CA2474408A1 - Fenestration frame assemblies and associated methods - Google Patents
Fenestration frame assemblies and associated methods Download PDFInfo
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- CA2474408A1 CA2474408A1 CA 2474408 CA2474408A CA2474408A1 CA 2474408 A1 CA2474408 A1 CA 2474408A1 CA 2474408 CA2474408 CA 2474408 CA 2474408 A CA2474408 A CA 2474408A CA 2474408 A1 CA2474408 A1 CA 2474408A1
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Abstract
Fenestration frame assemblies and associated methods are disclosed. For example, one embodiment is directed toward a fenestration frame assembly that includes a main frame adapted to support a closure member with respect to a main frame opening. The main frame can include an external periphery ad a peripheral gutter that extends along at least a portion of the external periphery of the main frame. The peripheral gutter can be positioned to deter liquid from flowing in at least one direction relative to the external periphery of the main frame.
Description
FENESTRATION FRAME ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATED
METHODS
I~~l TECHNICAL FIELD
fooo2l The present invention generally relates to fenestration products, e.g., windows. In particular, certain aspects of the invention relate to fenestration frame assemblies with peripheral gutters and associated methods.
BACKGROUND
foooal Increasingly, prefabricated fenestration products, e.g., prefabricated doors and windows, are used both in new constn~tion and in renovation of existing buildings. Prefabricated fenestration products typically are formed for walls having a fixed thickness. If the thickness of the wall falls outside of acceptable tolerances, installation of the window or door can be prd~lematic. This problem occurs with some frequency in new construction due to variations in the 15 Jul 04 [Application SL041630025.DOCJ
thicknesses and planarity of studs, sheet rock, and other components of the wall.
This problem becomes particularly acute when installing new fenestration proa~cts in older buildings, which typically have a much wider variance in wall thicknesses depending on a number of factors, including the age and geographical location of the building.
(0004 Some manufacturers have attempted to address the variation in wall thicknesses in new construction, with varying degrees of success. Baier et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,791,104, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference, suggests a jamb extension assembly for doors and windows. This assembly employs a multicomponent frame that can be assembled from multiple components by a manufacturer. The frame includes a jamb extender receiving slot and a jamb. The jamb includes an extender flange formed of a thin sheet of synthetic material that is adapted to be snapped along preformed score lines to adjust the length of the extender flange. Variations in wall thicknesses are accommodated by adjusting the extender flange to the appropriate length by breaking off a portion of the extender flange along the appropriate score lie.
Unfortunately, this requires that a visible inner portion of the window unit be formed of a relatively thin, breakable sheet material. If the window is not perfectly rectangular, the jamb extender flange may not precisely align with the receiving slot. Particularly with larger window sizes, it can be difficult to shove the extender flange into the slot. Attempts to force the extender flange into the slot can cause the flange to break along the preformed score lines, largely defeating the cosmetic purpose of the jamb extender.
(ooosl Adjustable jamb designs such as the one proposed by Baier et al. can be even more problematic in retrofit installations in existing buildings. After the Second World War, old-style wooden window frames were largely phased out in new home construction in the United States in favor of prefabricated aluminum frames. Figure 1 schematically illustrates the basic structural design of such an aluminum frame 1. This aluminum frame 1 includes an inner portion 2 designed to mount within a "rough" window housing 3 in the wall. The frame 1 also includes an outer portion 4, which typically has a width (e.g., about 19 millimeters) about [Application SL041630025.DOC) -2- 15 Jul 04 the same as the width of the inner portion 2. The inner and outer portions 2 and 4, respectively, of the frame 1 are demarcated at a cross~sectional midpoint of the frame 1 by a nailing flange 5 that extends outwardly from the outside periphery of the frame 1 to secure the frame 1 to the window housing 3.
looosl The prior art aluminum frames 1 were designed for insttllation into window housings 3 made up of 2X4 inch (50 mm X 100 mm) studs 6, or like materials, covered externally by a sheathing, insulating, or subsiding layer 7 and, occasionally, a subsill, jamb and header 12a. To install the frame 1, the frame 1 was partially inserted into the window housing 3 so that the inner portion 2 overlapped the subsill, jamb and header 12a and partially overlapped the stud 6.
To secure the frame 1 within the window housing 3, a nail 10 was then driven through the nailing flange 5 into the stud 6.
looo~ After installation of the aluminum frame 1 was thus completed, the outside of the window housing 3 was "finished" by securing a layer of siding material 11, such as shingles, to the outer surface of the subsiding layer 7, abutted agaist an undersurface of the outer portion 4 of the frame 1 to cover the nailing flange 5.
The inside of the window housing 3 was finished by securing an inner lining 12b, such as sheet rock or paneling, over the stud 6 and optional subsill, jamb, and header 12a of the window housing 3. This inner lining 12b was abutted against the inside face of the window housing 3 to form a finished interior sill.
Sheet rock 12c or the like was used to knish the interior.
~0008~ Aluminum window frames continued to be widely used in new home construction in the United States throughout the 1970s, after which they began to be phased out in favor of more energy~efficient, durable, and aesthetically appealing double-paned windows having extruded plastic frames. A large replacement market for modern plastic frames has developed in recent years, too.
Accordingly, millions of households across the United States and elsewhere have elected to replace existing aluminum frames with more durable, attractive, and energy-efficient plastic frames.
~ooos~ There are three common methods for retrofit installation of modern plastic window frames into finished window housings 3 originally designed for the prior art [/lpplicaGon SL041630025.DOCj -3- 15 Jul 04 aluminum frames 1. The most common method is to simply remove the old frame 1 in its entirety and install the replacement frame in its place (e.g., with an inner portion of the replacement frame seated atop the subsiding layer 7 and a portion of the stud 6 abutting, but not overlapping the inner lining 12b) without modifying the finished housing. However, modern, double~paned plastic window frames are considerably wider (one standard width is about 80 mm) than the aluminum frames (variable, but approximately 38 mm). This increased width is necessary to accommodate the double glazing panels and insulating airspace between the panels. Therefore, when modern plastic frames are installed according to the above method, the frame protrudes outwardly far beyond the window housing, creating an awkward external appearance and causing a structurallyundesirable weight distribution. Such installation methods, although widely practiced, are discouraged or prohibited by building codes and special utility grants.
loo~o~ A second method for retrofit installation of modern, doublepaned window frames into finished window housings 3 includes removing the old aluminum frame 1 and mounting the new frame on top of the existing subsill, jamb, and header 12a of the window housing 3. Under this alternative method, the installer must trim back the lining 12b to accommodate a deeper inset and a more flush external appearance of the frame. If the frame 1 is mounted on top of the subsill, jamb, and header 12a, the installer must trim out the outer portion (i.e., the subsill, jamb, and header 12a and subsiding layer 7) of th: window housing 3 with wood or other filler material to eliminate gaps between the periphery of the new frame and the inner lining 12b and subsiding layer 7. This trimming, which typically requires a skilled carpenter at the building site, is expensive and can account for a large portion of the total retrofit installation costs.
loop ~~ As a third method, some installers apparently are retrofitting modern vinyl frames on top of the existing aluminum main frame by first removing the existing sash and fixed lite, rien positioning the new frame in the resulting opening.
Extensive on-site trimming with wood is still required to cover the subsill, jamb, and header 12b because of the variable width of the existing aluminum main frames 1. Typically, the new vinyl frame is butt jointed to a piece of wood custom [Application SLl>41630025.DOC] -4- 15 Jul 04 ripped on-site to the current width to hide the existing frame 1. Additional trim pieces must be custom cut to cover gaps between the new buttjointed liner and the existing liner, as well as for the outside of he new window. These activities are extremely labor intensive and require skilled carpenters, adding significantly to the cost of window renovation.
Ioo~2~ Retrofitting window frames into stucco-finished window openings can be complicated by difficulties in removing the stucco siding layer covering the nailing flange of the original frame to allow the original frame to be removed. Unlike shingles and other siding materials, stucco must be chipped away from the nailing flange and cannot be replaced easily after emoval of the old frame. Due to the high cost of repairing stucco, it is common practice to leave the original aluminum frame in place and to mount the replacement frame over the original frame.
This requires removing any nailing flanges from the replace~nent frame and mounting the frame within the opening bounded by the original frame after its glazing panel and any cross-pieces have been torn out.
100~3~ Furthermore, the increased width of the replacement frame requires a deep inset so that the replacement franre can extend inward well beyond the inner face of the existing aluminum frame. This mounting arrangement forms a gap between the inner portion of the replacement frame and the lining portion of the original window housing. In current practice, this gap s trimmed with wood or other material cut on-site to fill or mask the gap, resulting in a significant increase in total retrofit installation costs. An additional drawback to this method is that the replacement frame, seated within the aperture defined by the original frame, reduces site size and daylight by narrowing the glazing panel aperture height and width. To avoid an unsightly external appearance of the window, the frame also must be modified by a special flange extending peripherally from the outgle of the frame to cover the outer face of the original aluminum frame.
100~4~ Another problem commonly associated with conventional retrofit installations is an inadequate seal between the retrofit window assembly and the structure in which it is installed. THs can permit rain or other moisture to seep between the new window frame and the preexisting structure. Sometimes, such [Applicatron S1041630025.DOC] -r'J-15 Jul 04 moisture can seep into direct contact with the walls. With stuccofinished window openings, for example, the moisture can lead to d~radation of the stucco or other components of the wall.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
loos) Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a prior art aluminum window frame installed in a window housing.
loos) Figure 2 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a portion of a fenestration frame assembly in accordance with one embodiment, mounted in a cutaway portion of an existing window housing.
~oo~~ Figure 3 is a schematic partial cross-section of the fenestration frame assembly shown in Figure 2.
loos) Figure 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a window frame assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
loos) Figure 5 is a schematic isolation view of a portion of the window frame assembly of Figure 4.
10020) Figures 6A-D are schematic cross-sectional views of the leading edges of covers in accordance with different embodiments of the invention.
10020 Figure 7 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, similar to Figure 4, of a window frame assembly installed in a window housing ~ accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
X0022) Figure 8 is a schematic view of a fenestration frame assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention retrofit in a fenestration.
loots) Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fenestraion frame assembly of Figure 8 taken along line GC.
loo2a) Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fenestration frame assembly of Figure 8 taken along line D~D.
loots) Figure 11 is a schematic cros~sectional view of a retrofit fenestration frame assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
[Applicafron SL041630025.DOCj -6- 15 Jul D4 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A. OVERVIEW
~oo2s~ Various embodiments of the present invention are directed toward fenestration assemblies adapted to direct liquid that seeps into the fenestration assembly to flow in a channel or gutter instead of leaking into a wall in which the fenestration assembly is installed. Other embodiments are directed towards associated methods for making and/or installing such assemblies. For example, in one embodiment a fenestration frane assembly includes a main frame adapted to support a closure member with respect to a main frame opening. The main frame can include an external periphery and a peripheral gutter that extends along at least a portion of the external periphery of the may frame. The peripheral gutter can be positioned to deter liquid from flowing in at least one direction relative to the external periphery of the main frame.
1002 In another embodiment, a retrofitted window includes a wall having an external wall surface and a building aperture in the wall. The building aperture can have an inner surface. The retrofitted window can further includes an existing window frame component installed in the building aperture proximate to the inner surface. The existing window frame component can have an inner edge circumscribing an existing frame aperture smaller than the building aperture.
The retrofitted window can still further include a main frame at least partially received in the existing frame aperture. The main frame cancircumscribe a window opening.
The main frame can also include an outer frame surface, at least a portion of which is supportively engaged by the inner edge of the existing window frame component; an external periphery; and a peripheral gutter extending adially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery. The peripheral gutter can be positioned to direct liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the building aperture.
loo2a~ In yet another embodiment, a method of controlling liquid flow proximate to a fenestration frame assembly includes positioning a main frame with respect to an aperture in a wall that has an external wall surface. The main frame can include a main frame opening, an external periphery, and a peripheral gutter [Application SL041630025.DOC] -7-15 Jul 04 flange extending radially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery.
The method can further include receiving liquid in the peripheral gutter flange and directing the liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the aperture.
(oo2sl For ease of understanding, the following discussion is subdivided into two areas of emphasis. The first section discusses fenestration frame assemblies in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; the second section discusses fenestration frame assemblies with peripheral gutters in accordance with other embodiments of the invention.
B. FENESTRATION FRAME ASSEMBLIES
(ooso~ As noted above, aspects of the invention provide fenestation frame assemblies, which generally include both door frame assemblies and window frame assemblies. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings and detailed below focus on window frame assemblies. It should be recognized, however, that the invention need not be so limited, and some embodiments of the invention can encompass door frame assemblies, as well.
1. General (oos~~ Figures 2 and 3 schematically illustrate a window frame assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. This particular wialow frame assembly 100 is shown installed in a retrofit application, in which the window frame assembly 100 is installed in a finished window housing 3 similar to that shown in Figure 1. Most of the structure illustrated in Figure 1 remains in the installation shown in Figures 2 and 3 and like reference numbers are used in all three figures to indicate like structures. In Figures 2 and 3, the glazing (15 in Figure 1) has been removed from the aluminum frame. This defines an opening within which a portion of the window frame assembly 100 can be received.
(0032 The window frame assembly 100 generally includes a main frame 110 and a cover 150. In the following discussion, the right side of Figure 2 will be generally referred to as the "front" or "forward" portion of the structure and the left side of Figure 2 may be referred to as the "back" or "rearward" portion of the structure. It [Application SL041630025.DOC] -8- 15 Jul 04 should be recognized that these designations are solely for purposes of convenience and are not intended to specify any particularorientation with respect to the interior or exterior of the building, for example. In accordance with this adopted convention, the main frame 110 is disposed rearwardly in the window housing, and the cover 150 extends forwardly from the main frame 110.
loossl The main frame 110 generally includes an inner periphery 112, an outer periphery 114, a front surface 116, and a back surface 118. Though only one leg of the window frame assembly 100 is shown in Figures 2 and 3, it is anticipated that the window frame assembly 100 will extend entirely about the interior surface of the window housing 3 defining a closed polygon, e.g., a rectangle, as is known in the art.
loosa~ The main frame 110 also includes a confronting periphery 120 that is disposed immediately adjacent the cc~er 150. This confronting periphery 120 includes a recess 125 that is defined between a confronting edge 122 and a guide 130. The guide 130 may take a variety of forms. In the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3, the guide 130 comprises an elongated wal that is cantilevered from the back 126 of the recess 125. A forward lip of the guide 130 defines a guide surface 132. As explained below, the guide surface 132 may be adapted to guide the leading edge 162 of a mating projection 160 of the cover 150 irm the recess 125 during the installation process. If so desired, the guide 130 may include one or more internal ribs 134. These internal ribs 134 may be adapted to engage an outer surface of the mating projection 160 to bias it upwardly toward the confronting edge 122 of the main frame 110, presenting a more cosmetically appealing appearance.
loo3sl The main frame 110 may be formed of a variety of materials. In one embodiment, the main frame 110 is integrally formed from a polymeric material, such as an extrudable thermoplastic. In one particular embodiment, the main frame 110 includes a series of joined legs, each of which is integrally formed from an extruded vinyl.
looss~ In one embodiment, the guide 130 and/or its junction to the back of the recess 125 may be somewhat flexible. As explained below, this can permit the [Application SL041630025.DOC] -9- 15 Jul 04 cantilevered wall that defines the guide 130 to deflect outwardly somewhat when joining the cover 150 to the main frame 110. The flexibility of the guide 130 may be defined, in part, by the materials selected for the main frame 110 (including the modulus of elasticity of the material), the length of the guide 130 that extends forwardly from the back 126 of the recess 125, and the thickness of the guide 130.
In one useful embodiment, the guide 130 isformed of a resilient material, such as extruded vinyl, adapted to deflect during installation of the cover 150, yet allow the internal surface of the guide 130 (e.g., any internal rib 134 that may be employed) to resiliently urge upwardly against the mathg projection 160 of the cover 150.
loose If so desired, a cowling 140 may extend peripherally outwardly from the back surface 118 of the main frame 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the cowling 140 is formed separately and is attached to the rest of the mainframe via a conventional accessory groove 142. If so desired, though, the cowling may be integrally formed with the rest of the main frame 110.
loo3s~ The cover 150 generally includes a transverse body 152 that extends forwardly from the confronting periphery 120 of the main frame 110. The transverse body 152 may optionally include a casing 158 that extends peripherally outwardly from a forward edge of the transverse body 152. The width of the casing 158 may be varied as desired. In one embodiment, tle casing 158 extends peripherally outwardly from the forward edge of the transverse body 152 farther than the greatest width of a retrofit gap 172 expected to be encountered in retrofit installations of the window frame assembly 100. The transverse body b2 has an inner surface 154 that faces toward the interior of the opening, and an outer surface 156 that is juxtaposed with an interior surface of the inner lining 12b of the window housing 3. If so desired, the outer surface 156 of the transverse body 1 g may directly abut the inner surface of the inner lining 12b. In the illustrated embodiment, though, the outer surface 156 is spaced from the inner lining 12b, defining the retrofit gap 172 therebetween.
looss~ The cover 150 may be made from a variety of millwork products including solid wood (e.g., ponderosa pine), engineered wood fibe+thermoplastic composites, extruded thermoplastics without fillers, or any other material [Application SL041630025.DOC]
15 Jul 04 conventional in the field of window making. In the illustrated embodiment, the transverse body 152 and casing 158 are schematically shown as being integrally formed. In another embodiment, the casing 158 and transverse body 152 are formed separately and later joined to form the cover 150.
looao~ A mating projection 160 extends rearwardly from the rear edge of the transverse body 152. The mating projection 160 is sized to be slidably received in the recess 125 of the main frame 110. At least the leading edge 162 of the mating projection 160 may have a reduced thickness as compared to the thicknessof the transverse body 152. In the illustrated embodiment, the entire mating projection 160 is thinner than the transverse body 152, defining a shoulder 164 at the junction between the mating projection 160 and the transverse body 152. This shoulder 164 may serve as a stop, abutting the leading edge of the guide 130 to limit movement of the cover 150 toward the main frame 110. In other embodiments, the mating projection 160 and transverse body 152 may have the same thickness.
looa~~ When the cover 150 is installed with respect to the main frame 110, the leading edge 162 of the mating projection 160 is positioned within the recess 125.
Because the mating projection 160 is slidably received in the recess 125, the cover 150 and main frame 110 are telescopically adjustable in a transverse direction to accommodate varying wall widths (W in Figure 3). If the wall is thicker, the leading edge 162 may be positioned closer to the front entrance of the recess 125; if the wall width W is thinner, the mating projection 1 ~ may extend further into the recess 125, with the leading edge 162 of the mating projection positioned closer to the back 126 of the recess 125.
10042 The length of the mating projection 160 and the depth of the recess 125 can be varied. In one embodiment, the mating projection 160 has a length greater than the depth of the recess 125. In another embodiment, the recess 125 is deeper than the length of the mating projection 160. In still another embodiment, the length of the mating projection 160 is about equ~ to the depth of the recess 125. In one particular example, the depth of the recess 125 and the length of the mating projection 160 are both at least about 0.5 inches, e.g., about 0.5- 2 inches.
[Application SL041630025.DOC] -~ ~ - 15 Jul 04 In another embodiment, this depth and length are both abort 0.75 - 2 inches.
Having a recess depth and a mating projection length between about 1 inch and about 2 inches should suffice for most applications. It may be advantageous to employ a deeper recess 125 and longer mating projection 160 in applications intended for use in retrofit installations than in new building construction because the variability in the wall width W tends to be greater in retrofit installations than in new construction.
(0043 As noted above, in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 3, thewindow frame assembly 100 is installed in an existing window housing 3 without removing the existing aluminum frame 1. In such an embodiment, the outer periphery 114 of the main frame 110 may rest on an inner periphery of the aluminum frame 1, at least along the bottom leg of the window housing 3. Due in part to variations in the thickness (or even omission) of the inner lining 12b in different installations, the distance between the outer surface 156 of the transverse body 152 and the inner surface of the inner lining 12b may vary from one installation to the next.
When the cover 150 is joined to the main frame 110, there may be a retrofit gap 172 between the cover 150 and the inner lining 12b, as noted above.
(oo4al In one embodiment, the retrofit gap 172 remains open and the cover 150 is simply spaced from the inner lining 12b around its periphery. In the illustrated embodiment, however, a shim or support 170 is disposed in the retrofit gap 172.
The support 170 supportingly engages the outer surface 156 of the cover transverse body 152 and the inner surface of the inner lining 12b. The support 170 may structurally support the cover 150 between the main frame 110 and the casing 158, which may be nailed or otherwise attached to the sheet rock 12c of the wall. The support 170 need not extend around the entire periphery of the window frame assembly 100. In one particular embodiment, the support 170 is received in the retrofit gap 172 between the sill and the lower leg of the cover 150, but no shim is employed between the cover 150 and the vertically extending jambs or the upper header of the window housing 3. The support 170 may support the lower leg of the cover 150 with respect to the sill if the user places a heavy object on the cover 150 or leans or sits on the cover 150, for example.
(Applit~dion s~041630025.DOCj ~~ 2- 15 Jul 04 loo4s~ The support 170 may be formed of any desirable material. In one embodiment, the support 170 comprises a relatively rigid material such as wood or a stiff thermoplastic material. In another embodiment, the support 170 compris's a more resilient material, such as a neoprene foam or the like. In addition to providing structural support to the cover 150, such a resilient support 170 may exert an inward bias on the cover 150, pushing the inner surface 154 of the cover 150 toward the confronting edge 122 of the main frame 110. This can provide a closer fit between the cover 150 and the main frame 110, enhancing the cosmetic appearance of the window frame assembly 100. The support 170 may comprise a single elongate block or length In another embodiment, a series of separate supports 170 are spaced along the inner surface of the window housing 3 to engage spaced-apart locations on the outer surface 156 of the transverse body 152.
~oo4s~ Figures 4-6 schematically illustrate aspects a wincbw frame assembly in accordance with an alternative embodiment. The window frame assembly 200 includes a main frame 210 and a cover 250. The main frame 210 has a confronting periphery 220 including a recess 225 defined between a confronting edge 222 and a guide 230. The guide 230 comprises a cantilevered wall extending forwardly from the back 226 of the recess 225. A forward lip of the guide 230 is flared outwardly to define an outwardly curved guide surface 232.
As in the prior embodiment, the gucie 230 may be formed of a somewhat flexible material that permits the cantilevered guide 230 to deflect and move the guide surface 232 outwardly away from the confronting edge 222. Although the guide 230 shown in Figure 4 does not include an internal rib(134 in Figure 3), such an internal rib could be included on the guide 230.
~004~ The main frame 210 also includes a cowling 240. Unlike the previous embodiment in which the cowling 140 was formed separately and attached to the rest of the main frame 110 via an accessory groove 142, the cowling 240 in Figure 4 is integrally formed with the other elements of the main frame 210, e.g., by being part of the same extruded body. In certain embodiments, the cowling 240 may be sealingly adjoined to the aluminum frame 1 by a bead of a sealant 298, e.g., a [Applicat'ron SL041630025.DOC] -13- 15 Jul 04 silicone caulk or the like. In other embodiments, the sealant 298 may comprise a compressible, relatively non-porous neoprene or the like. In still other embodiments, there is no sealant 298 between the aluminum frame 1 and the cowling 240.
(oo~~ The cover 250 of the window frame assembly 200 of Figure 4 includes a mating projection 260 extending rearwardly from a junction with the casing 258. In this embodiment, the transverse body and the mating projection 260 of the cm~er 250 are all the same thickness and may be thought of as one continuous element, in contrast to the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3, in which the shoulder is defined by a change in thickness where the mating projection 160 joins the transverse body 152.
(oo4s~ The embodiment of Figure 4 also includes a support 270 disposed between the mating projection 260 and the inner lining 12b of the wall. The support may extend around the entire outer periphery of the mating projection 260, along just a lower leg of the mating projection 260 to support the bottom of the cover 250 with respect to the subsill 12a, or along any other suitable segment of the outer periphery of the mating projection 260.
(ooso~ Figure 5 is a schematic isolation view of the confronting perphery 220 of the main frame 210 and the mating projection 260 of the cover 250 shown in Figure 4. In Figure 5, the cover 250 and the main frame 210 are still separate from one another, i.e., they have not been assembled within the window housing to define the completed window frame assembly 200 shown in Figure 4. To assemble the window frame assembly 200, a leading edge 262 of the cover 250 may be inserted into the recess 225 in the main frame 210, as suggested by the arrow A. The leading edge 262 may be advanced within the recess 225 toward the back 226, telescopically adjusting the width of the window frame assembly to accommodate different wall widths.
(oos~~ The cover 250 and recess 225 shown in Figures 4 and 5 include features that can facilitate assembly of the window frame assembly 200 in place at a construction site. Ideally, the window housing 3, the main frame 210, and the cover 250 would all be precisely formed with minimal tolerances to ensure an easy [Application SL041630025.DOC] -~ 4- 15 Jul 04 sliding entry of the leading edge 262 of the cover 250 into the recess 225. In reality, the precise alignment of the leading edge 262 with the recess 225 may be adversely impacted by a window housing 3 that is not perfectly true or rectangular, changes in dimensions of the main frame 210 and/or the cover 250 due to changes in temperature or humidity, or other factors.
(oos2~ The leading edge 262 shown in Figure 5 is beveled to give it a reduced thickness compared to the rest of the mating projection 260. If a portion of the leading edge 262 deviates inwadly (i.e., upwardly in Figure 5) from the illustrated position, the bevel on the leading edge 262 can abut the confronting edge 222 of the main frame 210. Further urging of the cover 250 toward the main frame 210 will cause the main frame confronting edc,~ 222 to ride up the bevel, directing the leading edge 262 into the entrance of the recess 225.
(ooss~ If the mating projection 260 of the cover 250 is displaced outwardly (i.e., downwardly in Figure 5) from the illustrated position, the leading edge 262 of the cover 250 will engage the curved, outwardly flared guide surface 232. As the cover 250 is urged toward the main frame 210, the leading edge will slide along the guide surface 232, which will help guide the leading edge 262 of the cover into the recess 225.
(00541 As noted above, the guide 230 may be formed of a somewhat flexible material adapted to deflect in order to help introduce the leading edge 262 into the recess 225. As illustrated in Figure 5, the guide 230 may comprise a wall that is cantilevered a length t forwardly from the back 226 of the recess 225. By appropriate selection of materials and this length l, the forward edge of the guide 230 may deflect outwardly away from the confronting edge 222 as suggested by the arrow B, and into the retrofit gyp (272 in Figure 4). This will, in turn, widen the entrance of the recess 225, further easing introduction of the leading edge 262 into the recess 225.
(0055 In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the mating projection 260 of the cover 250 is sized to have a rebtively close fit in the recess 225. This can enhance the structural support of the back portion of the cover 250 by the main frame 210. This can also help ensure that an inner surface 254 of the cover 250 is (Application SL041630025.DOC] -15- 15 Jul 04 positioned immediately proximate the confrontng edge 222 of the main frame 210, enhancing the cosmetic appearance of the window frame assembly 200. Such a close fit makes it more difficult to insert the mating projection 260 into the recess 225, particularly with larger window sizes. Employing oneor more of a beveled, reduced thickness leading edge 262, an outwardly flared guide surface 232, and a deflectable cantilevered guide 230 can significantly assist in assembling the window frame assembly in the field by relatively unskilled labor.
looss~ The leading edge 262 of the cover 250 in Figure 5 has a single bevel adjacent the inner surface 254 of the cover 250. Figures 6AD illustrate the mating projections 260a-d, respectively, of covers 250a-d, respectively, in accordance with four different embodiment. In the embodiment of Figure 6A, the leading edge 262a is beveled adjacent the inner and outer surfaces of the mating projection 260a, but includes a blunt nose between the bevels. The lower bevel can cooperate with the guide surface (232 in Figure 5)to further assist in guiding the cover 250a with respect to the main frame 210. The cover 250b of Figure 6B
includes a leading edge 262b that is generally arrowshaped, with bevels extending inwardly from the inner and outer surfaces of the mating projeci~n 260b to meet at a relatively sharp edge. In the embodiment of Figure 6C, the leading edge 262c is curved, providing a smooth surface having a minimum thickness at the rearward extent of the leading edge 262c. The embodiment of Figure 6D
includes an arrow-shaped leading edge 262d similar to the leading edge 262b of the cover 250b shown in Figure 6B. The mating projection 260d of Figure 6D, however, also includes a forwardly facing shoulder or barb 263. This shoulder may be useful in conjunction vuth a guide 230 that includes an internal rib, which may be similar to the internal rib 134 shown in Figure 3. By engaging the internal rib, the shoulder 263 of the leading edge 262d can help retain the cover 250d in the recess 225 of Figure 5.
1005 Figure 7 illustrates a window frame assembly 300 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention installed in a window housing 23 without an existing aluminum frame. The window housing 23 may comprise a fenestration in a newly constructed wall or may be acheved by removing the inner lining and [Application SL041630025.DOC] -16- 15 Jul 04 existing frame (12b and 1, respectively, in Figure 1) in a retrofit application. The window housing 23 may include an inner subsill, jamb, and header lining component 22 defining a polygonal (e.g., rectangular) inner mounting aperture.
The framework of the window housing 23 may include a series of studs 26, subsiding 27, siding material 31, and an interior surface 24, e.g., sheet rock.
loossl The window frame assembly 300 includes a main frame 310 and a cover 350. The main frame 310 includes a confronting periphery 320 having a recess 325 defined between a confronting edge 322 and a guide 330. The guide 330 may comprise a cantilevered wall including an angled or curved, outwardly flared guide surface 332. The cover 350 includes a mating projection 360 that extends rearwardly from a peripherally extending casing 358.
looss~ In the illustrated embodiment, a support 370 is disposed between the mating projection 360 and an interior surface of the window housing, e.g., an inner surface of the subsill, jamb, and header lining component 22. Much like the support 170 in Figures 2 and 3 and the support 270 of Figure 4, this support may help structurally support the mating projection 360 about some or all of the periphery of the window opening 23. Unlike a retrofit installation where the distance between the inner surface of the lining component 22 and the mating projection 360 of the cover 350 is not known, if the window frame assembly 300 is employed in new construction, this distar~e is likely more consistent. In such an application, it may be advantageous for some or all of the mating projection 360 to have a thickness equal to that of the mating projection 360 and the support shown in Figure 7, i.e., so an outer peripheral suface of the mating projection will extend into direct contact with the inner peripheral surface of the lining component 22.
looso~ Many of the functional aspects of the window frame assembly 300 of Figure 7 are functionally similar to features of the window fame assembly 200 of Figures 4 and 5. One difference between these window frame assemblies 200 and 300 is that the main frame 310 of Figure 7 includes a nailing flange 312 that extends peripherally outwardly from the rest of the body 310. This nailing flange 312 may [Application SL041630025.DOC] -~ 7- 15 Jul 04 be attached to a stud 26 or other portion of the window housing 23 via a plurality of nails 314 or the like.
METHODS
I~~l TECHNICAL FIELD
fooo2l The present invention generally relates to fenestration products, e.g., windows. In particular, certain aspects of the invention relate to fenestration frame assemblies with peripheral gutters and associated methods.
BACKGROUND
foooal Increasingly, prefabricated fenestration products, e.g., prefabricated doors and windows, are used both in new constn~tion and in renovation of existing buildings. Prefabricated fenestration products typically are formed for walls having a fixed thickness. If the thickness of the wall falls outside of acceptable tolerances, installation of the window or door can be prd~lematic. This problem occurs with some frequency in new construction due to variations in the 15 Jul 04 [Application SL041630025.DOCJ
thicknesses and planarity of studs, sheet rock, and other components of the wall.
This problem becomes particularly acute when installing new fenestration proa~cts in older buildings, which typically have a much wider variance in wall thicknesses depending on a number of factors, including the age and geographical location of the building.
(0004 Some manufacturers have attempted to address the variation in wall thicknesses in new construction, with varying degrees of success. Baier et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,791,104, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference, suggests a jamb extension assembly for doors and windows. This assembly employs a multicomponent frame that can be assembled from multiple components by a manufacturer. The frame includes a jamb extender receiving slot and a jamb. The jamb includes an extender flange formed of a thin sheet of synthetic material that is adapted to be snapped along preformed score lines to adjust the length of the extender flange. Variations in wall thicknesses are accommodated by adjusting the extender flange to the appropriate length by breaking off a portion of the extender flange along the appropriate score lie.
Unfortunately, this requires that a visible inner portion of the window unit be formed of a relatively thin, breakable sheet material. If the window is not perfectly rectangular, the jamb extender flange may not precisely align with the receiving slot. Particularly with larger window sizes, it can be difficult to shove the extender flange into the slot. Attempts to force the extender flange into the slot can cause the flange to break along the preformed score lines, largely defeating the cosmetic purpose of the jamb extender.
(ooosl Adjustable jamb designs such as the one proposed by Baier et al. can be even more problematic in retrofit installations in existing buildings. After the Second World War, old-style wooden window frames were largely phased out in new home construction in the United States in favor of prefabricated aluminum frames. Figure 1 schematically illustrates the basic structural design of such an aluminum frame 1. This aluminum frame 1 includes an inner portion 2 designed to mount within a "rough" window housing 3 in the wall. The frame 1 also includes an outer portion 4, which typically has a width (e.g., about 19 millimeters) about [Application SL041630025.DOC) -2- 15 Jul 04 the same as the width of the inner portion 2. The inner and outer portions 2 and 4, respectively, of the frame 1 are demarcated at a cross~sectional midpoint of the frame 1 by a nailing flange 5 that extends outwardly from the outside periphery of the frame 1 to secure the frame 1 to the window housing 3.
looosl The prior art aluminum frames 1 were designed for insttllation into window housings 3 made up of 2X4 inch (50 mm X 100 mm) studs 6, or like materials, covered externally by a sheathing, insulating, or subsiding layer 7 and, occasionally, a subsill, jamb and header 12a. To install the frame 1, the frame 1 was partially inserted into the window housing 3 so that the inner portion 2 overlapped the subsill, jamb and header 12a and partially overlapped the stud 6.
To secure the frame 1 within the window housing 3, a nail 10 was then driven through the nailing flange 5 into the stud 6.
looo~ After installation of the aluminum frame 1 was thus completed, the outside of the window housing 3 was "finished" by securing a layer of siding material 11, such as shingles, to the outer surface of the subsiding layer 7, abutted agaist an undersurface of the outer portion 4 of the frame 1 to cover the nailing flange 5.
The inside of the window housing 3 was finished by securing an inner lining 12b, such as sheet rock or paneling, over the stud 6 and optional subsill, jamb, and header 12a of the window housing 3. This inner lining 12b was abutted against the inside face of the window housing 3 to form a finished interior sill.
Sheet rock 12c or the like was used to knish the interior.
~0008~ Aluminum window frames continued to be widely used in new home construction in the United States throughout the 1970s, after which they began to be phased out in favor of more energy~efficient, durable, and aesthetically appealing double-paned windows having extruded plastic frames. A large replacement market for modern plastic frames has developed in recent years, too.
Accordingly, millions of households across the United States and elsewhere have elected to replace existing aluminum frames with more durable, attractive, and energy-efficient plastic frames.
~ooos~ There are three common methods for retrofit installation of modern plastic window frames into finished window housings 3 originally designed for the prior art [/lpplicaGon SL041630025.DOCj -3- 15 Jul 04 aluminum frames 1. The most common method is to simply remove the old frame 1 in its entirety and install the replacement frame in its place (e.g., with an inner portion of the replacement frame seated atop the subsiding layer 7 and a portion of the stud 6 abutting, but not overlapping the inner lining 12b) without modifying the finished housing. However, modern, double~paned plastic window frames are considerably wider (one standard width is about 80 mm) than the aluminum frames (variable, but approximately 38 mm). This increased width is necessary to accommodate the double glazing panels and insulating airspace between the panels. Therefore, when modern plastic frames are installed according to the above method, the frame protrudes outwardly far beyond the window housing, creating an awkward external appearance and causing a structurallyundesirable weight distribution. Such installation methods, although widely practiced, are discouraged or prohibited by building codes and special utility grants.
loo~o~ A second method for retrofit installation of modern, doublepaned window frames into finished window housings 3 includes removing the old aluminum frame 1 and mounting the new frame on top of the existing subsill, jamb, and header 12a of the window housing 3. Under this alternative method, the installer must trim back the lining 12b to accommodate a deeper inset and a more flush external appearance of the frame. If the frame 1 is mounted on top of the subsill, jamb, and header 12a, the installer must trim out the outer portion (i.e., the subsill, jamb, and header 12a and subsiding layer 7) of th: window housing 3 with wood or other filler material to eliminate gaps between the periphery of the new frame and the inner lining 12b and subsiding layer 7. This trimming, which typically requires a skilled carpenter at the building site, is expensive and can account for a large portion of the total retrofit installation costs.
loop ~~ As a third method, some installers apparently are retrofitting modern vinyl frames on top of the existing aluminum main frame by first removing the existing sash and fixed lite, rien positioning the new frame in the resulting opening.
Extensive on-site trimming with wood is still required to cover the subsill, jamb, and header 12b because of the variable width of the existing aluminum main frames 1. Typically, the new vinyl frame is butt jointed to a piece of wood custom [Application SLl>41630025.DOC] -4- 15 Jul 04 ripped on-site to the current width to hide the existing frame 1. Additional trim pieces must be custom cut to cover gaps between the new buttjointed liner and the existing liner, as well as for the outside of he new window. These activities are extremely labor intensive and require skilled carpenters, adding significantly to the cost of window renovation.
Ioo~2~ Retrofitting window frames into stucco-finished window openings can be complicated by difficulties in removing the stucco siding layer covering the nailing flange of the original frame to allow the original frame to be removed. Unlike shingles and other siding materials, stucco must be chipped away from the nailing flange and cannot be replaced easily after emoval of the old frame. Due to the high cost of repairing stucco, it is common practice to leave the original aluminum frame in place and to mount the replacement frame over the original frame.
This requires removing any nailing flanges from the replace~nent frame and mounting the frame within the opening bounded by the original frame after its glazing panel and any cross-pieces have been torn out.
100~3~ Furthermore, the increased width of the replacement frame requires a deep inset so that the replacement franre can extend inward well beyond the inner face of the existing aluminum frame. This mounting arrangement forms a gap between the inner portion of the replacement frame and the lining portion of the original window housing. In current practice, this gap s trimmed with wood or other material cut on-site to fill or mask the gap, resulting in a significant increase in total retrofit installation costs. An additional drawback to this method is that the replacement frame, seated within the aperture defined by the original frame, reduces site size and daylight by narrowing the glazing panel aperture height and width. To avoid an unsightly external appearance of the window, the frame also must be modified by a special flange extending peripherally from the outgle of the frame to cover the outer face of the original aluminum frame.
100~4~ Another problem commonly associated with conventional retrofit installations is an inadequate seal between the retrofit window assembly and the structure in which it is installed. THs can permit rain or other moisture to seep between the new window frame and the preexisting structure. Sometimes, such [Applicatron S1041630025.DOC] -r'J-15 Jul 04 moisture can seep into direct contact with the walls. With stuccofinished window openings, for example, the moisture can lead to d~radation of the stucco or other components of the wall.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
loos) Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a prior art aluminum window frame installed in a window housing.
loos) Figure 2 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a portion of a fenestration frame assembly in accordance with one embodiment, mounted in a cutaway portion of an existing window housing.
~oo~~ Figure 3 is a schematic partial cross-section of the fenestration frame assembly shown in Figure 2.
loos) Figure 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a window frame assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
loos) Figure 5 is a schematic isolation view of a portion of the window frame assembly of Figure 4.
10020) Figures 6A-D are schematic cross-sectional views of the leading edges of covers in accordance with different embodiments of the invention.
10020 Figure 7 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view, similar to Figure 4, of a window frame assembly installed in a window housing ~ accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
X0022) Figure 8 is a schematic view of a fenestration frame assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention retrofit in a fenestration.
loots) Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fenestraion frame assembly of Figure 8 taken along line GC.
loo2a) Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fenestration frame assembly of Figure 8 taken along line D~D.
loots) Figure 11 is a schematic cros~sectional view of a retrofit fenestration frame assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
[Applicafron SL041630025.DOCj -6- 15 Jul D4 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A. OVERVIEW
~oo2s~ Various embodiments of the present invention are directed toward fenestration assemblies adapted to direct liquid that seeps into the fenestration assembly to flow in a channel or gutter instead of leaking into a wall in which the fenestration assembly is installed. Other embodiments are directed towards associated methods for making and/or installing such assemblies. For example, in one embodiment a fenestration frane assembly includes a main frame adapted to support a closure member with respect to a main frame opening. The main frame can include an external periphery and a peripheral gutter that extends along at least a portion of the external periphery of the may frame. The peripheral gutter can be positioned to deter liquid from flowing in at least one direction relative to the external periphery of the main frame.
1002 In another embodiment, a retrofitted window includes a wall having an external wall surface and a building aperture in the wall. The building aperture can have an inner surface. The retrofitted window can further includes an existing window frame component installed in the building aperture proximate to the inner surface. The existing window frame component can have an inner edge circumscribing an existing frame aperture smaller than the building aperture.
The retrofitted window can still further include a main frame at least partially received in the existing frame aperture. The main frame cancircumscribe a window opening.
The main frame can also include an outer frame surface, at least a portion of which is supportively engaged by the inner edge of the existing window frame component; an external periphery; and a peripheral gutter extending adially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery. The peripheral gutter can be positioned to direct liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the building aperture.
loo2a~ In yet another embodiment, a method of controlling liquid flow proximate to a fenestration frame assembly includes positioning a main frame with respect to an aperture in a wall that has an external wall surface. The main frame can include a main frame opening, an external periphery, and a peripheral gutter [Application SL041630025.DOC] -7-15 Jul 04 flange extending radially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery.
The method can further include receiving liquid in the peripheral gutter flange and directing the liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the aperture.
(oo2sl For ease of understanding, the following discussion is subdivided into two areas of emphasis. The first section discusses fenestration frame assemblies in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; the second section discusses fenestration frame assemblies with peripheral gutters in accordance with other embodiments of the invention.
B. FENESTRATION FRAME ASSEMBLIES
(ooso~ As noted above, aspects of the invention provide fenestation frame assemblies, which generally include both door frame assemblies and window frame assemblies. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings and detailed below focus on window frame assemblies. It should be recognized, however, that the invention need not be so limited, and some embodiments of the invention can encompass door frame assemblies, as well.
1. General (oos~~ Figures 2 and 3 schematically illustrate a window frame assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. This particular wialow frame assembly 100 is shown installed in a retrofit application, in which the window frame assembly 100 is installed in a finished window housing 3 similar to that shown in Figure 1. Most of the structure illustrated in Figure 1 remains in the installation shown in Figures 2 and 3 and like reference numbers are used in all three figures to indicate like structures. In Figures 2 and 3, the glazing (15 in Figure 1) has been removed from the aluminum frame. This defines an opening within which a portion of the window frame assembly 100 can be received.
(0032 The window frame assembly 100 generally includes a main frame 110 and a cover 150. In the following discussion, the right side of Figure 2 will be generally referred to as the "front" or "forward" portion of the structure and the left side of Figure 2 may be referred to as the "back" or "rearward" portion of the structure. It [Application SL041630025.DOC] -8- 15 Jul 04 should be recognized that these designations are solely for purposes of convenience and are not intended to specify any particularorientation with respect to the interior or exterior of the building, for example. In accordance with this adopted convention, the main frame 110 is disposed rearwardly in the window housing, and the cover 150 extends forwardly from the main frame 110.
loossl The main frame 110 generally includes an inner periphery 112, an outer periphery 114, a front surface 116, and a back surface 118. Though only one leg of the window frame assembly 100 is shown in Figures 2 and 3, it is anticipated that the window frame assembly 100 will extend entirely about the interior surface of the window housing 3 defining a closed polygon, e.g., a rectangle, as is known in the art.
loosa~ The main frame 110 also includes a confronting periphery 120 that is disposed immediately adjacent the cc~er 150. This confronting periphery 120 includes a recess 125 that is defined between a confronting edge 122 and a guide 130. The guide 130 may take a variety of forms. In the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3, the guide 130 comprises an elongated wal that is cantilevered from the back 126 of the recess 125. A forward lip of the guide 130 defines a guide surface 132. As explained below, the guide surface 132 may be adapted to guide the leading edge 162 of a mating projection 160 of the cover 150 irm the recess 125 during the installation process. If so desired, the guide 130 may include one or more internal ribs 134. These internal ribs 134 may be adapted to engage an outer surface of the mating projection 160 to bias it upwardly toward the confronting edge 122 of the main frame 110, presenting a more cosmetically appealing appearance.
loo3sl The main frame 110 may be formed of a variety of materials. In one embodiment, the main frame 110 is integrally formed from a polymeric material, such as an extrudable thermoplastic. In one particular embodiment, the main frame 110 includes a series of joined legs, each of which is integrally formed from an extruded vinyl.
looss~ In one embodiment, the guide 130 and/or its junction to the back of the recess 125 may be somewhat flexible. As explained below, this can permit the [Application SL041630025.DOC] -9- 15 Jul 04 cantilevered wall that defines the guide 130 to deflect outwardly somewhat when joining the cover 150 to the main frame 110. The flexibility of the guide 130 may be defined, in part, by the materials selected for the main frame 110 (including the modulus of elasticity of the material), the length of the guide 130 that extends forwardly from the back 126 of the recess 125, and the thickness of the guide 130.
In one useful embodiment, the guide 130 isformed of a resilient material, such as extruded vinyl, adapted to deflect during installation of the cover 150, yet allow the internal surface of the guide 130 (e.g., any internal rib 134 that may be employed) to resiliently urge upwardly against the mathg projection 160 of the cover 150.
loose If so desired, a cowling 140 may extend peripherally outwardly from the back surface 118 of the main frame 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the cowling 140 is formed separately and is attached to the rest of the mainframe via a conventional accessory groove 142. If so desired, though, the cowling may be integrally formed with the rest of the main frame 110.
loo3s~ The cover 150 generally includes a transverse body 152 that extends forwardly from the confronting periphery 120 of the main frame 110. The transverse body 152 may optionally include a casing 158 that extends peripherally outwardly from a forward edge of the transverse body 152. The width of the casing 158 may be varied as desired. In one embodiment, tle casing 158 extends peripherally outwardly from the forward edge of the transverse body 152 farther than the greatest width of a retrofit gap 172 expected to be encountered in retrofit installations of the window frame assembly 100. The transverse body b2 has an inner surface 154 that faces toward the interior of the opening, and an outer surface 156 that is juxtaposed with an interior surface of the inner lining 12b of the window housing 3. If so desired, the outer surface 156 of the transverse body 1 g may directly abut the inner surface of the inner lining 12b. In the illustrated embodiment, though, the outer surface 156 is spaced from the inner lining 12b, defining the retrofit gap 172 therebetween.
looss~ The cover 150 may be made from a variety of millwork products including solid wood (e.g., ponderosa pine), engineered wood fibe+thermoplastic composites, extruded thermoplastics without fillers, or any other material [Application SL041630025.DOC]
15 Jul 04 conventional in the field of window making. In the illustrated embodiment, the transverse body 152 and casing 158 are schematically shown as being integrally formed. In another embodiment, the casing 158 and transverse body 152 are formed separately and later joined to form the cover 150.
looao~ A mating projection 160 extends rearwardly from the rear edge of the transverse body 152. The mating projection 160 is sized to be slidably received in the recess 125 of the main frame 110. At least the leading edge 162 of the mating projection 160 may have a reduced thickness as compared to the thicknessof the transverse body 152. In the illustrated embodiment, the entire mating projection 160 is thinner than the transverse body 152, defining a shoulder 164 at the junction between the mating projection 160 and the transverse body 152. This shoulder 164 may serve as a stop, abutting the leading edge of the guide 130 to limit movement of the cover 150 toward the main frame 110. In other embodiments, the mating projection 160 and transverse body 152 may have the same thickness.
looa~~ When the cover 150 is installed with respect to the main frame 110, the leading edge 162 of the mating projection 160 is positioned within the recess 125.
Because the mating projection 160 is slidably received in the recess 125, the cover 150 and main frame 110 are telescopically adjustable in a transverse direction to accommodate varying wall widths (W in Figure 3). If the wall is thicker, the leading edge 162 may be positioned closer to the front entrance of the recess 125; if the wall width W is thinner, the mating projection 1 ~ may extend further into the recess 125, with the leading edge 162 of the mating projection positioned closer to the back 126 of the recess 125.
10042 The length of the mating projection 160 and the depth of the recess 125 can be varied. In one embodiment, the mating projection 160 has a length greater than the depth of the recess 125. In another embodiment, the recess 125 is deeper than the length of the mating projection 160. In still another embodiment, the length of the mating projection 160 is about equ~ to the depth of the recess 125. In one particular example, the depth of the recess 125 and the length of the mating projection 160 are both at least about 0.5 inches, e.g., about 0.5- 2 inches.
[Application SL041630025.DOC] -~ ~ - 15 Jul 04 In another embodiment, this depth and length are both abort 0.75 - 2 inches.
Having a recess depth and a mating projection length between about 1 inch and about 2 inches should suffice for most applications. It may be advantageous to employ a deeper recess 125 and longer mating projection 160 in applications intended for use in retrofit installations than in new building construction because the variability in the wall width W tends to be greater in retrofit installations than in new construction.
(0043 As noted above, in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 3, thewindow frame assembly 100 is installed in an existing window housing 3 without removing the existing aluminum frame 1. In such an embodiment, the outer periphery 114 of the main frame 110 may rest on an inner periphery of the aluminum frame 1, at least along the bottom leg of the window housing 3. Due in part to variations in the thickness (or even omission) of the inner lining 12b in different installations, the distance between the outer surface 156 of the transverse body 152 and the inner surface of the inner lining 12b may vary from one installation to the next.
When the cover 150 is joined to the main frame 110, there may be a retrofit gap 172 between the cover 150 and the inner lining 12b, as noted above.
(oo4al In one embodiment, the retrofit gap 172 remains open and the cover 150 is simply spaced from the inner lining 12b around its periphery. In the illustrated embodiment, however, a shim or support 170 is disposed in the retrofit gap 172.
The support 170 supportingly engages the outer surface 156 of the cover transverse body 152 and the inner surface of the inner lining 12b. The support 170 may structurally support the cover 150 between the main frame 110 and the casing 158, which may be nailed or otherwise attached to the sheet rock 12c of the wall. The support 170 need not extend around the entire periphery of the window frame assembly 100. In one particular embodiment, the support 170 is received in the retrofit gap 172 between the sill and the lower leg of the cover 150, but no shim is employed between the cover 150 and the vertically extending jambs or the upper header of the window housing 3. The support 170 may support the lower leg of the cover 150 with respect to the sill if the user places a heavy object on the cover 150 or leans or sits on the cover 150, for example.
(Applit~dion s~041630025.DOCj ~~ 2- 15 Jul 04 loo4s~ The support 170 may be formed of any desirable material. In one embodiment, the support 170 comprises a relatively rigid material such as wood or a stiff thermoplastic material. In another embodiment, the support 170 compris's a more resilient material, such as a neoprene foam or the like. In addition to providing structural support to the cover 150, such a resilient support 170 may exert an inward bias on the cover 150, pushing the inner surface 154 of the cover 150 toward the confronting edge 122 of the main frame 110. This can provide a closer fit between the cover 150 and the main frame 110, enhancing the cosmetic appearance of the window frame assembly 100. The support 170 may comprise a single elongate block or length In another embodiment, a series of separate supports 170 are spaced along the inner surface of the window housing 3 to engage spaced-apart locations on the outer surface 156 of the transverse body 152.
~oo4s~ Figures 4-6 schematically illustrate aspects a wincbw frame assembly in accordance with an alternative embodiment. The window frame assembly 200 includes a main frame 210 and a cover 250. The main frame 210 has a confronting periphery 220 including a recess 225 defined between a confronting edge 222 and a guide 230. The guide 230 comprises a cantilevered wall extending forwardly from the back 226 of the recess 225. A forward lip of the guide 230 is flared outwardly to define an outwardly curved guide surface 232.
As in the prior embodiment, the gucie 230 may be formed of a somewhat flexible material that permits the cantilevered guide 230 to deflect and move the guide surface 232 outwardly away from the confronting edge 222. Although the guide 230 shown in Figure 4 does not include an internal rib(134 in Figure 3), such an internal rib could be included on the guide 230.
~004~ The main frame 210 also includes a cowling 240. Unlike the previous embodiment in which the cowling 140 was formed separately and attached to the rest of the main frame 110 via an accessory groove 142, the cowling 240 in Figure 4 is integrally formed with the other elements of the main frame 210, e.g., by being part of the same extruded body. In certain embodiments, the cowling 240 may be sealingly adjoined to the aluminum frame 1 by a bead of a sealant 298, e.g., a [Applicat'ron SL041630025.DOC] -13- 15 Jul 04 silicone caulk or the like. In other embodiments, the sealant 298 may comprise a compressible, relatively non-porous neoprene or the like. In still other embodiments, there is no sealant 298 between the aluminum frame 1 and the cowling 240.
(oo~~ The cover 250 of the window frame assembly 200 of Figure 4 includes a mating projection 260 extending rearwardly from a junction with the casing 258. In this embodiment, the transverse body and the mating projection 260 of the cm~er 250 are all the same thickness and may be thought of as one continuous element, in contrast to the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3, in which the shoulder is defined by a change in thickness where the mating projection 160 joins the transverse body 152.
(oo4s~ The embodiment of Figure 4 also includes a support 270 disposed between the mating projection 260 and the inner lining 12b of the wall. The support may extend around the entire outer periphery of the mating projection 260, along just a lower leg of the mating projection 260 to support the bottom of the cover 250 with respect to the subsill 12a, or along any other suitable segment of the outer periphery of the mating projection 260.
(ooso~ Figure 5 is a schematic isolation view of the confronting perphery 220 of the main frame 210 and the mating projection 260 of the cover 250 shown in Figure 4. In Figure 5, the cover 250 and the main frame 210 are still separate from one another, i.e., they have not been assembled within the window housing to define the completed window frame assembly 200 shown in Figure 4. To assemble the window frame assembly 200, a leading edge 262 of the cover 250 may be inserted into the recess 225 in the main frame 210, as suggested by the arrow A. The leading edge 262 may be advanced within the recess 225 toward the back 226, telescopically adjusting the width of the window frame assembly to accommodate different wall widths.
(oos~~ The cover 250 and recess 225 shown in Figures 4 and 5 include features that can facilitate assembly of the window frame assembly 200 in place at a construction site. Ideally, the window housing 3, the main frame 210, and the cover 250 would all be precisely formed with minimal tolerances to ensure an easy [Application SL041630025.DOC] -~ 4- 15 Jul 04 sliding entry of the leading edge 262 of the cover 250 into the recess 225. In reality, the precise alignment of the leading edge 262 with the recess 225 may be adversely impacted by a window housing 3 that is not perfectly true or rectangular, changes in dimensions of the main frame 210 and/or the cover 250 due to changes in temperature or humidity, or other factors.
(oos2~ The leading edge 262 shown in Figure 5 is beveled to give it a reduced thickness compared to the rest of the mating projection 260. If a portion of the leading edge 262 deviates inwadly (i.e., upwardly in Figure 5) from the illustrated position, the bevel on the leading edge 262 can abut the confronting edge 222 of the main frame 210. Further urging of the cover 250 toward the main frame 210 will cause the main frame confronting edc,~ 222 to ride up the bevel, directing the leading edge 262 into the entrance of the recess 225.
(ooss~ If the mating projection 260 of the cover 250 is displaced outwardly (i.e., downwardly in Figure 5) from the illustrated position, the leading edge 262 of the cover 250 will engage the curved, outwardly flared guide surface 232. As the cover 250 is urged toward the main frame 210, the leading edge will slide along the guide surface 232, which will help guide the leading edge 262 of the cover into the recess 225.
(00541 As noted above, the guide 230 may be formed of a somewhat flexible material adapted to deflect in order to help introduce the leading edge 262 into the recess 225. As illustrated in Figure 5, the guide 230 may comprise a wall that is cantilevered a length t forwardly from the back 226 of the recess 225. By appropriate selection of materials and this length l, the forward edge of the guide 230 may deflect outwardly away from the confronting edge 222 as suggested by the arrow B, and into the retrofit gyp (272 in Figure 4). This will, in turn, widen the entrance of the recess 225, further easing introduction of the leading edge 262 into the recess 225.
(0055 In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the mating projection 260 of the cover 250 is sized to have a rebtively close fit in the recess 225. This can enhance the structural support of the back portion of the cover 250 by the main frame 210. This can also help ensure that an inner surface 254 of the cover 250 is (Application SL041630025.DOC] -15- 15 Jul 04 positioned immediately proximate the confrontng edge 222 of the main frame 210, enhancing the cosmetic appearance of the window frame assembly 200. Such a close fit makes it more difficult to insert the mating projection 260 into the recess 225, particularly with larger window sizes. Employing oneor more of a beveled, reduced thickness leading edge 262, an outwardly flared guide surface 232, and a deflectable cantilevered guide 230 can significantly assist in assembling the window frame assembly in the field by relatively unskilled labor.
looss~ The leading edge 262 of the cover 250 in Figure 5 has a single bevel adjacent the inner surface 254 of the cover 250. Figures 6AD illustrate the mating projections 260a-d, respectively, of covers 250a-d, respectively, in accordance with four different embodiment. In the embodiment of Figure 6A, the leading edge 262a is beveled adjacent the inner and outer surfaces of the mating projection 260a, but includes a blunt nose between the bevels. The lower bevel can cooperate with the guide surface (232 in Figure 5)to further assist in guiding the cover 250a with respect to the main frame 210. The cover 250b of Figure 6B
includes a leading edge 262b that is generally arrowshaped, with bevels extending inwardly from the inner and outer surfaces of the mating projeci~n 260b to meet at a relatively sharp edge. In the embodiment of Figure 6C, the leading edge 262c is curved, providing a smooth surface having a minimum thickness at the rearward extent of the leading edge 262c. The embodiment of Figure 6D
includes an arrow-shaped leading edge 262d similar to the leading edge 262b of the cover 250b shown in Figure 6B. The mating projection 260d of Figure 6D, however, also includes a forwardly facing shoulder or barb 263. This shoulder may be useful in conjunction vuth a guide 230 that includes an internal rib, which may be similar to the internal rib 134 shown in Figure 3. By engaging the internal rib, the shoulder 263 of the leading edge 262d can help retain the cover 250d in the recess 225 of Figure 5.
1005 Figure 7 illustrates a window frame assembly 300 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention installed in a window housing 23 without an existing aluminum frame. The window housing 23 may comprise a fenestration in a newly constructed wall or may be acheved by removing the inner lining and [Application SL041630025.DOC] -16- 15 Jul 04 existing frame (12b and 1, respectively, in Figure 1) in a retrofit application. The window housing 23 may include an inner subsill, jamb, and header lining component 22 defining a polygonal (e.g., rectangular) inner mounting aperture.
The framework of the window housing 23 may include a series of studs 26, subsiding 27, siding material 31, and an interior surface 24, e.g., sheet rock.
loossl The window frame assembly 300 includes a main frame 310 and a cover 350. The main frame 310 includes a confronting periphery 320 having a recess 325 defined between a confronting edge 322 and a guide 330. The guide 330 may comprise a cantilevered wall including an angled or curved, outwardly flared guide surface 332. The cover 350 includes a mating projection 360 that extends rearwardly from a peripherally extending casing 358.
looss~ In the illustrated embodiment, a support 370 is disposed between the mating projection 360 and an interior surface of the window housing, e.g., an inner surface of the subsill, jamb, and header lining component 22. Much like the support 170 in Figures 2 and 3 and the support 270 of Figure 4, this support may help structurally support the mating projection 360 about some or all of the periphery of the window opening 23. Unlike a retrofit installation where the distance between the inner surface of the lining component 22 and the mating projection 360 of the cover 350 is not known, if the window frame assembly 300 is employed in new construction, this distar~e is likely more consistent. In such an application, it may be advantageous for some or all of the mating projection 360 to have a thickness equal to that of the mating projection 360 and the support shown in Figure 7, i.e., so an outer peripheral suface of the mating projection will extend into direct contact with the inner peripheral surface of the lining component 22.
looso~ Many of the functional aspects of the window frame assembly 300 of Figure 7 are functionally similar to features of the window fame assembly 200 of Figures 4 and 5. One difference between these window frame assemblies 200 and 300 is that the main frame 310 of Figure 7 includes a nailing flange 312 that extends peripherally outwardly from the rest of the body 310. This nailing flange 312 may [Application SL041630025.DOC] -~ 7- 15 Jul 04 be attached to a stud 26 or other portion of the window housing 23 via a plurality of nails 314 or the like.
2. Methods loose As noted above, other embodiments of the invention provide methods of installing fenestration frame assemblies. In the fdlowing discussion, reference is made to the particular fenestration frame assemblies shown in the drawings discussed above. It should be understood, though, that the reference to these particular fenestration frame assemblies is solely for purposes of iustration and that the method outlined below is not limited to any of the fenestration frame assembly designs shown in the drawings or discussed in detail above.
a. New Window Installations loos2l One embodiment of the invention provides a method of installinga window frame assembly. In one particular application of this method, a window frame assembly is installed in a window housing that is either a new window housing or is an existing window housing from which the existing frame (1 in Figure 1) has been removed. Certain aspects of this embodiment are discussed in the context of Figure 7, though any of a variety of other structures may be employed.
loos3~ In accordance with this method, the main frame 310 of the window frame assembly 300 is positioned with respect to the window housing 23. In particular, the main frame 310 is positioned so that at least a portion of the main frame extends into the aperture defined by the window housing 23. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, this may include allowing an oute~ surface of the main frame 310 to rest on an inner surface of the lining component 22 and attaching the nailing flange 312 of the main frame 310 to a portion of the window housing 23, e.g., via a plurality of nails 314.
loos4~ The cover 350 is positioned with respect to the window housing 23 and the main frame 310. In the context of Figure 7, this may comprise generally aligning the mating projection 360 of the cover 350 with the recess 325 in the main frame 310.
[Application SL041630025.DOCj -~ 8- 15 Jul 04 loossl With the cover 350 so aligned, the cover 350 maybe advanced rearwardly, i.e., to the left in Figure 7. This will insert the reduced thickness leading edge 362 of the mating projection 360 into the peripheral recess 325 of the main frame 310.
In most typical installations, the guide surface 332 of theguide 330 will engage the leading edge 362 of the cover 350 along at least a portion of the length of the leading edge 362. For example, if the cover 350 is slightly skewed with respect to the peripheral recess 325, portions of the mating projection 360 rtay be spaced inwardly from the guide 330, while other portions of the mating projection 360 may strike the guide 330. The engagement between the leading edge 362 of the cover 350 and the guide surface 332 of the guide 330 will help guide the mating projection 360 into the recess 325. As discussed above in connection with Figure 5, for example, the guide 330 may comprise a cantilevered wall that is adapted to deflect outwardly away from the confronting edge 322 in response to the force of the leading edge 362 against the guide surface 332. This will make the entrance of the peripheral recess 325 wider, facilitating entry of the mating projection 360 into the recess 325.
looss~ The main frame 310 may telescopically receive the mating projection 360, reducing the distance between the cowling 340 of the main frame 310 and the casing 358 of the cover 350 until the cowling 340 and casing 358 engage opposite sides of the wall. The cover 350 may then be affixed within the window housing 23 with respect to the main frame310, e.g., by attaching the cover 350 to the main frame 310 or attaching the casing 358 of the cover 350 to the wall.
b. Retrofit Window Installations loose In other applications, embodiments of the invention provide methods for retrofit installation of a window frame assembly in an existing window housing without requiring removal of an existing window frame. As a preliminary step, the method may include preparing an existing window to receive the new window frame assembly. With an existing window, such as that shown in Figure 1, this may entail removing the glazing 15 from the existing aluminum frame 1, defining an existing frame aperture that is circumscribed by the inner edge of the aluminum frame 1.
(Application SL041630025.DOC] -19-15 Jul 04 loos8~ An appropriately sized main frame and cover may then be selected for installation in the existing frame aperture. In some applications, the main frame and cover may be custom manufactured to fit a specific frame aperture in a specific building. In the context of Figure 4, for example, this may entail selecfig a window frame assembly 200 that includes a main frame 210 having an outer periphery (excluding the cowling 240) sized to be received in the existing frame aperture. In one embodiment, the outer periphery of the main frame 210 is about the same size as the existing frame aperture so that the main frame 210 will substantially fill the existing frame aperture.
looss~ The main frame 210 may be positioned with respect to the existing frame aperture by introducing a front portion of the main frame 210 into the exi~ng frame aperture. The existing aluminum frame 1 may help support the main frame 210 within the existing frame aperture. Although the existing frame 1 may engage the entire outer periphery of the main frame 210, this is not believed to be necessary. If the outer periphery of the main frame 210 is slightly smaller than the existing frame aperture, a lower leg of the main frame 210 may rest on the inner edge of the lower leg of the existing frame 1. In the particular embodiment shown in Figure 4, this will allow the cantilevered guide 230 to extend above the inner surface of the inner lining 12b, leaving room for the front edge of the guide 230 to deflect outwardly from the confronting edge 222 of the main frame 210, as discussed above in connection with Figure 5.
loo~o~ The cover 250 may then be positioned with respect to the main frame 210 and the window housing 3 as discussed above. The mating projection 260 of the cover 250 may then be advanced into the peripheral recess 225 until the casing 258 of the cover 250 engages the inner surface of the wall, i.e., the inner surface of the sheet rock 12c in Figure 4. If the main frame 210 is not already in its intended position, it may also be advanced forwardly within the existing frame aperture until it is in its desired position, e.g., until the cowling 240 engages the back surface of the existing frame 1. The main frame 210 and the cover 250 may then be affixed in position with respect to one another and/or the wall, as described above.
[Application SL041630025.DOC] -20- 15 Jul 04 loo~~~ In the embodiment shown ~ Figure 4, the outer surface of the mating projection 260 is juxtaposed with, but spaced from, the inner surface of the inner lining 12b, defining a retrofit gap 272. In one embodiment, this retrofit gap may be left open about the entire periphery of the cover 250. In another embodiment, a support 270 may be disposed in the retrofit gap 272 to supportingly engage the inner lining 12b and the cover 250, as noted previously. If such a support 270 is to be employed, the support 270 is advantageously paitioned on the inner lining 12b before the cover 250 is inserted into the recess 225 of the main frame 210. It may be necessary to try several different supports 270 until the correct thickness is achieved. In one embodiment, this may comprise adding a series of layers or otherwise adjusting the thickness of the support 270, much like one may adjust the thickness of a shim in some other contexts.
Ioo~2~ If the support 270 is formed of a somewhat resilient material, such as a neoprene foam or the like, the suppo-t 270 may be positioned along some or all of the inner periphery of the inner lining 12b. Thereafter, the cover 250 may be introduced, with the mating projection 260 compressing the support 270 sufficiently to allow the leading edge 262 of the cover 250 to align with the entrance of the recess 225. Such a resilient support 270 may urge the mating projection 260 inwardly along some or all of the periphery of the cover 250.
In such an application, the reduced thickness leading edge 262 of the cover 250 (which may include a bevel, as noted above), the guide surface 232, and/or deflection of the cantilevered guide 230 may facilitate entry of the slightly misaligned mating projection 260 into the recess 225.
C. FENESTRATION FRAME ASSEMBLIES WITH PERIPHERAL GUTTERS
loo~s~ Embodiments of the present invention are directed toward fenestration assemblies adapted to direct liquid that seeps into the fenestration assembly to flow in a channel instead of leaking into the wall. The fenestration assembly can be used in any suitable fenestration, but in one embodiment the fenestration frame assembly comprises a window frame assembly adapted to be retrofit in an existing window opening. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings and detailed below focus on window frame assemdies retrofitted in an existing window opening. It [Application SL041630025.DOC] -2 ~ - 15 Jul 04 should be recognized, however, that the invention need not be so limited, and some embodiments of the invention can encompass other types of fenestration assemblies (e.g., door frame assemblies) and/or offer types of installations (e.g., fenestration assemblies installed in wall apertures that do not have existing window openings). Peripheral gutters can also be combined with any single embodiment or combination of embodiments discussed above.
1. General loo~a~ The fenestration frame assembly 500 of Figure 8 generally includes a main frame 510, which may include a confronting periphery 520 and a guide 530. This confronting periphery 520 and guide 530 may be directly analogous to the confronting periphery 220 and guide 230 of the window frame assembly 200 in Figures 4 and 5. In other embodiments, discussed below in further detail, the guide 530 may be omitted and a more conventional system may be used to finish the other side of the window housing 3 or other feiestration.
loo~s~ The main frame 510 may also include a cowling 540 that extends outwardly to cosmetically cover the pre-existing aluminum frame 1. If so desired, the cowling 540 may be sealingly adjoined to the aluminum frame 1 by a bead of a sealant 598, e.g., a silicone caulk or the like. In other embodiments, the sealant 598 may comprise a compressible, relatively non-porous neoprene or the like.
loo~s~ One difference between the window frame assemblies 100 and 200 shown in Figure 4 and the fenestration frame assanbly 500 shown in Figures 8-10 of the present application is the presence of a gutter flange 544. This gutter flange extends radially outwardly from an external periphery of the body of the main frame 510. In the illustrated embodiment, the gutter f~nge 544 is spaced forwardly from a forward face of the cowling 540 and may be generally parallel to the cowling 540. This defines a peripheral gutter 545 (identified in Figures 9 and as gutter lengths 545x-d). In other embodiments, the peripheral guter can have different shapes and/or be formed with different components. For example, in certain embodiments, the gutter flange 544 and the external periphery of the main frame 510 can form the peripheral gutter, without a cowling 540.
[Application SL04163D025.DOC] -22- 15 Jul 04 loo~~ Looking at Figure 9, if the seal 598 is defective along the upper portion of the structure, water or other fluid can seep past the seal 598. Rather than being free to flow into contact with the other components of the wall, though, this fluid will be generally retained within the upper gutter segment 545a. Under force of gravity, the fluid can then be directed down the two vertically extending gutter segments 545c and 545d (Figure 10) and flow down into the lower flange, portion, or segment 1 a of the existing aluminum fame 1. Such aluminum frames may already include so-called "weep holes" 560a (Figure 9) to allow any moisture captured by the frame to flow out of the frame and down the wall. If the pre existing aluminum frame 1 does not already include weep holes 560a,weep holes 560a may be formed in the lower portion 1a (e.g., by drilling). The cooperation of the gutter 545 and the weep holes 560a will direct any fluid that passes through the sealant 598 downwardly to the lower segment 1 a and out of the fenestration assembly. As a consequence, the likelihood of damaging the rest of the structure by moisture inadvertently introduced by a defective seal can be significantly reduced or eliminated.
loo~s~ In other embodiments, weep holes 560b can be formed in a portion of the peripheral gutter instead of, or in addition to, the weep holes in the existing frame 510. In still other embodiments, the assembly does not have weep holes and fluid exits the gutters 545 via other routes (e.g., the lower segment 1 a is configured so that it does not seal against the cowling 540 and configured so that it does not retain liquid). In yet other embodiments, the main frame can have more or fewer gutter segments and/or gutter segments that do not extend along the entire length of a portion (e.g., a side) of the external periphery of the main frame 510.
For example, certain embodiments can include the upper gutter segment 545a and portions of the two vertical gutter segments 545c and 545d, without having a lower gutter segment 545b and/or a lower segment 1 a. The various portions of the fenestration assembly can be formed from any suitable material or combination of materials (e.g., wood, plastic, and/or aluminum).
loo7s~ As discussed above, embodiments of fenestration assemblies having peripheral gutiers have been illustrated using window frame assembly similar to [Application SL041630025.DOC] -23- 15 Jul 04 the window frame assembly 200 in Figures 4 and 5. However, other embodiments can use a more conventional system to finish the window housing 3 or other fenestration. The fenestration frame assembly 600 of Figure 11, for example, does not include the guide 530 shown in Figures 4 and 5. (Like reference numbers are used in Figures 4 and 11 to indicate like structure.) Instead, the assembly includes a more conventional confronting periphery620.
looso~ Figure 11 also differs from the embodiment of Figures &10 in another way.
The gutter 545 in Figures 9 and 10 is defined between the cowling 540 and gutter flange 544. The embodiment of Figure 11, however, does not include a gutter flange. Instead, the gutter 645 is defined as a recess or indentation the external periphery of the main frame 510. Although the illustrated gutter 645 is an angular recess in cross section, the wall defining the gutter may be curved or have any other suitable shape.
2. Methods loose As noted above, other embodiments of the invention provide methods of installing and/or making the fenestration frame assemblies. In the following discussion, reference is made to the particular fenestration frame assemblies shown in the draw~gs discussed above. It should be understood, though, that the reference to these particular fenestration frame assemblies is solely for purposes of illustration and that the method outlined below is not limited to any of the fenestration frame assembly designs shown in the drawings or discussed in detail above.
Ioo82~ Certain embodiments of the invention can include methods for installing fenestration assemblies with peripheral gutters in existing fenestration assemblies (e.g., existing window assemblies) or n walls or structures that have an aperture without an existing fenestration structure (e.g., a newly constructed building). For example, in a retrofit window application, a main frame configured to circumscribe (or circumscribing) a window opening can be installed in an existing window frame component that is already installed in a building aperture. The main frame can have a at least one peripheral gutter flange extending radially outwardly from at least a portion of the external periphery of the main fame to from at least a portion [Application SL041630026.DOC] -24- 15 Jul 04 of a peripheral gutter, in accordance with embodiments of the invention described above. In other embodiment, a similar main frame assembly can be installed in a wall aperture that does not have an existing fenestration assembly.
looss~ Other embodiments can include methods for controlling liquid flow proximate to a fenestration frame assembly. For example, in one embodiment the method can include positioning a main frame with respect to an aperture in a wall that has an external wall surface. The main frame can include a main frame opening, an external periphery, and a peripheral gutter flange extending radially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery. The method can further include receiving liquid in the peripheral gutter flange and directing the liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the aperture.
loosa~ The above-detailed embodiments of the invention are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invenion to the precise form disclosed above.
Specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described above for illustrative purposes, but those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. For example, whereas steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform steps in a different order. The various embodiments described herein can be combined to provide further embodiments.
loossl Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise," "comprising," and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, i.e., in a sense of "including, but notlimited to." Use of the word "or" in reference to a list of items is intended to cover a) any of the items in the list, b) all of the items in the list, and c) any combination of the items in the list.
looss~ In general, the terms used in the following claims shuld not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification unless the above-detailed description explicitly defines such terms. In addition, the inventors contemplate various aspects of the invention in any nur~ber of claim forms. Accordingly, the inventors reserve the right to add claims after filing the [Application SL041630025.DOC] -25- 15 Jul 04 application to pursue such additional claim forms for other aspects of the invention.
[Application SL041630025.DOC] -26- 15 Jul 04
a. New Window Installations loos2l One embodiment of the invention provides a method of installinga window frame assembly. In one particular application of this method, a window frame assembly is installed in a window housing that is either a new window housing or is an existing window housing from which the existing frame (1 in Figure 1) has been removed. Certain aspects of this embodiment are discussed in the context of Figure 7, though any of a variety of other structures may be employed.
loos3~ In accordance with this method, the main frame 310 of the window frame assembly 300 is positioned with respect to the window housing 23. In particular, the main frame 310 is positioned so that at least a portion of the main frame extends into the aperture defined by the window housing 23. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, this may include allowing an oute~ surface of the main frame 310 to rest on an inner surface of the lining component 22 and attaching the nailing flange 312 of the main frame 310 to a portion of the window housing 23, e.g., via a plurality of nails 314.
loos4~ The cover 350 is positioned with respect to the window housing 23 and the main frame 310. In the context of Figure 7, this may comprise generally aligning the mating projection 360 of the cover 350 with the recess 325 in the main frame 310.
[Application SL041630025.DOCj -~ 8- 15 Jul 04 loossl With the cover 350 so aligned, the cover 350 maybe advanced rearwardly, i.e., to the left in Figure 7. This will insert the reduced thickness leading edge 362 of the mating projection 360 into the peripheral recess 325 of the main frame 310.
In most typical installations, the guide surface 332 of theguide 330 will engage the leading edge 362 of the cover 350 along at least a portion of the length of the leading edge 362. For example, if the cover 350 is slightly skewed with respect to the peripheral recess 325, portions of the mating projection 360 rtay be spaced inwardly from the guide 330, while other portions of the mating projection 360 may strike the guide 330. The engagement between the leading edge 362 of the cover 350 and the guide surface 332 of the guide 330 will help guide the mating projection 360 into the recess 325. As discussed above in connection with Figure 5, for example, the guide 330 may comprise a cantilevered wall that is adapted to deflect outwardly away from the confronting edge 322 in response to the force of the leading edge 362 against the guide surface 332. This will make the entrance of the peripheral recess 325 wider, facilitating entry of the mating projection 360 into the recess 325.
looss~ The main frame 310 may telescopically receive the mating projection 360, reducing the distance between the cowling 340 of the main frame 310 and the casing 358 of the cover 350 until the cowling 340 and casing 358 engage opposite sides of the wall. The cover 350 may then be affixed within the window housing 23 with respect to the main frame310, e.g., by attaching the cover 350 to the main frame 310 or attaching the casing 358 of the cover 350 to the wall.
b. Retrofit Window Installations loose In other applications, embodiments of the invention provide methods for retrofit installation of a window frame assembly in an existing window housing without requiring removal of an existing window frame. As a preliminary step, the method may include preparing an existing window to receive the new window frame assembly. With an existing window, such as that shown in Figure 1, this may entail removing the glazing 15 from the existing aluminum frame 1, defining an existing frame aperture that is circumscribed by the inner edge of the aluminum frame 1.
(Application SL041630025.DOC] -19-15 Jul 04 loos8~ An appropriately sized main frame and cover may then be selected for installation in the existing frame aperture. In some applications, the main frame and cover may be custom manufactured to fit a specific frame aperture in a specific building. In the context of Figure 4, for example, this may entail selecfig a window frame assembly 200 that includes a main frame 210 having an outer periphery (excluding the cowling 240) sized to be received in the existing frame aperture. In one embodiment, the outer periphery of the main frame 210 is about the same size as the existing frame aperture so that the main frame 210 will substantially fill the existing frame aperture.
looss~ The main frame 210 may be positioned with respect to the existing frame aperture by introducing a front portion of the main frame 210 into the exi~ng frame aperture. The existing aluminum frame 1 may help support the main frame 210 within the existing frame aperture. Although the existing frame 1 may engage the entire outer periphery of the main frame 210, this is not believed to be necessary. If the outer periphery of the main frame 210 is slightly smaller than the existing frame aperture, a lower leg of the main frame 210 may rest on the inner edge of the lower leg of the existing frame 1. In the particular embodiment shown in Figure 4, this will allow the cantilevered guide 230 to extend above the inner surface of the inner lining 12b, leaving room for the front edge of the guide 230 to deflect outwardly from the confronting edge 222 of the main frame 210, as discussed above in connection with Figure 5.
loo~o~ The cover 250 may then be positioned with respect to the main frame 210 and the window housing 3 as discussed above. The mating projection 260 of the cover 250 may then be advanced into the peripheral recess 225 until the casing 258 of the cover 250 engages the inner surface of the wall, i.e., the inner surface of the sheet rock 12c in Figure 4. If the main frame 210 is not already in its intended position, it may also be advanced forwardly within the existing frame aperture until it is in its desired position, e.g., until the cowling 240 engages the back surface of the existing frame 1. The main frame 210 and the cover 250 may then be affixed in position with respect to one another and/or the wall, as described above.
[Application SL041630025.DOC] -20- 15 Jul 04 loo~~~ In the embodiment shown ~ Figure 4, the outer surface of the mating projection 260 is juxtaposed with, but spaced from, the inner surface of the inner lining 12b, defining a retrofit gap 272. In one embodiment, this retrofit gap may be left open about the entire periphery of the cover 250. In another embodiment, a support 270 may be disposed in the retrofit gap 272 to supportingly engage the inner lining 12b and the cover 250, as noted previously. If such a support 270 is to be employed, the support 270 is advantageously paitioned on the inner lining 12b before the cover 250 is inserted into the recess 225 of the main frame 210. It may be necessary to try several different supports 270 until the correct thickness is achieved. In one embodiment, this may comprise adding a series of layers or otherwise adjusting the thickness of the support 270, much like one may adjust the thickness of a shim in some other contexts.
Ioo~2~ If the support 270 is formed of a somewhat resilient material, such as a neoprene foam or the like, the suppo-t 270 may be positioned along some or all of the inner periphery of the inner lining 12b. Thereafter, the cover 250 may be introduced, with the mating projection 260 compressing the support 270 sufficiently to allow the leading edge 262 of the cover 250 to align with the entrance of the recess 225. Such a resilient support 270 may urge the mating projection 260 inwardly along some or all of the periphery of the cover 250.
In such an application, the reduced thickness leading edge 262 of the cover 250 (which may include a bevel, as noted above), the guide surface 232, and/or deflection of the cantilevered guide 230 may facilitate entry of the slightly misaligned mating projection 260 into the recess 225.
C. FENESTRATION FRAME ASSEMBLIES WITH PERIPHERAL GUTTERS
loo~s~ Embodiments of the present invention are directed toward fenestration assemblies adapted to direct liquid that seeps into the fenestration assembly to flow in a channel instead of leaking into the wall. The fenestration assembly can be used in any suitable fenestration, but in one embodiment the fenestration frame assembly comprises a window frame assembly adapted to be retrofit in an existing window opening. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings and detailed below focus on window frame assemdies retrofitted in an existing window opening. It [Application SL041630025.DOC] -2 ~ - 15 Jul 04 should be recognized, however, that the invention need not be so limited, and some embodiments of the invention can encompass other types of fenestration assemblies (e.g., door frame assemblies) and/or offer types of installations (e.g., fenestration assemblies installed in wall apertures that do not have existing window openings). Peripheral gutters can also be combined with any single embodiment or combination of embodiments discussed above.
1. General loo~a~ The fenestration frame assembly 500 of Figure 8 generally includes a main frame 510, which may include a confronting periphery 520 and a guide 530. This confronting periphery 520 and guide 530 may be directly analogous to the confronting periphery 220 and guide 230 of the window frame assembly 200 in Figures 4 and 5. In other embodiments, discussed below in further detail, the guide 530 may be omitted and a more conventional system may be used to finish the other side of the window housing 3 or other feiestration.
loo~s~ The main frame 510 may also include a cowling 540 that extends outwardly to cosmetically cover the pre-existing aluminum frame 1. If so desired, the cowling 540 may be sealingly adjoined to the aluminum frame 1 by a bead of a sealant 598, e.g., a silicone caulk or the like. In other embodiments, the sealant 598 may comprise a compressible, relatively non-porous neoprene or the like.
loo~s~ One difference between the window frame assemblies 100 and 200 shown in Figure 4 and the fenestration frame assanbly 500 shown in Figures 8-10 of the present application is the presence of a gutter flange 544. This gutter flange extends radially outwardly from an external periphery of the body of the main frame 510. In the illustrated embodiment, the gutter f~nge 544 is spaced forwardly from a forward face of the cowling 540 and may be generally parallel to the cowling 540. This defines a peripheral gutter 545 (identified in Figures 9 and as gutter lengths 545x-d). In other embodiments, the peripheral guter can have different shapes and/or be formed with different components. For example, in certain embodiments, the gutter flange 544 and the external periphery of the main frame 510 can form the peripheral gutter, without a cowling 540.
[Application SL04163D025.DOC] -22- 15 Jul 04 loo~~ Looking at Figure 9, if the seal 598 is defective along the upper portion of the structure, water or other fluid can seep past the seal 598. Rather than being free to flow into contact with the other components of the wall, though, this fluid will be generally retained within the upper gutter segment 545a. Under force of gravity, the fluid can then be directed down the two vertically extending gutter segments 545c and 545d (Figure 10) and flow down into the lower flange, portion, or segment 1 a of the existing aluminum fame 1. Such aluminum frames may already include so-called "weep holes" 560a (Figure 9) to allow any moisture captured by the frame to flow out of the frame and down the wall. If the pre existing aluminum frame 1 does not already include weep holes 560a,weep holes 560a may be formed in the lower portion 1a (e.g., by drilling). The cooperation of the gutter 545 and the weep holes 560a will direct any fluid that passes through the sealant 598 downwardly to the lower segment 1 a and out of the fenestration assembly. As a consequence, the likelihood of damaging the rest of the structure by moisture inadvertently introduced by a defective seal can be significantly reduced or eliminated.
loo~s~ In other embodiments, weep holes 560b can be formed in a portion of the peripheral gutter instead of, or in addition to, the weep holes in the existing frame 510. In still other embodiments, the assembly does not have weep holes and fluid exits the gutters 545 via other routes (e.g., the lower segment 1 a is configured so that it does not seal against the cowling 540 and configured so that it does not retain liquid). In yet other embodiments, the main frame can have more or fewer gutter segments and/or gutter segments that do not extend along the entire length of a portion (e.g., a side) of the external periphery of the main frame 510.
For example, certain embodiments can include the upper gutter segment 545a and portions of the two vertical gutter segments 545c and 545d, without having a lower gutter segment 545b and/or a lower segment 1 a. The various portions of the fenestration assembly can be formed from any suitable material or combination of materials (e.g., wood, plastic, and/or aluminum).
loo7s~ As discussed above, embodiments of fenestration assemblies having peripheral gutiers have been illustrated using window frame assembly similar to [Application SL041630025.DOC] -23- 15 Jul 04 the window frame assembly 200 in Figures 4 and 5. However, other embodiments can use a more conventional system to finish the window housing 3 or other fenestration. The fenestration frame assembly 600 of Figure 11, for example, does not include the guide 530 shown in Figures 4 and 5. (Like reference numbers are used in Figures 4 and 11 to indicate like structure.) Instead, the assembly includes a more conventional confronting periphery620.
looso~ Figure 11 also differs from the embodiment of Figures &10 in another way.
The gutter 545 in Figures 9 and 10 is defined between the cowling 540 and gutter flange 544. The embodiment of Figure 11, however, does not include a gutter flange. Instead, the gutter 645 is defined as a recess or indentation the external periphery of the main frame 510. Although the illustrated gutter 645 is an angular recess in cross section, the wall defining the gutter may be curved or have any other suitable shape.
2. Methods loose As noted above, other embodiments of the invention provide methods of installing and/or making the fenestration frame assemblies. In the following discussion, reference is made to the particular fenestration frame assemblies shown in the draw~gs discussed above. It should be understood, though, that the reference to these particular fenestration frame assemblies is solely for purposes of illustration and that the method outlined below is not limited to any of the fenestration frame assembly designs shown in the drawings or discussed in detail above.
Ioo82~ Certain embodiments of the invention can include methods for installing fenestration assemblies with peripheral gutters in existing fenestration assemblies (e.g., existing window assemblies) or n walls or structures that have an aperture without an existing fenestration structure (e.g., a newly constructed building). For example, in a retrofit window application, a main frame configured to circumscribe (or circumscribing) a window opening can be installed in an existing window frame component that is already installed in a building aperture. The main frame can have a at least one peripheral gutter flange extending radially outwardly from at least a portion of the external periphery of the main fame to from at least a portion [Application SL041630026.DOC] -24- 15 Jul 04 of a peripheral gutter, in accordance with embodiments of the invention described above. In other embodiment, a similar main frame assembly can be installed in a wall aperture that does not have an existing fenestration assembly.
looss~ Other embodiments can include methods for controlling liquid flow proximate to a fenestration frame assembly. For example, in one embodiment the method can include positioning a main frame with respect to an aperture in a wall that has an external wall surface. The main frame can include a main frame opening, an external periphery, and a peripheral gutter flange extending radially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery. The method can further include receiving liquid in the peripheral gutter flange and directing the liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the aperture.
loosa~ The above-detailed embodiments of the invention are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invenion to the precise form disclosed above.
Specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described above for illustrative purposes, but those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. For example, whereas steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform steps in a different order. The various embodiments described herein can be combined to provide further embodiments.
loossl Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise," "comprising," and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, i.e., in a sense of "including, but notlimited to." Use of the word "or" in reference to a list of items is intended to cover a) any of the items in the list, b) all of the items in the list, and c) any combination of the items in the list.
looss~ In general, the terms used in the following claims shuld not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification unless the above-detailed description explicitly defines such terms. In addition, the inventors contemplate various aspects of the invention in any nur~ber of claim forms. Accordingly, the inventors reserve the right to add claims after filing the [Application SL041630025.DOC] -25- 15 Jul 04 application to pursue such additional claim forms for other aspects of the invention.
[Application SL041630025.DOC] -26- 15 Jul 04
Claims (23)
1. A fenestration frame assembly comprising a main frame adapted to support a closure member with respect to a main frame opening, the main frame including:
an external periphery;
a cowling extending radially outwardly beyond and located proximate to the external periphery; and a peripheral gutter flange extendng radially outwardly from at least a portion of the external periphery, the peripheral gutter flange being spaced from the cowling to form therebetween a portion of a peripheral gutter extending along at least a portion of the external periphery of the main frame.
an external periphery;
a cowling extending radially outwardly beyond and located proximate to the external periphery; and a peripheral gutter flange extendng radially outwardly from at least a portion of the external periphery, the peripheral gutter flange being spaced from the cowling to form therebetween a portion of a peripheral gutter extending along at least a portion of the external periphery of the main frame.
2. The frame assembly of claim 1 wherein the peripheral gutter is positioned to deter liquid from flowing in at least one direction relative to the external periphery of the main frame.
3. The frame assembly of claim 1 wherein the main frame opening includes a window opening.
4. The frame assembly of claim 1 wherein the fenestration frame assembly further comprises at least one weep hole.
5. The frame assembly of claim 1 wherein the peripheral gutter includes an upper gutter segment in fluid communication with a pair of vertical gutter segments.
6. The frame assembly of claim 1 wherein the main frame opening is a window opening and wherein the frame assembly further comprises a glazing pane sealingly supported in the window opening.
7. A fenestration frame assembly comprising a main frame adapted to support a closure member with respect to a main frame opening, the mainframe including:
an external periphery; and a peripheral gutter that extends along at least a portion of the external periphery of the main frame, the peripheral gutter being positioned to deter liquid from flowing in at least one direction relative to he external periphery of the main frame.
an external periphery; and a peripheral gutter that extends along at least a portion of the external periphery of the main frame, the peripheral gutter being positioned to deter liquid from flowing in at least one direction relative to he external periphery of the main frame.
8. The frame assembly of claim 7 wherein the main frame opening is a window opening.
9. The frame assembly of claim 7 wherein the frame assembly further comprises at least one weep hole in communication with the peripheral gutter.
10. The frame assembly of claim 7 wherein the peripheral gutter comprises a pair of transversely spaced peripheral members.
11. The frame assembly of claim 7 wherein at least a portion of the peripheral gutter comprises:
a cowling extending radially outwardly beyond and located proximate to the external periphery; and a peripheral gutter flange extending radially outwardly from at least a portion of the external periphery, the peripheral gutter flange being spaced from the cowling.
a cowling extending radially outwardly beyond and located proximate to the external periphery; and a peripheral gutter flange extending radially outwardly from at least a portion of the external periphery, the peripheral gutter flange being spaced from the cowling.
12. The frame assembly of claim 7 wherein the peripheral gutter comprises a peripheral indentation in the external periphery.
13. The frame assembly of claim 7 wherein the peripheral gutter comprises an upper gutter segment in fluid communication with a pair of vertical gutter segments.
14. A retrofitted window comprising:
a wall having an external wall surface;
a building aperture in the wall and having an inner surface;
an existing window frame component installed in the building aperture proximate to the inner surface, the existing window frame component having an inner edge circumscribing an existing frame aperture smaller than the building aperture; and a main frame at least partially received in the existing frame aperture, the main frame circumscribing a window opening and comprising:
an outer frame surface, at least a portion of which is supportively engaged by the inner edge of the existing window frame component;
an external periphery; and a peripheral gutter extending radially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery, the peripheral gutter being positioned to direct liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the building aperture.
a wall having an external wall surface;
a building aperture in the wall and having an inner surface;
an existing window frame component installed in the building aperture proximate to the inner surface, the existing window frame component having an inner edge circumscribing an existing frame aperture smaller than the building aperture; and a main frame at least partially received in the existing frame aperture, the main frame circumscribing a window opening and comprising:
an outer frame surface, at least a portion of which is supportively engaged by the inner edge of the existing window frame component;
an external periphery; and a peripheral gutter extending radially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery, the peripheral gutter being positioned to direct liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the building aperture.
15. The retrofitted window of claim 14 wherein the existing window frame includes an aluminum material.
16. The retrofitted window of claim 14 wherein the peripheral gutter comprises a pair of transversely spaced peripheral members.
17. The retrofitted window of claim 16 wherein one of the peripheral members is a cowling that extends outwardly beyond the external periphery of the main frame, at least a portion of the cowling being sealed to a portion of the existing window frame.
18. The retrofitted window of claim 14, further comprising at least one weep hole.
19. The retrofitted window of claim 14 wherein the peripheral gutter is in fluid communication with at least one weep hole.
20. A method of controlling liquid flow proximate to a fenestration frame assembly, comprising:
positioning a main frame with respect to an aperture in a wall that has an external wall surface, the main frame including a main frame opening, an external periphery, and a peripheral gutter flange extending radially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery;
receiving liquid in the peripheral gutter flange; and directing the liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the aperture.
positioning a main frame with respect to an aperture in a wall that has an external wall surface, the main frame including a main frame opening, an external periphery, and a peripheral gutter flange extending radially outward from at least a portion of the external periphery;
receiving liquid in the peripheral gutter flange; and directing the liquid peripherally to limit contact of the liquid with the external wall surface proximate to the aperture.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein positioning a main frame with respect to an aperture in a wall includes positioning the main frame with respect to an existing window frame within the aperture in the wall.
22. The method of claim 20 wherein positioning a main frame with respect to an aperture in a wall includes positioning the main frame with respect to an existing window frame within the aperture in the wall, and wherein the method further includes allowing the directed liquid to exit through at least one weep hole.
23. The method of claim 20, further comprising allowing the directed liquid to exit through at least one weep hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2474408 CA2474408A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Fenestration frame assemblies and associated methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US48827003P | 2003-07-15 | 2003-07-15 | |
| US60/488,270 | 2003-07-15 | ||
| CA2,464,566 | 2004-04-15 | ||
| CA 2464566 CA2464566A1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-04-15 | Fenestration frame assemblies, e.g. retrofit window frame assemblies, and methods of installing same |
| CA 2474408 CA2474408A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Fenestration frame assemblies and associated methods |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2474408A1 true CA2474408A1 (en) | 2005-01-15 |
Family
ID=34068592
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2474408 Abandoned CA2474408A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Fenestration frame assemblies and associated methods |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2474408A1 (en) |
-
2004
- 2004-07-15 CA CA 2474408 patent/CA2474408A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |