CA2472730A1 - Cutting element arrangement for single roller cone bit - Google Patents
Cutting element arrangement for single roller cone bit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2472730A1 CA2472730A1 CA002472730A CA2472730A CA2472730A1 CA 2472730 A1 CA2472730 A1 CA 2472730A1 CA 002472730 A CA002472730 A CA 002472730A CA 2472730 A CA2472730 A CA 2472730A CA 2472730 A1 CA2472730 A1 CA 2472730A1
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cutting element
- roller cone
- planar cutting
- drill bit
- degrees
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1092—Gauge section of drill bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/16—Roller bits characterised by tooth form or arrangement
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
A cutting element arrangement for a single roller cone bit includes both at least one substantially non-planar cutting element and at least one substantially planar cutting element. The substantially non-planar cutting element is disposed on an inner row of the single roller cone and the substantially planar cutting element is disposed on an outer row of the single roller cone. With such an arrangement, the substantially non-planar inner row cutting elements effectively penetrate formations while the substantially planar outer row cutting elements maintain bore hole gage.
Description
CUTTING ELEMENT ARRANGEMENT FOR SINGLE ROLLER
CONE BIT
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. ~ 119(e), of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/484,172 filed July 1, 2003. That Application is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Background of Invention Field of the Invention [0002] The invention relates generally to the field of roller cone ("rock") bits used to drill wellbores through earth formations. More specifically, the invention is related to an arrangement of cutting elements ("inserts") used in roller cone bits having a single roller cone.
Background Art [0003] Roller cone bits are one type of drill bit used to drill wellbores through earth formations. Roller cone bits include a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drilling tool assembly or "drill string" which rotates the bit as it is pressed axially into the formations being drilled. The bit body includes one or more legs, each having thereon a bearing journal. The most commonly used types of roller cone drill bits include three such legs and bearing journals. The roller cone is rotatably mounted to the bearing journal. During drilling, the roller cones rotate about the respective journals while the bit is rotated.
CONE BIT
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. ~ 119(e), of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/484,172 filed July 1, 2003. That Application is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Background of Invention Field of the Invention [0002] The invention relates generally to the field of roller cone ("rock") bits used to drill wellbores through earth formations. More specifically, the invention is related to an arrangement of cutting elements ("inserts") used in roller cone bits having a single roller cone.
Background Art [0003] Roller cone bits are one type of drill bit used to drill wellbores through earth formations. Roller cone bits include a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drilling tool assembly or "drill string" which rotates the bit as it is pressed axially into the formations being drilled. The bit body includes one or more legs, each having thereon a bearing journal. The most commonly used types of roller cone drill bits include three such legs and bearing journals. The roller cone is rotatably mounted to the bearing journal. During drilling, the roller cones rotate about the respective journals while the bit is rotated.
[0004] The roller cones include a number of cutting elements (also referred to and known as "inserts" or "teeth"), which may be press fit cutting elements made from tungsten carbide and other materials, or may be milled steel teeth.
The cutting elements engage the formation in a combination of crushing, gouging, and scraping or shearing action that removes small segments of the formation being drilled.
The cutting elements engage the formation in a combination of crushing, gouging, and scraping or shearing action that removes small segments of the formation being drilled.
[0005] The cutting elements on a cone of a three-cone bit are generally classified as inner-row cutting elements and gage-row cutting elements.
Inner row cutting elements engage the bore hole bottom, but not the well bore wall. Gage-row cutting elements engage the well bore wall and sometimes a small outer ring portion of the bore hole bottom. 'fhe direction of motion of cutting elements engaging the rock on a two or three-cone bit is generally in one direction or a very small limited range of direction, i.e., degrees or less.
Inner row cutting elements engage the bore hole bottom, but not the well bore wall. Gage-row cutting elements engage the well bore wall and sometimes a small outer ring portion of the bore hole bottom. 'fhe direction of motion of cutting elements engaging the rock on a two or three-cone bit is generally in one direction or a very small limited range of direction, i.e., degrees or less.
[0006] One particular type of roller cone drill bit includes only one leg, bearing journal, and roller cone rotatably attached thereto. The drilled hole and the longitudinal axis of this type of bit are generally concentric. This type of drill bit has generally been preferred for drilling applications when the diameter of the hole being drilled is small (e.g., less than about 4 to 6 inches [10 to 15 cm]) because the bearing structure can be larger relative to the diameter of the drilled hole when the bit only has one concentric roller cone. This is in contrast to the typical three-cone rock bit, in which each journal must be smaller relative to the drilled hole diameter.
[0007] Similar to roller cones of a two-cone or three-cone rock bit, cutting elements are disposed around a surface of a single roller cone bit for penetrating into a formation. One type of cutting element that has been disposed around the surface of a roller cone is a substantially planar cutting element. Flat crested cutting elements are examples of substantially planar cutting elements. Figure 1 shows a flat crested cutting element 10.
Properties of the flat crested cutting element 10 include a relatively large surface area 12 for engaging a formation and sharp corners 14 for shearing action. Although substantially planar cutting elements 10 are effective in maintaining a gage of a bore hole, they are not effective in penetrating into hard formations.
Properties of the flat crested cutting element 10 include a relatively large surface area 12 for engaging a formation and sharp corners 14 for shearing action. Although substantially planar cutting elements 10 are effective in maintaining a gage of a bore hole, they are not effective in penetrating into hard formations.
[0008] Another type of cutting element that has been disposed around the surface of a roller cone is a substantially non-planar cutting element (also referred to as "non-flat crested cutting elements"). Conical cutting elements and chisel cutting elements are examples of substantially non-planar cutting elements. Figure 2 shows a substantially non-planar cutting element 20.
Properties of the substantially non-planar cutting element 20 include a relatively more pointed surface area 22 for engaging a formation.
Properties of the substantially non-planar cutting element 20 include a relatively more pointed surface area 22 for engaging a formation.
[0009] Such substantially non-planar cutting elements may be characterized, or otherwise defined, as having a particular tip radius to extension ratio.
For example, Figure 3 shows how a conical cutting element 23 may be characterized in terms of a ratio of its tip radius 24 to its tip extension 26.
Similarly, Figures 4a and 4b, which show front and side views of a chisel insert 25, show how the chisel insert 25 may be characterized in terms of a ratio of its tip radius 27 to its tip extension 28. Those skilled in the art will understand that the tip radius to extension ratio of a particular cutting element allows for the characterization of the "aggressiveness" of the cutting element in a general manner.
For example, Figure 3 shows how a conical cutting element 23 may be characterized in terms of a ratio of its tip radius 24 to its tip extension 26.
Similarly, Figures 4a and 4b, which show front and side views of a chisel insert 25, show how the chisel insert 25 may be characterized in terms of a ratio of its tip radius 27 to its tip extension 28. Those skilled in the art will understand that the tip radius to extension ratio of a particular cutting element allows for the characterization of the "aggressiveness" of the cutting element in a general manner.
[0010] Although substantially non-planar cutting elements 20 are effective in penetrating into hard formations, they wear quickly relative to substantially planar cutting elements 10 and are not effective in maintaining a gage of a bore hole.
[0011] Accordingly, in situations in which the maintenance of bore hole gage is important, roller cones having all substantially planar cutting elements are used, and in situations in which penetration into hard formations is important, roller cones having all substantially non-planar cutting elements (including combinations of conical cutting elements and chisel cutting elements) are used.
Summary of Invention [0012] According to one aspect of one or more embodiments of the present invention, a roller cone drill bit comprises a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string, a bearing journal depending from the bit body, and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, where the single roller cone has a plurality of cutting elements disposed at positions selected such that a majority of cutting elements adapted to engage a bottom of a bore hole are substantially non-planar cutting elements and a majority of cutting elements adapted to engage a wall of the bore hole are substantially planar cutting elements.
Summary of Invention [0012] According to one aspect of one or more embodiments of the present invention, a roller cone drill bit comprises a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string, a bearing journal depending from the bit body, and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, where the single roller cone has a plurality of cutting elements disposed at positions selected such that a majority of cutting elements adapted to engage a bottom of a bore hole are substantially non-planar cutting elements and a majority of cutting elements adapted to engage a wall of the bore hole are substantially planar cutting elements.
[0013] According to one aspect of one or more embodiments of the present invention, a roller cone drill bit comprises a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string, a bearing journal depending from the bit body, and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, where the single roller cone has at least one inner row of cutting elements comprising at least one substantially non-planar cutting element and at least one outer row of cutting elements comprising at least one substantially planar cutting element.
[0014] According to one aspect of one or more embodiments of the present invention, a roller cone drill bit comprises a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string, a bearing journal depending from the bit body, and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, where the single roller cone has at least one substantially planar cutting element and at least one substantially non-planar cutting element.
[0015] Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims.
Brief Description of Drawings [0016] Figure 1 shows a substantially planar cutting element.
Brief Description of Drawings [0016] Figure 1 shows a substantially planar cutting element.
[0017] Figure 2 shows a substantially non-planar cutting element.
[0018] Figure 3 shows a conical cutting element.
[0019] Figure 4a shows a front view of a chisel cutting element.
[0020] Figure 4b shows a side view of a chisel cutting element.
[0021] Figure 5 shows a generalized cut away view of a single roller cone bit.
[0022] Figure 6 shows a single roller cone bit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description [0023] As discussed above, typical roller cones have either all substantially planar cutting elements or all substantially non-planar cutting elements depending on whether gage maintenance or formation penetration is more important. What is needed, however, especially with the use of a single roller cone bit, is a design that facilitates both gage maintenance and effective formation penetration.
Detailed Description [0023] As discussed above, typical roller cones have either all substantially planar cutting elements or all substantially non-planar cutting elements depending on whether gage maintenance or formation penetration is more important. What is needed, however, especially with the use of a single roller cone bit, is a design that facilitates both gage maintenance and effective formation penetration.
[0024] A general structure for a single roller cone bit which can be made according to various embodiments of the present invention is shown in cut away view in Figure 5. The bit includes a bit body 1 made of steel or other high strength material. The bit body 1 includes a coupling 4 at one end adapted to join the bit body 1 to a drill string (not shown) for rotating the bit during drilling. The bit body 1 may include gage protection pads 2 at circumferentially spaced apart positions about the bit body 1. The gage protection pads 2 may include gage protection inserts 3 in some embodiments. The gage protection pads 2, if used, extend to a drill diameter 13 of the bit.
[0025] The other end of the bit body 1 includes a bearing journal lA to which a single, generally hemispherically shaped roller cone 6 is rotatably mounted.
In some embodiments, the cone 6 may be locked onto the journal lA by locking balls 1B disposed in corresponding grooves on the outer surface of the journal lA and the interior surface of the cone 6. The means by which the cone 6 is rotatably locked onto the journal lA is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention. The cone 6 is formed from steel or other high strength material and may be covered about its exterior surface with a hardfacing or similar material intended to reduce abrasive wear of the cone 6.
In some embodiments, the cone 6 will include a seal 8 disposed to exclude fluid and debris from entering the space between the inside of the cone 6 and the journal lA. Such seals are well known in the art.
In some embodiments, the cone 6 may be locked onto the journal lA by locking balls 1B disposed in corresponding grooves on the outer surface of the journal lA and the interior surface of the cone 6. The means by which the cone 6 is rotatably locked onto the journal lA is not meant to limit the scope of the present invention. The cone 6 is formed from steel or other high strength material and may be covered about its exterior surface with a hardfacing or similar material intended to reduce abrasive wear of the cone 6.
In some embodiments, the cone 6 will include a seal 8 disposed to exclude fluid and debris from entering the space between the inside of the cone 6 and the journal lA. Such seals are well known in the art.
(0026] The cone 6 includes a plurality of cutting elements thereon at selected positions, which in various embodiments of the invention are cutting elements 5, 7 generally fit into corresponding sockets (not shown separately) in the outer surface of the cone 6.
(0027) The journal lA depends from the bit body 1 such that it defines an angle a between the rotational axis 9 of the journal lA and the rotational axis 11 of the bit body 1. The size of this angle a will depend on factors such as the nature of the earth formations being drilled by the bit. Nonetheless, because the bit body 1 and the cone 6 rotate about different axes, the motion of the cutting elements 5, 7 during drilling can be roughly defined as falling within a wall contacting zone 10, in which the cutting elements 7 located therein at least intermittently contact the outer diameter (wall) of the wellbore, and a bottom contacting zone 12, in which the cutting elements 5 located therein are in substantially continuous contact with the earth formations, and generally do not contact the outer diameter (wall) of the wellbore during drilling. The cutting elements 7 in the wall contacting zone therefore define the drill diameter 13 of the bit.
[002$] The cutting elements 5, 7 may be made from tungsten carbide, other metal carbide, or other hard materials known in the art for making drill bit cutting elements. The cutting elements 5, 7 may also be made from polycrystalline diamond, boron nitride, or other super hard material known in the art, or combinations of hard and super hard materials known in the art.
[0029] Various embodiments of the present invention have a cutting element arrangement that uses substantially planar cutting elements having a range of motion falling within a bore hole wall contacting zone and substantially non-planar cutting elements (e.g., conical and/or chisel cutting elements) having a range of motion falling within a bore hole bottom contacting zone.
[0030] Figure 6 shows an exemplary single roller cone bit 40 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, an angular position of a cutting element of a single roller cone bit 40 may be defined as follows. A first angle a 60 is defined as a journal angle from a horizontal plane 62. A second angle 8 64 is defined as the angle between an axis 66 of a single roller cone 54 and an axis of a cutting element. The sum of the first angle a 60 and the second angle B 64 can then be used to describe the angular position of a particular cutting element. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the foregoing cutting element angular position description is applicable to describing an arrangement of cutting elements in all three dimensions. In other words, an angular position of a cutting element defined as the sum of the journal angle 60 from a horizontal plane 62 and an angle between an axis 66 of the single roller cone 54 and an axis of a cutting element applies to a three dimensional layout of the single roller cone bit 40.
[0031] With respect to the definition of cutting element angular position discussed above, substantially non-planar cutting elements (e.g., conical and chisel cutting elements) 48 may be selected and disposed at an angle preferably anywhere substantially between 0 degrees and 120 degrees.
Substantially planar cutting elements (e.g., flat crested cutting elements) 50 may be selected and disposed at an angle anywhere substantially between 120 degrees and 175 degrees. Note that Figure 6 is not to scale with respect to the indications of the angle measurements.
[0032] Accordingly, a single roller cone bit 40 is provided that has a cutting element arrangement for penetrating into hard formations while maintaining a full gage of a bore hole. In this arrangement, the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 are selected and positioned so as to support most of the weight of the single roller cone bit 40. The shape of the substantially non-planar cutting elements allows them to penetrate a hard formation effectively.
[0033] The substantially planar cutting elements 50 are selected and positioned so as to maintain a substantially full gage of the bore hole. The shape of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 provides greater carbide volume for increased wear resistance necessary to maintain bore hole gage.
Moreover, the sharp corners of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 allow the substantially planar cutting elements 50 to cut with an efficient shearing action.
[0034] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a region for disposition or placement of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be at an angle anywhere substantially between about 125 degrees and about 165 degrees.
[0035] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a region for disposition or placement of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be at an angle anywhere substantially between about 135 degrees and about 155 degrees.
[0036] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a region for disposition or placement of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be at an angle anywhere substantially between about 140 degrees and about 150 degrees.
[0037] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a substantially non-planar cutting element may be positioned such that a longitudinal axis of the substantially non-planar cutting element 48 resides along the same path as the vertical axis 65 of the single roller cone bit 40.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tip radius to extension ratio of a substantially non-planar cutting element is substantially equal to 0.3. However, in one or more other embodiments of the present invention, the tip radius to extension ratio of a substantially non-planar cutting element may be anywhere substantially between 0.2 and 0.5.
[0039] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, any of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be arranged to extend greater than or equal to 7/16 inches from the outer hemispherical surface of the single roller cone 54.
[0040] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, any of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be arranged to extend greater than or equal to 0.55 inches from the outer hemispherical surface of the single roller cone 54.
[0041] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, any of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be arranged to extend greater than or equal to 1/2 inches from the outer hemispherical surface of the single roller cone 54.
[0042] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, any of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be arranged to extend less than or equal to 0.6 inches from the outer hemispherical surface of the single roller cone 54.
[0043] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 may have a structure in which an exterior material of the substantially non-planar cutting element 48 is softer than an embedded region within the substantially non-planar cutting element 48. For example, the substantially non-planar cutting element 48 may be embedded with a diamond insert. Such a structure in which a core harder than an exterior of a cutting element is embedded within the cutting element allows the substantially non-planar cutting element 48 to be "self sharpening" in nature, thereby increasing bit life and penetration effectiveness.
[0044] The differing ranges of degrees with respect to the placement of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be defined by the regions on the single roller cone 46 designed to be the bore hole contacting zone and the wall contacting zone, respectively. In other words, when the single roller cone 46 shown in Figure 6 is in operation, a majority of the cutting elements engaging a bottom of a bore hole are substantially non-planar cutting elements and a majority of the cutting elements engaging a wall of the bore hole (i.e., maintaining a gage of the bore hole) are substantially planar cutting elements.
[0045] Moreover, the single roller cone 46 shown in Figure 6 may be described as having inner rows of cutting elements and outer rows of cutting elements. An inner row of cutting elements may be defined as a row of cutting elements falling within a particular range of degrees. Like with an inner row of cutting elements, an outer row of cutting elements may also be defined as a row of cutting elements falling within a particular range of degrees.
[0046] In one or more other embodiments, an inner row of cutting elements may be defined as a row of cutting elements for penetrating into a formation, or cutting away from a bottom of a bore hole. In such embodiments, an outer row of cutting elements may be defined as a row of cutting elements for cutting away from a wall of the bore hole, or maintaining a gage of the bore hole.
[0047] Advantages of the present invention may include one or more of the following. In one or more embodiments, a single roller cone bit has a cutting element arrangement effective in penetrating into hard formations and maintaining full gage of a bore hole. The cutting element arrangement includes substantially non-planar cutting elements positioned on a region of the single roller cone intended to engage a bottom of a bore hole and substantially planar cutting elements positioned on a region of the single roller cone intended to engage a wall of the bore hole.
[0048] While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as disclosed herein. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
[002$] The cutting elements 5, 7 may be made from tungsten carbide, other metal carbide, or other hard materials known in the art for making drill bit cutting elements. The cutting elements 5, 7 may also be made from polycrystalline diamond, boron nitride, or other super hard material known in the art, or combinations of hard and super hard materials known in the art.
[0029] Various embodiments of the present invention have a cutting element arrangement that uses substantially planar cutting elements having a range of motion falling within a bore hole wall contacting zone and substantially non-planar cutting elements (e.g., conical and/or chisel cutting elements) having a range of motion falling within a bore hole bottom contacting zone.
[0030] Figure 6 shows an exemplary single roller cone bit 40 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, an angular position of a cutting element of a single roller cone bit 40 may be defined as follows. A first angle a 60 is defined as a journal angle from a horizontal plane 62. A second angle 8 64 is defined as the angle between an axis 66 of a single roller cone 54 and an axis of a cutting element. The sum of the first angle a 60 and the second angle B 64 can then be used to describe the angular position of a particular cutting element. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the foregoing cutting element angular position description is applicable to describing an arrangement of cutting elements in all three dimensions. In other words, an angular position of a cutting element defined as the sum of the journal angle 60 from a horizontal plane 62 and an angle between an axis 66 of the single roller cone 54 and an axis of a cutting element applies to a three dimensional layout of the single roller cone bit 40.
[0031] With respect to the definition of cutting element angular position discussed above, substantially non-planar cutting elements (e.g., conical and chisel cutting elements) 48 may be selected and disposed at an angle preferably anywhere substantially between 0 degrees and 120 degrees.
Substantially planar cutting elements (e.g., flat crested cutting elements) 50 may be selected and disposed at an angle anywhere substantially between 120 degrees and 175 degrees. Note that Figure 6 is not to scale with respect to the indications of the angle measurements.
[0032] Accordingly, a single roller cone bit 40 is provided that has a cutting element arrangement for penetrating into hard formations while maintaining a full gage of a bore hole. In this arrangement, the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 are selected and positioned so as to support most of the weight of the single roller cone bit 40. The shape of the substantially non-planar cutting elements allows them to penetrate a hard formation effectively.
[0033] The substantially planar cutting elements 50 are selected and positioned so as to maintain a substantially full gage of the bore hole. The shape of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 provides greater carbide volume for increased wear resistance necessary to maintain bore hole gage.
Moreover, the sharp corners of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 allow the substantially planar cutting elements 50 to cut with an efficient shearing action.
[0034] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a region for disposition or placement of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be at an angle anywhere substantially between about 125 degrees and about 165 degrees.
[0035] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a region for disposition or placement of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be at an angle anywhere substantially between about 135 degrees and about 155 degrees.
[0036] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a region for disposition or placement of the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be at an angle anywhere substantially between about 140 degrees and about 150 degrees.
[0037] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a substantially non-planar cutting element may be positioned such that a longitudinal axis of the substantially non-planar cutting element 48 resides along the same path as the vertical axis 65 of the single roller cone bit 40.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tip radius to extension ratio of a substantially non-planar cutting element is substantially equal to 0.3. However, in one or more other embodiments of the present invention, the tip radius to extension ratio of a substantially non-planar cutting element may be anywhere substantially between 0.2 and 0.5.
[0039] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, any of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be arranged to extend greater than or equal to 7/16 inches from the outer hemispherical surface of the single roller cone 54.
[0040] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, any of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be arranged to extend greater than or equal to 0.55 inches from the outer hemispherical surface of the single roller cone 54.
[0041] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, any of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be arranged to extend greater than or equal to 1/2 inches from the outer hemispherical surface of the single roller cone 54.
[0042] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, any of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be arranged to extend less than or equal to 0.6 inches from the outer hemispherical surface of the single roller cone 54.
[0043] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 may have a structure in which an exterior material of the substantially non-planar cutting element 48 is softer than an embedded region within the substantially non-planar cutting element 48. For example, the substantially non-planar cutting element 48 may be embedded with a diamond insert. Such a structure in which a core harder than an exterior of a cutting element is embedded within the cutting element allows the substantially non-planar cutting element 48 to be "self sharpening" in nature, thereby increasing bit life and penetration effectiveness.
[0044] The differing ranges of degrees with respect to the placement of the substantially non-planar cutting elements 48 and the substantially planar cutting elements 50 may be defined by the regions on the single roller cone 46 designed to be the bore hole contacting zone and the wall contacting zone, respectively. In other words, when the single roller cone 46 shown in Figure 6 is in operation, a majority of the cutting elements engaging a bottom of a bore hole are substantially non-planar cutting elements and a majority of the cutting elements engaging a wall of the bore hole (i.e., maintaining a gage of the bore hole) are substantially planar cutting elements.
[0045] Moreover, the single roller cone 46 shown in Figure 6 may be described as having inner rows of cutting elements and outer rows of cutting elements. An inner row of cutting elements may be defined as a row of cutting elements falling within a particular range of degrees. Like with an inner row of cutting elements, an outer row of cutting elements may also be defined as a row of cutting elements falling within a particular range of degrees.
[0046] In one or more other embodiments, an inner row of cutting elements may be defined as a row of cutting elements for penetrating into a formation, or cutting away from a bottom of a bore hole. In such embodiments, an outer row of cutting elements may be defined as a row of cutting elements for cutting away from a wall of the bore hole, or maintaining a gage of the bore hole.
[0047] Advantages of the present invention may include one or more of the following. In one or more embodiments, a single roller cone bit has a cutting element arrangement effective in penetrating into hard formations and maintaining full gage of a bore hole. The cutting element arrangement includes substantially non-planar cutting elements positioned on a region of the single roller cone intended to engage a bottom of a bore hole and substantially planar cutting elements positioned on a region of the single roller cone intended to engage a wall of the bore hole.
[0048] While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as disclosed herein. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (57)
1. ~A roller cone drill bit, comprising:
a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string;
a bearing journal depending from the bit body; and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, the single roller cone having at least one substantially planar cutting element and at least one substantially non-planar cutting element.
a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string;
a bearing journal depending from the bit body; and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, the single roller cone having at least one substantially planar cutting element and at least one substantially non-planar cutting element.
2. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is any one of a conical cutting element and a chisel cutting element.
3. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is a flat crested cutting element.
4. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is formed of tungsten carbide.
5. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein the single roller cone is substantially hemispherical in shape.
6. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein an angular position of any cutting element is defined as the sum of (1) a journal angle from a horizontal plane and (2) an angle between an axis of the single roller cone and an axis of the cutting element.
7. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 6, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 0 degrees and 120 degrees.
8. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 6, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 120 degrees and degrees.
9. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 6, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 125 degrees and degrees.
10. The roller cone drill bit of claim 6, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 135 degrees and degrees.
11. The roller cone drill bit of claim 6, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 140 degrees and 150~
degrees.
degrees.
12. The roller cone drill bit of claim 6, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 120 degrees and degrees, and wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 0 and 120 degrees.
13. The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element has a tip radius to extension ratio substantially equal to 0.3.
14. The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element has a tip radius to extension ratio substantially between 0.2 and 0.5.
15. The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends less than or equal to 0.6 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
16. The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 7/16 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
17. The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 0.5 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
18. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 0.55 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
19. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 1, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is formed having a core harder than an exterior such that the substantially non-planar cutting element is self sharpening.
20. ~A roller cone drill bit, comprising:
a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string;
a bearing journal depending from the bit body; and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, the single roller cone having a plurality of cutting elements disposed at positions selected such that a majority of cutting elements adapted to engage a bottom of a bore hole are substantially non-planar cutting elements and a majority of cutting elements adapted to engage a wall of the bore hole are substantially planar cutting elements.
a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string;
a bearing journal depending from the bit body; and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, the single roller cone having a plurality of cutting elements disposed at positions selected such that a majority of cutting elements adapted to engage a bottom of a bore hole are substantially non-planar cutting elements and a majority of cutting elements adapted to engage a wall of the bore hole are substantially planar cutting elements.
21. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is any one of a conical cutting element and a chisel cutting element.
22. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is formed having a core harder than an exterior such that the substantially non-planar cutting element is self-sharpening.
23. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is a flat crested cutting element.
24. ~The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is formed of tungsten carbide.
25. The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein the single roller cone is substantially hemispherical in shape.
26. The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein an angular position of any cutting element is defined as the sum of (1) a journal angle from a horizontal plane and (2) an angle between an axis of the single roller cone and an axis of the cutting element.
27. The roller cone drill bit of claim 26, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 0 degrees and 120 degrees.
28. The roller cone drill bit of claim 26, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 120 degrees and degrees.
29. The roller cone drill bit of claim 26, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 125 degrees and degrees.
30. The roller cone drill bit of claim 26, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 135 degrees and degrees.
31. The roller cone drill bit of claim 26, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 140 degrees and degrees.
32. The roller cone drill bit of claim 26, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 120 degrees and degrees, and wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 0 and 120 degrees.
33. The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element has a tip radius to extension ratio substantially equal to 0.3.
34. The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element has a tip radius to extension ratio substantially between 0.2 and 0.5.
35. The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends less than or equal to 0.6 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
36. The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 7116 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
37. The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 0.5 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
38. The roller cone drill bit of claim 20, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 0.55 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
39. A roller cone drill bit, comprising:
a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string;
a bearing journal depending from the bit body; and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, the single roller cone having at least one inner row of cutting elements comprising at least one substantially non-planar cutting element and at least one outer row of cutting elements comprising at least one substantially planar cutting element.
a bit body adapted to be coupled to a drill string;
a bearing journal depending from the bit body; and a single roller cone rotatably attached to the bearing journal, the single roller cone having at least one inner row of cutting elements comprising at least one substantially non-planar cutting element and at least one outer row of cutting elements comprising at least one substantially planar cutting element.
40. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is any one of a conical cutting element and a chisel cutting element.
41. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is a flat crested cutting element.
42. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is formed of tungsten carbide.
43. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein the single roller cone is substantially hemispherical in shape.
44. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein an angular position of any cutting element is defined as the sum of (1) a journal angle from a horizontal plane and (2) an angle between an axis of the single roller cone and an axis of the cutting element.
45. The roller cone drill bit of claim 44, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 0 degrees and 120 degrees.
46. The roller cone drill bit of claim 44, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 120 degrees and degrees.
47. The roller cone drill bit of claim 44, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 125 degrees and degrees.
48. The roller cone drill bit of claim 44, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 135 degrees and degrees.
49. The roller cone drill bit of claim 44, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 140 degrees and degrees.
50. The roller cone drill bit of claim 44, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 120 degrees and degrees, and wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is disposed at an angle substantially between 0 and 120 degrees.
51. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element has a tip radius to extension ratio substantially equal to 0.3.
52. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein the at least one substantially planar cutting element has a tip radius to extension ratio substantially between 0.2 and 0.5.
53. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends less than or equal to 0.6 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
54. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 7/16 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
55. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 0.5 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
56. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein any one of the at least one substantially planar cutting element and the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element extends greater than or equal to 0.55 inches from a surface of the single roller cone.
57. The roller cone drill bit of claim 39, wherein the at least one substantially non-planar cutting element is formed having a core harder than an exterior such that the substantially non-planar cutting element is self-sharpening.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US48417203P | 2003-07-01 | 2003-07-01 | |
| US60/484,172 | 2003-07-01 | ||
| US10/871,605 | 2004-06-18 | ||
| US10/871,605 US20050109543A1 (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2004-06-18 | Cutting element arrangement for single roller cone bit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2472730A1 true CA2472730A1 (en) | 2005-01-01 |
Family
ID=32853636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002472730A Abandoned CA2472730A1 (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2004-06-30 | Cutting element arrangement for single roller cone bit |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050109543A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2472730A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2403966B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103541660B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-08-17 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of composite type eccentric one-cone bit |
| CN108360979B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2023-07-14 | 西南石油大学 | Split single-cone bit |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2234542B (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1993-03-31 | Reed Tool Co | Improvements in or relating to cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
| US5145016B1 (en) * | 1990-04-30 | 1996-08-13 | Rock Bit International Inc | Rock bit with reaming rows |
| US6209668B1 (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 2001-04-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring bit with improved cutting structure |
| US5407022A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1995-04-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Free cutting gage insert with relief angle |
| DE60120294D1 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2006-07-20 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | Indicator for the failure of the bearing of a roller drill bit |
| US6601661B2 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-08-05 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Secondary cutting structure |
| GB2381812B (en) * | 2001-11-01 | 2005-11-23 | Baker Hughes Inc | Assymetric compact for drill bit |
| US7100711B2 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2006-09-05 | Smith International, Inc. | Single cone rock bit having inserts adapted to maintain hole gage during drilling |
-
2004
- 2004-06-18 US US10/871,605 patent/US20050109543A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-30 GB GB0414707A patent/GB2403966B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-30 CA CA002472730A patent/CA2472730A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2403966B (en) | 2005-08-10 |
| GB2403966A (en) | 2005-01-19 |
| US20050109543A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
| GB0414707D0 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |