described in J. Med. Claena., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in J. Ana. Claem.
Soc.,1964, ~6, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 97.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, arallcyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 97.3, wherein RZ is alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 97.4 and 97.5. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic) solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J. Ana. Chem. Soc.,1964, 86, 1520. The pyrazoles, 97.4 and 97.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described in Examples 98 and 99, via the EMMI)-protected intermediates, 97.6 and 97.7, into the phosphonate suleptanates, 97.9 and 97.11.
Example 98 ~ ~ 0 0 NHNHz O O
HO .."n~~ HO .."n~
a H H
97.2 OH N~ ~ Fi Fi + HO ~ ~ N \ Fi Fi _ ,N a ,N a 98.1 ~ Me 98.2 Me 98.3 \ ~ BrCH2CH=CHCHZBr (R~O)zP(O)CHzOH
HO O p O O 98.9 HO
HO~~I ..""o HO. ~I ' ..,... ~ . N
HP(O)(OR~)2 ~N ~~ ~P(O)(OR~)z Me 98.10 Me 98.5 ~ Me 98.4 \ ~ 98.6 (R~O)z(O)P~~ O O OR3 HO .."nOH HO ..",~pH
H H
N N ~ / hi H ~ / ~ N'N a Fi H
nnP P(O)(OR~)2 Me 98.7: R3=H 98.11: R3=H
98.8: R3=sul 98.12: R3=sul ~P(O)(OR~)z sul = CO(CHZ)6CONMe(CH~)aS03H
The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of a phenyl ring and an alkoxy or an alkenyl linkage is illustrated above.
In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 97.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-hydroxyphenylhydrazine, 98.1 (Epsilon) , to give-the pyrazoles, 98.2 and 98.3.
The 2'-substituted isomer, 98.2, is then reacted in dimethylformamide solution at ambient temperature with one molar equivalent of 1,4.-dibromobut-2-ene and dimethylaminopyridine, to yield the bromoether, 98.4. The product is then reacted at 120° in an Arbuzov reaction with a trialkyl phosphate, 98.5, to give the phosphonate product, 98.6. The Arbuzov reaction, in which an alkyl bromide is transformed into the corresponding phosphonate, by heating at from 60°to about 150° with a trialkyl phosphite, is described in Hafzdb.
OYganophosphorus Chena., 1992, 115-72. The BMD protecting group is then removed and the product is acylated to yield the suleptanate ester triol, 98.8.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, 9~.3, is reacted, in a Mitsonobu reaction, with a dialkyl 2-hydroxymethyl phosphonate, 98.9 (Aldrich), to afford the ether, 98.10. The preparation of aromatic ethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in "Comprehensive ~rganic Transformations," by IZ. C. Laroclc, VCII, 1989, p. 448, and in "Advanced ~rganic Chemistry," Fart B, by F.A. Carey and l~. J. Sundberg, Plemun, 2001, p.
153-4 and in O~g. React.,1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the alcohol or thiol component are reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofitran, in the presence of a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and a triaryl-phosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in Os g. React., 1992, 42, 335. The product, 98.10, is then deprotected to give the triol, 98.11, and the latter compound is acylated to afford the suleptanate, 98.12.
Using the above procedures, but employing different dibromides or hydroxyl-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 98.8 and 98.12 are obtained. The functionalization procedures are interchangeable between the pyrazole substrates, 98.2 and 98.3.

Example 99 /NHN' Br (I
9~.~ -~., 99. 'i ;9;~.~
CH~=CHP(~)(OR1)~I Me ~ I hiP(~)(~R1)z _ (R1 (R1~)2(~) sul = CO(CH2)6CONMe(CH2)2S03H
The preparation of the phosphonates in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a phenyl ring or a phenyl ring and a saturated or unsaturated carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the keto-aldehyde, 97.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-bromophenyl hydrazine, 99.1 (J. Organofnet. ClZem.,1999, 62, 581), to produce the pyrazoles, 99.2 and 99.3. The 1'-substituted isomer, 99.2, is coupled, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a diallcyl vinylphosphonate, 99.4 (Aldrich), to give the phosphonate, 99.4a. The product is then deprotected to afford the triol, 99.5, which is converted into the suleptanate, 99.6. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 99.6, is reduced, as described above, to produce the saturated analog, 99.8.
Alternatively, the 2'-substituted pyrazole, 99.3, is coupled, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a diallcyl phosphite to prepare the phosphonate, 99.9, which is deprotected, and the product is acylated to give the ~~J.l: X = (G1-12)2, K =t1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 99.8: X = (CH~)z, R3=sul 99.11: R3=sul suleptanate ester, 99.11. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Cheyn., 1992, 35, 1371. This reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromophenyl hydrazine, 99.1, different bromo-substituted aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 99.6, 99.~ and 99.11 are obtained.
Example 100 ° o ° c HO ..,~~~0~ HO .,~n OO H H
NH2NH2 HO ..~~ip ~-N~ ~ Fi Fi N~ ~ Fi Fi 97.2 - z ~ _ ~
H X-Rz-CHZBr R 'H N
~ Me ~ 2 Me N H / H H 100.2 ' 100.3 O o0 X 100.4 O
100.1 Me _ . > . . _ .
rN ~ ~ Fi Fi N ~ ~ hi Fi R2 ~N ~ N
P(O)(OR')2 100.5 OR3 ~ROR~ 100.6 ORs O P\OR1 O
HO .."nOH HO ..,...pH
H H
R2NN~/hi Fi NN~/Fi H
P(O)(OR~)2 Me CRZ Me sul = CO(CHz)6CONMe(CH~)ZS03H 100.7: R3=H (R'o)z(o)P 100.9: R3=H
100.8: R3=sul 100.10: R3=sul The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a variable carbon linkage is illustrated above.
In this procedure, the lcetoaldehyde, 97.2, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the pyrazole derivative, 100.1. The reaction of steroidal 2,-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Afra. Clzef~a. Soc, 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, 100.2, in which R2 and X are as defined above, to yield the alkylation products, 100.3 and 100.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in "Heterocyclic Chemistry,"
by T. L. Gilchrist, Longman,1992, p. 309. The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylfonn-amide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylamino-pyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like. The pxoducts,100.3 and 100.4 axe, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 100.5 and 100.6, using the procedures described herein, and deprotection/acylation then affords the suleptanate esters, 100. and 100.10.
Example 101 o-y o ~ °r i HO "~u0~ (R~O)zPIO)(CHz)aBr HO .~~np HO
H 101.1 ' H H
nv N N I / H ti (R~ O)zP(O)(CHz)4 N N I / H H N N I / hi Hv H Me 100.1 H Me (R1p)zP(O)(GHz)4 I Me 101.3 101.2 O
HO
H
(R'O)zP(O)(~Hz)a N~ I / H H
~N
H
Me (R~O)zP(O) sul = CO(CH~)6CONMe(CH~)2S03H 101.4: R3=H
101.5: R3=sul 101.7: R3=sul The pyrazole, 100.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution, as described above, with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl bromobutyl phosphonate,101.1, (Synthesis, 1994, 9, 909) and lithium hexamethyldisilazide to give the all~ylated pyrazoles, 101.2 and 101.3. Deprotection/acylation then yields the suleptanates, 101.5 and 101.7.

Example 102 Br~Br HO ."n0~
_H H
100.1 102.1 ~ ~ - - + N~ I H HV
Br H,N I / Fi H Br ~H
H Me Me 102.3 102.2 ~ OR3 P(OR )g O
HO~,OH
T ~ ~ 1' ~
N ~ ~ hi Fi (R~ P(O)(OR~j~
Me s ~ 102.6: R3=H
102.4: R =H
102.5: R3=sul 102.7: R3=sul sul = CO(CH2)6CONMe(CH2)2S03H
The pyrazole, 100.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution, as described above, with 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclopropane, 102.1 (Tet., 1997, 53, 10459), to give the pyrazoles, 102.2 and 102.3. The products are subjected to an Arbuzov reaction, in which the bromomethyl substituent is converted into the dialkyl phosphonomethyl substituent, by reaction with a trialkyl phosphite at 120°, to prepare, after deprotection of the side chain and acylation, the suleptanate phosphonates, 102.5 and 102.7. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Handb. Orgayaophosphof~us ClaeT~a., 1992, 115-72. In the procedure, the substrate is heated at from 60° to about 160° with a five to fifty-fold molar excess of the trialkyl phosphite.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the dibromide, 102.1, different dibromides, the products analogous to 102.5 and 102.7 are obtained.

Example 103 OH
1e 2P(O
1~3.'~
OH
~2 H
/ (K ~~)2P(o)-link ~ (R O)2P(O)-link 103.2 103.3 The structures of Clobetasol,103A (U.S. Patent No. 3,721,687), and the phosphonate esters, 103.1-103.3, are shown above. The compounds, 103.1-103.3, incorporate a phosphonate moiety (R10)ZP(O) connected to the nucleus by means of a variable linl~ing group, designated as "linl~" in the attached structures.
OH O O
O
O \
HO ,.....pH HO
H Me H Me , / . . - --O / F H O / F Fi (R
103.4 103.5 103.6 Ms e~~OH
F~H~~, ~F~Fi Me (R~O)2P(O)-linkw v (R~O)2P(O)-linkw v (R~O)zP
103.7 103.8 103.9 A protection-deprotection sequence in which the steroid side-chain is protected as a bis-methylenedioxy (BMD) moiety is illustrated above. In this sequence, 9a fluoro-16(3-methyl-11,Q,17a,21-trihydroxypregn-1,4-dien-3,21-dione, 103.4 (U.S. Patent No. 3,721,687), is reacted with parafonnaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to yield the BMD derivative,103.5. The phosphonate moiety is then introduced, using the procedures described below, to produce the phosphonate ester, 103.6. The BMD moiety is then hydrolysed, for example by treatment with 50% aqueous acetic acid, as described in '6Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to afford the triol, 103.7. The 21-hydroxy group is then converted into the 21-chloro group as described in TJ.S. Patent No. 3,721,687, Chif~aia, 1992, 46, 338, or J. lVled. Che~ra.,1987, 30, 1581. IIi this procedure, the 21-hydroxy substrate is reacted at about 0° with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonyl chloride in a basic solvent such as pyridine, to afford the 21-mesylate, 103.8. The product is then reacted, in dimethylformamide solution at about 70°, with ca. five molar equivalents of lithium chloride, to yield the 21-chloro product, 103.9.
Example 104 O~ O
\ O
HO ..,.. p~ ~_R2_NHZ HO .,.. p/ HO "~~npH
H Me H Me H Me 104.1 ~ F H ~ ~ F H
O (R~O)zP(O)_Rz-N ~ (R~O)2P(O)-Ft2_ /
103.1 104.2 104.3 R3=OH
104.4 R3= CI
The the preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino or iminoxy group and a variable carbon chain is described herein. In this procedure, the BMD-protected derivative,103.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 104.1, in which R2 is an allcyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S
or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the lilce. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime. The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal. Bioch., 1978, ~6, 133 and in J. Mass. Spectf~ofn., 1995, 30, 497. The B1VID-protected side-chain compound, 104.2, is then converted into the triol, 10..3, and then to the 21-chloro product, 104.4, as described herein.
Example 104A
(R1O)zP(~)-Rz-CHzLv BOCNHOH (R~O)zP(O)-Rz-CHzONHBOG ~ (R~O)zP(O)-Rz-CHzONHz 104..5 104.6 104..7 1 ~4~.3 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated above. In this procedure, a phosphonate, 104.5, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine,l 104.6 (Aldrich), to produce the ether, 104.7. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether,104.8:
Example 105 O~ ~ P(O)(OR~)z0~ R3 \ O
HO ..... p~(R~O)zP(O)CHZONHz HO ..,~~ p/ HO ...,~~~nOH
H Me ~ H Me ~ H Me 105.1 , _ _ ~ . ;
F Fi F Fi R~O.~ F H
O / (R~O)zP(O)CHZON ~ R~O'~~O~N
103.1 105.2 105.3 R3=OH
105.4 R3=CI
The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an iminoxy group. W this procedure, the substrate, 103.1, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 105.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate (TetYahedf-ofa Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 105.2. Deprotection then affords the triol, 105.3, from which the 21-chloro compound, 105.4, is prepared. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants. Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine ether, 105.1, different oxime ethers, 104.1, the corresponding products, 105.4 are obtained.
Example 106 ~ ~ OH
O
Br\ ~ ~ O
HO ..,~~0~ I OHHz HO ,.....OH
H Me ~j Br H Me H~(O) / ' = -~
F H ~ 106.1 N \ I O\ ~ ~ F H 106.3 o N ~ P(o)(~R')z 103.1 106.2 r 106.6 R
o P(~)(OR~)z O O
P(OOOR~)z HO ."~~npH Y ~ I HO ."~~nOH
H Me H Me i i H N \ I O\ ~ F Fi i 106.4: R3=OH ~ 106.7 Y = CH=CH, R3=OH
106.5: R3=CI 106.8 Y = CH=CH, R3=CI
106.9 Y = (CHz)a, R3=OH
106.10 Y = (CHz)z, R3=CI
The preparation of compounds in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a 3-pyridylmethoxy oxime group described herein. W this procedure, the dienone, 103.1, is reacted, as described above, with O-(5-bromo-3-pyridylmethoxy)hydroxylamine, 106.1, prepared as described above from 5-bromo-3-bromomethylpyridine (WO 95/28400) and BOC-protected hydroxyl-amine, to give, after deprotection of the side-chain, the oxime, 106.2. The product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite, 106.3, to afford the phosphonate,106.4. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and diallcyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Chen2., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0). The 21-hydroxy group is then converted into the 21-chloro derivative, 106.5.
Alternatively, the bromo compound, 106.2, is coupled with a dialkyl 4-vinylphenyl phosphonate,106.6 (Macror~aoleeules, 199, 31, 2918), to afford the phosphonate, 106.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," by F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 503ff and in Acc. Clzezzz.
Res., 1979,12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. ~ptionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 106.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog, 106.9. The reduction of olefmic bonds is described in "Comprehensive ~rganic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCbI, 1989, p. 6f~ The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydro-genation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane. The products, 106.7 and 106.9, are then converted into the 21-chloro analogs, 106.8 and 106.10.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromopyridyl-methoxy reagent,106.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 106.5, 106.8 and 106.10 are obtained.
Example 107 P(O)(Of ~OH
HEN ~ 1e 107.1 (R~ O)Z(O) 103.1 107.2: R3=OH
107.3: R3=CI
The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the substrate, 103.1, is reacted with a dialkyl 4-aminobenzyl phosphonate, 107.1, (Fluka) to give, after deprotection, the imine product, 107.2. The reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon s~lvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions. The product is then converted into the 21-chloro compound, 107.3.

Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-aminobenzyl phosphonate,107.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 107.3 are obtained.
I;~~ar~ple 10~
~ ~ OH
O
O /O ~ o HO "~np HS(CH2)zONHz SH HO "~np~ ~ p(O)(OR~)z H Me H Me 108.1 ~ ~ / . . 108.3 A
F Fi 103.1 108.2 P(O)(OR~)2 O~ P(O)(~R~)z R3 O
S o ~ HO .,..,p S o I HO ,....pH
H Me H Me .:
O'N / F Fi O'N s F Fi 108.4 108.5: R3=OH
108.6: R3=CI
The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an oximino group and a thioether linkage is illustrated above. In this procedure, the dienone, 103.1, is reacted with O-(2-mercaptoethyl)hydroxyl-amine, 108.1 (BioofganiclZeskaya Khim., 1986, 12, 1662), to yield the oxime, 108.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with substituted hydroxyl-amines is described in J. Stet°oid Bioch., 1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate.
The product is then coupled, in a Mitsonobu reaction, with a diallcyl 3-hydroxy-phenyl phosphonate, 108.3 (Aurora), to yield the thioether oxime, 108.4. The preparation of aromatic ethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in "Comprehensive Organic Transformations", by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 448, and in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," Part B, by F.A.
Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 153-4 and in Org. React.,1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the alcohol or thiol component are reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in Oyg. React., 1992, 42, 335-656.

The thioether product, 108.4, is then hydrolyzed and converted into the 21-chloro product, 108.6, as described in Example 103.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxyl-amine, 108.3, different hydroxy or mercapto-substituted hydroxylamines, andlor different hydroxyaryl-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 108.6 are obtained.
Example 109 0 0 0 00 ~ ~o HO .,...~~ HO
HO
103.5 ~ H MeOHC ' H Me X-R2-NHNH_2 H Me F Fi F Fi 109.3 N ~ ~ / F Fi _N

109.1 109.2 'X 109.4 O
0o\ \
HO .,~~~p~ ~ HO .... p/ HO
+ H Me H Me H Me R~-N \ F Fi R~-N \ F Fi N~ ~ F H
X ~N~ / (R~O)z(O)P 'N / N
R~
109.5 109.7 R3 p(O)(OR')Z 10 R6 o O
HO ......pH HO .,~nOH
H Me H Me i (R~O)2(O)pR N N / F Fi N,N ~ / F Fi 109.10: R3=OH P(O)(OR~)2 109.8: R3=OH
109.11: R3=CI 109.9: R3=CI
The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached to the 1' or 2' position of the pyrazole ring, by means of an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, a heteroatom and a variable carbon chain is illustrated above. In this procedure, the BMD-protected dienone,103.5, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 109.1. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example as described in .J. Med. Ch.efra., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformaxnide, as described in.l. Ana. Chena. Soc., 1964, ~6, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 109.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, arall~yl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 109.3, wherein R2 is alkyl, axalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 109.4 and 109.x. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in.l. Aura. ClaeTn. S'oc.,1964, 86, 1520. The pyrazoles,109.4 and 109.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described in Examples 110 and 111, via the EI~ID-protected intermediates, 109.6 and 109.7, into the 21-chloro phosphonates, 109.9 and 109.11.
Example 110 o~ o~

NHNHz HO ."~n0~ HO
H Me HzN H Me o 109.2 NHz N I F H + ~ ~ N ~ F hi ~N ~ ~N~
110.1 ~ 110.2 110.3 HzN \ ~' HO(CHz)zP(O)(OR~)z (R~O)zP(O)CH2CH0 110.4 R3 110.8 O o CDI ~ ,n . ~ ) F
" " " HN 110.9 / (CHz)2P(O)(OR1)z NHCOO(CHz)zP(O)(OR~ )z 110.5 110.6: R3=OH HO O R3 110.7: R3=CI ~~~OH
n~/F1 ~~Me HN ~ 110.10:
(CHz)zP(O)(OR )z Rs=OH
110.11: R3=CI
The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached to the 1' or 2' position of the pyrazole ring, by means of a carbamate or an amino lincage is illustrated above. In this procedure, the lcetoaldehyde, 109.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3-aminophenyl-hydrazine 110.1 (EP 437105) to give the pyrazoles 110.2 and 110.x. The 2'-substituted isomer 110.2 is then reacted in dimethylfonnamide solution at ambient temperature with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 2-hydroxyethyl phosphonate, 110.4 (Epsilon), and carbonyl diimidazole, to yield the carbamate, 110.5. The preparation of carbamates is described in "Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations," A. R. I~atritzky, ed., Pergamon, 1995,' Vol.
~, p 4.16ff, and in "Organic Functional Group Preparations," by S. R. Sandier and W. Faro, Academic Press, 1986, p. 260ff. W the procedure, the amine is reacted in an inert aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran, with phosgene or a functional equivalent thereof, such as carbonyl diimidazole, triphosgene, pentafluorophenyl carbonate and the like, to afford the corresponding activated acylamine. The latter compound is then reacted with an alcohol to yield the carbamate. The BMD protecting group is then removed and the product is converted into the 21-chloro product, 110.7.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole,110.3, is reacted, in a reductive amination reaction, with a dialkyl formylmethyl phosphonate, 110.8 (Zh.
~bsclzei. Klaisn., 1987, 57, 2793), and sodium triacetoxyborohydride, to afford the amine, 110.9. The preparation of amines by means of reductive amination procedures is described, for example, in "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, p 421, and in "Advanced Organic Chemistry," Part B, by F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p 269. In this procedure, the amine component and the aldehyde or ketone component are reacted together in the presence of a reducing agent such as, for example, borane, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride, optionally in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as titanium tetraisopropoxide, as described in J. Org. Cherra., 1990, 55, 2552.
The product, 110.9, is then deprotected to give the triol, 110.10, and the latter compound is transformed into the 21-chloro analog, 110.11.
Using the above procedures, but employing different formyl or hydroxyl-substituted phosphonates, and/or different amino-substituted hydrazines, the products analogous to 110.7 and 110.11 are obtained. The functionalization procedures are interchangeable between the pyrazole substrates, 110.2 and 110.3.

Example 111 o-v ow HOzC ~ NHNHz \
HO .... pa HO
HOzC H Me H Me 109.2 111.1 / ~
N ~ F Fi + N~ ~ F H
,N / ,N
111.2 _ 111.3 P(O)(OR~ )z MeNHCH2P(O)(OR~ )z HOzC \
111.
NHz 111.4. ~ 00 O HO ..,.
HN H Me (R~O)z(O)P ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ / F Fi N
111.5 ~ ~ (R'O)z(O)P\~
Me ~)z(~)P\~N a 111.6: R3=O H \ ~ 111.10: R3=O H
111.7: R3=CI o 111.11: R3=CI
The preparation of the phosphonates in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a phenyl ring and an amide linkage is illustrated above.
In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 109.2, is reacted, as described above, with carboxyphenyl hydrazine, 111.1 (Apin), to produce the pyrazoles, 111.2 and 111.3. The 1'-substituted isomer, 111.1, is coupled, in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, with a dialkyl 3-aminophenyl phosphonate,111.4 (Aurora), to give the amide, 111.5. The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in "Organic Functional Group Preparations," by S.R.Sandler and W. Karo, Academic Press,1968, p. 274, and "Comprehensive Organic Transformations," by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p.
972ff. The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-O

protic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid may first be converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like, and then reacted with the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide.
The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride can be effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid with a reagent such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide.
The product is then deprotected to afford the triol, 111.6, which is converted into the 21-chloro compound, 111.7.
Alternatively, the 2'-substituted pyrazole, 111.3, is coupled, as described above, with a dialkyl methylaminomethyl phosphonate, 111.8, to prepare the amide phosphonate 111.9 which is deprotected, and the product is converted into the 21-chloro analog, 111.11.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the carboxyphenyl hydrazine, 111.1, different carboxy-substituted aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 111.7 and 111.11 are obtained.

Example 112 o-~ o-~

NH~NHZ Ho .... p~ ~_RZ_GHZBr HO ",. ~~ HO ..".,~
109.2 H Me ~ H Me H Me r . _ 112.2 r . . + r N ~ F Fi ~N ~ F Fi N ~ F Fi ~N / Rz 'N / 'N /
H j~ H
112.1 112.3 CRZ 112.4.
/
HO .... p~ HO ...., H Me H Me R2 N N ~ / F hi N N ~ / F Fiv P(~)( R~)~ 112.5 \R2 ~ 112.6 yoR
o P~~R~ II
H
1e The preparation of the phosphonate esters in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a variable carbon linkage is illustrated above.
In this procedure, the ketoaldehyde, 109.2, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the pyrazole derivative, 112.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in .I. Am. Clzem. S~c, 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound,112.2, in which R2 and X are as defined above, to yield the allcylation products,112.3 and 112.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in "Heterocyclic Chemistry,"
by T. L. Gilchrist, Longman, 1992, p. 309. The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylform-amide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylamino-pyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like. The products, 112.3 and 112.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 112.5 and 112.6, using the procedures described herein, and deprotection/ acylation then affords the 21-chloro compounds, 112.8 and 112.10.

112.7: R3=OH(R~O)2(O)P 112.9: R3=OH
112.8: R3=CI 112.10: R3=CI

Example 113 ° o ~" ~ I
HO ..,~"~ (R~O)zP(O)CH2CH=CHCH2Br HO .....,~ HO
H Me ~~3.1 ' H Me H
Ns ~ F Fi (R~O)zP(O)CHzCH=CHCH~N~ ~ F hi N~ ~ F hi ~N ~ N ~ ~N
H 91.1 113. ~ ~ (R~O)aP(O)CH2CH=CHICHz I 113.3 OE
'M
(R~O)zP(O)CHZCH=CHCH~N~~ ~ F ~ H
H
(R~O)zP(O)CHzCH=CHCHz 113.4: R3=OH 113.6: R3=OH
113.5: R3=CI 113.7: R3=CI
The pyrazole, 112.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution, as described above, with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl bromobutenyl phosphonate, 113.1 (J. Med. Claefn., 1992, 35, 1371), and lithium hexamethyldisilazide to give the alkylated pyrazoles, 113.2 and 113.3. Deprotection followed by chlorination yields the 21-chloro products, 113.5 and 113.7.
Example 114 Br~Br HO .,~n0~ HO ."n0~
H Me H Me 112.1 114.1 ,-N~ ~ F H + N~ ~ F H
H
Br 114.2 3 / 114.3 P(OR~)3 R P(OR~)3 R
O Br O
HO ..~~nOH HO ..~~upH
H Me H Me N N ~ / F Hv N N ~ s F Fi H
(R~O)z(O)P 114.4: R3=OH ~ 114.6: R3=OH
114.5: R3=CI (O)(OR~)z 114.7: R3=CI
The pyrazole, 112.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution, as described above, with 1,4-dibromobut-2-yne, 114.1 (Aldrich), to give the pyrazoles, 114.2 and 114"..3. The products are subjected to an Arbuzov reaction, in which the bromomethyl substituent is converted into the dialkyl phosphonomethyl substituent, by reaction with a trialkyl phosphite at 120°, to prepare, after deprotection of the side chain and chlorination, the 21-chloro phosphonates, 114.5 and 114.7. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Haradb.
O~ganophosphorus Chefya., 1992, 115-72. In the procedure, the substrate is heated at from 60° to about 160° with a five to fifty-fold molar excess of the trialkyl phosphite. Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the dibromide, 114.1, different dibromides, the products analogous to 114.5 and 114.7 are obtained.
Example 115 1. Et02CCHZCN, NaOEt 2. LiOH/EtOH
Et02C\'Ar 3. HCl/HZO p NC~Ar 115.2 115.1 HZNOH
1. Cyanomorpholine 2. Separation of enantiomers N~NH2 O_N by chromatography or classical resolution Z ~ ~N Ar U N-~ H N
\ Ar The preparation of compounds of the invention having phosphonate groups and intermediate compounds useful for their synthesis are illustrated herein. A (3-ketonitrile,115.2, is generated from a phenylacetic acid, 115.1, by condensation with a malononitrile ester under Claisen conditions. Reaction with hydroxylamine provides the 5-amino-1,2-oxazole which, upon condensation with cyanomorpholine provides the desired SMP-114 analogs.
Example 116 1. BBr3 2. K~C03, BrCH2CH:CHCH~Br I ~ ~ OEt EtOaC / O~ H02C / ~~P.OEt 3. P(OEt)3 116.1 4. LiOH, EtOH 116.2 The anisole derivative, 116.1, is demethylated by treatment with a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide. The resulting phenol is alkylated with E-1,4-dibromobutene and the resulting monobromide is heated with triethylphosphite in a solvent such as toluene (or other Arbuzov reaction conditions: see Engel, R., "Synthesis of Carbon-phosphorus Bonds," CRC press,1988) to generate the diethyl ester of the desired phosphoric acid,116.2. Saponification of the carboxylate ester gives the phenylacetic acid ready for incorporation into the synthesis of SlliIP-114 analogs.
Example 117 r i Et 1. BBr3 ~~ 2. ICZC03, BrCH2CHzCH2Br I W ~ C~~x-OEt Et~~fa r H~2C /
3. P(OEt)3 4. LiOH, EtOH
The preparation of compounds of the invention having phosphonate groups can be prepared the procedure of Example 116 and substituting 1,3-dibromopropane in place of the 1,4-dibromobutene.
Example 118 1. TfzO, 2,6-lutidine o OH 2. PhB(OH)2, Pd cat.
3. as in Example 2 I ~ i Et EtO~C i Oi HOzC ~ O~P.OEt O
118.1 The free phenol in ethyl homovanillate, 118.1, is converted to the aryl triflate, and the biphenyl motif is generated by Suzuki coupling with phenyl-boronic acid (see Chen2. Rev., 1995, 95, 2457). The 'remaining steps are analogous to those described in Example 116.
Example 119 1. (4-Me0)PhB(OH)~, Pd cat. i O~ I~OEt w Br 3. as in Example 2 ~ w I OEt Et02C I r H02C I s 119.1 Ethyl 4-bromophenylacetate,119.1, is coupled with 4-methoxyphenyl-boronic acid using the Suzuki method (see above). The remaining steps are analogous to those described in Example 116.

Example 120 OH O ~ U' 00 O, HO .."np HO ",....OH HO
H Me _ H Me H Me ~ /FFi ~ /FFi ~~/FFi F F
120 120.1 120.2 OH CI
~ O Et HO ."nOH HO ..,.n~ OEt HO .,~nOGOEt H Me H Me H Me ~/ F Fi ' ~~ F Fiv ~'/ F Fi A° F A° F A° F
120.3 120.4 120.5 6a ,9 a-Difluoro-16(3-methyl-11 (3,17x,21-trihydroxypregn-1,4-di en-3,21-dione, 120A, (U.S. Patent No. 4,619,921) is reacted with paraformaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.1VI. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to yield the BMD derivative, 120.1. The phosphonate moiety is then introduced, using the procedures described below, to produce the phosphonate ester 120.2. The BMD moiety is then hydrolyzed, for example by treatment with SO% aqueous acetic acid, as described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p. 223, to afford the triol, 120.3. The latter compound is then converted into the 17,21-cyclic orthoester, 120.4, using the procedure described in Claena.
Plaarm. Bull., 1986, 34, 1613. The substrate is reacted in dimethylforma.mide at 70°C with two molar equivalents of triethyl orthopropionate and a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The product is then reacted with an excess of trimethylsilyl chloride in dimethylformamide at ambient temperature to produce the 21-chloro 17-propionate product, 120.5.
Alternatively, the substrate, 120.3, is converted into the product, 120.5, by means of the method described in .l. Med. Chem., 1987, 30: 15 81. In this procedure, the 21-hydroxy group is activated by conversion to the 21-mesylate, by reaction with mesyl chloride in pyridine; the mesylate group is then displaced to yield the 21-chloro intermediate, by reaction with lithium chloride in dimethylformamide, and the 17-hydroxyl group is esterified to give the 21-chloro-17-propionate derivative, 120.5. The selective acylation of the 17a hydroxyl group in the presence of an 11,0 hydroxyl group is described in J.
Med.
Chena., 1987, 30: 1581.
~xarnple 121 O~ O~ Rs O
HO ..,.. ~~ ~_Rz_NHz HO .,.. p~ HO .,~~~~~OR4 H Me _ H Me H Me . _ Fi 121.1 ' ~ F Ii ~ / F Fi O (R~O)zF(O)-Rz-N / (R~O)zF(O)-Rz-N
F F
120.1 121.2 121.3 R3=OH, R4=H
121.4 R3= CI, R4=COEt The BMD-protected derivative, 120.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 121.1, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O; S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is diallcylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in AfZal. Bioch., 1978, 86, 133 and in J. Mass. Spectf~orn., 1995, 30, 497. The BMD-protected side-chain compound, 121.2, is then converted into the triol,121.3, and then to the 21-chloro 17 propionate product, 121.4, as described above.
(R~O)zP(~)-Rz-CHzLv BOCNHOH (R~O)zP(O)-Rz-CHzONHBOC ~ ~ z (R O)zP(O)-R -CHzONHz 121.6 121.5 121.7 121.8 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated above. A phosphonate, 121.5, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 121.6, (Aldrich) to produce the ether, 121.7. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 121.8.
lE~~ample 122 p~ ~~ R3 .".. ~,(R10)~P(~)CHZ~NH~~ ".. ~, H~ "~~~~pR4 H~
H Mew H _ Me ~ H Me F H 122.1 /~ F Fi R~ p. ~ / F Fi O / (R1~)2P(O)~H20F~'~ Rip' u0'N i F F
120.1 122.2 122.3 R3=OH, R4=H
122.4 R3= CI, R4=COEt The substrate, 120.1, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 122.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoro-ethylsulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate (Tet. Lett.,1986, 27:1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 122.2. Deprotection then affords the triol, 122.3, from which the 21-chloro 17-propionate compound, 122.4, is prepared.
The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine ether, 122.1, different oxime ethers, 121.1, the coiTesponding products, 12f.4 are obtained.

Example 123 O~ OH
00 Br HO "~~~0, / ~ ONHa HO ~~ ~OH
H Me S _ Br H MeHH(O)(~R~)~
~ / F H 123.1 ' ~ I O~ ~ / F H 123.3 N
123.2 F CHI=CH(CH~)zP(~)(~R~)2 121.1 R3 Rs 12~3.P
(R1O)2(O)P H~ ,. oOR4 aB(~)(OR1)2 HO ",~~OR4 H Me Y H Me O. > / F H ~ ~ O, , / F Fi N S N
F
123.4: R3=OH, R4=H 123.7 Y = CH=CH(CHZ)Z, R3=OH, R4=H
s- a- 123.8 Y = CH=CH(CHZ)z, R =CI, R =COEt 123.5: R -CI, R -COEt 123.9 Y = (CHZ)4, R3=OH, R4=H
123.10 Y = (CHZ)4, R3=CI, R4=COEt The dienone, 121.1, is reacted, as described above, with O-(4-bromo-2-thienylmethoxy)hydroxylamine, 123.1, prepared as described above from 4-bromo-2-bromomethylthiophene (WO 94/20456) and BOC-protected hydroxylamine, to give, after deprotection of the side-chain, the oxime,123.2.
The product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphate, 123.3, to afford the phosphonate, 123.4. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Chena. 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0). The 21-hydroxy compound, 123.4, is then converted, as described herein, into the 21-chloro 17-propionate derivative, 123.5.
Alternatively, the bromo compound,123.2, is coupled with a dialkyl butenyl phosphonate, 123.6, (Of g. Lett., 2001, 3, 217) to afford the phosphonate, 123.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heclc reaction is described, for example, in F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Ad~czfaced ~~gczftic Chefnistf~r, 503ff (Plenum, 2001) and in Acc. Chern. Res.,1979, 12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the double bond present in the product, 123.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog,123.9. The reduction of olefinic bonds is described in R. C.
Laroclc, C'~nupr~dzensivle ~a~ahie T'a~czfosf~ruaczta~azs9 6ff (VCIi 1989).
The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane. The products, 123.7 and 123.9, are then converted into the 21-chloro 17-propionate analogs, 123.8 and 123.10.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromothienylmethoxy reagent,123.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 123.5, 123.8 and 123.10 are obtained.
Example 124 H2N Rs P(O)(OR~ )2 S ~ R4 ~(R~ O)2(O)P
a S~
124.1 F F
121.1 124.2: R3=OH, R4=H
124.3: R3=CI, R4=COEt The substrate,121.1, is reacted with a dialkyl 4-amino-2-thienyl phosphonate, 124.1, prepared by the palladium-catalyzed coupling, as described above, between 4-amino-2-bromothiophene (Tet., 1987, 43, 3295) and a dialkyl phosphate, to give, after deprotection, the amine product, 124.2. The amine forming reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions. The product is then converted into the 21-chloro 17-propionate compound, 124.3.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-aminothienyl phosphonate,124.1 different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 124.3 are obtained.
Example 125 o-~ ~-~
NHz ~ j HO(CHZ)2~(O)(OR~)z HO .".,~ HzN(CHz)40NHz HO ...,~~~ 125.3 H Me ---> H Me O / F Fi 125.1 O'N j F H CDI
r F F
121.1 125.2 O(CHz)zP(O)(OR~)z O~ O(CHz)zP(O)(OR1)z R3 O~NH O j O~NN O
HO .....,0 HO ~~~~~~OCOEt H Me H Me _~ ~ _ O~ N~ ~ F H --~ O, ~ / F Fi N
F F
125.4 125.5: R3=OH
125.6: R3=CI
The dienone, 121.1, is reacted with O-(4-aminobutyl)hydroxylamine, 125.1, (Poi. J. Cherra., 1981, 55, 1163) to yield the oxime,125.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with substituted hydroxylamines is described in J.
Steroid Bioch.,1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The product is then coupled with a dialkyl 2-hydroxyethyl phosphonate, 125.3, (Epsilon) and carbonyl diimidazole, to yield the carbamate oxime,125.4. The preparation of carbamates is described in A. R. Katritzlcy, Cojnpr-ehensive Osgauic Fz~ricti~raal Group Ty~arasfof~yfzatiofzs, 6, 416ff (Pergamon, 1995), and in S. R. Sandier and W.
Faro, Orgafaic Furactiofzal Gf~oup Poeparations, 260ff (Academic Press, 1986).
In the procedure, the amine is reacted in an inert aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran, with phosgene or a functional equivalent thereof, such as carbonyl diimidazole, triphosgene, pentafluorophenyl carbonate and the like, to afford the corresponding activated acylamine. The latter compound is then reacted with an alcohol to yield the carbamate. The carbamate product, 125.4, is then converted, as described herein, into the 21-chloro 17-propionate product, 125.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing9 in place of the hydroxylamine, 125.3, different amino-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different hydroxy-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 125.6 are obtained.
Example 126 ° o° ° o° ° °o HO . ~~ , HO .."~~O~X-Rz-NHNHz HO
H 126,3 H Me 121.1 - H Me pHC - .
F hi / F Fi N N ~ , F hi O s O . Rz ~X
126.4 126.1 126.2 0 Op O O O O
HO ..,~~0~ , HO ...,n0, HO ..,a,~
+ H Me H Me H .Me Rz-N _ , F H Rz-N ~ F H N ~ ~ F H ' .
X ,N (R~O)z(O)P 'N ~ ,2 ~
126.6 126.7 R3 P(O)(OR )z R3 126.5 HO w~~~~OCOEt HO ~~~~nOCOEf H Me H Me Rz-N ~ F Fiv N~ ~ F Fiv (R~O)z(O)P ~N s ~N
F R F
P(O)(OR~)z 126.10: R3=OH 126.8: R3=OH
126.11: R3=CI 126.9: R3=CI
The BMD-protected dienone,121.1, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product,126.1. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example as described in J.
Mcel. Claem.., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in J. Am. Ches~a. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 126.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 126.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino9 carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 126.4 and 126.x. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J. Aoa. Claena. S'~c., 1964, ~6, 1520. The pyrazoles, 126.4 and 126.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described in Examples 122 and 123, via the ElI~ID-protected intermediates, 126.6 and 126.7, into the 21-chloro 17-propionate phosphonates, 126.9 and 126.11.
Example 127 0 00 0 0~
HO ~ .."~~0~ HO
HOZC(CH~)3NHNH~ H Me H Me 126.2 127.1 N~ ~ ~ F H ~ + HO~C~--N, ~ / F Fiv _ ~N .i 127.2 Nr =
F 127.3 HOZC~ P(O)(OR~ )2 (R O)ZP(O)CH~NH~
H2N ~ 127.8 ~ ~7_a n-~
H one N ~/~~ H .
i N~N I ~ F H ~ ~ ~ ,N/ F 127.9 HF ~ F NHCH~P(O)(OR~)z ~N O.
O~- / \ O / \
P(O)(OR1 )2 p~Rs P (0)(O R~ )2 127.5 HU
127.6: R3=OH, R4=H H
127.7: R3=CI, R4=COEt = =
r--N ~ F Fi HCH~P(O)(OR~)2 F
127.10: R~=OH, R4=H
127.11: R3=CI, R4=GOEt The ketoaldehyde, 126.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3 carboxypropyl hydrazine,127.1, (Ind. J. Exp. Biol.,1994, 32, 218) to give the pyrazoles,127.2 and 127.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 127.2, is then reacted in dimethylformamide solution at ambient temperature with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 4-aminophenyl phosphonate, 127.4, (Epsilon) and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, to yield the amide, 127.5. The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in S.lZ. Sandier and 5~e~. Faro, ~a-~araic F'ur2cti~~cal Cn~oup Pf~epa~~ati~tzs, 274 (Academic Press, 1968), and R. C. Larock, CompYelaezasive ~rgafaic Ti~arisforfn.ations, 972ff (VCH, 1989). The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-protic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid may first be converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like, and then reacted with the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide.
The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride can be effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid With a reagent.such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide. The BMD protecting group is then removed and the product is converted into the 21-chloro 17-propionate product, 127.7.
The 1'-substituted pyrazole, 127.3, is coupled, as described above, with a dialkyl aminomethyl phosphonate, 127.8 (Interchim), to afford the amide, 127.9.
The product, 127.9, is then deprotected to give the triol,127.10, and the latter compound is transformed into the 21-chloro 17-propionate,127.11.
Using the above procedures, but employing different amino-substituted phosphonates, and/or different carboxy-substituted hydrazines, the products analogous to 127.7 and 127.11 are obtained. The functionalization procedures are interchangeable between the pyrazole substrates,127.2 and 127.3.

Example 128 o "~ o HO ."~~~ HO
CHZ=CHCHZNHNHz H Me H Me 12f.2 X28.1 . ~ _ _ _~--N~ \ ! F H ~ N ~ ~ / F Hv P(~)(OR~) F 928.2 ~ F 128.3 ~ ~o Br /s~ P(°)(oR~ z ~ ~~
Br 128.4 HO " .,...0, 128.8 HO
NN / F Fi NN ~ / F H 128.9 . ._._ ~ ~ F R3 F R~
(R . ~ l IHO ."~~~OR4 P(O)(OR~)~ 'Y H Me N~ I F 11 (R~ , 128.6: R'=OH, R4=H ~S 128.10: R3=OH, R4=H
128.7: R3=CI, R4=COEt (p(O)(OR~)2 128.11: R3=CI, R4=COEt The ketoaldehyde,126.2, is reacted, as described above, with allyl hydrazine, 128.1, (Zh. Ofg. K7ai~n., 1967, 3, 983) to produce the pyrazoles, 128.2 and 128.3. The 1'-substituted isomer, 128.2, is coupled, as described herein, with a dialkyl 3-bromophenyl phosphonate, 128.4, (Epsilon) to give the phosphonate, 128.5. The product is then deprotected to afford the triol, 128.6, which is converted into the 21-ehloro 17-propionate compound, 128.7.
The 2'-substituted pyrazole, 128.3, is coupled, as described above, with a dialkyl 5-bromo-2-thienyl phosphonate, 128.8, (Syn., 2003, 455) to prepare the phosphonate,128.9, which is deprotected, and the product is converted into the 21-chloro 17-propionate analog,128.11.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the propenyl hydrazine, 128.1, different alkenyl hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl bromo-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 128.7 and 128.11 are obtained.

Example 129 X-R2-CH2Br NH2NH;
126.2 ' 129.2 H 129.1 F
nv ~',u~
~ ~~Me R~ N N N ~ / F H
X H I F CR2 I 129.4 129.3 HOw ~I ,l~"~W Howl~(~"
a R2 N N ~ , F hi N N ~ / F Fi P(O)(OR129.5 F R3 CR ORS 129.6 Ra O O F~OR~ O
HO .."nOR4 HO ..,...OR' H Me , H Me R2 N N ~ o F H N N ~ / F Fi P~O)~OR~)2 F CR2 F
129.7: R3=OH, R4=H ~R10)2~0)P 129.9: R3=OH, R4=H
129.8: R3=CI, R4=COEt 129.10: R3=CI, R4=COEt The ketoaldehyde,126.2, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the pyrazole derivative, 129.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-lcetones with hydrazine is described in J. AnZ. Chem. Soc,1964, ~6, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, 129.2, in which R2 and X are as defined above, to yield the alkylation products, 129.3 and 129.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in T. L. Gilchrist, Hetef~ocyclic Chetraistfy, 309 (Longman, 1992). The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like. The products,129.3 and 129.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 129.5 and 129.6, using the procedures described herein, and deprotectioWchlorination/acylation then affords the 21-chloro 17-propionate compounds, 129. and 129.10.
Exangple 130 o~
°~ I ~ Br OO 00 HO .""~~~ ! ~ HO .... p, HO ~
H Me H Me H I ?-Me 130.1 ~_ N~ I F hi Br N~ I F hi N~
.N ~. .N / N I / F H
H F12 ~ ~ H F F 130.3 9.
HP(O)(OR~)a I s HP(O)(OR~)2 130.2 Rs Br Rs O O
HO .,~~iiOR4 HO ..~nOR4 H Me H Me (R~O)~(O)P NN I ~ F hi NN I / F H
H F .~ ~ F
130.4: R3=OH, R4=H ~P(O)(OR~)~
130.5: R3=CI, R4=COEt 130.6: R3=OH, R4=H
130.7: R3=CI, R4=COEt Following the procedure described in Example 129, the pyrazole, 129.1, is reacted with 2-bromobenzyl bromide, 130.1, to give the pyrazoles, 130.2 and 130.3. The products are then coupled, as described above, with a dialkyl phosphite, to afford, after side-chain deprotection and modification, as described herein, the 21-chloro 17 propionates, 130.5 and 130.7.

Example 131 o-~
0 00 0 ~
Br~O HO ..,~~~0, HO ..,..,0 129.1 ~ H Me H M~
131.1 N° I / F fi f N°
,N ~ / F Fi ,N
H F 131.2 O~ F 131.3 HZNCHZP(O)(OR1 )~ H~NCHZP(O)(OR~ )2 131.8 131.3 n3 H~ - .,~nOR4 1e , H Me N ° ~ r F Fi ~N
HN-' HN~CH P O 1 131.4: R3=OH, R4=H ~HZP(O)(OR~)2 131.6: R3=OH, R4=H
2 ( )(OR )Z 131.5: R3=CI, R4=COEt 131.7: R3=CI, R4=COEt Following the procedure described in Example 129, the pyrazole, 129.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution with 4-bromomethyl cyclohexanone, 131.1, (WO 97137959) to give the allcylation products, 131.2 and 131.3. The 1'-substituted isomer, 131.2, is then reacted, in a reductive amination reaction, with a dialkyl aminomethyl phosphonate, 131.8, (Interchim) and sodium cyanoborohydride, to yield, after deprotection and side-chain modification, the 21-chloro 17-propionate, 131.5.
The preparation of amines by means of reductive amination procedures is described, for example, in R. C. Larock, Coirapy~e7ae~asive OYga~2ic Ti°ansfo~frzations, 421 (VCH, 1989), and in F.A. Carey and R. J.
Sundberg, Advari.ced Ofganic Chemistry, Part B, 269 (Plenum, 2001). In this procedure, the amine component and the aldehyde or lcetone component are reacted together in the presence of a reducing agent such as, for example, borane, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride, optionally in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as titanium tetraisopropoxide, as described in J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55, 2552.
The 2'-substituted pyrazole, 131.3, is subjected to the same series of reaction to give the amine phosphonate, 131.7.

Using the above procedures, but employing different bromomethyl-substituted aldehydes or ketones, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 131.5 and 131.7 are obtained.
~~~ample 132 132.1 HO ,~,~np ~ H Fi 132.2 132.3 A protection-deprotection sequence in which the 20-ketone group of Ciclesonide, 132A, (U.S. Patent No. 5,482,934) is protected to afford the derivative, 132.1. The ketone is protected, for example, by conversion to the cyclic ethylene ketal, by reaction in toluene solution at reflux temperature with ethylene glycol and an acid catalyst, as described in J. Am. Clzezn.
Soc.,1955, 77, 1904. Deprotection is effected by reaction with pyridinium tosylate in aqueous acetone, as described in J. Clzezzz. Soc. Clzezzz. Comnz.,1987, 1351.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected by conversion to the N, N-dimethylhydrazone. The dimethyl hydrazone is prepared by the reaction of the ketone,132A, with N,N-dimethylhydrazine in ethanol-acetic acid, as described in Oz g. Syzz., 1970, 50, 102. The group is removed by treatment with sodium acetate and acetic acid in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, as described in J. Azzz.
Clzezzz.
Soc.,1979, 101, 5841.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected as the diethylamine adduct. In this procedure, the substrate, 132A, is reacted with titanium tetrakis(diethylamide), as described in J. Clzezzz. Soc. Clzezya. Comma., 1983, 406, to afford the adduct. The ketone is deprotected by reaction with water in an aqueous organic solvent.

The protected compound, 132.1, is then converted into the phosphonate-containing analog, 132.2, using the procedures described below, and the protecting group is then removed, as described above, to give the phosphonate, 132.3.
Example 133 OCOPr' OCOPr' X-R~-N H2 133.2 HO .."~~~~0 - HO
H
H H H ,I 'l~~ ~ H hi O / X-R2- / (R10)zP(O)-R~
133.1 133.3 133.4 The protected derivative, 133.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 133.2, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl.or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or arallcyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime, 133.3.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal.
BioclZ., 1978, 86, 133 and in J. Mass. Spectf°ona., 1995, 30, 497. The protecting group is then removed, as described herein, to afford the 20-keto phosphonate product, 133.4. .
Example 133A
(R~O)~P(O)-R~-CH2Lv BOCNH~H (R~O)~P(O)-Rz-CHZONHBOC > (R~O)aP(O)-Ra-CH~ONH2 133.5 133.6 133.7 133.8 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated herein. In this procedure, a phosphonate, 133.5, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 133.6, (Aldrich) to produce the ether, 133.7. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuxan, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 133.8.
The above procedure is also cmploycd for the preparation of substituted hydroxylamines which are precursors to phosphonates.
Example 134 OCOPr' NNMe2 HO
(R~O)2P(O)CHzONH~ H ,''"~O
133.1 133.8 Fi H
(R~O)ZP(O)CH~ON ~ 134.2 (R~O)aP(O)C X34.3 The substrate,133.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone derivative, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 133.8, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyl-oxymethyl phosphonate (Tetrahedron Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 134.2. Deprotection, as described in Example 132, then affords the 20-keto phosphonate, 134.3. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine ether, 133.8, different oxime ethers, 133.2, the corresponding products, 133.4 are obtained.

Example 135 OCOPr' O
Br , HO .,.....0 w I H .",O~
_ _ 13; H H
-~0.~
135.3 CHz=CHP(O)(OF2~ )z B
135.6 1~~ ~ ;
OCOPr P(~)(OR~)z (R~O)z(~ Y / HO ".....~
H , "''O
HP(O)(C O\N / Fi t-1 135.4 135.7: lf=CH=CH
135.5 135.8: Y=(CHz)z The dienone, 133.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone, is reacted, as described above, with O-(4-bromobenzyloxy)-hydroxylamine, 135.1, prepared as described above from 4-bromobenzyl bromide and BOC-protected hydroxylamine,133.6, to give the oxime,135.2.
The protecting group is then removed to yield the 20-keto product, 135.3. The latter product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphate, 135.4, to afford the phosphonate,135.5. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. ChenZ., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed at ca. 100°C in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(0).
Alternatively, the bromo compound, 135.3, is coupled with a diallcyl vinyl phosphonate, 135.6, (Aldrich) to afford the phosphonate, 135.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advaf2ced O~ga~2ic Chemistry 503ff (Plenum, 2001) and in Acc. Chena. Res.,1979, 12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylfonnamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 135.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog,135.8. The reduction of olefmic bonds is described in R. C. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations 6ff (VCH 1989). The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromobenzyl-oxy reagent,135.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different diallcyl alkenyl phosphonates, products analogous to the compounds, 135.5, 135.7 and 135.8 are obtained.
Example 136 OCOPr'(R~p)z(O)P~NHz NNMez O / (R10)z(O)P
HO ,~,~~~0 _ H "e0~ ~ O i 136.1 Fi Fi 133.1 136.2 The substrate, 133.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethylhydrazone, is reacted with a dialkyl 4-amino-2-furyl phosphonate, 136.1, prepared by the palladium catalyzed coupling reaction, as described above, between 4-amino-2-bromofuran (Tetrahedron. Lett., 1987, 43, 3295) and a dialkyl phosphite, to give, after deprotection, the imine product, 136.2.
The imine forming reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-amino-2-furyl phosphonate, 136.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 136.2 are obtained.

Example 137 HOZC(CH~)~ONH~ HO NNMe2 ~ P(O)(OR~)~
13.1 COzH ~,, H N' v 133.gr-~ / = H = 'O~ ~
Oe~ / H H 13.3 13~.~ eOCOPr' H
N O
RIO
( )2( ) O.
137.4 The dienone, 133.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl-hydrazone, is reacted with O-(2-carboxyethyl)hydroxylamine, 137.1, (J. Med.
Chem., 1990, 33, 1423) to yield the oxime, 137.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with substituted hydroxylamines is described in J. Steroid Bioch., 1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The product, 137.2, is then coupled with a dialkyl 4-aminophenyl phosphonate, 137.3, (Epsilon) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, to yield, after deprotection the amide oxime,137.4.
The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in S.R. Sandler and W. Faro; Onganic Functional Gs°oup Preparations 274 (Academic Press, 1968) and R. C. Larock, Comprehensive Organic TYarasfo~°rnatioras 972ff (VCH, 1989). The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-erotic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid may first be converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like, and then reacted with the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide.

The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride can be effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid with a reagent such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert orgauc solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the carboxy-substituted hydroxylamine, 137.1, different carboxy-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, products analogous to 137.4 are obtained.
Example 138 132A~ ,.....0 -~~z T 10H ..3 H ~ Fi ~N''~%~/ (R' O)z(C
138.7 (R~O)z(O)P-Rz 138.6 The dienone,132A, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 138.1.
The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenyl-phosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example as described in J: Med. Chern., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl fonnate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylfonnamide, as described in .I. Ana. Cl~erra. Soc.,1964, 86, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 138.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl X~Re 138.4 OCOPr O
HO. ~I ~,~,~~

hydrazine, 138.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 13.4 and 13.5. The pyrazole-foraning reaction is perforcned between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J. Anz. Claefn. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520. The pyrazoles, 138.4 and 13.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described in Examples 139 and 140, into the phosphonates,138.6 and 138.7.
Example 139 OCOPr' OCOPr' O O
NHNHz HO ".....0 HO H
~ '"'O + . . ' O
HO' v N~ ~ H H ~ HO ~ ~ N ~ H H
138.2 ~N ~ ~ ~N~
139.1 _ 139.2 139.3 (R~O)aCHaCH=CHCHzBr (R~O)ZCH2SH
HO 139.4 OCOPr' 139.6 OC~Pr~
'.""~~nn H
H
Fi~ Fi ~ S~~ ~~N ~ ~ Fi ~ H
)(OR1)z (OR1)a 139.5 139.7 The ketoaldehyde, 138.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-hydroxy-phenyl hydrazine, 139.1, (EP 437105) to give the pyrazoles, 139.2 and 139.3.
The 2'-substituted isomer,139.2, is then reacted in dimethylformamide solution at ca. 70°C with a diallcyl bromobutenyl phosphonate, 139.4, (J. Med.
Chena., 1992, 35, 1371) and potassium carbonate, to yield the ether phosphonate, 139.5.
The isomeric pyrazole, 139.3, is reacted, in a Mitsonobu reaction, with a dialkyl mercaptomethyl phosphonate, 139.6, (.I. Med. Claerra., 1985, 26, 1688) to yield the thioether phosphonate,139.7. The preparation of aromatic ethers and thioethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in R.
C.
Laroclc, Cofraprelaensiue Organic Tf~ansforfnatioyas 448 (VCH, 1989), in F.A.

Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced OYgahic Cherraistfy, Part B 153-4 (Plenum, 2001), and in Ofg. React.,1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the alcohol or thiol component are reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in Org. React., 1992, 42, 335-656.
Using the above procedures, but employing different hydroxy-substituted hydrazines, and/or different bromo- or mercapto-substituted phosphonates, products analogous to 139.5 and 139.7 are obtained.
Example 140 OCOPr' OCOPr' O O
NHNHz HO H .°%~~'O HO ."....0 O + _ H _ ~"'O
N ~ Fi I-I ~ H N ~ ~ N ~_ hi Fi H2N I z 138.2 ~ ~N ~ 140.2 ~ ,N ~ 140.3 140.1 (R~O)zP(O)(CHz)30H
I(R O)zP(O)CHzCOZH
140.6 OCOPr' H: CDl O
HO
H .."~O~
HN ~ ~ N ~ , H Fiv ~N
O
140.7 HN P(O)(OR~ )z P(O)(OR~)z The ketoaldehyde, 138.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-aminophenyl hydrazine, 140.1, (Epsilon) to produce the pyrazoles, 140.2 and 140.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 140.2, is coupled, as described above, with a dialkyl phosphonoacetic acid, 140.4, (Aldrich) and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, to give the amide phosphonate, 140.5.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, 140.3, is reacted with a dialkyl 3-hydroxypropyl phosphonate, 140.6, (Zla. Obsclaei. Khim., 1973, 43, 2364), and carbonyl diimidazole to prepare the carbamate phosphonate, 140.7. The preparation of carbamates is described in Gonap~eherzsive Organic Functional Gnoup Ti~ansfor~fnations, Tool. 6, 416ff (A. R. I~atritzky, ed., Pergamon, 1995) and in S. R. Sandier and W. Karo, Orgaraic Functional GYOUp P~epa~°ations 260ff (Academic Press, 1986). In the procedure, the amine is reacted in an inert aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran, with phosgene or a functional equivalent thereof, such as carbonyl diimidazole, triphosgene, pentafluorophenyl carbonate and the like, to afford the corresponding activated acylayine. The latter compound is then reacted with an alcohol to yield the carbamate.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-amino-phenyl hydrazine, 140.1, different amino-substituted hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl carboxy or hydroxy-substituted phosphonates, products analogous to the compounds, 140.5 and 140.7 are obtained.
Example 141 OCOPr O
z z HO
138.2 NH NH H ,, ~ X-Rz-CH_2Br HN ~ H H ~ 141.2 .N~
141.1 HU .~~~~u~
H
I-I H
z~X 141.4 OCOPr' 141.3 O OCOPr' HO "..~~~~0 O
H 'r~0 HO .,....0 I-I I-I ~ H
-N ~ I-I Fi z2~P(O)(oR')2 (R'o)z(O)P-Rz ,N °
141.6 141.5 The ketoaldehyde, 138.2, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the pyrazole derivative, 141.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Am. Claefn. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, 141.2, in which RZ and X are as defined above, or a reactive bromoheteroaromatic reagent, to yield the alkylation products, 141.3 and 141.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in T. L. Gilchrist, Fletef-~cyclic C'hernistry 309 (Longman, 1992).
The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like.
The products, 141.3 and 141.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkyl-phosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 141.5 and 141.6, using the procedures described herein.
Example 142 BrCHzCOCHzP(O)(OR~)z ,OCOPr' Pr' 142.1 141.; HO
Nr. I s H H H ",~0~ +
141.2 (R~O)z( (O)(OR~)z 141.3 The pyrazole, 141.1, is reacted, as described above, with a dialkyl acetonyl phosphonate, 142.1, (Tetrehedron Lett., 1978, 34, 649) to give the pyrazoles, 141.2 aszd 141.3.

Example 143 COPr .OCOPr' Br / \ Br HO .,~~~,~~~ HO .",....0 141. °'~~ = H = ~ +
143.1 N° ~ H H "' ~~ N ~ hi Fi I
~N ~ 143. ~f~ ~ 1.3.3 ~ B P(O)(~R~)z / Br P(OR1)s OCOPr' Br ~ , i ~ NHa OCOPr HO ..,~~~~~0 143.5 H . ~-"~ HO ""~O
N° Fi .N I / N ~ Fi H
_ .N, s P(O)(OR1)2 ~ S
143.4 N ~ I P(O)(OR~)z 143.6 The pyrazole, 141.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution, with 2,5-bis(bromomethyl)thiophene,143.1, (Tetrahedron Lett., 1999, 55, 4709) and potassium hexamethyl disilazide, to give the alkylation products, 143.2 and 143.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 143.2, is then reacted, in a Arbuzov reaction, with a trialkyl phosphite to yield the phosphonate, 143.4. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Haf~db. ~rgafaoplaosphorus Chena., 1992, 115. In this procedure, in which a bromo substituent is converted into the corresponding phosphonate, the substrate is heated at from about 60°C to about 160°C with a five to fifty-fold molar excess of a trialkyl phosphite, to effect the transformation.
The 2'-substituted pyrazole, 143.3, is reacted at 70°C in dimethylformamide solution with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 3-aminophenyl phosphonate, 143.5, and cesium carbonate, to give the amine phosphonate, 143.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing different dibromides, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, products analogous to 143.4 and 143.6 are obtained.

Example 144 Me ~ Me m~.Na m~.. i Oo4c ORc HO ."~~~~H HO ""~~H
H .""O~Me ~ H .'~"'O~Me / H H ' ~o ~ / Fi Fi 144.2 X44.3 .
A protection-deprotection sequence in which the 20-ketone group of Deflazacort, 144A, (U.S. Patent No. 3,436,389) is protected to afford the derivative,144.1, as shown. The ketone is protected, for example, by conversion to the cyclic ethylene ketal, by reaction in toluene solution at reflux temperature with ethylene glycol and an acid catalyst, as described in J. Am. C7zena.
Soc., 1955, 77, 1904. Deprotection is effected by reaction with pyridinium tosylate in aqueous acetone, as described in J. Chem. Soc. Chena. Comm., 1987, 1351.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected by conversion to the N, N-dimethylhydrazone. The dimethyl hydrazone is prepared by the reaction of the ketone, 144A, with N,N-dimethylhydrazine in ethanol-acetic acid, as described in O~g. Syn., 1970, 50, 102. The group is removed by treatment with sodium acetate and acetic acid in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, as described in J. Am.
Chem.
Soc.,1979,101, 5841.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected as the diethylamine adduct. In this procedure, the substrate, 144A, is reacted with titanium tetrakis(diethylamide), as described in J. Chem. Soc. Chena. Comnz.,1983, 406, to afford the adduct. The ketone is deprotected by reaction with water in an aqueous organic solvent.
The protected compound,144.1, is then converted into the phosphonate-containing analog, 144.2, using the procedures described below, and the protecting group is then removed, as described above, to give the phosphonate, 144.3.

Example 145 OAc OAc OAc [O] X-R2-NHZ [O] O
HO ",....N ~ HO ,..~~~N _ HO ."~,nN
_ '"''O \ Me45.2 ' , , ~ v H ~ / H ' O~Me ' / H _ ,""O~Me Fi Fi Fi hi v Fi Fi ~ i X-RZ-N / (R~O)ZP(~)-R2-N
95.'1 945. 94.5.Q.
The protected derivative, 145.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 145.2, in which RZ is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime, 145.3.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal.
Biocla., 1978, ~6, 133 and in J. Mass. Spectf~om., 1995, 30, 497. The protecting group is then removed, as described herein, to afford the 20-keto phosphonate product, 145.4.
Example 145A
BOCNHOH
(R~O)2P(O)-R~-CH2Lv ~ (R~O)2P(O)-R2-CH~ONHBOC --~ (R~O)~P(O)-R2-CHZONH2 145.5 145.6 145.7 145.8 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated herein. W this procedure, a phosphonate, 145.5, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 145.6, (Aldrich) to produce the ether, 145.7. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 145.8.

The above procedure is also employed for the preparation of substituted hydroxylamines which are precursors to phosphonates.
Example 146 NNMe~
(R1O)zP(~)CHaONH~ HO H
145.1 14- 6'1-~ ~ = . ~~ O Me Me H H
(R'~>~P(~)CH~oN ° (R'~)~P(O>C
146.2 146.3 The substrate, 145.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone derivative, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 146.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyl-oxymethyl phosphonate (Tetralzedrofz Lett.,1986, ~7, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 146.2. Deprotection, as described in Example 144, then affords the 20-keto phosphonate, 146.3. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine ether, 146.1, different oxime ethers, 145.2, the corresponding products, 145.4 are obtained.
Example 147 \ Br UAC \ Br OAc r HO .",~NNMe~ ~ ° ' Hp .",~N
° = H = "'O~Me ~ ~ H .'""O~Me 145.1 ~ O'N ° H H v ~ O'N ° H Fiv Br \ ONH~ 147.2 ° 147.3 CHI=CHCHaP(O)(OR~)~
147.1 \ ( )( )z OAc ~(O)(OR1)a O~7.6 P O ORS
~ \
r H~ ""~~N ~ , HO .......N
H_P(O)(OR~)~ ° _ H = "~~"O~Me ° H ,""O~Me 147.4 a O.N r H H O,nl / Fi Hv 147.5 147.7: Y=CH=CHCHa 147.8: Y=(CHZ)s The dienone,145.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone, is reacted, as described above, with O-(3-bromophenylethoxy)-hydroxylamine, 147.1, prepared as described above from 3-bromophenylethyl bromide (French Patent FR 1481052), and HOC-protected hydroxylamine, 14~~.6, to give the oxime, 147.2. The protecting group is then removed to yield the 20-keto product, 147.3. The latter product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphate, 147.4, to afford the phosphonate, 147.5. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialhyl phosphites is described in.I. Nled. Claem., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed at ca. 100°C in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
Alternatively, the bromo compound,147.3, is coupled with a dialkyl propenyl phosphonate,147.6, (Aldrich) to afford the phosphonate, 147.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in F. A. Carey and R. J: Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry 503ff (Plenum, 2001) and in Acc. Chem. Res., 1979,12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 147.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog,147.8. The reduction of olefinic bonds is described in R. C. Laroclc, Corrapr~elae~,sive Organic T~ansfofnnations 6ff (VCH 1989). The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromophenylethyl reagent,14~7.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, products analogous to the compounds,147.5, 147.7 and 147.f~ are obtained.

Example 148 OAc OAc HEN ~ P(O)(OR~)~ O ORS O ."'ON
"~,~~Me2 I r / ~ )( ~2 H .~-,~O~Me H .'"~O~Me ~~.~ \ ~ , / H H
Fi~hi 145.1 14t~.~
The substrate,145.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethylhydrazone, is reacted with a dialkyl 3-aminophenyl phosphonate, 148.1, (J. Med. Chem., 1984, 27, 654), to give, after deprotection, the imine product, 148.2. The imine forming reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 3-aminophenyl phosphonate, 148.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 148.2 are obtained.
Example 149 NNMe2 ~ P(O)(OR~)2 HO(CH2)20NH2 OH HO H ~~~~~~~ j, H N
145.1 ~ ~ . . "''O Me 2 149.1 O, , ~ H H 149.3 N
149.2 "" _ (R10)2(O)P
O O
HO ",....N
N O , H ~ ~ = H _ "''O~Me O
149.4 The dienone, 145.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethylhydrazone, is reacted with ~-(2-hydroxyethyl)hydroxylamine, 149.1, (J.
Claena. Soc. Chena. Comm., 1986, 903) to yield the oxime, 149.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with substituted hydroxylamines is described in J.
Steroid BioclZ., 1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodimn acetate. The product, 149.2, is then coupled with a dialkyl 4.-aminophenyl phosphonate, 149.x, (Epsilon) and carbonyl diimidazole, to yield, after deprotection, the carbamate oxime, 149.4.
The preparation of carbamates is described in Conaprehettsive ~a~anic B°uftctionczl Group Ta°ansfot~mcztiot2s, Tool. 6, 416ff (A. R.
I~atritzky, ed., Pergamon, 1995) and in s. R. Sandier and ~. Faro, ~~gczyzic Fuftctiof~czl Ga°oup Pf°eparations 260ff (Academic Press, 1986). In the procedure, the amine is reacted in an inert aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran, with phosgene or a functional equivalent thereof, such as carbonyl diimidazole, triphosgene, pentafluorophenyl carbonate and the like, to afford the corresponding activated acylamine. The latter compound is then reacted with an alcohol to yield the carbamate.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxy-substituted hydroxylamine, 149.1, different hydroxy-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 149.4 are obtained.

Example 150 144A X_-Rz-N H fJ H~
a ~ Me 150.3~
150.1 ,OAc 150.2 =O O
.....N HO ...,...N
''O~Me + ~ I . H . .''''O~Me H R~-N ~ Fi Fi y 150.4 150.5 OAc O
H .'"'O~Me ./ Fi" R
(R~O)a(O)P
(R~ O)~(O)P-R~' 150.6 150.7 The dienone, 144A, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 150.1.
The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenyl-phosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example, as described in J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl fonnate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in J. Ana. Claena. Soc., 1964, ~6, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 150.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 150.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 150.4 and 150.5. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in.J. Arn. Claem. Soc., 1964, ~6, 1520. The pyrazoles, 150.4 and 150.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described herein, into the phosphonates, 150.6 and 150.7.

Example 151 HU ,~~~nN
HO2C ~ NHNHz H "w~O~Me+ ~M~
i N ~ ~ / Fi hi 150.2 ~N
151.1 ~ ~ '151.2 (R1~)z~(O)(CHz)3NHz I w P(O)(OF'~)z 151.4. OAc ~ NH2 OAc 151.6 HO~ ~I~~~~N H~~ewl~~N
Me (R'O)z(O
NH(CHz)sP(O)(OR1 )z 151.5 151.7 The ketoaldehyde, 150.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3-carboxyphenyl hydrazine, 151.1, (Apin) to give the pyrazoles, 151.2 and 151.3.
The 2'-substituted isomer,151.2, is then coupled in dimethylformamide solution at ambient temperature with a dialkyl 3-aminopropyl phosphonate, 151.4, (Acros) and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, to yield the amide phosphonate, 151.5.
The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in S.R. Sandler and W. Karo, Organic Functiofaal Group P~epar~ations 274 (Academic Press,1986), and R. C. Larock, Comprehensive Ofganic T~arasfo~mations 972ff (VCH, 1989). The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-erotic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid may first be converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like, and then reacted with the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide.
The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride can be effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid with a reagent such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide.
The isomeric pyrazole, 151.3, is reacted, as described above, with a dialkyl 2-aminophenyl phosphonate, 151.6, (Acros) to yield the amide phosphonate, 151.7.
Using the above procedures, but employing different carboxy-substituted hydrazines, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 151.5 and 151.7 are obtained.
Example 152 H~NHN NHNHa I ~ = H = "''O Me a N~ I / H hiV +
150.2 ~N
152.1 ~ 152.2 HzNH
HaNHN \ ~ (R10)zP(O)CHzCHO (R~O)2P(O)(CHa)sCOzH
152.4 pAc O
HO ~ "....N
1'~~""O~Me Me N~N~CHZP(O)(OR~ )~
H 152.7 152.5 The lcetoaldehyde, 150.2, is reacted, as described above, with 1,3-bis(hydrazino)benzene, 152.1, (Bull. Soc. Chin. F~., 1975, 1371) to produce the pyrazoles, 152.2 and 152.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 152.2, is reacted in tetrahydrofuxan solution at ambient temperature with one molar equivalent of a diallcylphosphono acetaldehyde (Aurora), to give the hydrazone phosphonate, 152.5.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, 152.3, is coupled, as described above, with a dialkylphosphono butyric acid, 152.6, (Epsilon) and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide to prepare the phosphonate, 152.7.

HN-CO(CH~)3P(O)(OR' )~

Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 1,3-bis(hydrazino)phenyl hydrazine, 152.1, different bis hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl formyl or carboxy-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 152.5 and 152.7 are obtained.
example 153 oAc OAc NH~NH~ HO "....N ~_R~_GH~Br HO
150.2 '~ H 1'"~O~Me -,~ H ..i,'/~ Me HN ~ hi Fi 153.2 ~N ~ Fi F-I
~N~ ° X R~ 'N r 153.1 153.3 OAc OAc OAc O O O
+ HO .",~"~N HO ..,....N HO ..."..N
H ...I'/O~Me _" _ _~
N ~ I Fi Fi ~ N ~ I hi Fi rN ~ H hi .N ~ .N ~ (R~O)a(O)P-R~ ,N

R 153.4 R ( 153.5 )~ ' 153.6 The ketoaldehyde, 150.2, is reacted with hydrazine to afford the pyrazole derivative, 153.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Am. Chena. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound 153.2,,,in which RZ and X are as defined above, or a reactive bromoheteroaromatic reagent, to yield the alkylation products,153.3 and 153.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in T. L. Gilchrist, Heter-ocyclic Chemistry 309 (Longman, 1992). The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like. The products, 153.3 and 153.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 153.5 and 153.6, using the procedures described herein.

Example 154 OAc Br(CH~)aP(O)(OR~)~
154..1 153.1 ~ HO "",~fJ J
H .''"O~Me + ~Me N~ I H H
154.2 (R1 O)2(~) ~ ~~..3 )(~R1 )2 The pyrazole, 153.1, is reacted in dimethylformamide solution at 70°C
with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl bromopropyl phosphonate, 154.1, (Synthelec) and cesium carbonate, to give the pyrazoles, 154.2 and 154.3.
Example 155 , ."....N HO "....N
Br ~ i Br HO O O
153.1 N, H H H ,""O~Me + \ H .,'/',O~Me 155.1 .N ~~ 155.2 N'N~ i H H 155.3 \ /
HS(CHz)~P(O)(OR1 )a Br P(OR )3 Br 155.5 ~OAc ,OAc HO. ~I ,1.."
H ~ hi i-N ~ ~ hi ~ hi ""O~Me 155.4 155.6 P(O)(OR~)2 S(CH2)2P(O)(OR~)2 The pyrazole, 153.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofitran solution with 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene, 155.1, and potassium hexamethyl disilazide, to give the alkylation products, 155.2 and 155.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 155.2, is then reacted, in an Arbuzov reaction, with a trialkyl phosphite to yield the phosphonate, 155.4. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Handb.
Organoplaosplaorus Claerrt., 1992, 115. In this procedure, in which a bromo substituent is converted into the corresponding phosphonate, the substrate is heated at from about 60°C to about 160°C with a' five to fifty-fold molar excess of a trialkyl phosphite, to effect the transformation.
The 2'-substituted pyrazole, 155.3, is reacted at 70°C in dimethyl-formamide solution with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl mercaptoethyl phosphonate9 155.5, (~h. Obsehez. Khana., 1973, Q3, 2364) and cesium carbonate, to give the thioether phosphonate, 155.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing different dibromides, and/or different mercapto-substituted phosphonates, products analogous to 155.4 and 155.6 are obtained.
Example 156 Me Me Me O [O] [O]
.,.nOH .....pH _ .,~~~OH
H H ' H
O / I-I I-Iv O / Fi Fi~ A° ~ / H I-Iv 156.1 156.2 Me Me Me Me ~~~~~OH
H
A° ; s H Fi 156.3 Me Medroxyprogesterone,156A, (U.S. Patent Nos. 3,043,832, 3,061,616, and 3,377,364) is protected to afford the derivative,156.1. The ketone is protected, for example, by conversion to the cyclic ethylene ketal, by reaction in toluene solution at reflux temperature with ethylene glycol and an acid catalyst, as described in J. Am. ChenZ. Soc., 1955, 77, 1904. Deprotection is effected by reaction with pyridinium tosylate in aqueous acetone, as described in as described in J. Chena. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1987, 1351.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected by conversion to the N, N-dimethylhydrazone. The dimethyl hydrazone is prepared by the reaction of the ketone, 156A, with N,N-dimethylhydrazine in ethanol-acetic acid, as described in Orb-. Syn., 1970, 50, 102. The group is removed by treatment with sodium acetate and acetic acid in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, as described in J. Aura.
Claena.
Soc.,1979,101, 5841.

Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected as the diethylamine adduct. In this procedure, the substrate,156A, is reacted with titanium tetrakis(diethylamide), as described in J. Chenz. S'oc. Chena. Comm., 1983, 406, to afford the adduct. The ketone is deprotected by reaction with water in an aqueous organic solvent.
The protected compound, 156.1, is then converted into the phosphonate-containing analog,156.2, using the procedures described below, and the protecting group or groups are then removed, as described above, to give the phosphonate,156.3.
Example 157 X-R~-NHz Me Me 157.1 fOl O
.,...,pH ~ .......OH
H ~ H
fi Fi H hi X-Rz- ~ (R~O)2P(O)-R2-N
Me Me 156.1 157.2 157.3 The ketone-protected derivative, 156.1, is reacted with a hydroxylamine or amine, 157.1, in which RZ is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloallcyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone, etc., or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the oxime, 157.2. The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal. Biocla.
1978, ~6, 133 and in J. Mass. Spectrona. 1995, 30, 497. The protecting group is then removed, as described in Example 156, to afford the 20-keto phosphonate product, 157.3.

Example 157A
BOCNHOH
(R~O)ZP(O)-R2-CHZLv ~(R~O)~P(O)-R2-CH20NHBOC >(R~O)ZP(O)-RZ-CHzONH2 157.4 157.5 157.6 157.7 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated herein. A phosphonate,157.4, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxyl-amine, 157.5, (Aldrich) to produce the ether, 157.6. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether,157.7.
The above procedure is also employed for the preparation of substituted hydroxylamines which are precursors to phosphonates.
Example 158 Me Me NNMe2 O
..,...,OH ..,......OH
(R O)~P(O)CH~ONH~ H H
158.1 156.1 ~ Fi H ~ Fi Fi (Ri0)~P(O)CH~ ~ ' (R~O)ZP(O)CHz' Me Me 158.2 158.3 The preparation of phosphonates, in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an iminoxy group is illustrated herein. In this procedure, the substrate,156.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone derivative, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 158.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate (Tetf~a7zedYOrz Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 158.2. Deprotection, as described in Example 156, then affords the 20-lceto phosphonate, 158.3. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.

Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxyl-amine ether, 158.1, different oxime ethers, 157.1, the corresponding products, 157.3 are obtained.
~xmnple 159 Me Me f~ ~ OI~Hz Br Nf~Mez Br t , / "....OH , "~~~~OH
- H- H II H
Br 159.1 N
156.1 ~ O\H~ s H I-I ~'~ , H hi Me Me 159.3 159.2 CHz=CHP(O)(~R~
159.6 ~,.P(O)(OR~)z Me P(O)(OR~)z Me O O
.,.,....pH
.......OH i H
HP(O~)z ~ H N \ I
159.4 N~ = = ' ' H Fi O' N ~ H hi O.N s Me , Me 159.5 159.7: Y=CH=CH
159.8: Y=(CHz)z The dienone, 156.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected. as the dimethyl hydrazone, is reacted, as described above, with O-(5-bromo-3-pyridylmethoxy)-hydroxylamine, 159.1, prepared as described above from 5-bromo-3-bromo-methylpyridine (WO 95/28400) and BOC-protected hydroxylamine,157.5, to give the oxime, 159.2. The protecting group is then removed to yield the 20-keto product, 159.3. The latter product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite, 159.4, to afford the phosphonate, 159.5. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed at ca. 100°C in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
Alternatively, the bromo compound, 159.3, is coupled with a dialkyl vinylphosphonate, 159.6, (Aldrich) to afford the phosphonate, 159.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Orgafzic Chef~aistry 503ff (Plenum, 2001) and in Acc. ClZefrZ. Res., 1979, 12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. ~ptionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 159.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog, 159.8. The reduction of olefinic bonds is described in R. C. Larock, Comzpre7Zerzsive O~~~anic Ti~ansf~rmati~ns 6ff (VCH 1989). The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromopyridyl reagent, 159.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, products analogous to the compounds, 159.5,159.7 and 159.8 are obtained.
Example 160 P(O)(OR~)z , P(O)(OR~)Z
Me HO(CHz)~ONHZ NMez ~ , HN O
OH OH O~O ,~.~~~~pH
160.1 NH2 H
156.'! ~ ~ 160.3 ~ = =
H H
O. CDI O.N i Me 160.2 160.4 The dienone, 156.1, in which the 20-lcetone is protected as the dimethylhydrazone, is reacted with 2-hydroxyethyl hydroxylamine,160.1, (J.
Clzema. Soc. C7Zema. Comma., 1986, 903) to yield the oxime, 160.2. The reaction of unsaturated steroidal ketones with hydroxylamines is described in J. Steroid Bi~ch. 1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The product, 160.2, is then coupled with a diallcyl 4-aminophenyl phosphonate, 160.3, (Epsilon) and carbonyl diimidazole, to yield, after deprotection, the carbamate oxime, 160.4.
The preparation of carbamates is described in Conapr°e7zensive Organic Functional Group Transformations, Tlol. 6, 416ff (A. R. Katritzky, ed., Pergamon, 1995) and in S. R. Sandler and W. Karo, Ofganic Functional Group Preparations 260ff (Academic Press, 1986). In the procedure, the amine is reacted in an inert aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran, with phosgene or a functional equivalent thereof, such as carbonyl diimidazole, ti-iphosgene, pentafluorophenyl carbonate and the like, to afford the corresponding activated acylamine. The latter compound is then reacted with an alcohol to yield the carbamate.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxy-substituted hydroxylamine, 160.1, different hydroxy-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 160.4 are obtained.
Example 161 Me O~ Me 0 O _ O X 161 3NH~
""OH ""OH
H ~ OHC H
H I-I H hiv O ~ O ~ -161.1 Me 161.2 Me Me Me O O
...,~~~~OH .,.,...OH
H + H
N ~ ~ H H~ RZ-N ~ H Fiv ,N i X ,N~ s X-RZ 161.4 M 161.5 Me Me Me O O
."....0 H
.",~~~~OH
H H
N~ ~ H H R~-N ~ H H
~N ~ ~R10)zt0)P ~N~
a (R~O)2(O)P-R 161.6 Me 161.7 Me The enone, 161.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the cyclic ethylene ketal, is reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in J.
ArrZ.
Clze~z. S'oc. 86:1520 (1964), to afford the 2-formyl product, 161.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 161.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like.
The reaction yields, after deprotection of the 20-ketone, the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 161.4 and 161.5. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J Arn. Cdaean.. Soc., 196~~9 f 69 1520. The pyrazoles, 161.4.
and 161.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described herein, into the phosphonates, 161.6 and 161.7.
example 162 Me Me O O
HO2C ~ NHNHZ ........OH ~~~~~~OH
H HOC H
161.2- 162.1 N N ~ a H I-I / \ N,N ~ H H
162.2 Me Me 162.3 C02H HZN(CHZ)ZP(O)(OR~)z / \
162.4 S P(O)(OR~)~
Me 162.6 Me O O
",~~~~pH O "....OH
H HN H
/ \
N~N I ~ H H ~(R10)z(O)P ' S N~N , Fi H
Me Me 162.7 CONH(CH~)~P(O)(OR~)2 162.5 The ketoaldehyde, 161.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3-carboxyphenyl hydrazine, 162.1, (Apin) to give the pyrazoles, 162.2 and 162.3.
The 2'-substituted isomer, 162.2, is then reacted in dimethylformamide solution at ambient temperature with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 2-aminoethyl phosphonate, 162.4, (Aldrich) and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, to give the amide phosphonate,162.5. The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in S.R. Sandler and W. Faro, OTg~anic Fufzctional Groxsp Prepaf-ati~ns 274 (Academic Press, 1968) and R. C. Laroclc, Conapnehensive ~f ganic Tf-ansfof-rnations 972ff (VCH, 1989). The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-protic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF
or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid may first be converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like9 and then reacted with the amine9 in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to aff~rd the amide.
The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride can be effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid with a reagent such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide.
The isomeric pyrazole, 162.3, is reacted, as described above, with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 4-amino-2-thienyl phosphonate, 162.6, prepared by the palladium catalyzed coupling reaction, as described above, between 4-amino-2-bromothiophene (Teti°alaed~on Lett., 1987, 43, 3295) and a dialkyl phosphite, to give the amide phosphonate, 162.7.
Using the above procedures, but employing different carboxy-substituted hydrazines, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 162.5 and 162.7 are obtained.
Example 163 Me Me O O
Br ~ NHNHZ H .~~~~OH Br H ,~~~~~OH
i 163.1 N/ ~ , H H + ~ ~ N \ / f-1 H
161.2 ~ ~N - 163.2 ,N/
Me 163.3 Me gr ~ / HP(O)(OR~)a ' CHI=CHP(O)(OR~)a 163.4 163.6 Me Me O O
H ."....OH (R~O)a(O)P-~' H ""~~~~H
N,N ~ / H f-1 ~ ~ N,N / hi Fi Me Me 163.5 163.2: i° =CH=CH
(O)(OR~)z 163.8: Y = (CHz)z The ketoaldehyde, 161.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3-bromophenyl hydrazine, 163.1, (Fluka) to produce the pyrazoles, 163.2 and 163.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 163.2, is then coupled, as described above, with a dialkyl phosphite, 163.4, to afford the phosphonate, 163.5.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, 163.3, is coupled, as descuibed above, with a dialkyl vinylphosphonate, 163.6, (Aldrich) and a palladium catalyst to prepare the vinyl phosphonate, 163.7. Optionally, the product is reduced, as described above, to give the analog, 163.8.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of tlae bromophenyl hydrazine, 163.1, different bromo-substituted hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 163.5 and 163.7,163.8 are obtained.
Example 164 Me Me O O
161.2 NHz~ H .~tl"IOH X-Rz-CHzBr H ,.....OH
HN ~ Fi I-I 164.2 _N ~ t1 I-I
~N~ ~ X-Rz ~N
164.1 Me 164.3 Me Me Me Me O O O
."~~~nOH
,.....pH H
...,....OH
H
H
N~ I H H _ N~ I H H~ ~N ~ Fi I-I
.N / ,N / _ I z .N i Me CRz.X Me CRz-P(O)(OR~)z ( ~ )z( ) RO OP
164.4 164.5 164.6 The ketoaldehyde, 161.2, is reacted with hydrazine to afford, after deprotection of the 20-lcetone, the pyrazole derivative, 164.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-fonnyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Arra. Chem.
Soc., 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature.
The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, 164.2, in which R2 and X are as defined above, or a reactive bromoheteroaromatic reagent, to yield the alkylation products, 164.3 and 164.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in T. L. Gilchrist, Hete~ocyclic Chemistry, 309 (Longman, 1992). The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like. The products, 164.3 and 164.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 164.5 and 164.6, using the procedures described herein.
Example 165 Me Me BrCHZP(O)(OR~ )2 O O
165.1 .,.~~~~0H ,.,....OH
164.1 H + H
NA ~ H H ~N, , Fi f-1 ~N ~ (R~O)z(O)P N
(R~O)a(O)PJ Me Me 165.2 165.3 The pyrazole, 164.1, is reacted in dimethylformamide solution at 70°C
with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 4-bromomethyl phosphonate,165.1, (Lancaster) and lithium hexamethyl disilazide, to give the pyrazoles, 165.2 and 165.3.
Using the above procedures, but employing different bromo-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 165.2 and 165.3 are obtained.
Example 166 O ~ Me ~ Me O O
Br~ ,~"~~~pH ",~~~~pH
_ H H
164.1 166.1 N~ ~ H H + N \ Fi hi ,N ~ 166.2 ~N~ ~ 166.3 Me ' Me -VH~NCH2P(O)(OR~)2 p H~NCH2P(O)(OR~)~
Me 166.5 Me 166.5 /~p ~O
~,'1,~~~~OH ~( ,~~OH
( )~ N N ~ / H Fi N N , Fi Fi OR~ Me ~ Me H HN
166.4 ~.P(O)(~R~)2 166.6 The pyrazole, 164.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution with 4-bromomethyl cyclohexanone, 166.1, (WO 97/37959) and potassium hexamethyl disilazide, to give the alkylation products, 166.2 and 166.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 166.2, is then reacted, in a reductive amination reaction, with a dialkyl aminomethyl phosphonate, 166.5, (Interchim) and sodium triacetoxy borohydride, to yield the amine phosphonate, 166.4. The preparation of amines by means of reductive amination procedures is described, for example, in I~.
C.
Larock, C~rn~aYelaerasive ~r~-artic T~ansfof~~raati~ns 421 (VCH) and in F.A.
Carey and I~. J. S~.mdberg, Advanced ~r~anic Chenaistay, Part B, 269 (Plenum, 2001).
In this procedure, the amine component and the aldehyde or ketone component are reacted together in the presence of a reducing agent such as, for example, borane, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride, optionally in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as titanium tetraisopropoxide, as described in J. Of g. Chem., 1990, SS, 2552.
The 1'-substituted pyrazole, 166.3, is converted by the same reaction into the isomeric amine phosphonate, 166.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing different bromo-substituted aldehydes and ketones, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, products analogous to 166.4 and 166.6 are obtained.
Example 167 OH p~ O~
O
HO "~~npH HO ..,~~,0, ' HO
H ~~.~nMe _ _ H ,~nMe H .,nMe O ~ CI f-1 O ~ CI H ~, CI Fi Ao 167A 167.1 167.2 OH CI
HO .,~~nOH HO "~np w H .~~~Me H .~nMe _ O O II
CI I-I -' ~ CI I-i O
A A
167.5 167.3 \O~ C(OEt)3 167.6 167.4 9 ex-Chloro-16c~-methyl-11 ~3,17~, 21-trihydroxypregn-1,4-dien-3, 21-dione, 167A, (LT.S. Patent No. 4,472,393) is reacted with parafonnaldehyde and an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, as described in Protective Gf°oups in OYganic Synthesis, by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p.
223, to yield the BMD derivative, 167.1. The phosphonate moiety is then introduced, using the procedures described below, to produce the phosphonate ester, 167.2. The BMD moiety is then hydrolysed, for exaanple by treatment with 50% aqueous acetic acid, as described in Pf~otective Gf°oups in Orgaaaic Synthesis, by T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley, Second Edition 1990, p.
223, to afford the triol, 167.3. The latter compound is then converted into the 17,21-cyclic orthoester, 167.5, using the procedure described in CIZenZ.
PlaarnZ.
Pull., 1986, 34, 1613. The substrate is reacted in dimethylformamide at 70°C
with two molar equivalents of triethyl ortho; 2-furoate, 165.4, (~h. Ofg.
Klaina., 1980, S0, 1348) and a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonc acid. The product is then reacted with an excess of trimethylsilyl chloride in dimethylformamide at ambient temperature to produce the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) product, 167.6.
Alternatively, the substrate, 167.3, is converted into the product, 167.6, by means of the method described in J. Med. Chena., 1987, 30, 1581. In this procedure, the 21-hydroxy group is activated by conversion to the 21-mesylate, by reaction with mesyl chloride in pyridine; the mesylate group is then displaced to yield the 21-chloro intermediate, by reaction with lithium chloride in dimethylformamide, and the 17-hydroxyl group is esterified to give the 21-chloro-17-(2-furoate) derivative,167.6. The selective acylation of the 17a-hydroxyl group in the presence of an 11(3 hydroxyl group is described in J.
Med.
Claenz., 1987, 30, 1581.
Example 168 O~ ~ O~

O
HO ..,~u0~ X-RZ-NHZ HO ."~np~ HO ~"mOR4 H w~~Me _ H w~~Me , H w~~Me CI Fi 168.1 ' ' / CI Fi ~ / CI H
~ /
(R~o)2P(~)-R~-N / (R~~)~P(O)-R2-N /
167.1 168.2 168.3 R3=~H, R4=H
168.4 R3= CI, R4=CO-2-furyl The BMD-protected derivative, 167.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 168.1, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal.
Bi~ch.,1978, ~6, 133 and in J. Mass. Spect~ona., 1995, 30, 497. The BMD-protected side-chain compound, 168.2, is then converted into the triol, 168.3, and then to the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) product, 168.4, as described herein.
R~O)zP(O)-RZ-CH2Lv BOCNHOH (R~O)zP(O)_Rz-CH~ONHBOC ~ (R~O)ZP(O)-RZ-CH20NH2 168.5 168.6 168.7 168.8 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is illustrated herein. In this procedure, a phosphonate, 168.5, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 168.6, (Aldrich) to produce the ether, 168.7. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether,168.8.
Example 169 O OO (R~O)ZP(O)CHZONH~ O 00 R"
HO ..~~n0~ 169.1 HO ..~~n0, HO OOR4 H w~Me ~ H °~~Me ~ H w~Me GI Fi / ~ GI Fi R10~~~0 ~ CI hi O ~ (R~O)2P(O)CH~ON ~ R O ~N~
167.1 169.2 169.3 R3=OH, R4=H
169.4 R3= GI, R4=CO-2-furyl The substrate, 167.1, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine,169.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyloxymethyl phosphonate (Tet. Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 169.2. Deprotection then affords the triol, 169.3, from which the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) compound, 169.4, is prepared, using the procedures described in Example 167. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine ether, 169.1, different oxime ethers, 167.1, the corresponding products, 169.4 are obtained.
Example 170 O Br O I ONH HO
HO z O
"~n ,.,....OH
H .,nMe N _ Br H '~~uMeHE'(O)(OR1)z '>
CI hi 170.1 N \ ~ O' ~ ~ CI f-1 170.3 O N
167.1 170.2 CH2=CHP(O)(OR~)~
R3 R3 170.6 HO ."~~OR4 Y-P(O)(OR~)~O ,~~OR4 P(O)(OR )a H ,~~nMe H "°~~Me N \ I O. ~ / CI H ~ ~ O' ~ / CI H
N v N v v 170.4: R3=OH, R4=H 170.7 Y = CH=CH, R3=OH, R4=H
170.5: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl 170.8 Y = CH=CH, R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl 170.9 Y = (CH~)2, R3=OH, R4=H
170.10 Y = (CH~)a, R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl The dienone,167.1, is reacted, as described above, with O-(5-bromo-3-pyridylmethoxy)hydroxylamine, 170.1, prepared as described above from 5-bromo-3-bromomethylpyridine (EP 511865) and BOC-protected hydroxylamine, 168.6, to give, after deprotection of the side-chain, the oxime, 170.2. The product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite, 170.3, to afford the phosphonate, 170.4. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in .I. Med. Clzerra., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed at ca. 100°C in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(0). The 21-hydroxy compound, 170.4, is then converted, as described in Example 167, into the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) derivative, 170.5.
Alternatively, the bromo compound, 170.2, is coupled with a dialkyl vinyl phosphonate,170.6, (Aldrich) to afford the phosphonate,170.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in F. A. Caret' and R. J. Sundberg, Aclvafaced Orgafaic CherlZlsta~y, 503ff (Plenum, 2001) and in Acc. Chena. Res., 1979, 12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the double bond present in the product,170.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog,170.9.
The reduction of olefmic bonds is described in R. C. Larock, Co~zpr~ehensive O~gaf2ic T~ansforrraatiof~s, 6ff (VCH, 1989). The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
The products, 170.7 and 170.9, are then converted into the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) analogs, 170.8 and 170.10.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromopyridylmethoxy reagent,170.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different diallcyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 170.5, 170.8 and 170.10 are obtained.
Example 171 P(O)(OR~ )2 O
HO .,."~~~OR~
H2 ~R~O)2(O)P / / H . .~nMe 171.1 ~ GI H
N
167.1 171.x: R3=~H, R4=H
171.3: R3=CI, R~=CO-2-furyl The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an imino group is illustrated herein. In this procedure, the substrate, 167.1, is reacted with a diall~yl 4-aminophenyl phosphonate, 171.1, (Epsilon) to give, after deprotection, the imine product, 171.2. The imine forming reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions. The product is then converted into the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) compound, 171.3.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-aminophenyl phosphonate,171.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 171.3 are obtained.
Example 172 O O O 00 w P(O)(OR~)z O
.. n ~ i HO ..,~~~0, HzN(CHz)zONHz NH HO ' O OHC
H .,uMe ~ z H ~.,nMe s . . 172.1 ~ ~ CI H 172.3 CI H O'N
O
167.1 172.2 P(O)(OR~)z P(O)(OR~)z w O~ ~ w Rs p0 .
O
HO ..".,O HO
...~~~OR
H ~ - H - .~~~Me H ~ - H - .~nMe i O. , CI Fiv O. ~ ~/ CI H
N N
172.4 172.5: R3=OH, R4=H
172.6: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl The dienone, 167.1, is reacted with O-(2-aminoethyl)hydroxylamine, 172.1, (Pol. J. Chenz., 1981, 55, 1163) to yield the oxime, 172.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-then-3-ones with substituted hydroxylamines is described in J.
Steroid Bioch., 1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The product is then reacted, in a reductive amination procedure, with a diallcyl 4-fonnylphenyl phosphonate,172.3, (Epsilon) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride, to yield the amine oxime 172.4. The preparation of amines by means of reductive amination procedures is described, for example, in R. C. Larock, Co>'rzp~ehensive Ofganic Transfo~°naatiohs, 421 (VCH), and in F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advayaced O~~afaic Cherazistny, Part B, 269 (Plenum, 2001). In this procedure, the amine component and the aldehyde or ketone component are reacted t~gether in the presence of a reducing agent such as, for example, borane, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride, optionally in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as titanimn tetraisopropoxide, as described in J: Orb-. G'he>ya., 1990, 55, 2552.
The amine product, 172.4, is then converted, as described herein, into the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) product, 171.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxylamine, 172.3, different amino-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different formyl-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 177.6 are obtained.
Example 173 o~
o0 00 HO ..,~np HO ...... , 167.1 ~ H "~~M~HC H " Me CI Fi CI Hv O
O
173.1 173.2 173.4 O~ O~ O~
Ho ....off ,HO .....off H~
+ H .~nMe H _ .,nMe H ,~nMe Rz-N ~ CI hi Rz-N ~ CI Fi N~ ~ CI hiV
X ~N ~ (R~O)z(O)P ~N~ ~ ~N
R
173.5 173. R3 P(O)(OR~)z 1738.6 O O
HO ..,~~~OC_2_furyl HO ..,~~~OCO-2-furyl H _ .,nMe H ..nMe Rz-N ~ GI H N~ ~ CI H
(R~O)z(O)P ~N~ ~ ~N
173.10: R3=OH .P(O)(~R~)z 173.8: R3=OH
173.11: R3=CI 173.9: R3=CI
The BMD-protected dienone, 167.1, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 173.1. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example as described in J.
Med. Cherra., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in.I. Arn. Claern. S~c., 1964, 86, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 173.2. This compound is then reacted with an aryl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 173.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is diall~ylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the life. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 173.4 and 173.5. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J. Am. Chew. Soc., 1964, 86, 1520. The pyrazoles, 173.4 and 173.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described herein, via the BMD-protected intermediates, 173.6 and 173.7, into the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) phosphonates,173.9 and 173.11.
Example 174 NHNH '-'v .,~~np H
2 H ..nMe \
Br ~ N~ ~ CI H N ~ Cl H
173.2 17~ 'N / + - ~N~
174.3 174.2 Br / ~ HP(0)(OR~)z Br HP(O)(OR~)2 O ~ R3 O, L
~~~~Me H .~nNle H .,nMe w NN ~ , CI H _ NN ~ , CI H N,N~ , CI H
173.7 / \ / \ (R~O)~(O)P
P(~)(OR~)2 P(O)(~R~)z ~ R3 HO .,~~~OR4 173.4 173.5: R3=OH, R4=H H .,nMe 173.6: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl ~
i-N GI H
~ 173.8: R3=OH, R4=H
(R~O)2(O)P 173.9: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl The ketoaldehyde,173.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-bromo-benzyl hydrazine,174.1, (Aran.,1968, 717, 104) to give the pyrazoles,174.2 and 174.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 174.2, is then coupled, as described in Example 170, with a dialkyl phosphite, to yield the ph~sphonate,173.4. The EhID protecting group is then removed and the product is converted into the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) product, 173.6.
The isomeric pyrazole, 174.3, is subjected to the same series of reactions to afford the isomeric product, 173.9.
Using the above procedures, but employing different bromo-substituted hydrazines, the products analogous to 173.6 and 173.9 are obtained.
Example 174 o~ o~

HO I ~ HO ..,~n0, HO
174.1 H _ ~~~~Me H ~~~~Me 173.2 HO ~ ~ N,N ~ CI H + NN ~ , CI Hv 174.2 _ 174.3 ~R1~)2OH2)2Br o~ ~ ~ ~R~~)4~$H2)O~
174.4 ,._ . ) HO . ~ ) ~N N_ ~ CI H N N ~ , CI Fi ~R~r, ,.., ~-.-_~. _ ~ I i , 174.9 (R~
~ (R~
174.6: R'=OH, R"=H
174.7: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl ~R~O)2(O)P~
The ketoaldehyde,173.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-hydroxy-phenyl hydrazine, 174.1, (EP 437105) to produce the pyrazoles,174.2 and 174.3.
The 1'-substituted isomer, 174.2, is reacted in dimethylformamide at 70°C, with a dialkyl 2-bromoethyl phosphonate, 174.4, (Aldrich) and potassium carbonate, to give the ether phosphonate, 174.5. The product is then deprotected to afford 174.10: R3=OH, R4=H
174.11: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl the triol, 174.6, which is converted into the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) compound, 174.7.
Alternatively, the 2'-substituted pyrazole, 174.3, is coupled, in a lVlitsonobu reaction, with a dialkyl 2-mercaptoethyl phosphonate, 174~.~, (Zla.
Obsclaei. Klaim., 19739 43, 2364) to prepare the thioether phosphonate, 174.9, which is deprotected, and the product is converted into the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) analog, 174.11. The preparation of aromatic ethers and thioethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in R. C. Larock, C~mRrehensive Organic Transfor~ysnations, 448 (VCH, 199), and in F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part B, 153-4 (Plenum, 2001) and in Org. React., 1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the alcohol or thiol component are reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and a triaryl-phosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in Org. React., 1992, 42, 335-656.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-hydroxy-phenyl hydrazine, 174.1, different hydroxy-substituted hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl bromo- or mercapto-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 174.7 and 174.11 are obtained.

Example 175 o-v NHzNHz H~ ",np, ~(_Rz_CHZBr HO ..,...p, HO
173.2 ~ H w~~Me H ~~~Me H w~~Me 175.6 . r + .
N~ ~ CI Fi .-N~ ~ GI Fi N~ ~ GI hi .N / Rz °N / °N
H 175.1 ~ H 175.3 CRz 175.x.
c~.. X ~ ~<.
H
~.,nMe H .,nMe Fi N~ ~ GI hi Rz 'H -~%W/ ~N~%W/
P(~)(~R~)z CR? _, .__ 175..5 R3 HO .,.~npR' H .~~~Me 1e RZ N N ~ ~ CI
P(0)(OR~)z (R~
175.7: R3=OH, R4=H 175.9: R°=OH, R4=H
175.8: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl 175.10: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl The ketoaldehyde,173.2, is reacted with hydrazine, to afford the pyrazole derivative, 175.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Arra. Chefn. Soc, 1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, 175.6, in which R2 and X are as defined above, or a reactive bromoheteroaromatic reagent, to yield the alkylation products, 175.3 and 175.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in T. L. Gilchrist, Heter°oc~clic Claenaistry, 309 (Longman, 1992).
The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like.
The products, 175.3 and 175.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkyl-phosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 175.5 and 175.6, using the procedures described herein, and deprotection/chlorination/acylation then affords the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate) compounds, 175. and 175.10.
- 32~ -Example 176 O p Br N\ O 00 O' 00 HO ..,...~, N~ r HO .."~~0, HO
H ~~~~Me 176.1 H ~"~Me H ~~~~Me N w' N~ I CI hi Br~ ~~---N~ I CI Fi N~ I CI Fi w / ni N / 'N
N~ 176.3 175.1 176.2 N
H H HP(O)(OR )~
HP(O)(OR~)2 3 ~ / R3 R Br O O
H~ ..~,nOR4 H~ ."nOR4 H_ ~~~~Me H ~'~~Me (R1O)2(~)P--~N NN I / GI H NN I / CI H
H N~N
176.4: R3=OH, R4=H ~ ~ 176.6: R3=OH, R4=H
176.5: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl (R~O)2(O)P 176.7: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl The pyrazole, 175.1, is reacted with 2,5-dibromopyrimidine, 176.1, (Clzefn. Lett., 1992, 583) to give the pyrazoles, 176.2 and 176.3. The products are then coupled, as described above, with a dialkyl phosphite, to afford after side-chain deprotection and modification, as described above, the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoates),176.5 and 176.7.
Example 177 Br~Br HO ..,~np HO
H ~"~Me H
175.1 ~ . . = =
177.1 ~N~ ~ CI H + Rr~ N~ I CI H
B r' ~ H
177.2 177.3 R3 . Rs HP(O)(OR~)Z HP(O)(OR )2 O
O
HO ,. 0R4 177.8 HO .",~~pR4 177.8 " "
H _, w'~Me H ~'~Me N~ I / CI H (R~O)2(O)P N~ I , CI hiv (R~O)2(O)P~ 'H ~N
_ ~ ~ R3=OH R4=H
177.4: R OH, R H 177.6. , 177.5: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl 177.7: R3=CI, R4=CO-2-furyl The pyrazole, 175.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution, with 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclobutane,177.1 (J. Org. Chena., 1981, 46, 3530) and potassium hexamethyl disilazide, to give the alkylation products, 177.1 and 177.2. The 1'-substituted isomer, 177.2, is then reacted, in an Arbuzov reaction, with a trialkyl phosphite to yield, after deprotection and side-chain modification, the 21-chloro 17-(2-furoate), 177.5. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Hazzdb. Organophosplzorus Clzenz., 1992, 115. In this procedure, in which a bromo substituent is converted into the corresponding phosphonate, the substrate is heated at from about 60°G to about 160°G with a five to fifty-fold molar excess of a trialkyl phosphite, to effect the transformation.
The 2'-substituted pyrazole, 177.3, is subjected to the same series of reaction to give the amine phosphonate, 177.7.
Using the above procedures, but employing different dibromides, the products analogous to 177.5 and 177.7 are obtained.
Example 178 OH [OH] [OH]
O [O] [O]
HO ..~~~p HO .~~n0 HO
Prn~ H , O Prn ~ H , O Prn O / Fi Fiv O ~ hi hiv A° ~ // hi Fiv 178A [OH] 178.1 178.2 O
HO .,~n0 n -~_ H , O Pr Ao r ./ H FiV
178.3 A protection-deprotection sequence in which the 20-ketone group and/or the 21-hydroxyl group of Budesonide,178A, are protected to afford the derivative, 178.1. The lcetone is protected, for example, by conversion to the cyclic ethylene lcetal, by reaction in toluene solution at reflux temperature with ethylene glycol and an acid catalyst, as described in J. Am. Clzem. Soc.,1955, 77, 1904. Deprotection is effected by reaction with pyridinium tosylate in aqueous acetone, as described in J. Chezn. Soc. Clzem. Cozzzzn.,1987, 1351.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected by conversion to the N, N-dimethylhydrazone. The dimethyl hydrazone is prepared by the reaction of the ketone, 178A, with N,N-dimethylhydrazine in ethanol-acetic acid, as described in Ozg. Syn., 1970, 50, 102. The group is removed by treatment with sodium acetate and acetic acid in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, as described in .I. Am.
Ch.ezn.
Soc.,1979,101, 5841.

Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected as the diethylamine adduct. In this procedure, the substrate,178A, is reacted with titanium tetrakis(diethylamide), as described in J. Chem. Soc., Claem. Conarn.,1983, 406, to afford the adduct. The ketone is deprotected by reaction with water in an aqueous organic solvent.
The 21-hydroxyl group is protected, for example, by conversion to the acetate ester, by reaction with one molar equivalent of acetyl chloride in dichloromethane/pyridine. The 21-acetoxy group is removed by reaction with one molar equivalent of lithium hydroxide in aqueous dimethoxyethane.
Alternatively, the 21-hydroxyl group is protected by conversion to the tert. butyl dimethylsilyl ether, by reaction in dimethylformamide solution with one molar equivalent of tent. butylchlorodimethylsilane and imidazole, as described in J. Am. ClZenj.. Soc.,1972, 94, 6190. The silyl ether is removed by reaction with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran solution, as described in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 6190.
The protected compound, 178.1, is then converted into the phosphonate-containing analog, 178.2, using the procedures described below, and the protecting group or groups are then removed, as described above, to give the phosphonate, 178.3.
Example 179 OH OH OH

HO ,. ~~~ 179.2' HO ~~~ HO O
p ,~~~~~0 _ H 1"'~O~Pr" H "'''~O~Pr" ~ H ,'"~O~Pr"
/ / -v / -"
Fi H Fi Fi hi Fi O / X-R2-N s (R'O)ZP(O)-R2-N /
179.1 179.3 179.4 The ketone-protected derivative,179.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 179.2, in which RZ is an allcyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating ' a heteroatom O, S or N, and ~ is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime, 179.3.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in A»ezl.
BioclZ., 1978, ~6, 133 and in J~ lllezs.s. S'pectr~cra~., 1995, 30, 497. The protecting group is then removed, as described herein, to afford the 20-keto phosphonate product, 179.4.
Example 179A
RIO P O -Rz-CH Lv BOCNHOH (R~~ P ~ -Rz-CH ONHBOC 1 z ( )z ( ) z )z ( ) z ~ (R O)zP(O)-R -CHzONHz 179.6 179.5 179.7 179.8 The preparation of hydroxylamine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is also illustrated. In this procedure, a phosphona~e, 179.5, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 179.6, (Aldrich) to produce the ether,179.7. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylfonnamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether,179.8.
The above procedure is also employed for the preparation of substituted hydroxylamines which are precursors to phosphonates.
Example 180 OH
NNMez (R~O)~P(O)CHZONH2 HO ....up O
180.1 H .'"~O~Pr" W
179.1 ~
Fi Fi (R~O)zP(O)CHzON ~ (RIO
180.2 180.3 The substrate, 179.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone derivative, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 180.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethylsulfonyl-oxymethyl phosphonate (Tet. Lett., 1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 180.2. Deprotection, as described in Example 179, affords the 20-keto phosphonate, 180.3. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxyl-amine ether, 10.1, different oxime ethers, 179.2, the corresponding products9 179.4 are obtained.

Example 181 OH OH
ONHz NNMe2 O
a Br HO "",~~0 a Br HO ......p Br ~ ~ a H 1'"~~~Pr" ~ ~ / H ."'~O~Pr"
181.1 17.1-,- ~~ ~ / Fi hi O' ~ / H Fi 181.2 181.3 GHZ=CHP(O)(OR~)~
OH 181.6 OH
~.OR~ ~ F(~)(~R~)2 ~ HO .,~"~~~ / Y HO ,.,....0 HP(O)(OR~.~z / ~ OR H .,,~~~~ " ~ H ,'-n~~Pr"
181.481.4 ~ a a Fi Fi O'N / Fi H O.N a 181.7: Y=CH=CH
181.5 181.8: Y=(CH~)z The preparation of compounds, 179.1, in which the phosphonate group is attached by means of a benzyloxy oxime group is illustrated above. In this procedure, the dienone, 179.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone, is reacted, as described above, with O-(2-bromobenzyl)hydroxylamine, 181.1, prepared as described above from 2-bromobenzyl bromide and BOC-protected hydroxylamine, 179.6, to give the oxime, 181.2. The protecting group is then removed to yield the 20-lceto product, 181.3. The latter product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphite,181.4, to afford the phosphonate, 181.5.
The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Chern., 1992, 35, 1371.
The reaction is performed at ca. 100° in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
Alternatively, the bromo compound, 181.3, is coupled with a dialkyl vinylphosphonate, 181.6, (Aldrich) to afford the phosphonate,181.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heclc reaction is described, for example, in Advanced ~f ganic Chemistry, by F. A. Carey and R. J.
Sundberg, Flenum, 2001, p. 503ff and in Ace. Chem. Res., 1979,12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethyl-formamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 181.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog, 181.8. The reduction of olefmic bonds is described in C~nap~elaefzsive ~s~ezn.ie T°r~z~ZSf~a'rnerti~tls, by I~.
C. Larock, VCI~, 1989, p. 6ff. The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, or by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromobenzyl reagent, 181.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxylamines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 181.5, 181.7 and 181.8 are obtained.
Example 182 OH , OH
P~O)tOR1)2 NNMe2 I ~ O
HO "~~~~p H N / HO
z H = ,.I~~O~Pr ~R~O)2O)P / / H '~~~~O~P~' 182.1 O / 11 Fi ~ N Fi Fi 171.1 182.2 The substrate, 171.1, in which the 2.0-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone, is reacted with a dialkyl 4-aminophenyl phosphonate,182.1, (Epsilon), to give, after deprotection, the imine product, 182.2. The imine forming reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-amino-phenyl phosphonate, 182.1 different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 182.2 are obtained.

Example 183 OH O OH
~(OH2)2P(O)(OR1)2 NH NNMez HN O O
HO .,.~in0 HO ,~~~ii0 171. ~ H .."~~P~n H .., H2N(CHZ)4ONH2 ~ Fi Fi ~ / Fi Fiv 183.1 O'IV ~ HO(OH2)2F(O)(~R~)z ~'~j 183.2 183.3 183.4 ODI
The preparation of phosphonates in which the phosphonate is attached by means of an oximino group and a carbamate linkage is illustrated herein. In this procedure, the dienone, 171.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethylhydrazone, is reacted with 4-aminobutyl hydroxylamine, 183.1, (Pol. J.
Chem., 1981, SS, 1163) to yield the oxime, 183.2. (The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with hydroxylamines is described in J. Steroid Bioch.,1976, 7, 795.) The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The product, 183.2, is then coupled with a dialkyl 2-hydroxyethyl phosphonate, 183.3, (Epsilon) and carbonyl diimidazole (CDI), to yield, after deprotection, the carbamate oxime, 183.4. The preparation of carbamates is described in Cof~apf°elzensioe ~rgaraic Functional Gf°oup T~ansfoYnzations, A. R. Katritzky, ed., Pergamon, 1995, Vol. 6, p 416ff, and in Organic Functional Group Preparations, by S. R. Sandler and W. Karo, Academic Press, 1986, p. 260ff. In the procedure, the amine is reacted in an inert aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran, with phosgene or a functional equivalent thereof, such as carbonyl diimidazole, triphosgene, pentafluorophenyl carbonate and the like, to afford the corresponding activated acylamine. The latter compound is then reacted with an alcohol to yield the carbamate.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the amino-substituted hydrazine,183.1, different amino-substituted hydrazines, and/or different hydroxy-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 183.4 are obtained.

Example 184 [OH] [OH]
O O X-Rz-NHNHz 178.3 HO ,~,mp ~ H~ ""~~ip 184.3 s H ,"'~~~Pr" OHG H ~''~~~Pr"
_r Fi Fi Fi Fi v O / O
X' ".
OH
O
HO ..".,.0 HO
H .'"~O~Pr" H ,~~"O~Pr"
N ~ ~ H hi Rz-N ~ Fi Fi ~N ~ (R~O)z(O)P ~N
(R~O)z(O)P~Rz 184:6 184.7 The dienone, 178.3, in which the 21-hydroxyl group is protected as described in Example 178 is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 184.1.
The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenyl-phosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example as described in J. Med. CIZem., 2001, 44, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl fonnate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylfonnamide, as described in J. Ana. Clzem. Soc.,1964, ~6, 1520, to afford the 2-fonnyl product, 184.2. This compound is then reacted with an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 184.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields, after deprotection of the 21-hydroxyl group, the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 184.4 and 184.5. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in .I. Ana. Claena.
Soc.,1964, ~6, 1520. The pyrazoles, 184.4 and 184.5, are then transformed, for example by the procedures described in Examples 180 and 181, into the phosphonates, 184.6 and 184.7.

Example 185 OH OH
O
NHNHz HO ."...0 HO .,....0 H ,~''~~~Pr" + - H _ ".,/'~~P
Br ~.1 N ~ ~ H H Br ~ ~ N ~_ ~ H H v 184.2 -L 'N N
185.2 185.3 P(O)(~R~ )z HP(O)(OR~ )z 185.4. \
Br OH 185.6 OH
O O
HO ""n~ HO ,.,.."O
H ''''~O~Pr" H ~"~O~E'r"
N~ ~ H H ~ ~ N \ Fi Hv 'N / (R~o)2(~)P~~ ~N
185.5 185.7 (R
The ketoaldehyde, 184.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-bromophenyl hydrazine, 185.1, (J. Organomet. Chem., 1999, 62, 581) to give the pyrazoles, 185.2 and 185.3. The 2'-substituted isomer 185.2 is then reacted, as described above, with a dialkyl phosphate,184.4, to give the phosphonate, 185.5.
The isomeric pyrazole,185.3, is reacted in a Heck reaction, as described above, with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 4-vinylphenyl phosphonate, 185.6, (Macf°omolecules, 1998, 31, 2918) to yield the phosphonate, 185.7.
Using the above procedures, but employing different bromo-substituted hydrazines, and/or different alkenyl-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 185.5 and 185.7 are obtained.

Example 186 OH OH
O O
H ,""O~Prn + H
NHNHz HO ",~~n~ HO
/
HO 186.1 N~ I H H HO ~ ~ N ~ H H
~ ~N / '~ /
184.2 186.2 186.3 Br(CHz)aP(O)(ORi)z H~(CHz)zP(O)(~R~)z 186.4 OH 186.6 OH
O O
MHO ".,...~ HO
H ,'''~O~Pr" H ,"''O'~Pr'n hi H S ~ ~ N \ H Fiv 'N I / 'N /
RIO O
)z( ) 186.5 186.7 ~ )z The ketoaldehyde, 184.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-hydroxy-phenyl hydrazine,186.1, (EP 437105) to produce the pyrazoles, 186.2 and 186.3.
The 2'-substituted isomer,186.2, is then reacted in dimethylfonnamide solution at 70° with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl bromopropyl phosphonate, 186.4, (J. Aznez°. Chem. Soc., 2000,122, 1554) and cesium carbonate, to give the ether phosphonate, 186.5.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, 186.3, is coupled in a Mitsonobu reaction, with a dialkyl 2-mercaptoethyl phosphonate, 186.6, (Zh.
Obschei. Klzizn., 1973, 43, 2364) to prepare the thioether phosphonate, 186.7.
The preparation of aromatic ethers and thioethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in Gonzpr~eherasive Organic T>"ansformatiorzs, by R. C. Larock, VCH, 1989, p. 448, and in Advanced Organic Chenzistzy, Part B, by F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Plenum, 2001, p. 153-4 and in Org.
React.,' 1992, 42, 335. The phenol and the alcohol or thiol component are reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a diallcyl azodicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine, tb afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in Org. React., 1992, 42, 335-656.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxyl-phenyl hydrazine, 186.1, different hydroxyaryl hydrazines, andlor different dialkyl bromo- or mercapto-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 186.5 and 186.7 are obtained.
Example 187 OH OH
O O
HO ... ~n HO ".n 184.2NH2NH2 > H ..., ~ n ~-~2-~HZBr ' O
' O Pr > H _ ''''~p~Pr" +
HN ~ Fi hiv 187.2 ~N ~ Fi Fi Ra ~N
187.1 187.3 OH OH OH
O
HO ,~~~0 HO .."~~~p HO ~00 H '.~"'O~Pr" - H - _ .~~~O~Pr" H ,'''~p~Pr"
_ N~ ~ H Fi ~N ~ hi hi N~N I / H H N / ~R~O)2~0)P-Ra 'N~
'R2-PO)OR1 )2 187.4 187.6 187.5 The ketoaldehyde, 184.2, is reacted with hydrazine to afford the pyrazole derivative, 187.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-fonnyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1964, ~6, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, 187.2, in which RZ and X are as defined above, or a reactive bromoheteroaromatic reagent, to yield the alkylation products,187.3 and 187.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in Heterocyclic Chemistry, by T. L. Gilchrist, Longman, 1992, p. 309. The reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the lilce. The products, 187.3 and 187.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 187.5 and 187.6, using the procedures described herein.

Example 188 P(O)(OR1)2 OH
Br I / O
188.1 H~
187.1 H
Ns _ _ hi Fi ,N
(R10)2(O)P / ~ 'I~~.a (R1 The pyrazole, 187.1, is reacted in dimethylformamide solution at 70°
with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 4-bromomethylphenyl phosphonate, 188.1, (Tet., 1998, 54, 9341) and lithium hexamethyl disilazide, to give the pyrazoles, 188.2 and 188.3. Using the above procedures, but employing different bromomethyl-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 188.2 and 188.3 are obtained.
Example 189 OH
O
HO
Br~Br H .,.,'/O~Pr" Pr"
187.;>
189.1 N~ I / Fi Fi N 189.2 P(OR )3 ~ R10 P O CH NHMe ( )2 ( ) a OH
189.5 hi ~ Fi 189.6 The pyrazole, 187.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution with 1,3-Pr"
bis(bromomethyl)cyclopentane, 189.1, (Bull. Soc. Clzizn. Ff~., 1975, 1295) and sodium hydride, to give the alkylation products, 189.2 and 189.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 189.2, is then reacted, in a Arbuzov reaction, with a trialkyl phosphite to yield the phosphonate, 189.4. The Arbuzov reaction is described in Flandb. Ozgazzoplzosplzorus Clzem., 1992, 115. In this procedure, in which a bromo substituent is converted into the corresponding phosphonate, the substrate is heated at from about 60° to about 160° with a five to fifty-fold molar excess of a trialkyl phosphite, to effect the transformation.
The 2'-substituted pyrazole, 189.3, is reacted at 70° in dimethyl-formamide solution with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl methylaminomethyl phosphonate,189.~, and cesium carbonate, to give the amine phosph~nate, 189.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing different dihalides, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 189.4 and 1f~9.6 are obtained.
Example 190 Me Me Me O [O] [O]
HO .,~nMe HO .,~nMe ~ HO ...uMe H
~~Me / H ~~Me H ~~Me O s Fi Fi V O / H Fi~ A° ; '/ Fi H
190A Me 190.1 190.2 O
HO .,~~~Me ' H ~~Me A° ; / hi f-Iv 190.3 A protection-deprotection sequence in wluch the 20-ketone group of Rimexolone, 190A, is protected to afford the derivative,190.1. The ketone is protected, for example, by conversion to the cyclic ethylene ketal, by reaction in toluene solution at reflux temperature with ethylene glycol and an acid catalyst, as described in J. Am. C7zem. Soc., 1955, 77, 1904. Deprotection is effected by reaction with pyridinium tosylate in aqueous acetone, as described in J. Chem.
Soc., Claem. Comna.,1987, 1351.
Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected by conversion to the N, N-dimethylhydrazone. The dimethyl hydrazone is prepared by the reaction of the ketone, 190A, with N,N-dimethylhydrazine in ethanol-acetic acid, as described in ~fg. Syn., 1970, S0, 102. The group is removed by treatment with sodium acetate and acetic acid in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, as described in,I. Am.
CJaem.
Soc., 1979, 101, 5841.

Alternatively, the 20-ketone is protected as the diethylamine adduct. In this procedure, the substrate, 190.1, is reacted with titanium tetrakis-(diethylamide), as described in J. Claem. S~c., Clzenz. Cofyam., 1983, 406, to afford the adduct. The ketone is deprotected by reaction with water in an aqueous organic solvent.
The protected compound, 190.2, is then c~nverted into the phosphonate-containing analog,190.3, using the procedures described below, and the protecting group or groups are then removed, as described above, to give the phosphonate, 190.3.
Example 191 X-Rz-NHz Me [O] 191.1 [O]
~~M~ HO ,.~~~nMe Me Vle H ~"'Me 1e Fi Fi X_Rz_N / ~R~O)zP~O)_Rz 190.1 191.2 ' 191.3 The ketone-protected derivative, 190.1, is reacted with an amine or hydroxylamine, 191.1, in which R2 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, or a functional group such as an amide, ester, oxime, sulfoxide or sulfone etc, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl group, optionally incorporating a heteroatom O, S or N, and X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently converted into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and the like. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an aprotic solvent such as pyridine or xylene, or in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give the imine or oxime, 191.2.
The preparation of oximes of steroidal 3-ketones is described in Anal.
Bi~cla., 1978, 86, 133 and in .I. Mass. Spectrorra., 1995, 30, 497. The protecting group is then removed, as described in Example 190, to afford the 20-keto phosphonate product, 191.3.

Example 191A
(R~O)ZP(O)-RZ-CH~Lv B~CNHOH ~ 2 1 2 (R O)~P(O)-R -CH20NHBOC ~ (R O)2P(O)-R -CHZONHZ
191.5 191.4 191.6 191.7 The preparation of hydroxylalnine ethers incorporating a phosphonate group is also illustrated. In this procedure, a phosphonate, 191.4, in which Lv is a leaving group such as bromo or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, is reacted with BOC-hydroxylamine, 191.5, (Aldrich) to produce the ether, 191.6. The reaction is conducted between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar solvent such as dimethylforlnamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide or dimethylaminopyridine. Deprotection, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, then gives the hydroxylamine ether, 191.7.
The above procedure is also employed for the preparation of substituted hydroxylamines which are precursors to phosphonates.
Example 192 NMe2 (R~O)ZP(O)CHZi Me 192.1 1e 190.1 -(RIO (R~O)~P
192.2 192.3 The substrate, 190.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone derivative, is reacted with a dialkyl phosphonomethyl hydroxylamine, 192.1, prepared as described above from a dialkyl trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl-oxymethyl phosphonate (Tet. Lett.,1986, 27, 1477) and BOC-hydroxylamine, to afford the oxime, 192.2. Deprotection, as described in Example 191, then affords the 20-keto phosphonate, 192.3. The oxime forming reaction is performed at ambient temperature in ethanol-acetic acid solution between equimolar amounts of the reactants.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the hydroxyl-am111e ether, 192.1, different oxime ethers, 191.1, the corresponding products, 191.3 are obtained.

Example 193 Me Me ONHz Br NNMez Br O
o HO .",~~nMe , HO ..,.~~~~Me Br 193.1 W I , H ~."Me ~ ~ / H ""Me 19~.1~ ~\ / / Fi Fi ~' / / Fi Fi N N
193.2 193.3 CHz=CHCHzP(O)(OR~)z 193.6 Me Me P(O)(OR~)z Y.P(O)(OR~)z ~ HO
HO ......Me / ..~~~~~Me HP(O)~ / I H .~,I/,Me W I H ~,~"'Me 193.4 ~ / - . / -Fi Fi O'N / H H O.N /
193..5 193.7: Y=CH=CHCHz 193.8: Y=(CHz)3 The dienone, 190.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethyl hydrazone, is reacted, as described above, with O-(3-bromobenzyl)hydroxyl-amine, 193.1, prepared as described above from 3-bromobenzyl bromide and BOC-protected hydroxylamine,191.5, to give the oxime, 193.2. The protecting group is then removed to yield the 20-keto product 193.3. The latter product is then reacted, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkyl phosphate, 193.4, to afford the phosphonate, 193.5. The preparation of arylphosphonates by means of a coupling reaction between aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites is described in J. Med. Chena., 1992, 35, 1371. The reaction is performed at ca.
100°C in an inert solvent such as toluene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0). , ' Alternatively, the bromo compound,193.3, is coupled with a diallcyl propenylphosphonate,193.6, (Aldrich) to afford the phosphonate, 193.7. The coupling of aryl halides with olefins by means of the Heck reaction is described, for example, in F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Ofgahic Chemistry, 503ff (Plenum, 2001) and in Acc. Claef7a. Res., 1979, 12, 146. The aryl bromide and the olefin are coupled in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxan, in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or potassium carbonate. Optionally, the styrenoid double bond present in the product, 193.7, is reduced, for example by reaction with diimide, to produce the saturated analog, 193.8. The reduction of olefinic bonds is described in R. C. Larock, Cornp~°ehen.sive OYgafaic Ty~ansfof~mations, 6ff (VCH, 1989). The transformation is effected by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example using a palladium on carbon catalyst and hydrogen or a hydrogen donor, ~r by the use of diimide or diborane.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the bromobenzyl reagent, 193.1, different bromo-substituted aryl or heteroaryl alkoxy hydroxyl-amines, and/or different dialkyl alkenyl phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 193.5, 193.7 and 193.8 are obtained.
Example 194 Me NHZ
HO NNMe~ (R~O)2(O)P O
~~~~nMe (R~O)2(O)P
"'Me > _ 194.1 190.1 194.2 The substrate, 190.1, in which the 20-ketone is protected as the dimethylhydrazone, is reacted with a dialkyl 4-amino-2-furyl phosphonate, 194.1, prepared by the palladium catalyzed coupling reaction, as described above, between 4-amino-2-bromofuran (Tet., 1987, 43, 3295) and a diallcyl phosphite, t~ give, after deprotection, the imine product, 194.2. The imine forming reaction is conducted in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene, at reflux temperature, in the presence of a basic catalyst such as sodium methoxide, or an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, under azeotropic conditions.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the 4-aminofuryl phosphonate, 194.1, different amino-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phosphonates, products analogous to 194.2 are obtained.

Example 195 P(o)(~R');
H~2C(GH~)~ON
195.1 I / ~Me 190.1 ~ NHS
195.2 195.3 195.4 The dienone, 190.1, in which the 20-lcetone is protected as the dimethylhydrazone, is reacted with 2-carboxyethyl hydroxylamine, 195.1, (.I
Med. Chem., 1990, 33, 1423) to yield the oxime, 195.2. The reaction of steroidal 1,4-dien-3-ones with hydroxylamines is described in J. Stet°oid Bioch., 1976, 7, 795; the reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in a polar organic solvent such as pyridine or methanol, optionally in the presence of acetic acid or sodium acetate. The product, 195.2, is then coupled with a dialkyl 4-aminophenyl phosphonate, 195.3, (Epsilon) and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, to yield, after deprotection, the amide oxime, 195.4. The preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and derivatives is described, for example, in S.R.
Sandler and W. Faro, OrgafZic Fusactio~zal Group P~epa~atiohs, 274 (Academic Press, 1968), and R. C. Larock, Comp~~el2efzsive OygafZic Transfof°matio~rs, 972ff (VCH, 1989). The carboxylic acid is reacted with the amine in the presence of an activating agent, such as, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide, optionally in the presence of, for example, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxypyridone, in a non-protic solvent such as, for example, pyridine, DMF or dichloromethane, to afford the amide.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid may first be converted into an activated derivative such as the acid chloride, anhydride, mixed anhydride, imidazolide and the like, and then reacted with the amine, in the presence of an organic base such as, for example, pyridine, to afford the amide.
The conversion of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding acid chloride can be effected by treatment of the carboxylic acid with a reagent such as, for example, thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane, optionally in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the carboxy-substituted hydroxylamine, 195.1, different carboxy-substituted hydroxylamines, and/or different amino-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 195.4 are obtained.
Exaanple 196 Me Me O ~ X-Rz-NHNHz HO ,.,....Me HO .",~~~Me 196.3 H ~"'Me OHC H "''Me Fi Fi Fi Fi O ~ O
196.1 .Me 196.2 ,Me ,......Me H~ "~~~nMe H ""Me + H ~"'Me Fi Fi Rz-N \ Fi H
X~Rz 196.4 ~ ~ ' 196.5 Me O
HO .,~,~~~Me a H ""Me Rz-N \ Fi Fi (R~O)z(O)P ~N
(R~O)z(O 196.7 The dienone, 190A, is reduced to afford the 1,2-dihydro product, 196.1.
The catalytic hydrogenation reaction is effected by the use of tris(triphenyl-phosphine)rhodium (I) chloride, for example as described in J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44:, 602. The product is then reacted with ethyl formate and a base such as sodium hydride, in an inert solvent such as toluene or dimethylformamide, as described in J. Ayra. CheTn. 8oc.,1964, 86, 1520, to afford the 2-formyl product, 196.2. This compound is then reacted with an allcyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl hydrazine, 196.3, in which the substituent X is either a phosphonate group or a group which is subsequently transformed into a phosphonate-containing substituent. For example, X is dialkylphosphono, bromo, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl and the like. The reaction yields the isomeric 2'- and 1'-aryl pyrazoles, 196.4 and 196.5. The pyrazole-forming reaction is performed between equimolar amounts of the reactants in an acidic solvent such as acetic acid, as described in J. Am. Che~ra. Soc.,1964, ~6, 1520. The pyrazoles, 196.4 and 196.5, are then transformed, for example, by the procedures described in Examples 192 and 193, into the phosphonates, 196.6 and 196.7. ~ptionally, the reduction and formylation reactions are performed on the substrate, 1°0.19 in v~l~ich the 20-ketone is protected as the cyclic ethylene ketal.
Example 197 HO ~ NHNH~ HO .~~~~~nMe ~Me "''Me + 1e ~ N ~ ~ Fi Fi 196.2 19~ ~N
_ 197.2 197.3 Br(CHa)2P(O)(OR~)~ HO(CH~)sP(O)(OR~)z OH 197.4 Me Me 197.6 HO .,~~~Me (CH2)aP(O)(OR1)~ HO ",OMe ,~'"Me O H 11~"'Me N N ~ / Fi Fi ~ ~ N,N / / Fi hi 197.5 197.7 O(CH2)zP(O)(OR1)a The ketoaldehyde, 196.2, is reacted, as described above, with 3-hydroxy phenyl hydrazine, 197.1, (JP 03011081) to give the pyrazoles,197.2 and 197.3.
The 2'-substituted isomer, 197.2, is then reacted in dimethylformamide solution at 70° with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 2-bromoethyl phosphonate, 197.4, (Aldrich) and potassium carbonate, to give the ethoxy phosphonate, 197.5.
The isomeric pyrazole, 197.3, is reacted in a Mitsonobu with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 3-hydroxypropyl phosphonate,197.6, (Zla. Obschei.
Khin2., 1974, 44, 1834) to yield the phosphonate, 197.7. The preparation of aromatic ethers by means of the Mitsonobu reaction is described, for example, in 1~. C. Laroclc, C~naprehensive ~3ga3llc Ta°ansfoy~nzatioras, 448 (NCH, 199), and in F.A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chenaist~, Part B, 153-4 (Plenum, 2001) and in Ofg. React., 1992, 4~, 335. The phenol and the alcohol or thiol component are reacted together in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuxan, in the presence of a dialkyl azodicarboxylate and a triarylphosphine, to afford the ether or thioether products. The procedure is also described in Org. React., 1992, 42, 335-656.
Using the above procedures, but employing different hydroxy-substituted hydrazines, aald/or different bromo or hydroxy-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 195.5 and 197.6 are obtained.
Example 198 NHNHz Me Me O O
HO .,~~~Me HO .,~~~Me HzN 188.1 H ~~Me + _ _ H ~~Me 196.2 ~ N N I / H H HzN ~ / N\N ~ H Fi 198.3 198.2 HzN ~ ~ P(O)(R~O)z Br(CHz)3P(O)(OR~ )z H0~198.6 198.4 Me ~ Me O O
HO .,~~~Me HO ..,.,Me H y H '~Me H ~ . _ Me N\ ~ / H H O~N ~ / N.N ~ H H
N
O
198.5 ~ 198.7 HN ~ ~ ~
~ (R O)z(O)P
~P(O)(OR~ )z The ketoaldehyde, 196.2, is reacted, as described above, with 4-amino-phenyl hydrazine, 198.1, (Syn. Conam., 1974, 4, 57) to produce the pyrazoles, 198.2 and 198.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 198.2, is then reacted in dimethylformamide solution at 70° with one molar equivalent of a diallcyl 3-bromopropyl phosphonate, 198.4, (J. Amef°. Clzef~a. Soc., 2000,122, 1554) and cesium carbonate, to give the amine phosphonate, 198.5.
Alternatively, the 1'-substituted pyrazole, 198.3, is coupled with a dialkyl 4-hydroxymethylphenyl phosphonate,198.6, (U.S. Patent No. 5,569,664) and carbonyl diimidazole to prepare the carbamate phosphonate, 198.7. The preparation of carbamates is described in Conapreherasive Organic Functional Group TYansfo~matiofzs, A. R. Katritzky, ed., Pergamon, 1995, Vol. 6, p 416ff, and in Orgazzic Fuhctiozzal Group Preparatiozzs, by S. R. Sandler and W. Karo, Academic Press, 1986, p. 260ff. In the procedure, the amine is reacted in an inert aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran, with phosgene or a functional equivalent thereof, such as carbonyl diimidazole, triphosgene, pentafluoroplaenyl carbonate and the like, to afford the corresponding activated acylamine. The latter compound is then reacted with an alcohol to yield the carbamate.
Using the above procedures, but employing, in place of the aminophenyl hydrazine, 198.1, different amino-substituted hydrazines, and/or different dialkyl bromo or hydroxy-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to the compounds, 198.5 and 198.7 are obtained.
Example 199 Me Me O O
NH2NHz HO "~~~~Me ~ HO ,~~~~~~Me 196.2 ~ H "'~~~Me ~~r H 1 ""Me 199.2 ' w HN~ r s H H r-N H H
N X_R2 ,N
199.1 199.3 Me Me O O
Me HO ."....Me HO
",....Me 1e H ~~''Me H ,"''Me N ~ ~ f-i Hv ~-N ~ Fi Fi (R~O)~(O)P-R~ ~N~ i 'R2-P(O)(OR~ )a 199.4 199.6 199.5 The ketoaldehyde, 196.2, is reacted with hydrazine to afford the pyrazole derivative, 199.1. The reaction of steroidal 2-formyl-3-ketones with hydrazine is described in J. Am. Clze3zz. Soc.,1964, 86, 1520. The reaction is performed in acetic acid at ambient temperature. The pyrazole product is then reacted with a bromomethyl compound, 199.2, in which R2 and X are as defined above, or a reactive bromoheteroaromatic reagent, to yield the alkylation products, 199.3 and 199.4. The alkylation of substituted pyrazoles is described, for example, in l~eteroe~clic Clzezzzistzy, by T. L. Cailchrist, Longman, 1992, p. 309. The reaction is perfonned between equimolar amounts of the substrates in a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base such as dimethylaminopyridine, lithium hexamethyldisilazide and the like. The products, 199.3 and 199.4, are, except in cases where X is dialkylphosphono, converted into the phosphonates, 199.5 and 199.6, using the procedures described herein.
Example 200 Me Me BrCH2CH=CHCHaP(O)(OR~)~ O O
200.1 HO .,~~~nMe HO ",~~~~Me 199.1 ---~ H ~-~~Me + H ~'"Me N,N ~ / H H~ (R~O)2(O)P~N \ ~ hi hi N
(R~O)~(O)P 200.2 ~ , 200.3 The pyrazole, 199.1, is reacted in dimethylfonnamide solution at 70°C
with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl 4-bromobutenyl phosphonate, 200.1, (J.
' Med. Claem., 1992, 35, 1371) and lithium hexamethyl disilazide, to give the pyrazoles, 200.2 and 200.3.
Using the above procedures, but employing different bromo-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 200.2 and 200.3 are obtained.
Example 201 Me O O
Br HO .,.~~nMe Br Me 199.1 ----~ H ~~"Me 201.1 N ~ ~ / I-i hi ,N 201.2 Br O P(OR~)s ~Me (R~O)aP(O)CHZSH I MP
1e 201.6 The pyrazole,199.1, is reacted in tetrahydrofuran solution with 2,5-bis(bromomethyl)furan, 201.1, (Tet., 1999, 55, 4709) and potassium hexamethyl disilazide, to give the alkylation products, 201.2 and 201.3. The 2'-substituted isomer, 201.2, is then reacted, in a Arbuzov reaction, with a trialkyl phosphite to yield the phosphonate, 201.4. The ~rbuzov reaction is described in Handb.
~r~araoph~sphorus Ghena., 1992, 115. In this procedure, in which a bromo substituent is converted into the corresponding phosphonate, the substrate is heated at from about 60° to about 160° with a five to fifty-fold molar excess of a trialkyl phosphite, to effect the transformation.
The 1'-substituted pyrazole, 201.3, is reacted at ambient temperature in dimethylformamide solution with one molar equivalent of a dialkyl mercapto-methyl phosphonate, 201.5, (J. Med. Claem.,1985, 26, 1688) and cesium carbonate, to give the thioether phosphonate, 201.6.
Using the above procedures, but employing different dihalides, and/or different mercapto-substituted phosphonates, the products analogous to 201.4 and 201.6 are obtained.
Example 202 link-P(O)RE Rz X-link-P(O)R~R2 Derivatives of the C-21 primary hydroxy grbup of the type, 202.1, are readily prepared by alkylating triamcinolone acetonide, 202A, with the appropriate phosphonate as shown.

Example 203 P~ OEt O ' 7Et OEt-P~OTf ~Et P~aH, ~fVIF

After chemoselective extraction of the primary hydroxy proton of compound, 202A, using one equivalent of sodium hydride, the phosphonate triflate is added to provide the ether, 203.1.
Example 204 20~A LU4.1 X-link-P(O)RE R2 R~ R2(i R30 R~ R2(O)P'-ink F T H
204.2 204.3 The primary hydroxy group is masked by an appropriate protecting group. After alkylation at the secondary hydroxy moiety of, 204.1, with a leaving group-attached phosphonate and subsequent deprotection, desired analog, 204.2, is obtained.
Example 205 TBSCI, imid ~MF
GVJ. L
z02A ~ Et0-~P~~Tf ~Et NaH, ~MF
v TBAF
THF
205.7 205.6 Triamcinolone acetonide, 202A, is chemoselectively protected as its silyl ether using the standard TBSCI and imidazole conditions (J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1972, 94, 6190). Alkylation at the exposed secondary hydroxy group with sodium hydride and the phosphonate triflate furnishes the intermediate, 205.6.
Final TBAF deprotection of the silyl ether affords the desired product, 205.7.
Example 206 202A -° °'-OHC-link-P(O)RE R2 link-P(O)RE R2 206.2 Fhosphonate derivatives of the acetal are readily prepared from acidic hydrolysis of triamcinolone acetonide, 202A, to the diol, 206.1, as illustrated in Scheme 3.1. Acetylization of the diol with a phosphonate aldehyde furnishes the desired acetal, 206.2.
Example 207 60 - 80°/~ AcOH
202A _ . ._ O O ~
H~~~ O"COOEt OPh HC104,THf 0 ~
P-O"COOEt OPh i7_2 Triamcinolone acetonide, 202A, is first hydrolized in aqueous acetic acid. (Can. J. Claem. 1983, 61, 634) The resulting diol, 207.1, is acetalized with the phosphonate aldehyde and perchloric acid, affording the acetal, 207.2 (J.
Med. Chefn. 1996, 39, 4888-4896).
Example 208 HO X-link-P(O)R~R2 R~R2(O)P-link O
IO~
..,.....
i Fi H
O ~ , H Fi 208.1 Derivatization at the C-11 hydroxy group is accomplished through alkylation of rimexolone, 208A, with the appropriate phosphonate, furnishing analogs of the type, 208.1.

O
O Et0-~P~OTf ~ O
HO OEt Et0-P
".,... ~ ~O
H NaH, DMF Et0 H .",...
Fi Fi ~
O ~ / I-I Fi 20~A O 20.2 After sodium hydride extraction of the hydroxy proton in, 20~A, diethyl phosphonate triflate is added to afford ether, 20.2.
~xax~xple 209 HO O
HO S~F H
H ..,.....
F Fi O ~ D9.1 HS-link-P(O)RE R2 H2N-link-P(O)RE R2 nk-P(O)RE R2 Mink-P(O)RE R2 09.3 Derivatives of the carbonyl at C-17 are readily prepared from saponification of fluticasone, 209A, to the carboxylic acid, 209.1. Activation of the carboxylic acid, followed by reaction with thiophosphonate or aminophos-phonate nucleophile furnishes the desired thioester, 209.2, and amide, 209.3, respectively.

Example 210 HO O
HO O S~F HO OH
HO H .."...
H .."". 4COH, acetone / F Fi ~%~ ~ ~ ~ 209.1 F
209A GDI, ~MF;
C~I, ~MF, O H2N~
HS~P-OEt P-OEt OEt OEt O
ii O ~ ~P-OEt HO HO S°\/OE~Et IH OEt H
O , F H 210.1 210.2 F
F
Fluticasone, 209A, is first saponified with potassium hydroxide in acetone. (SyfatIZesis, 2002, 921-927) The resulting carboxylic acid, 209.1, is activated to the carboxylic acid imidazole by the addition of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI] (J. Med. Chew. 1994, 37, 3717-3729). Treatment with the thiophosphonate affords thioester, 210.1. Magnesium ethoxide may be added to help enhance the reactivity (Tetralaed~on Lett. 1981, 22, 3245-3246).
Alternatively, the carboimidazole intermediate derived from, 209.1, can be reacted with the aminophosphonate to produce amide, 210.2.
Example 211 O RtR2(O)P-link HO O
HO HO S~F O S~F
H ..,.,..
H .",... ~ i r F Fi F H O
~ / 211.1 F

The less sterically hindered C-11 hydroxy group is selectively allcylated with the appropriate phosponate to give analogs of formula, 211.1.

Example 212 ' F O S~F
EtO-P~OTf OEt i~aH, ~(V1F
209A 212.1 After regioselective extraction of the C-11 hydroxy proton in, 209A, using one equivalent of sodium hydride, the phosphonate triflate is added to provide the ether, 212.1.
Example 213 HO O O
HO S's~F ' R30 HD g~F
H .,.... H
.."...
i -----~ , O , F H O ~ F H
209A - 213,1 F
X-link-P(O)RE R2 R~ R2(O
F R~ R2(O)P-lin R30'~/~\~S~F
H ....
H ' ~I.
213.3 213.2 The C-l l,hydroxy group is masked by an appropriate protecting group.
After alkylation at the C-17 hydroxy moiety of, 213.1, with a leaving group-attached phosphonate and subsequent deprotection, desired analog, 213.3, is obtained.

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Claims (118)

1. A conjugate comprising an immuno-modulatory compound linked to one or more phosphonate groups; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
2. The conjugate of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, that is a compound of any one of formulae 500-547 substituted with one or more groups A0, wherein:
A0 is A1, A2 or W3 with the proviso that the conjugate includes at least one A1;
A1 is:
A2 is:
A3 is:
Y1 is independently O, S, N(R x), N(O)(R x), N(OR x), N(O)(OR x), or N(N(R x)(R x));
Y2 is independently a bond, O, N(R x), N(O)(R x), N(OR x), N(O)(OR x), N(N(R x)(R x)), -S(O)M2-, or -S(O)M2-S(O)M2-; and when Y2 joins two phosphorous atoms Y2 can also be C(R2)(R2);
R x is independently H, R1, R2, W3, a protecting group, or the formula:
wherein:
R y is independently H, W3, R2 or a protecting group;
R1 is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
R2 is independently H, R1, R3 or R4 wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups or taken together at a carbon atom, two R2 groups form a ring of 3 to 8 carbons and the ring may be substituted with 0 to
3 R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, R3b, R3c or R3d, provided that when R3 is bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3c or R3d;
R3a is F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -NO2;
R3b is Y1;
R3c is -R x, -N(R x)(R x), -SR x, -S(O)R x, -S(O)2R x, -S(O)(OR x), -S(O)2(OR x), -OC(Y1)R x, -OC(Y1)OR x, -OC(Y1)(N(R x)(R x)), -SC(Y1)R x, -SC(Y1)OR x, -SC(Y1)(N(R x)(R x)), -N(R x)C(Y1)R x, -N(R x)C(Y1)OR x, or -N(R x)C(Y1)(N(R x)(R x));
R3d is -C(Y1)R x, -C(Y1)OR x or -C(Y1)(N(R x)(R x));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
R5 is R4 wherein each R4 is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
W3 is W4 or W5;
W4 is R5, -C(Y1)R5, -C(Y1)W5, -SO M2R5, or -SO M2W5;

W5 is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein W5 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R2 groups;
W6 is W3 independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 A3 groups;
M2 is 0, 1 or 2;
M12a is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
M12b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, M1a, M1c, and M1d are independently 0 or 1; and M12c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
3. The conjugate of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, which has the formula:
[DRUG]-(A0)nn wherein:
DRUG is a compound of any one of formulae 500-547; and nn is 1, 2, or 3.
4. The conjugate of claim 2 which has any one of formulae 1-151 wherein:
one A0 is A1; each X50 is independently hydrogen, F, Cl, CF3, CN, methyl, or tert-butyl;
X51 is hydrogen, halo, trifluoromethyl, (C1-C3)alkyl, cyano, or (C1-C3)alkoxy;
X52 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, or trifluoromethyl;
X53 is -O-, or -S-;
X54 and X55 are independently selected from hydrogen or a C1-C18 acyl;
X56 is hydrogen, a C1-C18 acyl, or or X54 is hydrogen and together X55 and X56 are X57 is H, amino, hydroxy, or a halogen selected from Cl and Br;
X58 is hydrogen, F, Cl, CF3, cyano, methyl, or t-butyl;
X59 is hydrogen, CH2OH;

X60 is CO(CH2)6CONMe(CH2)2S O3H;
X62 is methyl, chloro, or trifluoromethyl;
X63 is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, or trifluoromethyl;
X64 is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, chloro, vinyl, allyl, 3-methyl-1-buten-1-yl;
X65 is hydrogen or F; and Ar is aryl or heteroaryl.
5. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
6. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
7. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
8. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
9. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
wherein: W5a is a carbocycle or a heterocycle where W5a is independently substituted with 0 or 1 R2 groups.
10. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein M12a is 1.
11. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
12. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:

13. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
wherein: W5a is a carbocycle independently substituted with 0 or 1 R2 groups.
14. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y2b is O or N(R2); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
15. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:

wherein: W5a is a carbocycle independently substituted with 0 or 1 R2 groups.
16. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
wherein: W5a is a carbocycle or heterocycle where W5a is independently substituted with 0 or 1 R2 groups.
17. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-4, wherein each A1 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y2b is O or N(R2); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
18. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-17 wherein each A2 is of the formula:

19. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-17 wherein each A2 is of the formula:
20. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-17 wherein each M12b is 1.
21. The conjugate of claim 20 where M12b is 0, Y2 is a bond and W5 is a carbocycle or heterocycle where W5 is optionally and independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R2 groups.
22. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-17 wherein each A2 is of the formula:
wherein: W5a is a carbocycle or heterocycle where W5a is optionally and independently substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R2 groups.
23. The conjugate of claim 22 wherein M12a is 1.
24. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-17 wherein each A2 is selected from phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, pyridyl and substituted pyridyl.
25. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-17 wherein each A2 is of the formula:
26. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-17 wherein each A2 is of the formula:
27. The conjugate of claim 26 wherein M12b is 1.
28. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:

29. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
30. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y1a is O or S; and Y2a is O, N(R x) or S.
31. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:~

wherein Y2b is O or N(R x).
32. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y2b is O or N(R x); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
33. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y2b is O or N(R x); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
34. The conjugate of claim 33 wherein M12d is 1.
35. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
36. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
37. The conjugate of claim 36 wherein W5 is a carbocycle.
38. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:

39. The conjugate of claim 38 wherein W5 is phenyl.
40. The conjugate of claim 39 wherein M12b is 1.
41. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y1a is O or S; and Y2a is O, N(R x) or S.
42. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein Y2b is O or N(R x)
43. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y2b is Q or N(R"); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
44. The conjugate of claim 43 wherein R1 is H.
45. The conjugate of claim 44 wherein M12d is 1.
46. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein the phenyl carbocycle is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 R2 groups.
47. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:

wherein the phenyl carbocycle is substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 R2 groups.
48. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
49. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
50. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:

51. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y1a is O or S; and Y2a is O, N(R2) or S.
52. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y1a is O or S;
Y2b is O or N(R2); and Y2c is O, N(R y) or S.
53. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y1a is O or S;
Y2b is O or N(R2);
Y2a is O or,N(R y); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
54. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein Y2b is O or N(R2); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
55. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:

wherein Y2b is O or N(R2).
56. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
57. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
58. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y1a is O or S; and Y2a is O, N(R2) or S.
59. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y1a is O or S;
Y2b is O or N(R2); and Y2c is O, N(R y) or S.
60. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein:
Y1a is O or S;
Y2b is O or N(R2);
Y2d is O or N(R y); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
61. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:

wherein:
Y2b is O or N(R2); and M12d is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
62. The conjugate of any one of claims 2-27 wherein each A3 is of the formula:
wherein Y2b is O or N(R2).
63. The conjugate of claim 3 wherein A0 is of the formula:
wherein each R is independently alkyl.
64. The conjugate of claim 1, 2, 3, or 4 which has the formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein:
DRUG is an with immuno-modulatory compound;
Y1 is independently O, S, N(R x), N(O)(R x), N(OR x), N(O)(OR x), or N(N(R x)(R x)));
Y2 is independently a bond, O, N(R x), N(O)(R x), N(OR x), N(O)(OR x), N(N(R x)(R x)), -S(O)M2-, or -S(O)M2-S(O)M2-;
R x is independently H, R2, W3, a protecting group, or the formula:
R y is independently H, W3, R2 or a protecting group;
R2 is independently H, R3 or R4 wherein each R4 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
R3 is R3a, R3b, R3c or R3d, provided that when R3 is bound to a heteroatom, then R3 is R3c or R3d;
R3a is F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, N3 or -NO2;
R3b is Y1;
R3c is -R x, -N(R x)(R x), -SR x, -S(O)R x, -S(O)2R x, -S(O)(OR x), -S(O)2(OR x), -OC(Y1)R x, -OC(Y1)OR x, -OC(Y1)(N(R x)(R x)), -SC(Y1)R x, -SC(Y1)OR x, -SC(Y1)(N(R x)(R x)), -N(R x)C(Y1)R x, -N(R x)C(Y1)OR x, or -N(R x)C(Y1)(N(R x)(R x));
R3d is -C(Y1)R x, -C(Y1)OR x or -C(Y1)(N(R x)(R x));
R4 is an alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkynyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms;
R5 is R4 wherein each R4 is substituted with 0 to 3 R3 groups;
W3 is W4 or W5;
W4 is R5, -C(Y1)R5, -C(Y1)W5, -SO2R5, or -SO2W5;
W5 is carbocycle or heterocycle wherein W5 is independently substituted with 0 to 3 R2 groups;
M2 is 1, 2, or 3;

M1a, M1c, and M1d are independently 0 or 1;
M12c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12;
nn is 1, 2, or 3; and L is a direct bond or a linking group.
65. ~The conjugate of claim 64 wherein each R x is of the formula:
Y1a is O or S; and Y2c is O, N(R y) or S.
66. ~The conjugate of claim 64 wherein each R x is of the formula:
Y1a is O or S; and Y2d is O or N(R y).
67. ~The conjugate of claim 64 wherein each R x is of the formula:
68. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 65-67 wherein each R y is independently H or alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons.
69. ~The conjugate of claim 64 wherein each R x is of the formula:

70. The conjugate of claim 64 wherein each R x is of the formula:
71. The conjugate of claim 64 wherein each R x is of the formula:
72. The conjugate of claim 64 wherein each Y1 is O or S.
73. The conjugate of claim 64 wherein each Y2 is O, N(R y) or S.
74. The conjugate of any one of claims 64-73 wherein nn is 1.
75. The conjugate of any one of claims 64-73 wherein nn is 2.
76. The conjugate of any one of claims 64-73 wherein nn is 3.
77. The conjugate of claim 64 wherein the kinase inhibiting compound is a compound of any one of formulae 500-547.
78. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L has a molecular weight of from about 20 daltons to about 400 daltons.
79. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L has a length of about 5 angstroms to about 300 angstroms.
80. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L separates the compound of any one of formulae 500-547 and the phosphorous of the phosphonate group by about 5 angstroms to about 200 angstroms, inclusive.
81. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L is a divalent, branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon chain, having from 2 to 25~
carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by (-O-), and wherein the chain is optionally substituted on carbon with one or more substituents selected from (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, (C1-C6)alkanoyl, (C1-C6)alkanoyloxy, (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C6)alkylthio, azido, cyano, nitro, halo, hydroxy, oxo (=O), carboxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, and heteroaryloxy.
82. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L is of the formula W-A wherein A is (C1-C24)alkylene, (C2-C24)alkenylene, (C2-C24)alkynylene, (C3-C8)cycloalkylene, (C6-C10)aryl or a combination thereof, wherein each W is -N(R)C(=O)-, -C(=O)N(R)-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -N(R)-, -C(=O)-, -N(R)C=N(R)-N(R)-, -C(R)=N(R)-, -S(O)M2-N(R)-, -N(R)-S(O)M2-, or a direct bond; wherein each R is independently H or alkyl of to 10 carbons.
83. ~The conjugate of claim 82 wherein each A is alkylene of 1 to 10 carbons.
84. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L is a divalent radical formed from a peptide.
85. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L is a divalent radical formed from an amino acid.
86. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L is a divalent radical formed from poly-L-glutamic acid, poly-L-aspartic acid, poly-L-histidine, poly-L-ornithine, poly-L-serine, poly-L-threonine, poly-L-tyrosine, poly-L-leucine, poly-L-lysine-L-phenylalanine, poly-L-lysine or poly-L-lysine-L-tyrosine.
87. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L is of the formula W-(CH2)n wherein, n is between about 1 and about 10; and W is -N(R)C(=O)-, -C(=O)N(R)-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(=O)-, -N(R)-, -N(R)C=N(R)-N(R)-, -C(R)=N(R)-, -S(O)M2-N(R)-, -N(R)-S(O)M2-, or a direct bond; wherein each R is independently H or (C1-C6)alkyl.
88. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L is methylene, ethylene, or propylene.
89. ~The conjugate of claim 77 wherein each L is linked to P at a carbon atom of L.
90. ~The conjugate as described in any one of claims 1-89, which is isolated and purified.
91. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-90 which is not an anti-inflammatory compound.
92. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-91 which is not an anti-infective.
93. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-92 which is not a compound that is not a kinase inhibitor.
94. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-93 which is not a compound that is active against metabolic diseases.
95. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-94 which is not an antiviral agent.
96. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-95 which is not a nucleoside.
97. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-96 which is not a IMPDH
inhibitor.
98. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-97 which is not an antimetabolite.
99. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 1-98 which is not a PNP inhibitor.
100. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 2-99 which is not a substituted compound of any one of formulae 500-533, 535-541, or 543-547.
101. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 2-100 which is not a substituted compound of formula 534 or 542.
102. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 4-101 which is not a compound of any one of formulae 1-104,107-124, or 128-151.
103. ~The conjugate of any one of claims 4-102 which is not a compound of~
formula 105-106, or 125-127.
104. ~A kinase inhibitor conjugate as described herein.
105. ~A compound of the formula MBF.
106. ~A compound of claim 105 selected from Table 100.
107. ~A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a conjugate as described in any one of claims 1-89 and 91-104 or a compound as described in claim 105 or 106.
108. ~A unit dosage form comprising a conjugate as described in any one of claims 1-89 and 91-104 or a compound as described in claim 105 or 106 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
109. ~A method for inhibiting an immune response in vitro or in vivo comprising contacting a sample in need of such treatment with a conjugate as described in any one of claims 1-89 and 91-104 or a compound as described in claim 105 or 106.
110. ~The method of claim 109 wherein the contacting is in vivo.
111. ~The invention also provides a method of modulating an immune response in a mammal, comprising administering a compound as described in any one of claims 1-89 and 91-104 or a compound as described in claim 105 or 106 to the mammal.
112. ~The method of claim 111 wherein the compound is formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
113. ~The method of claim 112 wherein the formulation further comprises a second active ingredient.
114. ~The method of claim 111 or 112 wherein an immune response is suppressed.
115. ~A conjugate as described in any one of claims 1-89 and 91-104 or a~~
compound as described in claim 105 or 106 for use in medical therapy.
116. ~The use of a conjugate as described in any one of claims 1-89 and 91-104 or a compound as described in claim 105 or 106 to prepare a medicament for modulating an immune response in an animal.
117. ~A phosphonate substituted immuno-modulatory conjugate as described herein.
118. A method for preparing a conjugate as described in the schemes and examples herein.
CA002522977A 2003-04-25 2004-04-26 Immunomodulator phosphonate conjugates Abandoned CA2522977A1 (en)

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