CA2495356A1 - Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications - Google Patents
Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications Download PDFInfo
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- CA2495356A1 CA2495356A1 CA002495356A CA2495356A CA2495356A1 CA 2495356 A1 CA2495356 A1 CA 2495356A1 CA 002495356 A CA002495356 A CA 002495356A CA 2495356 A CA2495356 A CA 2495356A CA 2495356 A1 CA2495356 A1 CA 2495356A1
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Abstract
A simple block coding arrangement is created with symbols transmitted over a plurality of transmit channels, in connection with coding that comprises only simple arithmetic operations, such as negation and conjugation. The diversity created by the transmitter utilizes space diversity and either time or frequency diversity. Space diversity is effected by redundantly transmitting over a plurality of antennas, time diversity is effected by redundantly transmitting at different times, and frequency diversity is effected by redundantly transmitting at different frequencies. Illustratively, using two transmit antennas and a single receive antenna, one of the disclosed embodiments provides the same diversity gain as the maximal-ratio receiver combining (MRRC) scheme with one transmit antenna and two receive antennas. The principles of this invention are applica-ble to arrangements with more than two antennas, and an illustrative embodiment is disclosed using the same space block code with two transmit and two receive antennas.
Claims (28)
1. A transmitter apparatus for wireless signal transmission, the transmitter receiving incoming signals, wherein the incoming signals are in blocks of symbols, wherein the transmitter comprises:
a coder that encodes the incoming signals, wherein encoding includes negation and complex conjugation of selected symbols; and multiple antennas, for transmitting the encoded signals, wherein the multiple antennas create space diversity in the transmitted signals, and wherein the transmitter creates a further type of diversity in the transmitted signal chosen from a group comprising time diversity and frequency diversity.
a coder that encodes the incoming signals, wherein encoding includes negation and complex conjugation of selected symbols; and multiple antennas, for transmitting the encoded signals, wherein the multiple antennas create space diversity in the transmitted signals, and wherein the transmitter creates a further type of diversity in the transmitted signal chosen from a group comprising time diversity and frequency diversity.
2. The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the incoming signals are in blocks of n symbols, and the multiple antennas comprise n antennas.
3. The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the transmitted symbols have equal energy.
4. A receiver for wireless communication, comprising:
a combiner that combines signals representing estimates of transmit channel characteristics derived from received non-noise signals, wherein the received non-noise signals are space diverse and either time diverse or frequency diverse, and wherein the received non-noise signals comprise sequences of encoded symbols, and wherein encoding includes negating selected symbols and complex conjugating selected symbols and a maximum likelihood detector that receives the combined signals and recovers a transmitted signal using a channel transfer function to determine a distance for which a relationship between the transmitted signal and the estimated channel characteristics holds.
a combiner that combines signals representing estimates of transmit channel characteristics derived from received non-noise signals, wherein the received non-noise signals are space diverse and either time diverse or frequency diverse, and wherein the received non-noise signals comprise sequences of encoded symbols, and wherein encoding includes negating selected symbols and complex conjugating selected symbols and a maximum likelihood detector that receives the combined signals and recovers a transmitted signal using a channel transfer function to determine a distance for which a relationship between the transmitted signal and the estimated channel characteristics holds.
5. The receiver of claim 4, further comprising:
at least one receiving antenna, wherein the at least one receiving antenna receives signals from each one of multiple transmitting antennas; and at least one channel estimator that generates the estimates of transmit channel characteristics and forwards the estimates to the combiner and to the maximum likelihood detector.
at least one receiving antenna, wherein the at least one receiving antenna receives signals from each one of multiple transmitting antennas; and at least one channel estimator that generates the estimates of transmit channel characteristics and forwards the estimates to the combiner and to the maximum likelihood detector.
6. The receiver of claim 5, wherein the sequences of encoded signals comprise block of symbols S 0 and S1 that have been encoded into a sequence of symbols S 0 and -S 1*, and into a sequence of symbols S1 and S o*, where S i*
is the complex conjugate of S i.
is the complex conjugate of S i.
7. The receiver of claim 6, wherein, the sequences of encoded signals are received from more than one transmitting antenna, including a first transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna, and wherein an encoded sequence {S o,-S1*,S2,-S3*,S4,-S5*. . .} is applied to the first transmitting antenna, and an encoded sequence {S1,S0*,S3,S2* S5 S4*. . .} is applied to the second transmitting antenna, where S i* is the complex conjugate of S i.
8. The receiver of claim 4, wherein the sequences of encoded signals are received from more than one transmitting antenna, and wherein the more than one transmitting antenna includes K transmitting antennas to effect K
distinct channels, wherein n.m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L time intervals, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.
distinct channels, wherein n.m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L time intervals, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.
9. The receiver of claim 4, wherein the sequences of encoded signals are received from more than one transmitting antenna, and wherein the more than one transmitting antenna includes K transmitting antennas to effect K
distinct channels, wherein n.m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L frequencies, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.
distinct channels, wherein n.m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L frequencies, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.
10. The receiver of claim 4, wherein the symbols have equal energy.
11. A receiver comprising:
a combiner responsive to non-noise signals received by an antenna from space-diverse paths and to detected information symbols, for developing sets of information symbol estimates, where the combiner develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the detected information symbols with operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and a detector responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates that employs maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the antenna, to develop thereby the detected information symbols.
a combiner responsive to non-noise signals received by an antenna from space-diverse paths and to detected information symbols, for developing sets of information symbol estimates, where the combiner develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the detected information symbols with operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and a detector responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates that employs maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the antenna, to develop thereby the detected information symbols.
12. The receiver of claim 11 where the combiner develops a set of n information symbols from n.m received channel symbols, where m is the number of concurrent paths for which the channel estimator develops channel estimates.
13. A receiver comprising:
a first channel estimator responsive to a first antenna, for developing two space-diverse channel estimates;
a second channel estimator responsive to a second antenna, for developing two space-diverse channel estimates;
a combiner responsive to non-noise signals received by the first antenna and the second antenna and to channel estimates developed by the first and the second channel estimators, for developing sets of information symbol estimates, where the combiner develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the channel estimates obtained from the first and the second channel estimators, with operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and a detector responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates that develops maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the first and second antennas.
a first channel estimator responsive to a first antenna, for developing two space-diverse channel estimates;
a second channel estimator responsive to a second antenna, for developing two space-diverse channel estimates;
a combiner responsive to non-noise signals received by the first antenna and the second antenna and to channel estimates developed by the first and the second channel estimators, for developing sets of information symbol estimates, where the combiner develops the sets of information symbol estimates by combining the non-noise signals received by the antenna with the channel estimates obtained from the first and the second channel estimators, with operations that involve multiplications, negations, and conjugations; and a detector responsive to the sets of information symbol estimates that develops maximum likelihood decisions regarding information symbols encoded into channel symbols and embedded in the non-noise signals received by the first and second antennas.
14. A system for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitter means that receives incoming data, wherein the incoming data is handled in blocks of symbols; the transmitter means comprises;
coder means that encodes the incoming data, wherein encoding includes negation and complex conjugation of selected symbols; and multiple transmitting antenna means for transmitting the encoded data, wherein the multiple transmitting antenna means create space diversity in the transmitted data, and wherein the transmitter means creates a further type of diversity in the transmitted data chosen from a group comprising time diversity and frequency diversity.
transmitter means that receives incoming data, wherein the incoming data is handled in blocks of symbols; the transmitter means comprises;
coder means that encodes the incoming data, wherein encoding includes negation and complex conjugation of selected symbols; and multiple transmitting antenna means for transmitting the encoded data, wherein the multiple transmitting antenna means create space diversity in the transmitted data, and wherein the transmitter means creates a further type of diversity in the transmitted data chosen from a group comprising time diversity and frequency diversity.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the incoming data is handled in blocks of n symbols, and the multiple transmitting antenna means comprise n transmitting antenna means.
16. The system of claim 14 or 15, further comprising receiver means that receives the transmitted data, wherein the receiver means comprises means for developing estimates of transmit channel characteristics based on the received data.
17. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
combiner means that combines the estimates of transmit channel characteristics developed from the transmitted data.
combiner means that combines the estimates of transmit channel characteristics developed from the transmitted data.
18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
maximum likelihood detector means that receives the combined data and recovers the transmitted data.
maximum likelihood detector means that receives the combined data and recovers the transmitted data.
19. The system according to one of claims 15, 16, 17 or 18, wherein the symbols have equal energy.
20. The system of claim 16, wherein the receiver means further comprises at least one channel estimator means that derives estimates of transmit channel characteristics on the basis of the received data.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the receiver means further comprises:
multiple receiving antenna means for receiving the transmitted data, wherein each of the multiple receiving antenna means receives transmitted data from the multiple transmitting antenna means.
multiple receiving antenna means for receiving the transmitted data, wherein each of the multiple receiving antenna means receives transmitted data from the multiple transmitting antenna means.
22. The system according to one of claims 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21, wherein the incoming data are in blocks of n symbols, and the multiple transmitting antenna means comprise n transmitting antenna means, and wherein encoding further includes encoding an incoming block of symbols so and S1 into a sequence of symbols S0 and -S1*, and into a sequence of symbols S1 and S0*, where S i* is the complex conjugate of S i.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the multiple transmitting antenna means comprise n transmitting antenna means, and wherein in response to a sequence {S0,-S1,S2,S3,S4. . .} of incoming symbols the coder develops a sequence {S1,-S1*,S2,-S3*,S4,-S5*. . .} that is applied to a first transmitting antenna means, and a sequence {S1,S0*,S3,S2* S5 S4*. . .} that is applied to a second transmitting antenna means, where S i* is the complex conjugate of S i.
24. A transmitter for wireless communication, comprising:
a coder that receives incoming data in blocks of n symbols, wherein the coder generates coded sequences of symbols, and wherein generating includes selectively negating symbols and selectively complex conjugating symbols; and at least two transmitting antennas for transmitting the coded sequences of symbols with space diversity, wherein each of the at least two transmitting antennas transmits a differently coded sequence, and wherein the transmitter creates further diversity in the transmitted coded sequences, based on time diversity or frequency diversity.
a coder that receives incoming data in blocks of n symbols, wherein the coder generates coded sequences of symbols, and wherein generating includes selectively negating symbols and selectively complex conjugating symbols; and at least two transmitting antennas for transmitting the coded sequences of symbols with space diversity, wherein each of the at least two transmitting antennas transmits a differently coded sequence, and wherein the transmitter creates further diversity in the transmitted coded sequences, based on time diversity or frequency diversity.
25. The transmitter of claim 24, wherein:
n = 2, and wherein the coder encodes an incoming block of symbols S0 and S1 into a sequence of symbols S0 and S1*, and into a sequence of symbols S1 and S0*, where S i* is the complex conjugate of S i; and wherein the at least two transmitting antennas comprise a first transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna, and in response to a sequence {S0,S1,S2,S3,S4. . .}of incoming symbols, the coder develops a sequence {S0,-S1*,S2,-S3*,S4, -S5*. . .} that is applied to the first transmitting antenna, and a sequence {S1,S0*,S3,S2*,S5,S4*. . .} that is applied to the second transmitting antenna, where S i* is the complex conjugate of S i.
n = 2, and wherein the coder encodes an incoming block of symbols S0 and S1 into a sequence of symbols S0 and S1*, and into a sequence of symbols S1 and S0*, where S i* is the complex conjugate of S i; and wherein the at least two transmitting antennas comprise a first transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna, and in response to a sequence {S0,S1,S2,S3,S4. . .}of incoming symbols, the coder develops a sequence {S0,-S1*,S2,-S3*,S4, -S5*. . .} that is applied to the first transmitting antenna, and a sequence {S1,S0*,S3,S2*,S5,S4*. . .} that is applied to the second transmitting antenna, where S i* is the complex conjugate of S i.
26. The transmitter of claim 24 or 25, wherein the symbols are symbols of equal energy.
27. The transmitter of claim 24, wherein the transmitting antennas include K
transmitting antennas to effect K distinct channels, wherein n.m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L time intervals, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.
transmitting antennas to effect K distinct channels, wherein n.m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L time intervals, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.
28. The transmitter of claim 24, wherein the at least two transmitting antennas include K transmitting antennas to effect K distinct channels, wherein n-m symbols are distributed to the K antennas over L frequencies, where K=m and L=n, or K=n and L=m.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US5901697P | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | |
| US60/059016 | 1997-09-16 | ||
| US5921997P | 1997-09-18 | 1997-09-18 | |
| US60/059219 | 1997-09-18 | ||
| US6378097P | 1997-10-31 | 1997-10-31 | |
| US60/063780 | 1997-10-31 | ||
| CA002405875A CA2405875C (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-08-31 | Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002405875A Division CA2405875C (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-08-31 | Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2495356A1 true CA2495356A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
| CA2495356C CA2495356C (en) | 2011-01-11 |
Family
ID=34397071
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002536410A Expired - Lifetime CA2536410C (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-08-31 | Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications |
| CA2495356A Expired - Lifetime CA2495356C (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-08-31 | Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications |
| CA002509947A Abandoned CA2509947A1 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-08-31 | Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002536410A Expired - Lifetime CA2536410C (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-08-31 | Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002509947A Abandoned CA2509947A1 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-08-31 | Transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (3) | CA2536410C (en) |
-
1998
- 1998-08-31 CA CA002536410A patent/CA2536410C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-31 CA CA2495356A patent/CA2495356C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-31 CA CA002509947A patent/CA2509947A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2536410A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
| CA2536410C (en) | 2009-05-19 |
| CA2509947A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
| CA2495356C (en) | 2011-01-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20180831 |