CA2504594C - Scrubbing ionized rain tunnel (s.i.r.t.) - Google Patents
Scrubbing ionized rain tunnel (s.i.r.t.) Download PDFInfo
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- CA2504594C CA2504594C CA002504594A CA2504594A CA2504594C CA 2504594 C CA2504594 C CA 2504594C CA 002504594 A CA002504594 A CA 002504594A CA 2504594 A CA2504594 A CA 2504594A CA 2504594 C CA2504594 C CA 2504594C
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- pipe
- cleansing apparatus
- scrubbing
- nozzles
- effluent gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
Abstract
A cleansing apparatus for cleaning effluent gas from a coal-fired electricity generation station and the like comprises a first pipe adapted to introduce a scrubbing spray into a stream of effluent gas whilst imparting a vortex to the effluent gas and scrubbing spray; means for draining contaminated liquor resulting from scrubbing effluent gas; and outlet means for discharging scrubbed effluent gas. The vortex may be imparted by means of at least one helical rib provided on an interior surface of the first pipe. Collected contaminated liquor may be cleaned and reused as a scrubbing spray. The cleansing apparatus may also be provided with a second pipe for introducing a second scrubbing spray into the effluent gas.
Description
Application No.: 2,504,594 - 9- April 29, 2008 Scrubbing Ionized Rainstorm TunneI ( S.I.R.T.) Background of the Invention Coal is the most abundant and easily recovered fonn of energy source currently extant for ali of the world's countries irrespective of their level of technological advancement and so is employed for power generation wherever it is feasible. Coal powered electricity generation emits huge quantities of C02 into the atmosphere and so coal is one of the biggest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and therefore global warming.
Coal burning also emits acid rain components (NOx & SOx) and toxic heavy cnetals (Hg & U).
Invention Susnmary The present invention simplifies the process of recovering and/or sequestering of all toxic and greenhouse gas emissions far more inexpensively than all other prior apparatus and methods.
An additional benefit of the present method is the recovery of waste heat that is usuaily vented to the atinosphere, for district heating or local industrial processes furthering efficiency of the Rainstorm Tunnel at eliminating greenhouse gas emissions.
The present invention is its unique design allows for:
= dramatically reduced construction and operating costs = ease of maintenance = ease of scalability = penultimate scrubbing control device efficiency The invention may consist of either a single tunnel or have multiple tunnels run in series or parallel and each to any length depending on the voluine of the effluent and the configuration of the power plant/effluent generating process andlor its site.
The chief Application No.: 2,504,594 - 10 - April 29, 2008 efficiency of the invention comes from the use of ionized water in a tunnel with spray nozzles, but any scrubbing agent extant can be used depending on the constituent contamination of the effluent gas and how close to `zero emission' it is desired that any specific installation of "The Rainstorm Tunnel" process needs to be.
The invention provides for emulation and compression of the Hydrologic Cycle in its operation. In nature the Hydrologic Cycle uses chiefly heat, gravity, electrical discharges (lightning) and precipitation to cleanse the air. The vortices created due to wind forces of a storm combined with the resident time of particulates within moisture-laden environments add to the cleansing and purifying of pollutant air. The Rainstorm Tunnel compresses the effects of the larger natural environment into an overall linear controlled environment to carefully control all variables for maximum efficiency. The device scrubs the effluent with a pressurized rain/spray that absorbs the toxic constituents and is collected by gravity and pumped to a settling tank to precipitate the fly ash.
The liquor effluent is then received in an electro-coagulation tank to collect the reinaining dissolved toxic metals and oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. The laminar flow effect in the tunnel sees some gas moving by spray force and by tunnel shape in helical motion along the outer edges of the tunnel, while gases in the center are seen as traveling at different velocities and targeted to be spray-blown into the ponding sections at the base of the tunnel to be further mixed with the outer streams. Additional vortices created are the effects of the central flow folding into the outer flows at approximately the inner most edge of the helical fencelrib version or varying the orientation of the spray nozzles along the length of the tunnel. The chaotic or non-chaotic result of gas volume factors ratio to helical wavelength and amplitude factors are calculated dependutg on the volume and constituency of the effluent stream using present day understandings of vortex design, absorption factors due to gas pressure, distance and titne traveled within control device, inaterial surface texture and area, and variables relating to the introduced agent properties. It is the intention of the Rainstorm Tunnel that a degree of the momentum of the swirling action within a helical vortex is maintained to provide a continuous and Application No.: 2,504,594 - 11 - April 29, 2008 maximal surface absorption, velocity and residence time as in nature as opposed to other methods of screening, filtering, catalytic chemical reductions, combustion modifications, and precipitating that require significantly more process energy and often require complete retooling of existing power plants. The Rainstorm Tunnel can eliminate or reduce the size of dust collectors, the need for coal preparation prior to burning, lime input for S02 scrubbing, bag-houses, electrostatic precipitators, complex multiple grid piping systems, pure oxygen and low nitrogen combustors and the attendant maintenance problems. The Rainstorm Tunnel using spray nozzles to create optimal droplet sizes and a Nozzle Auto-Positioning & Retrieval System (NAPRS) for ease of maintenance may accommodate varying coal fired plant layouts and effluent stream volumes and constituents with ease and flexibility. Because of this flexibility and simplicity, the Rainstorm Tunnel may also be segmented and portable to a degree impossible with other systetns of screening and filtering and settling.
Brief Description of the Drawings In drawings which illustrate by way of example only an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a plan view of a scrubbing rain tunnel in communication with an existing power plant.
Figure 1 is a plan view of a scrubbing rain tunnel in communication with an existing power plant.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the scrubbing rain tunnel of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a helically ribbed tunnel in an embodiment of the scrubbing rain tunnel.
Figure 4a is a cross-sectional view of an interior nozzle.
Figure 4a 1 is a further cross-sectional view of the interior nozzle of Figure 4a.
Figure 4b is a cross-sectional view of a Nozzle Auto-Positioning and Retrieval System.
Application No.: 2,504,594 - 12 - April 29, 2008 Figure 4b1 is a further detail of the Nozzle Auto-Positioning and Retrieval System Figure 5 a cross-sectional view of a wall of the scrubbing rain tunnel with embedded piping.
Figure 6 is an isometric view of a portion of the scntbbing rain tunnel.
Detailed description of the drawiny-s In accordance with the present invention briefly described herein Figure 2 shows a greatly simplified system for removing all toxic constituents of any gaseous effluent stream at any temperature with or without heat exchangers (6) via spray nozzles (15), using ionized water, steam or slurry spray introduced into a sloped or horizontal tunnel (1, 9) to create a vortex in the exhaust stream thereby increasing its dwell time in the spray. The helical interior shaped version (Figure 3) creates ideal conditions to maximize the spray contact time with the exhaust stream. The single, double or triple helical fence/rib (7) embodied in the present invention minimizes construction complexity and cost as the fence/rib integrally strengthens the Ra.instorm Tunnel's structure. Figure 3 shown represents a single helix, high fence & high frequency configurarion. An actual tunnel variation may incorporate as little as one or a multiple of helical grooves/fences along the tunnel surface (9) made of stainless steel with welded on rebar or other high strength/ high temperature resistant concrete/plastic/composite material to become integral with a formed concrete/plastic/composite tunnel (9) and drains (8) therein to act as ponding and collection devices. A Rainstorsn Tunnel version having only spray nozzles (Figures 4a, 4a1, 4b, 4bl) will impart the beneficial vortex, centrifugal and ponding effects without the impediment of a fence by having the piping on the outer periphery of the walls of the tunnel (9) with some of the nozzle heads (15) extensible into the very centre of the tunnel (9) to penetrate the central vortex created in the tunnel using the Nozzle Auto-Positioning & Retrieval System (NAPRS).
Application No.: 2,504,594 - 13 - Apri129, 2008 Figures 4b & 4b1 illustrate a tunnel section asld enlargement of the NAPRS.
Illustrated in Figure 4b1 is the detail of the installed aspect of the NAPRS hydraulic spray-head moving device. Ionized water enters through rnain pipes (16b) which connect to the distribution pipes (17) which are held to the exterior of the SIRT by clamps (26) bolted to brackets (19) welded to a plate (24) which is bolted to the SIRT wall (9). The distribution pipes (17) feed pressurized ionized water to the connected feeder pipes (18) through the telescoping hydraulically operated feeder pipe extension (22) that penetrates the SIRT
wall (9) and its liner (25) moving through a sleeve (23) to position the spray head (15).
The hydraulic fluid is fed by hoses (37). The moving feeder pipe extension (22) and the feeder pipe (18) are held wit.hin a typical hydraulic cylinder (21) connected to the brackets (19).
Helical fencing (Figure 3) for certain applications may be constructed from identical modules arranged along a given calculated path for each particular application, and may inove through various frequencies within the path length. The high pressure spray nozzles (I5) that are arrayed along the fence/rib (17) or embedded in the walls of the tunnel (9) can be angled to impart radial and axial momentum to the effluent gas, and may be positioned alternatively in any location along the tunnel wall (9) being fed from supply pipes (16, 16b) and distribution pipes (17) running longitudinally or spirally inside, outside or embedded in the tannel wall (9). This advantageously results in a decrease in the necessary size and power of the induced draft/exhaust fans as the gas will mix and flow naturally by the vortex created by the fence/rib (7) and the spray and causing a natural centrifuge effect. Illustrated is the advantageous embodiment of the invention wherein the axial cross sectional Figure 2 shows induced draft/exhaust fans
Coal burning also emits acid rain components (NOx & SOx) and toxic heavy cnetals (Hg & U).
Invention Susnmary The present invention simplifies the process of recovering and/or sequestering of all toxic and greenhouse gas emissions far more inexpensively than all other prior apparatus and methods.
An additional benefit of the present method is the recovery of waste heat that is usuaily vented to the atinosphere, for district heating or local industrial processes furthering efficiency of the Rainstorm Tunnel at eliminating greenhouse gas emissions.
The present invention is its unique design allows for:
= dramatically reduced construction and operating costs = ease of maintenance = ease of scalability = penultimate scrubbing control device efficiency The invention may consist of either a single tunnel or have multiple tunnels run in series or parallel and each to any length depending on the voluine of the effluent and the configuration of the power plant/effluent generating process andlor its site.
The chief Application No.: 2,504,594 - 10 - April 29, 2008 efficiency of the invention comes from the use of ionized water in a tunnel with spray nozzles, but any scrubbing agent extant can be used depending on the constituent contamination of the effluent gas and how close to `zero emission' it is desired that any specific installation of "The Rainstorm Tunnel" process needs to be.
The invention provides for emulation and compression of the Hydrologic Cycle in its operation. In nature the Hydrologic Cycle uses chiefly heat, gravity, electrical discharges (lightning) and precipitation to cleanse the air. The vortices created due to wind forces of a storm combined with the resident time of particulates within moisture-laden environments add to the cleansing and purifying of pollutant air. The Rainstorm Tunnel compresses the effects of the larger natural environment into an overall linear controlled environment to carefully control all variables for maximum efficiency. The device scrubs the effluent with a pressurized rain/spray that absorbs the toxic constituents and is collected by gravity and pumped to a settling tank to precipitate the fly ash.
The liquor effluent is then received in an electro-coagulation tank to collect the reinaining dissolved toxic metals and oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. The laminar flow effect in the tunnel sees some gas moving by spray force and by tunnel shape in helical motion along the outer edges of the tunnel, while gases in the center are seen as traveling at different velocities and targeted to be spray-blown into the ponding sections at the base of the tunnel to be further mixed with the outer streams. Additional vortices created are the effects of the central flow folding into the outer flows at approximately the inner most edge of the helical fencelrib version or varying the orientation of the spray nozzles along the length of the tunnel. The chaotic or non-chaotic result of gas volume factors ratio to helical wavelength and amplitude factors are calculated dependutg on the volume and constituency of the effluent stream using present day understandings of vortex design, absorption factors due to gas pressure, distance and titne traveled within control device, inaterial surface texture and area, and variables relating to the introduced agent properties. It is the intention of the Rainstorm Tunnel that a degree of the momentum of the swirling action within a helical vortex is maintained to provide a continuous and Application No.: 2,504,594 - 11 - April 29, 2008 maximal surface absorption, velocity and residence time as in nature as opposed to other methods of screening, filtering, catalytic chemical reductions, combustion modifications, and precipitating that require significantly more process energy and often require complete retooling of existing power plants. The Rainstorm Tunnel can eliminate or reduce the size of dust collectors, the need for coal preparation prior to burning, lime input for S02 scrubbing, bag-houses, electrostatic precipitators, complex multiple grid piping systems, pure oxygen and low nitrogen combustors and the attendant maintenance problems. The Rainstorm Tunnel using spray nozzles to create optimal droplet sizes and a Nozzle Auto-Positioning & Retrieval System (NAPRS) for ease of maintenance may accommodate varying coal fired plant layouts and effluent stream volumes and constituents with ease and flexibility. Because of this flexibility and simplicity, the Rainstorm Tunnel may also be segmented and portable to a degree impossible with other systetns of screening and filtering and settling.
Brief Description of the Drawings In drawings which illustrate by way of example only an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a plan view of a scrubbing rain tunnel in communication with an existing power plant.
Figure 1 is a plan view of a scrubbing rain tunnel in communication with an existing power plant.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the scrubbing rain tunnel of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a helically ribbed tunnel in an embodiment of the scrubbing rain tunnel.
Figure 4a is a cross-sectional view of an interior nozzle.
Figure 4a 1 is a further cross-sectional view of the interior nozzle of Figure 4a.
Figure 4b is a cross-sectional view of a Nozzle Auto-Positioning and Retrieval System.
Application No.: 2,504,594 - 12 - April 29, 2008 Figure 4b1 is a further detail of the Nozzle Auto-Positioning and Retrieval System Figure 5 a cross-sectional view of a wall of the scrubbing rain tunnel with embedded piping.
Figure 6 is an isometric view of a portion of the scntbbing rain tunnel.
Detailed description of the drawiny-s In accordance with the present invention briefly described herein Figure 2 shows a greatly simplified system for removing all toxic constituents of any gaseous effluent stream at any temperature with or without heat exchangers (6) via spray nozzles (15), using ionized water, steam or slurry spray introduced into a sloped or horizontal tunnel (1, 9) to create a vortex in the exhaust stream thereby increasing its dwell time in the spray. The helical interior shaped version (Figure 3) creates ideal conditions to maximize the spray contact time with the exhaust stream. The single, double or triple helical fence/rib (7) embodied in the present invention minimizes construction complexity and cost as the fence/rib integrally strengthens the Ra.instorm Tunnel's structure. Figure 3 shown represents a single helix, high fence & high frequency configurarion. An actual tunnel variation may incorporate as little as one or a multiple of helical grooves/fences along the tunnel surface (9) made of stainless steel with welded on rebar or other high strength/ high temperature resistant concrete/plastic/composite material to become integral with a formed concrete/plastic/composite tunnel (9) and drains (8) therein to act as ponding and collection devices. A Rainstorsn Tunnel version having only spray nozzles (Figures 4a, 4a1, 4b, 4bl) will impart the beneficial vortex, centrifugal and ponding effects without the impediment of a fence by having the piping on the outer periphery of the walls of the tunnel (9) with some of the nozzle heads (15) extensible into the very centre of the tunnel (9) to penetrate the central vortex created in the tunnel using the Nozzle Auto-Positioning & Retrieval System (NAPRS).
Application No.: 2,504,594 - 13 - Apri129, 2008 Figures 4b & 4b1 illustrate a tunnel section asld enlargement of the NAPRS.
Illustrated in Figure 4b1 is the detail of the installed aspect of the NAPRS hydraulic spray-head moving device. Ionized water enters through rnain pipes (16b) which connect to the distribution pipes (17) which are held to the exterior of the SIRT by clamps (26) bolted to brackets (19) welded to a plate (24) which is bolted to the SIRT wall (9). The distribution pipes (17) feed pressurized ionized water to the connected feeder pipes (18) through the telescoping hydraulically operated feeder pipe extension (22) that penetrates the SIRT
wall (9) and its liner (25) moving through a sleeve (23) to position the spray head (15).
The hydraulic fluid is fed by hoses (37). The moving feeder pipe extension (22) and the feeder pipe (18) are held wit.hin a typical hydraulic cylinder (21) connected to the brackets (19).
Helical fencing (Figure 3) for certain applications may be constructed from identical modules arranged along a given calculated path for each particular application, and may inove through various frequencies within the path length. The high pressure spray nozzles (I5) that are arrayed along the fence/rib (17) or embedded in the walls of the tunnel (9) can be angled to impart radial and axial momentum to the effluent gas, and may be positioned alternatively in any location along the tunnel wall (9) being fed from supply pipes (16, 16b) and distribution pipes (17) running longitudinally or spirally inside, outside or embedded in the tannel wall (9). This advantageously results in a decrease in the necessary size and power of the induced draft/exhaust fans as the gas will mix and flow naturally by the vortex created by the fence/rib (7) and the spray and causing a natural centrifuge effect. Illustrated is the advantageous embodiment of the invention wherein the axial cross sectional Figure 2 shows induced draft/exhaust fans
(2) moving exhaust gas through a branch tunnel (5) from the base of the existing vent stacks (3) into a downward sloped tunnel (1, 9) in which heat exchangers (6) can be installed to create process steam for steam stripping of volatile gases and sulfurs and/or heat removal for district heating/industry plus the necessary preheat of the ion spray and reheating of the effluent gas discharged to the atmosphere if desired. The Rainstorm Tunnel can also enter Application No.: 2,504,594 - 14 - April 29, 2008 the ground to take advantage of ground source cooling. Subsequently the new stack dimensions are dramatically reduced and therefore have less impact on the local esthetics.
The initial parts of the tunnel (9) can contain, in the case of a coal fired generating station, a series of helically shaped or standard heat exchanger pipes (6) to preheat the slurry or ionized water and/or create steam to be used in steam stripping volatiles from the effluent gas, the configuration of which will depend on the constituent effluent gas.
From the initial stage the tunnel (9) proceeds to a to a chamber (14) in which the initial highly concentrated liquor is collected to be pumped to sedimentation tanks (13) and then to electro-coagulation processing (12 ) and/or ozonation or any other existing prior art process necessary to purify the liquor and its off-gas. The purified liquor may be redistributed to the main tunnel to begin the scrubbing process again (Figure 6). From the chamber (14) the tunnel (9) proceeds upward and can contain one and as many as three helical fence/ribs (7) positioned spirally along the tunnel wall (9) and such ribs have advantageously spaced spray nozzles (15) along its interior edge to tnaxiinize exposure to and dwell time of the exhaust gas in the ionized water or slurry spray and/or steam.
Alternatively the nozzles themselves (15) embedded in the tunnel wall (9) can impart a cyclonic effect by their aspect with some of the nozzle heads extensible into the very centre of the tunnel to penetrate the central vortex created in the tunnel.
Alternatively the NAPRS (Figures 4b, 4b 1), which the nozzles (15) can be mounted on, can move the feeder pipes (18) telescoping them through the tunnel wall (9) to either hydraulically or manually move them for ease of maintenance and safety of the workers as the workers would never have to enter the tunnel nor the tunnel shutdown for maintenance (Figure 6).
The resultant is a controlled linear cyclonic rainstorm. Parameters will include a sound wave analysis to avoid potential reverberation resulting in sound and if deemed necessary by reverse wave sound deadening equipment instalIed. The ribs (7) can also act as heat exchangers if so desired by embedding piping within them or eventuating them as pipes as illustrated in Figure 3. The feeder pipes (18) (Figure 4al and Figure 4b 1) for the spray nozzles (15) are modularized and sectioned off for ease of maintenance. The helical fence/rib (17) in the sloped or horizontal tunnel (9) creates multiple natural collection Application No.: 2,504,594 - 15 - Apri129, 2008 points/pools as temporary storage of the liquor in the tunnel which then can be siphoned to the main drains and drain pipes (8, 39, 39a) and once the concentration of contaminants in the runoff liquor has reached the desired level then the liquor can be piped away for further processing. The resultant purified exhaust is released to the atmosphere via the vent stack (10).
Note:
In the helical rib design (Figure 3) each drain (8) will contain diminishing concentrations of contaminants andlor coinpletely different contaminants both in relation to the increasing distance along the tunnel from the source of the coal smoke and what is being sprayed into the tunnel at that particular point, as both can vary according to the constituents of the effluent, which would allow differing levels of further processing as the liquor at every drain (8) would not need every step of the purification process (as at each collection point the concentration and/or makeup of the runoff liquor varies and this can create diminishing returns for effort expended to cleanse the liquor). The last few drains (8) can simply have their thinly contaminated liquor returned to the first few spray nozzles via a collection drain such as 39 in Figure 3 allowing for much more efficient reuse of the cleansing spray as it does not have to be processed to complete purity before being reused. Only liquor that has the highest concentration of contaminant needs to be piped away for further processing by electro-coagulation, electro flocculation, precipitate settling, aeration or sequestration (12) depending on the constituent toxicity.
In simplified versions of the tunnel for effluent streams that are not highly contaminated or for small volumes of effluent the helical ribs can be eliminated and the supply pipe itself (16 or, optionally, 16b) on Figures 4a and 4b can either be shaped in a helical or straight-line configuration. In applications where a very high pressure of ionized rain or scrubbing slurry mixture is needed as in a coal fired exhaust stream, the feeder pipe (18) can be mounted inside the tunnel walls (9) with only the spray heads (15) exposed to the effluent in a helical or straight-line fashion or attached to the inside of the tunnel walls (9) Application No.: 2,504,594 - 16 - April 29, 2008 (Figure 5), such design placement and materials used dependant on the toxicity and corrosiveness of the effluent. In the case of a coal fired power plant the fly ash would be settled out in a pond, tank or optionally at the bottom of the tunnel (13b) shown in Figure 6 and the resultant liquor further processed via electro coagulation (12) to remove the Sulfates and Nitrates that are the base in smelters, incinerators and other high eznission processes. Nox reduction in the effluent can take place before, during or after the Rainstorm Tunnel. Should the process be taken to its final and penultimate stage the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas from the coal fired power plant or any other effluent stream, could be sprayed with a calcium and enzyme mixture for fitrther sequestration as carbonate. The tunnel maintains a closed loop and processes the resultant liquor until the water is pure enough to be reused in the tunnel. Dwell time and mixing in the tunnel and therefore contact time to the spray is varied according to the toxicity, temperature and density of the effluent gas by increasing or decreasing one of the following variables including but not limited to:
a) The fence / rib height b) The slope of the tunnel c) The length of the tunnel d) The diaineter of the tunnel e) The coil tigbtness (frequency) of the rib along the tunnel wall f) The density of the spray nozzles g) The orientation of the spray nozzles h) The pressure of the spray i) The number of fences coiled about one another on the tunnel wall Applicat.ion No.: 2,504,594 - 17 - Apri129, 2008 j) The constituents of the spray k) The size of the spray droplets 1) Surface texture on fence/ribs and tunnel wall m) Periodically reversing or changing the aspects of the fence/rib coil on the tunnel wall n) Eliminating the fence/rib o) Helical arrangement of the spray nozzles/pipe p) Straight-line arrangement of the spray nozzles/pipe q) Materials and design of the spray nozzles/pipe r) Positioning of the spray nozzles/pipe in the vortex s) Embedding the pipe in the tunnel wall t) Attaching the pipe to the tunnel wall u) Materials and design of the tunnel v) Sealing the tunnel and batching the effluent to increase dwell time w) Any combination of the above Thus, in accordance with a first embodiment, there is provided a rainstorm style of cleansing apparatus for purifying effluent streams of gases comprising a first exhaust pipe having an inlet for introducing effluent gases being purified and an outlet for discharging purified gases to the atmosphere or sequestration with spray nozzles and piping to introduce an effluent scrubbing spray; a first heat exchanger consisting of at least two separate systems of piping, the first for removing heat to reheat the purified exhaust Application No_: 2,504,594 - 18 - April 29, 2008 stream of carbon dioxide for dispersion to the atmosphere if sequestration is not desired, and the second for preheating the purifying spray before introduction into the tunnel through main supply, distribution and feeder pipes having nozzles at their terminus, such piping being designed to have either a spiral aspect or straight line configuration within the tunnel and/or embedded in fences/vortex generators depending on the specific application of the rainstorm tunnel; tanks and/or hoppers with valves and metering equipment to supply said purifying substances; connected to the tanks/hoppers a plurality of main supply pipes, either in series or parallel, that run through the second set of heat exchangers; connected to the main supply pipes, distribution pipes, either in series or parallel, connected in such a way to supply said purifying substances to the feeder pipes;
feeder pipes, connected to the said distribution pipes, extending through the tunnel wall and adapted to telescope back and forth through the tunnel wall, automatically positioned and retrieved to provide access to the nozzle heads, either hydraulically manually for ease of tnaintenance and safety of the workers as the tunnel will never have to be shut down unless desired, nor the workers exposed to the exhaust stream or its resultant residue in the tunnel; a plurality of nozzles located at the terminal of said feeder pipes to spray purifying substances into the exhaust stream; pumps and valves located before, after or along the main supply pipes to move and pressurize the said purifying substances for delivery to the distribution pipes and feeder pipes; a first sump drain or plurality of sump drains located in the bottom of the tunnel to drain said purifying substances now contaminated with effluent from the tunnel; connected to the sump drains a pipe or plurality of pipes with metering equipment and valves and pumps for carrying said contaminated purifying substances away for further processing, such processing to be dependant on the constituent contaminants; and a plurality of vortex generators and/or fences andlor piping provided within the tunnel to create a vortex within the exhaust stream thereby increasing the dwell time and the path length of the effluent increasing the efficiency of the scrubbing spray.
Application 1Vo.: 2,504,594 - 19 - April 29, 2008 The selection of purifying substances and the location of the nozzles may be selected according to the temperature and composition of the effluent gas.
The foregoing cleansing apparatus inay be used to mitigate or reduce toxic or greenhouse gas released from a coal-fired electricity generator.
There is also provided a cleansing apparatus for purifying effluent streams of gases comprising a first exhaust pipe (the rainstorm tunnel) having an inlet for introducing coal smoke with a blowback damper valve to suppress blowback during the startup phase of the coal furnace; outlets for discharging purified carbon dioxide to the atmosphere; and/or an outlet to a chamber/tank for compression of purified carbon dioxide to provide a raw material for further industrial uses; and/or an outlet to at least one further rainstorm tunnel in series or parallel from the first tunnel with all of the same attributes of the first tunnel as described herein, for sequestration of the carbon dioxide by spraying a mixture of enzymes and calcium to create limestone for use as a raw material for further industrial uses; and/or any combination of said outlets as desired; and/or a closed ended tunnel to increase dwell time and to allow for either complete capture and compression of the carbon dioxide or sequestration of the carbon dioxide as limestone; a first heat exchanger consisting of at least two separate systems of piping the first for removing heat to reheat the purified exhaust stream of carbon dioxide for dispersion to the atmosphere if sequestration is not desired and the second for preheating the purifying spray before introduction into the tunnel through distribution and feeder pipes, wherein the piping is provided with either a spiral aspect or straight line configuration within the tunnel and/or embedded in fences/vortex generators; tanks and/or hoppers with valves and metering equipment to supply said purifying substances; connected to the tanks/hoppers, main supply pipes, either in series or parallel, that run through the second set of heat exchangers in or on later areas of the turmel ultimately connected to nozzles to deliver the preheated scrubbing spray into the coal smoke exhaust stream, distribution pipes as a continuation of the main supply pipes designed mounted either on the outer periphery or embedded in the walls of said first exhaust pipe/tunnel and/or on the fences and/or on the Application No.: 2,504,594 - 20 - Apri129, 2008 vortex generators and/or the design and location of the pipes themselves so as to to produce a vortex in the exhaust stream; a plurality of feeder pipes connected to the said distribution pipes extending througb the tunnel wall configured to telescope back and forth through the tunnel wall, either hydraulically or manually; a plurality of nozzles located on the terminus of said feeder pipes, to spray purifying substances into the exhaust stream, in the fu-st areas of the tunnel the spray will consist of purified ionized water to absorb the greatest amount of heavy metal containing fly ash, noxious nitrates, sulfates, hydrogen fluoride and other volatile organic compounds; in later areas of the tunnel series the substances sprayed could consist of slurries of calcium and enzymes to sequester the excess carbon dioxide as limestone, such variation and combination of sprays dependant on the volume, temperature and constituents of the effluent gas and its suspended particulates as they vary along the length of the tunnel and whether total sequestration of the resulting purified stream of carbon dioxide is desired, said nozzles having angles and aspects aimed to produce a both vortices in the coal smoke and to wash the walls/fences/vortex generators within the tunnel; magnetic or electric water ionizing apparatus, around or within the said main supply pipes to ionize the water within them; a first sump drain or plurality of sump drains located in the first areas of the tunnel at the bottom of the tunnel to drain said ionized water, now contaminated with fly ash and heavy metals from the coal smoke in the tunnel, to drain from differing parts of the tunnel the contaminated ionized water which will have varying densities and constituents of contamination the further away they are drained from the tunnel inlet and the source of the coal smoke; connected to the sump drains in the first areas of the tunnel, a pipe or plurality of pipes for carrying said contaminated ionized water away to settling tanks/ponds whose design is known to those with ordinary skill in the art, to separate the fly ash from the ionized water; connected to the settling tanks/ponds a pipe or plurality of pipes to carry away the contaminated ionized water for sedimentation and/or electro-coagulation and/or electro-flocculation and/or membrane filtering and/or sand filtering processing to remove the heavy metals, nitrates, sulfates or volatile organic compounds, such processing to be dependant on the constituent contaminants; a plurality of vortex Application No.: 2,504,594 - 21 - April 29, 2008 generators andlor fences and/or piping disposed within the tunnel to create a vortex within the exhaust stream thereby increasing the dwell time and the path length of the effluent increasing the efficiency of the scrubbing spray.
The cleansing apparatus, in particular the tunnels may be segmented and erected on railroad bogies or highway floats for ease of transport or mobility, such that the segmented tunnels may be economically relocated and reused.
The cleansing apparatus thus provides for a nwnber of advantages, including the reduction of sulphur content produced by coal-fired electricity generation plants; a reduction in the use of bag-houses for fly ash separation, fluidized bed combustion of coal to reduce sulphur release, and low nitrogen burners or pure oxygen burners in the combustion of coal to reduce NOx release.
It is understood that various other embodiments and modifications in the practice of the invention will be apparent to, and can be readily made by, those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention described above.
Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the exact description set forth above, but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all of the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention, including all the features and embodiments which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. The ionized water spray main supply pipes may be introduced along the tunnel length (16 & 16b) in any nutnber and have branched piping into the tunnel at various intervals to effect the desired result contained herein.
The initial parts of the tunnel (9) can contain, in the case of a coal fired generating station, a series of helically shaped or standard heat exchanger pipes (6) to preheat the slurry or ionized water and/or create steam to be used in steam stripping volatiles from the effluent gas, the configuration of which will depend on the constituent effluent gas.
From the initial stage the tunnel (9) proceeds to a to a chamber (14) in which the initial highly concentrated liquor is collected to be pumped to sedimentation tanks (13) and then to electro-coagulation processing (12 ) and/or ozonation or any other existing prior art process necessary to purify the liquor and its off-gas. The purified liquor may be redistributed to the main tunnel to begin the scrubbing process again (Figure 6). From the chamber (14) the tunnel (9) proceeds upward and can contain one and as many as three helical fence/ribs (7) positioned spirally along the tunnel wall (9) and such ribs have advantageously spaced spray nozzles (15) along its interior edge to tnaxiinize exposure to and dwell time of the exhaust gas in the ionized water or slurry spray and/or steam.
Alternatively the nozzles themselves (15) embedded in the tunnel wall (9) can impart a cyclonic effect by their aspect with some of the nozzle heads extensible into the very centre of the tunnel to penetrate the central vortex created in the tunnel.
Alternatively the NAPRS (Figures 4b, 4b 1), which the nozzles (15) can be mounted on, can move the feeder pipes (18) telescoping them through the tunnel wall (9) to either hydraulically or manually move them for ease of maintenance and safety of the workers as the workers would never have to enter the tunnel nor the tunnel shutdown for maintenance (Figure 6).
The resultant is a controlled linear cyclonic rainstorm. Parameters will include a sound wave analysis to avoid potential reverberation resulting in sound and if deemed necessary by reverse wave sound deadening equipment instalIed. The ribs (7) can also act as heat exchangers if so desired by embedding piping within them or eventuating them as pipes as illustrated in Figure 3. The feeder pipes (18) (Figure 4al and Figure 4b 1) for the spray nozzles (15) are modularized and sectioned off for ease of maintenance. The helical fence/rib (17) in the sloped or horizontal tunnel (9) creates multiple natural collection Application No.: 2,504,594 - 15 - Apri129, 2008 points/pools as temporary storage of the liquor in the tunnel which then can be siphoned to the main drains and drain pipes (8, 39, 39a) and once the concentration of contaminants in the runoff liquor has reached the desired level then the liquor can be piped away for further processing. The resultant purified exhaust is released to the atmosphere via the vent stack (10).
Note:
In the helical rib design (Figure 3) each drain (8) will contain diminishing concentrations of contaminants andlor coinpletely different contaminants both in relation to the increasing distance along the tunnel from the source of the coal smoke and what is being sprayed into the tunnel at that particular point, as both can vary according to the constituents of the effluent, which would allow differing levels of further processing as the liquor at every drain (8) would not need every step of the purification process (as at each collection point the concentration and/or makeup of the runoff liquor varies and this can create diminishing returns for effort expended to cleanse the liquor). The last few drains (8) can simply have their thinly contaminated liquor returned to the first few spray nozzles via a collection drain such as 39 in Figure 3 allowing for much more efficient reuse of the cleansing spray as it does not have to be processed to complete purity before being reused. Only liquor that has the highest concentration of contaminant needs to be piped away for further processing by electro-coagulation, electro flocculation, precipitate settling, aeration or sequestration (12) depending on the constituent toxicity.
In simplified versions of the tunnel for effluent streams that are not highly contaminated or for small volumes of effluent the helical ribs can be eliminated and the supply pipe itself (16 or, optionally, 16b) on Figures 4a and 4b can either be shaped in a helical or straight-line configuration. In applications where a very high pressure of ionized rain or scrubbing slurry mixture is needed as in a coal fired exhaust stream, the feeder pipe (18) can be mounted inside the tunnel walls (9) with only the spray heads (15) exposed to the effluent in a helical or straight-line fashion or attached to the inside of the tunnel walls (9) Application No.: 2,504,594 - 16 - April 29, 2008 (Figure 5), such design placement and materials used dependant on the toxicity and corrosiveness of the effluent. In the case of a coal fired power plant the fly ash would be settled out in a pond, tank or optionally at the bottom of the tunnel (13b) shown in Figure 6 and the resultant liquor further processed via electro coagulation (12) to remove the Sulfates and Nitrates that are the base in smelters, incinerators and other high eznission processes. Nox reduction in the effluent can take place before, during or after the Rainstorm Tunnel. Should the process be taken to its final and penultimate stage the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas from the coal fired power plant or any other effluent stream, could be sprayed with a calcium and enzyme mixture for fitrther sequestration as carbonate. The tunnel maintains a closed loop and processes the resultant liquor until the water is pure enough to be reused in the tunnel. Dwell time and mixing in the tunnel and therefore contact time to the spray is varied according to the toxicity, temperature and density of the effluent gas by increasing or decreasing one of the following variables including but not limited to:
a) The fence / rib height b) The slope of the tunnel c) The length of the tunnel d) The diaineter of the tunnel e) The coil tigbtness (frequency) of the rib along the tunnel wall f) The density of the spray nozzles g) The orientation of the spray nozzles h) The pressure of the spray i) The number of fences coiled about one another on the tunnel wall Applicat.ion No.: 2,504,594 - 17 - Apri129, 2008 j) The constituents of the spray k) The size of the spray droplets 1) Surface texture on fence/ribs and tunnel wall m) Periodically reversing or changing the aspects of the fence/rib coil on the tunnel wall n) Eliminating the fence/rib o) Helical arrangement of the spray nozzles/pipe p) Straight-line arrangement of the spray nozzles/pipe q) Materials and design of the spray nozzles/pipe r) Positioning of the spray nozzles/pipe in the vortex s) Embedding the pipe in the tunnel wall t) Attaching the pipe to the tunnel wall u) Materials and design of the tunnel v) Sealing the tunnel and batching the effluent to increase dwell time w) Any combination of the above Thus, in accordance with a first embodiment, there is provided a rainstorm style of cleansing apparatus for purifying effluent streams of gases comprising a first exhaust pipe having an inlet for introducing effluent gases being purified and an outlet for discharging purified gases to the atmosphere or sequestration with spray nozzles and piping to introduce an effluent scrubbing spray; a first heat exchanger consisting of at least two separate systems of piping, the first for removing heat to reheat the purified exhaust Application No_: 2,504,594 - 18 - April 29, 2008 stream of carbon dioxide for dispersion to the atmosphere if sequestration is not desired, and the second for preheating the purifying spray before introduction into the tunnel through main supply, distribution and feeder pipes having nozzles at their terminus, such piping being designed to have either a spiral aspect or straight line configuration within the tunnel and/or embedded in fences/vortex generators depending on the specific application of the rainstorm tunnel; tanks and/or hoppers with valves and metering equipment to supply said purifying substances; connected to the tanks/hoppers a plurality of main supply pipes, either in series or parallel, that run through the second set of heat exchangers; connected to the main supply pipes, distribution pipes, either in series or parallel, connected in such a way to supply said purifying substances to the feeder pipes;
feeder pipes, connected to the said distribution pipes, extending through the tunnel wall and adapted to telescope back and forth through the tunnel wall, automatically positioned and retrieved to provide access to the nozzle heads, either hydraulically manually for ease of tnaintenance and safety of the workers as the tunnel will never have to be shut down unless desired, nor the workers exposed to the exhaust stream or its resultant residue in the tunnel; a plurality of nozzles located at the terminal of said feeder pipes to spray purifying substances into the exhaust stream; pumps and valves located before, after or along the main supply pipes to move and pressurize the said purifying substances for delivery to the distribution pipes and feeder pipes; a first sump drain or plurality of sump drains located in the bottom of the tunnel to drain said purifying substances now contaminated with effluent from the tunnel; connected to the sump drains a pipe or plurality of pipes with metering equipment and valves and pumps for carrying said contaminated purifying substances away for further processing, such processing to be dependant on the constituent contaminants; and a plurality of vortex generators and/or fences andlor piping provided within the tunnel to create a vortex within the exhaust stream thereby increasing the dwell time and the path length of the effluent increasing the efficiency of the scrubbing spray.
Application 1Vo.: 2,504,594 - 19 - April 29, 2008 The selection of purifying substances and the location of the nozzles may be selected according to the temperature and composition of the effluent gas.
The foregoing cleansing apparatus inay be used to mitigate or reduce toxic or greenhouse gas released from a coal-fired electricity generator.
There is also provided a cleansing apparatus for purifying effluent streams of gases comprising a first exhaust pipe (the rainstorm tunnel) having an inlet for introducing coal smoke with a blowback damper valve to suppress blowback during the startup phase of the coal furnace; outlets for discharging purified carbon dioxide to the atmosphere; and/or an outlet to a chamber/tank for compression of purified carbon dioxide to provide a raw material for further industrial uses; and/or an outlet to at least one further rainstorm tunnel in series or parallel from the first tunnel with all of the same attributes of the first tunnel as described herein, for sequestration of the carbon dioxide by spraying a mixture of enzymes and calcium to create limestone for use as a raw material for further industrial uses; and/or any combination of said outlets as desired; and/or a closed ended tunnel to increase dwell time and to allow for either complete capture and compression of the carbon dioxide or sequestration of the carbon dioxide as limestone; a first heat exchanger consisting of at least two separate systems of piping the first for removing heat to reheat the purified exhaust stream of carbon dioxide for dispersion to the atmosphere if sequestration is not desired and the second for preheating the purifying spray before introduction into the tunnel through distribution and feeder pipes, wherein the piping is provided with either a spiral aspect or straight line configuration within the tunnel and/or embedded in fences/vortex generators; tanks and/or hoppers with valves and metering equipment to supply said purifying substances; connected to the tanks/hoppers, main supply pipes, either in series or parallel, that run through the second set of heat exchangers in or on later areas of the turmel ultimately connected to nozzles to deliver the preheated scrubbing spray into the coal smoke exhaust stream, distribution pipes as a continuation of the main supply pipes designed mounted either on the outer periphery or embedded in the walls of said first exhaust pipe/tunnel and/or on the fences and/or on the Application No.: 2,504,594 - 20 - Apri129, 2008 vortex generators and/or the design and location of the pipes themselves so as to to produce a vortex in the exhaust stream; a plurality of feeder pipes connected to the said distribution pipes extending througb the tunnel wall configured to telescope back and forth through the tunnel wall, either hydraulically or manually; a plurality of nozzles located on the terminus of said feeder pipes, to spray purifying substances into the exhaust stream, in the fu-st areas of the tunnel the spray will consist of purified ionized water to absorb the greatest amount of heavy metal containing fly ash, noxious nitrates, sulfates, hydrogen fluoride and other volatile organic compounds; in later areas of the tunnel series the substances sprayed could consist of slurries of calcium and enzymes to sequester the excess carbon dioxide as limestone, such variation and combination of sprays dependant on the volume, temperature and constituents of the effluent gas and its suspended particulates as they vary along the length of the tunnel and whether total sequestration of the resulting purified stream of carbon dioxide is desired, said nozzles having angles and aspects aimed to produce a both vortices in the coal smoke and to wash the walls/fences/vortex generators within the tunnel; magnetic or electric water ionizing apparatus, around or within the said main supply pipes to ionize the water within them; a first sump drain or plurality of sump drains located in the first areas of the tunnel at the bottom of the tunnel to drain said ionized water, now contaminated with fly ash and heavy metals from the coal smoke in the tunnel, to drain from differing parts of the tunnel the contaminated ionized water which will have varying densities and constituents of contamination the further away they are drained from the tunnel inlet and the source of the coal smoke; connected to the sump drains in the first areas of the tunnel, a pipe or plurality of pipes for carrying said contaminated ionized water away to settling tanks/ponds whose design is known to those with ordinary skill in the art, to separate the fly ash from the ionized water; connected to the settling tanks/ponds a pipe or plurality of pipes to carry away the contaminated ionized water for sedimentation and/or electro-coagulation and/or electro-flocculation and/or membrane filtering and/or sand filtering processing to remove the heavy metals, nitrates, sulfates or volatile organic compounds, such processing to be dependant on the constituent contaminants; a plurality of vortex Application No.: 2,504,594 - 21 - April 29, 2008 generators andlor fences and/or piping disposed within the tunnel to create a vortex within the exhaust stream thereby increasing the dwell time and the path length of the effluent increasing the efficiency of the scrubbing spray.
The cleansing apparatus, in particular the tunnels may be segmented and erected on railroad bogies or highway floats for ease of transport or mobility, such that the segmented tunnels may be economically relocated and reused.
The cleansing apparatus thus provides for a nwnber of advantages, including the reduction of sulphur content produced by coal-fired electricity generation plants; a reduction in the use of bag-houses for fly ash separation, fluidized bed combustion of coal to reduce sulphur release, and low nitrogen burners or pure oxygen burners in the combustion of coal to reduce NOx release.
It is understood that various other embodiments and modifications in the practice of the invention will be apparent to, and can be readily made by, those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention described above.
Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the exact description set forth above, but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all of the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention, including all the features and embodiments which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. The ionized water spray main supply pipes may be introduced along the tunnel length (16 & 16b) in any nutnber and have branched piping into the tunnel at various intervals to effect the desired result contained herein.
Claims (54)
1. A pipe for use in a cleansing apparatus for cleaning effluent gas, the pipe comprising a wall having an interior surface provided with at least one helical rib, further comprising a plurality of nozzles for introducing a scrubbing spray into an interior region of the pipe, further comprising a plurality of feeder pipes wherein each of the plurality of feeder pipes is connected to one of the plurality of nozzles and wherein the feeder pipe is adapted to telescope within the wall.
2. The pipe of claim 1, wherein the interior surface is provided with at least two helical ribs.
3. The pipe of either claim 1 or 2, wherein the interior surface is provided with at least three helical ribs.
4. The pipe of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one helical rib is of varying frequency.
5. The pipe of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one helical rib is integrally formed in the wall.
6. The pipe of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of nozzles is disposed along the at least one helical rib.
7. The pipe of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of nozzles is disposed on the at least one helical rib.
8. The pipe of any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the nozzles are angled with respect to the interior surface such that when a scrubbing spray is introduced into the interior region of the pipe, a radial and axial momentum is imparted to an effluent gas within the pipe.
9. The pipe of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein each of the plurality of nozzles is provided with a head, and at least some of the heads are extensible into the centre of the pipe.
10. The pipe of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising at least one drain.
11. A cleansing apparatus for cleaning effluent gas comprising contaminants, the cleansing apparatus comprising a first pipe having an inlet for receiving the effluent gas, the first pipe comprising a first wall having an interior surface provided with at least one helical rib;
means for introducing a scrubbing spray into an interior region of the first pipe for scrubbing effluent gas within the first pipe;
means for draining from the first pipe contaminated liquor resulting from scrubbing effluent gas; and outlet means for discharging scrubbed effluent gas;
wherein the means for introducing the scrubbing spray comprises a plurality of nozzles; and further comprising a plurality of feeder pipes wherein each of the plurality of feeder pipes is connected to one of the plurality of nozzles and is adapted to telescope within the first wall.
means for introducing a scrubbing spray into an interior region of the first pipe for scrubbing effluent gas within the first pipe;
means for draining from the first pipe contaminated liquor resulting from scrubbing effluent gas; and outlet means for discharging scrubbed effluent gas;
wherein the means for introducing the scrubbing spray comprises a plurality of nozzles; and further comprising a plurality of feeder pipes wherein each of the plurality of feeder pipes is connected to one of the plurality of nozzles and is adapted to telescope within the first wall.
12. The cleansing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the interior surface is provided with at least two helical ribs.
13. The cleansing apparatus of either claim 11 or 12, wherein the at least one helical rib or at least two helical ribs is of varying frequency.
14. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the at least one helical rib or the at least two helical ribs is integrally formed in the first wall.
15. The cleansing apparatus of claims 11 to 14, wherein the plurality of nozzles is disposed along the at least one helical rib.
16. The cleansing apparatus of claims 11 to 14, wherein the plurality of nozzles is disposed on the at least one helical rib.
17. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the nozzles are angled with respect to the interior surface such that when a scrubbing spray is introduced into the interior region of the first pipe, a radial and axial momentum is imparted to an effluent gas within the first pipe.
18. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein each of the plurality of nozzles is provided with a head, and at least some of the heads are extensible into the centre of the first pipe.
19. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 18 wherein the first pipe is sloped downward.
20. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 19 wherein the scrubbing spray comprises ionized water.
21. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 19 wherein the scrubbing spray comprises a calcium slurry.
22. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 19 wherein the scrubbing spray comprises a calcium and enzyme slurry.
23. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 22 wherein the means for draining contaminated liquor is in communication with a collection chamber.
24. The cleansing apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for draining contaminated liquor is in communication with a sedimentation tank.
25. The cleansing apparatus of claim 24 wherein the sedimentation tank is in communication with a purification means.
26. The cleansing apparatus of claim 25 wherein the purification means comprises at least one of an electro-coagulation processing means and an ozonation means.
27. The cleansing apparatus of either claim 25 or claim 26, wherein at least some of the plurality of feeder pipes is in communication with the purification means via at least one distribution pipe.
28. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 27, further comprising a heating means adapted to heat the scrubbing spray prior to introduction into the interior region of the first pipe.
29. The cleansing apparatus of claim 28, wherein the heating means is further adapted to heat the scrubbed effluent gas prior to its discharge through the outlet means.
30. The cleansing apparatus of either claim 28 or claim 29, wherein the heating means comprises a heat exchanger.
31. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 30, further comprising a second pipe, the second pipe being in communication with the first pipe, the second pipe comprising a second wall having an interior surface;
second means for introducing a second scrubbing spray into an interior region of the second pipe for scrubbing effluent gas within the second pipe; and at least one means for draining from the second pipe contaminated liquor resulting from scrubbing effluent gas.
second means for introducing a second scrubbing spray into an interior region of the second pipe for scrubbing effluent gas within the second pipe; and at least one means for draining from the second pipe contaminated liquor resulting from scrubbing effluent gas.
32. The cleansing apparatus of claim 31, wherein the second means for introducing a second scrubbing spray comprises a second plurality of nozzles.
33. The cleansing apparatus of claim 31, wherein the second means for introducing a second scrubbing spray comprises at least two sets of nozzles, wherein the first set of nozzles is adapted to introduce a first type of second scrubbing spray, and a second set of nozzles is adapted to introduce a second type of second scrubbing spray.
34. The cleansing apparatus of claim 33, wherein the first type of second scrubbing spray comprises ionized water.
35. The cleansing apparatus of either claim 33 or claim 34, wherein the second type of second scrubbing spray comprises a calcium slurry.
36. The cleansing apparatus of either claim 33 or claim 34, wherein the second type of second scrubbing spray comprises a calcium and enzyme slurry.
37. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the at least one means for draining from the second pipe contaminated liquor comprises a drain means for draining contaminated liquor resulting from scrubbing effluent gas with the second type of second scrubbing spray.
38. The cleansing apparatus of claims 33 to 36, wherein the at least one means for draining from the second pipe contaminated liquor further comprises a further drain means for draining contaminated liquor resulting from scrubbing effluent gas with the first type of second scrubbing spray.
39. The cleansing apparatus of claim 32, wherein the second plurality of nozzles are angled with respect to the interior surface of the second pipe such that when a scrubbing spray is introduced into the interior region of the second pipe, a radial and axial momentum is imparted to an effluent gas with the second pipe.
40. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 33 to 38, wherein the at least two sets of nozzles are angled with respect to the interior surface such that when a scrubbing spray is introduced into the interior region of the second pipe, a radial and axial momentum is imparted to an effluent gas within the second pipe.
41. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 31 to 40, wherein the interior surface of the second pipe is provided with at least one helical rib.
42. The cleansing apparatus of claim 41, wherein the interior surface of the second pipe is provided with at least two helical ribs.
43. The cleansing apparatus of either claim 41 or 42, wherein the at least one helical rib or the at least two helical ribs of the second pipe is of varying frequency.
44. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the at least one helical rib or the at least two helical ribs of the second pipe is integrally formed in the second wall.
45. The cleansing apparatus of claim 32, wherein the interior surface of the second pipe is provided with at least one helical rib and wherein the second plurality of nozzles is disposed on the at least one helical rib of the second pipe.
46. The cleansing apparatus of claim 33, wherein the interior surface of the second pipe is provided with at least one helical rib and wherein the at least two sets of nozzles are disposed on the at least one helical rib of the second pipe.
47. The cleansing apparatus of claim 32, wherein the interior surface of the second pipe is provided with at least one helical rib and wherein the second plurality of nozzles is disposed along the at least one helical rib of the second pipe.
48. The cleansing apparatus of claim 33, wherein the interior surface of the second pipe is provided with at least one helical rib and wherein the at least two sets of nozzles are disposed along the at least one helical rib of the second pipe.
49. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 31 to 48, wherein the second pipe is in communication with the outlet means for discharging scrubbed effluent gas.
50. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 39, wherein the outlet means for discharging scrubbed effluent gas is in communication with a sequestration means.
51. The cleansing apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 39, wherein the outlet means for discharging scrubbed effluent gas is in communication with the atmosphere.
52. A method for scrubbing effluent gas, comprising:
receiving the effluent gas in a cleansing apparatus in accordance with Claim 11;
spraying the effluent gas with a plurality of scrubbing sprays in the scrubbing means whilst creating a vortex of the effluent gas and the plurality of scrubbing sprays within the scrubbing means, collecting at least one contaminated liquor resulting from spraying the effluent gas with at least one of the plurality of scrubbing sprays; and cleansing the at least one contaminated liquor, wherein the plurality of scrubbing sprays comprises the cleansed, at least one contaminated liquor
receiving the effluent gas in a cleansing apparatus in accordance with Claim 11;
spraying the effluent gas with a plurality of scrubbing sprays in the scrubbing means whilst creating a vortex of the effluent gas and the plurality of scrubbing sprays within the scrubbing means, collecting at least one contaminated liquor resulting from spraying the effluent gas with at least one of the plurality of scrubbing sprays; and cleansing the at least one contaminated liquor, wherein the plurality of scrubbing sprays comprises the cleansed, at least one contaminated liquor
53. The method of claim 52, wherein the at least one of the plurality of scrubbing sprays comprises ionized water.
54. The method of either claim 52 or claim 53, wherein the scrubbing means comprises a pipe having a first wall with an interior surface provided with at least one helical rib.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002504594A CA2504594C (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | Scrubbing ionized rain tunnel (s.i.r.t.) |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002504594A CA2504594C (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | Scrubbing ionized rain tunnel (s.i.r.t.) |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2504594A1 CA2504594A1 (en) | 2006-10-14 |
| CA2504594C true CA2504594C (en) | 2009-03-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002504594A Expired - Fee Related CA2504594C (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | Scrubbing ionized rain tunnel (s.i.r.t.) |
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| CA (1) | CA2504594C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109289402A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 中铁二十三局集团第四工程有限公司 | Dust falling system is used in a kind of construction of enclosure space |
| CN110700686A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-01-17 | 安徽省公路工程建设监理有限责任公司 | Road construction dustproof process based on engineering supervision information integration |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO338899B1 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2016-10-31 | Statoil Petroleum As | CO2 absorber |
| IT201900012099A1 (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-01-17 | Airea Tech S R L | Process and plant for the treatment of a gas flow containing polluting substances |
| CN113375178A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-09-10 | 胡建平 | Boiler flue gas treatment and waste heat recovery device |
-
2005
- 2005-04-14 CA CA002504594A patent/CA2504594C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109289402A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 中铁二十三局集团第四工程有限公司 | Dust falling system is used in a kind of construction of enclosure space |
| CN109289402B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-06-15 | 中铁二十三局集团第四工程有限公司 | Dust fall system is used in enclosure construction |
| CN110700686A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-01-17 | 安徽省公路工程建设监理有限责任公司 | Road construction dustproof process based on engineering supervision information integration |
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| CA2504594A1 (en) | 2006-10-14 |
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