CA2487777A1 - High performance telecommunications cable - Google Patents
High performance telecommunications cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2487777A1 CA2487777A1 CA 2487777 CA2487777A CA2487777A1 CA 2487777 A1 CA2487777 A1 CA 2487777A1 CA 2487777 CA2487777 CA 2487777 CA 2487777 A CA2487777 A CA 2487777A CA 2487777 A1 CA2487777 A1 CA 2487777A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- twisted pairs
- cross web
- cross
- dividing strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
Description
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
High Performance Telecommunications Cable FILED OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high performance telecommunications cable.
In particular the present invention relates to a staggered asymmetric cross web as well as a cable design including a rod wound around the cable core improving PSANEXT.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The introduction of a new IEEE proposal for 10G (Gigabit per second) transmission speeds over copper cable has spearheaded the development of new copper Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable designs capable to perform at this speed.
As known in the art, such UTP cables typically consist of four twisted pairs of conductors each having a different twist lay. In many installations, a number of UTP cables are arranged in cable runs such that they run side by side in parallel. In particular, in order to simplify the installation of UTP cables in cable runs, EMC conduit, patch bays or the like, a number of UTP cables are often bound together using twist ties or tape or the like. A major technical difficulty in such installations is the electromagnetic interference between the twisted pair conductors of a "victim" cable and the twisted pair conductors of other cables in the vicinity of the victim cable (the "offending" cables). This electromagnetic interference is enhanced by the fact that, in 10G systems which require all twisted pairs of the UTP cable to support the high speed transmission, all conductors in a first cable are the "victims" of the twisted pair conductors of all other cables surrounding that first cable. These like pairs, having the same twisting lay, act as inductive coils that generate electromagnetic interference into the conductors of the victim cable. The electromagnetic interference generated by each of the offending cables into the victim cable is generally . known in the art as Alien Cross Talk or ANEXT. The calculated overall effect of the ANEXT into the victim cable is the Power Sum ANEXT or PSANEXT.
Alien NEXT and PSANEXT are important parameters to minimise as network cards are not able to compensate for noise external to the UTP cable to which it is connected. As a result active systems at receiving and the emitting end of 10G Local Area Networks are able to cancel internal Cross Talk or NEXT but cannot do the same with ANEXT. This is also due to some degree to the much higher amount of calculations involved (24 emitting pairs in ANEXT
calculations vs. 3 emitting pairs in NEXT calculations).
In order to reduce the PSANEXT to the required IEEE draft specification requirement of 60 dB at 100 MHz cable designers are obliged to manipulate the few basic parameters that play a leading role in the generation of electromagnetic interference between cables, namely:
~ Geometry: 1) The distance between pairs, longitudinally, in adjacent cables, 2) The axial X-Y asymmetry of the pairs a cable cross-section and 3) The thickness of the jacket; and ~ balance: improved balance of the twisted pairs and of the overall cable is known to reduce emission of electromagnetic interference and increase the immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Currently, the only commercial design of a 10G incorporates a design that creates an asymmetry on the Y-axis with a special asymmetric cross web that separates the four (4) pairs in the cable (Fig. 1). This cable incorporates pairs with very short twisting lays and stranding lay that are known to enhance the balance of the twisting lays.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To address the above and other drawbacks of the prior art there is disclosed a telecommunications cable comprising four twisted pairs of conductors, a cross web separating the four twisted pairs, the cross web comprised of a centre dividing strip and first and second cross dividing strips attached longitudinally along the centre dividing strip and on opposite sides thereof and a cable jacket covering the cross web and the twisted pairs. The point of attachment of the first dividing strip is closer to a first edge of the centre dividing strip than a point of attachment of the second dividing strip.
There is also disclosed a communications cable comprising four twisted pairs of conductors, a cross web separating the twisted pairs, the cross web comprised of a centre dividing strip and first and second cross dividing strips attached longitudinally along the centre dividing strip and on opposite sides thereof, a longitudinal rod wound around the cross web and the twisted pairs along a length of the cable and a cable jacket covering the cross web and the twisted pairs.
Furthermore, there is disclosed a telecommunications cable comprising four twisted pairs of conductors, a cross web separating the four twisted pairs, the cross web having an X shaped cross section comprised of first and second transverse arms and a cable jacket covering the cross web and the twisted pairs. A thickness of the first transverse arm is greater than a thickness of the second transverse arm.
Additionally, there is disclosed a telecommunications cable comprising four twisted pairs of conductors, a cross web separating the four twisted pairs and a cable jacket covering the cross web and the twisted pairs. The cable jacket has a thickness which varies along a length of the cable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a cross section of a prior art cross web;
Figure 2 is a cross section of a cable in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a cross section of a cable in accordance with an alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a cross section of a cable in accordance with a second alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 5 is a cross section of a cable in accordance with a third alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to Figure 2, a cable, generally referred to using the numeral 10, is disclosed. The cable 10 includes a cross web 12 comprised of a centre dividing strip 14, a first cross dividing strip 16 and second cross dividing strip 18, attached longitudinally along the centre dividing strip 14 and on opposite sides thereof for maintaining a prescribed separating between finristed pairs 20~, 20z, 203, 204 and a cable jacket 22 covering the cross web 12 and twisted pairs as in 20. The point of attachment 24 of the first dividing strip is closer to a first edge 26 of the centre dividing strip than a point of attachment of the second dividing strip 28. The cross web 12 improves the geometry of the cable by creating an asymmetry on both X and Y-axis that translates into a hellicoidal pattern of the pairs in the Z direction, i.e. along the length of the cable 10.
In order to measure the Alien NEXT, and therefore the effects particular cable configurations have on PSANEXT, a test scenario comprised of one victim cable as in 10 surrounded by six (6) other offending cables was used. A test scenario comprising seven (7) cables comprising the asymmetrical cross web 12 as discussed hereinabove was found to reduce PSANEXT of both the victim cable and the offending cables.
Referring now to Figure 3, in an alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention, and in order to further improve PSANEXT reduction, the four twisted pairs of conductors as in 20 are separated by a cross web as in 12 and wound with a round rod 30 (or filler material). The assembly is covered in a cable jacket 22. Illustratively, the round rod 30 is manufactured from a non-conductive dielectric material such as plastic, or the like, in either a solid or stranded form.
Referring to Figure 4, a second alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention, where a cable 10 comprised of four (4) twisted pairs of conductors as in 20 is surrounded by a cable jacket 22 and separated by an alternative asymmetric cross web 12, is disclosed. The alternative cross web 12 is of an asymmetric design where the transverse arms 32 and 34 of the cross section of the X shaped cross web 12 are of different thickness D and D'.
In such cable designs, the incorporation of the round rod 30 (or filler material) of Figure 3 does not appear to provide the same level of reduction of PSANEXT. Apparently, the incorporation of the round rod 30 (or filler material) improves PSANEXT mitigation by increasing the distance between the victim cable and the six offending cables.
High Performance Telecommunications Cable FILED OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high performance telecommunications cable.
In particular the present invention relates to a staggered asymmetric cross web as well as a cable design including a rod wound around the cable core improving PSANEXT.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The introduction of a new IEEE proposal for 10G (Gigabit per second) transmission speeds over copper cable has spearheaded the development of new copper Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable designs capable to perform at this speed.
As known in the art, such UTP cables typically consist of four twisted pairs of conductors each having a different twist lay. In many installations, a number of UTP cables are arranged in cable runs such that they run side by side in parallel. In particular, in order to simplify the installation of UTP cables in cable runs, EMC conduit, patch bays or the like, a number of UTP cables are often bound together using twist ties or tape or the like. A major technical difficulty in such installations is the electromagnetic interference between the twisted pair conductors of a "victim" cable and the twisted pair conductors of other cables in the vicinity of the victim cable (the "offending" cables). This electromagnetic interference is enhanced by the fact that, in 10G systems which require all twisted pairs of the UTP cable to support the high speed transmission, all conductors in a first cable are the "victims" of the twisted pair conductors of all other cables surrounding that first cable. These like pairs, having the same twisting lay, act as inductive coils that generate electromagnetic interference into the conductors of the victim cable. The electromagnetic interference generated by each of the offending cables into the victim cable is generally . known in the art as Alien Cross Talk or ANEXT. The calculated overall effect of the ANEXT into the victim cable is the Power Sum ANEXT or PSANEXT.
Alien NEXT and PSANEXT are important parameters to minimise as network cards are not able to compensate for noise external to the UTP cable to which it is connected. As a result active systems at receiving and the emitting end of 10G Local Area Networks are able to cancel internal Cross Talk or NEXT but cannot do the same with ANEXT. This is also due to some degree to the much higher amount of calculations involved (24 emitting pairs in ANEXT
calculations vs. 3 emitting pairs in NEXT calculations).
In order to reduce the PSANEXT to the required IEEE draft specification requirement of 60 dB at 100 MHz cable designers are obliged to manipulate the few basic parameters that play a leading role in the generation of electromagnetic interference between cables, namely:
~ Geometry: 1) The distance between pairs, longitudinally, in adjacent cables, 2) The axial X-Y asymmetry of the pairs a cable cross-section and 3) The thickness of the jacket; and ~ balance: improved balance of the twisted pairs and of the overall cable is known to reduce emission of electromagnetic interference and increase the immunity to electromagnetic interference.
Currently, the only commercial design of a 10G incorporates a design that creates an asymmetry on the Y-axis with a special asymmetric cross web that separates the four (4) pairs in the cable (Fig. 1). This cable incorporates pairs with very short twisting lays and stranding lay that are known to enhance the balance of the twisting lays.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To address the above and other drawbacks of the prior art there is disclosed a telecommunications cable comprising four twisted pairs of conductors, a cross web separating the four twisted pairs, the cross web comprised of a centre dividing strip and first and second cross dividing strips attached longitudinally along the centre dividing strip and on opposite sides thereof and a cable jacket covering the cross web and the twisted pairs. The point of attachment of the first dividing strip is closer to a first edge of the centre dividing strip than a point of attachment of the second dividing strip.
There is also disclosed a communications cable comprising four twisted pairs of conductors, a cross web separating the twisted pairs, the cross web comprised of a centre dividing strip and first and second cross dividing strips attached longitudinally along the centre dividing strip and on opposite sides thereof, a longitudinal rod wound around the cross web and the twisted pairs along a length of the cable and a cable jacket covering the cross web and the twisted pairs.
Furthermore, there is disclosed a telecommunications cable comprising four twisted pairs of conductors, a cross web separating the four twisted pairs, the cross web having an X shaped cross section comprised of first and second transverse arms and a cable jacket covering the cross web and the twisted pairs. A thickness of the first transverse arm is greater than a thickness of the second transverse arm.
Additionally, there is disclosed a telecommunications cable comprising four twisted pairs of conductors, a cross web separating the four twisted pairs and a cable jacket covering the cross web and the twisted pairs. The cable jacket has a thickness which varies along a length of the cable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a cross section of a prior art cross web;
Figure 2 is a cross section of a cable in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a cross section of a cable in accordance with an alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a cross section of a cable in accordance with a second alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 5 is a cross section of a cable in accordance with a third alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to Figure 2, a cable, generally referred to using the numeral 10, is disclosed. The cable 10 includes a cross web 12 comprised of a centre dividing strip 14, a first cross dividing strip 16 and second cross dividing strip 18, attached longitudinally along the centre dividing strip 14 and on opposite sides thereof for maintaining a prescribed separating between finristed pairs 20~, 20z, 203, 204 and a cable jacket 22 covering the cross web 12 and twisted pairs as in 20. The point of attachment 24 of the first dividing strip is closer to a first edge 26 of the centre dividing strip than a point of attachment of the second dividing strip 28. The cross web 12 improves the geometry of the cable by creating an asymmetry on both X and Y-axis that translates into a hellicoidal pattern of the pairs in the Z direction, i.e. along the length of the cable 10.
In order to measure the Alien NEXT, and therefore the effects particular cable configurations have on PSANEXT, a test scenario comprised of one victim cable as in 10 surrounded by six (6) other offending cables was used. A test scenario comprising seven (7) cables comprising the asymmetrical cross web 12 as discussed hereinabove was found to reduce PSANEXT of both the victim cable and the offending cables.
Referring now to Figure 3, in an alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention, and in order to further improve PSANEXT reduction, the four twisted pairs of conductors as in 20 are separated by a cross web as in 12 and wound with a round rod 30 (or filler material). The assembly is covered in a cable jacket 22. Illustratively, the round rod 30 is manufactured from a non-conductive dielectric material such as plastic, or the like, in either a solid or stranded form.
Referring to Figure 4, a second alternative illustrative embodiment of the present invention, where a cable 10 comprised of four (4) twisted pairs of conductors as in 20 is surrounded by a cable jacket 22 and separated by an alternative asymmetric cross web 12, is disclosed. The alternative cross web 12 is of an asymmetric design where the transverse arms 32 and 34 of the cross section of the X shaped cross web 12 are of different thickness D and D'.
In such cable designs, the incorporation of the round rod 30 (or filler material) of Figure 3 does not appear to provide the same level of reduction of PSANEXT. Apparently, the incorporation of the round rod 30 (or filler material) improves PSANEXT mitigation by increasing the distance between the victim cable and the six offending cables.
Referring now to Figure 5, further improvements in PSANEXT can be obtained by positioning the twisted pairs 20 with the pairs with the longest twist lays (indicated by the reference numeral 20') closest to the centre 36 of the offset cross web 12. In doing so, the distance between the pairs of twisted pairs with longer twist lays of adjacent cables is increased along the length of the cable, and is greater than that of the two shorter lays. As mentioned above, longer lays are known to have less balance and therefore introduce more PSANEXT
in the victim cable.
Additional improvements in PSANEXT reduction may be obtained by longitudinally randomising the twist lays and the strand lay of the core in a gang mode. Thus the randomisation is performed simultaneously on all the pairs in order to maintain the internal twist lays ratios intact. This latter requirement is imperative for maintaining adequate internal cable NEXT parameters. One way to effect the randomisation of the twist lays is by changing the strand lay randomly along the length of the cable. This method affects both the strand lay and the twist lay, albeit to a lesser degree.
The randomisation of twist lays, the strand lay, or both serve to mitigate PSANEXT on a victim cable by eliminating the repetition inherent in the like pairs along the cable length.
A similar effect is obtained by randomising the lay of the round filler around the cable core. Such randomisation reduces the nesting between adjacent cables and, consequently, further increase the distance between the victim cable and the six offending cables.
A substitute to the stranded rod would be an asymmetric jacket extruded with an especially designed rotating jacket and jacketing tools.
in the victim cable.
Additional improvements in PSANEXT reduction may be obtained by longitudinally randomising the twist lays and the strand lay of the core in a gang mode. Thus the randomisation is performed simultaneously on all the pairs in order to maintain the internal twist lays ratios intact. This latter requirement is imperative for maintaining adequate internal cable NEXT parameters. One way to effect the randomisation of the twist lays is by changing the strand lay randomly along the length of the cable. This method affects both the strand lay and the twist lay, albeit to a lesser degree.
The randomisation of twist lays, the strand lay, or both serve to mitigate PSANEXT on a victim cable by eliminating the repetition inherent in the like pairs along the cable length.
A similar effect is obtained by randomising the lay of the round filler around the cable core. Such randomisation reduces the nesting between adjacent cables and, consequently, further increase the distance between the victim cable and the six offending cables.
A substitute to the stranded rod would be an asymmetric jacket extruded with an especially designed rotating jacket and jacketing tools.
The incorporation of the stranded round rod (or filler) and also the offset cross web contributes to a lowering of the overall rigidity of the cable due to a reduction in the mechanical rigidity of the assembly, thereby providing for a more pliant or flexible cable. The same cannot be said in regards to a design such as those disclosed in Figures 1 and 4.
In addition, the introduction of the round filler between the jacket and the core reduces the overall attenuation due to increased air space in the cable. In another preferred enhancement of the above disclosure, the cable jacket is striated in the inner surface in contact with the cable core in order to also reduce the overall attenuation of the cable. This is achieved by the creation of additional air space between the cable core and the jacket.
Although the present invention has been described hereinabove by way of an illustrative embodiment thereof, this embodiment can be modified at will without departing from the spirit and nature of the subject invention.
In addition, the introduction of the round filler between the jacket and the core reduces the overall attenuation due to increased air space in the cable. In another preferred enhancement of the above disclosure, the cable jacket is striated in the inner surface in contact with the cable core in order to also reduce the overall attenuation of the cable. This is achieved by the creation of additional air space between the cable core and the jacket.
Although the present invention has been described hereinabove by way of an illustrative embodiment thereof, this embodiment can be modified at will without departing from the spirit and nature of the subject invention.
Claims (6)
1. A telecommunications cable comprising:
four twisted pairs of conductors;
a cross web separating said four twisted pairs, said cross web comprised of a centre dividing strip and first and second cross dividing strips attached longitudinally along said centre dividing strip and on opposite sides thereof, wherein a point of attachment of said first dividing strip is closer to a first edge of said centre dividing strip than a point of attachment of said second dividing strip, and a cable jacket covering said cross web and said twisted pairs.
four twisted pairs of conductors;
a cross web separating said four twisted pairs, said cross web comprised of a centre dividing strip and first and second cross dividing strips attached longitudinally along said centre dividing strip and on opposite sides thereof, wherein a point of attachment of said first dividing strip is closer to a first edge of said centre dividing strip than a point of attachment of said second dividing strip, and a cable jacket covering said cross web and said twisted pairs.
2. A telecommunications cable comprising:
four twisted pairs of conductors;
a cross web separating the twisted pairs, said cross web comprised of a centre dividing strip and first and second cross dividing strips attached longitudinally along said centre dividing strip and on opposite sides thereof, a longitudinal rod wound around said cross web and said twisted pairs along a length of the cable; and a cable jacket covering said cross web and said twisted pairs.
four twisted pairs of conductors;
a cross web separating the twisted pairs, said cross web comprised of a centre dividing strip and first and second cross dividing strips attached longitudinally along said centre dividing strip and on opposite sides thereof, a longitudinal rod wound around said cross web and said twisted pairs along a length of the cable; and a cable jacket covering said cross web and said twisted pairs.
3. The cable of Claim 2, wherein said rod is wound with a randomised lay.
4. A telecommunications cable comprising:
four twisted pairs of conductors;
a cross web separating said four twisted pairs, said cross web having an X shaped cross section comprised of first and second transverse arms, wherein a thickness of said first transverse arm is greater than a thickness of said second transverse arm, and a cable jacket covering said cross web and said twisted pairs.
four twisted pairs of conductors;
a cross web separating said four twisted pairs, said cross web having an X shaped cross section comprised of first and second transverse arms, wherein a thickness of said first transverse arm is greater than a thickness of said second transverse arm, and a cable jacket covering said cross web and said twisted pairs.
5. A telecommunications cable comprising:
four twisted pairs of conductors;
a cross web separating said four twisted pairs; and a cable jacket covering said cross web and said twisted pairs;
wherein said cable jacket has a thickness which varies along a length of the cable.
four twisted pairs of conductors;
a cross web separating said four twisted pairs; and a cable jacket covering said cross web and said twisted pairs;
wherein said cable jacket has a thickness which varies along a length of the cable.
6. The cable of Claim 5, wherein said jacket thickness is randomised along a length of the cable.
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2487777 CA2487777A1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2004-11-17 | High performance telecommunications cable |
| US11/718,148 US7838773B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | High performance telecommunications cable |
| CA2582689A CA2582689C (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | High performance telecommunications cable |
| CN2005800389818A CN101057301B (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | Separation rack for communication cable, communication cable and manufacture method of cable |
| MX2007005750A MX2007005750A (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | High performance telecommunications cable. |
| JP2007540468A JP5264175B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | High performance communication cable, spline used for communication cable, and method for suppressing crosstalk between adjacent cables in communication system |
| EP05803047A EP1812937A4 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | High performance telecommunications cable |
| PCT/CA2005/001732 WO2006050612A1 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | High performance telecommunications cable |
| US12/887,879 US8455762B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2010-09-22 | High performance telecommunications cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2487777 CA2487777A1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2004-11-17 | High performance telecommunications cable |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2487777A1 true CA2487777A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
Family
ID=36406134
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2487777 Abandoned CA2487777A1 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2004-11-17 | High performance telecommunications cable |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2487777A1 (en) |
-
2004
- 2004-11-17 CA CA 2487777 patent/CA2487777A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |