CA2428131A1 - Membrane-electrode assembly, method of manufacturing the same, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the same - Google Patents

Membrane-electrode assembly, method of manufacturing the same, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the same Download PDF

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CA2428131A1
CA2428131A1 CA002428131A CA2428131A CA2428131A1 CA 2428131 A1 CA2428131 A1 CA 2428131A1 CA 002428131 A CA002428131 A CA 002428131A CA 2428131 A CA2428131 A CA 2428131A CA 2428131 A1 CA2428131 A1 CA 2428131A1
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membrane
electrode assembly
assembly according
formula
manufacturing
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CA2428131C (en
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Osamu Nishikawa
Shigeki Nomura
Masanori Nakamura
Toshiya Sugimoto
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
    • H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
    • H01M8/1037—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having silicon, e.g. sulfonated crosslinked polydimethylsiloxanes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
    • H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. in situ polymerisation or in situ crosslinking
    • H01M8/1074—Sol-gel processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
    • H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
    • H01M8/1088—Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

A membrane-electrode assembly in which gas-diffusion electrodes are joined to both sides of a proton-conductive membrane and which has high heat resistance and high chemical resistance and functions stably even at high temperature, characterized in that a membrane-electrode assembly portion in which gas- diffusion electrodes are joined to a proton-conductive membrane contains a three-dimensional crosslinking structure composed of metal-oxygen bond formed by a sol-gel reaction; the membrane-electrode assembly characterized in that the gas-diffusion electrode carries a noble metal catalyst on its surface in advance; or the membrane assembly characterized in that the membrane-electrode assembly portion contains, in addition to the three-dimensional crosslinking structure, carbon powder carrying a noble metal catalyst; their manufacturing methods; and a solid polymer fuel cell adapted to operate at high temperature by adopting this or a direct methanol fuel cell are disclosed.

Claims (34)

1. A membrane-electrode assembly made by joining gas diffusion electrodes to both faces of a proton-conductive membrane, characterized in that membrane-electrode joining parts where the proton-conductive membrane and the gas diffusion electrodes are joined together contain a three-dimensionally crosslinked structure that comprises metal-oxygen bonds and is formed through a sol-gel reaction.
2. The membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that said gas diffusion electrodes have a precious metal catalyst supported on surfaces thereof in advance.
3. The membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that said membrane-electrode joining parts further contain carbon fine particles having a precious metal catalyst supported thereon, in addition to the three-dimensionally crosslinked structure.
4. The membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that said three-dimensionally crosslinked structure contains a proton conductivity-bestowing material.
5. The membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that said proton conductivity-bestowing material is an inorganic acid.
6. The membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that said inorganic acid is a heteropolyacid.
7. The membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that said heteropolyacid is at least one compound selected from phosphotungstac acid, silicotungstic acid, and phosphomolybdic acid.
8. The membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that said proton conductivity-bestowing material contains a compound represented by undermentioned formula (1).

(In the formula, X represents a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking or an OH group, R1 represents any organic group containing an acid group, R2 represents an alkyl group having 4 or fewer carbon atoms, n is an integer from 1 to 3, and at least one of the X's is a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking.)
9. The membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that R1 in formula (1) contains either acid group selected from a sulfonic acid group or a phosphoric acid group.
10. The membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that the compound of formula (1) is a structure represented by undermentioned formula (2).

(In the formula, X represents a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking or an OH group, R2 represents an alkyl group having 4 or fewer carbon atoms, m is an integer from 1 to 20, n is an integer from 1 to 3, and at least one of the X's is a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking.)
11. The membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that said metal-oxygen bonds are silicon-oxygen bonds.
12. The membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that said three-dimensionally crosslinked structure contains a structure represented by undermentioned formula (3).

Si (X) 4 (3) (In the formula, X represents a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking or an OH group, and at least one of the X's is a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking.)
13. The membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that said three-dimensionally crosslinked structure contains a structure represented by undermentioned formula (4).

Si (X)n (R2)4-n (4) (In the formula, X represents a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking or an OH group, R2 represents an alkyl group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, n is an integer from 1 to 3, and at least one of the X's is a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking. In the case that n is 1 or 2, the R2's may be a mixture of different alkyl groups.)
14. The membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that said three-dimensionally crosslinked structure contains a structure represented by undermentioned formula (5).

(In the formula, X represents a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking or an OH group, R2 represents an alkyl group having 4 or fewer carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrocarbon having 30 or fewer carbon atoms, n is an integer from 1 to 3, and at least one of the X's is a -O- bond that is involved in crosslinking.)
15. The membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that said proton-conductive membrane contains a structure that is three-dimensionally crosslinked through silicon-oxygen bonds.
16. A method of manufacturing the membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1, 2, and 4 through 15, characterized by comprising a first step of applying a liquid containing a crosslinkable monomer containing silicon onto at least one face of the proton-conductive membrane, a second step of sticking a gas diffusion electrode having a catalyst supported thereon onto the proton-conductive membrane onto which the liquid has been applied, and a third step of curing the liquid.
17. A method of manufacturing the membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1, and 3 through 15, characterized by comprising a first step of applying a liquid containing a crosslinkable monomer containing silicon and carbon fine particles having a precious metal catalyst supported thereon onto at least one face of the proton-conductive membrane, a second step of sticking a gas diffusion electrode onto the proton-conductive membrane onto which the liquid has been applied, and a third step of curing the liquid.
18. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said crosslinkable monomer contains a compound represented by undermentioned formula (6).

(In the formula, R4 represents a Cl, OCH3, OC2H5, OC6H5, OH or OCOCH3 group, R1 represents any organic group containing an acid group, R2 represents an alkyl group having 4 or fewer carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to 3.)
19. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 18, characterized in that R1 in formula (6) contains either acid group selected from a sulfonic acid group or a phosphoric acid group.
20. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 19, characterized in that the compound of formula (6) is a compound represented by undermentioned formula (7).

(In the formula, R4 represents a Cl, OCH3, OC2H5, OC6H5, OH or OCOCH3 group, R2 represents an alkyl group having 4 or fewer carbon atoms, m is an integer from 1 to 20, and n is an integer from 1 to 3.)
21. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said crosslinkable monomer contains a compound represented by undermentioned formula (8).

Si (R4) 4 (8) (In the formula, R4 represents a Cl, OCH3, OC2H5, OC6H5, OH or OCOCH3 group.)
22. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said crosslinkable monomer contains a compound represented by undermentioned formula (9).

Si (R4)n (R2) 4-n (9) (In the formula, R4 represents a Cl, OCH3, OC2H5, OC6H5, OH or OCOCH3 group, R2 represents an alkyl group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to 3. In the case that n is 1 or 2, the R2's may be a mixture of different alkyl groups.)
23. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said crosslinkable monomer contains a compound represented by undermentioned formula (10).

(In the formula, R4 represents a Cl, OCH3, OC2H5, OC6H5, OH or OCOCH3 group, R2 represents an alkyl group having 4 or fewer carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrocarbon having 30 or fewer carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to 3.)
24. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the liquid applied in the first step contains an inorganic acid.
25. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 24, characterized in that said inorganic acid is a heteropolyacid.
26. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 25, characterized in that said heteropolyacid is at least one compound selected from phosphotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid, and phosphomolybdic acid.
27. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the liquid applied in said first step has a solid component concentration of at least 5wt%.
28. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the liquid applied in said first step contains water.
29. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said second step is carried out by hot pressing at a temperature of at least 20°C.
30. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 29, characterized in that said hot pressing is carried out at a pressure of at least 0.5N/cm2.
31. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said third step is carried out at a temperature of 50 to 300°C.
32. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said third step comprises a preliminary curing step of carrying out preheating at normal temperature, followed by a main curing step of raising the temperature to 20 to 200°C and thus curing.
33. The method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said third step is carried out under humidifying conditions with a relative humidity of at least 50%.
34. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell, using the membrane-electrode assembly according to one of claims 1 through 15.
CA2428131A 2001-09-11 2002-09-09 Membrane-electrode assembly, method of manufacturing the same, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the same Expired - Lifetime CA2428131C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001275259 2001-09-11
JP2001-275259 2001-09-11
JP2001298030 2001-09-27
JP2001-298030 2001-09-27
JP2001-303239 2001-09-28
JP2001303239 2001-09-28
PCT/JP2002/009144 WO2003026051A1 (en) 2001-09-11 2002-09-09 Membrane-electrode assembly, its manufacturing method, and solid polyer fuel cell using the same

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CA2428131C CA2428131C (en) 2010-11-16

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US (1) US20040053113A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1427043B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4009593B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100773635B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100428549C (en)
CA (1) CA2428131C (en)
WO (1) WO2003026051A1 (en)

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