CA2480707A1 - Hydrocarbon production using multilateral well bores - Google Patents
Hydrocarbon production using multilateral well bores Download PDFInfo
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- CA2480707A1 CA2480707A1 CA002480707A CA2480707A CA2480707A1 CA 2480707 A1 CA2480707 A1 CA 2480707A1 CA 002480707 A CA002480707 A CA 002480707A CA 2480707 A CA2480707 A CA 2480707A CA 2480707 A1 CA2480707 A1 CA 2480707A1
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Abstract
A system for producing a field having several reservoirs (10, 12, 14) and an aquifer (16) is described.
Branch well bores (30) are drilled from the main well bore (2) towards the different reservoirs. One of the branches may contain a downhole separator for separating oil and water, the water being re-injected either into aquifer (16) or into the aquifer associated with the different reservoirs; another of the branches may contain a downhole separator for separating oil and gas, the gas being re-injected into the gas cap associated with different reservoirs; another of the branches may contain a downhole storage device for storing chemicals for treatment against corrosion, scale, paraffin wax, hydrogen sulfide etc.; another of the branches may contain a unit for cracking and catalyzing the production fluids. Downhole flow control device such as chokes may be located in the branch well bores, the production of the different reservoirs being commingled in the main well bore.
Branch well bores (30) are drilled from the main well bore (2) towards the different reservoirs. One of the branches may contain a downhole separator for separating oil and water, the water being re-injected either into aquifer (16) or into the aquifer associated with the different reservoirs; another of the branches may contain a downhole separator for separating oil and gas, the gas being re-injected into the gas cap associated with different reservoirs; another of the branches may contain a downhole storage device for storing chemicals for treatment against corrosion, scale, paraffin wax, hydrogen sulfide etc.; another of the branches may contain a unit for cracking and catalyzing the production fluids. Downhole flow control device such as chokes may be located in the branch well bores, the production of the different reservoirs being commingled in the main well bore.
Description
HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION USING MULTILATERAL WELLBORES
The present invention relates to well bore construction. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus of drilling, completing, and producing hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Generally, the exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs has been achieved by the drilling of a bore hole to a subterranean reservoir. Once drilled, the reservoir may be completed and the reservoir may be produced until the well is plugged and abandoned for economic reasons. In the case where 'the well bore intersected numerous hydrocarbon reservoirs, the operator may chose to complete to a reservoir with the option to complete to the upper horizons at a later time.
Also, when the well bore intersects at least two different reservoirs, a dual completion is utilized by some operators. In such a case, the two reservoirs are produced with separate production strings.
Advances in drilling and completion techniques have led to the completion of highly deviated wells. This allows a driller to reach reservoirs that are a significant distance from the surface location (known as the throw). Many offshore wells drilled from platforms are drilled utilizing this technique. One prior art technique involves sidetracking from the production casing; however, sidetracking necessarily involves the abandonment of the lower zone in order to reach the upper horizon.
Another prior art technique is the use of extended reach wells. As the throw of wells increases, they are referred to as extended reach wells. The deviation of the well bores may approach 90 degrees in which case the well will have a horizontal portion. The productivity of a well is increased when the length of the completion actually intersecting a productive interval increases.
Thus, many wells being drilled utilize the horizontal drilling technique in order to increase productivity.
In order to produce the well, certain surface facilities are required. For instance, separation of the oil, gas and water is crucial. Many times, the wells will be required to have compressor facilities or pressure boosting equipment to aid in production.
Process equipment is also needed. Government regulations many times affect the discharges from the well bore, as well as the placement of the well bore. Many fields are now located in exotic regions so that the type, placement and performance of the production equipment is a major obstacle to economic development.
More recently, the use of multilateral wells have been used such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
5,325,924; 5,322,127; 5,318,122; 5,311,936; 5,318,121;
and 5,353,076, all assigned to applicant. The multilateral wells include having a first and second lateral (branch) well bore that extends to a single productive interval. The prior art purposes of the multilateral wells has been to have multiple completions that extend laterally through a single subterranean reservoir thereby increasing the productive length of the completion.
Despite these advances, there is a need for a method to construct a well bore that will efficiently and effectively deplete multiple, reservoirs.
The present invention relates to well bore construction. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus of drilling, completing, and producing hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Generally, the exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs has been achieved by the drilling of a bore hole to a subterranean reservoir. Once drilled, the reservoir may be completed and the reservoir may be produced until the well is plugged and abandoned for economic reasons. In the case where 'the well bore intersected numerous hydrocarbon reservoirs, the operator may chose to complete to a reservoir with the option to complete to the upper horizons at a later time.
Also, when the well bore intersects at least two different reservoirs, a dual completion is utilized by some operators. In such a case, the two reservoirs are produced with separate production strings.
Advances in drilling and completion techniques have led to the completion of highly deviated wells. This allows a driller to reach reservoirs that are a significant distance from the surface location (known as the throw). Many offshore wells drilled from platforms are drilled utilizing this technique. One prior art technique involves sidetracking from the production casing; however, sidetracking necessarily involves the abandonment of the lower zone in order to reach the upper horizon.
Another prior art technique is the use of extended reach wells. As the throw of wells increases, they are referred to as extended reach wells. The deviation of the well bores may approach 90 degrees in which case the well will have a horizontal portion. The productivity of a well is increased when the length of the completion actually intersecting a productive interval increases.
Thus, many wells being drilled utilize the horizontal drilling technique in order to increase productivity.
In order to produce the well, certain surface facilities are required. For instance, separation of the oil, gas and water is crucial. Many times, the wells will be required to have compressor facilities or pressure boosting equipment to aid in production.
Process equipment is also needed. Government regulations many times affect the discharges from the well bore, as well as the placement of the well bore. Many fields are now located in exotic regions so that the type, placement and performance of the production equipment is a major obstacle to economic development.
More recently, the use of multilateral wells have been used such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
5,325,924; 5,322,127; 5,318,122; 5,311,936; 5,318,121;
and 5,353,076, all assigned to applicant. The multilateral wells include having a first and second lateral (branch) well bore that extends to a single productive interval. The prior art purposes of the multilateral wells has been to have multiple completions that extend laterally through a single subterranean reservoir thereby increasing the productive length of the completion.
Despite these advances, there is a need for a method to construct a well bore that will efficiently and effectively deplete multiple, reservoirs.
Summary of the Invention The present invention includes a method of drilling a plurality of well bores with a drill string containing sensing means for sensing subterranean praperties of reservoirs, the method comprising the steps of drilling a primary access well bore and measuring parameters of the subterranean reservoirs from the primary access well bore. Next, the operator generates a subterranean model of the reservoirs and develops target reservoirs for IO placement of branch completions.
A casing string may serve as a primary access conduit for multiple branch wells extending therefrom.
The placement of the primary access well bore is important so that the entry and placement of the multiple branch wells achieves maximum production and drainage from the multiple reservoirs. The positioning of the branch well bore path will depend on the specific geology of the field as well as certain requirements of the various production equipment that will be contained within the branch wells.
The method may further comprise the steps of placing a primary access casing in the primary access well bore and thereafter generating window sections from the primary access casing. The windows are not necessarily in the immediate proximity of the reservoirs (as is the case with prior art wells being generated). Instead, the branch well bore paths will be a function of field geology, drilling concerns and completion concerns.
The method may further comprise the steps of drilling, utilizing the windows, a bore hole to a first target reservoir, then, drilling, utilizing a second window, a bore hole to the second target reservoir. The steps further include completing the first target reservoir with means for completing to the first target reservoir, and completing the second target reservoir with means for completing to the second target reservoir.
Some of the possible completion means include sand control screens, slotted liners, and consolidated packs such as resin coated sand, all well known by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In one embodiment, the operator may position a first and second valve means for variably controlling the flow from the first and second branch. Also included may be sensor means for sensing the production parameters of the reservoir and produced fluids. Under' this scenario, the method further comprises the steps of producing a hydrocarbon from the first branch completion and monitoring the production parameters of the first branch completion. Next, the first valve means is positioned in the closed position once production of the hydrocarbons drops below a predetermined level while the second valve means is positioned in the open position so that a hydrocarbon is produced from the second branch completion.
The invention also allow for cycling amongst the multiple reservoirs. In determining the cycling between the multiple branches, once the estimated productivity of the first branch rises to a predetermined level, various cycling of the multiple branches may occur. One of the measurable parameters will be reservoir pressure. The pressure of the first branch completion is monitored and once the reservoir pressure of the first branch completion rises to a predetermined level, the second valve means is placed in the closed position. Other types of sensor means are available, such as a flow rate sensor, and/or a fluid composition sensor.
A casing string may serve as a primary access conduit for multiple branch wells extending therefrom.
The placement of the primary access well bore is important so that the entry and placement of the multiple branch wells achieves maximum production and drainage from the multiple reservoirs. The positioning of the branch well bore path will depend on the specific geology of the field as well as certain requirements of the various production equipment that will be contained within the branch wells.
The method may further comprise the steps of placing a primary access casing in the primary access well bore and thereafter generating window sections from the primary access casing. The windows are not necessarily in the immediate proximity of the reservoirs (as is the case with prior art wells being generated). Instead, the branch well bore paths will be a function of field geology, drilling concerns and completion concerns.
The method may further comprise the steps of drilling, utilizing the windows, a bore hole to a first target reservoir, then, drilling, utilizing a second window, a bore hole to the second target reservoir. The steps further include completing the first target reservoir with means for completing to the first target reservoir, and completing the second target reservoir with means for completing to the second target reservoir.
Some of the possible completion means include sand control screens, slotted liners, and consolidated packs such as resin coated sand, all well known by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In one embodiment, the operator may position a first and second valve means for variably controlling the flow from the first and second branch. Also included may be sensor means for sensing the production parameters of the reservoir and produced fluids. Under' this scenario, the method further comprises the steps of producing a hydrocarbon from the first branch completion and monitoring the production parameters of the first branch completion. Next, the first valve means is positioned in the closed position once production of the hydrocarbons drops below a predetermined level while the second valve means is positioned in the open position so that a hydrocarbon is produced from the second branch completion.
The invention also allow for cycling amongst the multiple reservoirs. In determining the cycling between the multiple branches, once the estimated productivity of the first branch rises to a predetermined level, various cycling of the multiple branches may occur. One of the measurable parameters will be reservoir pressure. The pressure of the first branch completion is monitored and once the reservoir pressure of the first branch completion rises to a predetermined level, the second valve means is placed in the closed position. Other types of sensor means are available, such as a flow rate sensor, and/or a fluid composition sensor.
In another embodiment, the inven.tian discloses generating a first window section from the primary access casing then drilling a partial first branch well bore from the first window section, with the first branch well bore extending partially to the first target reservoir.
Next, a second window is generated from the primary access casing and thereafter a second branch well bore is drilled from the second window section, with the second branch well bore extending partially to the second target reservoir. Next, the operator would then mobilize a remedial work over rig and reenter the first branch well bore and drill an extended well bore intersecting the first target reservoir and thereafter- completing the first branch with means for completing to the reservoir.
Next, the second branch is drilled (vuith the remedial rig) and completed with means for completing to the reservoir similar to the first branch well bore.
Various branch well bores may have disposed therein means for separating gas/oil/water. Alternatively, the branch well bore may contain process equipment means for compressing or pumping fluids and ga~~ to the surface.
The branch may contain means for treating the reservair fluids and gas with treatment chemicals. Alternatively, the branch may contain processing equipment that would treat the fluids and gas for hydration or catalytic transformation of hydrocarbon molecules. Still further, the branch may contain means that will sense production parameters such as pressure, temperature, fluid composition, and/or water percentage.
A system for depleting a plurality of reservoirs is also disclosed. The system comprises a primary access passage with a first branch well extending from the primary access passage and intersecting a first subterranean reservoir. The system also contains a second branch well extending from the primary access passage, with the second branch well intersecting a second subterranean reservoir.
In one embodiment, the first and second branch well extends from the primary access passage at an optimum trajectory angle for intersection wit:h-the first and second subterranean reservoir. The placement of the windows is not dependent on the proximity of target horizons; rather, the criteria is based on a branch well bore path that can be drilled quickl;r, efficiently, and with minimal tortuosity. Of course, the ultimate paths chosen are based on data known at the time that have been generated in order to model the fields under consideration. As more and more data is generated due to drilling and production quantitative information, the model of the field may change.
The first and second branch well may contain valve means for variably constricting the first and second branch well from communication with the primary access passage. The first branch well contains completion means for completing to the reservoir. In order to produce the reservoir, the first branch well includes production means for allowing the production of reservoir fluids and gas and controlling the production of a reservoir. The second branch well may have contained therein separator means for separating the hydrocarbon phase and in-situ water phase produced from the first :branch well. Also, diverter means are included for diverting the reservoir fluids and gas production from the first branch to the separator means.
The system further comprises first and second sensor means, operatively associated with the first and second -7_ production means, for sensing physical parameters of the first and second target reservoirs respectively.
A feature of the present invention includes use of a primary access conduit. Another feature includes the use of multiple branches that extend from the primary access conduit. Another feature includes use of separator means for separating the oil, gas and water, with the separator being located within one of the branch well bores.
Another feature includes use of a valve means placed within the branch well bores that wi1_1 constrict the flow path so that the reservoir fluids and gas may be restricted or terminated.
Yet another feature includes using sensor means in individual branches that will determine important characteristics of the flow, pressure and temperature of the reservoir. A control means, with a pre-programmed logical command sequence, may be included far receiving information from the sensor means, comparing and analyzing the information thus received, and causing an output signal to maneuver the valve means to an open, closed or partially opened position.
Another feature includes use of a compressor or pump in one or more of the multiple branches. Yet another' feature is the ability to have multiple branches extending into a single reservoir. Alternatively, multiple branches may extend into mu7_tiple reservoirs.
Yet another feature allows the placement of chemical treating means in one or more of the branch well bores to treat the produced reservoir fluids and gas.
Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of drilling a mufti-lateral wellbore with a drill string containing a sensor for sensing subterranean formation properties during the _g_ drilling operation, the method comprising:
developing a subterranean formation model identifying the anticipated location of one or more hydrocarbon reservoirs;
thereafter using the model to identify a drill path that is adjacent to but spaced apart from a target hydrocarbon reservoir;
drilling a primary access wellbore generally along the drill path;
measuring at least one formation property relative to the target hydrocarbon reservoir frorn said primary access wellbore using the sensor while drilling the access wellbore;
updating the subterranean model 'using the measured formation property to better identify the location of the hydrocarbon reservoir; and developing, using the updated subterranean model, a trajectory path for a branch wellbore~ extending from the primary wellbore and projecting into the target hydrocarbon reservoir.
An advantage of the present invention includes having multiple well bores intersecting muli~iple reservoirs and maintaining the ability to selective manage these individual productive intervals. Another advantage includes the capability of partially or fully commingling the production from the multiple reservoirs. Still yet another advantage is the ability of cycling the multiple reservoirs based on production and/or pressure considerations.
Another advantage includes use of a single main access well bore that can reach numerous targets.
Another advantage includes placement of down hole equipment in the subterranean branches rather than at the _g_ surface. Yet another advantage includes use of less surface equipment in exotic locations which ultimately reduces cost. Still yet another advantage is the ability to deplete an entire field with fewer surface facilities.
Another advantage involves pressure supporting producing reservoirs with the down hole re-injection of gas or water. Still yet another advantage involves modifying the produced fluid composition to achieve desirable physical properties (i.e. change viscosity, wax or paraffin content) which enhances the value of fluids and/or simplify transportation or other production problems.
Another advantage is the main access well bore serves an analogous role as the prior art surface production headers and manifold in that the main access well bore may serve as the placement point of the headers and manifold with the unique advantage of being downhole rather than at the surface. Thus, the equivalent of a sub-sea template or cluster well development is possible subsurface, for instance, within the main access well bore with the teachings of the present invention.
Brief Description of the Drawings An embodiment of the present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a schematic illustration of a main access well bore.
FIGURE 2 is the schematic illustration of Fig. 1 with windows generated for placement of branch well bores.
FIGURE 3 is the schematic illustration of Fig. 2 with a first 20 and second branch well bores.
FIGURE 4A is the schematic illu~~tration of Fig. 3 showing the utilization of valve means.
FIGURE 4B is an enlargement of t:he valve means from Fig. 4A.
FIGURE 5 is a schematic illustration depicting first and second branch well bores utilizing separator and water injecting means.
FIGURE 6 is a schematic illustration depicting a first and second branch well bore utilizing another separator and water injecting embodiment.
FIGURE 7 is a schematic illustration depicting a first and second branch well bore utilizing yet another separator and water injecting embodiment.
FIGURE 8 is a schematic illustration depicting a first branch well bore and second branch well bore with gas recycling means.
FIGURE 9A is a schematic illustration depicting a first and second branch well bore with flow control means in the second branch.
FIGURE 9B is an enlargement view of the commingling device of Fig. 9A.
FIGURE 10 is a schematic illustration depicting a first branch well bore for production and a second branch well bore for treatment means.
FIGURE 11 is a schematic illustration depicting a first branch well bore for production, a second branch well bore for treatment means and a third branch well bore for treatment means.
FIGURE 12 is schematic illustration of the sealing means for sealing a branch well from the main access well bore.
FIGURE 13 depicts the embodiment: of Fig. 12 showing regulation means disposed therein.
FIGURE 14 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a branch well bore with regulation means disposed therein.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referring now to Fig. 1, a schematic illustration of a main access well bore 2 is shown. The main access well bore 2 is drilled from a platform 4 that is set on the sea floor 6. While Fig. 1 depicts a platform, the invention is applicable to land uses as well as drill ships, semi-submersible drilling platforms, jack-up rigs, etc. The placement of the main access well bore 2 is dependent on the interpretation of the reservoirs sought to be produced via the novel system disclosed herein.
Therefore, the main access well bore 2 does not necessarily intersect any one productive interval.
Rather; the main access well bore 2 is placed so that the paths of the branches, to be described later in the application, maximize well bore trajectory and entry angle into the productive zone, which is defined as optimum placement of the branch pathway. In fact, th.e lower end of the main access well bore may act as a completion without the need of a separate branch.
The platform 4 will have positioned thereon a drilling rig 8 that will serve to drill the main access well bore 2. As is well appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the drill bit will be connected to a drill string (not shown). The drill string will have operatively associated therewith logging means for sensing the physical parameters of the subterranean reservoirs. In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, the main access well bore 2 will be drilled while continuously monitoring the physical parameters of the subterranean reservoirs. Thus, the operator will be able to use this data, as well as other data such as seismic data, drill stem testing data and other offset well data in which to model the subterranean structure. Of course, the operator h.as some indication as to location and hydrocarbon potential of reservoirs before drilling. However, the drilling of the main access well bore will further delineate and significantly improve the understanding of the subterranean field leading to a superior model. Also, the drilling of each branch well bore will further delineate and significantly improve the understanding of the subterranean field.
After drilling the main access well bore 2, a development model may be generated. The development model may indicate a plurality of reservoirs. As seen in Fig. 1, the model thus generated based on the seismic data, offset wells, and the drilling of the main access bore depicts a first reservoir 10, a second reservoir 12 and a third reservoir 14. An aquifer 16 has also been identified.
After developing a representative model, the operator may then develop target reservoirs for production, placement of production equipment, all in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
As seen in Fig. 2, after the bore hole has been drilled and the casing string run to the necessary depth, the windows 20, 22, 24, and 26 may be generated from the primary access well bore 2. It should be noted that the drilling rig may be demobilized (taken off) from the platform 4 and a smaller, less expensive, rig may be utilized in order to generate the windows.
The placement of the windows 20, 22, 24 and 26 is dictated 10 by optimum trajectory path of the branch well bores. Thus, the placement of some branch wells is dependent on the location of the reservoirs containing commercial quantities of hydrocarbons, while placement of other branches may be selected for placement of production and process equipment, which will be discussed hereinafter. It should be noted that placement of the path takes into account not only the :longitudinal position but also the deviation desired (or lack of deviation desired) for the specific branch. For instance, a production branch with a high deviation may be selected for a horizontal completion and a branch with a substantially vertical inclination is selected for placement of phase separation equipment.
In ari alternate embodiment, the window may be pre-installed in the casing string at the surface. The location of the window segment would be dependent on the same considerations as the placement and generation of the downhole windows, the ultimate targets and optimum placement of the well bore path to the target. In this embodiment, the casing string (with window segment pre-installed) is run into the bore hole, and thus, milling and generation is not necessary.
Referring now to Fig. 3, a first branch well bore 30 and a second branch well bore 32, is depicted. Hence, the steps would include generating from the window 22 a branch well bore 30 that ultimately intersects the second reservoir. As depicted in Fig. 3, the branches 30 and 32 are completed to the reservoirs 12 and 10 at optimum trajectories. The actual productive intervals 34 and 36 of the well branches 30 and 32, respectively, are maximized since they are essentially horizontal.
However, the path as generated from the windows 20 and 22 allowed for optimum entry and a proper curvature for leading to the horizontal section.
The method of completing the productive intervals 34 and 36 will consist of normal completion methods such as perforating the branch well casing strings 30 and 32.
After the perforating, the well bores 34 and 36 may have placed therein sand control means for preventing the migration of sand into the inner bores of branches 30, 32 as is well known in the art.
As illustrated in Figs. 4A and 4B, the branches 30 and 32 will also contain flow control device means 38 and 40 for controlling the flow of the reservoir fluids and gas into the main access well bore 2. The flow control device means 38, 40 will be placed i~.to a landing profile or landing receptacle 42, 44, respectively. As used in this application, the flow control device means could be a choke means that would allow for a variably reduced flow area, or a valve means having an open position and a closed position, or a check valve means that would be pressure sensitive and allow for flow in one direction but would prohibit flow in the opposite direction. The mechanism and method of placing the flow control valve means 38, 40 into the landing receptacles 42, 44 will described in greater detail later in the application.
Fig. 45 depicts the flow control device means 38, 40 within the landing profile 42, 44.
The flow control device means 38, 40 could also have a microprocessor and sensor means operatively associated therewith. The sensor means would sense certain production parameters such as pressure, resistivity, fluid composition, etc. Based on a pre-determined criteria, once the information has bE:en processed and interpreted with the downhole microprocessor control means, the microprocessor control means would then generate an output signal to the flow control device means which could be to open, close and/or constrict the flow control device means. Moreover, the actual microprocessor control means could be disposed within the downhole flow control device means, or within a central unit located within one of the branches or even within the main access well bore. The sending of signals downhole to the microprocessor in order to manipulate the flow control device means is also possible. The microprocessor control means may receive and transmit through hard wired connection, acoustical links, optical links, etc.
Other types of well branching is certainly possible.
For instance, a scenario is illustrated in Fig. 5 wherein the branch well bore 30A has been completed to the hydrocarbon reservoir 12. A second branch well bore 50 has been drilled and completed to the aquifer 16. In the embodiment depicted in Fig. 5, the location of the window has been selected based on the optimum trajectory angles of the branch well bores 30A and 50 in conjunction with the entry and physical placement within the subterranean reservoir 12 and aquifer 16. The branch well bore 30A
will be completed 52 to the reservoir 12 as previously described so that the well bore 30A is capable of producing the reservoir's fluids and gas. Further, the branch well bore 50 is similarly completed to the aquifer 16, except that the completion 54 is such that the fluids may be injected via the completion 54 into the aquifer 16.
The branch well, bore 30A will have disposed therein a separator means 56 for the separation of the hydrocarbon phase and water phase of the reservoir fluid.
Examples of such separators are found in U.S. Patent Nos.
4,241,787 and 4,296,810 to Mr. E. Price. Another type of separator is disclosed in "Downhole Oil/Water Separator Development", The Journal Of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 33, No. 7 (1994) by Peachey and Matthew.
Still yet another separator is seen i.n U.S. Patent No.
4,766,957 to Mr. McIntyre. Thus, flow from the reservoir enters into the internal diameter of the branch well :bore 30A and enters the separator means 56 as shown in Fig. 5.
The separator means 56 will separate the water and hydrocarbon phase.
The diverter tubing 58 leads from the separator means 56 to a waste water pump 60 that is sealingly engaged within the branch well bore 50. The waste water pump 60 will be capable of receiving the water which has been separated from the separator means 56 and injecting the water into the aquifer via the completion means 54.
An example of a waste water pump 60 is found in the previously mentioned "Downhole Oil/Wat;er Separator Development", The Journal Of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 33, No. 7 (1994) by Peachey and Matthews.
The separator means 56 will have extended therefrom the production tubing 62 which will deliver the fluid and natural gas to the main access well bore 2 after separation. Hence, the fluid entering the main access well bore from the production tubing 62 will not contain large amounts of produced water from reservoir 12.
Referring now to Fig. 6, an alternate embodiment depicting a separator means 64 for separating the hydrocarbon phase and water phase of the produced reservoir fluid is shown. The separator means 64 will be sealingly engaged within the main access well bore 2. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the produced reservoir _17_ fluids and gas will be produced via i~he branch well bore 30A from the completion 52. The produced fluids and gas will then be delivered to the main access well bore 2 and will enter the water separator 64 and will be separated into an oil/natural gas phase and a water phase. An example of such a separator was mentioned earlier.
The separator means 64 will have operatively associated therewith a waste water pump 66 that will take the separated water and pump the water via the injection conduit 68 for ultimate injection into the aquifer 16.
An example of such a separator and pump was mentioned earlier. It should be noted that a packer 70 is set within the main access well bore 2 so that the flow from the separator is diverted to the branch well bore 50 for ultimate delivery to the completion rneans 54 and injection into the aquifer 16.
In operation, the reservoir 12 ~~_s allowed to produce the reservoir fluids and gas via the branch well bore 30A. The flow from the reservoir wi7_1 enter the main.
access well bore 2 and be collected within the separator means 64. The liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas will be delivered to the main access well bore 2 for production to the surface. The water separated therefrom will be pumped down to the completion 54 for injection into the aquifer 16.
A third embodiment of use of separator means is seen in Fig. 7. In this embodiment, the branch well bore 32B
extends to the reservoir 10. The rep>ervoir 10 will be an oil reservoir having an oil-water contact represented at ?2~ The branch well bore 30B will extend into the same reservoir 10, and in particular, will. be completed with completion means 74 in the water zone. A separator means 76 for separating the hydrocarbon phase from the in-situ water phase is sealingly engaged within the branch well bore 32B. The separator may be similar to the separator 56.
The separated in-situ water phase is diverted via the diverter tubing 78 to be delivered to the lower annulus 80 of the main access casing 2. The diverter tubing 78 will be disposed within a ;packer means 82 for sealingly engaging the main access well bore 2. The separated oil and natural gas will be delivered to the production tubing 84 for ultimate production to the surface. Thus, the in-situ water will be disposed of within the reservoir 10, and more particularly, within the water zone. This will have the '.beneficial effect of maintaining pressure within the reservoir l0 as well as initiating secondary recovery via this modified water flood.
With reference to Fig. 8, another embodiment of the present invention depicts the branch well bore 32C being completed 86 to th.e reservoir 10. In this particular embodiment, the reservoir 10 has a gas cap with the gas-oil contact represented at 88. The branch well bore 30C
extends into the same reservoir 10, <~nd in particular into the oil zone, with the completion means 90 allowing the hydrocarbon fluids and gas to flow into the branch well bore 30C. Ultimately, the flow proceeds into tree main access well bore's lower annulus 92. The lower annulus will have disposed therein a packer means 94 for sealingly engaging the main access well bore 2.
Extending from the packer means 94 w_L11 be the divert.er tubing 96 that is operatively connected to a separator means 98 for separating the fluids and gas. The separator means 98 will have connectE:d thereto a pump means 100 that will pump the separated gas via the branch 32C and completion 86 into the gas cap so that the produced gas is recycled into the reservoir 10. Pressure maintenance may be important for several reasons including maintaining the reservoir pressure above the bubble point pressure. Leading from the separator means 98 will be a production tubing 102 for delta ery to the surface. The pump may also be used to assist in delivery of oil to surface.
Fig. 9A shows another embodiment possible with the disclosure of the present invention in order to produce hydrocarbons. In this embodiment, t:he main access well bore 2 has two branch wells extending therefrom with the branch 32D being completed with completion means 104 to the reservoir 10 which in this embodiment will be an oil reservoir. The branch well bore 106 will be completed with the completion means 108 to the reservoir 14 which in this case is a gas reservoir. A diverter tubing 110 will extend to the commingling assembly 112.
The branch well bore 106 will contain flow control device means 114 for regulating the flow of natural gas from the reservoir 14. The flow control means 114 will be seated within the branch well bore 106 and will have disposed therein a valve means 115. A diverter tubing 116 will lead to the commingling assembly 112.
The flow control device means 114, 115 may be a pressure sensitive device that would allow natural ga.s to enter into the diverter tubing and ultimately into the commingling assembly 112. It may al:>o be controlled utilizing the previously discussed microprocessor control means. The intermittent flow of natural gas will allow for the lifting of reservoir fluids into the production tubing 118. This is particularly useful when the pressure of reservoir 10 becomes sufficiently depleted that the reservoir pressure is no longer capable of supplying sufficient lifting capacity of the reservoir fluids.
Referring now to Fig. 9B, an enlargement of the commingling assembly 112 is shown. It should be noted that the commingling assembly used herein was described in Figs. 9A-9C of U.S. Patent No. 5,322,127, assigned to applicant. Referring to Fig. 9B; the main access well bore 2 has been placed within the bore hole 120 and thereafter set into a cement annulus 122 as is well understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The commingling assembly 112 generally consists of an enlarged section having a first input 124 and a second input 126 that is disposed within an extendable key and gauge ring member 128 of the commingling assembly 112.
The commingling assembly also includes a swivel assembly 129 that is operatively associated with the production tubing 118.
The first input section 124 is connected to the diverter tubing 116 and the second input 126 is connected to an intermediate tube 130 that has at one end a set of seal members 132 that will sealingly engage with a polished bore receptacle 134. The polished bore receptacle is contained on one end of the diverter tubing 110. Also contained on the diverter tubing 110 is the centralizers 136.
A packer 138, which may be a hydraulic or mechanical type of packer, for sealingly engaging the main access well bore 2 is provided. As contained within the main access well bore 2 is the whip stock diverter 140 that is used for generation of the window 20. Thus, the completion 104 is isolated from the completion 108.
Another embodiment of the present invention is depicted in Fig. 10. In this embodiment, the branch well bore 106A will extend to the reservoir 14 which will be a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir. The branch well bore 106A
will be completed via the completion means 108A for allowing the flow of hydrocarbon fluids and gas to flow from the reservoir 14 through the completion means 108A
and into the well bore 106A for ultimate production to the surface.
A second branch well bore 32E has also been provided, but unlike the previous branch well bores 32-32D, the branch well bore 32E will not necessarily intersect a reservoir. Thus, as shown in Fig. 10, the branch well bore 32E extends from the main access well bore 2 at an optimum angle to accommodate chemical treatment facilities means 160 for treating the reservoir fluids and gas produced from the reservoir 14.
In this embodiment, the main access well bore 2 will have contained therein a production tubing 162 with the production tubing string being operatively associated therewith a production packer 164 which will form a lower annulus 166 and an upper annulus 168. Hence, as the reservoir fluids and gas enter into the lower annulus 166, production to the surface will be via the route of the production tubing 162.
The chemical treatment facilities means could have different types of chemicals, with the necessary injector capacity in order to introduce the specific chemical (or chemicals? into the lower annulus 16E for ultimate mixing and exposure to the reservoir fluids and gas production.
A metering device may also be included in order to introduce a precise amount of chemical. In one type of chemical treatment, the treatment may be to prevent the formation of hydrates within the lower annulus 166 and that the reservoir pressure i within the production string 162 and into the surface facilities (not shown). Some other types of chemicals that may be placed within the treatment branch well bore 32E include corrosion inhibitors for the prevention of corrosion in the down hole and surface tubular. Also, a paraffin inhibitor may be placed within branch 32E for the deterrence of paraffin precipitation within the tubing 162 and surface facilities. By mixing the treatment chemical with the reservoir fluids and gas downhole, certain benefits are obtained such as introduction of hydration inhibition chemicals prior to reaching uphole pressure and temperature which would promote formation of hydrate plugging. Another benefit is that intermittent down hole injection correlated to shut-downs of the system will permit loading of flow lines and other deposition prone areas with the treated (inhibited) produced fluids.
The method and apparatus of landing the treatment means within the branch well bore 32E may essentially consist of landing a packer 170 within the well bore 32E, with the packer having extending therefrom a tail pipe section 172 with the tailpipe section having attached thereto the treatment means 160. It should be noted that the quantity of chemical actually stored may be a finite amount; however, since the branch we:l1 bore 32E may extend for several thousand feet from the main access well bore, the quantity held within this chemical facilities means can be quite significant.
Referring now to Fig. 11, another embodiment is disclosed that shows the use of multiple process/treatment branches. The branch well bore 30D
will be completed to the hydrocarbon reservoir 12 via the completion means 174 for producing the reservoir's fluids and gas. Also extending from the main access well bore 2 will be the branch well bore 176 that will have contained therein process equipment 178 such as water separation means and injection means as previously described.
A third branch well bore 180 may also extend from the main 10 access well bore 2. The well bore 176 may contain process equipment 182 which in one embodiment may be a catalyst bed to crack the hydrocarbon fluids produced from the reservoir 12 via t:he completion means 171. The benefit of such a treatment process is that the modified hydrocarbon molecular composition may be less likely to wax or build up paraffin deposit in the down hole tubular as well as the surface facilities.
Thus, the branch 30D will contain a packer 184 for sealingly engaging the branch 30D. Extending from the packer will be the diverter tubing 186 which will extend to the branch well bore 176 and in particular for the separation with the separation means 178 of the reservoir fluids and gas as previously set out in Figs. 5, 6, and 7. The hydrocarbon fluid and gas will then be transferred via the diverter tubing 188 to the process equipment 182 for catalyzing and cracking the hydrocarbon molecular structure. After appropriate treatment, the fluid and gas stream will be delivered via the diverter tubing 190.
The main access well bore 2 will have disposed therein a packer 192 which will create a lower annulus 194 and an upper annulus 196. The packer 192 will have extending therefrom the production tubing 198. The diverter tubing will deliver the hydrocarbon stream to the production tubing 198 for transporting to the surface as is well known in the art.
Referring now to Fig. 12, a schematic illustration of a type of sealing means for sealing a branch well bore from the main access well bore with a tail pipe extension is shown. In the embodiment shown, the branch well bore may be the branch well bore 32 depicted in Fig. 4A that extends from the main access well bore 2. The packer means 202 for sealingly engaging the branch well bore 32 is commercially available from Baker_ Hughes Incorporated and sold under the packer model number "SC-1". The packer means 202 has internal bore 204 that will have disposed therein a tail pipe 206. The tail pipe 206 will extend below the packer 202 as least partially to the productive interval. The tail pipe 206 will have contained therein a landing profile 208 for landing an apparatus, such as a plug, orifice, plug, pressure probe, or other production monitoring sensor. Another apparatus that is possible to land into the landing profile 208 is latch placement of operatively associated production equipment such as the three-phase separator, chemical injection or catalytic/reactor devices.
Fig. 13 depicts the packer means 202 of Fig. 12 with the tail pipe 206 extending therefrom. The embodiment of Fig. 13 has a control means 210 for controlling the production into the main access well bore 2. In the embodiment shown, a choke is provided which is a variably controlled valve that will cause a pressure drop at the point of orifice restriction that is well known in the art. The purpose of having the down hole choke is that production from the reservoir is restricted to a limited extent because of the pressure drop created at the restriction. The pressure drop may be used to balance production from several of the open zones, i.e. assist in commingling. Also, the choke may be used for regulating the amount of lift gas from a zone as in Fig. 9A so as to optimize oil production while not unnecessarily depleting the hydrocarbons ar;d pressure available from the reservoir.
Yet another embodiment is shown in Fig. 14. A
branch well bore 212 extends from a window section 21H of the main access well bore 218. This particular branch well bore 214 will have a series of perforations 220 that communicate the internal diameter of 'the branch well bore 214 with the reservoir 222. The branch well bore will also contain landing profiles 224 and 226. As depicted in Fig. 14, a control valve means 228 for opening and closing the branch well bore 214 from communication with the main access well bore 218 is provided. The control valve means is operable between an open position and a closed position. The control valve 2:z8 is retrievable and resettable. The landing profile 226 is generally a back-up profile landing receptacle fo_r a plug. These type of landing profiles 224, 226 are generally incorporated into the casing strings 214.
Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the inveni~ion which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Next, a second window is generated from the primary access casing and thereafter a second branch well bore is drilled from the second window section, with the second branch well bore extending partially to the second target reservoir. Next, the operator would then mobilize a remedial work over rig and reenter the first branch well bore and drill an extended well bore intersecting the first target reservoir and thereafter- completing the first branch with means for completing to the reservoir.
Next, the second branch is drilled (vuith the remedial rig) and completed with means for completing to the reservoir similar to the first branch well bore.
Various branch well bores may have disposed therein means for separating gas/oil/water. Alternatively, the branch well bore may contain process equipment means for compressing or pumping fluids and ga~~ to the surface.
The branch may contain means for treating the reservair fluids and gas with treatment chemicals. Alternatively, the branch may contain processing equipment that would treat the fluids and gas for hydration or catalytic transformation of hydrocarbon molecules. Still further, the branch may contain means that will sense production parameters such as pressure, temperature, fluid composition, and/or water percentage.
A system for depleting a plurality of reservoirs is also disclosed. The system comprises a primary access passage with a first branch well extending from the primary access passage and intersecting a first subterranean reservoir. The system also contains a second branch well extending from the primary access passage, with the second branch well intersecting a second subterranean reservoir.
In one embodiment, the first and second branch well extends from the primary access passage at an optimum trajectory angle for intersection wit:h-the first and second subterranean reservoir. The placement of the windows is not dependent on the proximity of target horizons; rather, the criteria is based on a branch well bore path that can be drilled quickl;r, efficiently, and with minimal tortuosity. Of course, the ultimate paths chosen are based on data known at the time that have been generated in order to model the fields under consideration. As more and more data is generated due to drilling and production quantitative information, the model of the field may change.
The first and second branch well may contain valve means for variably constricting the first and second branch well from communication with the primary access passage. The first branch well contains completion means for completing to the reservoir. In order to produce the reservoir, the first branch well includes production means for allowing the production of reservoir fluids and gas and controlling the production of a reservoir. The second branch well may have contained therein separator means for separating the hydrocarbon phase and in-situ water phase produced from the first :branch well. Also, diverter means are included for diverting the reservoir fluids and gas production from the first branch to the separator means.
The system further comprises first and second sensor means, operatively associated with the first and second -7_ production means, for sensing physical parameters of the first and second target reservoirs respectively.
A feature of the present invention includes use of a primary access conduit. Another feature includes the use of multiple branches that extend from the primary access conduit. Another feature includes use of separator means for separating the oil, gas and water, with the separator being located within one of the branch well bores.
Another feature includes use of a valve means placed within the branch well bores that wi1_1 constrict the flow path so that the reservoir fluids and gas may be restricted or terminated.
Yet another feature includes using sensor means in individual branches that will determine important characteristics of the flow, pressure and temperature of the reservoir. A control means, with a pre-programmed logical command sequence, may be included far receiving information from the sensor means, comparing and analyzing the information thus received, and causing an output signal to maneuver the valve means to an open, closed or partially opened position.
Another feature includes use of a compressor or pump in one or more of the multiple branches. Yet another' feature is the ability to have multiple branches extending into a single reservoir. Alternatively, multiple branches may extend into mu7_tiple reservoirs.
Yet another feature allows the placement of chemical treating means in one or more of the branch well bores to treat the produced reservoir fluids and gas.
Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of drilling a mufti-lateral wellbore with a drill string containing a sensor for sensing subterranean formation properties during the _g_ drilling operation, the method comprising:
developing a subterranean formation model identifying the anticipated location of one or more hydrocarbon reservoirs;
thereafter using the model to identify a drill path that is adjacent to but spaced apart from a target hydrocarbon reservoir;
drilling a primary access wellbore generally along the drill path;
measuring at least one formation property relative to the target hydrocarbon reservoir frorn said primary access wellbore using the sensor while drilling the access wellbore;
updating the subterranean model 'using the measured formation property to better identify the location of the hydrocarbon reservoir; and developing, using the updated subterranean model, a trajectory path for a branch wellbore~ extending from the primary wellbore and projecting into the target hydrocarbon reservoir.
An advantage of the present invention includes having multiple well bores intersecting muli~iple reservoirs and maintaining the ability to selective manage these individual productive intervals. Another advantage includes the capability of partially or fully commingling the production from the multiple reservoirs. Still yet another advantage is the ability of cycling the multiple reservoirs based on production and/or pressure considerations.
Another advantage includes use of a single main access well bore that can reach numerous targets.
Another advantage includes placement of down hole equipment in the subterranean branches rather than at the _g_ surface. Yet another advantage includes use of less surface equipment in exotic locations which ultimately reduces cost. Still yet another advantage is the ability to deplete an entire field with fewer surface facilities.
Another advantage involves pressure supporting producing reservoirs with the down hole re-injection of gas or water. Still yet another advantage involves modifying the produced fluid composition to achieve desirable physical properties (i.e. change viscosity, wax or paraffin content) which enhances the value of fluids and/or simplify transportation or other production problems.
Another advantage is the main access well bore serves an analogous role as the prior art surface production headers and manifold in that the main access well bore may serve as the placement point of the headers and manifold with the unique advantage of being downhole rather than at the surface. Thus, the equivalent of a sub-sea template or cluster well development is possible subsurface, for instance, within the main access well bore with the teachings of the present invention.
Brief Description of the Drawings An embodiment of the present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a schematic illustration of a main access well bore.
FIGURE 2 is the schematic illustration of Fig. 1 with windows generated for placement of branch well bores.
FIGURE 3 is the schematic illustration of Fig. 2 with a first 20 and second branch well bores.
FIGURE 4A is the schematic illu~~tration of Fig. 3 showing the utilization of valve means.
FIGURE 4B is an enlargement of t:he valve means from Fig. 4A.
FIGURE 5 is a schematic illustration depicting first and second branch well bores utilizing separator and water injecting means.
FIGURE 6 is a schematic illustration depicting a first and second branch well bore utilizing another separator and water injecting embodiment.
FIGURE 7 is a schematic illustration depicting a first and second branch well bore utilizing yet another separator and water injecting embodiment.
FIGURE 8 is a schematic illustration depicting a first branch well bore and second branch well bore with gas recycling means.
FIGURE 9A is a schematic illustration depicting a first and second branch well bore with flow control means in the second branch.
FIGURE 9B is an enlargement view of the commingling device of Fig. 9A.
FIGURE 10 is a schematic illustration depicting a first branch well bore for production and a second branch well bore for treatment means.
FIGURE 11 is a schematic illustration depicting a first branch well bore for production, a second branch well bore for treatment means and a third branch well bore for treatment means.
FIGURE 12 is schematic illustration of the sealing means for sealing a branch well from the main access well bore.
FIGURE 13 depicts the embodiment: of Fig. 12 showing regulation means disposed therein.
FIGURE 14 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a branch well bore with regulation means disposed therein.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referring now to Fig. 1, a schematic illustration of a main access well bore 2 is shown. The main access well bore 2 is drilled from a platform 4 that is set on the sea floor 6. While Fig. 1 depicts a platform, the invention is applicable to land uses as well as drill ships, semi-submersible drilling platforms, jack-up rigs, etc. The placement of the main access well bore 2 is dependent on the interpretation of the reservoirs sought to be produced via the novel system disclosed herein.
Therefore, the main access well bore 2 does not necessarily intersect any one productive interval.
Rather; the main access well bore 2 is placed so that the paths of the branches, to be described later in the application, maximize well bore trajectory and entry angle into the productive zone, which is defined as optimum placement of the branch pathway. In fact, th.e lower end of the main access well bore may act as a completion without the need of a separate branch.
The platform 4 will have positioned thereon a drilling rig 8 that will serve to drill the main access well bore 2. As is well appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the drill bit will be connected to a drill string (not shown). The drill string will have operatively associated therewith logging means for sensing the physical parameters of the subterranean reservoirs. In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, the main access well bore 2 will be drilled while continuously monitoring the physical parameters of the subterranean reservoirs. Thus, the operator will be able to use this data, as well as other data such as seismic data, drill stem testing data and other offset well data in which to model the subterranean structure. Of course, the operator h.as some indication as to location and hydrocarbon potential of reservoirs before drilling. However, the drilling of the main access well bore will further delineate and significantly improve the understanding of the subterranean field leading to a superior model. Also, the drilling of each branch well bore will further delineate and significantly improve the understanding of the subterranean field.
After drilling the main access well bore 2, a development model may be generated. The development model may indicate a plurality of reservoirs. As seen in Fig. 1, the model thus generated based on the seismic data, offset wells, and the drilling of the main access bore depicts a first reservoir 10, a second reservoir 12 and a third reservoir 14. An aquifer 16 has also been identified.
After developing a representative model, the operator may then develop target reservoirs for production, placement of production equipment, all in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
As seen in Fig. 2, after the bore hole has been drilled and the casing string run to the necessary depth, the windows 20, 22, 24, and 26 may be generated from the primary access well bore 2. It should be noted that the drilling rig may be demobilized (taken off) from the platform 4 and a smaller, less expensive, rig may be utilized in order to generate the windows.
The placement of the windows 20, 22, 24 and 26 is dictated 10 by optimum trajectory path of the branch well bores. Thus, the placement of some branch wells is dependent on the location of the reservoirs containing commercial quantities of hydrocarbons, while placement of other branches may be selected for placement of production and process equipment, which will be discussed hereinafter. It should be noted that placement of the path takes into account not only the :longitudinal position but also the deviation desired (or lack of deviation desired) for the specific branch. For instance, a production branch with a high deviation may be selected for a horizontal completion and a branch with a substantially vertical inclination is selected for placement of phase separation equipment.
In ari alternate embodiment, the window may be pre-installed in the casing string at the surface. The location of the window segment would be dependent on the same considerations as the placement and generation of the downhole windows, the ultimate targets and optimum placement of the well bore path to the target. In this embodiment, the casing string (with window segment pre-installed) is run into the bore hole, and thus, milling and generation is not necessary.
Referring now to Fig. 3, a first branch well bore 30 and a second branch well bore 32, is depicted. Hence, the steps would include generating from the window 22 a branch well bore 30 that ultimately intersects the second reservoir. As depicted in Fig. 3, the branches 30 and 32 are completed to the reservoirs 12 and 10 at optimum trajectories. The actual productive intervals 34 and 36 of the well branches 30 and 32, respectively, are maximized since they are essentially horizontal.
However, the path as generated from the windows 20 and 22 allowed for optimum entry and a proper curvature for leading to the horizontal section.
The method of completing the productive intervals 34 and 36 will consist of normal completion methods such as perforating the branch well casing strings 30 and 32.
After the perforating, the well bores 34 and 36 may have placed therein sand control means for preventing the migration of sand into the inner bores of branches 30, 32 as is well known in the art.
As illustrated in Figs. 4A and 4B, the branches 30 and 32 will also contain flow control device means 38 and 40 for controlling the flow of the reservoir fluids and gas into the main access well bore 2. The flow control device means 38, 40 will be placed i~.to a landing profile or landing receptacle 42, 44, respectively. As used in this application, the flow control device means could be a choke means that would allow for a variably reduced flow area, or a valve means having an open position and a closed position, or a check valve means that would be pressure sensitive and allow for flow in one direction but would prohibit flow in the opposite direction. The mechanism and method of placing the flow control valve means 38, 40 into the landing receptacles 42, 44 will described in greater detail later in the application.
Fig. 45 depicts the flow control device means 38, 40 within the landing profile 42, 44.
The flow control device means 38, 40 could also have a microprocessor and sensor means operatively associated therewith. The sensor means would sense certain production parameters such as pressure, resistivity, fluid composition, etc. Based on a pre-determined criteria, once the information has bE:en processed and interpreted with the downhole microprocessor control means, the microprocessor control means would then generate an output signal to the flow control device means which could be to open, close and/or constrict the flow control device means. Moreover, the actual microprocessor control means could be disposed within the downhole flow control device means, or within a central unit located within one of the branches or even within the main access well bore. The sending of signals downhole to the microprocessor in order to manipulate the flow control device means is also possible. The microprocessor control means may receive and transmit through hard wired connection, acoustical links, optical links, etc.
Other types of well branching is certainly possible.
For instance, a scenario is illustrated in Fig. 5 wherein the branch well bore 30A has been completed to the hydrocarbon reservoir 12. A second branch well bore 50 has been drilled and completed to the aquifer 16. In the embodiment depicted in Fig. 5, the location of the window has been selected based on the optimum trajectory angles of the branch well bores 30A and 50 in conjunction with the entry and physical placement within the subterranean reservoir 12 and aquifer 16. The branch well bore 30A
will be completed 52 to the reservoir 12 as previously described so that the well bore 30A is capable of producing the reservoir's fluids and gas. Further, the branch well bore 50 is similarly completed to the aquifer 16, except that the completion 54 is such that the fluids may be injected via the completion 54 into the aquifer 16.
The branch well, bore 30A will have disposed therein a separator means 56 for the separation of the hydrocarbon phase and water phase of the reservoir fluid.
Examples of such separators are found in U.S. Patent Nos.
4,241,787 and 4,296,810 to Mr. E. Price. Another type of separator is disclosed in "Downhole Oil/Water Separator Development", The Journal Of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 33, No. 7 (1994) by Peachey and Matthew.
Still yet another separator is seen i.n U.S. Patent No.
4,766,957 to Mr. McIntyre. Thus, flow from the reservoir enters into the internal diameter of the branch well :bore 30A and enters the separator means 56 as shown in Fig. 5.
The separator means 56 will separate the water and hydrocarbon phase.
The diverter tubing 58 leads from the separator means 56 to a waste water pump 60 that is sealingly engaged within the branch well bore 50. The waste water pump 60 will be capable of receiving the water which has been separated from the separator means 56 and injecting the water into the aquifer via the completion means 54.
An example of a waste water pump 60 is found in the previously mentioned "Downhole Oil/Wat;er Separator Development", The Journal Of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 33, No. 7 (1994) by Peachey and Matthews.
The separator means 56 will have extended therefrom the production tubing 62 which will deliver the fluid and natural gas to the main access well bore 2 after separation. Hence, the fluid entering the main access well bore from the production tubing 62 will not contain large amounts of produced water from reservoir 12.
Referring now to Fig. 6, an alternate embodiment depicting a separator means 64 for separating the hydrocarbon phase and water phase of the produced reservoir fluid is shown. The separator means 64 will be sealingly engaged within the main access well bore 2. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the produced reservoir _17_ fluids and gas will be produced via i~he branch well bore 30A from the completion 52. The produced fluids and gas will then be delivered to the main access well bore 2 and will enter the water separator 64 and will be separated into an oil/natural gas phase and a water phase. An example of such a separator was mentioned earlier.
The separator means 64 will have operatively associated therewith a waste water pump 66 that will take the separated water and pump the water via the injection conduit 68 for ultimate injection into the aquifer 16.
An example of such a separator and pump was mentioned earlier. It should be noted that a packer 70 is set within the main access well bore 2 so that the flow from the separator is diverted to the branch well bore 50 for ultimate delivery to the completion rneans 54 and injection into the aquifer 16.
In operation, the reservoir 12 ~~_s allowed to produce the reservoir fluids and gas via the branch well bore 30A. The flow from the reservoir wi7_1 enter the main.
access well bore 2 and be collected within the separator means 64. The liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas will be delivered to the main access well bore 2 for production to the surface. The water separated therefrom will be pumped down to the completion 54 for injection into the aquifer 16.
A third embodiment of use of separator means is seen in Fig. 7. In this embodiment, the branch well bore 32B
extends to the reservoir 10. The rep>ervoir 10 will be an oil reservoir having an oil-water contact represented at ?2~ The branch well bore 30B will extend into the same reservoir 10, and in particular, will. be completed with completion means 74 in the water zone. A separator means 76 for separating the hydrocarbon phase from the in-situ water phase is sealingly engaged within the branch well bore 32B. The separator may be similar to the separator 56.
The separated in-situ water phase is diverted via the diverter tubing 78 to be delivered to the lower annulus 80 of the main access casing 2. The diverter tubing 78 will be disposed within a ;packer means 82 for sealingly engaging the main access well bore 2. The separated oil and natural gas will be delivered to the production tubing 84 for ultimate production to the surface. Thus, the in-situ water will be disposed of within the reservoir 10, and more particularly, within the water zone. This will have the '.beneficial effect of maintaining pressure within the reservoir l0 as well as initiating secondary recovery via this modified water flood.
With reference to Fig. 8, another embodiment of the present invention depicts the branch well bore 32C being completed 86 to th.e reservoir 10. In this particular embodiment, the reservoir 10 has a gas cap with the gas-oil contact represented at 88. The branch well bore 30C
extends into the same reservoir 10, <~nd in particular into the oil zone, with the completion means 90 allowing the hydrocarbon fluids and gas to flow into the branch well bore 30C. Ultimately, the flow proceeds into tree main access well bore's lower annulus 92. The lower annulus will have disposed therein a packer means 94 for sealingly engaging the main access well bore 2.
Extending from the packer means 94 w_L11 be the divert.er tubing 96 that is operatively connected to a separator means 98 for separating the fluids and gas. The separator means 98 will have connectE:d thereto a pump means 100 that will pump the separated gas via the branch 32C and completion 86 into the gas cap so that the produced gas is recycled into the reservoir 10. Pressure maintenance may be important for several reasons including maintaining the reservoir pressure above the bubble point pressure. Leading from the separator means 98 will be a production tubing 102 for delta ery to the surface. The pump may also be used to assist in delivery of oil to surface.
Fig. 9A shows another embodiment possible with the disclosure of the present invention in order to produce hydrocarbons. In this embodiment, t:he main access well bore 2 has two branch wells extending therefrom with the branch 32D being completed with completion means 104 to the reservoir 10 which in this embodiment will be an oil reservoir. The branch well bore 106 will be completed with the completion means 108 to the reservoir 14 which in this case is a gas reservoir. A diverter tubing 110 will extend to the commingling assembly 112.
The branch well bore 106 will contain flow control device means 114 for regulating the flow of natural gas from the reservoir 14. The flow control means 114 will be seated within the branch well bore 106 and will have disposed therein a valve means 115. A diverter tubing 116 will lead to the commingling assembly 112.
The flow control device means 114, 115 may be a pressure sensitive device that would allow natural ga.s to enter into the diverter tubing and ultimately into the commingling assembly 112. It may al:>o be controlled utilizing the previously discussed microprocessor control means. The intermittent flow of natural gas will allow for the lifting of reservoir fluids into the production tubing 118. This is particularly useful when the pressure of reservoir 10 becomes sufficiently depleted that the reservoir pressure is no longer capable of supplying sufficient lifting capacity of the reservoir fluids.
Referring now to Fig. 9B, an enlargement of the commingling assembly 112 is shown. It should be noted that the commingling assembly used herein was described in Figs. 9A-9C of U.S. Patent No. 5,322,127, assigned to applicant. Referring to Fig. 9B; the main access well bore 2 has been placed within the bore hole 120 and thereafter set into a cement annulus 122 as is well understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The commingling assembly 112 generally consists of an enlarged section having a first input 124 and a second input 126 that is disposed within an extendable key and gauge ring member 128 of the commingling assembly 112.
The commingling assembly also includes a swivel assembly 129 that is operatively associated with the production tubing 118.
The first input section 124 is connected to the diverter tubing 116 and the second input 126 is connected to an intermediate tube 130 that has at one end a set of seal members 132 that will sealingly engage with a polished bore receptacle 134. The polished bore receptacle is contained on one end of the diverter tubing 110. Also contained on the diverter tubing 110 is the centralizers 136.
A packer 138, which may be a hydraulic or mechanical type of packer, for sealingly engaging the main access well bore 2 is provided. As contained within the main access well bore 2 is the whip stock diverter 140 that is used for generation of the window 20. Thus, the completion 104 is isolated from the completion 108.
Another embodiment of the present invention is depicted in Fig. 10. In this embodiment, the branch well bore 106A will extend to the reservoir 14 which will be a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir. The branch well bore 106A
will be completed via the completion means 108A for allowing the flow of hydrocarbon fluids and gas to flow from the reservoir 14 through the completion means 108A
and into the well bore 106A for ultimate production to the surface.
A second branch well bore 32E has also been provided, but unlike the previous branch well bores 32-32D, the branch well bore 32E will not necessarily intersect a reservoir. Thus, as shown in Fig. 10, the branch well bore 32E extends from the main access well bore 2 at an optimum angle to accommodate chemical treatment facilities means 160 for treating the reservoir fluids and gas produced from the reservoir 14.
In this embodiment, the main access well bore 2 will have contained therein a production tubing 162 with the production tubing string being operatively associated therewith a production packer 164 which will form a lower annulus 166 and an upper annulus 168. Hence, as the reservoir fluids and gas enter into the lower annulus 166, production to the surface will be via the route of the production tubing 162.
The chemical treatment facilities means could have different types of chemicals, with the necessary injector capacity in order to introduce the specific chemical (or chemicals? into the lower annulus 16E for ultimate mixing and exposure to the reservoir fluids and gas production.
A metering device may also be included in order to introduce a precise amount of chemical. In one type of chemical treatment, the treatment may be to prevent the formation of hydrates within the lower annulus 166 and that the reservoir pressure i within the production string 162 and into the surface facilities (not shown). Some other types of chemicals that may be placed within the treatment branch well bore 32E include corrosion inhibitors for the prevention of corrosion in the down hole and surface tubular. Also, a paraffin inhibitor may be placed within branch 32E for the deterrence of paraffin precipitation within the tubing 162 and surface facilities. By mixing the treatment chemical with the reservoir fluids and gas downhole, certain benefits are obtained such as introduction of hydration inhibition chemicals prior to reaching uphole pressure and temperature which would promote formation of hydrate plugging. Another benefit is that intermittent down hole injection correlated to shut-downs of the system will permit loading of flow lines and other deposition prone areas with the treated (inhibited) produced fluids.
The method and apparatus of landing the treatment means within the branch well bore 32E may essentially consist of landing a packer 170 within the well bore 32E, with the packer having extending therefrom a tail pipe section 172 with the tailpipe section having attached thereto the treatment means 160. It should be noted that the quantity of chemical actually stored may be a finite amount; however, since the branch we:l1 bore 32E may extend for several thousand feet from the main access well bore, the quantity held within this chemical facilities means can be quite significant.
Referring now to Fig. 11, another embodiment is disclosed that shows the use of multiple process/treatment branches. The branch well bore 30D
will be completed to the hydrocarbon reservoir 12 via the completion means 174 for producing the reservoir's fluids and gas. Also extending from the main access well bore 2 will be the branch well bore 176 that will have contained therein process equipment 178 such as water separation means and injection means as previously described.
A third branch well bore 180 may also extend from the main 10 access well bore 2. The well bore 176 may contain process equipment 182 which in one embodiment may be a catalyst bed to crack the hydrocarbon fluids produced from the reservoir 12 via t:he completion means 171. The benefit of such a treatment process is that the modified hydrocarbon molecular composition may be less likely to wax or build up paraffin deposit in the down hole tubular as well as the surface facilities.
Thus, the branch 30D will contain a packer 184 for sealingly engaging the branch 30D. Extending from the packer will be the diverter tubing 186 which will extend to the branch well bore 176 and in particular for the separation with the separation means 178 of the reservoir fluids and gas as previously set out in Figs. 5, 6, and 7. The hydrocarbon fluid and gas will then be transferred via the diverter tubing 188 to the process equipment 182 for catalyzing and cracking the hydrocarbon molecular structure. After appropriate treatment, the fluid and gas stream will be delivered via the diverter tubing 190.
The main access well bore 2 will have disposed therein a packer 192 which will create a lower annulus 194 and an upper annulus 196. The packer 192 will have extending therefrom the production tubing 198. The diverter tubing will deliver the hydrocarbon stream to the production tubing 198 for transporting to the surface as is well known in the art.
Referring now to Fig. 12, a schematic illustration of a type of sealing means for sealing a branch well bore from the main access well bore with a tail pipe extension is shown. In the embodiment shown, the branch well bore may be the branch well bore 32 depicted in Fig. 4A that extends from the main access well bore 2. The packer means 202 for sealingly engaging the branch well bore 32 is commercially available from Baker_ Hughes Incorporated and sold under the packer model number "SC-1". The packer means 202 has internal bore 204 that will have disposed therein a tail pipe 206. The tail pipe 206 will extend below the packer 202 as least partially to the productive interval. The tail pipe 206 will have contained therein a landing profile 208 for landing an apparatus, such as a plug, orifice, plug, pressure probe, or other production monitoring sensor. Another apparatus that is possible to land into the landing profile 208 is latch placement of operatively associated production equipment such as the three-phase separator, chemical injection or catalytic/reactor devices.
Fig. 13 depicts the packer means 202 of Fig. 12 with the tail pipe 206 extending therefrom. The embodiment of Fig. 13 has a control means 210 for controlling the production into the main access well bore 2. In the embodiment shown, a choke is provided which is a variably controlled valve that will cause a pressure drop at the point of orifice restriction that is well known in the art. The purpose of having the down hole choke is that production from the reservoir is restricted to a limited extent because of the pressure drop created at the restriction. The pressure drop may be used to balance production from several of the open zones, i.e. assist in commingling. Also, the choke may be used for regulating the amount of lift gas from a zone as in Fig. 9A so as to optimize oil production while not unnecessarily depleting the hydrocarbons ar;d pressure available from the reservoir.
Yet another embodiment is shown in Fig. 14. A
branch well bore 212 extends from a window section 21H of the main access well bore 218. This particular branch well bore 214 will have a series of perforations 220 that communicate the internal diameter of 'the branch well bore 214 with the reservoir 222. The branch well bore will also contain landing profiles 224 and 226. As depicted in Fig. 14, a control valve means 228 for opening and closing the branch well bore 214 from communication with the main access well bore 218 is provided. The control valve means is operable between an open position and a closed position. The control valve 2:z8 is retrievable and resettable. The landing profile 226 is generally a back-up profile landing receptacle fo_r a plug. These type of landing profiles 224, 226 are generally incorporated into the casing strings 214.
Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the inveni~ion which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method of drilling a multi-lateral wellbore with a drill string containing a sensor for sensing subterranean formation properties during the drilling operation, the method comprising:
developing a subterranean formation model identifying the anticipated location of one or more hydrocarbon reservoirs;
thereafter using the model to identify a drill path that is adjacent to but spaced apart from a target hydrocarbon reservoir;
drilling a primary access wellbore generally along the drill path;
measuring at least one formation property relative to the target hydrocarbon reservoir from said primary access wellbore using the sensor while drilling the access wellbore;
updating the subterranean model using the measured formation property to better identify the location of the hydrocarbon reservoir; and developing, using the updated subterranean model, a trajectory path for a branch wellbore extending from the primary wellbore and projecting into the target hydrocarbon reservoir.
developing a subterranean formation model identifying the anticipated location of one or more hydrocarbon reservoirs;
thereafter using the model to identify a drill path that is adjacent to but spaced apart from a target hydrocarbon reservoir;
drilling a primary access wellbore generally along the drill path;
measuring at least one formation property relative to the target hydrocarbon reservoir from said primary access wellbore using the sensor while drilling the access wellbore;
updating the subterranean model using the measured formation property to better identify the location of the hydrocarbon reservoir; and developing, using the updated subterranean model, a trajectory path for a branch wellbore extending from the primary wellbore and projecting into the target hydrocarbon reservoir.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising;
placing casing in said primary access well bore; and cutting a window section in said casing leading to the target reservoir, with the window being along the trajectory path of the branch wellbore but spaced apart from the target reservoir.
placing casing in said primary access well bore; and cutting a window section in said casing leading to the target reservoir, with the window being along the trajectory path of the branch wellbore but spaced apart from the target reservoir.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
completion construction of the branch wellbore to said target reservoir and installing fluid flow control equipment in the branch wellbore spaced apart from the target reservoir.
completion construction of the branch wellbore to said target reservoir and installing fluid flow control equipment in the branch wellbore spaced apart from the target reservoir.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US41137795A | 1995-03-27 | 1995-03-27 | |
| US08/411,377 | 1995-03-27 | ||
| CA002216430A CA2216430C (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-25 | Hydrocarbon production using multilateral well bores |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002216430A Division CA2216430C (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-25 | Hydrocarbon production using multilateral well bores |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2480707A1 true CA2480707A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
Family
ID=33453204
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002480703A Abandoned CA2480703A1 (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-25 | Hydrocarbon production using multilateral well bores |
| CA002480707A Abandoned CA2480707A1 (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-25 | Hydrocarbon production using multilateral well bores |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002480703A Abandoned CA2480703A1 (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-25 | Hydrocarbon production using multilateral well bores |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (2) | CA2480703A1 (en) |
-
1996
- 1996-03-25 CA CA002480703A patent/CA2480703A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-25 CA CA002480707A patent/CA2480707A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2480703A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
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