CA2437761A1 - Octane enhancing additive for gasoline - Google Patents
Octane enhancing additive for gasoline Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2437761A1 CA2437761A1 CA 2437761 CA2437761A CA2437761A1 CA 2437761 A1 CA2437761 A1 CA 2437761A1 CA 2437761 CA2437761 CA 2437761 CA 2437761 A CA2437761 A CA 2437761A CA 2437761 A1 CA2437761 A1 CA 2437761A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gasoline
- octane
- less
- volume
- methylaniline
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
An octane increasing additive for gasoline, which includes N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline, with aniline and ethanol. There is not less than 5% and not more than 70% by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline.
There is not less than 10% and not more than 50% by volume of aniline. There is not less than 5% and not more than 60%
by volume of ethanol.
There is not less than 10% and not more than 50% by volume of aniline. There is not less than 5% and not more than 60%
by volume of ethanol.
Description
TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
Octane enhancing additive for gasoline FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an octane enhancing additive for gasoline.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Gasoline fraction obtained from crude oil distillation typically has an octane number of around 80. In addition to refinery upgrading processes, octane enhancing additives have been used to improve the octane number. The octane number must be increased from 80 to 87 for regular grade gasoline and to 91 for premium gasoline.
One commonly used octane enhancing additive for gasoline was tetraethyl lead. Tetraethyl lead was banned after it was discovered to contribute to human health problE;ms. Another commonly used octane enhancing additive for gasoline was methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE was also discovered to create environmental problems. Zarge quantities of MTBE have been released into the environment from leaking underground storage tanks. Where such leakage occurred, the MTBE
contaminated the water table, because of its high mobility and water solubility.
There are numerous chemical additives, which are capable of increasing the octane number of gasoline. It is difficult, however, to find additives which are capable of achieving very high octane increases with very small quantity additions to gasoline. It is also difficult to find additives with acceptable physical characteristics, which will have relatively low potential environmental and toxicological impact.
SUGARY OF THE INi7ENTION
What is required is an octane increasing additive for gasoline which is capable of achieving very high octane increases with relatively small quantity additions to gasoline and relatively low potential environmental and toxicological impact.
According to the present invention there is provided an octane increasing additive for gasoline,. which includes N-methylaniline and/or N-ethylaniline, with aniline and ethanol. There is not less than 5o and not more than 70o by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-et:hylaniline.
There is not less than loo and not more than 50~ by volume of aniline. There is not less than 5% and not more than 600 by volume of ethanol.
The normal additional of the octane increasing additive into the gasoline is in the 1o to loo range.
In applications in which vapour pressure is of concern, iso-octane can be added to increase the vapour px°essure for the additive.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIO1~T OF TF3E PREFERRED E1~IBODII~TT
The preferred octane increasing additive for gasoline will now be descr_bed. During product development, the additive was identified as H.O.P.E which stands for "High Octane Power Enhancer'°. In the description which follows and the supporting charts and graphs, the additive is identified as H.O.P.E.
H . O . P . E . deve~.opment H.O.P.E. is a newly designed gasoline additive that enhances research (RON), motor (MON) octane numbers and, consequently, the anti-knock index.
Testing Methods H.O.P.E. was tested at the laboratories of thE: Alberta Research Council using standard methods. Among them ASTM
methods 2699 and 2700 that were used for RON and MON
respectively. H.O.P.E. could be added to gasoline at ranges of 1-100 (v/v).
Performance H.O.P.E. performance is very good as shown in the following graph. The enhancement of octane number with H.O.P.E. is much larger than with other additives tested or MTBE as shown on the graph. This addition rate could be adjusted based on the formulation of H.O.P.E. and also based on the octane number of the gasoline.
Testing dosage in increments of 10 of H.O.P.E. allows increase of RON from 77.8 to 81.4 resulting in a boosting effect of 3.6 points compared to 1.1 of MTBE.
1~
.
1.4 ---. . .
a- ~ -oH
~E.
O
P
~~ . _ .
.
o qp .. . _ --~-Ethanol m ~ .. tso-octane . ,_...-~- ' --~ MTB~
~.~,~
.
o . ~ ~ I
0 1 ~ 3 d 5 PERCENTADDED
Dosage: lo, 20, 3o and 5a of H.O.P.E. increases gasoline RON by up to 3.6 5 points of H.O.P.E. increases gasoline RON by up to 7.5 points of H.O.P.E. increases gasoline RON by u~> to 10.8 points 10 5% of H.O.P.E. increases gasoline RON by u~> to 15.6 points, Based on these results, the following informatic>n is compiled, a At 1o dosage, one(1) ton of H.O.P.E. treats'. 100 tons of base gasoline resulting in 101 tons of treated gasoline with RON increase of 3.6 points.
To perform this, simply add 1 ton of H.~.P.E. to 10~ tons of base gasoline.
At 2o dosage, two (2) tons of H.O.P.E. treats 100 tons of base gasoline resulting in 102 tons of treated gasoline with RON increase of 7.5 points.
At 5o dosage, one (1) ton of H.O.P.E, treats 20 tons of base gasoline resulting in 21 tons of treated gasoline with RON increase of 15.6 points.
Physical Characteristics H.O.P.E. is a mixture of liquid organic chemicals.
These chemicals have a clear to slightly yellow colour, no metals and no phosphorus as determined by ASTM methods. The vapor pressure of its major constituents is lower than gasoline. No lead is present in H.O.P.:E. and other constituents are with specification.
Environmental and Toxicological impact H.O.P.E. environmental parameters (Kow, Koc) are estimated to be similar to gasoline's, as shown in the table below. Its solubility in water is smaller than MTBE°S.
It's lower vapor pressure than gasoline makes it less susceptible for inhalation. Its flash point is estimated to be 37 C and its TGA flammability classification is 3. It°s freezing point is less than -10 C. The major constituents of H.O.P.E. are much less toxic than other additives such as MMT, based on comparison of LD50 values.
I~tihemlc~!'B~ 1~P W~l~r9aluE~lltLo l~~w6fa~ L~GD
tienxona 8ta X4.5 5 ~. ~ 2~ ~.i3 $~ fTI~~
C m m !k mouse ora E~P~T ~~3 O.t?f~ 0 2~ ll 3.7 ND 5tt r~
C mmH ~5 r3 drat ~ITBt: 5f ~541i ~5 51 I ~S ~.~4 8 28~ oral G
Eth~n~l 7~ 59,3 ~5 r~~cible -0.39 ND 1~;~7 !fit C m~r:H Gr~l ASV-acne 99 40.8 21 a ND same ~ali~
G mreli us N.~t t 245 t7~?A 26 ~~a ~1 B 1 2r~ 334 m r oral arrilln$ C rnmli Conclusion H.O.P.E. is a very efficient in. boostincr antiknock index for gasoline. It is an attractive and very promising additive since it exhibits low water solubility, low toxicity and low mobility in the environment. Its addition to gasoline clid not show any change to the regular emitted chemicals (emissions) from tail pipes. This classifies H.O.P.E, as environmentally friendly additive.
Broad tnlorking Range:
not less than 5o and not more than 70% by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline;
not less than loo and not more than 50o by volume of aniline; and not less than 5o and not more than 60o by volume of ethanol.
In this formulation a synergy is obtained through use of aniline in combination between N-methylaniline, N-ethylaniline or a combination of both. Ethanol is added to control environmental emissions by providing oxygen for improved combustion of the gasoline. Minimum levels are specified, as below those minimum levels the des~_red beneficial effect is not achieved. Maximum level: are specified, as above those maximum levels room is being taken up in the formulation which is necessary for the other ingredients. Where vapour pressure is of-_ concern, not less than 5o and not more than 30% by volume of iso-ocaane is added.
Preferred Working Range:
not less than 30o and not more than 65o by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylanil_ine;
not less than 20o and not more than 60o by volume of aniline; and not less than 5o and not mare than 45o by volume of ethanol.
The preferred range sets forth a narrower working range, which it is recommended that one skilled in the art operate within in order to achieve the best results.
Sample Formulation Io 60o N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline 30o Aniline 10o ethanol Sample Formulation II:
15o N-methylaniline 15o N-ethylaniline 20o aniline loo iso-octane 40o ethanol Variations:
Sample formulation I is prepared to obtain a maximum octane boost, without regard to other factors. 600 of that formulation includes N-methylaniline, N-ethyla.niline or a combination of both. This is combined with a further 300 aniline. Whether sample formulation I set forth above is used will depend upon a number of factors. One factor is oxygen content of the gasoline and the emissions produced by the gasoline. Another factor is the compos_Ltion of the gasoline. A practical consideration will, at times, be the cost and availability of the constituent chemicals. The cost per litre of gasoline must be kept as low as possible. If the price of N-methylaniline were to rise significantly, substitution would have to be made for. increased quantities of the other ingredients. Sample formulation II demonstrates an adjusted formulation, that still falls within the preferred ranges. Such a formulation might be used if N-methylaniline and N-ethylaniline were to increase in price or become difficult to obtain in desired quantitif=s. It also might be used if adjustments were required to increase oxygen content and reduce environmental emissions. Iso-octane would be added to reduce vapour pressure, in order to reduce gasoline evaporative emissions.
The Charts which follow demonstrate performance obtained in preliminary tests.
CCTA~11~E ENHANCEI~'S
methyleniline R~N M4IV OCi~r~~
added ~
0 90.4 81.8 86.~
1 93.8 84.5 89.~
Octane enhancing additive for gasoline FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an octane enhancing additive for gasoline.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Gasoline fraction obtained from crude oil distillation typically has an octane number of around 80. In addition to refinery upgrading processes, octane enhancing additives have been used to improve the octane number. The octane number must be increased from 80 to 87 for regular grade gasoline and to 91 for premium gasoline.
One commonly used octane enhancing additive for gasoline was tetraethyl lead. Tetraethyl lead was banned after it was discovered to contribute to human health problE;ms. Another commonly used octane enhancing additive for gasoline was methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE was also discovered to create environmental problems. Zarge quantities of MTBE have been released into the environment from leaking underground storage tanks. Where such leakage occurred, the MTBE
contaminated the water table, because of its high mobility and water solubility.
There are numerous chemical additives, which are capable of increasing the octane number of gasoline. It is difficult, however, to find additives which are capable of achieving very high octane increases with very small quantity additions to gasoline. It is also difficult to find additives with acceptable physical characteristics, which will have relatively low potential environmental and toxicological impact.
SUGARY OF THE INi7ENTION
What is required is an octane increasing additive for gasoline which is capable of achieving very high octane increases with relatively small quantity additions to gasoline and relatively low potential environmental and toxicological impact.
According to the present invention there is provided an octane increasing additive for gasoline,. which includes N-methylaniline and/or N-ethylaniline, with aniline and ethanol. There is not less than 5o and not more than 70o by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-et:hylaniline.
There is not less than loo and not more than 50~ by volume of aniline. There is not less than 5% and not more than 600 by volume of ethanol.
The normal additional of the octane increasing additive into the gasoline is in the 1o to loo range.
In applications in which vapour pressure is of concern, iso-octane can be added to increase the vapour px°essure for the additive.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIO1~T OF TF3E PREFERRED E1~IBODII~TT
The preferred octane increasing additive for gasoline will now be descr_bed. During product development, the additive was identified as H.O.P.E which stands for "High Octane Power Enhancer'°. In the description which follows and the supporting charts and graphs, the additive is identified as H.O.P.E.
H . O . P . E . deve~.opment H.O.P.E. is a newly designed gasoline additive that enhances research (RON), motor (MON) octane numbers and, consequently, the anti-knock index.
Testing Methods H.O.P.E. was tested at the laboratories of thE: Alberta Research Council using standard methods. Among them ASTM
methods 2699 and 2700 that were used for RON and MON
respectively. H.O.P.E. could be added to gasoline at ranges of 1-100 (v/v).
Performance H.O.P.E. performance is very good as shown in the following graph. The enhancement of octane number with H.O.P.E. is much larger than with other additives tested or MTBE as shown on the graph. This addition rate could be adjusted based on the formulation of H.O.P.E. and also based on the octane number of the gasoline.
Testing dosage in increments of 10 of H.O.P.E. allows increase of RON from 77.8 to 81.4 resulting in a boosting effect of 3.6 points compared to 1.1 of MTBE.
1~
.
1.4 ---. . .
a- ~ -oH
~E.
O
P
~~ . _ .
.
o qp .. . _ --~-Ethanol m ~ .. tso-octane . ,_...-~- ' --~ MTB~
~.~,~
.
o . ~ ~ I
0 1 ~ 3 d 5 PERCENTADDED
Dosage: lo, 20, 3o and 5a of H.O.P.E. increases gasoline RON by up to 3.6 5 points of H.O.P.E. increases gasoline RON by up to 7.5 points of H.O.P.E. increases gasoline RON by u~> to 10.8 points 10 5% of H.O.P.E. increases gasoline RON by u~> to 15.6 points, Based on these results, the following informatic>n is compiled, a At 1o dosage, one(1) ton of H.O.P.E. treats'. 100 tons of base gasoline resulting in 101 tons of treated gasoline with RON increase of 3.6 points.
To perform this, simply add 1 ton of H.~.P.E. to 10~ tons of base gasoline.
At 2o dosage, two (2) tons of H.O.P.E. treats 100 tons of base gasoline resulting in 102 tons of treated gasoline with RON increase of 7.5 points.
At 5o dosage, one (1) ton of H.O.P.E, treats 20 tons of base gasoline resulting in 21 tons of treated gasoline with RON increase of 15.6 points.
Physical Characteristics H.O.P.E. is a mixture of liquid organic chemicals.
These chemicals have a clear to slightly yellow colour, no metals and no phosphorus as determined by ASTM methods. The vapor pressure of its major constituents is lower than gasoline. No lead is present in H.O.P.:E. and other constituents are with specification.
Environmental and Toxicological impact H.O.P.E. environmental parameters (Kow, Koc) are estimated to be similar to gasoline's, as shown in the table below. Its solubility in water is smaller than MTBE°S.
It's lower vapor pressure than gasoline makes it less susceptible for inhalation. Its flash point is estimated to be 37 C and its TGA flammability classification is 3. It°s freezing point is less than -10 C. The major constituents of H.O.P.E. are much less toxic than other additives such as MMT, based on comparison of LD50 values.
I~tihemlc~!'B~ 1~P W~l~r9aluE~lltLo l~~w6fa~ L~GD
tienxona 8ta X4.5 5 ~. ~ 2~ ~.i3 $~ fTI~~
C m m !k mouse ora E~P~T ~~3 O.t?f~ 0 2~ ll 3.7 ND 5tt r~
C mmH ~5 r3 drat ~ITBt: 5f ~541i ~5 51 I ~S ~.~4 8 28~ oral G
Eth~n~l 7~ 59,3 ~5 r~~cible -0.39 ND 1~;~7 !fit C m~r:H Gr~l ASV-acne 99 40.8 21 a ND same ~ali~
G mreli us N.~t t 245 t7~?A 26 ~~a ~1 B 1 2r~ 334 m r oral arrilln$ C rnmli Conclusion H.O.P.E. is a very efficient in. boostincr antiknock index for gasoline. It is an attractive and very promising additive since it exhibits low water solubility, low toxicity and low mobility in the environment. Its addition to gasoline clid not show any change to the regular emitted chemicals (emissions) from tail pipes. This classifies H.O.P.E, as environmentally friendly additive.
Broad tnlorking Range:
not less than 5o and not more than 70% by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline;
not less than loo and not more than 50o by volume of aniline; and not less than 5o and not more than 60o by volume of ethanol.
In this formulation a synergy is obtained through use of aniline in combination between N-methylaniline, N-ethylaniline or a combination of both. Ethanol is added to control environmental emissions by providing oxygen for improved combustion of the gasoline. Minimum levels are specified, as below those minimum levels the des~_red beneficial effect is not achieved. Maximum level: are specified, as above those maximum levels room is being taken up in the formulation which is necessary for the other ingredients. Where vapour pressure is of-_ concern, not less than 5o and not more than 30% by volume of iso-ocaane is added.
Preferred Working Range:
not less than 30o and not more than 65o by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylanil_ine;
not less than 20o and not more than 60o by volume of aniline; and not less than 5o and not mare than 45o by volume of ethanol.
The preferred range sets forth a narrower working range, which it is recommended that one skilled in the art operate within in order to achieve the best results.
Sample Formulation Io 60o N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline 30o Aniline 10o ethanol Sample Formulation II:
15o N-methylaniline 15o N-ethylaniline 20o aniline loo iso-octane 40o ethanol Variations:
Sample formulation I is prepared to obtain a maximum octane boost, without regard to other factors. 600 of that formulation includes N-methylaniline, N-ethyla.niline or a combination of both. This is combined with a further 300 aniline. Whether sample formulation I set forth above is used will depend upon a number of factors. One factor is oxygen content of the gasoline and the emissions produced by the gasoline. Another factor is the compos_Ltion of the gasoline. A practical consideration will, at times, be the cost and availability of the constituent chemicals. The cost per litre of gasoline must be kept as low as possible. If the price of N-methylaniline were to rise significantly, substitution would have to be made for. increased quantities of the other ingredients. Sample formulation II demonstrates an adjusted formulation, that still falls within the preferred ranges. Such a formulation might be used if N-methylaniline and N-ethylaniline were to increase in price or become difficult to obtain in desired quantitif=s. It also might be used if adjustments were required to increase oxygen content and reduce environmental emissions. Iso-octane would be added to reduce vapour pressure, in order to reduce gasoline evaporative emissions.
The Charts which follow demonstrate performance obtained in preliminary tests.
CCTA~11~E ENHANCEI~'S
methyleniline R~N M4IV OCi~r~~
added ~
0 90.4 81.8 86.~
1 93.8 84.5 89.~
2 96.8 85.8 9'i.~
3 98.fi 86_9 928 98 ~ - .~.~-g6 _ . . __ .. . ~. -~--Se~es1 m ga _ .. . --r~-Series2 n.
8g . -.- _. - ~ Se~ies3 82 - --------- .
8g N-MethylaaHi~te °l°
1.
100 ---, i 99 --.
z 95 -92 __ _._ ..
~l~
MA - N-methylaniline A - aniline MI - methyl iodide EA - N-ethylaniline DMA - N-dimethylaniline Isoct- iso-octane -~ 5 Chemical BP VP LD50 Water to Koc aol Kew benzene 80C 94.8 5C 4700 m !dc 1.8 !I 2.13 82 mmH Mouse oral 26C
MMT 233C 0.047 OC 50 m Ik rat 29 m 3.7 NLD
mmH anal 5C
M'fBE 55C 250 3C 2960 rn Rat 51 I 0.94 6 mmH oral 25C
Aniline 184C 0.49 25C 230 m k Rat 36 n 0.9 63 mmH ora! 3C
Ma Anilinel9fiC0.453 5C similar to 5.6 I! l.fifi65 mm aniline 25C
N
Ethanol 78.5059.3 25C 12387 m lk Miscible-0.31 NC
mmH Rat oral isooctane99C 40.6 c$21Csame as gasoline~ 0 ] / mmli ( In this patent document, the word '°compri;sing°' is used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. A reference to an element by t:he indefinite article "a'° does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the element is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements.
It will be apparent to one skilled in 'the art that modifications may be made to the illustrated embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter defined in the Claims.
8g . -.- _. - ~ Se~ies3 82 - --------- .
8g N-MethylaaHi~te °l°
1.
100 ---, i 99 --.
z 95 -92 __ _._ ..
~l~
MA - N-methylaniline A - aniline MI - methyl iodide EA - N-ethylaniline DMA - N-dimethylaniline Isoct- iso-octane -~ 5 Chemical BP VP LD50 Water to Koc aol Kew benzene 80C 94.8 5C 4700 m !dc 1.8 !I 2.13 82 mmH Mouse oral 26C
MMT 233C 0.047 OC 50 m Ik rat 29 m 3.7 NLD
mmH anal 5C
M'fBE 55C 250 3C 2960 rn Rat 51 I 0.94 6 mmH oral 25C
Aniline 184C 0.49 25C 230 m k Rat 36 n 0.9 63 mmH ora! 3C
Ma Anilinel9fiC0.453 5C similar to 5.6 I! l.fifi65 mm aniline 25C
N
Ethanol 78.5059.3 25C 12387 m lk Miscible-0.31 NC
mmH Rat oral isooctane99C 40.6 c$21Csame as gasoline~ 0 ] / mmli ( In this patent document, the word '°compri;sing°' is used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. A reference to an element by t:he indefinite article "a'° does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the element is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements.
It will be apparent to one skilled in 'the art that modifications may be made to the illustrated embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter defined in the Claims.
Claims (8)
1. An octane increasing additive for gasoline, comprising:
not less than 5% and not more than 70% by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline;
not less than 10% and not more than 50% by volume of aniline; and not less than 5% and not more than 60% by volume of ethanol.
not less than 5% and not more than 70% by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline;
not less than 10% and not more than 50% by volume of aniline; and not less than 5% and not more than 60% by volume of ethanol.
2. The octane increasing additive for gasoline as defined in Claim 1, further including not less than 5% and not more than 30% by volume of iso-octane.
3. The octane increasing additive for gasoline as defined in Claim 1, including N-Methylaniline, but not N-ethylaniline.
4. The octane increasing additive for gasoline as defined in Claim 1, including N-ethylaniline, but not N-Methylaniline.
5. The octane increasing additive for gasoline as defined in Claim 1, including both N-Methylaniline and N-ethylaniline.
6. The octane increasing additive for gasoline as defined in Claim 1, comprising:
not less than 30% and not more than 65% by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline;
not less than 20% and not more than 60% by volume of aniline; and not less than 5% and not more than 45% by volume of ethanol.
not less than 30% and not more than 65% by volume of at least one of N-methylaniline or N-ethylaniline;
not less than 20% and not more than 60% by volume of aniline; and not less than 5% and not more than 45% by volume of ethanol.
7. The octane increasing additive for gasoline as defined in Claim 6, further including not less than 5% and not more than 30% by volume of iso-octane.
8. An octane increasing additive for gasoline, comprising:
not less than 30% and not more than 65% by volume of a mixture of N-methylaniline and N-ethylaniline;
not less than 20% and not more than 60% by volume of aniline;
not less than 5% and not more than 45% by volume of ethanol; and not less than 5% and not more than 10% by volume of iso-octane.
not less than 30% and not more than 65% by volume of a mixture of N-methylaniline and N-ethylaniline;
not less than 20% and not more than 60% by volume of aniline;
not less than 5% and not more than 45% by volume of ethanol; and not less than 5% and not more than 10% by volume of iso-octane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2437761 CA2437761A1 (en) | 2003-08-20 | 2003-08-20 | Octane enhancing additive for gasoline |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2437761 CA2437761A1 (en) | 2003-08-20 | 2003-08-20 | Octane enhancing additive for gasoline |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2437761A1 true CA2437761A1 (en) | 2005-02-20 |
Family
ID=34230645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2437761 Abandoned CA2437761A1 (en) | 2003-08-20 | 2003-08-20 | Octane enhancing additive for gasoline |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2437761A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008076759A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-26 | Shell Oil Company | Fuel composition and its use |
| WO2010001341A2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-07 | Chimec S.P.A. | Production process of unleaded high octane number gasoline, and so obtained gasolines |
| RU2576327C1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-02-27 | Евгений Владимирович Ройтман | Antidetonation additive and fuel with claimed additive |
-
2003
- 2003-08-20 CA CA 2437761 patent/CA2437761A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008076759A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-26 | Shell Oil Company | Fuel composition and its use |
| WO2010001341A2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-07 | Chimec S.P.A. | Production process of unleaded high octane number gasoline, and so obtained gasolines |
| WO2010001341A3 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-02-25 | Chimec S.P.A. | Production process of unleaded high octane number gasoline, and so obtained gasolines |
| RU2576327C1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-02-27 | Евгений Владимирович Ройтман | Antidetonation additive and fuel with claimed additive |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |