CA2436820A1 - Apparatus and method for production of electromagnecular gasses, for processing and recycling of toxic substances and unwanted wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to durable and efficient equipment and method for the production of electromagnecular gases (EMGs) endowed with physical and chemical properties described by the hadronic physics and hadronic chemistry. EMGs are chemically more reactive, they are clean-burning combustible fuels and enclose higher energy than their molecular counterparts, can be liquefied at higher temperatures and/or lower pressures, can be supplied as additive to traditional gas fuels and diminish the leakage through pipelines or containers, and as additive to hydrocarbon fuels they improve the combustion and reduce the pollutants present in the combustion effluents. With the said equipment and method is possible to produce EMGs from any carbonaceous substance, including renewable biomass, and mixtures of carbonaceous substances with water, or from pure water. This includes the processing and destruction of toxic substances and pollutants. It is possible to process materials rich in carbon and silica, such as cereal husks, and produce EMG and silicon carbide (SiC).

Description

Desca°iptic~n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to durable and efficient equipment and method for the pro-duction of electromagnecular gases (EMGs), wil:h applications in the automotive industry and in all activity where there is an internal combustion engi~.ne, where there is a furnace, such as for the production of electricity in electric power plants running on fossil fuels, for smelting of ores, for melting of metals and other materials that need high tempera-tures to be processed, in the metals cutting and welding, in house heating and cooking, etc., as additive for classic combustion fuels (fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum includ-ing diesel oil, kerosene, jet fuel, and gasoline, natural gas, butane, propane, LPG, etc.);
the present invention has applications in all activities where there is necessity to com-press and/or liquefy gases, in the chemical and pharmaceutical drug industries, in the food industry, in the industries mith activities in the processing and destruction of pollut-ants, toxic substances and of unwanted wastes and under-products of urban, farming and industrial activities.
Other fields and objects of this invention, together with methods and means for attaining the various objects, will become apparent from the following description and accompany-ing diagrams of one or more embodiment(s), presented by way of example rather than limitation.
In addition, because of the novelty of the technology and for better understanding of the method, apparatus and applications, some scientific details acre given in the next sections;
nevertheless, this may appear superfluous to practice and utilization of the invention.

2. STATE OF THE ART
Patents for the production and applications of EMGs are the United. States patents 6,113,748 and 6,299,656. The method described in these patents is the utilisation of an apparatus based on the electric arc plunged in water, produced between graphite elec-trodes consumed during the process.
The present invention introduces a new method for the production of EMGs with several advantages on the previous technology.
First, the apparatus and method of the present invention can be used with a pure sub-stance, such as, and not limited to, pure conventional molecular hydrogen, to directly produce electromagnecular hydrogen free of carbon contamination; this is not possible with the previous apparatus and method, which, by the use of graphite electrodes intro-duce contamination with carbon from electrodes and oxygen from water, therefore de-manding supplementary processes for purification, and might not be possible to purify 100% hydrogen, considering the electromagnetic forces present in EMGs. A 100%
purity might be necessary for some industrial processes, such as for fuel cells, chemical reac-tions, such as for the synthesis of some medical drugs, in food industry applications, for the production of some electronic composites, etc.
Another major advantage of the present invention over the previous one is the possibility to produce EMGs from a very large spectrum of prime materials, such as renewable bio-mass sources, urban and farm sewage (including pork farming sewage, which represents up to now an important pollution dilemma), and other hazardous wastes, difficult until now to eliminate, solving major problems of our societies -- of pollution, and of a renew-able and clean energy source with multiple applications in the existing technology.
Therefore, the major advantage on the previous apparatus and method is the non limita-tion to the processing of water and graphite for the production of EMGs.
Another outstanding advantage is the possibility to miniaturize the apparatus, and mount it directly on a lawnmower, electricity generator, a car, etc. or on a furnace burner to pro-duce EMG used directly, thus not demanding storage in high pressure containers, as is the case with the previous apparatus and method.
In addition, the United States Patent 6,540,966 was retained for an apparatus and method used for recycling contaminated liquid waste, with production of a clean burning com-bustible gas. As the previous technology of United States patents x,113,748 and 6,299,656, the technology of the United States Patent 6,540,966 uses an electric arc with a consumable carbon cathode, and therefore is technically and methodologically different of the method and technology of the present invention, which does. not use electric arc, but a reaction chamber where is formed a gaseous hot plasa~~a under a strong electromag-netic field generated by a high speed helicoidally shaped displacement of the processed substance, as is detailed further in the text of the next sections.
A prime technical advantage over the previous method is the absence of consumable elements in the construction of the apparatus. A second advantage is the particularity of no need of electricity supply, as for the electric arc; the necessary energy for the func-tionality of the apparatus comes from apart of the EMG produced on the spot, used as burning fuel for increasing the temperature of the reaction chamber and for the formation of the negative pressure in the reaction chamber, as is detailed further in the next sec-tions.
Finally, the United States patents 4,014,777 and 4,081,656 refer to an innovation related to an electrolytic equipment and method for the production of a stoechiometric mixture of atomic hydrogen and oxygen from water. A treatment with an electric arc is necessary to increase the internal energy of this gas, which in fact is an electromagnecular gas electro-magnetized by the electric arc plasma. In 1974 and even in 1978 the hadronic physics and chemistry were known just by some researchers. Thus, the author of the cited patents didn't have knowledge of EMGs at the dates when he applied for these two patents.
With the present innovation the novelty is that a stoechiometric mixture of atomic elec-tromagnecular hydrogen and oxygen can be obtained from the processing of water with a totally different construction, the Hadron Electro-magnecular Plasma Reactor (HEPLA
Reactor), which does not need electrolysis or electric arc plasma; details are given further in the next sections.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The apparatus described here as a novel innovation, uses any gas and aerosols made of finely divided Liquid or/and solid particles mixed with a gas or air to produce electro-magnetized atoms, radicals and molecules (electromagnec;ules) with new physical and chemical features which constitute the study subject of a new scientific domain, the had-ron mechanics and hadron chemistry.
Practically, a gas or an aerosol passes through a reaction chamber where is generated a plasma with a strong electromagnetic field. The said electromagnetic field modifies the molecular and atomic orbits of the materials that pass through the said reaction chamber, such as hydrogen, any finely divided and aerosolized biomass material - wood, leafs, grass, straws, husks, chaff, paper, lignin, cellulose, starch, sugars, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, etc., bacterial cultures, ete., agricultural and marinE; liquid wastes, urban and farm sewage, all finely divided and aerosolized carbonaceous materials such as coals, peat, liquid wastes - automotive antifreeze and oil waste, cooking oil waste, solvents, toxic chemicals such as benzo-pyrenes, dioxin, PCBs and other pesticides, old oil from electricity transformers, industrial liquid wastes etc., food wastes, .fermentation processes wastes, liquids produced by food processing, e.g. as the residues coming from the pro-duction of olive oil, ete., as well as crude oil, gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, alcohols, or a mixture of different materials, such as crude oil and sea water, automotive oil and battery acid, etc., thus producing an electromagnecular gas composed mainly of hydrogen, car-bon and oxygen atoms, able to clean-burn and produce energy and a combustion effluent composed mainly of water, carbon dioxide and oxygen, the composition depending on the original material.
The plasma is created in the said reaction chamber by the electromagnetic field and the electric discharges generated by the peripheral electrons of atoms and molecules that have a high speed helicoidally shaped movement around a bar made of a material able to be magnetized. The bar fulfills the role of an electro-magnetic field amplifier. Thus, the reaction chamber can be a metal tube (2 to 3 millimeters internal diameter) helicoidally wrapped around the said bar. It can also be any other construction able to give the same helix movement to the particles, molecules and atoms treated, and generate a strong electromagnetic field and electric charges and discharges, as described in the next section. We may compare this process with the generation of an electromagnetic field in an iron bar around which is wrapped helicoidally a copper wire through which passes an electric current - the magnetic field is generated by the helix shaped displacement of the electrons around the iron bar. In a comparable way, the electromagnetic field of the plasma in the reactor is generated by the helix shaped displacement of excited peripheral electrons of atoms and molecules that pass at high speed. through the reaction chamber around the said bar. The more distant from the nucleus the electrons are, the easier they can pass from atoms and molecules to each-other and to the structures of the reaction chamber and the bar, and generate electric charges and discharges with sparkles, a strong electromagnetic field, and thus producing the plasma and an increase of the reaction chamber temperature. It is well known that peripheral electrons of atoms and molecules increase their distance from the nucleus with the increase of the temperature, and make easier the formation of electric charges. Therefore, the formation of the plasma is facilitated by the increase of the reaction chamber temperature and of the material that increase of the reaction chamber temperature and of the material that passes through it.
This is the reason why the reaction chamber and the gas or aerosol introduced in the reac-tion chamber are heated up to a specific temperature which may differ from a treated ma-terial to another or the results expected.
The electromagnetic field in the plasma and the electric discharges transform the electron clouds surrounding nuclei from their conventional distribution in all space directions into a doughnut shaped distribution (toroidal distribution), inside which the charged electrons rotate.
The basic notion underlying the electromagnecules is a property well known in atomic physicsl z, s, a, s, 6 according to which, when an atom is exposed to a sufficiently strong external magnetic field, the orbits of its peripheral electrons cannot be freely distributed in all space directions, and must acquire a toroidal distribution with consequential crea-tion of a new magnetic dipole moment North-South caused by the rotation of the electron charges in the toroidal distribution around the nucleus. This dipole is aligned along the symmetry axes of the toroidal distribution in such a way to have magnetic polarities op-posite to the external ones. The magnetic polarization of an atom also implies the polari-zation of the intrinsic magnetic moments of electrons and of nuclei. As a result, the elec-tromagnetic bonds between polarized atoms are actually composed of parallel attractive forces among opposite polarities. Atoms, radicals or molecules with toroidal polarization of their atomic orbits bond to each other in chains of opposing polarities North-South-North-South-, etc., resulting in the formation of clusters of electromagnecules. The prin-ciple here is similar to the magnetization of a piece of iron, which is also based on the polarization of the orbits of unbounded electrons. The creation of electromagnecules re-quires the application of the same principle to a gaseous substance. The calculations show that such an electromagnetic field is quite strong, it is about 1,415 times the value of the electromagnetic field of the proton (hydrogen nucleus). The verification of its numerical value as being 1,415 times the value of the proton electromagnetic moment was done by Kucherenko and Aringazin~' 8.
Therefore, the toroidal polarization of the orbits of peripheral atomic electrons creates an electromagnetic field strong enough to breakdown molecules and originate new chemical species.
To summarize, we should note that the atoms, molecules and tiny particles in a gaseous or aerosolized state that pass tlmough the reaction chamber at high speed with a helix tra-jectory given by the reaction chamber, first become charged with electrostatic electricity and generate an electro-magnetic field retained and amplified by the bar.
Next, they dis-charge themselves immediately by intermolecular attractions and collisions -they attract the atoms and molecules charged with opposite electrostatic charges and repulse the at-oms and molecules charged with the same electrostatic charges. Once the discharges happened, the atoms and molecules regain new electrostatic charges, and the process is repeated several times and amplified, until they exit the reaction chamber. At each dis-charge, a sparkle is produced, which contributes to the elevation of the internal energy and temperature, thus producing the plasma and the decomposition of the tiny particles and molecules into electro-magnetized atoms, radicals and molecules that form clusters, the electromagneeules.

g Once such new bonds of electro-magnetic nature are established, the resulting electro-magnecules rotate and vibrate as a hole, thus explaining that individual polarizations are unstable, while coupled polarization are stable at ordinary temperature;
although they admit a value of the temperature at which all magnetic effects cease to exist (called the Curie Temperature). The Curie temperature of the electromagnecules is generally given by the temperature of combustion, at which value all electromagnecules breakdown dur-ing the combustion.
The new electromagnetic chemical species called electromagnecules are clusters gener-ally composed of individual atoms, parts of conventional molecules (radicals or dimers) and ordinary molecules under a new internal bond originating from the electric and mag-netic polarizations of the orbits of at least some peripheral atomic electrons. Due to the dominance of magnetic over electric polarizations, electromagnecules are sometimes called magneculeS, nevertheless, the correct terminology shcjuld be electromagnecules.
The electromagnecules can be formed irrespective of whether the substance considered is diamagnetic or paramagnetic. This feature is important for the creation of hydrogen elec-tromagnecular species, in view of hydrogen's diamagnetic properties. More particularly, in the hydrogen molecule (HZ) the total magnetic field is zero because the two hydrogen (H) atoms have opposite directions of their magnetic fields. However, even though the hydrogen molecule cannot be magnetically polarized as a whole, its individual hydrogen atoms can acquire a magnetic polarization and experience electromagnecular bonds.
Electromagnetic polarizations are individually unstable because as soon as the external electromagnetic field is terminated, the conventional space distribution of the orbits is regained due to rotations and other motions caused by the internal and environmental thermo-energy. However, coupled opposing electromagnetic polarities of two or more atoms are stable because when the external electromagnetic field is removed, rotations and other motions due to the thermo-energy apply to the clusters of bonded atoms as a whole. As a result, electromagnecules are stable at under combustion temperatures and ordinary pressures. The resulting EMG has an electromagnecular structure constituted of clusters of individual H, C and O atoms, CH and OH radicals, single valence bonds C-O, double valence bonds C=O, and conventional molecules H2, with traces of 02, C02, H20 and other substances.
The fact that we are in presence of clusters of atoms bonded by electromagnetic forces and no more of molecules with valence bonds is very important; the electromagnetic bonds are weaker than the valence bonds, therefore permitting faster and easier chemical reactions, such as the combustion. The electromagnecules are of considerable environ-mental relevance, because they permit the production of gaseous fuels whose combustion effluent is clean and require no catalytic converters. This feature is due to the enhanced thermo-chemical reactions, as well as the capability of elianinating hydrocarbon chains in a gaseous fossil fuel in favor of clean burning electroma.gnecular clusters with specific weight and energy output, at least equal to those of the original hydrocarbon.
The electromagnecular specific weight is constant under conditions of constant pressure and temperature. The increased energy content of combustible gases with electromagne-cular structure (EMGs), which is released in the thermo-chemical reactions such as the combustion, is a consequence of the following new properties:

1. The presence in electromagnecules of individual uncoupled atoms which combine at the time of the combustion, thus releasing additional energy. For instance, the EMGs produced from liquids of fossil origin mixed with water have an energy content more than three times that predicted by quantum chemistry, because the electromagnecular clusters contain isolated H, C and O atoms which, at the time of the combustion re-combine according to the reactions:
H + H -~ H2 + 1 Q4 kcal/mol C + ~ -~ C~ + 255 kcal/mol 2H + %202 --~ H20 + 57 kcal/mol thus releasing additional energy which is completely absent in the equivalent conven-tional molecular gas where the presence of isolated atoms is inexistent.
2. Polarized atoms release energy in their thermo-chemical reactions in greater amount than the energy released by unpolarized atoms. If we consider, for instance, the water molecule H-O-H, the two individual H-O bonds have an angle of 104 degrees. The orbits of the two H-O bonds have a distribution which is perpendicular to the plane of the molecule H-O-H. This implies that, in order to become part of the water molecule, an H atom must first reduce its space distribution to a toroidal form, precisely as ex-isting in electromagnecules. Therefore, a polarized H atom releases more energy when bonding with oxygen as compared to the energy released by unpolaxized atoms, the excess energy being given by the energy needed for the polarization.

3. Magnetically polarized diatomic molecules with a sufficient number of electrons can acquire new internal bonds due to the electromagnetic polarization of non-valence electrons, with consequential additional energy storage. Since every atomic bond im-plies energy storage, this third feature constitutes a novel method for energy storage.
This technology concerns also the inert gases which, in this way can store energy (al-though this is not thenno-chemical energy).
As a result of these and other aspects, it then follows that combustible gases with elec-tromagnecular structure (EMGs) are definitely preferable to those with conventional mo-lecular structure.
Another remarkable property of the electromagnecular gases is their liquefaction at lower pressures and higher temperature, thus implying an additional reduction of costs. This property is due to the fact that electromagnecules tend to aggregate into bigger clusters with the increase of the pressure, in relation with their electromagnetic polarizations, which favors liquefaction. This feature is particularly pertinent in the liquefaction of the hydrogen, particularly difficult to obtain for the conventional hydrogen. This opens pos-sibilities of practical applications, such as in the automotive industry, which up to now presented technical difficulties and prohibitive costs.
It is evident that the same principles outlined above apply for other gases than hydrogen.
In fact, the processing of any gaseous fossil fuel via the principles here considered per-wits the increase of its specific weight as well as of its energy output, thus permitting a consequential decrease of storage volume, increase of performance and decrease of costs.
All these considerations conduct to the conclusion that:
1. the use of the apparatus and method for the production of a clean burning EMG with high performances, produced from renewable biomass sources, urban and farm sew-age and other hazardous wastes difficult until now to eliminate, solve major prob-lems - of pollution, and of a renewable and clean energy supply, with multiple appli-cations in the existing technology;
2. the apparatus and method can be used to eliminate all sorts of organic pollutants and toxic products, including hospital rejects, pesticides, carcinogens such as benzo-a-pyrene, PCBs, dioxin, industrial exhausts, battery acid, automotive antifreeze and oil waste, cooking oil waste, marine liquid wastes, solvents, accidental oil spillage on seas, oceans and shores, etc., with production of EMG;
3. the apparatus and method can be used to process crude oil into EMG, easier to trans-port and without the catastrophic risk of accidental pollution with crude oil;
EMG are lighter then the air, therefore in case of an accident it is evacuated in the high strato-sphere. Being composed mainly of atoms of hydrogen, oxygen and atomic carbon, it is much less noxious to the environment and atmosphere than oil and fossil gasses;

4. the apparatus and method can be used to process pure water and produce an EMG
composed of hydrogen and oxygen with very particular properties, still studied, but with very promising applications;

5. the use of the apparatus and method with internal combustion engines on vehicles, locomotives, airplanes, ships, agricultural machines, power generators, thermo-power plants, burners and heaters, etc., eliminate the pollution and allows a tremendous economy on fossil fuels with gain on power; this technology might be also of interest to the racing sports, such as racing cars, racing boats, etc.;

6. the injection of EMG as additive to a predominantly conventional hydrocarbon fuel for an internal-combustion engine can improve combustion of the fuel, reduce its con-tent of harmful, noxious, undesirable materials present in combustion effluent from such internal-combustion engine.

7. because of the electromagnetic properties, which introd~xce attraction and adhesion between atoms, radicals and molecules, the apparatus and method can be used to pro-duce EMG, itself useful as a fuel, and be supplied as an additive to traditional fuels and diminish the leakage through pipelines or gas containers. For example, the addi-tion of the EMG to a gas being transported through a pipeline, can safeguard the pipe-line from loss, as by physical leakage at joints, probes, valves, or other accessories mounted on the pipeline. The EMG used as additive can be obtained through the processing with the said equipment and method of the same gas or substance trans-ported in the pipeline;

8. the apparatus and method can be used for particular purposes in the industry, such as for the production of more reactive chemical products, e. g. electromagnecular oxy-gen, hydrogen, chlorine, nitrogen, etc.;

9. because the liquefaction of gases is obtained at higher temperatures and lower pres-sures, this technology is of high interest for the industry of liquefied gases, including gaseous fuels such as propane, butane, etc. (to which is possible to add EMG
obtained from the same gas), yielding essentially the same or higher power, and in the mean-while introducing a dramatic decrease of operating costs and dramatically eliminate pollution with combustion;
I0. the apparatus and method is expected to be relevant in the future for the production of liquefied hydrogen for internal combustion engines and in fuel cells with significant increase of voltage, power and efficiency; the use of liquefied electromagnecular hy-drogen and oxygen as fuels for rocket propulsion is expected to permit an increase of the payload, or a decrease of the boosters weight with the same payload;
11. the apparatus and method can be used for the production of EMG and fertilizers out of residential and farm sewage;
12. in the same idea, the apparatus and method can be used for the production of electro-magnecular water and nitrogen (as after a storm), recognized as particularly efficient for the growth of vegetal world, with no pollution and no harms for nature, therefore usable in organic agriculture;
13. the apparatus and method can be used for the production of an electromagnecular gas with applications in metal cutting and welding with advantages over the acetylene;
14. because of the high temperature developed by EMGs and their reductive properties, the apparatus and method can be used for the production of EMGs with applications in ores smelting;
15. the apparatus and method can be used for the production of alpha and beta silicone carbides, with applications in the fabrication of semiconductor devices or sensors, and in the fabrication of ceramic objects exposed to heavy rr~echanical stress and high temperatures, in the production of abrasives with 9.25 hardness degree (very close to the hardness of diamonds), in the production of gemstones (moissanite crystals, very hard to differentiate from diamond, are sold just slightly cheaper than jewelry quality diamonds), etc., known as applications of the silicon carbides. 'This enumeration does not exclude other applications of this material. At present the cereals husk is consid-ered as an agricultural waste. Burning has been the primary means of disposal.
Not only does burning create pollution problems but the extz~emely fine silica ash is also toxic for the lungs, and thus constitutes a health hazard. Even careful incineration procedures cannot completely eliminate this airborne silica. Thus, burning with its at-tendant problems of air pollution and ash disposal has proven to be an unsatisfactory solution. Fortunately, cereals husk contains the necessary carbon and silica, inti-mately dispersed, to provide a nearly ideal source material for production of silicon carbide (SiC).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It was underlined in the previous section that for the production of EMGs with this inven-tion, any gas or aerosol may be the prime source, and it must cross the reaction chamber at high speed with a helicoidally shaped trajectory around a bar able to generate and am-plify a strong electro-magnetic field, generate electric discharges with sparkles, and fi-nally produce a hot plasma which breaks down complex molecules, mainly into atoms that rearrange their peripheral electrons into a toroidal orbit, and thus become tiny elec-tromagnets able to attract each-other and form stabilized clusters called electromagne-cules, endowed with new and characteristic physical and chemical properties.
Some of these characteristics were described in the previous section; they are described by the hadronic physics and chemistry. One of these characteristics, not mentioned, is the odor of EMGs, which is slight, reminding a mixture of chive, young garlic and the air after a storm, containing ozone (03); this allows an easy recognition of EMGs.
To generate a high speed movement vector of the gas or aerosol through the reaction chamber, it is necessary to exert either a positive pressure at the entrance extremity of the reaction chamber or a negative pressure at the exit extremity. Both solutions work, but the experiments showed that in most cases a negative pressure (void) is more efficient.
Nevertheless, a positive pressure might be interesting in the applications where a produc-tion of an EMG with a molecular composition closer to the original source (where the molecules are less decomposed or less cracked) is desired. The pressure is generated by a pump or a compressor, and in the case of internal combustion engines a negative pressure can be exerted by the aspiration effect produced at the admission collector of the engine, where usually is mounted a carburetor or an injector and the air admission.
Referring to the drawings:
graphic 1 is a schematic view o.f basic construction of the reaction chamber and the bar which fulfills the role of an electro-magnetic field amplifier;
graphics 2, 3, 4, and 5 illustrate different possibilities of construction of the reaction chamber and the electro-magnetic field amplifier bar, different of t:he construction repre-sented in graphic 1;
graphic 6 is a schematic representation of a construction provided with a basic reaction chamber, the electro-magnetic field amplifier bar, and the thermo-exchanger chamber;
graphic 7 is a schematic representation of the construction able to supply constant rates of EMG flow. This is a Hadron Electro-magnetic Plasma Reactor or HEPLA Reactor;
graphic 8 illustrates a construction able to supply variable rates of EMG flow to engines demanding possibilities of acceleration and deceleration; this is a Hadron Electromag-netic Plasma Reactor with Variable flow or HEPLA-V Reactor, provided with a thermo-insulation box.
The characteristics of the reaction chamber are clue elements for the functionality of the invention.
The material for the construction of a reaction chamber might be stainless steel tube with a 2 millimeters inner diameter and a 4 millimeters outer diavaneter. The length of this tube is comprised between 2,200 millimeters and 2,900 millimeters, with a 2,500 millimeters average length that might give satisfactory results in most situations. This tube is wrapped around a stainless steel bar having 10 millimeters diameter and 255-300 milli-meters in length, as illustrated in graphic l, where 2 indicates the tube that forms the re-action chamber and 1 indicates the bar. With a 2,500 millimeters long and 4 millimeters outer diameter stainless steel tube, should be obtained about 66 turns around the bar, less if the tube was flattened during the coiling, flattening which might obstruct the tube, therefore to avoid.
Graphic 1 Because most of the situations introduce water, alcohols, a~~d other molecules rich in hy-drogen and oxygen into the reaction chamber, and because metals like nickel, platinum, wolfram, rhenium, their alloys and the stainless steel produce a catalytic effect on the decomposition of the water9 and the mentioned molecules into their components -hy-drogen and oxygen, etc., - these metals should be preferred for the construction of the reaction chamber, but other materials, like iron, steel, copper, ceramics, etc., may be used, nevertheless in most cases with less performances. A stronger catalytic effect is obtained when two, and even better three of these metals are used for the construction of the reaction chamber, as is depicted in graphics 2, 3, 4 and S.
r-:' ..._ Graphic 2 The bar I and the tape wrapped around it 3 are made of steel plated with nickel. The tube 4 in which the bar is inserted to form an equivalent of the tubular reaction chamber 2 de-picted in figure 1, is made of stainless steel.
We remark that in graphics 3 and 4 (graphic 4 is a detail of graphic 3) the tape 3 wrapped around the bar is interrupted for the most length of the bar. The constructions represented in graphics 2 and 3 allow the utilization of 3 different metals if the tape, for instance, is made with platinum, wolfram, or an alloy of rhenium, the bar with nickel, and the tube with stainless steel.
l Graphic 3 Graphic 4 The construction represented in graphics 3 and 4 works even bettf~r because of the pres-ence of 3 catalysts and because the gas or the aerosol once admitted into the reaction chamber have an initial helicoidally shaped trajectory, which is forced to continue in the same shape all along the reaction chamber, trajectory reinforced by the same shape wrapped tape at the exit of the reaction chamber. This third possibility has the advantage of an easier construction, and facilitates the formation of the plasma because all the spar-kles are generated in a unique space of interchanges. At each extremity of the reaction chamber the tape turns around the bar with a complete 360 degrees turn, the facing ends of the tape are spaced by about 5 millimeters (this may vary, according to the dimension of the apparatus, the prime source, the temperature and the speed):; the tape is 1 millime-ter thick and 1 to 1.5 millimeters large. The nickel plated bar 1 is 10 millimeters in di-ameter and the stainless steel tt#.be has a 12 millimeters inner diameter;
therefore it fits the diameter of the bar with the tape wrapped around it. The tape is fixed to the bar by each extremity, each penetrating into a hole drilled into the bar. If the tape is fixed to the bar prior to the nickel plating process, then the tape is practically like welded to the bar.
This is a typical reaction chamber capable to produce enough EMG to run a 2 to 6 liters capacity mufti-cylinders gasoline or diesel engine mounted on a vehicle, without loss of power.
Other possibilities for the construction of the reaction chamber exist, such as the disposi-tion of small wings around the bar, or variation of the transversal profile of the construc-tion, as depicted in graphic 5, where we can see a circular, a regular ellipsoidal, and a regular quadrilateral profile of the reaction chamber. Other regular, or irregular shapes can be obtained, such as triangular, trapezoidal, etc., we can imagine even a trefoil shape for the profile. All these profiles work, but the best results are obtained with the circular profile.

Graphic 5 We have seen that for better results in the production of EMGs, the peripheral electrons of the atoms composing the gas or aerosol that enter the reaction chamber should expand their distance from the nucleus, and this is obtained by an increase of the temperature.
For most molecules the results are tremendously amelioratE;d when the reaction chamber gains a temperature comprised between 100 and 500 Celsius degrees, the temperature may vary with the prime source. When the reaction chamber works accurately, its tem-perature is higher than the temperature of the heating source. This is in relation with the thermal energy released by the vplasma generated in the reacaion chamber. The heating source might be any heating source, such as an electrical resistance wrapped around the reaction chamber, a warmed fluid (gas or liquid), etc., that circulates in an enclosed space around the reaction chamber, the thermo-exchanger chamber 5 represented in graphic 6, made with a metal, preferably stainless steel. In most situations this chamber is warmed by the thermal energy present in the gas resulting from the combustion of the EMG gen-erated by the apparatus, and the reaction chamber can be disposed directly to the flame produced inside the furnace where the gas is burned. A particular situation is the initia-tion of the process, where the source might be EMG stored from a previous EMG
produc-tion, another combustible fuel, such as a conventional fossil combustion fuel, or electric-ity.
aeros Graphic 6 r '~ hod fluid out ' hot fluid in In some applications, since the fuel burning equipment involved will produce high tem-perature combustion effluents, in order to save energy, the combustion effluents from the fuel burning equipment are directed into the thermo-exchanger chamber 5, illustrated in graphic 5 by the two arrows indicating the entrance and the exit of the combustion efflu-ents. This will provide the elevation of the temperature in the reaction chamber 2.
For the same reason, the temperature of the gas or aerosol that represents the prime source for the reaction and the generation of EMG must be increased before its admission into the reaction chamber. This is to avoid a drop in the temperature of the reaction chamber, which might be passed through by a large amounl: of the prime source per sec-ond, and unbalance the optimum functionality of the apparatus. Also, for the formation of the aerosol with solid and liquid prime sources, a particular chamber for this operation is necessary. This is the aerosolization chamber 6, and for a gaseous prime source stored under pressure, is a detent chamber 6, illustrated in graphic 7.

tt fiiuid r fluid r r l~'t )~
Graphic 7 The aerosolization chamber 6 is made out of a metal, preferably a stainless steel tube able to support elevated pressures. It is coaxially introduced in another stainless steel tube of larger diameter; the extremities are closed by stainless steel plates, welded or fixed with bolts, in such way as to insure impermeability. Between the; walls of the coaxially assem-bled cylinders circulate hot fluid, with the purpose to elevate the temperature of the aero-sol or gas before admission into the reaction chamber 2. For gases, at the bottom of the chamber 6 there is a nozzle 7 connected to the prime source gas stored under pressure in a container (not represented). In this case the chamber 6 is a detent chamber.
For liquids, at the bottom of the chamber 6 there is the nozzle of a diesc;l injector 7 connected to a stainless steel tube 1,000 millimeters long and 5 to 7 millimeters inner diameter 8 able to support high pressures. This tube 8 is coiled around a stainless steel tube 9, and con-nected at the opposite extremity 18 to an inj actor pump (not illustrated), such as a diesel injector pump able to inject liquids at pressures superior to 237 atmospheres.
This will convert most liquids, including water, into a very thin moisture vapour, which once in the hot space of chamber 6 mixes with hot air introduced insidf; the chamber 6 through the stainless steel tubes 9 and 11, and thus becomes hot aerosol.. The stainless steel cylinder encloses the air that pass through the tubes 9 and 11 and the prime source that pass through the stainless steel tube 8, with the purpose to increase their temperature. The cir-culation of the hot fluid between cylinders 9 and 10 insures this scope. Valve I2 controls the volume of the air admitted in chamber 6 through the tubes 10, 9 and 10'.
Filter I3, is a 200 mesh stainless steel screen; it filters the aerosol. The particles larger than 200 mesh are rejected and return with the excess of the prime source injected into chamber 6, through the return fuel line I S connected to a pump (not illustrated), to the prime source container (not illustrated).
The bar 1 with the tube 2 helicoidally wrapped around it, or with the tape 3 wrapped around it plus the tube 4, constitute the basic device for the production of EMGs, this is a Hadron Electromagnetic Plasma Reactor, the HEPLA Reactor. Other elements are added to this basic device to insure the functionality; these other elements may vary, depending on the nature of the prime source to be processed and of the, scope.
In the case of a HEPLA Reactor constructed for engines where acceleration and decelera-tions are necessary, such as for vehicles, elevator chariots, agricultural engines, etc., some particular adaptations are necessary, illustrated in graphic 8. In this construction we have four additional elements to the previous constnzction: a second reaction chamber of smaller dimensions that may be called steady state reaction chamber 2', a particular shaped screw at its entrance extremity that may be called steady state tuning screw I7, an acceleration valve 16 disposed at the admission extremity of the main reaction chamber 2, which in this construction becomes the acceleration reaction chamber, and an insula-tion box 23, intended to maintain a high temperature of the whale device.
Because this construction allows a variation of the volume of EMG produced, it may be called Hadron Electromagnetic Plasma Variable Reactor, the HEPLA-V Reactor. The box 23 is made of a material able to resist to increased temperatures, such as special plastic materials or metals and alloys, insulated with a material also resistant to~ high temperatures, e.g. min-eral wool.
Another particularity of this construction is the valve I2 which controls the air admission, which is an electro-valve commanded electronically in parallel with the acceleration valve 16 and the injection pump connected to the tube 8 at its end 18. Thus, at the steady state position the reaction chamber 2 is closed by the acceleration valve 16, and the air admission controlled by the electro-valve 12 is closed to admit a minimum amount of air mixed to a corresponding injected amount of prime source, to form an aerosol containing between 1:1 air/prime source, to maximum 5: I air/prirne source, with prime sources reach in water. These same proportions are to be maintained during the acceleration proc-ess.

~C~
fii~id fnid y '2 Graphic 8 This is a much smaller amount of air needed for the combustion than the proportions needed with traditional carburant fuels. The proportions air/gasolioze or air diesel fuel is normally around 14:1. Decreased need in air is because the water firings the oxygen nec-essary to the combustion of the hydrogen formed in the ElVIG, and because the large amounts of water vapors formed during the combustion limits the amount of carbona-ceous molecules, therefore the need in atmospheric oxygen. Less air means less heat loss in the reaction chamber and less pollution with nitrogen oxides (NOx) formed during a normal combustion at high temperatures between the atmo spheric nitrogen and oxygen.
The amount of water (w) mixed to the carbonaceous molecules (curb.) should be com-prised between 30%/~0%, to 80%/20% w/carb, with ideal proportions of 50%/50%, de-pending on the fluidity and the nature of the carbonaceous smatter. If the carbonaceous molecules are traditional fossil fuels, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, etc., then the vehicle needs an additional tanl~ for water and an emulsification chamber (not illustrated).
The mixture is formed in the emulsification chamber connected to both tanks (e.g. gaso-line tank and water tank) and to the inj ection pump; in this situation the return line 15 and the return line pump are connected to the emulsification chamber. The proportion of the mixture formed in the emulsification chamber is controlled by two valves (not illus-trated), one for each tank.
When the engine is running at a steady state regime, the velocity e~f the aerosol admitted in the reaction chamber 2 is low, and in most situations it does nod: attain the conditions to generate EMG. Therefore, the solution in this condition is that the engine runs on a smaller reaction chamber 2', while the main reaction chamber 2 is closed. In acceleration conditions the regime of the engine increases, the negative pressure increases also, and the velocity of the gases admitted in the reaction chamber 2, opened now, is high enough to insure the generation of higher amounts of EMG. This allows the engine to operate at different regimes and power, controlled by the acceleration level operated through valve 16, air admission valve 12 and the injection pump controlled electronically that injects fuel through the tube 8, up to full regime and power of the engine.
When 100% classic fossil fuels run through the reactions chamber, their molecules are cracked and decomposed into elementary electro-magnetized atoms, which form a perfect clean-burning EMG, constituting an ideal fuel for any kind of internal combustion en-gine. Thus, a gasoline car on which is installed a HEPLA-V' Reactor can run on diesel oil, kerosene and even crude oil without any inconvenient, nor need of catalytic installation, because the combustion effluent gas is clean. This is because of a complete combustion inside the cylinders of the engine, due to the particular properties of EMGs.
In the same way, a diesel engine can run on gasoline, kerosene, alcohols, crude oil, solvents, engine oil, cooling liquid, without any inconvenient or damage, with clean non pollutant com-bustion effluents, nevertheless containing some NOx. This is becarzse the amount of air is increased in absence of water and other molecules rich in oxygen. Since the amount of air is increased, more nitrogen is admitted inside the engine, and some NOx are formed, nevertheless in smaller amounts than in the classic engines, this is because the tempera-ture of the engine is lower than it is in classic combustion. The higher need in air (about 9 to 12:1) introduces the need to install a radiator warmed by the cooling circuit of the en-gine (about 90° C). In this case the air admitted into the tube 10 at the connection 22 passes previously through a box that encloses the radiator, thus elevating the temperature of the air prior to its mixture in chamber 6 with the injected fuel.
There is also the possibility to run through the HEPLA-V Reactor 100% water, with for-mation of EMG composed of hydrogen, oxygen, OH radicals and ;Dome traces of molecu-lar water. Because this combustible fuel implodes instead of exploding during the com-bustion, and because the engines are not constructed to run on such a carburant, and oxi-dation of different parts of the engine, this EMG should be inj ected as additive directly into the air admission of the engine which continues to run as usually, on gasoline or die-sel fuel. The advantage is an increase in power, a clean combustion effluent, up to 50%
carburant economy, lower temperature in the engine, cleaner oil, a:nd a three to four times increased mileage durability of the engine.
Yet, another possibility is to mount a HEPLA Reactor, which transforms a mixture of fossil fuel with water in the 50:50 proportions, on a vehicle running on gas.
In this condi-tion the EMG formed is pumped directly into the gas container. Its functioning is inter-rupted when the pressure attains the desired level. It runs at the maximum capacity of the pump and douse not need to insure acceleration; it maintains a high level of gas inside the gas container, up to the choose pressure in the tank. The interest of this installation is that this vehicle can run on EMG, with the advantages described, and i-.~ the same time use any kind of fuel - gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, crude oil, ethanol, methanol, etc., and water. This vehicle runs 100% of the time, including at cold, on the EMG
stored in the gas tank.
Other important applications of the HEPLA Reactor are the processing of toxic sub-stances, sewage and other unwanted sub-products, production of EMGs burned inside a furnace, such as for heating and production of warm water f:or a house, collective build-ings, hotels, hospitals, schools, etc., in different industrial applications where furnaces running on fossil combustible fuels are needed, etc.

The processing capacity of the HEPLA Reactor may vary tremendously in these applica-tions, but generally they need very large quantities of prime source to be processed.
Therefore the solution is the utilization of one, two, or several parallel reactors of larger dimensions.
For the construction of a large reaction chamber, as needed to run a multi-megawatt elec-trical power plant, or the furnace of a metal processing activity, some adaptations are necessary; nevertheless the principle remains the same. In this case, if desired, the bar l, the tape or wings 3 and the tube 4 can be constructed with a material lighter and more resistant to high temperatures than iron or steel; in all applications it must resist to the temperature of the furnace. This can be SiC or other ceramics, etc. The space between the bar 1 and the tube 4 remains a space comprised between 0.8 and 2 millimeters.
Because the diameter of this annular space is large, its surface is much larger, therefore the vol-ume of the aerosol admitted inside the reaction chamber is increased, and consequently the volume of the EMG produced.
In the case of the processing of coals, coal dust, wood chips, sawdust, or other solid prime sources, there are three solutions:
1 ) the prime source is reduced into very fine particles able to form an aerosol; the equipment for this processing exist already on the market; the dust is subsequently dispersed in a chamber of aerosolization, where it is mixed with aerosolized water and air and subsequently admitted into the reaction chamber;
2) the prime source is grinded in small fragments and subsequently homogenized with water and form a liquid that can be injected into the aerosolization chamber, where mixed to the adequate amount of air forms an aerosol admitted into the re-action chamber;
3) the prime source is enclosed into a pyrolysis chamber; the gases formed during the pyrolysis, including water vapors, are then directed into the aerosolization chamber 6, and next into the reaction chamber either pure, or mixed with water aerosol and air, etc.
In the processing of liquid pollutants, such as crude oil mixed with sea water, the prime source is pre-warmed and injected into the aerosolization chamber, and processed as al-ready described.
In the processing of toxic substances, analytic tests must be done to verify that the toxic prime source is totally decomposed into non toxic compounds. If the first processing is not efficient, then two or three I-IEPLA Reactors can be serially mounted, and the tem-perature of the reaction chamber be increased, until obtaining good results.
The processing of urban sewage and farming sewage may demand the processing of huge amounts of prime source. This can be ensured by one very large HEPLA Reactor or by several reactors working in parallel. These are liquids containing large amounts of water, and they must be prepared for aerosolization. This can be classified in two modalities of processing:
1) total processing, where the whole quantity of the sewage is transformed into EMG;
2) paxtial quantity processed in EMG, the rest being processed to produce a decon-taminated liquid or solid fertilizers and decontaminated irrigation water.

The sewage must be reduced into small particles, and the liiqui:d prepared for the produc-tion of EMG must be homogenized and diluted to the adequate consistency necessary for aerosolization. The thermo-exchanger chamber 5 in this installation is a furnace where a part of the EMG is burned to increase the temperature of the reaction chamber 2. The rest of the EMG produced is stored in pressurized containers, and if needed, a part of the EMG can be used to run other engines, necessary for the functioning of the recycling station, such as the engine or the turbine of an electricity generator, the engine of a grinder, etc. The EMG can be used for other utilizations, such as for the production of electricity for the urban community, for common transportation means such as buses, for the needs of communal buildings such as heating of schools, hospitals, etc., or sold.
In the case of a partial processing of the sewage, the rest of the fine grinded sewage that is not processed into EMG is pumped through coiled tubes that form heat exchangers, mounted in the same furnace with the HEPLA Reactor. Thus, bacteria, viruses and other biologic materials are decontaminated by the high temperature of the furnace.
Once the decontamination finished, The processed liquid is cooled, its energy can be used to pro-duce water vapors and feed other devices, such as heaters, turbines, etc. The cooled liquid obtained is a fertilizer; it is either used as such, or concentrated by continual centrifuga-tion up to the desired concentration, which might be solid dried fertilizer, and the water obtained after the elimination of the solid suspensions by centrifugation and filtration can be used as irrigation water or further processed through filters and reverse osmosis mem-branes until is obtained good quality water for domestic, farming or industrial utiliza-tions. All this processing is done in closed installations, therefore without bad odors and fumes characteristic of recycling stations.
Because the temperature of the EMG flame can be higher than the temperature of acety-lene, EMGs can be used for smelting of ores and for metal cutting and welding torches.
Also, the production of SiC demands high temperatures; here the HEPLA Reactor finds a new application.
Because the smelting process demands high temperatures a.nd reducing agents, the EMGs are ideal fuels, because they fulfill perfectly these conditions. A HEPLA
Reactor con-structed with SiC could even be introduced inside the smelting fur~zace.
For the production of an EMG used for metal cutting and welding torches, a small port-able HEPLA Reactor can be constructed. For this construction, we use the HEPLA
Reac-tor illustrated in graphic 7, provided with a gas burner, a small low pressure compression tank for gases, a pump able to create a negative pressure inside the reactive chamber and compress the EMG inside the storage gas tank provided with a gas absorbent material such as palladium, a tank for water, a diesel injection pump., and a :pump that directs the hot combustion gas from the burner into the thermo-exchanger chamber and the rest of the heating circuit of chamber 6 and the one formed by the cylinder 11. The gas burner uses a part of the EMG generated by the reactor, and the combustion gases are pumped into the hot fluid in admission tube 20. In this construction the fuel is water, which is decomposed into electromagnecular hydrogen aaad oxygen. As described in United States patents 4U14777 and 4U81f~56, this fuel can be stored without danger of auto-combustion. This gas is a mixture of electro-magnetized hydrogen and oxygen atoms (EMG-HO), and it contains at least 218 more calories per gram mole than the molecular counterpart, which represent an important increase of energy liberated during the com-bustion of this EMG-HO gas. Thus, this gas can be used with the advantages described in United States patents 4014777 and 408:1656, for welding and metal cutting operations.
A particular situation is the first utilization, when the gas tank is filled with a combustible gas able to increase the temperature of the reaction chamber.
The combustion of EMG-HO does not produce toxic fumes, as is the case with acetylene, it produces just water vapors. Eecause its weight is inferior to the weight of the air, the EMG-HO disperses going up, and does not accumulate down in the local where there is human activity, which constitutes a dangerous zone. Also, 'this is not a toxic gas, as acety-lene or other combustible gases used for welding and metal cutting.
For the production of electromagnecular hydrogen, a gas much easier to liquefy than mo-lecular hydrogen, a HEPLA Reactor can be used to process pure molecular hydrogen into the magnecular form. In this reactor the gas is introduced into a modified detent chamber 6, where the admission of air 10, 9 and 10', and the return line 15 are absent. The pre-warmed molecular hydrogen is admitted into the reaction clhamber where it is processed into magnecular hydrogen. Once cooled, the electromagnecular hydrogen can be pumped and liquefied in special high pressure resistant containers, a.t pressures superior to 300 atmospheres.
The same process can be done with oxygen and any other gas, to generate pure atomic clustered EMGs, for different applications.
~ Sokolov A.A., Ternov LbL, and Zhukovskii V.Ch. - Quantum mechanics, Nauka, Moscow, (1979).
2 L.D. Landau and E.M. Liishitz, Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory, 3rd ed., Pergamon, Ox-ford, (1989).
3 H. Ruder, G. Wunner, H. Herold, F. Geyer, Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, (1994).
4 B.B. Kadomtsev and V.S. Kudryavtsev, JETP 13 42 (1971).
B.B. Kadomtsev and V.S. Kudryavtsev, JETP Lett. 13 9 (1971).
6 B.B. Kadomtsev, Soviet Phys. JETP 31 945 (1970).
~ Kucherenko M.G. and Aringazin A.K. -Hadronic Journal 21, 895 (1998).
$ Aringazin A.K. -Hadronic Journal 24 (2001).
9 United States patent 5,150,114; Gunnerman; Rudolf W. October 20, 1992,

Claims (16)

1. a new invention of an apparatus and a method for the production of electro-magnetized atoms and molecules with physical and chemical properties and higher internal energy, described in the section "DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE IN-VENTION".

2. the use of the apparatus and method for the production of a clean burning EMG with high performances, produced from renewable biomass sources, urban and farm sew-age and other hazardous wastes difficult until now to eliminate, solve major prob-lems ~ of pollution, and of a renewable and clean energy supply, with multiple appli-cations in the existing technology;

3. the apparatus and method can be used to eliminate all sorts of organic pollutants and toxic products, including hospital rejects, pesticides, carcinogens such as benzo-a-pyrene, PCBs, dioxin, industrial exhausts, battery acid, automotive antifreeze and oil waste, cooking oil waste, marine liquid wastes, solvents, accidental oil spillage on seas, oceans and shores, etc., with production of EMG;

4. the apparatus and method can be used to process crude oil into EMG, easier to trans-port and without the catastrophic risk of accidental pollution with crude oil;
EMG axe lighter then the air, therefore in case of an accident it is evacuated in the high strato-sphere. Being composed mainly of atoms of hydrogen, oxygen and atomic carbon, it is much less noxious to the environment and atmosphere than oil and fossil gasses;

5. the apparatus and method can be used to process pure water and produce an EMG
composed of hydrogen and oxygen (EMG-HO), with very particular properties, still studied, but with very promising applications; one of these applications is in metals welding and metals cutting. EMG-HO provides a hotter flame than atomic hydrogen.

6. the use of the apparatus and method with internal combustion engines on vehicles, locomotives, airplanes, ships, agricultural machines, power generators, thermo-power plants, burners and heaters, etc., eliminate the pollution and allows a tremendous economy on fossil fuels with gain on power; this technology might be also of interest to the racing sports, such as racing cars, racing boats, etc.;

7. the injection of EMG as additive to a predominantly conventional hydrocarbon fuel for an internal-combustion engine can improve combustion of the fuel, reduce its con-tent of harmful, noxious, undesirable materials present in combustion effluent from such internal-combustion engine.

8. because of the electromagnetic properties, which introduce attraction and adhesion between atoms, radicals and molecules, the apparatus and method can be used to pro-duce EMG, itself useful as a fuel, and be supplied as an additive to traditional fuels and diminish the leakage through pipelines or gas containers. For example, the addi-tion of the EMG to a gas being transported through a pipeline, can safeguard the pipe-line from loss, as by physical leakage at joints, probes, valves, or other accessories mounted on the pipeline. The EMG used as additive can be obtained through the processing with the said equipment and method of the same gas or substance trans-ported in the pipeline;

9. the apparatus and method can be used for particular purposes in the industry, such as for the production of more reactive chemical products, e. g. electromagnecular oxy-gen, hydrogen, chlorine, nitrogen, etc.;

10. because the liquefaction of gases is obtained at higher temperatures and lower pres-sures, this technology is of high interest for the industry of liquefied gases, including gaseous fuels such as propane, butane, etc. (to which is possible to add EMG
obtained from the same gas), yielding essentially the same or higher power, and in the mean-while introducing a dramatic decrease of operating costs and dramatically eliminate pollution with combustion;

11. the apparatus and method is expected to be relevant in the future for the production of liquefied hydrogen for internal combustion engines and in fuel cells with significant increase of voltage, power and efficiency; the use of liquefied electromagnecular hy-drogen and oxygen as fuels for rocket propulsion is expected to permit an increase of the payload, or a decrease of the boosters weight with the same payload;

12. the apparatus and method can be used for the production of EMG and fertilizers out of residential and farm sewage;

13. in the same idea, the apparatus and method can be used for the production of electro-magnecular water and nitrogen (as after a storm), recognized as particularly efficient for the growth of vegetal world, with no pollution and no harms fox nature, therefore usable in organic agriculture;

14. the apparatus and method can be used for the production of an electromagnecular gas with applications in metal cutting and welding with advantages over the acetylene;

15. because of the high temperature developed by EMGs arid their reductive properties, the apparatus and method can be used for the production of EMGs with applications in ores smelting;

16. the apparatus and method can be used for the production of alpha and beta silicone carbides, with applications in the fabrication of semiconductor devices or sensors, and in the fabrication of ceramic objects exposed to heavy mechanical stress and high temperatures, in the production of abrasives with 9.25 hardness degree (very close to the hardness of diamonds), in the production of gemstones (moissanite crystals, very hard to differentiate from diamond, are sold just slightly cheaper than jewelry quality diamonds), etc., known as applications of the silicon carbides. This enumeration does not exclude other applications of this material. At present the cereals husk is consid-ered as an agricultural waste. Burning has been the primary means of disposal.
Not only does burning create pollution problems but the extremely one silica ash is also toxic for the lungs, and thus constitutes a health hazard. Even careful incineration procedures cannot completely eliminate this airborne silica. Thus, burning with its at-tendant problems of air pollution and ash disposal has proven to be an unsatisfactory solution. Fortunately, cereals husk contains the necessary carbon and silica, inti-mately dispersed, to provide a nearly ideal source material for production of silicon carbide (SiC).