CA2432610A1 - Method and apparatus for reading post codes of addresses on mail - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for reading post codes of addresses on mail Download PDFInfo
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- CA2432610A1 CA2432610A1 CA002432610A CA2432610A CA2432610A1 CA 2432610 A1 CA2432610 A1 CA 2432610A1 CA 002432610 A CA002432610 A CA 002432610A CA 2432610 A CA2432610 A CA 2432610A CA 2432610 A1 CA2432610 A1 CA 2432610A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/98—Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human intervention; Evaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns
- G06V10/987—Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human intervention; Evaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns with the intervention of an operator
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- Character Discrimination (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for reading postal codes of addresses on postal articles, in which the postal code (300) designates the address up to the portion of a major street or of a number of minor streets. When addresses could not be clearly read during a first reading attempt (310 ) in the OCR unit (130), the postal code is first of all divided into a part that roughly depicts the address and into a part that depicts the address mo re precisely. The corresponding liknesses of the postal article surfaces to the se addresses are then transmitted to the video coding stations (200) where only the parts of the postal codes (300) that roughly depict the addresses are video-coded (320) by operators provided therefor and are transmitted to additional video coding stations (200) where the remaining postal codes (300 ) that depict the addresses more precisely are asynchronously video-coded (330 ) by operators provided therefor. Afterwards, the buffered, video-coded postal code parts, which respectively pertain to a particular postal article, are combined (340) to form a complete, video-coded postal code.
Description
s Description Method and apparatus for reading post codes of addresses on mail The invention relates to a method and an apparatus as claimed in the precharacterizing clauses of the independent patent claims.
Systems for automatically reading addresses (OCR) are well known in the field of letter processing and are described, for example, in DE 195 31 392. Modern OCR
letter sorting systems can achieve processing rates of 10 letters per second, that is to say 36 000 letters per hour, or more. However, the identification reliability varies sharply with the type of writing and the overall quality of the address information applied to the surface of the letters. If identified successfully, the relevant letter can be provided with a machine-legible bar code. This bar code allows further machine processing down to any desired sorting level. In particular, the use of bar codes allows the letters to be sorted down to the individual post round sorting level, in which letters are sorted on the basis of the sequence of their distribution by the postman.
Since the identification rates of automatic reading systems vary widely, they must be assisted by various forms of manual intervention.
In this case, the entered address is coded and is converted by means of a directory to a machine-legible sorting bar code, which is applied to the mail item.
In this case video images of the mail items are provided to operators for coding, in video coding systems. This may be done online and offline. In the GR 2000P23858 - la -case of online video coding systems (OVS), the video image is shown to the operator, while the physical mail item is held in delay sections. In these delay sections, the mail item is normally stopped in its movement for a time period which is sufficient for the OVS operator to enter the necessary sorting information for the relevant image. The normal delay sections allow a delay of between 10 and 30 seconds. The longer the delay section, the greater are the costs and the requirements for maintenance, and the physical size of the system.
When using OVS, the available time is frequently sufficient only for one careful input of the post code ( PK) .
In the case of offline coding systems, such as those described in US Patent Specification 49 92 649, mail items with unidentified addresses are provided with additional information, a tracking identification (TID). The unidentified mail items are stored externally, while the images of these mail items are presented to operators for coding, without there being any time restrictions. The mail items are then passed over TID readers. The TID is linked to the entered address information. Based on this, conventional bar code sorting information can also be applied to the mail item, so that the relevant mail item can be processed in the same way as normal OCR-read mail items. Although the offline video coding method represents an effective method for coding all the components of the address, it requires additional capacity for the further processing of mail items which are provided with addresses that have not been read, and demands appropriately complex logistics.
In the case of post codes with six or more characters which describe the address down to the road or to a number of small roads, the input for the video coding process is made using the left and right hands.
The invention as specified in claims 1 and 11 is based on the object of shortening the video coding process for reading a post code, which is not identified uniquely by an OCR unit, in a mail address which identifies the address at least down to the road.
This is achieved by subdividing the post code into a part which describes the address roughly and a remaining part which describes the address in more detail in each case. Each part is video-coded by operators provided for this part. After one failed attempt by the OCR unit to read the respective address, the left-hand part of the post code, which describes the address roughly, is video-coded at an appropriate video coding location and, asynchronously thereto, the remaining right-hand part of the post code, which describes the address in more detail, is video-coded at an appropriate video coding location.
After this, the buffer-stored and video-coded post code parts which are associated with the respective mail item or image are joined together to form a complete, video-coded post code.
The time for video coding of each part of the post code is in this case shorter than if the post code had been video-coded in total by one operator, since each operator has to enter only some of the symbols.
Advantageous refinements of the invention are described in the dependent claims.
It is advantageous if that part of the post code which describes the address roughly identifies the destination area, and that part of the post code which describes the address in more detail identifies the road, a part of the road in the case of long roads, or a number of small roads.
~ GR 2000P23858 - 4 -In a further advantageous embodiment, the video-coded post code elements can be associated with the respective mail items or with their images on the basis of identification numbers.
For this purpose, it is advantageous to apply the identification numbers to the mail items and to read them together with the addresses, in which case it is particularly advantageous to apply the identification numbers such that they are machine-legible, in particular in the form of a bar code.
It is also advantageous to store the recorded images of the mail surfaces under identification numbers.
In order to increase the coding rate, it is advantageous to use a preview coding method in which images of a number of mail items that follow one another are displayed on the screen at the same time.
In order to check the result of the video coding process, it is advantageous to supply the entire coding result from the OCR unit to a second reading attempt, including the coding result. The confirmation is then produced on the basis of the address data bank, in this case.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the following text with reference to the drawings of one exemplary embodiment, in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of an apparatus for reading post codes, Figure 2 shows the method sequence on the basis of a flowchart.
GR 2000P23858 - 4a -Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a letter distribution system by means of which the method according to the invention can be carried out . The OCR
letter sorter 100 comprises a feed device 110, which draws successive mail items from a magazine and transports them at a rate of about 10 mail items per second to a high-resolution video scanner 120. The mail items are then transported in a delay section 121. The mail items normally have address information on their surface. The address information from the images of the mail items, as obtained by the video scanner 120, is then evaluated in an OCR unit 130. If complete evaluation is carried out, a bar code printer 150 is actuated, and the mail item is provided with an appropriate bar code for subsequent sorting into sorting compartments 160. The OCR unit 130 comprises one or more microprocessors 131 with an associated memory 132 , in order to store images of the mail items . The OCR unit also contains an address data bank 134 with post codes, town names and road names, and possibly with other address-related information.
During the evaluation of images which have address information, a feature-controlled reduction of the entry obtained from the address databank 134 is carried out, so that a sort of dictionary element is produced.
Credibility levels are in this case allocated in individual entries, so that a number of data items of correctly identified addresses are produced during the evaluation process. The apparatus also contains an image controller 170 as well as a number of video coding locations 200, which are connected to the image controller 170 directly or by means of a local area network (LAN) 171. If the OCR evaluation of an image was not, that is to say, completely successful, this image is transferred from the OCR unit 130 to the image controller 170, which firstly controls the TID bar code printer 151 and secondly sends the appropriate image to one of the video coding locations 200. The TID bar code printer 151 applies an identification code TID to the corresponding mail item, which identification code TID
makes it possible to subsequently link the evaluated GR 2000P23783 - 5a-address information with the physical mail item. The images are in this case preferably evaluated offline, although, in principle, online evaluation by means of video coding is also possible, provided the delay time is sufficiently long.
In the latter case, the TID may also be applied to the mail items at a later time, that is to say when the video coding has not led to complete evaluation within a specific, predetermined time.
In order to carry out the method as described in more detail in the following text, the image controller 170 is designed such that the images are transmitted with address information which has not been read uniquely by the OCR unit 130 to in each case two video coding locations, at each of which only a part of the post code is video-coded, and such that the coded post code parts of the relevant image are combined once again, after buffer-storage, to form a complete post code.
The recorded and stored image of the respective mail item with the address, containing a post code 300 which identifies the destination area and the road, the part of a road in the case of long roads or a number of small roads, is supplied to the OCR unit 130 for a first automatic reading attempt. This post code 300 is in this example a six-character code in canonic form with a sequential character sequence ANA NAN, where A
is a letter (alphabetic character) and N is a number (numerical character).
The specific embodiment of the post code is, of course, not restricted to this example.
If the address can be read uniquely in the OCR unit 130 in the first reading attempt 310, the identification task is complete. If not, the image together with the post code 300 is transferred to a video coding location 200 for video coding of the left-hand ANA part, which characterizes the destination area, at which video GR 2000P23783 - 6a -coding location 200 an operator for the left-hand post code parts video-codes 320 the left-hand ANA part. To do this, the left-hand part of the post code can be especially identified on the screen at the video coding location 200 for example by a colored background or by a boundary, as shown in Figure 2. The coding result is then transferred to the image controller 170.
Furthermore, the image is transmitted with the post code, for video coding of the right-hand NAN part which characterizes the roads, to a further video coding location 200, at which a responsible operator video-codes 330 the right-hand NAN part asynchronously with respect to the left-hand NAN part. In this case as well, that part of the post code which is to be coded is advantageously identified on the screen. The result of the video coding is then likewise transmitted to the image controller 170. In the image controller 170, the coding results are buffer-stored under an identification number for the respective image, and are combined 340 to form a complete video-coded post code, with the image controller 170 being informed during the transmission of the coding results as to what part (rough or more detailed descriptive) this is, so that the combination can be carried out in the correct position. The complete video-coded post code is then transmitted to the OCR unit 130 for a third reading attempt 350. Since this reading attempt 350 is now carried out with the entire entered post code, the object of the OCR unit 130 in this case is to compare the post code with the content of the address databank, and possibly with the other address parts that have been read, and to validate whether the post code 300 has been entered correctly.
By splitting the post code 300 into two parts, which are video-coded separately, and by the linking with the OCR reading process, this results in the following advantages:
1. The shorter sequence of characters to be coded for an operator (video coding location) results in a very much lower error rate and makes the preview GR 2000P23783 - 7a -coding process simpler, during which the address images of a number of mail items following one another are displayed at the same time.
Systems for automatically reading addresses (OCR) are well known in the field of letter processing and are described, for example, in DE 195 31 392. Modern OCR
letter sorting systems can achieve processing rates of 10 letters per second, that is to say 36 000 letters per hour, or more. However, the identification reliability varies sharply with the type of writing and the overall quality of the address information applied to the surface of the letters. If identified successfully, the relevant letter can be provided with a machine-legible bar code. This bar code allows further machine processing down to any desired sorting level. In particular, the use of bar codes allows the letters to be sorted down to the individual post round sorting level, in which letters are sorted on the basis of the sequence of their distribution by the postman.
Since the identification rates of automatic reading systems vary widely, they must be assisted by various forms of manual intervention.
In this case, the entered address is coded and is converted by means of a directory to a machine-legible sorting bar code, which is applied to the mail item.
In this case video images of the mail items are provided to operators for coding, in video coding systems. This may be done online and offline. In the GR 2000P23858 - la -case of online video coding systems (OVS), the video image is shown to the operator, while the physical mail item is held in delay sections. In these delay sections, the mail item is normally stopped in its movement for a time period which is sufficient for the OVS operator to enter the necessary sorting information for the relevant image. The normal delay sections allow a delay of between 10 and 30 seconds. The longer the delay section, the greater are the costs and the requirements for maintenance, and the physical size of the system.
When using OVS, the available time is frequently sufficient only for one careful input of the post code ( PK) .
In the case of offline coding systems, such as those described in US Patent Specification 49 92 649, mail items with unidentified addresses are provided with additional information, a tracking identification (TID). The unidentified mail items are stored externally, while the images of these mail items are presented to operators for coding, without there being any time restrictions. The mail items are then passed over TID readers. The TID is linked to the entered address information. Based on this, conventional bar code sorting information can also be applied to the mail item, so that the relevant mail item can be processed in the same way as normal OCR-read mail items. Although the offline video coding method represents an effective method for coding all the components of the address, it requires additional capacity for the further processing of mail items which are provided with addresses that have not been read, and demands appropriately complex logistics.
In the case of post codes with six or more characters which describe the address down to the road or to a number of small roads, the input for the video coding process is made using the left and right hands.
The invention as specified in claims 1 and 11 is based on the object of shortening the video coding process for reading a post code, which is not identified uniquely by an OCR unit, in a mail address which identifies the address at least down to the road.
This is achieved by subdividing the post code into a part which describes the address roughly and a remaining part which describes the address in more detail in each case. Each part is video-coded by operators provided for this part. After one failed attempt by the OCR unit to read the respective address, the left-hand part of the post code, which describes the address roughly, is video-coded at an appropriate video coding location and, asynchronously thereto, the remaining right-hand part of the post code, which describes the address in more detail, is video-coded at an appropriate video coding location.
After this, the buffer-stored and video-coded post code parts which are associated with the respective mail item or image are joined together to form a complete, video-coded post code.
The time for video coding of each part of the post code is in this case shorter than if the post code had been video-coded in total by one operator, since each operator has to enter only some of the symbols.
Advantageous refinements of the invention are described in the dependent claims.
It is advantageous if that part of the post code which describes the address roughly identifies the destination area, and that part of the post code which describes the address in more detail identifies the road, a part of the road in the case of long roads, or a number of small roads.
~ GR 2000P23858 - 4 -In a further advantageous embodiment, the video-coded post code elements can be associated with the respective mail items or with their images on the basis of identification numbers.
For this purpose, it is advantageous to apply the identification numbers to the mail items and to read them together with the addresses, in which case it is particularly advantageous to apply the identification numbers such that they are machine-legible, in particular in the form of a bar code.
It is also advantageous to store the recorded images of the mail surfaces under identification numbers.
In order to increase the coding rate, it is advantageous to use a preview coding method in which images of a number of mail items that follow one another are displayed on the screen at the same time.
In order to check the result of the video coding process, it is advantageous to supply the entire coding result from the OCR unit to a second reading attempt, including the coding result. The confirmation is then produced on the basis of the address data bank, in this case.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the following text with reference to the drawings of one exemplary embodiment, in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of an apparatus for reading post codes, Figure 2 shows the method sequence on the basis of a flowchart.
GR 2000P23858 - 4a -Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a letter distribution system by means of which the method according to the invention can be carried out . The OCR
letter sorter 100 comprises a feed device 110, which draws successive mail items from a magazine and transports them at a rate of about 10 mail items per second to a high-resolution video scanner 120. The mail items are then transported in a delay section 121. The mail items normally have address information on their surface. The address information from the images of the mail items, as obtained by the video scanner 120, is then evaluated in an OCR unit 130. If complete evaluation is carried out, a bar code printer 150 is actuated, and the mail item is provided with an appropriate bar code for subsequent sorting into sorting compartments 160. The OCR unit 130 comprises one or more microprocessors 131 with an associated memory 132 , in order to store images of the mail items . The OCR unit also contains an address data bank 134 with post codes, town names and road names, and possibly with other address-related information.
During the evaluation of images which have address information, a feature-controlled reduction of the entry obtained from the address databank 134 is carried out, so that a sort of dictionary element is produced.
Credibility levels are in this case allocated in individual entries, so that a number of data items of correctly identified addresses are produced during the evaluation process. The apparatus also contains an image controller 170 as well as a number of video coding locations 200, which are connected to the image controller 170 directly or by means of a local area network (LAN) 171. If the OCR evaluation of an image was not, that is to say, completely successful, this image is transferred from the OCR unit 130 to the image controller 170, which firstly controls the TID bar code printer 151 and secondly sends the appropriate image to one of the video coding locations 200. The TID bar code printer 151 applies an identification code TID to the corresponding mail item, which identification code TID
makes it possible to subsequently link the evaluated GR 2000P23783 - 5a-address information with the physical mail item. The images are in this case preferably evaluated offline, although, in principle, online evaluation by means of video coding is also possible, provided the delay time is sufficiently long.
In the latter case, the TID may also be applied to the mail items at a later time, that is to say when the video coding has not led to complete evaluation within a specific, predetermined time.
In order to carry out the method as described in more detail in the following text, the image controller 170 is designed such that the images are transmitted with address information which has not been read uniquely by the OCR unit 130 to in each case two video coding locations, at each of which only a part of the post code is video-coded, and such that the coded post code parts of the relevant image are combined once again, after buffer-storage, to form a complete post code.
The recorded and stored image of the respective mail item with the address, containing a post code 300 which identifies the destination area and the road, the part of a road in the case of long roads or a number of small roads, is supplied to the OCR unit 130 for a first automatic reading attempt. This post code 300 is in this example a six-character code in canonic form with a sequential character sequence ANA NAN, where A
is a letter (alphabetic character) and N is a number (numerical character).
The specific embodiment of the post code is, of course, not restricted to this example.
If the address can be read uniquely in the OCR unit 130 in the first reading attempt 310, the identification task is complete. If not, the image together with the post code 300 is transferred to a video coding location 200 for video coding of the left-hand ANA part, which characterizes the destination area, at which video GR 2000P23783 - 6a -coding location 200 an operator for the left-hand post code parts video-codes 320 the left-hand ANA part. To do this, the left-hand part of the post code can be especially identified on the screen at the video coding location 200 for example by a colored background or by a boundary, as shown in Figure 2. The coding result is then transferred to the image controller 170.
Furthermore, the image is transmitted with the post code, for video coding of the right-hand NAN part which characterizes the roads, to a further video coding location 200, at which a responsible operator video-codes 330 the right-hand NAN part asynchronously with respect to the left-hand NAN part. In this case as well, that part of the post code which is to be coded is advantageously identified on the screen. The result of the video coding is then likewise transmitted to the image controller 170. In the image controller 170, the coding results are buffer-stored under an identification number for the respective image, and are combined 340 to form a complete video-coded post code, with the image controller 170 being informed during the transmission of the coding results as to what part (rough or more detailed descriptive) this is, so that the combination can be carried out in the correct position. The complete video-coded post code is then transmitted to the OCR unit 130 for a third reading attempt 350. Since this reading attempt 350 is now carried out with the entire entered post code, the object of the OCR unit 130 in this case is to compare the post code with the content of the address databank, and possibly with the other address parts that have been read, and to validate whether the post code 300 has been entered correctly.
By splitting the post code 300 into two parts, which are video-coded separately, and by the linking with the OCR reading process, this results in the following advantages:
1. The shorter sequence of characters to be coded for an operator (video coding location) results in a very much lower error rate and makes the preview GR 2000P23783 - 7a -coding process simpler, during which the address images of a number of mail items following one another are displayed at the same time.
2. The training time required for entering the characters in the preview mode is greatly reduced.
Claims (12)
1. A method for reading post codes of addresses on mail, in which the images of the mail surfaces which have the addresses are recorded, stored and supplied to an OCR unit (130) for identification of the addresses and generation of appropriate address codes, in which, if OCR unit (130) reading results are not unique, the relevant images are video-coded at at least one video coding location (200), and in which the post code (300) identifies the address down to a part of a relatively long road or to a number of small roads, in which - if it has not been possible to uniquely read addresses in the OCR unit (130) in a first reading attempt (310), the post codes are each first of all subdivided into a part which describes the address roughly and a part which describes the address in more detail and the corresponding images of the mail surfaces with these addresses are transferred to video coding locations (200) where only those parts of the post codes (300) which describe the addresses roughly are video-coded (320) by operators who are provided for this purpose, - and the images of the mail surfaces with the corresponding addresses are transferred to further video coding locations (200), where the rest of the post codes (300) which describe the addresses in more detail are video-coded (330) asynchronously with respect to them by operators who are provided for this purpose, and the video-coded post code parts which have been buffer-stored and are each associated with a specific mail item are then joined together (340) to form a complete, video-coded post code.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, with that part of the post code (300) which describes the address roughly indicating the destination area.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, with that part of the post code (300) which describes the address in more detail identifying the road, a part of the road in the case of long roads, or a number of small roads.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, with the video-coded post code elements being associated with the respective mail items or images on the basis of identification numbers, and being joined together to form complete post codes (300).
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, with the identification numbers being applied to the mail items and being read together with the addresses.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, with the recorded images of the mail surfaces being stored under identification numbers.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, with the identification numbers being applied as machine-legible codes to the mail items.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, with the identification numbers being applied as a bar code to the mail items.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, with a preview coding method being used for the video codings.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, with the complete, video-coded post code being supplied to the OCR unit (130) for a second reading attempt (350), including the video-coding results, in order to validate the result.
11. An apparatus for reading post codes of addresses -10a-on mail items using an automatic address reading system, which - has an apparatus for obtaining images of mail items (120), - has an OCR unit (130) for automatic evaluation of the images which have the address information on the mail surfaces, - has video coding locations (200) for video-coding of the images which contain the address information on the mail surfaces, - has an image controller (170) for controlling the data flow between the OCR unit (130) and the video coding locations, in which the image controller (17) is designed such that - if it has not been possible to uniquely read addresses in the OCR unit (130) in a first reading attempt (310), the post codes are each first of all subdivided into a part which describes the address roughly and a part which describes the address in more detail and the corresponding images of the mail surfaces with these addresses are transferred to video coding locations (200) where only those parts of the post codes (300) which describe the addresses roughly are video-coded (320) by operators who are provided for this purpose, - and the images of the mail surfaces with the corresponding addresses are transferred to further video coding locations (200), where the rest of the post codes (300) which describe the addresses in more detail are video-coded (330) asynchronously with respect to them by operators who are provided for this purpose, and the video-coded post code parts which have been buffer-stored and are each associated with a specific mail item are then joined together (340) to form a complete, video-coded post code.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, with the image controller (170) being designed such that the respective assembled video-coded post code (300) is supplied to the OCR unit (130), for a second reading attempt, including the video-coded post code (300) for validation of the result.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10064226A DE10064226B4 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2000-12-22 | Method and apparatus for reading postal codes from addresses on broadcasts |
| DE10064226.8 | 2000-12-22 | ||
| PCT/DE2001/004812 WO2002052489A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-20 | Method and device for reading postal codes of addresses on postal articles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2432610A1 true CA2432610A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
Family
ID=7668413
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002432610A Abandoned CA2432610A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-20 | Method and apparatus for reading post codes of addresses on mail |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1344182A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2432610A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10064226B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002052489A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004022253A1 (en) | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for reading the addresses of mailings |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4992649A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1991-02-12 | United States Postal Service | Remote video scanning automated sorting system |
| DE19531392C1 (en) * | 1995-08-26 | 1997-01-23 | Aeg Electrocom Gmbh | Handwritten character graphical representation system |
| DE19624977A1 (en) * | 1996-06-22 | 1998-01-02 | Siemens Ag | Process for processing mail |
| DE19911116C1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2000-05-31 | Siemens Ag | Method of sorting sequences of transmissions with two-part addresses |
-
2000
- 2000-12-22 DE DE10064226A patent/DE10064226B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-12-20 WO PCT/DE2001/004812 patent/WO2002052489A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-12-20 CA CA002432610A patent/CA2432610A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-20 EP EP01991649A patent/EP1344182A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002052489A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
| EP1344182A1 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
| DE10064226B4 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| DE10064226A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |