CA2457698A1 - Environmental drilling fluid - Google Patents
Environmental drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2457698A1 CA2457698A1 CA 2457698 CA2457698A CA2457698A1 CA 2457698 A1 CA2457698 A1 CA 2457698A1 CA 2457698 CA2457698 CA 2457698 CA 2457698 A CA2457698 A CA 2457698A CA 2457698 A1 CA2457698 A1 CA 2457698A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- drilling fluid
- million
- polyacrylamide copolymer
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/12—Clay-free compositions containing synthetic organic macromolecular compounds or their precursors
Abstract
An environmentally friendly water-based drilling fluid system for hydrocarbon wellbore use.
Acrylamide and dirnethylaminoethyl acrylate (poly-DMAEA) co-polymers are used to stabilize reactive shale and provide viscosity to the drilling fluid. Poly-DMAEA is used in conjunction with fluid loss polymers, viscosifying polymers, pH control and a simple amine salt.
Acrylamide and dirnethylaminoethyl acrylate (poly-DMAEA) co-polymers are used to stabilize reactive shale and provide viscosity to the drilling fluid. Poly-DMAEA is used in conjunction with fluid loss polymers, viscosifying polymers, pH control and a simple amine salt.
Description
ENVIRONMENTAL DRILLING FLUID
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
O1 The described invention relates to drilling fluid systems. A discussion of the properties of drilling fluid systems and a general background of the technological issues relating to drilling fluid systems is to be found in US patent no. 6,355,600.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
02 There is provided according to an aspect of the invention an environmentally friendly water-based drilling fluid system for hydrocarbon wellbore use. Anionic acrylamide and cationic dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (poly-DMAEA) co-polymers are used to stabilize reactive shale and provide viscosity to the drilling fluid. The co-polymer has a cationic charge density of from about 25% to about 35%, and a concentration from about O.lwt% to about l.2wt% of the drilling fluid. Poly-DMAEA is used in conjunction with fluid loss polymers, viscosifying polymers, pH control and a simple amine salt.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
03 An exemplary mud system according to the invention incorporates an anionic chemical base and a cationic chemical base in the same fluid. This system carries out functions that reflect both types of ions. Anionic polymers provide viscosity (Xanthan Gum) and fluid loss (PAC Super low) and cationic polymers (poly-DMAEA) provide increased viscosity and shale inhibition. The invention is in the combination of the two ionic chemicals such that the anions and the cations do not react with each other. The mud system is reactive towards the wellbore but not to itself.
04 In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, water is a continuous phase and in the water there is a quantity of a polyacrylamide copolymer comprising partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, having a cationic charge density of from about 25% to about 35%%, and a concentration from about O.lwt% to about l.2wt%
of the
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
O1 The described invention relates to drilling fluid systems. A discussion of the properties of drilling fluid systems and a general background of the technological issues relating to drilling fluid systems is to be found in US patent no. 6,355,600.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
02 There is provided according to an aspect of the invention an environmentally friendly water-based drilling fluid system for hydrocarbon wellbore use. Anionic acrylamide and cationic dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (poly-DMAEA) co-polymers are used to stabilize reactive shale and provide viscosity to the drilling fluid. The co-polymer has a cationic charge density of from about 25% to about 35%, and a concentration from about O.lwt% to about l.2wt% of the drilling fluid. Poly-DMAEA is used in conjunction with fluid loss polymers, viscosifying polymers, pH control and a simple amine salt.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
03 An exemplary mud system according to the invention incorporates an anionic chemical base and a cationic chemical base in the same fluid. This system carries out functions that reflect both types of ions. Anionic polymers provide viscosity (Xanthan Gum) and fluid loss (PAC Super low) and cationic polymers (poly-DMAEA) provide increased viscosity and shale inhibition. The invention is in the combination of the two ionic chemicals such that the anions and the cations do not react with each other. The mud system is reactive towards the wellbore but not to itself.
04 In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, water is a continuous phase and in the water there is a quantity of a polyacrylamide copolymer comprising partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, having a cationic charge density of from about 25% to about 35%%, and a concentration from about O.lwt% to about l.2wt%
of the
2 drilling fluid. The resulting fluid provides effective pH and fluid loss protection. An exemplary poly-DMAEA is CP 944 available from Hychem of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
OS The poly-DMAEA copolymer has the following general structure:
--ECH2-C ~--ECH2-CH~-O n O~ m R1 O~
wherein Rl are selected from the group consisting of amine groups, amide groups, cyanide groups, and imide groups, R2 is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and a cationic hetroatom group and n and m is at least 1.
06 An amount of a monovalent amine salt (non-chloride), for example choline carbonate in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % of the drilling fluid., may be added to the drilling fluid to increase the shale stabilization aspects of the fluid. The polyacrylamide copolymer preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1 million to about 1.5 million mole weight.
07 The poly-DMAEA is used in conjunction with fluid loss polymers, viscosifying polymers, pH control and a simple amine salt, typical examples of which are included in the examples that follow. The amount of fluid loss polymer, viscosifying polymer, pH and amine salt are selected in accordance with known principles of drilling fluid formulation to provide a desired amount of fluid loss control, viscosity, pH (basic) and shale stabilization.
The shale stabilizer provides the known function of controlling clay hydration and disintegration during drilling. The shale stabilizer inhibits dispersion and wetting, and thus swelling tendencies of clay particles.
08 The amount of amine/viscosifier (poly-DMAEA) should be at least lkg/m3, preferably
OS The poly-DMAEA copolymer has the following general structure:
--ECH2-C ~--ECH2-CH~-O n O~ m R1 O~
wherein Rl are selected from the group consisting of amine groups, amide groups, cyanide groups, and imide groups, R2 is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and a cationic hetroatom group and n and m is at least 1.
06 An amount of a monovalent amine salt (non-chloride), for example choline carbonate in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % of the drilling fluid., may be added to the drilling fluid to increase the shale stabilization aspects of the fluid. The polyacrylamide copolymer preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1 million to about 1.5 million mole weight.
07 The poly-DMAEA is used in conjunction with fluid loss polymers, viscosifying polymers, pH control and a simple amine salt, typical examples of which are included in the examples that follow. The amount of fluid loss polymer, viscosifying polymer, pH and amine salt are selected in accordance with known principles of drilling fluid formulation to provide a desired amount of fluid loss control, viscosity, pH (basic) and shale stabilization.
The shale stabilizer provides the known function of controlling clay hydration and disintegration during drilling. The shale stabilizer inhibits dispersion and wetting, and thus swelling tendencies of clay particles.
08 The amount of amine/viscosifier (poly-DMAEA) should be at least lkg/m3, preferably
3.5-4.5 kg/m3, and preferably not more than 12 kg/m3 where the volume is the volume of the mud excluding the amine/viscosifier. The xanthum gum or an equivalent thixotrophic enhancer is present to ensure that the viscosity is adequate.
09 In the examples that follow, the properties are from API standards. The indication 600, 300 etc is an rpm test, n indicates power law test, PV is the plastic viscosity, YP is the yield point, AV is the apparent viscosity, Gel 0/10 is a gel strength test, filtrate shows the fluid loss, microtox is an Alberta Environment test of bacterial sensitivity and Pierre Shale Hot Roll is a test of shale rolled in a cylinder with the fluid and the remaining intact rock at the end of the test is measured.
Examples Example #1 Mud properties before and after Hot Roll and 150°F and 100°C. The chemicals were mixed according to the table and analyzed at Canamara's United lab, Calgary Alberta.
Function Product Concentration Charge Amine CT 300 11/m3 cationic FL Drispac SL 2.0 kg/m3 anionic Viscosifier Xanvis 2.5 kg/m3 anionic PH Caustic 0.2 kg/m3 salt Amine/Viscosifier 944 4.0 kg/m3 cationic drilled cuttings 30 kg/m3 Standard test 150oF116 100oC/16 hrs hr Properties Before Hot After Before After Roll HR HR HR
600 45 42.5 35 39 200 27.5 26 20 21.5 100 20 19 14.5 14.5 6 6.5 6 5 2.5 3 5 4.5 4 1.5 N 0.45 0.45 0.44 PV 12 11.5 10 12 YP 10.5 9.8 7.5 7.5 AV 22.5 21.3 17.5 19.5 Gel 0/10 313.5 2.5/3.0 2.5/3.51.0/1.3 Filtrate 14.2 18.9 20.8 14.6 PH 7.3 6.8 10.3 6.8 Pf/Mf 0.00/0.13 0.00/0.150.18/0.70.00/0.58 Ca++ 60 112 188 112 Pierre Shale Hot Roll 91.40%
Microtox pass
09 In the examples that follow, the properties are from API standards. The indication 600, 300 etc is an rpm test, n indicates power law test, PV is the plastic viscosity, YP is the yield point, AV is the apparent viscosity, Gel 0/10 is a gel strength test, filtrate shows the fluid loss, microtox is an Alberta Environment test of bacterial sensitivity and Pierre Shale Hot Roll is a test of shale rolled in a cylinder with the fluid and the remaining intact rock at the end of the test is measured.
Examples Example #1 Mud properties before and after Hot Roll and 150°F and 100°C. The chemicals were mixed according to the table and analyzed at Canamara's United lab, Calgary Alberta.
Function Product Concentration Charge Amine CT 300 11/m3 cationic FL Drispac SL 2.0 kg/m3 anionic Viscosifier Xanvis 2.5 kg/m3 anionic PH Caustic 0.2 kg/m3 salt Amine/Viscosifier 944 4.0 kg/m3 cationic drilled cuttings 30 kg/m3 Standard test 150oF116 100oC/16 hrs hr Properties Before Hot After Before After Roll HR HR HR
600 45 42.5 35 39 200 27.5 26 20 21.5 100 20 19 14.5 14.5 6 6.5 6 5 2.5 3 5 4.5 4 1.5 N 0.45 0.45 0.44 PV 12 11.5 10 12 YP 10.5 9.8 7.5 7.5 AV 22.5 21.3 17.5 19.5 Gel 0/10 313.5 2.5/3.0 2.5/3.51.0/1.3 Filtrate 14.2 18.9 20.8 14.6 PH 7.3 6.8 10.3 6.8 Pf/Mf 0.00/0.13 0.00/0.150.18/0.70.00/0.58 Ca++ 60 112 188 112 Pierre Shale Hot Roll 91.40%
Microtox pass
4 11 Example #2 Mud Properties with 3% salt and saturated gypsum contamination.
The chemicals were mixed according to the table and analyzed at Canamara's United lab, Calgary Alberta.
Function Product Concentration Charge Amine CT 300 1 Um3 cationic FL Drispac 2.0 kglm3anionic SL
ViscosifierXanvis 2.5 kglm3anionic Ph Caustic 0.2 kglm3salt AmineNiscosifier944 4.0 kglm3cationic Drilled 30 kglm3 cuttings Sat PropertiesNormal 3% NaCIGypsum 600 41.5 39.5 38 300 30.5 28.5 27.5 200 25.5 23 22.5 100 18.5 17 16.5 6 8 5.5 5.5 3 5 4.5 4 n 0.44 0.47 0.47 PV 11 11 10.5 YP 9.8 8.8 8.5 AV 20.8 19.8 19 Ge10110 3.013.5 314 2.8/12.5 Filtrate14 14.7 12.1 pH 8.9 8 10.8 PfIMf 0.0010.180.0010.170.2310.43 Ca++ 108 200 570 t 2 Example #3 Mud Properties with 0.3, 0.7 and 1.4% lime contamination (cement contamination).The chemicals were mixed according to the table and analyzed at Canamara'sted lab, Calgary Uni Alberta.
Function Product ConcentrationCharge ~ ~
Amine CT 300 111m3 cationic FL Drispac SL 2.0 anionic kglm3 ViscosifierXanvis 2.5 kglm3 anionic Ph Caustic 0.2 kglm3salt AmineNiscosifier944 4.0 kglm3 cationic Drilled 30 kglm3 cuttings Lime 3.517.0114 kglm3 Total Lim~ lime Lime PropertiesNormal 3.5 kg/m37 kglm314 kglm3 600 45 46 31.5 26 300 33 31 21 17.5 200 27.5 26 17.5 13.5 100 20 19 12.5 9 6 6.5 7 5 4 3 5 5.5 4.5 3 n 0.45 0.57 0.58 0.57 PV 12 15 10.5 8.5 YP 10.5 8 5.3 4.5 AV 22.5 23 15.8 13 Gel0110 313.5 2.513.5 2.3/8.51.512.0 Filtrate 14.2 19.2 27.3 38.4 pH 7.3 >13 >13 >13 Pf/Mf 0.0010.131.47/1.871.68/2.222.0112.59 13 Example #4 Pierre shale experiments. Testing was done to determine the inhibitive properties of various chemicals. Tests were done at Canamara.'s United lab, Calgary Alberta according to the procedure outlined in US pat# 5403820. The materials listed under the name column are various viscosifiers. CP 944 is the product formulated according to the invention.
Retained Concentration corrected Name by Wt Manufacturer 6.5 Water 100%
74 Hychem 247 RD 0.40%
83.5 Hychem CP 944 0.26%
49 Ciba 60RD 0.3090 72.3 Hychem 757 0.80%
58.5 CanamaraK2 0.80%
53.3 CanamaraTMAC 0.80%
108.8 Hychem CP 944 0.40%
89.2 Hychem CP 944~T'MAC
0.26%/0.8%
92.6 Hychem CP 944/K20.26%/0.8%
75.6 CanamaraK2 1.600 71.6 CanamaraTMAC 1.60~
58.7 CanamaraCT 300 0.80%
57.6 CanamaraCT 300 0.80%
96.6 Diesel 100%
14 Immaterial modifications may be made to the embodiment disclosed here without departing from the invention.
The chemicals were mixed according to the table and analyzed at Canamara's United lab, Calgary Alberta.
Function Product Concentration Charge Amine CT 300 1 Um3 cationic FL Drispac 2.0 kglm3anionic SL
ViscosifierXanvis 2.5 kglm3anionic Ph Caustic 0.2 kglm3salt AmineNiscosifier944 4.0 kglm3cationic Drilled 30 kglm3 cuttings Sat PropertiesNormal 3% NaCIGypsum 600 41.5 39.5 38 300 30.5 28.5 27.5 200 25.5 23 22.5 100 18.5 17 16.5 6 8 5.5 5.5 3 5 4.5 4 n 0.44 0.47 0.47 PV 11 11 10.5 YP 9.8 8.8 8.5 AV 20.8 19.8 19 Ge10110 3.013.5 314 2.8/12.5 Filtrate14 14.7 12.1 pH 8.9 8 10.8 PfIMf 0.0010.180.0010.170.2310.43 Ca++ 108 200 570 t 2 Example #3 Mud Properties with 0.3, 0.7 and 1.4% lime contamination (cement contamination).The chemicals were mixed according to the table and analyzed at Canamara'sted lab, Calgary Uni Alberta.
Function Product ConcentrationCharge ~ ~
Amine CT 300 111m3 cationic FL Drispac SL 2.0 anionic kglm3 ViscosifierXanvis 2.5 kglm3 anionic Ph Caustic 0.2 kglm3salt AmineNiscosifier944 4.0 kglm3 cationic Drilled 30 kglm3 cuttings Lime 3.517.0114 kglm3 Total Lim~ lime Lime PropertiesNormal 3.5 kg/m37 kglm314 kglm3 600 45 46 31.5 26 300 33 31 21 17.5 200 27.5 26 17.5 13.5 100 20 19 12.5 9 6 6.5 7 5 4 3 5 5.5 4.5 3 n 0.45 0.57 0.58 0.57 PV 12 15 10.5 8.5 YP 10.5 8 5.3 4.5 AV 22.5 23 15.8 13 Gel0110 313.5 2.513.5 2.3/8.51.512.0 Filtrate 14.2 19.2 27.3 38.4 pH 7.3 >13 >13 >13 Pf/Mf 0.0010.131.47/1.871.68/2.222.0112.59 13 Example #4 Pierre shale experiments. Testing was done to determine the inhibitive properties of various chemicals. Tests were done at Canamara.'s United lab, Calgary Alberta according to the procedure outlined in US pat# 5403820. The materials listed under the name column are various viscosifiers. CP 944 is the product formulated according to the invention.
Retained Concentration corrected Name by Wt Manufacturer 6.5 Water 100%
74 Hychem 247 RD 0.40%
83.5 Hychem CP 944 0.26%
49 Ciba 60RD 0.3090 72.3 Hychem 757 0.80%
58.5 CanamaraK2 0.80%
53.3 CanamaraTMAC 0.80%
108.8 Hychem CP 944 0.40%
89.2 Hychem CP 944~T'MAC
0.26%/0.8%
92.6 Hychem CP 944/K20.26%/0.8%
75.6 CanamaraK2 1.600 71.6 CanamaraTMAC 1.60~
58.7 CanamaraCT 300 0.80%
57.6 CanamaraCT 300 0.80%
96.6 Diesel 100%
14 Immaterial modifications may be made to the embodiment disclosed here without departing from the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A drilling fluid having effective rheology and fluid loss control properties comprising:
water as a continuous phase; and a polyacrylamide copolymer comprising partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate having a cationic charge density of from about 25% to about 35%, and a concentration from about 0.1wt% to about 1.2wt% of the drilling fluid.
water as a continuous phase; and a polyacrylamide copolymer comprising partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate having a cationic charge density of from about 25% to about 35%, and a concentration from about 0.1wt% to about 1.2wt% of the drilling fluid.
2. The drilling fluid of claim 1 further comprising fluid loss control polymer and viscosifying polymer.
3. The fluid of claim 2 further comprising a monovalent amine salt (non-chloride) in an amount sufficient to increase the shale stabilization aspects of the fluid.
4. The fluid of claim 3 in which the monovalent amine salt is choline carbonate.
5. The fluid of claim 4 in which the choline carbonate is from about 0.1 wt %
to about 1 wt % of the drilling fluid.
to about 1 wt % of the drilling fluid.
6. The fluid of claim 1 wherein said polyacrylamide copolymer has a molecular weight of from about 1 million to about 1.5 million mole weight.
7. The fluid of claim 2 wherein said polyacrylamide copolymer has a molecular weight of from about 1 million to about 1.5 million mole weight.
8. A drilling fluid comprising: water as a continuous phase; fluid loss polymer;
viscosifying polymer; and a polyacrylamide copolymer having a cationic charge density of from about 25% to about 35% %, and a concentration from about 0.1wt% to about 1.2wt% of the drilling fluid and having the following general structure:
wherein R1 are selected from the group consisting of amine groups, amide groups, cyanide groups, and imide groups.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and a cationic hetroatom group and n and m is at least 1.
viscosifying polymer; and a polyacrylamide copolymer having a cationic charge density of from about 25% to about 35% %, and a concentration from about 0.1wt% to about 1.2wt% of the drilling fluid and having the following general structure:
wherein R1 are selected from the group consisting of amine groups, amide groups, cyanide groups, and imide groups.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and a cationic hetroatom group and n and m is at least 1.
9. The fluid of claim 8 wherein said polyacrylamide copolymer has a molecular weight of from about 1 million to about 1.5 million mole weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2457698 CA2457698A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | Environmental drilling fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2457698 CA2457698A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | Environmental drilling fluid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2457698A1 true CA2457698A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
Family
ID=34683098
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2457698 Abandoned CA2457698A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | Environmental drilling fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2457698A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130072405A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2013-03-21 | Cédrick Favero | Water-soluble polymers for oil recovery |
| US8889602B2 (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2014-11-18 | M-l Drilling Fluids U.K. Limited | Copolymer for shale stabilization and method of use |
-
2003
- 2003-12-23 CA CA 2457698 patent/CA2457698A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8889602B2 (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2014-11-18 | M-l Drilling Fluids U.K. Limited | Copolymer for shale stabilization and method of use |
| US20130072405A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2013-03-21 | Cédrick Favero | Water-soluble polymers for oil recovery |
| US20140287967A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2014-09-25 | S.P.C.M. S.A. | Water-soluble polymers for oil recovery |
| US8871692B2 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2014-10-28 | S.P.C.M. S.A. | Water-soluble polymers for oil recovery |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |