CA2491653C - Method for operation of a power generation plant - Google Patents
Method for operation of a power generation plant Download PDFInfo
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- CA2491653C CA2491653C CA2491653A CA2491653A CA2491653C CA 2491653 C CA2491653 C CA 2491653C CA 2491653 A CA2491653 A CA 2491653A CA 2491653 A CA2491653 A CA 2491653A CA 2491653 C CA2491653 C CA 2491653C
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
A storage power station (S), for example an air storage plant, comprising a compressor unit (V), a turbine unit (T) and a storage volume (100) is operated using a specific method of operation, which allows as fast a reaction as possible to changes in the load demands.
Rapid changes in the load demands are, according to the invention, satisfied by controlling the power consumption of the compressor unit (V), which results in a variable net power output, with the power output from the turbine unit (T) remaining constant. The power of the compressor unit can be controlled approximately one order of magnitude more quickly than the power generation machine can be controlled. In the extreme, the compressor unit can simply be shut down, thus resulting in its drive power becoming available to an electricity grid within seconds. During this process, the turbine unit can continue to operate normally, and can slowly follow the power demand, thus reducing the load on the turbine. A storage power station which is operated according to the invention is thus ideally suitable for frequency support and for covering rapid load ramps in an electricity grid.
Rapid changes in the load demands are, according to the invention, satisfied by controlling the power consumption of the compressor unit (V), which results in a variable net power output, with the power output from the turbine unit (T) remaining constant. The power of the compressor unit can be controlled approximately one order of magnitude more quickly than the power generation machine can be controlled. In the extreme, the compressor unit can simply be shut down, thus resulting in its drive power becoming available to an electricity grid within seconds. During this process, the turbine unit can continue to operate normally, and can slowly follow the power demand, thus reducing the load on the turbine. A storage power station which is operated according to the invention is thus ideally suitable for frequency support and for covering rapid load ramps in an electricity grid.
Description
Method for operation of a power generation plant Technical Field The present invention relates to a method for operation of a power generation plant.
Prior Art An air storage turbine has been disclosed in DE 28 22 575. At times when the power consumption is low, for example at night and at weekends, a compressor acting as a power consuming machine uses electricity that is generated by basic load power stations to pump air into a storage volume, for example an underground cavern in a salt mine. The cavern is charged, for example, to 100 bar. At times when the electricity demand is high or if another power station fails, the stored air is used to drive an air turbine or a combined air/gas turbine, which generates electrical power via a generator. This significantly lengthens the operating life of basic load power stations and, in liberalized electricity markets, the peak power that can be generated in this way allows a considerable financial saving to be achieved. Furthermore, in liberalized electricity markets, the process of covering transient power demands, such as those which occur when a major load is switched on but especially when a major power station block fails, is very highly lucrative. Even the pure provision of appropriate capacities can save a very large amount of money. When power generating plant fail, the capability for frequency support is in demand. During the first fractions of a second after the failure of an electricity supply, the grid frequency can be kept within the permissible tolerance without any further problems in a large grid by virtue of the rotating
Prior Art An air storage turbine has been disclosed in DE 28 22 575. At times when the power consumption is low, for example at night and at weekends, a compressor acting as a power consuming machine uses electricity that is generated by basic load power stations to pump air into a storage volume, for example an underground cavern in a salt mine. The cavern is charged, for example, to 100 bar. At times when the electricity demand is high or if another power station fails, the stored air is used to drive an air turbine or a combined air/gas turbine, which generates electrical power via a generator. This significantly lengthens the operating life of basic load power stations and, in liberalized electricity markets, the peak power that can be generated in this way allows a considerable financial saving to be achieved. Furthermore, in liberalized electricity markets, the process of covering transient power demands, such as those which occur when a major load is switched on but especially when a major power station block fails, is very highly lucrative. Even the pure provision of appropriate capacities can save a very large amount of money. When power generating plant fail, the capability for frequency support is in demand. During the first fractions of a second after the failure of an electricity supply, the grid frequency can be kept within the permissible tolerance without any further problems in a large grid by virtue of the rotating
- 2 -masses of the remaining power stations. However, after this, power reserves must be available immediately in order to prevent the frequency decreasing, and thus failure of the entire grid. Steam power stations which are operated slightly throttled back can provide power amounting to the order of magnitude of around 5% of their maximum power very quickly; however, they require several tens of minutes for power increases beyond this, for example up to 30% of their maximum power.
When a major load is connected to the grid, load ramps are demanded from the power stations, in which the provision of a considerable amount of additional power is demanded in the region of seconds or up to ten minutes. Gas turbine plant and combination plant allow such increases to be coped with within minutes. An air turbine or combined air/gas turbine in a storage power station of the cited type has a comparable reaction. It is also known from operating experience that rapid load changes such as these cause severe temperature gradients and, associated with them, damaging thermal alternating loads and mechanical stresses particularly in the hot gas path (which is already thermally highly loaded in any case) of gas turbine groups or in the steam generators for steam and combination power stations. Geodetic hydroelectric power stations are admittedly able to mobilize significant power reserves within seconds; however, their availability is, of course, restricted.
Description of the invention The object of the present invention is thus to specify a method of the type mentioned initially which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. The invention is based in particular on the object of specifying a capability to react quickly to transient load demands on a power generation plant, both in terms of frequency
When a major load is connected to the grid, load ramps are demanded from the power stations, in which the provision of a considerable amount of additional power is demanded in the region of seconds or up to ten minutes. Gas turbine plant and combination plant allow such increases to be coped with within minutes. An air turbine or combined air/gas turbine in a storage power station of the cited type has a comparable reaction. It is also known from operating experience that rapid load changes such as these cause severe temperature gradients and, associated with them, damaging thermal alternating loads and mechanical stresses particularly in the hot gas path (which is already thermally highly loaded in any case) of gas turbine groups or in the steam generators for steam and combination power stations. Geodetic hydroelectric power stations are admittedly able to mobilize significant power reserves within seconds; however, their availability is, of course, restricted.
Description of the invention The object of the present invention is thus to specify a method of the type mentioned initially which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. The invention is based in particular on the object of specifying a capability to react quickly to transient load demands on a power generation plant, both in terms of frequency
3 -support and, very particularly, with respect to rapid load ramps.
According to a broad aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved by a method for operation of a power generation plant in an electricity network. The power generation plant comprises at least one storage volume. It also comprises at least one power source which can be operated with energy storage fluid which is stored in the storage volume and which, during operation, emits power via a generator which is connected to the power source. It also comprises at least one process machine for feeding energy storage fluid into the storage volume and which consumes power during operation via a motor which is connected to the process machine. The power output of the power generation plant is the difference between the power emitted by the power source and the power consumption of the motor. The method is characterized in that, for a first power demand, the power generation plant is operated in a first operating mode, in which the power source is operated at a first power output, and the process machine is operated with a first power consumption. In the event of any changes in the power demand to a second power demand, the net power output of the power generation plant is in a first step matched to the second power demand by changing the power consumption of the process machine.
Against the background of a power generation plant which comprises a power-consuming power consuming machine and a power-emitting power generation machine, the essence of the invention is thus to react to transients in the power demand by means of appropriate adaptation of the power which is consumed in the power consuming machine. In practice, it has been found that, by controlling or even shutting down the power consuming machine, it is possible to achieve at least - 3a -around one order of magnitude greater load gradients than by means of a control action on the power generation machine. In one preferred method variant, the power which is emitted from the power generation machine is, in a first step, kept constant. This furthermore has the advantage that the power transient does not per se act on a thermally highly loaded power generating structure but on a considerably less highly loaded power-consuming structure. Air storage plant are particularly suitable for this purpose since by virtue of their nature they have, for example, separately arranged turbines and compressors as well as a store in which compressed fluid is temporarily stored for driving the power generation machine and is available even when the power consuming machine is at rest or is operating at a reduced power level. The power generation plant is in this case in a specific initial operating state, in which the power consuming machine, or possibly and preferably also two or more power consuming machines, are feeding a specific mass flow of an energy storage fluid, for example compressed air, to the storage volume for the power generation plant while, possibly and at the same time, a second mass
According to a broad aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved by a method for operation of a power generation plant in an electricity network. The power generation plant comprises at least one storage volume. It also comprises at least one power source which can be operated with energy storage fluid which is stored in the storage volume and which, during operation, emits power via a generator which is connected to the power source. It also comprises at least one process machine for feeding energy storage fluid into the storage volume and which consumes power during operation via a motor which is connected to the process machine. The power output of the power generation plant is the difference between the power emitted by the power source and the power consumption of the motor. The method is characterized in that, for a first power demand, the power generation plant is operated in a first operating mode, in which the power source is operated at a first power output, and the process machine is operated with a first power consumption. In the event of any changes in the power demand to a second power demand, the net power output of the power generation plant is in a first step matched to the second power demand by changing the power consumption of the process machine.
Against the background of a power generation plant which comprises a power-consuming power consuming machine and a power-emitting power generation machine, the essence of the invention is thus to react to transients in the power demand by means of appropriate adaptation of the power which is consumed in the power consuming machine. In practice, it has been found that, by controlling or even shutting down the power consuming machine, it is possible to achieve at least - 3a -around one order of magnitude greater load gradients than by means of a control action on the power generation machine. In one preferred method variant, the power which is emitted from the power generation machine is, in a first step, kept constant. This furthermore has the advantage that the power transient does not per se act on a thermally highly loaded power generating structure but on a considerably less highly loaded power-consuming structure. Air storage plant are particularly suitable for this purpose since by virtue of their nature they have, for example, separately arranged turbines and compressors as well as a store in which compressed fluid is temporarily stored for driving the power generation machine and is available even when the power consuming machine is at rest or is operating at a reduced power level. The power generation plant is in this case in a specific initial operating state, in which the power consuming machine, or possibly and preferably also two or more power consuming machines, are feeding a specific mass flow of an energy storage fluid, for example compressed air, to the storage volume for the power generation plant while, possibly and at the same time, a second mass
- 4 -flow of the energy storage fluid is expanded via the power generation machine; heat is advantageously supplied to the energy storage fluid before and/or during the expansion process. In this case, the power consuming machine absorbs power in particular via an electric drive motor, and the power generation machine emits power via an electrical generator. The net power output of the power generation plant is defined as the difference between the power emitted by the generator and the power consumed by the motor. In a preferred initial operating state, the power generation plant is operated in a steady state in such a way that the mass flow which is fed into the storage volume from the power consuming machine corresponds to the mass flow flowing through the power generation machine. This corresponds to a known gas turbine process in which, however, the turbine and compressor are not rigidly coupled. Depending on the grid load and the electricity price to be achieved or to be paid for at any given time, the initial operating state may, however, also be a discharge mode in which the mass flowing out of the store is greater than the mass flow that is fed by the power consuming machine, or a charging mode, in which the store is charged. In this case, the power generation machine may in fact also be stationary in the initial operating state, which corresponds to a considerably negative net power output.
An initial operating state in which the maximum capability to suddenly increase the power for frequency support is available is an operating state in which all the power consuming machines in the power generation plant are being operated at maximum power. The entire power consumption of the power consuming machines - as will also be described in the following text quite possibly a multiple of the rating during equilibrium operation of the power generation plant - can in principle be made available to the grid simply by opening a switch. In a second step, although considerably more slowly, the power of the power generation machines can be increased, provided that they are not being operated at maximum power in the
An initial operating state in which the maximum capability to suddenly increase the power for frequency support is available is an operating state in which all the power consuming machines in the power generation plant are being operated at maximum power. The entire power consumption of the power consuming machines - as will also be described in the following text quite possibly a multiple of the rating during equilibrium operation of the power generation plant - can in principle be made available to the grid simply by opening a switch. In a second step, although considerably more slowly, the power of the power generation machines can be increased, provided that they are not being operated at maximum power in the
5 initial operating state. To this extent, it appears to be desirable to make use of an initial operating state in which the power consuming machines are running with their full power consumption, while the power generation machines are stationary or are running on no load. Admittedly, when seen in absolute terms, an initial operating state such as this results in the greatest potential to increase the power. However, the power component to be produced by the power generation machines is available only with a delay since power generation machines which are operated on no load - or to be more precise their generators - must first of all be synchronized to the grid. In the interest of the maximum power dynamic response, it has therefore been found to be advantageous to keep the power generation machines already synchronized to the grid with a small amount of power being emitted to the grid. In one very particularly preferred operating method, all of the power consuming machines are thus operated at at least 80% of their maximum power consumption. At the same time, all of the power generation machines are synchronized to the grid and are operated with as low a power output as possible, preferably of less than 10%
or less than 20% of their maximum power output;
however, operational reasons may also demand a higher minimum power. Starting from this initial operating state, it is possible when a rapid power demand occurs to shut down the power consuming machines by opening switches and at the same time to pass a command to increase the power to the power generation machines.
The power which was previously consumed by the power consuming machines is then instantaneously available to the grid, and the power from the power generation machines is made available with a delay time that is
or less than 20% of their maximum power output;
however, operational reasons may also demand a higher minimum power. Starting from this initial operating state, it is possible when a rapid power demand occurs to shut down the power consuming machines by opening switches and at the same time to pass a command to increase the power to the power generation machines.
The power which was previously consumed by the power consuming machines is then instantaneously available to the grid, and the power from the power generation machines is made available with a delay time that is
- 6 -intrinsic to the system and, in particular, with a power gradient that has an upper limit, but without having to previously wait for synchronization. The power dynamic response is thus maximized.
The essential feature of the invention is that the power consuming machine is consuming power in the initial operating state. This is because the actual basis idea of the invention may be regarded as being to use the power consuming machine which is feeding a store to create a secondary power demand, which can be -r 1-,õ
sLIU down as required, iii auuii.ivII to 4-1-11.. actual power consumers in an electricity grid, in the form of a bias, and to increase the net power output from a power generation plant virtually instantaneously when necessary by reducing or shutting down this secondary power consumption. The power output from the power generation machine may in this case be kept constant, at least in a first step.
The extremely wide load control range of a storage plant which is operated according to the invention is significant. This is because, based on the rule of thumb that, in the case of a gas turbine, around two thirds of the gross turbine power is consumed in the compressor, it can easily be seen that, on the basis of a plant which is being operated in the steady state, that is to say at equilibrium, 200% of the instantaneous net power output is instantly available just by shutting down the compressors! The entire load control range of the plant - assuming that the compressor design is based on steady-state operation in equilibrium with the power generation machine as 100% -can then roughly be estimated to have a net power output from -200% to +300% of the rating that is available when operating in equilibrium. This range can also be widened even further by designing the compressor to be correspondingly larger, in which case
The essential feature of the invention is that the power consuming machine is consuming power in the initial operating state. This is because the actual basis idea of the invention may be regarded as being to use the power consuming machine which is feeding a store to create a secondary power demand, which can be -r 1-,õ
sLIU down as required, iii auuii.ivII to 4-1-11.. actual power consumers in an electricity grid, in the form of a bias, and to increase the net power output from a power generation plant virtually instantaneously when necessary by reducing or shutting down this secondary power consumption. The power output from the power generation machine may in this case be kept constant, at least in a first step.
The extremely wide load control range of a storage plant which is operated according to the invention is significant. This is because, based on the rule of thumb that, in the case of a gas turbine, around two thirds of the gross turbine power is consumed in the compressor, it can easily be seen that, on the basis of a plant which is being operated in the steady state, that is to say at equilibrium, 200% of the instantaneous net power output is instantly available just by shutting down the compressors! The entire load control range of the plant - assuming that the compressor design is based on steady-state operation in equilibrium with the power generation machine as 100% -can then roughly be estimated to have a net power output from -200% to +300% of the rating that is available when operating in equilibrium. This range can also be widened even further by designing the compressor to be correspondingly larger, in which case
- 7 -a turbocompressor, for example, can be operated very efficiently on partial load by rotation speed regulation - in fact, the compressor need not be operated in synchronism with the grid.
In one embodiment of the invention, the power consumption of the power consuming machine is controlled such that, when changes occur in the power demand in an electricity grid in which the power generation plant is operated, the sum of the power consumption of the power consuming machine and the power demand of the grid remains constant. The constancy of this maximum power output is preferably regulated to less than 5% of the maximum power output of the power generation machine.
It is self-evident, for example when a very large block is disconnected from the grid or a large load is connected to it, that it is also necessary to take account of situations in which the additional power demand can no longer be satisfied purely by controlling the power of the power consuming machines; in situations such as these, the power consuming machines are completely disconnected from the grid, and the power generation machine is operated in conjunction with other power stations that are integrated in the grid, in a manner that is known per se, with the maximum power gradient. Assuming that the storage volume has been charged sufficiently, it is possible to react very quickly and flexibly even in this situation.
The greatest flexibility and the fastest reaction can in general be achieved when a storage power station comprises two or more compressors which act on a storage volume and can be controlled individually, as well as two or more individually controllable turbines which are fed from this storage volume. One embodiment of a storage power station comprises four compressor systems each having two turbocompressors and intercoolers whose rotation speeds are controlled, as
In one embodiment of the invention, the power consumption of the power consuming machine is controlled such that, when changes occur in the power demand in an electricity grid in which the power generation plant is operated, the sum of the power consumption of the power consuming machine and the power demand of the grid remains constant. The constancy of this maximum power output is preferably regulated to less than 5% of the maximum power output of the power generation machine.
It is self-evident, for example when a very large block is disconnected from the grid or a large load is connected to it, that it is also necessary to take account of situations in which the additional power demand can no longer be satisfied purely by controlling the power of the power consuming machines; in situations such as these, the power consuming machines are completely disconnected from the grid, and the power generation machine is operated in conjunction with other power stations that are integrated in the grid, in a manner that is known per se, with the maximum power gradient. Assuming that the storage volume has been charged sufficiently, it is possible to react very quickly and flexibly even in this situation.
The greatest flexibility and the fastest reaction can in general be achieved when a storage power station comprises two or more compressors which act on a storage volume and can be controlled individually, as well as two or more individually controllable turbines which are fed from this storage volume. One embodiment of a storage power station comprises four compressor systems each having two turbocompressors and intercoolers whose rotation speeds are controlled, as
- 8 -well as two turbine sets, which each act on one generator; the storage power station is operated with storage pressures in the region of 30 bar, and preferably at least 50 bar up to 100 bar.
Thus, when the power demand on the power generation plant is increased, the power consumption of the power consuming machine is reduced in a first step, while the power output of the power generation machine remains constant, in order to increase the net power output and at the same time to satisfy the power demand at that time. In a second step, the power output of the power generation machine is then increased and the power consumption of the power consuming machine is reduced, with the net power output being kept the same as the power demand at that time. In this case, the power demand on the power generation machine and the power reduction for the power consuming machine can take place at the same time without any problems, since the power increase occurs with a slight delay in any case, owing to factors that are intrinsic to the system.
When the power demand on the power generation plant is reduced, the power consumption of the power consuming machine is increased, in a first step, while the power output of the power generation machine remains constant, in order to reduce the net power output and at the same time to satisfy the power demand at that time. In a second step, the power output of the power generation machine is then reduced, and the power consumption of the power consuming machine is increased, with the net power output being kept equal to the power demand at that time.
For long-term operation of the plant, this results in the following possible scenario: In an initial step, the storage volume of the power generation plant is charged in the storage mode, for example at night. In
Thus, when the power demand on the power generation plant is increased, the power consumption of the power consuming machine is reduced in a first step, while the power output of the power generation machine remains constant, in order to increase the net power output and at the same time to satisfy the power demand at that time. In a second step, the power output of the power generation machine is then increased and the power consumption of the power consuming machine is reduced, with the net power output being kept the same as the power demand at that time. In this case, the power demand on the power generation machine and the power reduction for the power consuming machine can take place at the same time without any problems, since the power increase occurs with a slight delay in any case, owing to factors that are intrinsic to the system.
When the power demand on the power generation plant is reduced, the power consumption of the power consuming machine is increased, in a first step, while the power output of the power generation machine remains constant, in order to reduce the net power output and at the same time to satisfy the power demand at that time. In a second step, the power output of the power generation machine is then reduced, and the power consumption of the power consuming machine is increased, with the net power output being kept equal to the power demand at that time.
For long-term operation of the plant, this results in the following possible scenario: In an initial step, the storage volume of the power generation plant is charged in the storage mode, for example at night. In
- 9 -the process, the storage volume is not filled to the maximum level but is charged only until it is approximately half full - in this case, values of between 25% and 75% of the pressure range are very highly acceptable. These numerical figures should be understood as meaning that the pressure range is defined as a minimum permissible storage pressure for operation of the power generation plant which is defined as 0%, and a maximum permissible storage pressure, which is defined as 100% of the pressure range. In this case, the store filling is proportional to the pressure. The mean store filling setting L -h at 1 s chosen ensures in the event of corresponding power demands a reaction capability with an increased power consumption in the direction of storage operation and with an increased power output in the direction of discharge operation. During "neutral" operation, the power generation plant is operated in equilibrium state, as described above, such that the mass flow flowing into the storage volume is equal to the mass flow flowing out via the power generation machine. The power output is between 0% and 100%, preferably 50% to 100%, of the net rating defined above. The plant has the capability to provide power immediately by power control or shutting down power consuming machines. At peak load times, in which high prices are paid for the electricity that is supplied, the plant is operated in the discharge mode, with reduced power consuming machine power and with high or full power generation machine power. At times when the electricity demand is low and the electricity price is correspondingly low, the plant can be changed to the storage mode, in which the power generation machines are operated at a very low power level or are shut down, and the power consuming machines supply storage fluid to the storage volume. To this extent, this corresponds to the operation of a storage power station, for example an air storage power station, that is known per se.
- 10 -However, according to the invention, the storage volume is not completely charged, but is charged only to a maximum of 75%. This allows the following method of operation: At times in which the grid operator pays a high price to provide the capability to react to the grid demands quickly, the power generation plant will be operated with a high power consumption, for example of more than 800, of the power consuming machines even when the electricity price is comparatively high. The power generation machines are synchronized to the grid at a minimum permissible power level, preferably of less than 20% of their maximum power, or even at their minimum power level. For operational reasons, the minimum permissible power level may also be higher, however; for example, the operating license for the plant may forbid relatively long-term operation at such low load levels, for various reasons. This is the situation on the one hand when the power generation plant is provided with additional firing in the power generation machine, as in the case of a combined air/gas turbine. On the one hand, the power output of the power generation machine should sensibly be chosen such that the firing is already in operation. This once again allows the objective to be derived that the firing power should be chosen such that, for example, the combustion is sufficient in order to ensure that approved CO and UHC emissions are not exceeded. This frequently results in an operationally dependent relative minimum power level which is above the cited 20%. In the described mode, incomplete charging of the storage volume is made use of, since the plant is in fact operated in the storage mode and more mass flows into the store than flows out of it: For this reason, the store is thus preferably not 100% filled. As stated above, this initial operating state allows the greatest possible power dynamic range. On the basis of the numerical figures stated above, around 200% of the plant rating can be provided in seconds by shutting
- 11 down or controlled deceleration of the power consuming machines, and another roughly 300% can be provided within minutes by loading the power generation machine.
The choice of this form of operation in a readiness mode is primarily a financial question.
As described, the method of operation of a storage plant according to the invention produces a major effect on the grid by the use of an initial load and by feeding in power, such that it is possibly worth while when, actually for the purpose of transient operations, control of the power demand is handed over from the plant operator to the grid operator.
Further advantageous effects and embodiments of the invention will become evident in the light of the exemplary embodiment described in the following text, or are specified in the dependent claims.
Brief description of the drawing The invention will be explained in more detail in the following text with reference to exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing, in which in detail:
Figure 1 shows an electricity grid with a storage power station which can be operated according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows an example of the embodiment of a storage power station which can be operated according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows an example of an operating concept for a storage power station such as this as a function of the net power output; and Figure 4 shows an example of the power output dynamic range which can be achieved according to the invention.
The choice of this form of operation in a readiness mode is primarily a financial question.
As described, the method of operation of a storage plant according to the invention produces a major effect on the grid by the use of an initial load and by feeding in power, such that it is possibly worth while when, actually for the purpose of transient operations, control of the power demand is handed over from the plant operator to the grid operator.
Further advantageous effects and embodiments of the invention will become evident in the light of the exemplary embodiment described in the following text, or are specified in the dependent claims.
Brief description of the drawing The invention will be explained in more detail in the following text with reference to exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing, in which in detail:
Figure 1 shows an electricity grid with a storage power station which can be operated according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows an example of the embodiment of a storage power station which can be operated according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows an example of an operating concept for a storage power station such as this as a function of the net power output; and Figure 4 shows an example of the power output dynamic range which can be achieved according to the invention.
- 12 -In this case, the illustrated exemplary embodiments represent only a small instructive detail of the invention as characterized in the claims.
Approach to implementation of the invention Figure 1 shows an electricity grid N, highly schematically. Loads Ml to M8 and three power stations or their generators G1 to G3, as well as an air storage power station S, are connected to the electricity grid via grid switches 8. An air storage power station such as this has been disclosed, for example, in DE 28 22 575, which disclosure represents an integral component of the present invention. The air storage power station S comprises at least one compressor V for filling a storage volume 100 with an energy storage fluid, as well as a turbine T which can be operated with the fluid from the storage volume 100. The turbine T drives a generator GS which generates electrical power which can be fed into the electricity grid via the switch 112. The compressor V is driven by a motor MS which consumes a controllable amount of electrical power via the switch 111 and the regulator 114. The difference between the power output of the generator GS and the power consumption of the motor MS is fed into the grid N via the switch 113, as the net power output from the storage power station S. If the power consumption of the compressor V or of its drive motor MS becomes greater than the power that is generated in the generator GS, the storage power station S consumes power from the grid, via the switch 113. In a first operation state, all the power loads M1 to M8 and all the generators Gl to G3 as well as the storage power station S are connected to the grid. The power consumption of all of the loads Ml to M8 as well as that of the drive motor MS and the power output of all the power stations Gl to G3 as well as that of the generator GS are balanced out at a set grid frequency.
Approach to implementation of the invention Figure 1 shows an electricity grid N, highly schematically. Loads Ml to M8 and three power stations or their generators G1 to G3, as well as an air storage power station S, are connected to the electricity grid via grid switches 8. An air storage power station such as this has been disclosed, for example, in DE 28 22 575, which disclosure represents an integral component of the present invention. The air storage power station S comprises at least one compressor V for filling a storage volume 100 with an energy storage fluid, as well as a turbine T which can be operated with the fluid from the storage volume 100. The turbine T drives a generator GS which generates electrical power which can be fed into the electricity grid via the switch 112. The compressor V is driven by a motor MS which consumes a controllable amount of electrical power via the switch 111 and the regulator 114. The difference between the power output of the generator GS and the power consumption of the motor MS is fed into the grid N via the switch 113, as the net power output from the storage power station S. If the power consumption of the compressor V or of its drive motor MS becomes greater than the power that is generated in the generator GS, the storage power station S consumes power from the grid, via the switch 113. In a first operation state, all the power loads M1 to M8 and all the generators Gl to G3 as well as the storage power station S are connected to the grid. The power consumption of all of the loads Ml to M8 as well as that of the drive motor MS and the power output of all the power stations Gl to G3 as well as that of the generator GS are balanced out at a set grid frequency.
- 13 -If now, for whatever reasons, one of the power stations Gl to G3 falls off the grid by opening the grid switch, the power balance within the grid is actually no longer balanced, and the grid frequency reacts to this by dropping. The power stations that are still connected to the grid normally react to this and increase the power as quickly as possible in order to support the frequency. As described initially, power stations have widely different capabilities for rapid reaction.
Furthermore, rapid load changes such as these in power stations result in structural loads on expensive power station components. In addition, the appropriate power reserves must be kept available, which means that expensive investment is not completely utilized and power stations do not run at their best operating point during normal operation. Overall, these factors mean that the maintenance and generation of power for frequency support and for coping with fast load ramps is very expensive. From the technical point of view, it would, of course, in fact be desirable to first of all disconnect appropriate power loads from the grid in the event of failure of a power station although, for obvious reasons, it is actually not directly possible.
In fact, the invention likewise make use of the disconnection of loads from the grid, for example in the event of failing of electricity generation capacities, but this is done without affecting any of the paying loads Ml to M8. This is done by the specific operation of the storage power station S, as described in the following text. As described in the introduction, an air storage power station S as described is operated in the storage mode at low-load times, for example at night and at weekends. The switch 112 is opened and the switch ill is closed, such that the motor MS drives the power consuming machine, the compressor V, which feeds air or some other energy storage fluid into the storage volume 100. No fluid flows out of the storage volume 100. The storage power
Furthermore, rapid load changes such as these in power stations result in structural loads on expensive power station components. In addition, the appropriate power reserves must be kept available, which means that expensive investment is not completely utilized and power stations do not run at their best operating point during normal operation. Overall, these factors mean that the maintenance and generation of power for frequency support and for coping with fast load ramps is very expensive. From the technical point of view, it would, of course, in fact be desirable to first of all disconnect appropriate power loads from the grid in the event of failure of a power station although, for obvious reasons, it is actually not directly possible.
In fact, the invention likewise make use of the disconnection of loads from the grid, for example in the event of failing of electricity generation capacities, but this is done without affecting any of the paying loads Ml to M8. This is done by the specific operation of the storage power station S, as described in the following text. As described in the introduction, an air storage power station S as described is operated in the storage mode at low-load times, for example at night and at weekends. The switch 112 is opened and the switch ill is closed, such that the motor MS drives the power consuming machine, the compressor V, which feeds air or some other energy storage fluid into the storage volume 100. No fluid flows out of the storage volume 100. The storage power
- 14 -station S then only consumes power from the grid. This power consumption makes it possible to operate basic load units such as nuclear power stations or else coal-fired steam blocks at high power even at low-load times, thus making better use of their high investments. At times when there is a medium grid load, the storage power station S is not used, and the entire power demand is covered by the power stations Gl to G3 which are operating close to their best operating point. At peak load times, the switch 112 is closed and the turbine T is driven by the energy storage fluid that is stored in the storage volume 100, and itself drives the generator GS, from which a power demand that cannot be covered by the power stations G1 to G3 is fed into the grid. The invention now makes use of the knowledge that, even at times when there is a medium or high electricity demand, the motor MS in a storage plant S can be operated as a secondary load, analogously to a "bias voltage" in the electricity grid. The storage plant S is, for example, operated such that, during normal operation, the mass flow which is fed from the compressor V into the storage volume 100 is equal to the mass flow flowing out via the turbine T. Depending on the electricity price to be achieved or to be paid for at any given time, the storage plant may in this case, of course, also be operated in the storage mode or in the discharge mode;
the critical factor is that the motor MS applies a load to the electricity grid N even when the net power output is positive, that is to say, considered from the global point of view, the storage power station S does not represent a load. In the event of sudden changes in the power demand on the storage plant S, such as those which occur for example and to a particular extent in the event of failure of one of the power stations Gl to G3 and when a large load is connected to the grid, this secondary load can be changed considerably more efficiently and quickly than it is possible to provide
the critical factor is that the motor MS applies a load to the electricity grid N even when the net power output is positive, that is to say, considered from the global point of view, the storage power station S does not represent a load. In the event of sudden changes in the power demand on the storage plant S, such as those which occur for example and to a particular extent in the event of failure of one of the power stations Gl to G3 and when a large load is connected to the grid, this secondary load can be changed considerably more efficiently and quickly than it is possible to provide
- 15 -additional power. If, for example, one of the power stations Gl to G3 has to be disconnected from the grid, the power consumption of the motor MS is, according to the invention, reduced by simple circuitry means which are known per se, or the switch 111 is opened entirely.
This means that additional power, which was previously consumed by the motor MS, is available virtually instantaneously for the loads Ml to M8. The turbine T
may in this case be operated without any problems using energy storage fluid that is provided from the storage volume 100. In a next step, for example, the power of the turbine T can be increased or it can be started up for the first time; in addition, further power stations which are acting on the electricity grid can increase their power, or additional resources can be connected to the electricity grid in order to compensate for the initial power station failure; the motor MS and hence the compressor V of the storage palnt S can then be starred up again successively.
The storage power station S is illustrated highly schematically in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows an example of an embodiment of a storage power station S. The power consuming machine, the compressor, V in this case comprises two compressor runs each having two compressors and two coolers. In each compressor run, a first compressor 11 or 13 compresses air to an intermediate pressure. The air is cooled at an intermediate stage in a cooler 21 or 23 and is compressed in a second compressor 12 or 14 to a final pressure, which is typically in the range from 30 to 100 bar or 50 to 100 bar. The compressors are driven by drive motors MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS4. The compressed air flows through a throttling and shut-off member 3 into the storage volume 100. Stored air flows via a throttling and shut-off member 4 to the turbine unit T.
Within this turbine unit T, the air first of all flows through an exhaust gas heat exchanger 5 where, for
This means that additional power, which was previously consumed by the motor MS, is available virtually instantaneously for the loads Ml to M8. The turbine T
may in this case be operated without any problems using energy storage fluid that is provided from the storage volume 100. In a next step, for example, the power of the turbine T can be increased or it can be started up for the first time; in addition, further power stations which are acting on the electricity grid can increase their power, or additional resources can be connected to the electricity grid in order to compensate for the initial power station failure; the motor MS and hence the compressor V of the storage palnt S can then be starred up again successively.
The storage power station S is illustrated highly schematically in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows an example of an embodiment of a storage power station S. The power consuming machine, the compressor, V in this case comprises two compressor runs each having two compressors and two coolers. In each compressor run, a first compressor 11 or 13 compresses air to an intermediate pressure. The air is cooled at an intermediate stage in a cooler 21 or 23 and is compressed in a second compressor 12 or 14 to a final pressure, which is typically in the range from 30 to 100 bar or 50 to 100 bar. The compressors are driven by drive motors MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS4. The compressed air flows through a throttling and shut-off member 3 into the storage volume 100. Stored air flows via a throttling and shut-off member 4 to the turbine unit T.
Within this turbine unit T, the air first of all flows through an exhaust gas heat exchanger 5 where, for
- 16 -example, it is heated to 550 C. After this, the air is expanded in an air turbine 6 to a pressure of around 10 to 15 bar. The state of the air at the outlet from the air turbine 6 is normally comparable to the state at the compressor outlet from a gas turbine group. For this reason, the combustion chamber 7 and the turbine 8 of a gas turbine group can be arranged very particularly advantageously downstream from the air turbine. A fuel is burnt in the air in a manner known per se in the combustion chamber 7, resulting in the production of a compressed hot gas, which is expanded approximately to the environmental pressure in the turbine 8, carrying out work in the process. The expanded hot gas is optionally reheated in a further burner 9, and then flows through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 5, in which the residual heat from the exhaust gas is transferred to the supply air to the air turbine 6. The air turbine 6 and the gas turbine 8 of the turbine unit are arranged on a common shaft and drive the generator GS. In contrast to a conventional gas turbine group, the compressor and turbine are mechanically completely decoupled from one another and, owing to the intermediate storage volume in the flow path, the fluid-mechanical coupling also has a certain amount of elasticity. This makes it possible for the turbine unit T and the compressor unit V to be operated independently of one another, such that, as described above, it is possible to react very highly flexibly to different power demands by means of two mechanisms, namely via the power consumption of the compressor unit and the power output of the turbine unit, and to increase the net power output virtually instantaneously, in particular by shutting down power-consuming compressors. In this case, the compressor runs, which are arranged in parallel with the mass flow, can likewise be controlled independently of one another, thus further simplifying the power control for the entire storage plant S.
- 17 -It is advantageous for the controllability of the storage plant for two or more independently controllable compressor runs to be arranged as power loads in parallel with the mass flow, and likewise for two or more turbine units T to be connected as power generators to a storage volume in parallel with the mass flow. Figure 3 shows an example of an operating concept for a storage power station with four compressor runs and two turbine units. In this case, 100% power is defined as the net power output PNET which is produced when both turbine units and all four compressor runs are operating at maximum power in the equilibrium state with respect to the mass balance of the storage volume 100. The line which passes diagonally through the diagram and is annotated PNET
represents the net power output. That portion which is below 100% and is annotated P is the respective power consumption of the compressors. In a first operating region, which is annotated 4VOT, starting at -200% net power output, that is to say 200% net power consumption, all four compressor runs and none of the turbines are in operation. As the power consumption falls, the power consumption of all four compressor runs decreases slowly until, at one point, one of the compressor runs is taken out of operation. Three compressor runs are then operated at full power consumption and are likewise decelerated slowly; this region is annotated 3VOT. This is followed with a lower net power consumption by a region 2VOT, in which two compressor runs and no turbine unit are operated. After this, a first turbine unit is started up, and all four compressor runs are operated at the same time. In the region 3V1T, three compressor runs and one turbine unit are in operation, in the region 1V1T, one compressor run and one turbine unit are in operation, and so on.
At 150% net power output, the second turbine unit and two compressor runs are started up at the same time.
represents the net power output. That portion which is below 100% and is annotated P is the respective power consumption of the compressors. In a first operating region, which is annotated 4VOT, starting at -200% net power output, that is to say 200% net power consumption, all four compressor runs and none of the turbines are in operation. As the power consumption falls, the power consumption of all four compressor runs decreases slowly until, at one point, one of the compressor runs is taken out of operation. Three compressor runs are then operated at full power consumption and are likewise decelerated slowly; this region is annotated 3VOT. This is followed with a lower net power consumption by a region 2VOT, in which two compressor runs and no turbine unit are operated. After this, a first turbine unit is started up, and all four compressor runs are operated at the same time. In the region 3V1T, three compressor runs and one turbine unit are in operation, in the region 1V1T, one compressor run and one turbine unit are in operation, and so on.
At 150% net power output, the second turbine unit and two compressor runs are started up at the same time.
- 18 -The maximum peak load net power is achieved when both turbine units are operated at full load and no compressor run is in operation, that is to say in the region OV2T. The net power output is then 3000. The power which is in each case shown below 0% is the respective power consumption of the compressors, and represents the power which can be provided immediately as additional net power in the manner described above.
Equilibrium operation is achieved, for example, when both turbine units and all four compressor runs are running on full load, thus resulting in 100% net power output; the power consumption of the compressors is then 200%; this means that, on the basis of the operating method according to the invention, the storage power station is able to compensate immediately and without any delay for failure of a power station block whose power corresponds to twice its own rating!
This frequency support capability and the wide control range underscore the superiority of a storage power station operated according to the invention.
Figure 4 schematically illustrates the power dynamic range which can be achieved by means of the method according to the invention. The net power output PNET is plotted on the vertical diagram axis, with negative values indicating a power consumption, and the time is plotted on the horizontal diagram axis. This is based on an initial operating state in which, as already described a number of times, the power consuming machines are running at full power and the power generation machines are actually synchronized to the grid, or are operated at a very low power level, up to a maximum of 20% of the maximum power. Furthermore, it is quantitatively assumed that, when the power generation machines are operating in the steady state on full load, 2/3 of the entire power that is generated is required for compression of the working medium, and that the power consuming machines are designed for
Equilibrium operation is achieved, for example, when both turbine units and all four compressor runs are running on full load, thus resulting in 100% net power output; the power consumption of the compressors is then 200%; this means that, on the basis of the operating method according to the invention, the storage power station is able to compensate immediately and without any delay for failure of a power station block whose power corresponds to twice its own rating!
This frequency support capability and the wide control range underscore the superiority of a storage power station operated according to the invention.
Figure 4 schematically illustrates the power dynamic range which can be achieved by means of the method according to the invention. The net power output PNET is plotted on the vertical diagram axis, with negative values indicating a power consumption, and the time is plotted on the horizontal diagram axis. This is based on an initial operating state in which, as already described a number of times, the power consuming machines are running at full power and the power generation machines are actually synchronized to the grid, or are operated at a very low power level, up to a maximum of 20% of the maximum power. Furthermore, it is quantitatively assumed that, when the power generation machines are operating in the steady state on full load, 2/3 of the entire power that is generated is required for compression of the working medium, and that the power consuming machines are designed for
- 19 -their maximum power at this operating point. It would, of course, also be possible to design the power consuming machines to be larger and thus to cover an even wider power range. In the initial operating state, the net power output is -200%; power is thus being drawn from the grid. At the time t=To, the maximum amount of additional power is being demanded from the power generation plant operated according to the invention. This power generation plant reacts to the situation by shutting down the power consuming machines, as a result of which 200% power is released virtually instantaneously; the net power output is then 0%. Even when compressors that are used as power consuming machines are run down in a controlled manner, the typical power gradients that are achieved are around 120% per minute, with respect to the plant rating, as has already been defined a number of times!
At the same time, the power output of the power generation machines is increased, which leads, although considerably more slowly, to a further power increase up to 300%. It must be stressed that the additional useful power in the case of a storage plant such as an air storage plant can intrinsically be produced very quickly but that, in all cases, this takes place at least one order of magnitude more slowly than is possible by reducing or shutting down the power consumption of the power consuming machines in the storage power station. Typically, it can be assumed that the power generation machine can consume power with a gradient of around 15% per minute. A dashed line is used to show the dynamic range with which the power station plant can advantageously react to a falling power demand. In this case, a falling net power output is first of all provided by controlled acceleration of the power consuming machine at, for example, 120% per minute, thus making it possible to achieve a reduction in the net power output of around 200% of the plant rating in 100 seconds. If greater load changes occur,
At the same time, the power output of the power generation machines is increased, which leads, although considerably more slowly, to a further power increase up to 300%. It must be stressed that the additional useful power in the case of a storage plant such as an air storage plant can intrinsically be produced very quickly but that, in all cases, this takes place at least one order of magnitude more slowly than is possible by reducing or shutting down the power consumption of the power consuming machines in the storage power station. Typically, it can be assumed that the power generation machine can consume power with a gradient of around 15% per minute. A dashed line is used to show the dynamic range with which the power station plant can advantageously react to a falling power demand. In this case, a falling net power output is first of all provided by controlled acceleration of the power consuming machine at, for example, 120% per minute, thus making it possible to achieve a reduction in the net power output of around 200% of the plant rating in 100 seconds. If greater load changes occur,
- 20 -the power output of the power generation machine is also changed. This also reveals another interesting item. A storage plant of the described type which is operated according to the invention makes it possible to achieve rapidly successive load cycles of up to 200%
of the plant rating without needing to subject thermally highly loaded components to any alternating load. Within this order of magnitude, the power control can be carried out completely by the power consuming machines. Reference is made once again to Figure 2, in order to estimate the alternating thermal load on them.
Assuming that the storage pressure is 100 bar, that the pressure ratios of each of the series-connected compressors 11 and 12 or 13 and 14 are the same, that the compression process takes place from the environmental state at 15 C and intermediate cooling is carried out in the coolers 21, 23 to environmental temperature, and subject to isotropic compression, maximum temperatures of little more than 300 C are reached and, if the storage pressure is 50 bar, only around 250 C. These temperatures are, of course, considerably lower than those in the power consuming machine, for which reason alternating loads result in considerably lower loads on the structures. As mentioned a number of times above, the power range to be covered solely by compressor control can be widened further by designing the compressors to be correspondingly larger.
An additional advantage of the method according to the invention is that the technology of air storage turbines and their use for peak load coverage are well known and proven in engineering. When designing a power station to be operated according to the invention, it is also possible to use proven standard components to a major extent.
of the plant rating without needing to subject thermally highly loaded components to any alternating load. Within this order of magnitude, the power control can be carried out completely by the power consuming machines. Reference is made once again to Figure 2, in order to estimate the alternating thermal load on them.
Assuming that the storage pressure is 100 bar, that the pressure ratios of each of the series-connected compressors 11 and 12 or 13 and 14 are the same, that the compression process takes place from the environmental state at 15 C and intermediate cooling is carried out in the coolers 21, 23 to environmental temperature, and subject to isotropic compression, maximum temperatures of little more than 300 C are reached and, if the storage pressure is 50 bar, only around 250 C. These temperatures are, of course, considerably lower than those in the power consuming machine, for which reason alternating loads result in considerably lower loads on the structures. As mentioned a number of times above, the power range to be covered solely by compressor control can be widened further by designing the compressors to be correspondingly larger.
An additional advantage of the method according to the invention is that the technology of air storage turbines and their use for peak load coverage are well known and proven in engineering. When designing a power station to be operated according to the invention, it is also possible to use proven standard components to a major extent.
- 21 -List of reference symbols 3 Shut-off and throttling member 4 Shut-off and throttling member Heat exchanger, exhaust gas heat exchanger, recuperator 6 Air turbine 7 Combustion chamber 8 Gas turbine 9 Additional firing 11 Compressor 12 Compressor 13 Compressor 14 Compressor 21 Intercooler
22 Air cooler
23 Intercooler
24 Air cooler 100 Storage volume 111 Switch 112 Switch 113 Mains switch 114 Regulator Gl, G2, G3 Power stations GS Generator for the power generation machine in the storage power station Ml, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8 Loads MS Drive motor for the power consuming machine for the storage power station MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4 Drive motors for the power consuming machine for the storage power station S Storage power station T Turbine unit, power generation machine V Compressor unit, power consuming machine PNET Net power output P_ Power consumption of the power consuming machine
Claims (12)
1. A method for operation of a power generation plant in an electricity network, which power generation plant comprises:
at least one storage volume;
at least one power source which can be operated with energy storage fluid which is stored in the storage volume and which, during operation, emits power via a generator which is connected to the power source;
at least one process machine for feeding energy storage fluid into the storage volume and which consumes power during operation via a motor which is connected to the process machine;
with the net power output of the power generation plant being the difference between the power emitted by the power source and the power consumption of the motor, characterized in that, for a first power demand, the power generation plant is operated in a first operating mode, in which the power source is operated at a first power output, and the process machine is operated with a first power consumption, and in that, in the event of any changes in the power demand to a second power demand, the net power output of the power generation plant is in a first step matched to the second power demand by changing the power consumption of the process machine.
at least one storage volume;
at least one power source which can be operated with energy storage fluid which is stored in the storage volume and which, during operation, emits power via a generator which is connected to the power source;
at least one process machine for feeding energy storage fluid into the storage volume and which consumes power during operation via a motor which is connected to the process machine;
with the net power output of the power generation plant being the difference between the power emitted by the power source and the power consumption of the motor, characterized in that, for a first power demand, the power generation plant is operated in a first operating mode, in which the power source is operated at a first power output, and the process machine is operated with a first power consumption, and in that, in the event of any changes in the power demand to a second power demand, the net power output of the power generation plant is in a first step matched to the second power demand by changing the power consumption of the process machine.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein, in a first step, the power emitted by the power source is kept constant.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the process machine is operated in order to at least approximately compensate for load fluctuations in the network, such that the power consumption of the process machine is controlled such that the sum of the power consumption of the process machine and the power demand from the network is kept at least approximately constant.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the constancy of the total power consumption is regulated to less than 5% of the maximum power output of the power source.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the change in the power demand is an increase in the power demand and, in a first step, the power consumption of the process machine is reduced, and wherein, in a second step, the power output of the power source is increased and the power consumption of the process machine is reduced, with the net power output being kept constant and equal to the second power demand.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the change in the power demand is a reduction in the power demand and, in a first step, the power consumption of the process machine is increased, and wherein, in a second step, the power output of the power source is reduced and the power consumption of the process machine is increased, with the net power output being kept constant and equal to the second power demand.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, in the first operating state, the mass flow of the energy storage fluid which is fed to the storage volume and the mass flow of the energy storage fluid which flows out of the storage volume are of equal magnitude.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the power generation plant comprises two or more process machines which can be controlled independently of one another, and wherein, when the power demand rises, individual process machines are decelerated and/or shut down successively, and in that, when the power demand falls, individual process machines are accelerated and/or connected successively.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which the power generation plant comprises two or more power sources which can be controlled independently of one another, and wherein, when the power demand rises, individual power sources are accelerated and/or connected successively, and in that, when the power demand falls, individual power sources are decelerated and/or shut down successively.
10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, in order to maintain the maximum power dynamic response, all the process machines are each operated at at least 80% of their maximum power consumption, and in that the generators of all the power sources are synchronized and connected to the network, with the power sources each being operated at the minimum permissible power.
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the power sources are operated at less than 20%, and preferably less than 10%, of their maximum power output.
12. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the power demand is predetermined by the network operator.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1177/02 | 2002-07-04 | ||
| CH11772002 | 2002-07-04 | ||
| PCT/CH2003/000431 WO2004005685A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Method for operating an energy storing energy generating plant |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2491653A1 CA2491653A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| CA2491653C true CA2491653C (en) | 2010-11-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2491653A Expired - Fee Related CA2491653C (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Method for operation of a power generation plant |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1520090B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003240370A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2491653C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50305698D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004005685A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7464551B2 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2008-12-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Method for operation of a power generation plant |
| WO2005027302A1 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-24 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Modular power plant with a compressor and turbine unit and pressure storage volumes |
| WO2013021353A1 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-14 | Bar-Ilan University | Surface modified proteinaceous spherical particles and uses thereof |
| DE102011082827A1 (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Air turbine plant |
| DE102011055230A1 (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-23 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Method of providing control power |
| DE102011055231A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | Evonik Industries Ag | Method of providing control power |
| DE102011055225A1 (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Method of providing control power |
| DE102011055229A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Method for providing control power with an energy storage using tolerances in determining the frequency deviation |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL84772C (en) * | 1950-11-04 | 1956-11-15 | ||
| DE2263051A1 (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-07-04 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | GAS TURBINE SYSTEM WITH UPSTANDING AIR STORAGE |
| US4324987A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1982-04-13 | Cyborex Laboratories, Inc. | System and method for optimizing shed/restore operations for electrical loads |
| US4353214A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1982-10-12 | Gardner James H | Energy storage system for electric utility plant |
| JP2679058B2 (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1997-11-19 | 北越工業株式会社 | Power consumption peak cut device |
| US6153943A (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-11-28 | Mistr, Jr.; Alfred F. | Power conditioning apparatus with energy conversion and storage |
-
2003
- 2003-06-30 WO PCT/CH2003/000431 patent/WO2004005685A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-06-30 CA CA2491653A patent/CA2491653C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-30 DE DE50305698T patent/DE50305698D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-30 AU AU2003240370A patent/AU2003240370A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-30 EP EP03729785A patent/EP1520090B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50305698D1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
| CA2491653A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| EP1520090A1 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
| WO2004005685A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| EP1520090B1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
| AU2003240370A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
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