CA2474284A1 - Method for vitrescent marking - Google Patents
Method for vitrescent marking Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2474284A1 CA2474284A1 CA 2474284 CA2474284A CA2474284A1 CA 2474284 A1 CA2474284 A1 CA 2474284A1 CA 2474284 CA2474284 CA 2474284 CA 2474284 A CA2474284 A CA 2474284A CA 2474284 A1 CA2474284 A1 CA 2474284A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- marking material
- marking
- laser beam
- watts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Methods for vitrescent marking of substrates, likes bricks, are described that include placing the substrate to be marked and at least one marking material in reactive contact with each other and vitrifying the substrate and the marking material to form a marking below the outer surface of the substrate. The vitrification may be accomplished by irradiating the marking material and the substrate with a radiant energy beam that has a wavelength and an energy level sufficient to vitrify the marking material and the substrate for form a vitrescent marking that is below the outer surface of the substrate.
Claims (38)
1. A method for vitrescent marking of a substrate comprising:
placing a substrate to be marked and at least one marking material in reactive contact with each other, wherein the substrate has an outer surface; and vitrifying the substrate and the at least one marking material to form a vitrescent marking below the outer surface of the substrate, wherein said vitrification comprises irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a radiant energy beam, wherein the radiant energy beam has a wavelength and energy level sufficient to vitrify the at least one marking material and the substrate to form a vitrescent marking below the outer surface of the substrate.
placing a substrate to be marked and at least one marking material in reactive contact with each other, wherein the substrate has an outer surface; and vitrifying the substrate and the at least one marking material to form a vitrescent marking below the outer surface of the substrate, wherein said vitrification comprises irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a radiant energy beam, wherein the radiant energy beam has a wavelength and energy level sufficient to vitrify the at least one marking material and the substrate to form a vitrescent marking below the outer surface of the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising removing the moisture from the substrate prior to vitrification.
3. The method of claim 2 comprising drying the substrate prior to vitrification.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising heating the substrate prior to vitrification.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate to be marked and at least one marking material are placed in reactive contact with each other by brushing the marking material onto the outer surface of the substrate.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate to be marked and at least one marking material are placed in reactive contact with each other by spraying the marking material onto the outer surface of the substrate.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate to be marked and at least one marking material are placed in reactive contact with each other by dipping the substrate in the marking material.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate to be marked and at least one marking material are placed in reactive contact with each other by centrifugal force.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate to be marked and at least one marking material are placed in reactive contact with each other by gravity feed.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said marking material comprises additional marking enhancement agents.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said substrate is a brick.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a radiant energy beam comprises irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a laser beam.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said laser beam is applied in a continuous wave.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein laser beam has an energy level ranging between about 40 watts and about 500 watts.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the laser beam has an energy level ranging between about 60 watts and about 100 watts.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the laser beam has an energy level ranging between about 60 watts and about 80 watts.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the vitrification is accomplished in an oxygen-enriched environment.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the radiant energy beam expansion factor is about 1.6x to about 5.0x wide.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one marking material is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, clay, porcelain enamels, ceramic enamels, glass frits, inorganic pigments, boric oxide, borate compounds, powdered graphite, glass beads, ground glass, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, manganese, fluoride containing compounds, soluble molybdenum compounds, crystalline silica, copper, nickel, zirconium compounds, spinels, combinations and mixtures thereof.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate comprises steering the radiant energy beam over the at least one marking material and the outer surface of the substrate at a rate of about 10 to about 500 millimeters per second.
21. The method of claim 12 wherein said Laser beam is emitted from a Nd: Yag laser.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of placing the substrate and at least one marking material in reactive contact with each other comprises applying the at least one marking material onto the outer surface of the substrate.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the at least one marking material is in powder form.
24. The method of claim 22 wherein the at least one marking material is in paste form.
25. The method of claim 22 wherein the at least one marking material is in sheet form.
26. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a radiant energy beam comprises irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate at a depth of between about one sixty-forth of an inch and about one-eighth of an inch below the outer surface of the substrate.
27. The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one marking material is placed on a carrier prior to being placed in reactive contact with the substrate to be marked.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the carrier is a metal foil.
29. The method of claim 12 wherein said laser beam is applied in a pulsed wave.
30. The method of claim 12 wherein said laser beam has a wavelength of about 1064 nanometers.
31. The method of claim 12 wherein said laser beam is emitted from a CO2 laser.
32. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a ceramic.
33. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises cement.
34. The method of claim 1 wherein the marking material is applied about 0.0005 inch to about .100 inch thick.
35. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises stone.
36. A method for vitrescent marking of a substrate comprising:
placing a substrate and at least one marking material in reactive contact with each other, wherein the substrate has an outer surface; and irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a continuous wave laser beam having an energy level ranging between about 60 watts and about 100 watts, wherein the laser beam has a wavelength of about 1064 nanometers and is adapted to vitrify the at least one marking material and the substrate to form a vitrescent marking between about one sixty-forth of an inch and about one-eighth of an inch below the outer surface of the substrate.
placing a substrate and at least one marking material in reactive contact with each other, wherein the substrate has an outer surface; and irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a continuous wave laser beam having an energy level ranging between about 60 watts and about 100 watts, wherein the laser beam has a wavelength of about 1064 nanometers and is adapted to vitrify the at least one marking material and the substrate to form a vitrescent marking between about one sixty-forth of an inch and about one-eighth of an inch below the outer surface of the substrate.
37. A method for vitrescent marking of a substrate comprising:
placing at least one marking material onto an outer surface of a brick; and vitrifying the brick and the at least one marking material to form a vitrescent marking below the surface of the brick, wherein said vitrification comprises irradiating the at least one marking material and the brick with a laser beam, wherein said marking material is applied about 0.0005 inch to about .100 inch thick;
wherein said vitrescent marking produced is a at a depth of between about one sixty-forth of an inch and about one-eighth of an inch below the outer surface of the brick, wherein the laser beam has a wavelength of about 1064 nanometers, wherein the laser beam irradiates the substrate and the marking material with a continuous wave, and wherein the laser beam has an energy level ranging between about 60 watts and about 80 watts.
placing at least one marking material onto an outer surface of a brick; and vitrifying the brick and the at least one marking material to form a vitrescent marking below the surface of the brick, wherein said vitrification comprises irradiating the at least one marking material and the brick with a laser beam, wherein said marking material is applied about 0.0005 inch to about .100 inch thick;
wherein said vitrescent marking produced is a at a depth of between about one sixty-forth of an inch and about one-eighth of an inch below the outer surface of the brick, wherein the laser beam has a wavelength of about 1064 nanometers, wherein the laser beam irradiates the substrate and the marking material with a continuous wave, and wherein the laser beam has an energy level ranging between about 60 watts and about 80 watts.
38. A method for vitrescent marking of a substrate comprising:
placing a substrate and at least one marking material in reactive contact with each other, wherein the substrate has an outer surface; and irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a pulsed wave laser beam having an energy level ranging between about 60 watts and about 100 watts, wherein the laser beam has a wavelength of about 1064 nanometers and is adapted to vitrify the at least one marking material and the substrate to form a vitrescent marking between about one sixty-forth of an inch and about one-eighth of an inch below the outer surface of the substrate.
placing a substrate and at least one marking material in reactive contact with each other, wherein the substrate has an outer surface; and irradiating the at least one marking material and the substrate with a pulsed wave laser beam having an energy level ranging between about 60 watts and about 100 watts, wherein the laser beam has a wavelength of about 1064 nanometers and is adapted to vitrify the at least one marking material and the substrate to form a vitrescent marking between about one sixty-forth of an inch and about one-eighth of an inch below the outer surface of the substrate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/638,136 US7238396B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-08 | Methods for vitrescent marking |
| US10/638,136 | 2003-08-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2474284A1 true CA2474284A1 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
| CA2474284C CA2474284C (en) | 2010-06-29 |
Family
ID=34135640
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2474284 Expired - Fee Related CA2474284C (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-07-14 | Method for vitrescent marking |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2474284C (en) |
-
2004
- 2004-07-14 CA CA 2474284 patent/CA2474284C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2474284C (en) | 2010-06-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20170714 |