CA2416402A1 - Recovery of fuel and clay from a biomass - Google Patents

Recovery of fuel and clay from a biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2416402A1
CA2416402A1 CA002416402A CA2416402A CA2416402A1 CA 2416402 A1 CA2416402 A1 CA 2416402A1 CA 002416402 A CA002416402 A CA 002416402A CA 2416402 A CA2416402 A CA 2416402A CA 2416402 A1 CA2416402 A1 CA 2416402A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
chamber
fraction
air
further including
separator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002416402A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sundar Narayan
Calvin Leslie Kantonen
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First American Scientific Corp
Original Assignee
First American Scientific Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by First American Scientific Corp filed Critical First American Scientific Corp
Priority to CA002416402A priority Critical patent/CA2416402A1/en
Priority to PCT/CA2004/000012 priority patent/WO2004063649A1/en
Priority to US10/542,188 priority patent/US7481385B2/en
Priority to JP2006500426A priority patent/JP4487268B2/en
Priority to CA2512688A priority patent/CA2512688C/en
Priority to KR1020057009932A priority patent/KR101117918B1/en
Publication of CA2416402A1 publication Critical patent/CA2416402A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
    • F26B3/0923—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by mechanical means, e.g. vibrated plate, stirrer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
    • F26B1/005—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids by means of disintegrating, e.g. crushing, shredding, milling the materials to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/24—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by shooting or throwing the materials, e.g. after which the materials are subject to impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/10—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it
    • F26B3/12—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it in the form of a spray, i.e. sprayed or dispersed emulsions or suspensions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the drying of biomass derived from wood such as waste or by-products of a sawmill or pulp and paper mill. The waste and by-products include wood chips, bark and pulp and paper sludge. The invention also relates to the drying of other waste organic such as manure and straw. More p~~rticularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for drying biomass material to make it suitable for use as a fuel and for the extraction of useful products such as clay from the material.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Large quantities of waste products axe generated at a saw mill and a pulp and paper mill and many of those products cannot be disposed of easily. Pulp and paper sledges are particularly difficult to dispose of. Such sledges, because of their high moisture content, cannot be inciner-ated without first being dried. The cost of drying them usually far exceeds any savings derived from incinerating them as an alternative source of heat or energy. For this reason other methods of disposal are generally used.
The most common method of disposal of pulp and paper sledges is at a landfill site. Less commonly it is disposed of by spreading it over waste land. Existing landfill and land spreading sites are being rapidly depleted because of the large quantities of sludge generated by saw mills and pulp and paper mills. New sites are not becoming available at the rate required to meet the demand of mills because of environmental concerns.

SUMMARY OF THE 1NVENT'ION
When particles of waste products such as those mentioned above are introduced into a chamber having a rotor which spins at high speed, the particles are flung by centrifugal force against the side wall of the chamber and baffle plates within the chamber. The kinetic energy of multiple impact of the particles against the side wall and baffle plates of the chamber as well as against each other causes the temperature of the material to rise with resulting rapid evaporation or flashing of moisture in the material. In addition, the multiple impact causes moisture in the particles to be literally squeezed out of the solid material. The moisture becomes a fine mist which is expelled from the chamber while the solid particles are carried out of the chamber in a stream of air and are separated from the air in a cyclone separator.
By this means, the moisture content of the waste products is substantially reduced. The final product is particles composed substantially of wood fibre and, in the case of de-inking sludge, a significant quantity of clay. The clay can be separated by means of a sieve and the wood fibre that remains is suitable for use as a fuel. The clay can be reused in the paper-making process.
The process of the invention does not require the large amounts heat that conventional drying processes require to dry sludge. In fact, the process of tbc invention can be carried out with no additional heat in some cases.
Briefly, the process of the invention include the steps of: (i) providing a starting material
2 of Waste organic material containing no more than about 40 percent by weight water; (i.i) intro-ducing the waste material into a comrninuting chamber having an interior space defined, in part, by side and lower walls and allowing the waste material to fall downwardly into the interior space; (iii) causing the falling waste material to strike the side wall with sufficient force to cause separation thereof into a first fraction which contains essentially water; and a second fraction which contains the waste material less the water in the first fraction; (iv) providing means by which the first fraction may discharge from the charr~ber; (v) causing air to flow through the chamber with sufficient velocity to carry the second fraction and any undischarged first fraction outwardly from the chamber and into a separator; (vi) causing air within the separator to separate the second fraction from step (v) into air and any undischarged first fraction from step (v); (vii) adjusting at least one of: {a) the speed at which the waste material strikes the side wall of step (iii); (b) the rate at which the waste material of step (ii) is added to the chamber;
(c) the temperature within the chamber; (d) the temperature of the air within the separator; and (e) the rate of velocity of the air in step (v) in order to reduce the proportion of water in the second fraction from step (vi) to less than about 15 percent by weight; and (viii) recovering the second fraction from step (vi) as a .final product.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION ~F THE DRAWINGS
The process and apparatus of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
J

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the components of the apparatus of the invention;
Figure 2 is an enlarged perspective view, partly cut away, of a torus mounted within the comminuting chamber;
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the baffle plates mounted to the bottom wall of vthe torus;
Figure 4 shows the direction of air within the comminuting chamber; and Figure 5 is a table which sets out the results achieved when the process of the invention is carried out on various starting materials.
Like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the description of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference to Figure l, a comminuting chamber 10 has an input chute 12 for raw material and an output duct I4 for comminuted product. The housing of the chamber includes a lower pan or wall 16, a cylindrical side wall 18 and a generally circular lid assembly 20. The output duct extends to the top cylinder of a cyclone separator 22. Solids separated from the air within the separator are collected at the bottom of the lower cone and discharge through an output chute 24. Star valves at the input chute 12 of the comminuting chamber and the output chute 24 of the separator, respectively, control the input and output from the comminuting chamber and cyclone separator and maintain intrinsic air pressure within the two devices.
A blower 30 causes air within the separator to flow through a duct 32 first to a d.emister 34, then to a heating coil 36 and finally to a number of jets 38 where it is injected into the comminuting chamber. That air circulates through the chamber and recirculates into duct 14 where it returns to the separator.
The jets are spaced equidistantly around the periphery of the chamber. There m.ay be four, six, eight or more jets. Where there are four, they are spaced 90 degrees apart, where there are six they are spaced 60 degrees apart and so on. A vent 40 on the lid allows some of the moisture-laden air within the chamber to escape to the atmosphere.
Within the comminuting chamber are a number of chains 42, preferably eight, which are mounted to a hub 44 and are rotated in a horizontal plane by a :motor 46. A
flywheel (not i1-lustrated) may be splined to the axle 48 which is driven by the motor to stabilize the draw of current by the motor.
Radially extending blades can be substituted for chains in the comminuting chamber and in most cases are preferred since the power consumed in causing them to rotate is less that re-quired to rotate chains at the same ~°ate. In addition, it is believed that a greater throughput of sludge is possible in the chamber where the chamber contains blades rather than chains..
The blades should be designed such that they have a relatively low coefficient of drag.
The preferred cross-section of the blade is a tear drop. The blades are described in detail in the two U.S. patents no. 5,839,671 and 6,024,307 referred to below.
Above the chains are baffle plates 50 and a frusto-conical cone or torus 52.
The torus is hollow and, as illustrated in Figure 2, its upper wall 54 is concave while its bottom wall 56 is flat. There is a circular opening 58 formed in the centre of the vtorus.
With reference to Figure 3, there are eight baffle plates 50 which are attached to the bot-tom wall 56 of the torus such as by welding. Each plate has parallel front and rear faces 60, 62 the forward face being upstream of the dia-ection of rotation 64 of the chains beneath the baffle plates. The angle between the forward faces of adjacent baffles, marked 66, is approximately 45 degrees.
The angle of the baffle plate°s relative to the bottom wall 56 of the torus is preferably about 120 degrees measured between the front wall 58 of the baffle plates and the bottom wall of the torus.
The baffle plates serve as a surface for particles driven radially outwardly by the chains to impinge upon. The baffles also direct air at the periphery of the chamber to flow inward and through the central opening in the torus Demister 34 controls the moisture level of the air within the chamber and the air that is discharged from it. The demister enhances the rate of drying of the air but is not essential. A fibre bed mist eliminator sold under the trade-mark BRINK and a wet scrubber sold under the trade-mark DYNAWAVE/BRINK both products of the Monsanto Enviro-Chem Company are suitable for use as a demister.
Air which discharges from the demister is heated by heating coil 36 which is of con-ventional construction. There is a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the air which discharges from the coil and by means of the sensor, an accurate control over the;
temperature of the air can be achieved. The heating coil, while preferred is not essential.
The configuration of the torus, baffle plates and the side wall of the chamber causes the air within the chamber to follow the path indicated by arrows ?2 in Figure 4.
The comminuting chamber is known and is described in U.S. patents 5,839,671 and 6,024,307 issued on November 24, 1998 and February 15, 2000, respectively, both to Sand et al.
The subject matter of both patents are incorporated into this application by reference. The cycl-one separator is well known to those familiar with the materials handling art.
OPERATION
The starting material may be a biomass, in general, and specifically hog fuel such as saw-dust, wood chips and bark as a waste or by-product of a sawmills or pulp and paper mill. It may also be a manure either alone or in combination with other organic matter. The manure may be from horses, cows, pigs, sheep, chickens. The waste from race tracks for example typically con-taro horse manure, straw and wood chips and such waste is a suitable starting material for the process of the invention The starting material may also be pulp and paper sludge. Such sludge is a waste product of the paper-making industry and may take a variety of forms. The sludge may be in the form of de-inking paper sludge, in the form of a so-called "primary paper sludge"or in the form ~of a so-called "secondary paper sludge". The sludge may also be a combination of any two or three of such sludges. De-inking sludge is a waste product generated during the manufacture of glossy magazines. The waste product contains clay, usually in the forth of kaolin.
"Primary paper sludge" is residual wood fibre and ''secondary paper sludge" is also a residual wood sludge which contains a significant bacterial comtent.
Pulp and paper sludge has widely varying properties but the important property for the purposes of the present invention i:> its moisture content. The sludge which is fed into tile com-minuting chamber should be no higher than about 40 percent by weight water. If the sludge has a higher content, it tends to coat the baffles and the interior side wall of the chamber with. undesir-able consequences such as sudden surges in the consumption of power, uneven rate of output and so on. Moreover it may not be possible to reduce the moisture level of the sludge to an acceptable level if its initial moisture level is over 40 percent Should the moisture content of the starting sludge exceed about 40 percent, steps must be taken to reduce it. There are various ways of doing so. The sludge can be dried by a conventional screw or belt press or a combination of the two. Alternatively, t:he sludge can be dried by a conventional mufti-pass dryer in which fuel is burned in a combustion chamber to produce a hot gas which is circulated through the dryer in order to heat the sludge to a temperature sufficiently high to drive out the moisture. The sludge can also be dried by air circulated through a dryer and heated by hot gas from a conventional heat exchanger.
The moisture content of the starting material can also be reduced by mixing the sludge with the final product of the process of the invention. In other words, the output product can be recycled and mixed with untreated sludge to produce a starting material having the required moisture content. Alternatively, the starting material can be combined with material having a relatively low moisture content such as wood chips or hog fuel to produce a starting mixtL~re having a moisture level below the acceptable upper limit.
The starting material should be composed of particles which do not exceed about 4 cm. in size. Larger particles tend to form bridges within the chamber and clog it.
Such particles can also cause undesirable surges in consumption of power by the rotor with resulting damage to it or to other components of the comminuting chamber.
Non-organic material such as ferrous or non-ferrous metallic objects should be removed from the starting material before it is fed to the chamber. A conventional electro-magnet or belt magnet can be used for this purposf:. Stones are removed by a conventional de-stoner.
The starting material is fed through a star valve at the inlet 12 of the chamber where it falls down onto the concave upper wall of the torus and slides down the wall and into the central opening 58 of the torus. From there the material falls into the path of the rotor 42 made up chains or blades and is flung by centrifugal force against the side wall 10 and the baffle plates 50 with resulting comminution of the material .
The kinetic energy of multiple impact of the particles against the side wall and baffle plates of the chamber as well as against each other causes the temperature of the material to rise with resulting rapid evaporation or flashing of moisture in the material. In addition, the multiple impact causes moisture in the particles to be literally squeezed out of the solid material. The en-ergy of impact and kinetic heat also kills many of the pathogens and coliforms in the material.
The centrifugal acceleration of the particles within the chamber may also enhance the rate of destruction of the pathogens and coliforms.
The moisture which escapes from the material does so :in the form of steam.
Once sep-arated, the moisture immediately recondenses into a fine mist since the temperature within the chamber typically is about 70 degrees C. or less. While some of the mist is exhausted through vent 40, most is carried upwardly in the particle-laden air which travels to the cyclone separator.
From the separator the mist flows to demister 34 where it is removed from the air.
Solid particles are carried out of the chamber in a stream of air and are separated from the air in cyclone separator 22. The particles are substantially drier than they were in the starting material.
As illustrated in Figure 4, the direction of movement of air within the chamber is indic-ated by arrows 72. As will be observed, the rotor causes the flow of air to double back upon itself below the baffle plates 50 and to divide into two streams. One stream 72a flows upwardly in the annular space between the periphery of the torus and the side wall of the chamber. The other stream 72b flows centrally upward through the central opening in the torus.
Both streams carry most of the particles of material with them and exit through output duct 14.

Air within the chamber is set in motion by the spinning rotor and flows into the cyclone separator where it is separated from the particles of material and is forced by blower 30 through duct 32 and issues as a stream into the chamber. A nozzle at the point of entry of the air into the chamber directs the air to enter tangentially to the side wall of the chamber as well as to the periphery of the torus.
As previously discussed, the jet splits into two streams, one, 72a, elevates the particles of material between the periphery of the torus and the side wall of the chamber while the other, 72b assists in the evacuation of particles of material in the centre of the chamber. Both streams meet and exit through duct I4 as previously indicated and carry the particles of material with them.
There are many factors which affect the amount of water that is extracted from the start-ing material . Those factors include the rate at which the material is fed into the comminuting chamber, the velocity of the material at the moment of impact with the side wall and baffles, the temperature within the chamber; the temperature of the air within the cyclone separator,. the vel-ocity of the air within the eomminuting chamber and so on. The effect that these factors have are as follows:
( 1 ) the rate of feed: the higher the rate, the less moisture is extracted from the starting material.
(2) the velocity of the material at the moment of impact: the greater its velocity the high-er the rate of extraction of moisture will be. As indicated above, the faster the rotor rotates, tile higher the velocity of the material will be.
(3) the temperature within the chamber and the cyclone separator: The preferred range of temperature within the chamber is about 45 degrees to about 80 degrees C. and the more pre-ferred range is about 50 degrees to about 65 degrees C.. If the temperature is outside this range, the residual moisture level in the final product is too high.
(4) the velocity of the air within the comminuting chamiber. The higher the velocity, the higher the throughput of material through the chamber and cyclone and the higher the output of the process. In addition, the higher the velocity of air, the more moisture will be removed from the solid particles.
The comminuting chamber and cyclone separator should be operated in a way that will yield a final product containing less than about 15 percent by weight water.
This result will be achieved by adjusting the feed rate, the temperature within the chamber and separator, the rate of rotation of the rotor, the velocity of the air and so on.
The dried particles of material and water droplets are carried by the air in the duct to the cyclone separator where the particles are separated and discharge through a star valve at the bot-tom of the separator as the final product of the process. The air and some moisture is recirculated to the comminuting chamber through jet 38 while the remaining moisture is removed by demister De-inking sludge usually contains a significant amount of clay. That clay is corrunonly kaolin but other clays are also found in such sludge. Clay can be separated from the final product simply by classifying the particles according to size. Particles larger than about 250 microns are composed substantially entirely of wood fibre while smaller particles are composed chiefly of clay. The dried particles can be classified by various means such as by a trommel and by a screen.

To test the performance of the process of the invention, various starting materials were fed into the comminuting chamber at various rates. The moisture content of the starting material and final product were measured and the consumption of power was monitored.
The results are set out of the Figure 5.
The results show that in the case of pulp and paper sludge and wood chips there is a sig-nificant drop in the level of moisture in the f nal product. There was a less significant drop in chicken manure.

Waste from a race track was used as the starting material. The waste contained 10% horse manure, 30% straw, 30% hay and the balance wood chips (all percentages are by weight). The straw was shredded using a conventional shredder into 2 cm strips before being mixed with the other substances. The starting material was fed into the comminuting chamber and separator of the invention. The final product was a fine dry powder which could be burned as a fuel in a conventional dust-burner.

The starting material was hog fuel containing pine and cedar chips from a pulp and paper mill in Delta, B.C. The moisture content of the hog was 45% to 54% by weight water. The hog was separated into a - 4 cm and + 4cm fraction by means of a screen. The - 4 cm fraction con-tamed approximately 0.5 % stones and rocks and was fed into a comminuting chamber. The power consumption was monitored as the fraction passed through the chamber and the separator.
The moisture content of the final product was measured. It was found that 10 lbs of wager was extracted per KWH of power consumed. The test was repeated using de-inking sludge and it was found that 25 lbs of water was extracted per KWH of power conswned.
It will be understood of course that modifications can be made in the process and apparatus of the invention without departing from the scope and purview of the invention as described and claimed herein.

Claims (18)

We claim:
1. A process for reducing the moisture content of organic material to a level at which said material is suitable for use as a fuel including the steps of:
(i) providing a starting material of organic material containing no more than about 40 percent by weight water;
(ii) introducing said material into a comminuting chamber having an interior space defined, in part, by side and lower walls and allowing said material to fall downwardly into said interior space;
(iii) causing said falling material to strike said side wall with sufficient force to cause separation thereof into a first fraction which contains essentially water; and a second fraction which contains the material less the water in said first fraction;
(iv) providing means by which said first fraction may discharge from said chamber;
(v) causing air to flow through said chamber with sufficient velocity to carry said second fraction and any undischarged first fraction outwardly from said chamber and into a separator having an interior wall;
(vi) causing air within said separator to drive said second fraction from step (v) into contact with said interior wall with resulting separation of said second fraction from air and any undischarged first fraction from step (v);
(vii) adjusting at least one of: (a) the speed at which the waste material strikes the side wall of step (iii); (b) the rate at which the waste material of step (ii) is added to the chamber; (c) the temperature within the chamber; (d) the temperature of the air within the separator; and (e) the rate of velocity of the air in step (v) in order to reduce the proportion of water in the second fraction from step (vi) to less than about 15 percent by weight; and (viii) recovering said second fraction from step (vi) as a final product.
2. The process of claim 1 further including the step of: (ix) separating said final product from step (viii) into a first portion of larger than about 250 microns composed substantially entirely of wood fibre and a second portion of smaller than about 250 microns containing composed substantially entirely of clay
3. The process of claim 1 including the step of: (x) providing impelling means located within said interior space for causing said falling material of step (iii) to strike said side wall.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein chains as provided as said impelling means
5. The process of claim 3 wherein a plurality of rigid elements interconnected by flexible elements are provided as said impelling means.
6. The process as claimed in claim 5 further including the step of selecting rigid elements which have a relatively low coefficient of drag.
7. The process as claimed in claim 5 further including the step of selecting rigid elements which have a cross-section in the shape of a tear drop
8. The process of claim 1 further including the step of providing a torus having a conical upper wall and a planar lower wall within said chamber for directing said falling material centrally through said chamber.
9. The process of claim 8 further including the step of providing a plurality of baffle plates beneath said torus for directing the flow of said falling material beneath said torus.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein each said baffle plate has a forward and rear wall, the angle between the forward walls of adjacent said baffles being approximately 45 degrees.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein the angle between the forward wall of each said baffle plate and the lower of said torus is approximately 120.
12. The process of claim 1 further including the step of: (xi) combining a mixture of primary material containing pulp and paper sludge and a secondary material containing wood pulp having a substantial bacterial content with at least an equal weight of de-inking material to produce the starting material of step (i).
13. The process of claim 1 further including the step of: (xii) recycling sufficient quantity of the second fraction from step (viii) to the material of step (i) to produce said starting material.
14. The process of claim 1 further including the step of (xiii) adjusting the temperature in said interior space to a value in the range of about 45 to about 80 degrees Celsius.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the temperature in said interior space is adjusted to a value the range of about 50 degrees to about 65 degrees Celsius.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein said separator is a cyclone separator.
17. The process of claim 1 wherein said organic material is pulp and paper sludge.
18. The process of claim 1 wherein said organic material is manure.
CA002416402A 2003-01-15 2003-01-15 Recovery of fuel and clay from a biomass Abandoned CA2416402A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002416402A CA2416402A1 (en) 2003-01-15 2003-01-15 Recovery of fuel and clay from a biomass
PCT/CA2004/000012 WO2004063649A1 (en) 2003-01-15 2004-01-14 Recovery of fuel and clay from a biomass
US10/542,188 US7481385B2 (en) 2003-01-15 2004-01-14 Recovery of fuel and clay from a biomass
JP2006500426A JP4487268B2 (en) 2003-01-15 2004-01-14 Fuel and clay recovery from biomass
CA2512688A CA2512688C (en) 2003-01-15 2004-01-14 Recovery of fuel and clay from a biomass
KR1020057009932A KR101117918B1 (en) 2003-01-15 2004-01-14 Recovery of fuel and clay from biomass

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WO2014079915A1 (en) * 2012-11-22 2014-05-30 Lafarge Process and equipment for drying solid waste material using gas from a clinker cooler
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CN109140962A (en) * 2018-07-27 2019-01-04 如皋市西林化工有限公司 A kind of micro- powder for preparing drying equipment of thermoplastic polyimides
CN109847899A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-06-07 厦门亲然之家科技有限公司 A kind of kitchen waste treater with dehumidification function
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WO2004063649A1 (en) 2004-07-29
KR101117918B1 (en) 2012-03-20
US20060108459A1 (en) 2006-05-25
JP2006518396A (en) 2006-08-10
US7481385B2 (en) 2009-01-27
KR20050089806A (en) 2005-09-08
JP4487268B2 (en) 2010-06-23

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