CA2456849A1 - Percutaneous or transcutaneous access to the interior of the body - Google Patents
Percutaneous or transcutaneous access to the interior of the body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2456849A1 CA2456849A1 CA002456849A CA2456849A CA2456849A1 CA 2456849 A1 CA2456849 A1 CA 2456849A1 CA 002456849 A CA002456849 A CA 002456849A CA 2456849 A CA2456849 A CA 2456849A CA 2456849 A1 CA2456849 A1 CA 2456849A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- living thing
- connection
- region
- transcutaneous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a percutaneous or transcutaneous connection system which comprises at least one passage or a connection devoid of such a passag e through the external surface of a living thing, such as in particular the skin. Said system has a permanent magnet (7) that is located in the region o f the external surface such as the skin (1, 3) with its poles running substantially parallel to the latter. In the case of a percutaneous connecti on system, physical passages (9) which traverse the external surface of the living thing are provided, whereas in a transcutaneous connection system, electric or electromagnetic signals and/or electric energy are transmitted without the aid of such passages, for example, using coils.
Description
'9 WO 01/83023 PCT/CHOl/00499 Percutaneous or transcutaneous access to the interior of the body The present invention relates to a percutaneous or transcutaneous connection system according to the preamble of claim 1, to uses of the system, and to a method according to the preamble of claim 12.
A wide variety of accesses to the interior of the human body are known from the literature and from patents.
Artificial accesses of these kinds are needed, for example, for administering medicines or delivering electrical signals or electrical energy into the body.
There is a fundamental difference between percutaneous and transcutaneous accesses. Percutaneous accesses extend mechanically through the skin. Transcutaneous accesses do not actually involve any mechanical access.
They are often based on the induction principle and thus represent an electrical connection between the interior of the body and its external environment.
In designing such accesses, it is not just the functional connection itself that is important, but in particular also the assimilation at the site of implantation and the minimizing of the risk of infection. In addition, it must be possible for the patients, or at any rate for their medical care providers, to make or break the connection as quickly and as easily as possible (user friendliness).
W098/51367 and W099/34754 propose purely mechanical plug-type connections for coupling and uncoupling the access. Since a minimal contact pressure is required at the connection site both for electrical leads and for administration of fluids, the constructions turn out to be relatively complicated, and the coupling and uncoupling operations are awkward for the user. In contrast, US 5,507,303 proposes, inter alia, that the necessary contact pressure be generated by magnetostatic means. In this case, both the implanted part and the attachable part each contain a magnet, these magnets ensuring the contact pressure. However, the external part is guided and oriented relative to the implanted part of the access by mechanical means.
US 5,949,895 discloses a transcutaneous connection consisting of a pair of flat, -symmetrical coils which are oriented with respect to one another with a pair of cylindrically symmetrical permanent magnets. This latter configuration, too, is relatively complicated and not user-friendly.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a percutaneous or transcutaneous connection to the body of a living thing, in particular of a human, which connection does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
The object of the invention is achieved by means of a connection system according to the wording of claim 1.
The percutaneous or transcutaneous accesses to the interior of the body, as proposed according to the invention, utilize magnetostatic forces both for ensuring the necessary contact pressure and for orienting and positioning the external part of the access relative to the implanted part. This results in a connection which is much easier for the user to handle. Positioning can be made easier by using permanent magnets which are asymmetrical, for example elongate. The north and south poles of the magnets are not mutually aligned inward toward the interior of the body as in US 5,507,303, but instead along the body opening. In other words, the permanent magnet extends with its poles parallel to the skin of the body.
Advantages are afforded in particular if the connection between the interior of the body and the external environment of the body has an inherent asymmetry. This is the case, for example, when the number of the individual passages in a percutaneous connection cannot be arranged symmetrically. Such a case likewise arises when two asymmetrical flat coils of a transcutaneous connection are to be oriented relative to each other.
The invention is now explained in greater detail below by way of example and with reference to the attached figures, where:
Figure 1 shows, in longitudinal section, a percutaneous connection with two individual passages:
Figure 2 shows the plan view of the magnets illustrated in Figure 1; and Figure 3 shows a diagrammatic representation of a transcutaneous connection with two flat, physiologically shaped coils in the region of the outer ear.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section showing a two-part percutaneous connection with two individual passages.
One part 5 is formed by a permanent magnet 7 which is located underneath the epidermis 1 in. the area of the dermis or in the area of a bone 3 lying underneath the epidermis. The north pole and the south pole of the permanent magnet 7 are labeled N and S, respectively.
Extending through the permanent magnet are two passages 9, each of these having a widened opening 11 protruding slightly from the epidermis 1. This is of course only one example of the design of the passages, and instead it is also possible to provide just one passage or multiple passages, and these passages do not necessarily need to have an external enlarged opening 11.
The internal openings of the passages open into an area labeled 8, which is provided for the arrangement of delivery and withdrawal conduits.
As a mating piece for this, an external attachable part 15 is provided which for its part has a permanent magnet 17 with a south pole and a north pole, labeled S
and N, respectively. Extending from a delivery or withdrawal conduit 19, which for example can be a flexible tubing, and through the permanent magnet 17 there are two conduits or two accesses 21 which for their part each have a connection opening 23 facing toward the openings 11 and may be suitable, for example, for attaching the external part 15 onto the two openings 11. If the force. of the two permanent magnets is not sufficient to hold the external part 15 on the permanent magnet 7, catch elements or other retaining members, for example, may additionally be provided.
The conduits in the implanted part 5 and also in the external plug-in part 15 are suitable both for delivering substances such as medicines, nutrients and the like, and also for withdrawing fluids from inside the body. The latter is the case, for example, in what is called hemodialysis.
Figure 2 on the one hand shows the permanent magnet 7 in a plan view from the outside, the omission of the depiction of the epidermis 1 meaning that the permanent magnet is visible, as is also the dermis or bone 3 located underneath the epidermis. Clearly shown are the two passages 9 extending perpendicularly through the permanent magnet 7. The elongate, oval-shaped permanent magnet in Figure 2 can of course be differently configured, for example rectangular, rod-shaped etc.
Analogously thereto, Figure 2 also shows, again in a plan view, the external plug-in part 15 consisting primarily of the permanent magnet 17 and of the accesses and conduits 21 provided for plug-in connection to the passages 9. Of course, the external magnet 17 also does not have to be in the form of an elongate oval, and instead can be differently configured, in adaptation to the shape of the permanent magnet 7. Indeed, it is even possible to arrange a coil in the external part 15 for generating a magnetic field, since the external magnet 17 does not necessarily have to be a permanent magnet.
_ 7 _ Finally, Figure 3 shows a possible application of the system proposed according to the invention in the form of a transcutaneous connection with two flat, physiologically shaped coils in the region of a human ear 31.
Given the anatomical and physiological conditions in this region, an arrangement of circular coils, as are otherwise often used in transcutaneous connections, is not suitable here. Instead, from this point of view a pair of oval, kidney-shaped or otherwise asymmetrically shaped coils is to be preferred.
The implanted part 25 of a transcutaneous connection has a coil 27 which serves to receive or, respectively, send electrical signals and/or to transmit electrical energy. The implanted part 25 also has a permanent magnet 29 which serves to orient and fix an external part in relation to the implanted part. This fixing may be necessary in particular when a current does not flow through the coils. Both the coil 27 and the permanent magnet 29 are implanted underneath the skin and are not visible from the outside. Therefore, in contrast to percutaneous connections, there is no mechanical passage here from the interior of the body to the outside or from the outside of the living thing to the inside. This system is shown in Figure 3, with the epidermis above the implanted part having been omitted so as to make the implant visible.
The external part (not shown here) of the transcutaneous connection likewise has, on the one hand, a coil for transmitting signals and/or energy and, on the other hand, a permanent magnet for positioning and fixing. The area of the external part of the connection directed toward the implanted part comprises materials and a surface which are compatible with the skin and permit wearing comfort. In terms of their geometric shape and their magnetic strength, the pair of permanent magnets is configured in such a way that the external part of the connection is optimally aligned and positioned over the implanted part as soon as it is brought into the proximity of the implant. The orientation is optimal when the inductive coupling between the coils, in their geometric shape dictated by the anatomy, is at a maximum level. The positioning and retaining action of the permanent magnets is effective in this transcutaneous system too, because the magnetostatic field also acts through the skin.
Of course, the connections depicted in Figures 1-3 merely represent possible examples, and the present invention is not limited to the illustrative embodiments shown. It follows that great variations are conceivable in terms of the design of the permanent magnet, the arrangement of the permanent magnet _ g _ directly in the epidermis or underneath the epidermis or in the bone, etc., the use of one, two or more passages, or of inductive, capacitive or other passage-free connections etc., or the configuration of the external plug-in part, etc.
A wide variety of accesses to the interior of the human body are known from the literature and from patents.
Artificial accesses of these kinds are needed, for example, for administering medicines or delivering electrical signals or electrical energy into the body.
There is a fundamental difference between percutaneous and transcutaneous accesses. Percutaneous accesses extend mechanically through the skin. Transcutaneous accesses do not actually involve any mechanical access.
They are often based on the induction principle and thus represent an electrical connection between the interior of the body and its external environment.
In designing such accesses, it is not just the functional connection itself that is important, but in particular also the assimilation at the site of implantation and the minimizing of the risk of infection. In addition, it must be possible for the patients, or at any rate for their medical care providers, to make or break the connection as quickly and as easily as possible (user friendliness).
W098/51367 and W099/34754 propose purely mechanical plug-type connections for coupling and uncoupling the access. Since a minimal contact pressure is required at the connection site both for electrical leads and for administration of fluids, the constructions turn out to be relatively complicated, and the coupling and uncoupling operations are awkward for the user. In contrast, US 5,507,303 proposes, inter alia, that the necessary contact pressure be generated by magnetostatic means. In this case, both the implanted part and the attachable part each contain a magnet, these magnets ensuring the contact pressure. However, the external part is guided and oriented relative to the implanted part of the access by mechanical means.
US 5,949,895 discloses a transcutaneous connection consisting of a pair of flat, -symmetrical coils which are oriented with respect to one another with a pair of cylindrically symmetrical permanent magnets. This latter configuration, too, is relatively complicated and not user-friendly.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a percutaneous or transcutaneous connection to the body of a living thing, in particular of a human, which connection does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
The object of the invention is achieved by means of a connection system according to the wording of claim 1.
The percutaneous or transcutaneous accesses to the interior of the body, as proposed according to the invention, utilize magnetostatic forces both for ensuring the necessary contact pressure and for orienting and positioning the external part of the access relative to the implanted part. This results in a connection which is much easier for the user to handle. Positioning can be made easier by using permanent magnets which are asymmetrical, for example elongate. The north and south poles of the magnets are not mutually aligned inward toward the interior of the body as in US 5,507,303, but instead along the body opening. In other words, the permanent magnet extends with its poles parallel to the skin of the body.
Advantages are afforded in particular if the connection between the interior of the body and the external environment of the body has an inherent asymmetry. This is the case, for example, when the number of the individual passages in a percutaneous connection cannot be arranged symmetrically. Such a case likewise arises when two asymmetrical flat coils of a transcutaneous connection are to be oriented relative to each other.
The invention is now explained in greater detail below by way of example and with reference to the attached figures, where:
Figure 1 shows, in longitudinal section, a percutaneous connection with two individual passages:
Figure 2 shows the plan view of the magnets illustrated in Figure 1; and Figure 3 shows a diagrammatic representation of a transcutaneous connection with two flat, physiologically shaped coils in the region of the outer ear.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section showing a two-part percutaneous connection with two individual passages.
One part 5 is formed by a permanent magnet 7 which is located underneath the epidermis 1 in. the area of the dermis or in the area of a bone 3 lying underneath the epidermis. The north pole and the south pole of the permanent magnet 7 are labeled N and S, respectively.
Extending through the permanent magnet are two passages 9, each of these having a widened opening 11 protruding slightly from the epidermis 1. This is of course only one example of the design of the passages, and instead it is also possible to provide just one passage or multiple passages, and these passages do not necessarily need to have an external enlarged opening 11.
The internal openings of the passages open into an area labeled 8, which is provided for the arrangement of delivery and withdrawal conduits.
As a mating piece for this, an external attachable part 15 is provided which for its part has a permanent magnet 17 with a south pole and a north pole, labeled S
and N, respectively. Extending from a delivery or withdrawal conduit 19, which for example can be a flexible tubing, and through the permanent magnet 17 there are two conduits or two accesses 21 which for their part each have a connection opening 23 facing toward the openings 11 and may be suitable, for example, for attaching the external part 15 onto the two openings 11. If the force. of the two permanent magnets is not sufficient to hold the external part 15 on the permanent magnet 7, catch elements or other retaining members, for example, may additionally be provided.
The conduits in the implanted part 5 and also in the external plug-in part 15 are suitable both for delivering substances such as medicines, nutrients and the like, and also for withdrawing fluids from inside the body. The latter is the case, for example, in what is called hemodialysis.
Figure 2 on the one hand shows the permanent magnet 7 in a plan view from the outside, the omission of the depiction of the epidermis 1 meaning that the permanent magnet is visible, as is also the dermis or bone 3 located underneath the epidermis. Clearly shown are the two passages 9 extending perpendicularly through the permanent magnet 7. The elongate, oval-shaped permanent magnet in Figure 2 can of course be differently configured, for example rectangular, rod-shaped etc.
Analogously thereto, Figure 2 also shows, again in a plan view, the external plug-in part 15 consisting primarily of the permanent magnet 17 and of the accesses and conduits 21 provided for plug-in connection to the passages 9. Of course, the external magnet 17 also does not have to be in the form of an elongate oval, and instead can be differently configured, in adaptation to the shape of the permanent magnet 7. Indeed, it is even possible to arrange a coil in the external part 15 for generating a magnetic field, since the external magnet 17 does not necessarily have to be a permanent magnet.
_ 7 _ Finally, Figure 3 shows a possible application of the system proposed according to the invention in the form of a transcutaneous connection with two flat, physiologically shaped coils in the region of a human ear 31.
Given the anatomical and physiological conditions in this region, an arrangement of circular coils, as are otherwise often used in transcutaneous connections, is not suitable here. Instead, from this point of view a pair of oval, kidney-shaped or otherwise asymmetrically shaped coils is to be preferred.
The implanted part 25 of a transcutaneous connection has a coil 27 which serves to receive or, respectively, send electrical signals and/or to transmit electrical energy. The implanted part 25 also has a permanent magnet 29 which serves to orient and fix an external part in relation to the implanted part. This fixing may be necessary in particular when a current does not flow through the coils. Both the coil 27 and the permanent magnet 29 are implanted underneath the skin and are not visible from the outside. Therefore, in contrast to percutaneous connections, there is no mechanical passage here from the interior of the body to the outside or from the outside of the living thing to the inside. This system is shown in Figure 3, with the epidermis above the implanted part having been omitted so as to make the implant visible.
The external part (not shown here) of the transcutaneous connection likewise has, on the one hand, a coil for transmitting signals and/or energy and, on the other hand, a permanent magnet for positioning and fixing. The area of the external part of the connection directed toward the implanted part comprises materials and a surface which are compatible with the skin and permit wearing comfort. In terms of their geometric shape and their magnetic strength, the pair of permanent magnets is configured in such a way that the external part of the connection is optimally aligned and positioned over the implanted part as soon as it is brought into the proximity of the implant. The orientation is optimal when the inductive coupling between the coils, in their geometric shape dictated by the anatomy, is at a maximum level. The positioning and retaining action of the permanent magnets is effective in this transcutaneous system too, because the magnetostatic field also acts through the skin.
Of course, the connections depicted in Figures 1-3 merely represent possible examples, and the present invention is not limited to the illustrative embodiments shown. It follows that great variations are conceivable in terms of the design of the permanent magnet, the arrangement of the permanent magnet _ g _ directly in the epidermis or underneath the epidermis or in the bone, etc., the use of one, two or more passages, or of inductive, capacitive or other passage-free connections etc., or the configuration of the external plug-in part, etc.
Claims (15)
1. A percutaneous or transcutaneous connection system which comprises at least one passage or a connection devoid of such a passage through the external surface of a living thing, such as in particular the skin, characterized by a permanent magnet (7, 29) located in the region of the external surface, such as the skin (1, 3), with its poles running substantially parallel to the latter.
2. The connection system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet (7), with the poles running substantially parallel to the skin, is located in or underneath the epidermis (1), and the at least one passage or preferably at least two passages (9) is/are provided in or on the magnet.
3. The connection system as claimed in either of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the system comprises a device (15) which can be connected to the passage(s) (9) and which contains a further magnet (17), the latter preferably also being a permanent magnet.
4. The connection system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the permanent magnet (7) and the further magnet (17) are provided with positioning members (11, 23) via which conduits (19) or access channels provided in the device (15) can be connected to the passages (9).
5. The connection system as claimed in either of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the openings (11) of the passages (9) and the corresponding connection openings (23) of the conduits or access channels (19) at the same time serve as positioning members for connecting the device in the correct position to the permanent magnets and for holding it there in a manner comfortable for the wearer.
6. The connection system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least one inductive, capacitive or other passage-free connection is provided between the interior of the living thing and the outside.
7. The connection system as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that in the area of the permanent magnet (29) at least one coil (27) is provided for receiving or, respectively, sending electrical or electromagnetic signals and/or for transmitting electrical energy.
8. The connection system as claimed in one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the permanent magnet (29) and, where appropriate, the further magnet (17) are of elongate design, for example rectangular or oval.
9. The connection system as claimed in one of claims 3-5 or 8, characterized in that three or more passages (9) or conduits or access channels (19) are provided which, in relation to a plane perpendicular to the magnets (7, 17), are arranged asymmetrically.
10. Use of the system as claimed in one of claims 1-9 to create a percutaneous or transcutaneous connection through the skin of a living thing, in particular of a human, for administering medicines or other substances, for receiving or sending electrical signals or electrical energy, for placing a measuring probe in the region of the skin of the living thing, or for collecting samples or other substances from the interior of the living thing.
11. Use of the system as claimed in one of claims 1 or 6-9 for a transcutaneous connection in the region of the outer ear (31) of a human, having at least one coil (27) in the region of the permanent magnet (29) for the purpose of receiving or, respectively, sending electrical signals and/or for transmitting electrical energy.
12. A method for transcutaneous or percutaneous delivery or withdrawal of medicines, samples or other substances into or from the interior of a living thing, for transmitting, receiving or sending electrical signals or electrical energy into or from the interior of a living thing or for placing a measuring probe in the region of the external surface of a living thing, characterized in that, in the region of the external surface, in particular in or underneath the skin of the living thing, a permanent magnet is placed with its poles running substantially parallel to said surface.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, for the percutaneous or transcutaneous feed-through, transmission or placement, an external device is also applied onto the surface of the living thing, which device has a further permanent magnet and/or a coil for holding the external device on the permanent magnet in the region of the surface by means of a magnetic field.
14. The method as claimed in one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that medicines, samples or other substances are introduced into, or withdrawn from, the interior of the living thing via passages extending from the external device to the permanent magnet.
15. The method as claimed in one of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that electrical or electromagnetic signals and/or electrical energy are conveyed from the external device to the permanent magnet, and vice versa, by passage-free transmission, by means of at least one coil being positioned in the region of the permanent magnet and, respectively, in the region of the external device.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH2001/000499 WO2001083023A2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2001-08-14 | Percutaneous or transcutaneous access to the interior of the body |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2456849A1 true CA2456849A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
Family
ID=32097380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002456849A Abandoned CA2456849A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2001-08-14 | Percutaneous or transcutaneous access to the interior of the body |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1417002B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004531277A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001281637B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2456849A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50113019D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5466161B2 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2014-04-09 | トランスファーマ メディカル リミテッド | Magnetic patch connector |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4004298A (en) * | 1975-03-31 | 1977-01-25 | Sinai Hospital Of Detroit | Magnetically aligned releasable connector |
| US4352960A (en) * | 1980-09-30 | 1982-10-05 | Baptist Medical Center Of Oklahoma, Inc. | Magnetic transcutaneous mount for external device of an associated implant |
| JPH0763494B2 (en) * | 1986-05-21 | 1995-07-12 | ゾームド―トリース，インコーポレイティド | Implantable electromagnetic middle ear conduction type hearing aid |
| JP2601277B2 (en) * | 1987-06-29 | 1997-04-16 | 京セラ株式会社 | In vivo and external communication device |
-
2001
- 2001-08-14 DE DE50113019T patent/DE50113019D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-14 AU AU2001281637A patent/AU2001281637B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-14 CA CA002456849A patent/CA2456849A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-14 JP JP2001579894A patent/JP2004531277A/en active Pending
- 2001-08-14 EP EP01960023A patent/EP1417002B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50113019D1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
| JP2004531277A (en) | 2004-10-14 |
| AU2001281637B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
| EP1417002B1 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
| EP1417002A2 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |