CA2486448A1 - Encrypted and watermarked temporal and resolution layering in advanced television - Google Patents

Encrypted and watermarked temporal and resolution layering in advanced television Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2486448A1
CA2486448A1 CA002486448A CA2486448A CA2486448A1 CA 2486448 A1 CA2486448 A1 CA 2486448A1 CA 002486448 A CA002486448 A CA 002486448A CA 2486448 A CA2486448 A CA 2486448A CA 2486448 A1 CA2486448 A1 CA 2486448A1
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Prior art keywords
unit
units
watermark
data stream
watermarking technique
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CA002486448A
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French (fr)
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CA2486448C (en
Inventor
Gary A. Demos
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Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corp
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Individual
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Publication of CA2486448C publication Critical patent/CA2486448C/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
    • H04N7/1675—Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/0085—Time domain based watermarking, e.g. watermarks spread over several images
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
    • H04N19/467—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/2347—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream encryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
    • H04N21/25808—Management of client data
    • H04N21/25841—Management of client data involving the geographical location of the client
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
    • H04N21/26613—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel for generating or managing keys in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0052—Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0053—Embedding of the watermark in the coding stream, possibly without decoding; Embedding of the watermark in the compressed domain

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

A method and apparatus for image compression using temporal and resolution layering of compressed image frames, and which provides encryption and watermarking capabilities. In particular, layered compression allows a form of modularized decomposition of an im age that supports flexible encryption and watermarking (1404) techniques. Using layered compression, the base layer an d various internal components of the base layer can be used to encrypt a compressed layered movie data stream. By using such a layered subset of the bits, the entire picture stream can be made unrecognizable by encrypting onl y a small fraction of the bits of the entire stream. A variety of encryption algorithms and strengths can be applied to various portions of the layered stream, including enhancement layers. Encryption algorithms or keys can be changed at each slice boundary as well, to provide greater intertwining of t he encryption and the picture stream. Watermarking (1404) tracks lost or stolen copies byck to the source, so that the nature of theft can be determine d an d so that those involved in a theft can be identified. Watermarking (1404) preferably uses low order bits in certain coefficients in certain frames of a layered compression movie stream to provide reliable isentification while being invisible or nearly invisible to the eye. An enhancement layer can als o have its own unique identifying watermark (1404) structure.

Claims (90)

1. A method for encrypting a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, including the steps of:
(a) selecting at least one encryption algorithm;
(b) selecting at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to encrypt; and (c) applying at least one selected encryption algorithm to encrypt each selected unit into an encrypted unit.
2. The method of claim 1, further including instructions for causing the computer to preferentially selecting units to encrypt that will confound decompression or decoding of subsequent units that depend on information in such encrypted units.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one selected unit is a multi-frame unit.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one selected unit is a frame unit.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one selected unit is a sub-frame unit.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one selected unit is a distributed unit.
7. The method of claim 1, further including the steps of applying a first unique selected encryption algorithm to selected units from the base layer and a second unique selected encryption algorithm to selected units from at least one enhancement layer.
8. The method of claim 1, further including instructions for causing the computer to decrypting each encrypted unit.
9. The method of claim 1, further including instructions for causing the computer to decrypting a plurality of encrypted units in parallel.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one selected encryption algorithm differs between at least two units.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key having a key length, and further including instructions for causing the computer to varying at least one of a value for the key and the key length for at least some of the selected units.
12. The method of claim 1, further including the steps of:
(a) encrypting a subset of selected units from the data stream of video information to create an encrypted custom distribution copy;
(b) grouping the remaining units from the data stream of video information to create a bulk distribution copy; and (c) distributing the bulk distribution copy separately from the encrypted custom distribution copy.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key generated from at least one or more of the following factors: a previous key; a serial number of a destination decoding device; a date or time range determined by a secure clock; a location identifier; the number of previous uses of a work; a PIN of a specific authorizing person; or portions of a previously encrypted data stream of video information.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key, and further including the steps of:
(a) storing a plurality of encrypted units on an erasable media; and (b) erasing the encrypted units upon expiration of the keys.
15. A method for watermarking a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, including the steps of:
(a) selecting at least one watermarking technique;
(b) selecting at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to watermark; and (c) applying at least one selected watermarking technique to watermark each selected unit as a watermarked unit.
16. The method of claim 15, further including instructions for causing the computer to preferentially selecting units to watermark that will have low influence on other units, so as to minimize visibility of the watermark.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one selected unit is a mufti-frame unit.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one selected unit is a frame unit.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one selected unit is a sub-frame unit.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one selected unit is a distributed unit.
21. The method of claim 15, wherein the data stream of video information includes displayable frames, and further including instructions for causing the computer to applying the selected watermark techniques to watermark a periphery of each displayable frame, so as to minimize visibility of the watermarks.
22. The method of claim 15, further including the steps of applying a first unique selected watermarking technique to selected units from the base layer and a second unique selected watermarking technique to selected units from at least one enhancement layer.
23. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one watermarking technique is a noise-tolerant watermarking technique.
24. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one watermarking technique applies a uniquely identifying symbol or code to each data stream of video information.
25. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one watermarking technique applies a uniquely identifying symbol or code to each layer of the data stream of video information.
26. The method of claim 15, wherein one watermarking technique uses non-optimum motion vectors as a watermark.
27. The method of claim 15, wherein one watermarking technique uses minor rate control variations as a watermark.
28. The method of claim 15, wherein one watermarking technique uses low-order bit variations in DC coefficients or AC coefficients of the data stream as a watermark.
29. The method of claim 15, wherein one watermarking technique uses low amplitude blurry symbols uniquely added to the data stream of video information during compression to uniquely watermark the data stream.
30. A method for encrypting and watermarking a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, including the steps of:
(a) selecting at least one encryption algorithm;
(b) selecting at least one watermarking technique;
(c) selecting at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to encrypt;
(d) selecting at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to watermark;
(e) applying at least one selected watermarking technique to watermark each selected unit as a watermarked unit; and (f) applying at least one selected encryption algorithm to encrypt each selected unit into an encrypted unit:
31. A system for encrypting a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, including:
(a) means for selecting at least one encryption algorithm;
(b) means for selecting at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to encrypt; and (c) means for applying at least one selected encryption algorithm to encrypt each selected unit into an encrypted unit.
32. The system of claim 31, further including means for preferentially selecting units to encrypt that will confound decompression or decoding of subsequent units that depend on information in such encrypted units.
33. The system of claim 31, wherein at least one selected unit is a multi-frame unit.
34. The system of claim 31, wherein at least one selected unit is a frame unit.
35. The system of claim 31, wherein at least one selected unit is a sub-frame unit.
36. The system of claim 31, wherein at least one selected unit is a distributed unit.
37. The system of claim 31, further including means for applying a first unique selected encryption algorithm to selected units from the base layer and a second unique selected encryption algorithm to selected units from at least one enhancement layer.
38. The system of claim 31, further including means for decrypting each encrypted unit.
39. The system of claim 31, further including means for decrypting a plurality of encrypted units in parallel.
40. The system of claim 31, wherein the at least one selected encryption algorithm differs between at least two units.
41. The system of claim 31, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key having a key length, and further including means for varying at least one of a value for the key and the key length for at least some of the selected units.
42. The system of claim 31, further including:
(a) means for encrypting a subset of selected units from the data stream of video information to create an encrypted custom distribution copy;
(b) means for grouping the remaining units from the data stream of video information to create a bulk distribution copy; and (c) means for distributing the bulk distribution copy separately from the encrypted custom distribution copy.
43. The system of claim 31, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key generated from at least one or more of the following factors: a previous key;
a serial number of a destination decoding device; a date or time range determined by a secure clock; a location identifier; the number of previous uses of a work; a PIN of a specific authorizing person; or portions of a previously encrypted data stream of video information.
44. The system of claim 31, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key, and further including:
(a) means for storing a plurality of encrypted units on an erasable media; and (b) means for erasing the encrypted units upon expiration of the keys.
45. A system for watermarking a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, including:
(a) means for selecting at least one watermarking technique;
(b) means for selecting at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to watermark; and (c) means for applying at least one selected watermarking technique to watermark each selected unit as a watermarked unit.
46. The system of claim 45, further including means for preferentially selecting units to watermark that will have low influence on other units, so as to minimize visibility of the watermark.
47. The system of claim 45, wherein at least one selected unit is a multi-frame unit.
48. The system of claim 45, wherein at least one selected unit is a frame unit.
49. The system of claim 45, wherein at least one selected unit is a sub-frame unit.
50. The system of claim 45, wherein at least one selected unit is a distributed unit.
51. The system of claim 45, wherein the data stream of video information includes displayable frames, and further including means for applying the selected watermark techniques to watermark a periphery of each displayable frame, so as to minimize visibility of the watermarks.
52. The system of claim 45, further including means for applying a first unique selected watermarking technique to selected units from the base layer and a second unique selected watermarking technique to selected units from at least one enhancement layer.
53. The system of claim 45, wherein at least one watermarking technique is a noise-tolerant watermarking technique.
54. The system of claim 45, wherein at least one watermarking technique applies a uniquely identifying symbol or code to each data stream of video information.
55. The system of claim 45, wherein at least one watermarking technique applies a uniquely identifying symbol or code to each layer of the data stream of video information.
56. The system of claim 45, wherein one watermarking technique uses non-optimum motion vectors as a watermark.
57. The system of claim 45, wherein one watermarking technique uses minor rate control variations as a watermark.
58. The system of claim 45, wherein one watermarking technique uses low-order bit variations in DC coefficients or AC coefficients of the data stream as a watermark.
59. The system of claim 45, wherein one watermarking technique uses low amplitude blurry symbols uniquely added to the data stream of video information during compression to uniquely watermark the data stream.
60. A system for encrypting and watermarking a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, including:

(a) means for selecting at least one encryption algorithm;
(b) means for selecting at least one watermarking technique;
(c) means for selecting at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to encrypt;
(d) means for selecting at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to watermark;
(e) means for applying at least one selected watermarking technique to watermark each selected unit as a watermarked unit; and (f) means for applying at least one selected encryption algorithm to encrypt each selected unit into an encrypted unit.
61. A computer program, stored on a computer-readable medium, for encrypting a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, the computer program comprising instructions for causing a computer to:
(a) select at least one encryption algorithm;
(b) select at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to encrypt; and (c) apply at least one selected encryption algorithm to encrypt each selected unit into an encrypted unit.
62. The computer program of claim 61, further including instructions for causing the computer to preferentially select units to encrypt that will confound decompression or decoding of subsequent units that depend on information in such encrypted units.
63. The computer program of claim 61, wherein at least one selected unit is a mufti-frame unit.
64. The computer program of claim 61, wherein at least one selected unit is a frame unit.
65. The computer program of claim 61, wherein at least one selected unit is a sub-frame unit.
66. The computer program of claim 61, wherein at least one selected unit is a distributed unit.
67. The computer program of claim 61, further including instructions for causing the computer to apply a first unique selected encryption algorithm to selected units from the base layer and a second unique selected encryption algorithm to selected units from at least one enhancement layer.
68. The computer program of claim 61, further including instructions for causing the computer to decrypt each encrypted unit.
69. The computer program of claim 61, further including instructions for causing the computer to decrypt a plurality of encrypted units in parallel.
70. The computer program of claim 61, wherein the at least one selected encryption algorithm differs between at least two units.
71. The computer program of claim 61, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key having a key length, and further including instructions for causing the computer to vary at least one of a value for the key and the key length for at least some of the selected units.
72. The computer program of claim 61, further including instructions for causing the computer to:
(a) encrypt a subset of selected units from the data stream of video information to create an encrypted custom distribution copy;
(b) group the remaining units from the data stream of video information to create a bulk distribution copy; and (c) distribute the bulk distribution copy separately from the encrypted custom distribution copy
73. The computer program of claim 61, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key generated from at least one or more of the following factors: a previous key; a serial number of a destination decoding device; a date or time range determined by a secure clock; a location identifier; the number of previous uses of a work; a PIN of a specific authorizing person; or portions of a previously encrypted data stream of video information.
74. The computer program of claim 61, wherein each selected encryption algorithm has a key, and further including instructions for causing the computer to:
(a) store a plurality of encrypted units on an erasable media; and (b) erase the encrypted units upon expiration of the keys.
75. A computer program, stored on a computer-readable medium, for watermarking a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, the computer program comprising instructions for causing a computer to:
(a) select at least one watermarking technique;
(b) select at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to watermark; and (c) apply at least one selected watermarking technique to watermark each selected unit as a watermarked unit.
76. The computer program of claim 75, further including instructions for causing the computer to preferentially select units to watermark that will have low influence on other units, so as to minimize visibility of the watermark.
77. The computer program of claim 75, wherein at least one selected unit is a multi-frame unit.
78. The computer program of claim 75, wherein at least one selected unit is a frame unit.
79. The computer program of claim 75, wherein at least one selected unit is a sub-frame unit.
80. The computer program of claim 75, wherein at least one selected unit is a distributed unit.
81. The computer program of claim 75, wherein the data stream of video information includes displayable frames, and further including instructions for causing the computer to apply the selected watermark techniques to watermark a periphery of each displayable frame, so as to minimize visibility of the watermarks.
82. The computer program of claim 75, further including instructions for causing the computer to apply a first unique selected watermarking technique to selected units from the base layer and a second unique selected watermarking technique to selected units from at least one enhancement layer.
83. The computer program of claim 75, wherein at least one watermarking technique is a noise-tolerant watermarking technique.
84. The computer program of claim 75, wherein at least one watermarking technique applies a uniquely identifying symbol or code to each data stream of video information.
85. The computer program of claim 75, wherein at least one watermarking technique applies a uniquely identifying symbol or code to each layer of the data stream of video information.
86. The computer program of claim 75, wherein one watermarking technique uses non-optimum motion vectors as a watermark.
87. The computer program of claim 75, wherein one watermarking technique uses minor rate control variations as a watermark.
88. The computer program of claim 75, wherein one watermarking technique uses low-order bit variations in DC coefficients or AC coefficients of the data stream as a watermark.
89. The computer program of claim 75, wherein one watermarking technique uses low amplitude blurry symbols uniquely added to the data stream of video information during compression to uniquely watermark the data stream.
90. A computer program, stored on a computer-readable medium, for encrypting and watermarking a data stream of video information encoded and compressed into a base layer and at least one enhancement layer, the computer program comprising instructions for causing a computer to:
(a) select at least one encryption algorithm;

(b) select at least one watermarking technique;
(c) select at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to encrypt;
(d) select at least one unit of one of the base layer or at least one enhancement layer to watermark;
(e) apply at least one selected watermarking technique to watermark each selected unit as a watermarked unit; and (f) apply at least one selected encryption algorithm to encrypt each selected unit into an encrypted unit.
CA2486448A 2002-06-13 2002-06-13 Encrypted and watermarked temporal and resolution layering in advanced television Expired - Fee Related CA2486448C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2002/018884 WO2004012455A1 (en) 2002-06-13 2002-06-13 Encrypted and watermarked temporel and resolution layering in advanced television

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CA2486448C CA2486448C (en) 2012-01-24

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JP (1) JP2005530462A (en)
AU (1) AU2002318344B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2486448C (en)
WO (1) WO2004012455A1 (en)

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FR2843517B1 (en) * 2002-08-06 2005-02-11 Medialive DEVICE FOR THE INTERFERENCE OF MULTIMEDIA AND AUDIOVISUAL CONTENTS OF THE MPEG-4 TYPE
EP1855436A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-14 Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh Method and apparatus for encrypting encoded audio signal
JP4902274B2 (en) * 2006-06-23 2012-03-21 日本放送協会 Encrypted content creation device and program thereof, and content decryption device and program thereof
JP4932452B2 (en) * 2006-11-24 2012-05-16 三菱電機株式会社 Data conversion apparatus, data conversion method, and program
US9438849B2 (en) 2012-10-17 2016-09-06 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Systems and methods for transmitting video frames
JP6605789B2 (en) * 2013-06-18 2019-11-13 パナソニック インテレクチュアル プロパティ コーポレーション オブ アメリカ Transmission method, reception method, transmission device, and reception device
EP2960854A1 (en) 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Thomson Licensing Method and device for determining a set of modifiable elements in a group of pictures
US9906821B1 (en) 2016-08-23 2018-02-27 Cisco Technology, Inc. Packet reordering system
CN113630606B (en) * 2020-05-07 2024-04-19 百度在线网络技术（北京）有限公司 Video watermark processing method, video watermark processing device, electronic equipment and storage medium

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KR100205701B1 (en) * 1994-12-27 1999-07-01 사또오 후미오 Transmitter receiver communication processing system integrating ther and digital television broadcasting system
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EP1189432A3 (en) * 2000-08-14 2004-10-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. A hierarchical encryption scheme for secure distribution of predetermined content

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EP1512286A1 (en) 2005-03-09
JP2005530462A (en) 2005-10-06
AU2002318344B2 (en) 2008-01-31
CA2486448C (en) 2012-01-24
EP1512286A4 (en) 2009-05-13
WO2004012455A1 (en) 2004-02-05
AU2002318344A1 (en) 2004-02-16

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