CA2404229A1 - Human transporters and ion channels - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides human transporters and ion channels (TRICH) and polynucleotides which identify and encode TRICH. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, antibodies, agonists, and antagonists. The invention also provides methods for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disorders associated with aberrant expression of TRICH.

Description

TRANSPORTERS AND ION CHANNELS
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of transporters and ion channels and to the use of these sequences in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of transport, neurological, muscle, immunological, and cell proliferative disorders, and in the assessment of the effects of exogenous compounds on the expression of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of transporters and ion channels.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Eukaryotic cells are suwounded and subdivided into functionally distinct organelles by hydrophobic lipid bilayer membranes which are highly impermeable to most polar molecules. Cells and organelles require. transport proteins to import and export essential nutrients and metal ions including Ii+, NH;~~, P;, SO,,'-, sugars, and vitamins, as well as various metabolic waste products.
Transport proteins also play roles in antibiotic resistance, toxin secretion, ion balance, synaptic neurotransmission, kidney function, intestinal absorption, tumor growth, and other diverse cell functions (Griffith, J. and C. Sansom (1998) The Transporter Facts Book, Academic Press, San Diego CA, pp. 3-29). Transport can occur by a passive concentration-dependent mechanism, or can be linked to an energy source such as ATP hydrolysis or an ion gradient. Proteins that function in transport include caa-ier proteins, which bind to a specific solute and undergo a conformational change that translocates the bound solute across the membrane, and channel proteins, which form hydrophilic pores that allow specific solutes to diffuse through the membrane.
down an electrochemical solute gradient.
Carrier proteins which transport a single solute from one side of the membrane to the other are called uniporters. In contrast, coupled transporters link the transfer of one solute with simultaneous or sequential transfer of a second solute, either in the same direction (symport) ar in the opposite direction (antiport). For example, intestinal and kidney epithelium contains a variety of symporter systems driven by the sodium gradient that exists across the plasma membrane. Sodium moves into the cell down its electrochemical gradient and brings the solute into the cell with it. The sodium gradient that provides the driving force for solute uptake is maintained by the ubiquitous Na+/K+ ATPase system. Sodium-coupled transporters include the mammalian glucose transporter (SGLT1), iodide transporter (NIS), and multivitamin transporter (SMVT). All three transporters have twelve putative transmembrane segments, extracellular glycosylation sites, and cytoplasmically-oriented N- and C-termini. NIS plays a crucial role in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of various thyroid pathologies because it is the molecular basis for radioiodide thyroid-imaging techniques and for specific targeting of radioisotopes to the thyroid gland (Levy, O. et al. ( 1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:5568-5573). SMVT is expressed in the intestinal mucosa, kidney, and placenta, and is implicated in the transport of the. water-soluble vitanuns, e.g., biotin and pantothenate (Prasad, P.D. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:7501-7506).
One of the largest families of transporters is the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), also called the uniporter-symporter-antiporter family. MFS transporters are single polypeptide carriers that transport small solutes in response to ion gradients. Members of the MFS
are found in all classes of living organisms, and include transporters for sugars, oligosaccharides, phosphates, nitrates, nucleosides, monocarboxylates, and drugs. MFS transporters found in eukaryotes all have a stmcture comprising 12 transmembrane segments (Pao, S.S. et al. (1998) Microbiol.
Molec. Biol. Rev. 62:1-34). The largest family of MFS transporters is the. sugar transporter family, which includes the seven glucose transporters (GLUT1-GLUT7) found in humans that are required for the transport of glucose and other hexose sugars. These glucose transport proteins have unique tissue distributions and physiological functions. GLUT1 provides many cell types with their basal glucose requirements and transports glucose across epithelial and endothelial barrier tissues; GLUT2 facilitates glucose uptake or efflux from the liver; GLUT3 regulates glucose supply to neurons; GLUT4 is responsible for insulin-regulated glucose disposal; and GLUTS regulates fructose uptake into skeletal muscle.
Defects in glucose transporters are involved in a recently identified neurological syndrome causing infantile seizures and developmental delay, as well as glycogen storage disease, Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Mueckler, M. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem.
219:713-725; Longo, N. and L.J. Elsas (1998) Adv. Pediatr. 45:293-313).
Monocarboxylate anion transporters are. proton-coupled symporters with a broad substrate specificity that includes L-lactate, pyruvate, and the ketone bodies acetate, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate. At least seven isoforms have been identified to date.
The isoforms are predicted to have twelve transmembrane (TM) helical domains with a large intracellular loop between TM6 and TM7, and play a critical role in maintaining intracellular pH by removing the protons that are produced stoichiometrically with lactate during glycolysis. The best characterized H+-monocarboxylate transporter is that of the erythrocyte membrane, which transports L-lactate and a wide range of other aliphatic monocarboxylates. Other cells possess H+-linked monocarboxylate transporters with differing substrate and inhibitor selectivities. In particular, cardiac muscle and tumor cells have transporters that differ in their Km values for certain substrates, including stereoselectivity for L- over D-lactate, and in their sensitivity to inhibitors. There are Na+-monocarboxylate cotransporters on the luminal surface of intestinal and kidney epithelia, which allow the uptake of lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies in these tissues. In addition, there are specific and selective transporters for organic cations and organic anions in organs including the kidney, intestine and liver. Organic anion transporters are selective for hydrophobic, charged molecules with electron-attracting side groups. Organic canon transporters, such as the ammonium transporter, mediate the secretion of a variety of drugs and endogenous metabolites, and contribute to the maintenance of intercellular pH (Poole, R.C. and A.P. Halestrap (1993) Am.
J. Physiol.
264:C761-C782; Price, N.T. et al. (1998) Biochem. J. 329:321-328; and Martinelle, K. and I.
Haggstrom (1993) J. Biotechnol. 30:339-350).
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are members of a superfamily of membrane proteins that transport substances ranging from small molecules such as ions, sugars, amino acids, peptides, and phospholipids, to lipopeptides, large proteins, and complex hydrophobic drugs. ABC
transporters consist of four modules: two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD), which hydrolyze ATP
to supply the energy required for transport, and two membrane-spanning domains (MSD), each containing six putative transmembrane segments. These four modules may be encoded by a single gene, as is the case for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), or by separate genes.
When encoded by separate genes, each gene product contains a single NBD and MSD. These "half-molecules" form homo- and heterodimers, such as Tapl and Tap2, the endoplasmic reticulum-based major histocompatibility (MHC) peptide transport system. Several genetic diseases are attributed to defects in ABC transporters, such as the following diseases and their corresponding proteins: cystic fibrosis (CFTR, an ion channel), adre.nole.ukodystrophy (adrenole.ukodystrophy protein, ALDP), Zellweger syndrome (peroxisomal membrane protein-70, PMP70), and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (sulfonylurea receptor, SUR). Overexpression of the multidrug resistance (MDR) protein, another ABC transporter, in human cancer cells makes the cells resistant to a variety of cytotoxic drugs used in chemotherapy (Taglicht, D. and S. Michaelis (1998) Meth. Enzymol.
292:130-162).
A number of metal ions such as iron, zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, nickel, and chromium are important as cofactors for a number of enzymes. For example, copper is involved in hemoglobin synthesis, connective tissue metabolism, and bone development, by acting as a cofactor in oxidoreductases such as superoxide dismutase, ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin), and lysyl oxidase. Copper and other metal ions must be provided in the diet, and are absorbed by transporters in the gastrointestinal tract. Plasma proteins transport the metal ions to the liver and other target organs, where specific transporters move the ions into cells and cellular organelles as needed. Imbalances in metal ion metabolism have been associated with a number of disease states (banks, D.M. (1986) J. Med. Genet. 23:99-106).
Transport of fatty acids across the plasma membrane can occur by diffusion, a high capacity, low affinity process. However, under normal physiological conditions a significant fraction of fatty acid transport appears to occur via a high affinity, low capacity protein-mediated transport process, Fatty acid transport protein (FATP), an integral membrane protein with four transmembrane segments, is expressed in tissues exhibiting high levels of plasma membrane fatty acid flux, such as muscle, heart, and adipose. Expression of FATP is upregulated in 3T3-L1 cells during adipose conversion, and expression in COS7 fibroblasts elevates uptake of lonb chain fatty acids (Hui, T.I'. et S al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:27420-27429).
ll~Iitochondrial carrier proteins are transmembrane-spanning proteins which transport ions and charged metabolites between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. Examples include the. ADP, ATP carrier protein; the 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier; the phosphate carrier protein; the pyruvate carrier; the dicarboxylate carrier which transports malate, succinate, fumarate, and phosphate; the tricarboxylate earner which transports citrate and malate; and the. Grave's disease carrier protein, a protein recognized by IgG in patients with active Grave's disease, an autoimmune disorder resulting in hyperthyroidism. Proteins in this family consist of three tandem repeats of an approximately 100 anuno acid domain, each of which contains two transmembrane regions (Stryer, L. (1995) Bioche.mistry, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York NY, p. 551; PROSITE

Mitochondrial energy transfer proteins signature; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) '275000 Graves Disease).
This class of transporters also includes the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, which create proton leaks across the inner mitochondria) membrane, thus uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. The result is energy dissipation in the form of heat.
Mitochondria) uncoupling proteins have been implicated as modulators of thermoregulation and metabolic rate, and have been proposed as potential targets for drugs against metabolic diseases such as obesity (Ricquier, D. e.t al.
(1999) J. lilt. Med. 245:637-642).
Ion Channels The electrical potential of a cell is generated and maintained by controlling the movement of ions across the plasma membrane. The movement of ions requires ion channels, which form ion-selective pores within the membrane. There are two basic types of ion channels, ion transporters and gated ion channels. Ion transporters utilize the energy obtained from ATP
hydrolysis to actively transport an ion against the ion's concentration gradient. Gated ion channels allow passive flow of an ion down the ion's electrochemical gradient under restricted conditions.
Together, these types of ion channels generate, maintain, and utilize an electrochemical gradient that is used in 1) electrical impulse conduction down the axon of a nerve cell, 2) transport of molecules into cells against concentration gradients, 3) initiation of muscle contraction, and 4) endocrine cell secretion.
Ion Transporters Ion transporters generate and maintain the resting electrical potential of a cell. Utilizing the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis, they transport ions against the ion's concentration gradient.

These transmembrane ATPases are divided into three families. The phosphorylate.d (P) class ion transporters, including Na+-K+ ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and H+-ATPase, are activated by a phosphorylation event. P-class ion transporters are responsible for maintaining resting potential distributions such that cytosolic concentrations of Na+ and Ca'-+,are low and cytosolic concentration of K+ is high. The vacuolar (V) class of ion transporters includes H+ pumps on intracellular organelles, such as lysosomes and Golgi. V-class ion transporters are responsible for generating the low pH within the lumen of these organelles that is required for function. The coupling factor (F) class consists of H+ pumps in the mitochondria. F-class ion transporters utilize a proton gradient to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P;).
The P-ATPases are hexamers of a 100 kD subunit with ten transmembrane domains and several large cytoplasmic regions that may play a role in ion binding (Scarborough, G.A. (1999) Curr.
Opin. Cell Biol. 11:517-522). The V-ATPases are composed of two functional domains: the V, domain, a peripheral complex responsible for ATP hydrolysis; and the V o domain, an integral complex responsible for proton translocation across the membrane. The F-ATPases are structurally and evolutionarily related to the V-ATPases. The F-ATPase Fo domain contains 12 copies of the c subunit, a highly hydrophobic protein composed of two transmembrane domains and containing a single buried carboxyl group in TM2 that is essential for proton transport.
The V-ATPase V o domain contains three types of homologous c subunits with four or five transmembrane domains and the essential carboxyl group in TM4 or TM3. Both types of complex also contain a single a subunit that may be involved in regulating the pH dependence of activity (Forgac, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem.
274:12951-12950.
The resting potential of the cell is utilized in many processes involving carrier proteins and gated ion channels. Carrier proteins utilize the resting potential to transport molecules into and out of the cell. Amino acid and glucose transport into many cells is linked to sodium ion co-transport (symport) so that the movement of Na+ down an electrochemical gradient drives transport of the other molecule up a concentration gradient. Similarly, cardiac muscle links transfer of Ca'+ out of the cell with transport of Na+ into the cell (antiport).
Gated Ion Channels Gated ion channels control ion flow by regulating the opening and closing of pores. The ability to control ion flux through various gating mechanisms allows ion channels to mediate such diverse signaling and homeostatic functions as neuronal and endocrine sib paling, muscle contraction, fertilization, and regulation of ion and pH balance. Gated ion channels are categorized according to the. manner of regulating the gating function. Mechanically-gated channels open their pores in response to mechanical stress; voltage-gated channels (e.g., Na+, K+, Ca'+, and Cl-channels) open their pores in response to changes in membrane potential; and ligand-gated channels (e.g., acetylcholine-, serotonin-, and glutamate-gated canon channels, and GABA- and glycine-gated chloride channels) open their pores in the presence of a specific ion, nucleotide, or neurotransmitter.
'The gating properties of a particular ion channel (i.e., its threshold for and duration of opening and closing) are sometimes modulated by association with auxiliary channel proteins and/or post translational modifications, such as phosphorylation.
Mechanically-gated or mechanosensitive. ion channels act as transducers for the senses of touch, hearing, and balance, and also play important roles in cell volume regulation, smooth muscle contraction, and cardiac rhythm generation. A stretch-inactivated channel (SIC) was recently cloned from rat kidney. The SIC channel belongs to a group of channels which are activated by pressure or stress on the cell membrane and conduct both Ca'+ and Nay (Suzuki, M. et al.
(1999) J. Biol. Chem.
274:6330-6335).
The pore-forming subunits of the voltage-gated cation channels form a superfamily of ion channel proteins. The characteristic domain of these channel proteins comprises six transmembrane domains-(S1-S6), a pore-forming region (P) located between SS and S6, and intracellular amino and carboxy termini. In the Na+ and Ca'-~ subfamilies, this domain is repeated four times, while in the K+
channel subfamily, each channel is fornled from a tetramer of either identical or dissimilar subunits.
The P region contains information specifying the ion selectivity for the channel. In the case. of K+
channels, a GI'G tripeptide is involved in this selectivity (Ishii, T.M. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 94:11651-11656).
Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are necessary for the function of electrically excitable cells, such as nerve and muscle cells. Action potentials, which lead to neurotransnutter release and muscle contraction, arise from large, transient changes in the permeability of the membrane to Na+
and K+ ions. Depolarization of the membrane beyond the threshold level opens voltage-gated Na+
channels. Sodium ions flow into the cell, further depolarizing the membrane and opening more voltage-gated Na+ channels, which propagates the depolarization down the length of the cell.
Depolarization also opens voltage-gated potassium channels. Consequently, potassium ions flow outward, which leads to repolarization of the membrane. Voltage-gated channels utilize charged residues in the fourth transmembrane segment (S4) to sense voltage change. The open state lasts only about 1 millisecond, at which time the channel spontaneously converts into an inactive state that cannot be opened irrespective of the membrane potential. Inactivation is mediated by the channel's N-terminus, which acts as a plug that closes the pore. The transition from an inactive to a closed state requires a return to resting potential.
Voltage-gated Na+ channels are heterotrimeric complexes composed of a 260 kDa pore-forming a subunit that associates with two smaller auxiliary subunits, (31 and X32. The. /32 subunit is a integral membrane glycoprotein that contains an extracellular Ig domain, and its association with a and (31 subunits correlates with increased functional expression of the channel, a change in its gating properties, as well as an increase in whole cell capacitance due to an increase in membrane surface area (Isom, L.L. et al. (1995) Cell 83:433-442).
Non voltage-gated Na+ channels include the members of the amiloride-sensitive.
Na+
channel/degenerin (NaC/DEG) family. Channel subunits of this family are thought to consist of two transmembrane domains flanking a long extracellular loop, with the amino and carboxyl termini located within the cell. The NaC/DEG family includes the epithelial Na+
channel (ENaC) involved in Na+ reabsorption in epithelia including the airway, distal colon, cortical collecting duct of the kidney, and exocrine duct glands. Mutations in ENaC result in pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 and Liddle's syndrome (pseudohyperaldosteronism). The NaC/DEG family also includes the recently characterized H+-gated cation channels or acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC).
ASIC subunits are expressed in the brain and fornl heteromultimeric Na+-permeable channels.
These channels require acid pH fluctuations for activation. ASIC subunits show homology to the.
degenerins, a family of mechanically-gated channels originally isolated from C. elegans. Mutations in the degenerins cause neurodegeneration. ASIC subunits may also have a role in neuronal function, or in pain perception, since tissue acidosis causes pain (Waldmann, R. and M. Lazdunski (1998) Curr.
Opin. Neurobiol.
8:418-424; Eglen, R.M. et al. (1999) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 20:337-342).
K~ channe.ls are located in all cell types, and may be regulated by voltage, ATP
concentration, or second messengers such as Ca'+ and cAMP. In non-excitable tissue, K+ channels are involved in protein synthesis, control of endocrine secretions, and the maintenance of osmotic equilibrium across membranes. In neurons and other excitable cells, in addition to regulating action potentials and repolarizing membranes, K+ channels are responsible for setting resting membrane potential. The cytosol contains non-diffusible anions and, to balance this net negative charge, the cell contains a Na+-K+ pump and ion channels that provide the redistribution of Na+, K+, and Cl-. The pump actively transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell in a 3:2 ratio. Ion channels in the plasma membrane allow K+ and Cl- to flow by passive diffusion. Because of the high negative charge within the cytosol, Cl - flows out of the cell. The flow of K+ is balanced by an electromotive force pulling K+ into the cell, and a K~ concentration gradient pushing K+ out of the cell. Thus, the resting membrane potential is primarily regulated by K+flow (Salkoff, L. and T. Jegla (1995) Neuron 15:489-492).
Potassium channel subunits of the Shaker-like superfamily all have the characteristic six transmembrane/1 pore domain structure. Four subunits combine as homo- or heterotetramers to form functional K channels. These pore-forming subunits also associate with various cytoplasmic (3 subunits that alter channel inactivation kinetics. The Shaker-like channel family includes the voltage-gated K+ channels as well as the delayed rectifier type channels such as the human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) associated with long QT, a cardiac dysrythmia syndrome (Curran, M.E. (1998) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 9:565-572; Kaczorowski, G.J. and M.L. Garcia (1999) Curr. Opin. Chem.
Biol. 3:448-458).
A second superfamily of K+ channels is composed of the inward rectifying channels (ILir).
Kir channels have the property of preferentially conducting K* currents in the inward direction.
These proteins consist of a single potassium selective pore domain and two transmembrane domains , which correspond to the fifth and sixth transmembrane domains of voltage-gated K+ channels. hir subunits also associate as tetramers. The Kir family includes ROMK1, mutations in which lead to Bartter syndrome, a renal tubular disorder. Kir channels are also involved in regulation of cardiac pacemaker activity, seizures and epilepsy, and insulin regulation (Doupnik, C.A. e.t al. ( 1995) Curr.
Opin. Neurobiol. 5:268-277; Cuwan, su ra).
The recently recognized TWIK K+ channel family includes the mammalian TWIK-1, TREK
1 and TASK proteins. Members of this family possess an overall structure with four transmembrane domains and two P domains. These proteins are probably involved in controlling the resting potential in a large set of cell types (Duprat, F. et al. (1997) EMBO J 16:5464-5471).
The voltage-gated Ca'-+ channels have been classified into several subtypes based upon their electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics. L-type Ca'-+
channels are predominantly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle where they play an essential role in excitation-contraction coupling. T-type channels are important for cardiac pacemaker activity, while N-type and P/Q-type channels are involved in the control of neurotransmitter release in the central and peripheral nervous system. The. L-type and N-type voltage-gated Ca'+ channels have been purified and, though their functions differ dramatically, they have similar subunit compositions. The channels are composed of three subunits. The a, subunit forn~s the membrane pore and voltage sensor, while the a~8 and (3 subunits modulate the voltage-dependence, gating properties, and the current amplitude of the channel. These subunits are encoded by at least six a,, one aZB, and four (3 genes. A fourth subunit, y, has been identified in skeletal muscle (Walker, D. et al. (1998) J. Biol.
Chem. 273:2361-2367;
McCleskey, E.W. (1994) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4:304-312).
The transient receptor family (Trp) of calcium ion channels are thought to mediate capacitative calcium entry (CCE). CCE is the Ca'-+ influx into cells to resupply Ca'+ stores depleted by the action of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and other agents in response to numerous hormones and growth factors. Trp and Trp-like were first cloned from Drosophila and have.
similarity to voltage gated Ca2+ channels in the S3 through S6 regions. This suggests that Trp and/or related proteins may form mammalian CCC entry channels (Zhu, X. et al. (1996) Cell 85:661-671;
Boulay, G. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:29672-29680). Melastatin is a gene isolated in both the mouse and human, and whose expression in melanoma cells is inversely correlated with melanoma aggressiveness in vivo.
s The human cDNA transcript corresponds to a 1533-amino acid protein having homology to members of the Trp family. It has been proposed that the combined use of malastatin mRNA expression status and tumor thickness nught allow for the determination of subgroups of patients at both low and high risk for developing metastatic disease (Duncan, L.M, et al (2001) J. Clin.
Oncol. 19:568-576).
Chloride channels are necessary in endocrine secretion and in regulation of cytosolic and organelle pH. In secretory epithelial cells, Cl ~ enters the cell across a basolateral membrane through an Na+, K+/Cl- cotransporter, accumulating in the cell above its electrochemical equilibrium concentration. Secretion of Cl - from the apical surface, in response to hormonal stimulation, leads to flow of Na ~ and water into the secretory lumen. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel encoded by the gene for cystic fibrosis, a common fatal genetic disorder in humans. CFTR is a me.mbe.r of the ABC transporter family, and is composed of two domains each consisting of six transmembrane domains followed by a nucleotide-binding site.
Loss of CFTR function decreases transepithelial water secretion and, as a result, the layers of mucus that coat the respiratory tree, pancreatic ducts, and intestine are dehydrated and difficult to clear. The resulting blockage of these sites leads to pancreatic insufficiency, "meconium ileus", and devastating "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" (AI-Awqati, Q. et al. (1992) J. Exp.
Biol. 172:245-266).
The voltage-gated chloride channels (CLC) are characterized by 10-12 transmembrane domains, as well as two small globular domains known as CBS domains. The CLC
subunits probably function as homotetramers. CLC proteins are involved in regulation of cell volume, membrane potential stabilization, signal transduction, and transepithelial transport. Mutations in CLC-1, expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle, are responsible for autosomal recessive generalized myotonia and autosomal dominant myotonia congenita, while mutations in the kidney channel CLC-5 lead to kidney stones (Jentsch, T.J. (1996) Curr. Opin.
Neurobiol. 6:303-310).
Ligand-gated channels open their poxes when an extracellular or intracellular mediator binds to the channel. Neurotransmitter-gated channels are channels that open when a neurotransmitter binds to their extracellular domain. These channels exist in the. postsynaptic membrane of nerve or muscle cells. There are two types of neurotransmitter-gated channels. Sodium channels open in response to excitatory neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, glutamate, and serotonin. This opening causes an influx of Na+ and produces the initial localized depolarization that activates the voltage-gated channels and starts the action potential. Chloride channels open in response to inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine, leading to hyperpolarization of the membrane and the subsequent generation of an action potential.
Neurotransnutter-gated ion channels have four transmembrane domains and probably function as pentamers (Jentsch, supra). Amino acids in the second transmembrane domain appear to be important in determining channel permeation and selectivity (Sather, W.A. et al. (1994) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol.

4:313-323).
Ligand-gated channels can be regulated by intracellular second messengers. For example, calcium-activated K+ channels are gated by internal calcium ions. In nerve cells, an influx of calcium during depolarization opens h+ channels to modulate the magnitude. of the action potential (Ishi et al., S supra). The large conductance (BK) channel has been purified from brain and its subunit composition determined. The a subunit of the BK channel has seven rather than six transmembrane domains in contrast to voltage-gated K+ channels. The extra transmembrane domain is located at the subunit N-terminus. A 28-amino-acid stretch in the C-ternunal region of the subunit (the "calcium bowl" region) contains many negatively charged residues and is thought to be the region responsible for calcium binding. The ~i subunit consists of two transmembrane domains connected by a glycosylate.d extracellular loop, with intracellular N- and C-termini (Kaczorowski, supra; Vergara, C.
et al. ( 1998) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8:321-329).
Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are gated by cytosolic cyclic nucleotides. The best examples of these are the cAMP-gated Na + channels involved in olfaction and the cGMP-gated cation channels involved in vision. Both systems involve ligand-mediated activation of a G-protein coupled receptor which then alters the level of cyclic nucleotide within the cell. CNG
channels also represent a major pathway for Ca'+ entry into neurons, and play roles in neuronal development and plasticity.
CNG channels are tetramers containing at least two types of subunits, an a subunit which can form functional homomeric channels, and a (3 subunit, which modulates the. channel properties. All CNG
subunits have six transmembrane domains and a pore forming region between the fifth and sixth transmembrane domains, similar to voltage-gated K+ channels. A large C-terminal domain contains a cyclic nucleotide binding domain, while the N-terminal domain confers variation among channel subtypes (Zufall, F. et al. (1997) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7:404-412).
The activity of other types of ion channel proteins may also be modulated by a variety of intracellular signalling proteins. Many channels have sites for phosphorylation by one or more protein kinases including protein kinase A, protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase, and casein kinase II, all of which regulate ion channel activity in cells. Kir channels are activated by the binding of the G(3~y subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Reimann, F. and F.M. Ashcroft (1999) Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol.
11:503-508). Other proteins are involved in the localization of ion channels to specific sites in the cell membrane. Such proteins include the PDZ domain proteins known as MAGUKs (membrane-associated guanylate kinases) which regulate the clustering of ion channels at neuronal synapses (Craven, S.E. and D.S. Bredt (1998) Cell 93:495-49S).
Disease Correlation The etiology of numerous human diseases and disorders can be attributed to defects in the transport of molecules across membranes. Defects in the trafficking of membrane-bound transporters and ion channels are associated with several disorders, e.g., cystic fibrosis, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, von Gierke disease, and certain forms of diabetes mellitus. Single-gene defect diseases resulting in an inability to transport small molecules across membranes include, e.g., cystinuria, iminoglycinuria, Hartup disease, and Fanconi disease (van't Hoff, W.G. (1996) Exp. Nephrol. 4:253-262; Talente, G.M. et al. (1994) Ann. Intern.
Med. 120:218-226;
and Chillon, M. et al. (1995) New Engl. J. Med. 332:1475-1480).
Human diseases caused by mutations in ion channel genes include disorders of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and the central nervous system. Mutations in the pore-forming subunits of sodium and chloride channels cause myotonia, a muscle disorder in which relaxation after voluntary contraction is delayed. Sodium channel myotonias have been treated with channel blockers.
Mutations in muscle sodium and calcium channels cause forms of periodic paralysis, while. mutations in the sarcoplasmic calcium release channel, T-tubule calcium channel, and muscle sodium channel cause malignant hyperthermia. Cardiac arrythmia disorders such as the long QT
syndromes and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation are caused by mutations in potassium and sodium chaimels (Cooper, E.C. and L.Y. Jan ( 1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:4759-4766). All four known human idiopathic epilepsy genes code for ion channel proteins (Berkovic, S,F. and LE. Scheffer (1999) Curr.
Opin. Neurology 12:177-182). Other neurological disorders such as ataxias, hemiplegic migraine and hereditary deafness can also result from mutations in ion channel genes (Jen, J. (1999) Curr. Opin.
Neurobiol. 9:274-?80; Cooper, supra).
Ion channels have been the target for many drug therapies. Neurotransmitter-gated channels have been targeted in therapies for treatment of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia.
Voltage-gated channels have been targeted in therapies for arrhythmia, ischenuc stroke, head trauma, and neurodegenerative disease (Taylor, C.P. and L.S. Narasimhan (1997) Adv.
Pharmacol. 39:47-98).
Various classes of ion channels also play an important role in the perception of pain, and thus are potential targets for new analgesics. These include the vanilloid-gated ion channels, which are activated by the vanilloid capsaicin, as well as by noxious heat. Local anesthetics such as lidocaine and mexiletine which blockade voltage-gated Na+ channels have been useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain (Eglen, supra).
Ion channels in the immune system have recently been suggested as targets for immunomodulation. T-cell activation depends upon calcium signaling, and a diverse set of T-cell specific ion channels has been characterized that affect this signaling process. Channel blocking agents can inhibit secretion of lymphokines, cell proliferation, and killing of target cells. A peptide antagonist of the T-cell potassium channel Iivl.3 was found to suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity and allogenic responses in pigs, validating the idea of channel blockers as safe and efficacious immunosuppressants (Cahalan, M.D. and K.G. Chandy (1997) Curr. Opin.
Biotechnol. 8:749-756).
The discovery of new transporters and ion channels and the polynucleotides encoding them satisfies a need in the art by providing new compositions which are useful in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of transport, neurological, muscle, imnnunological, and cell proliferative disorders, and in the assessment of the effects of exogenous compounds on the expression of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of transporters and ion channels.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention features purified polypeptides, transporters and ion channels, referred to collectively as "TRICH" and individually as "TRICH-I," "TRICH-2,""TRICH-3,"
"TRICH-4,""TRICH-5," "TRICH-6,""TRICH-7," "TRICH-8,""TRICH-9,"
"TRICH-10,""TRICH-I 1," "TRICH-12,""TRICH-13,'' "TRICH-14," and "TRICH-15." In one aspect, the invention provides an isolated polypeptide selected from the youp consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-IS 15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15. In one alternative, the invention provides an isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ )D NO:1-15.
The invention further provides an isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an anuno acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, b) a naturally occut~ring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the b oup consisting of SEQ
ID NO:1-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, and d) an irrununogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID ZVO:1-I5.
In one alternative, the polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:I-15. In another alternative, the polynucleotide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ff~ N0:16-30.
Additionally, the invention provides a recombinant polynucleotide comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the b oup consisting of SEQ 117 NO:I-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an anuno acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:l-15. In one alternative, the invention provides a cell transfomned with the recombinant polynucleotide. )i~
another alternative, the invention provides a transgenic organism comprising the recombinant polynucleotide.
The invention also provides a method for producing a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the. group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polype.ptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15. The method comprises a) culturing a cell under conditions suitable for expression of the polypeptide, wherein said cell is transformed with a recombinant polynucleotide comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide, and b) recovering the polypeptide so expressed.
Additionally, the invention provides an isolated antibody which specifically binds to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an anuno acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an anuno acid sequence at least 90% identical to an anuno acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ >D NO:1-15, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ
)D NO:1-1S.
The invention further provides an isolated polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D N0:16-30, b) a naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
N0:16-30, c) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of a), d) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of b), and e) an RNA equivalent of a)-d).
In one alternative, the polynucleotide comprises at least 60 contiguous nucleotides.
Additionally, the invention provides a method for detecting a target polynucleotide in a sample, said target polynucleotide having a sequence of a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a)~a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D N0:16-30, b) a naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D N0:16-30, c) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of a), d) a polynucIeotide complementary to the polynucleotide of b), and e) an RNA
equivalent of a)-d). The method comprises a) hybridizing the sample with a probe comprising at least ?0 contiguous nucleotides comprising a sequence complementary to said target polynucleotide in the sample, and which probe specifically hybridizes to said target polynucleotide, under conditions whereby a hybridization complex is formed between said probe and said target polynucleotide or fragments thereof, and b) detecting the presence or absence of said hybridization complex, and optionally, if present, the amount thereof. In one alternative, the probe comprises at least 60 contiguous nucleotides.
The invention further provides a method for detecting a target polynucleotide in a sample, said target polynucleotide having a sequence of a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of a) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0:16-30, b) a naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D
N0:16-30, c) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide. of a), d) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of b), and e) an RNA equivalent of a)-d).
The method comprises a) amplifying said target polynucleotide or fragment thereof using polymerase chain reaction amplification, and b) detecting the presence or absence of said amplified target polynucleotide or fragment thereof, and, optionally, if present, the amount thereof.
The invention further provides a composition comprising an effective amount of a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ
ID NO:1-15, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In one embodiment, the composition comprises an amino acid sequence. selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-15. The invention additionally provides a method of treating a disease or condition associated with decreased expression of functional TRICH, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment the composition.
The invention also provides a method for screening a compound for effectiveness as an agonist of a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ LDYNO:1-15, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an anuno acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15. The method comprises a) exposing a sample comprising the polypeptide to a compound, and b) detecting agonist activity in the sample. In one alternative, the invention provides a composition comprising an agonist compound identified by the method and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. )1i another alternative, the invention provides a method of treating a disease or condition associated with decreased expression of functional TRICH, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment the composition.
Additionally, the invention provides a method for screening a compound for effectiveness as an antagonist of a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ )D NO:1-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90°Io identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-1S, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, and d) an itmnunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15. The method comprises a) exposing a sample comprising the polypeptide to a compound, and b) detecting antagonist activity in the sample.
In one alternative, the invention provides a composition comprising an antagonist compound identified by the method and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In another alternative, the invention provides a method of treating a disease or condition associated with overexpression of functional TRICH, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment the composition.
The invention further provides a method of screening for a compound that specifically binds to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an anuno acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide cmoprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ
ID NO:1-15. The method comprises a) combining the polypeptide with at least one test compound under suitable conditions, and b) detecting binding of the polypeptide to the test compound, thereby identifying a compound that specifically binds to the polypeptide.
The invention further provides a method of screening for a compound that modulates the activity of a polypeptide selected from the b oup consisting of a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ >D NO:l-15, c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an anuno acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, and d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15. The method comprises a) combining the polypeptide with at least one test compound under conditions permissive for the activity of the polypeptide, b) assessing the activity of the polypeptide in the presence of the test compound, and c) comparing the activity of the polypeptide in the presence of the test compound with the activity of the polypeptide in the absence of the test compound, wherein a change in the activity of the polypeptide in the presence of the test compound is indicative of a compound that modulates the activity of the polypeptide.
The invention further provides a method for screening a compound for effectiveness in altering expression of a target polynucleotide, wherein said target polynucleotide comprises a sequence. selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0:16-30, the method comprising a) exposing a sample comprising the target polynucle.otide to a compound, and b) detecting altered expression of the target polynucleotide.
The invention further provides a method for assessing toxicity of a test compound, said method comprising a) treating a biological sample containing nucleic acids with the test compound;
b) hybridizing the nucleic acids of the treated biological sample with a probe comprising at least 20 contiguous nucleotides of a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of i) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ
ID N0:16-30, ii) a naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0:16-30, iii) a polynucleotide having a sequence complementary to i), iv) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of ii), and v) an RNA equivalent of i)-iv). Hybridization occurs under conditions whereby a specific hybridization complex is formed between said probe and a target polynucleotide in the biological sample, said target polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of i) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
N0:16-30, ii) a naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0:16-30, iii) a poIynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of i), iv) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of ii), and v) an RNA equivalent of i)-iv).
Alternatively, the target polynucleotide comprises a fragment of a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of i)-v) above; c) quantifying the amount of hybridization complex; and d) comparing the amount of hybridization complex in the treated biological sample with the amount of hybridization complex in an untreated biological sample, wherein a difference in the amount of hybridization complex in the treated biological sample is indicative of toxicity of the test compound.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES
Table 1 summarizes the nomenclature for the full length polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences of the present invention.
Table 2 shows the GenBank identification number and annotation of the nearest GenBank homolog for polypeptides of the invention. The probability score for the match between each polypeptide and its GenBank homolog is also shown.
Table 3 shows stmctural features of polypeptide sequences of the invention, including predicted motifs and domains, along with the methods, algorithms, and searchable databases used for analysis of the polypeptides.
Table 4 lists the eDNA and genomic DNA fragments which were used to assemble polynucleotide sequences of the invention, along with selected fragments of the polynucleotide sequences.
Table 5 shows the representative cDNA library for polynucleotides of the invention.
Table 6 provides an appendix which describes the tissues and vectors used for construction of the cDNA libraries shown in Table 5.
Table 7 shows the tools, programs, and algorithms used to analyze the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention, along with applicable descriptions, references, and threshold parameters.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Before the present proteins, nucleotide sequences, and methods are described, it is understood that this invention is not limited to the. particular machines, materials and methods described, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to linut the scope of the present invention which will be limited only by the appended claims.
It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an,"
and "the" include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to "a host cell" includes a plurality of such host cells, and a reference to "an antibody" is a reference to one or more antibodies and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Although any machines, materials, and methods similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used to practice or test the present invention, the preferred machines, materials and methods are now described. All publications mentioned herein are cited for the propose of describing and disclosing the cell lines, protocols, reagents and vectors which are reported in the publications and which nught be used in connection with the invention. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the.
invention is not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
DEFINITIONS
"TRICH" refers to the amino acid sequences of substantially purified TRICH
obtained from any species, particularly a mammalian species, including bovine, ovine, porcine, murine, equine, and human, and from any source, whether natural, synthetic, semi-synthetic, or recombinant.
The term "agonist" refers to a molecule which intensifies or mimics the biological activity of TRICH. Agonists may include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, small molecules, or any other compound or composition which modulates the activity of TRICH either by directly interacting with TRICH or by acting on components of the. biological pathway in which TRICH
participates.
An "allelic variant" is an alternative form of the gene encoding TRICH.
Allelic variants may result from at least one mutation in the nucleic acid sequence and may result in altered mRNAs or in polypeptides whose structure or function may or may not be altered. A gene may have none, one, or many allelic variants of its naturally occurring form. Common mutational changes which give rise to allelic variants are generally ascribed to natural deletions, additions, or substitutions of nucleotides.
Each of these types of changes may occur alone, or in combination with the others, one or more times in a given sequence.
"Altered" nucleic acid sequences encoding TRICH include those sequences with deletions, insertions, or substitutions of different nucleotides, resulting in a polypeptide the same as TRICH or a polypeptide with at least one functional characteristic of TRICH. Included within this definition are polymorphisms which may or may not be readily detectable using a particular oligonucleotide probe of the polynucleotide encoding TRICH, and improper or unexpected hybridization to allelic variants, with a locus other than the normal chromosomal locus for the polynucleotide sequence encoding TRICH. The encoded protein may also be "altered," and may contain deletions, insertions, or substitutions of amino acid residues which produce a silent change and result in a functionally equivalent TRICH. Deliberate amino acid substitutions may be made on the basis of sinularity in polarity, charge, solubility, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and/or the amphipathic nature of the residues, as long as the biological or immunological activity of TRICH is retained. For example, negatively charged amino acids may include aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and positively charged amino acids may include lysine. and arginine. Amino acids with uncharged polar side. chains having is similar hydrophilicity values may include: asparagine and glutamine; and serine and threonine.
Amino acids with uncharged side chains having similar hydrophilicity values may include: leucine, isoleucine, and valine; glycine and alanine; and phenylalanine and tyrosine.
The terms "anuno acid" and "amino acid sequence" refer to an oligopeptide, peptide, polypeptide, or protein sequence, or a fragment of any of these, and to naturally occurring or synthetic molecules. Where "amino acid sequence" is recited to refer to a sequence of a naturally occurring protein molecule, "amino acid sequence" and like terms are not meant to limit the anuno acid sequence to the complete native amino acid sequence associated with the.
recited protein molecule.
"Amplification" relates to the production of additional copies of a nucleic acid sequence.
Amplification is generally carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technologies well known in the art.
The term "antagonist" refers to a molecule which inhibits or attenuates the biological activity of TRICH. Antagonists may include proteins such as antibodies, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, small molecules, or any other compound or composition which modulates the activity of TRICH either by directly interacting with TRICH or by acting on components of the biological pathway in which TRICH participates.
The term "antibody" refers to intact immunoglobulin molecules as well as to fragments thereof, such as Fab, F(ab')~, and Fv fragments, which are capable of binding an epitopic determinant.
Antibodies that bind TRICH polypeptides can be prepared using intact polypeptides or using fragments containing small peptides of interest as the immunizing antigen. The polype.ptide or oligopeptide used to immunize an animal (e.g., a mouse, a rat, or a rabbit) can be derived from the translation of RNA, or synthesized chemically, and can be conjugated to a carrier protein if desired.
Commonly used carriers that are chemically coupled to peptides include bovine serum albumin, thyroglobulin, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (hLH). The coupled peptide is then used to immunize the animal.
The term "antigenic determinant" refers to that region of a molecule (i.e., an epitope) that makes contact with a particular antibody. When a protein or a fragment of a protein is used to inununize a host animal, numerous regions of the protein may induce the production of antibodies which bind specifically to antigenic determinants (particular regions or three-dimensional structures on the protein). An antigenic determinant may compete with the intact antigen (i.e., the immunogen used to elicit the immune response) for binding to an antibody.
The term "antisense" refers to any composition capable of base-pairing with the "sense"
(coding) strand of a specific nucleic acid sequence. Antisense compositions may include DNA;
RNA; peptide nucleic acid (PNA); oligonucleotides having modified backbone linkages such as phosphorothioates, methylphosphonates, or benzylphosphonates; oligonucleotides having modified sugar groups such as 2'-methoxyethyl sugars or ?'-methoxyethoxy sugars; or oligonucleotides having modified bases such as 5-methyl cytosine, 2'-deoxyuracil, or 7-deaza-?'-deoxyguanosine. Antisense molecules may be produced by any method including chemical synthesis or transcription. Once introduced into a cell, the complementary antisense molecule base-pairs with a naturally occurring nucleic acid sequence. produced by the cell to form duplexes which block either transcription or translation. The designation "negative" or "minus" can refer to the antisense strand, and the designation "positive" or "plus" can refer to the sense strand of a reference DNA molecule.
The term "biologically active" refers to a protein having structural, reb latory, or biochemical functions of a naturally occurring molecule. Likewise, "in ununologically active" or "in-ununogenic"
refers to the capability of the natural, recombinant, or synthetic. TRICH, or of any oligopeptide thereof, to induce a specific immune response in appropriate animals or cells and to bind with specific antibodies.
"Complementary" describes the relationship between two single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that anneal by base-pairing. For example, 5'-AGT-3' pairs with its complement, IS 3'-TCA-5'.
A "composition comprising a given polynucleotide sequence" and a "composition comprising a given amino acid sequence" refer broadly to any composition containing the given polynucleotide or amino acid sequence. The. composition may comprise a dry formulation or an aqueous solution.
Compositions comprising polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH or fragments of TRICH may be employed as hybridization probes. The probes may be stored in freeze-dried form and may be associated with a stabilizing agent such as a carbohydrate. In hybridizations, the probe may be deployed in an aqueous solution containing salts (e.g., NaCI), detergents (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS), and other components (e.g., Denhardt's solution, dry milk, salmon sperm DNA, etc.).
"Consensus sequence" refers to a nucleic acid sequence which has been subjected to repeated DNA sequence analysis to resolve uncalled bases, extended using the XL-PCR kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City CA) in the 5' and/or the 3' direction, and resequenced, or which has been assembled from one or more overlapping cDNA, EST, or genomic DNA fragments using a computer program for fragment assembly, such as the GELVIEW fragment assembly system (GCG, Madison Wl] or Phrap (University of Washington, Seattle WA). Some sequences have been both extended and assembled to produce the consensus sequence.
"Conservative amino acid substitutions" are those substitutions that are predicted to least interfere with the properties of the original protein, i.e., the structure and especially the function of the protein is conserved and not significantly changed by such substitutions.
The table below shows amino acids which may be substituted for an original amino acid in a protein and which are regarded as conservative anuno acid substitutions.

Original Residue Conservative Substitution Ala Gly, Ser Arg His, Lys Asn Asp, Gln, His Asp Asn, Glu Cys Ala, Ser Gln Asn, Glu, His Glu Asp, Gln, His Gly Ala His Asn, Arg, Gln, Glu Ile Le,u, Val Leu Ile, Val Lys Arg, Gln, Glu Met Leu, Ile Phe His, Met, Leu, Trp, Tyr Ser Cys, Thr Thr Ser, VaI

Trp Phe, Tyr Tyr His, Phe, Trp ?0 Val Ile, Leu, Thr Conservative amino acid substitutions generally maintain (a) the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the area of the substitution, for example, as a beta sheet or alpha helical conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the. molecule at the site of the substitution, and/or (c) the bulk of the side chain.
A "deletion" refers to a change in the amino acid or nucleotide sequence that results in the absence of one or more amino acid residues or nucleotides.
The term "derivative" refers to a chenucally modified polynucleotide or polypeptide.
Chemical modifications of a polynucleotide can include, for example, replacement of hydrogen by an alkyl, acyl, hydroxyl, or anuno group. A derivative polynucle.otide encodes a polypeptide which retains at least one biological or inununological function of the natural molecule. A derivative polypeptide is one modified by glycosylation, pegylation, or any similar process that retains at least one biological or immunological function of the polypeptide from which it was derived.
A "detectable label" refers to a reporter molecule. or enzyme that is capable of generating a measurable signal and is covalently or noncovalently joined to a polynucleotide or polypeptide.
A "fragment" is a unique portion of TRICH or the polynucleotide encoding TRICH
which is identical in sequence to but shorter in length than the parent sequence. A
fragment may comprise up to the entire length of the defined sequence, minus one. nucleotide/amino acid residue. For example, a fragment may comprise from 5 to 1000 contiguous nucleotides or amino acid residues. A fragment used as a probe, primer, antigen, therapeutic molecule, or for other purposes, may be at least 5, 10, 15, 16, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 150, 250 or at least 500 contiguous nucleotides or amino acid residues in length. Fragments may be preferentially selected from certain regions of a molecule. For example, a polypeptide fragment may comprise a certain length of contiguous amino acids selected from the first 250 or 500 amino acids (or first 25% or 50%) of a polypeptide as shown in a certain defined sequence. Clearly these lengths are exemplary, and any length that is supported by the specification, including the Sequence Listing, tables, and figures, may be encompassed by the present embodiments.
A fragment of SEQ ID N0:16-30 comprises a region of unique polynucleotide sequence that specifically identifies SEQ ID N0:16-30, for example, as distinct from any other sequence in the genome from which the fragment was obtained. A fragment of SEQ ID N0:16-30 is useful, for example., in hybridization and amplification technologies and in analogous methods that distinguish SEQ ID N0:16-30 from related polynucleotide sequences. The precise length of a fragment of SEQ
ID N0:16-30 and the region of SEQ ID N0:16-30 to which the fragment corresponds are routinely determinable by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the intended purpose for the fragment.
A fragment of SEQ ID NO:1-15 is encoded by a fragment of SEQ ID N0:16-30. A
fragment of SEQ ID NO:1-15 comprises a region of unique amino acid sequence that specifically identifies SEQ ID NO:1-15. For example, a fragment of SEQ ID NO:1-15 is useful as an immunogenic peptide for the development of antibodies that specifically recognize SEQ ID NO:l-15.
The precise length of a fragment of SEQ ID NO:1-15 and the region of SEQ ID NO:1-15 to which the fragment corresponds are routinely determinable by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the intended purpose for the fragment.
A "full length" polynucleotide sequence is one containing at least a translation initiation codon (e.g., methionine) followed by an open reading frame and a translation termination codon. A
"full length" polynucleotide sequence encodes a "full length" polypeptide sequence.
"Homology" refers to sequence similarity or, interchangeably, sequence identity, between two or more polynucleotide sequences or two or more polypeptide sequences.
The terms "percent identity" and "% identity," as applied to polynucleotide sequences, refer to the percentage of residue matches between at least two polynucleotide.
sequences aligned using a standardized algorithm. Such an algorithm may insert, in a standardized and reproducible way, gaps in the sequences being compared in order to optimize alignment between two sequences, and therefore achieve a more meaningful comparison of the two sequences.
Percent identity between polynucleotide sequences may be determined using the default parameters of the CLUSTAL V algorithm as incorporated into the MEGALIGN
version 3.12e sequence alib ~ment program. This program is part of the LASERGENE software package, a suite of molecular biological analysis programs (DNASTAR, Madison WI). CLUSTAL V is described in Higgins, D.G. and P.M. Sharp (1989) CABIOS 5:151-153 and in Higgins, D.G. et al. (1992) CABIOS

8:189-191. For pairwise alignments of polynucleotide sequences, the default parameters are set as follows: Ktuple=2, gap penalty=5, window=4, and "diagonals saved"=4. The "weighted" residue weight table is selected as the default. Percent identity is reported by CLUSTAL V as the "percent similarity" between aligned polynucleotide sequences.
Alternatively, a suite of commonly used and freely available sequence comparison algorithms is provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (Altschul, S.F. et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410), which is available from several sources, including the NCBI, Bethesda, MD, and on the Internet at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/. The BLAST software suite includes various sequence analysis programs including "blastn," that is used to align a known polynucle.otide sequence with other polynucleotide sequences from a variety of databases. Also available is a tool called "BLAST 2 Sequences" that is used for direct pairwise comparison of two nucleotide sequences. "BLAST 2 Sequences" can be accessed and used interactively at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/bl2.htn~l.
The "BLAST 2 Sequences" tool can be used for both blastn and blastp (discussed below). BLAST
programs are commonly used with gap and other parameters set to default settings. For example., to compare two nucleotide sequences, one may use blastn with the "BLAST 2 Sequences" tool Version 2Ø12 (April-21-2000) set at default parameters. Such default parameters may be, for example:
Matrix: BLOSUM62 Reward for thatch: 1 Penalt)~ for htisthatch: -2 Opett Gap: S ahd Extension Gap: 2 pettnlties Gap x drop-off. 50 Expect: 10 Word Site: 1l Filter: oti Percent identity may be measured over the length of an entire defined sequence, for example, as defined by a particular SEQ ID number, or may be measured over a shorter length, for example, over the length of a fragment taken from a larger, defined sequence, for instance, a fragment of at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 70, at least 100, or at least 200 contiguous nucleotides. Such lengths are exemplary only, and it is understood that any fragment length supported by the sequences shown herein, in the tables, figures, or Sequence Listing, may be used to describe a length over which percentage identity may be measured.
Nucleic acid sequences that do not show a high degree of identity may nevertheless encode similar amino acid sequences due to the. degeneracy of the genetic code. It is understood that changes in a nucleic acid sequence can be made using this degeneracy to produce multiple nucleic acid sequences that all encode substantially the same protein.
The phrases "percent identity" and "°Io identity," as applied to polypeptide sequences, refer to the percentage of residue matches between at least two polypeptide sequences aligned using a standardized algorithm. Methods of polypeptide sequence alignment are well-known. Some alignment methods take into account conservative amino acid substitutions.
Such conservative substitutions, explained in more. detail above, generally preserve the charge and-hydrophobicity at the site of substitution, thus preserving the structure (and therefore function) of the polypeptide.
Percent identity between polypeptide sequences may be determined using the default parameters of the CLUSTAL V algorithm as incorporated into the MEGALIGN
version 3.12e sequence alignment prob am (described and referenced above). For pairwise alignments of polypeptide sequences using CLUSTAL V, the default parameters are set as follows: Ktuple=1, gap penalty=3, window=5, and "diagonals saved"=5. The PAM250 matrix is selected as the default residue weight table. As with polynucleotide alignments, the percent identity is reported by CLUSTAL V as the "percent similarity" between aligned polypeptide sequence pairs.
Alternatively the NCBI BLAST software suite may be used. For example, for a pairwise comparison of two polypeptide sequences, one may use the "BLAST 2 Sequences"
tool Version 2Ø12 (April-21-2000) with blastp set at default parameters. Such default parameters may be, for example:
Matrix: BLOSUN16~
OperZ Gap: 11 and E.vtensio~z Gap: I penalties Cap x drop-off.' SO
Expect: 10 Word Size: 3 Filter: o~T
Percent identity may be measured over the length of an entire defined polypeptide sequence, for example, as defined by a particular SEQ TD number, or may be measured over a shorter length, for example, over the length of a fragment taken from a larger, defined polypeptide sequence, for instance, a fragment of at least 15, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 70 or at least 150 contiguous residues. Such lengths are exemplary only, and it is understood that any fragment length supported by the sequences shown herein, in the tables, figures or Sequence Listing, may be used to describe a length over which percentage identity may be measured.
"Human artificial chromosomes" (HACs) are linear microchromosomes which may contain DNA sequences of about 6 kb to 10 Mb in size and which contain all of the elements required for chromosome replication, segregation and maintenance.
The term "humanized antibody" refers to an antibody molecule in which the amino acid sequence in the non-antigen binding regions has been altered so that the antibody more closely resembles a human antibody, and still retains its original binding ability.
"Hybridization" refers to the process by which a polynucleotide strand anneals with a complementary strand through base pairing under defined hybridization conditions. Specific hybridization is an indication that two nucleic acid sequences share a high degree of complementarity.
Specific hybridization complexes form under permissive annealing conditions and remain hybridized after the "washing" step(s). The washing steps) is particularly important in deternuning the stringency of the hybridization process, with more stringent conditions allowing less non-specific binding, i.e., binding between pairs of nucleic acid strands that are not perfectly matched. Permissive conditions for annealing of nucleic acid sequences are routinely determinable by one of ordinary skill in the art and may be consistent among hybridization experiments, whereas wash conditions may be varied among experiments to achieve the desired stringency, and therefore hybridization specificity.
Permissive annealing conditions occur, for example, at 68°C in the presence of about 6 x SSC, about 1% (w/v) SDS, and about 100 pg/ml sheared, denatured salmon sperm DNA.
Generally, stringency of hybridization is expressed, in part, with reference to the temperature under which the wash step is carried out. Such wash temperatures are typically selected to be about 5°C to 20°C Iower than the thermal melting point (Tm) for the specific sequence at a defined ionic strength and pH. The Tm is the temperature (under defined ionic strength and pH) at which 50% of the target sequence hybridizes to a perfectly matched probe. An equation for calculating Tm and conditions for nucleic acid hybridization are well known and can be found in Sambrook, J. et al.
(1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2"d ed., vol. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview NY; specifically see volume 2, chapter 9.
High stringency conditions for hybridization between polynucleotides of the present invention include wash conditions of 68°C in the presence of about 0.2 x SSC and about 0.1% SDS, for 1 hour. Alternatively, temperatures of about 65°C, 60°C, 55°C, or 42°C may be used. SSC
concentration may be varied from about 0.1 to 2 x SSC, with SDS being present at about 0.1%.
Typically, blocking reagents are used to block non-specific hybridization.
Such blocking reagents include, for instance, sheared and denatured salmon sperm DNA at about 100-200 pg/ml. Organic solvent, such as foimamide at a concentration of about 35-50% v/v, may also be used under particular circumstances, such as for RNA:DNA hybridizations. Useful variations on these wash conditions will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Hybridization, particularly under high stringency conditions, may be suggestive of evolutionary similarity between the nucleotides. Such similarity is strongly indicative of a similar role for the nucleotides and their encoded polypeptide.s.
The term "hybridization complex" refers to a complex formed between two nucleic acid sequences by virtue of the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. A

hybridization complex may be formed in solution (e.g., Cot or Rot analysis) or formed between one nucleic acid sequence present in solution and another nucleic acid sequence immobilized on a solid support (e.g., paper, membranes, filters, chips, pins or glass slides, or any other appropriate substrate to which cells or their nucleic acids have been fixed).
The words "insertion" and "addition" refer to changes in an amino acid or nucleotide sequence resulting in the addition of one or more amino acid residues or nucleotides, respectively.
"Innnune response" can refer to conditions associated with inflanumation, trauma, immune disorders, or infectious or genetic disease, etc. These conditions can be characterized by expression of various factors, e.g., cytokines, chemokines, and other signaling molecules, which may affect cellular and systemic defense systems.
An "irrnnunogenic fragment" is a polypeptide or oligopeptide fragment of TRICH
which is capable of eliciting an immune response when introduced into a living organism, for example, a mammal. The term "imnunogenic fragment" also includes any polypeptide or oligopeptide fragment of TRICH which is useful in any of the antibody production methods disclosed herein or known in the art.
The term "microarray" refers to an arrangement of a plurality of polynucleotides, polypeptides, or other chemical compounds on a substrate.
The terms "element" and "array element" refer to a polynucleotide, polypeptide, or other chemical compound having a unique and defined position on a microarray.
The term "modulate" refers to a change in the activity of TRICH. For example, modulation may cause an increase or a decrease in protein activity, binding characteristics, or any other biological, functional, or immunological properties of TRICH.
The phrases "nucleic acid" and "nucleic acid sequence" refer to a nucleotide, oligonucleotide, polynucleotide, or any fragment thereof. These phrases also refer to DNA or RNA of genomic or synthetic origin which may be single-stranded or double-stranded and may represent the sense or the antisense strand, to peptide nucleic acid (PNA), or to any DNA-like or RNA-like material.
"Operably linked" refers to the situation in which a first nucleic acid sequence is placed in a functional relationship with a second nucleic acid sequence. For instance, a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter affects the transcription or expression of the coding sequence. Operably linked DNA sequences may be in close proximity or contiguous and, where necessary to join two protein coding regions, in the same reading frame.
"Peptide nucleic acid" (PNA) refers to an antisense molecule or anti-gene agent which comprises an oligonucleotide of at least about 5 nucleotides in length linked to a peptide backbone of amino acid residues ending in lysine. The terminal lysine confers solubility to the composition.
PNAs preferentially bind complementary single stranded DNA or RNA and stop transcript elongation, and may be pegylated to extend their lifespan in the cell.
"Post-translational modification" of an TRICH may involve lipidation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, racemization, proteolytic cleavage, and other modifications known in the art. These processes may occur synthetically or biochemically. Biochemical modifications will vary by cell type depending on the enzymatic milieu of TRICH.
"Probe" refers to nucleic acid sequences encoding TRICH, their complements, or fragments thereof, which are used to detect identical, allelic or related nucleic acid sequences. Probes are isolated oligonucleotides or polynucleotides attached to a detectable label or reporter molecule.
Typical labels include radioactive isotopes, ligands, chemiluminescent agents, and enzymes.
"Primers" are short nucleic acids, usually DNA oligonucleotides, which may be annealed to a target polynucleotide by complementary base-pairing. The primer may then be extended along the target DNA strand by a DNA polymerise enzyme. Primer pairs can be used for amplification (and identification) of a nucleic acid sequence, e.g., by the polyme.rase chain reaction (PCR).
Probes and primers as used in the present invention typically comprise at least 15 contiguous IS nucleotides of a known sequence. In order to enhance specificity, longer probes and primers may also be employed, such as probes and primers that comprise at least 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or at least 150 consecutive nucleotides of the. disclosed nucleic acid sequences. Probes and primers may be considerably longer than these examples, and it is understood that any length supported by the specification, including the tables, figures, and Sequence Listing, may be used.
Methods for preparing and using probes and primers are described in the references, for example Sambrook, J. et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2"d ed., vol. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview NY; Ausubel, F.M. et al. ( 1987) Current Protocols in Molecular BiolOay, Greene Publ. Assoc. & Wiley-Intersciences, New York NY; Innis,1~I. et al. (1990) PCR
Protocols, A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego CA.
PCR primer pairs can be derived from a known sequence, for example, by using computer programs intended for that purpose such as Primer (Version 0.5, 1991, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA).
Oligonucleotides for use as primers are selected using software known in the art for such purpose. For example, OLIGO 4.06 software is useful for the selection of PCR
primer pairs of up to 100 nucleotides each, and for the analysis of oligonucleotides and larger polynucleotides of up to 5,000 nucleotides from an input polynucleotide sequence of up to 32 kilobases.
Similar primer selection programs have incorporated additional features for expanded capabilities. For example, the PrimOU primer selection program (available to the public from the Genome Center at University of Texas South West Medical Center, Dallas TX) is capable of choosing specific primers from megabase sequences and is thus useful for designing primers on a genome-wide scope. The Primer3 primer selection program (available to the public from the Whitehead Institute/MTT Center for Genome Research, Cambridge MA) allows the user to input a "misprinting library," in which sequences to avoid as primer binding sites are user-specified. Primer3 is useful, in particular, for the selection of oligonucleotides for microarrays. (The source code for the latter two primer selection programs may also be obtained from their respective sources and modified to meet the user's specific needs.) The PrimeGen program (available to the public from the UK Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre, Cambridge UK) designs primers based on multiple sequence alignments, thereby allowing selection of primers that hybridize to either the. most conserved or least conserved regions of aligned nucleic acid sequences. Hence, this program is useful for identification of both unique and conserved oligonucleotides and polynucleotide fragments. The oligonucleotides and polynucleotide fragments identified by any of the above selection methods are useful in hybridization technologies, for example, as PCR or sequencing primers, microarray elements, or specific probes to identify fully or partially complementary polynucleotides in a sample of nucleic acids. Methods of oligonucleotide selection are not limited to those described above. .
A "recombinant nucleic acid" is a sequence that is not naturally occuwing or has a sequence that is made by an artificial combination of two or more otherwise separated segments of sequence.
This artificial combination is often accomplished by chemical synthesis or, more commonly, by the artificial manipulation of isolated segments of nucleic acids, e.g., by genetic engineering techniques such as those described in Sambrook, supra. The term recombinant includes nucleic acids that have been altered solely by addition, substitution, or deletion of a portion of the nucleic acid. Frequently, a recombinant nucleic acid may include a nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a promoter sequence. Such a recombinant nucleic acid may be part of a vector that is used, for example, to transform a cell.
Alternatively, such recombinant nucleic acids may be part of a viral vector, e.g., based on a vaccinia virus, that could be use to vaccinate a mammal wherein the recombinant nucleic acid is expressed, inducing a protective immunological response in the mammal.
A "regulatory element" refers to a nucleic acid sequence usually derived from untranslated regions of a gene and includes enhancers, promoters, introns, and 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Regulatory elements interact with host or viral proteins which control transcription, translation, or RNA stability.
"Reporter molecules" are chemical or biochemical moieties used for labeling a nucleic acid, anuno acid, or antibody. Reporter molecules include radionuclides; enzymes;
fluorescent, chemiluminescent, or chromogenic agents; substrates; cofactors; inhibitors;
magnetic particles; and other moieties known in the art.
An "RNA equivalent," in reference to a DNA sequence, is composed of the same linear sequence of nucleotides as the reference DNA sequence with the exception that all occurrences of the nitrogenous base thymine are replaced with uracil, and the sugar backbone is composed of ribose instead of deoxyribose.
The term "sample" is used in its broadest sense. A sample suspected of containing TRICH, nucleic acids encoding TRICH, or fragments thereof may comprise a bodily fluid; an extract from a cell, chromosome, organelle, or membrane isolated from a cell; a cell; genomic DNA, RNA, or cDNA, in solution or bound to a substrate; a tissue; a tissue print; etc.
The terms "specific binding" and "specifically binding" refer to that interaction between a protein or peptide and an agonist, an antibody, an antagonist, a small molecule, or any natural or synthetic binding composition. The interaction is dependent upon the presence of a particular structure of the protein, e.g., the antigenic determinant or epitope, recognized by the binding molecule. For example, if an antibody is specific for epitope "A," the presence of a polypeptide comprising the epitope A, or the presence of free unlabeled A, in a reaction containing free labeled A
and the antibody will reduce the. amount of labeled A that binds to the antibody.
The term "substantially purified" refers to nucleic acid or amino acid sequences that are removed from their natural environment and are isolated or separated, and are at least 60% free, preferably at least 75°Io free, and most preferably at least 90% free from other components with which they are naturally associated.
A "substitution" refers to the replacement of one or more amino acid residues or nucleotides by different amino acid residues or nucleotides, respectively.
"Substrate" refers to any suitable rigid or semi-rigid support including membranes, filters, chips, slides, wafers, fibers, magnetic or nonmagnetic beads, gels, tubing, plates, polymers, microparticles and capillaries. The substrate can have a variety of surface forms, such as wells, trenches, pins, channels and pores, to which polynucleotides or polypeptides are bound.
A "transcript image" refers to the collective pattean of gene expression by a particular cell type or tissue under given conditions at a given time.
"Transformation" describes a process by which exogenous DNA is introduced into a recipient cell. Transforn~ation may occur under natural or artificial conditions according to various methods well known in the art, and may rely on any known method for the insertion of foreign nucleic acid sequences into a prokaryotic. or eukaryotic host cell. The method for transformation is selected based on the type of host cell being transformed and may include, but is not limited to, bacteriophage or viral infection, electroporation, heat shock, lipofection, and particle bombardment. The term "transformed cells" includes stably transformed cells in which the inserted DNA is capable of replication either as an autonomously replicating plasnud or as part of the host chromosome, as well as transiently transformed cells which express the inserted DNA or RNA for limited periods of time.

A "transgenic organism," as used herein, is any organism, including but not limited to animals and plants, in which one or more of the cells of the organism contains heterologous nucleic acid introduced by way of human intervention, such as by transgenic techniques well knowwn in the art. The nucleic acid is introduced into the cell, directly or indirectly by introduction into a precursor of the cell, by way of deliberate genetic manipulation, such as by microinjection or by infection with a recombinant virus. The term genetic manipulation does not include classical cross-breeding, or in vitro fertilization, but rather is directed to the introduction of a recombinant DNA molecule. The transgenic organisms contemplated in accordance with the present invention include bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, plants and animals. The isolated DNA of the present invention can be introduced into the host by methods known in the art, for example infection, transfection, transformation or transconjugation. Techniques for transferring the DNA of the. present invention into such organisms are widely known and provided in references such as Sambrook et al. (1989), supra.
A "variant" of a particular nucleic acid sequence is defined as a nucleic acid sequence having at least 40% sequence identity to the particular nucleic acid sequence over a certain length of one of the nucleic acid sequences using blastn with the "BLAST 2 Sequences" tool Version 2Ø9 (May-07-1999) set at default parameters. Such a pair of nucleic acids may show, for example, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% or greater sequence identity over a certain defined length. A variant may be. described as, for example, an "allelic" (as defined above), "splice," "species," or "polymorphic" variant. A
splice variant may have significant identity to a reference molecule, but will generally have a greater or lesser number of polynucleotides due to alternative splicing of exons during mRNA processing.
The corresponding polypeptide may possess additional functional domains or lack domains that are present in the reference molecule. Species variants are polynucleotide sequences that vary from one species to another. The resulting polypeptides will generally have significant amino acid identity relative to each other. A polymorphic variant is a variation in the polynucleotide sequence of a particular gene between individuals of a given species. Polymozphic variants also may encompass "single nucleotide polymorphisms" (SNPs) in which the polynucleotide sequence varies by one nucleotide base. The presence of SNPs may be indicative of, for example, a certain population, a disease state, or a propensity for a disease state.
A "variant" of a particular polypeptide sequence is defined as a polypeptide sequence having at least 40% sequence identity to the particular polypeptide sequence over a certain length of one of the polypeptide sequences using blastp with the "BLAST 2 Sequences" tool Version 2Ø9 (May-07-1999) set at default parameters. Such a pair of polypeptides may show, for example, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at Ieast 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%
or greater sequence identity over a certain defined length of one of the polypeptides.
THE INVENTION
The invention is based on the discovery of new human transporters and ion channels (TRICH), the polynucleotides encoding TRICH, and the use of these compositions for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of transport, neurological, muscle, immunological, and cell proliferative disorders.
Table 1 summarizes the nomenclature for the. full length polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences of the invention. Each polynucleotide and its corresponding polypeptide are correlated to a single Incyte project identification number (liicyte Project ID). Each polypeptide sequence is denoted by both a polypeptide sequence identification number (Polypeptide SEQ ID NO:) and an Incyte polypeptide sequence number (Incyte Polypeptide 1D) as shown. Each polynucleotide sequence is denoted by both a polynucleotide sequence identification number (Polynucleotide SEQ ID NO:) and an Incyte polynucleotide consensus sequence number (Incyte Folynucleotide ff~) as shown.
Table ? shows sequences with homology to the polypeptides of the invention as identified by BLAST analysis against the GenBank protein (genpe.pt) database. Colwnns 1 and 2 show the polypeptide sequence identification number (Polypeptide SEQ ID NO:) and the corresponding Tiicyte polypeptide sequence number (Incyte Polypeptide TD) for polypeptides of the invention. Column 3 shows the GenBank identification number (Genbank ID NO:) of the nearest GenBank homolog.
Column 4 shows the probability score for the match between each polypeptide and its GenBank homolog. Column 5 shows the annotation of the GenBank homolog along with relevant citations where applicable, all of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein.
Table 3 shows various structural features of the polypeptides of the invention. Columns 1 and 2 show the polypeptide sequence identification number (SEQ 1D NO:) and the corresponding Incyte polypeptide sequence number (Incyte Polypeptide ID) for each polypeptide of the invention. Column 3 shows the number of amino acid residues in each polypeptide. Column 4 shows potential phosphorylation sites, and column 5 shows potential glycosylation sites, as determined by the MOTIFS program of the GCG sequence analysis software package (Genetics Computer Group, Madison Wn. Column 6 shows amino acid residues comprising sib ature sequences, domains, and motifs. Column 7 shows analytical methods for protein structure/function analysis and in some cases, searchable databases to which the analytical methods were applied.
Together, Tables 2 and 3 summarize the properties of polypeptides of the invention, and these properties establish that the claimed polypeptides are. transporters and ion channels. For example, SEQ ID N0:5 is 98% identical, from residue M1 to residue I1009, to Rattus norve~icus glutamate receptor delta-1 subunit (GenBank ID 8475542) as determined by the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). (See Table 2.) The BLAST probability score is 0.0, which indicates the probability of obtaining the observed polypeptide sequence alignment by chance. SEQ ID
N0:5 also contains a receptor family ligand binding region as determined by searching for statistically significant matches in the hidden Markov model (HMM)-based PFAM database of conserved protein family domains.
(See Table 3.) Data from BLIMPS and additional BLAST analyses provide further corroborative evidence that SEQ )D N0:5 is a glutamate receptor. SEQ ID NO:1-4 and SEQ ID
N0:6-15 were analyzed and annotated in a similar manner. The algorithms and parameters for the analysis of SEQ
ID NO:1-15 are described in Table 7.
As shown in Table 4, the full length polynucleotide sequences of the present invention were assembled using cDNA sequences or coding (exon) sequences derived from genomic DNA, or any combination of these two types of sequences. Columns 1 and 2 list the polynucleotide sequence identification number (Polynucleotide SEQ ID NO:) and the corresponding Incyte polynucleotide consensus sequence number (Incyte Polynucleotide ID) for each polynucleotide of the invention.
Column 3 shows the length of each polynucleotide sequence in basepairs. Column 4 lists fragments of the polynucleotide sequences which are useful, for example, in hybridization or amplification technologies that identify SEQ ID N0:16-30 or that distinguish between SEQ ID
N0:16-30 and related polynucleotide sequences. Column 5 shows identification numbers corresponding to cDNA
sequences, coding sequences (exons) predicted from genonuc DNA, and/or sequence assemblages comprised of both cDNA and genomic DNA. These sequences were used to assemble the full length polynucleotide sequences of the invention. Columns 6 and 7 of Table 4 show the nucleotide start (5') and stop (3') positions of the cDNA and genomic sequences in column 5 relative to their respective full length sequences.
The identification numbers in Column 5 of Table 4 may refer specifically, for example, to Incyte cDNAs along with their corresponding cDNA libraries. For example, 6431853H1 is the identification number of an Incyte cDNA sequence, and LLTNGNON07 is the cDNA
library from which it is derived. Incyte cDNAs fur which cDNA libraries are not indicated were derived from pooled cDNA libraries (e.8., 71456748V1). Alternatively, the identification numbers in column 5 may refer to GenBank cDNAs or ESTs (e.8., 85396013) which contributed to the assembly of the full length polynucleotide sequences. Alternatively, the identification numbers in column 5 may refer to coding regions predicted by Genscan analysis of genomic DNA. For example, GBLg6742097 000003.fasta.edit is the identification number of a Genscan-predicted coding sequence, with 86742097 being the GenBank identification number of the sequence to which Genscan was applied. The Genscan-predicted coding sequences may have been edited prior to assembly. (See Example N.) Alternatively, the identification numbers in column 5 may refer to assemblages of both cDNA and Genscan-predicted exons brought together by an "exon stitching"
algorithm. (See Example V.) Alternatively, the identification numbers in column 5 may refer to assemblages of both cDNA and Genscan-predicted exons brought together by an "exon-stretching"
algorithm. (See Example V.) In some cases, Incyte. cDNA coverage redundant with the sequence coverage shown in column 5 was obtained to confirm the final consensus polynucleotide. sequence, but the relevant Incyte cDNA identification numbers are not shown.
Table 5 shows the representative cDNA libraries for those full length polynucleotide sequences which were assembled using Incyte cDNA sequences. The representative cDNA library is the Incyte cDNA library which is most frequently represented by the Incyte cDNA sequences which were used to assemble and confirm the above polynucleotide sequences. The.
tissues and vectors which were used to construct the cDNA libraries shown in Table 5 are described in Table 6.
The invention also encompasses TRICH variants. A preferred TRICH variant is one which has at least about 80%, or alternatively at least about 90%, or even at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity to the TRICH amino acid sequence, and which contains at least one functional or structural characteristic of TRICH.
The invention also encompasses polynucleotides which encode TRICH. In a particular embodiment, the invention encompasses a polynucleotide sequence comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0:16-30, which encodes TRICH. The polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID N0:16-30, as presented in the Sequence Listing, embrace the equivalent RNA
sequences, wherein occurrences of the nitrogenous base thymine are replaced with uracil, and the sugar backbone is composed of ribose instead of deoxyribose.
The invention also encompasses a variant of a polynucleotide sequence encoding TRICH. In particular, such a variant polynucleotide sequence will have at least about 70%, or alternatively at ?5 least about 85%, or even at least about 95% polynucleotide sequence identity to the polynucleotide sequence encoding TRICH. A particular aspect of the invention encompasses a variant of a polynucleotide sequence comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
N0:16-30 which has at least about 70%, or alternatively at least about 85%, or even at least about 95% polynucleotide sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0:16-30. Any one of the polynucleotide variants described above can encode an amino acid sequence which contains at least one functional or structural characteristic of TRICH.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that as a result of the degeneracy of the genetic code, a multitude of polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH, some bearing minimal sinularity to the polynucleotide sequences of any known and naturally occurring gene, may be produced. Thus, the invention contemplates each and every possible variation of polynucleotide sequence that could be made by selecting combinations based on possible codon choices. These combinations axe made in accordance with the standard triplet genetic code as applied to the polynucleotide sequence of naturally occurring TRICH, and all such variations are to be considered as being specifically disclosed.
Although nucleotide sequences which encode TRICH and its variants are generally capable of hybridizing to the nucleotide sequence of the naturally occurring TRICH under appropriately selected conditions of stringency, it may be advantageous to produce nucleotide sequences encoding TRICH
or its derivatives possessing a substantially different codon usage, e.g., inclusion of non-naturally occurring codons. Codons may be selected to increase the rate at which expression of the peptide occurs in a particular prokaryotic or eukaryotic host in accordance with the frequency with which particular codons are utilized by the host. Other reasons for substantially altering the nucleotide sequence encoding TRICH and its derivatives without altering the encoded amino acid sequences include the production of RNA transcripts having more desirable properties, such as a greater half life, than transcripts produced from the naturally occurring sequence.
The invention also encompasses production of DNA sequences which encode TRICH
and TRICH derivatives, or fragments thereof, entirely by synthetic chemistry.
After production, the synthetic sequence may be inserted into any of the many available expression vectors and cell systems using reagents well known in the art. Moreover, synthetic chemistry may be used to introduce mutations into a sequence encoding TRICH or any fragment thereof.
Also encompassed by the invention are polynucleotide sequences that are capable of hybridizing to the claimed polynucle.otide sequences, and, in particular, to those shown in SEQ ID
N0:16-30 and fragments thereof under various conditions of stringency. (See, e.g., Wahl, G.NI. and S.L. Berger (1987) Methods Enzymol. 152:399-407; Kimmel, A.R. (1987) Methods Enzymol.
152:507-511.) Hybridization conditions, including annealing and wash conditions, are described in "Definitions."
Methods for DNA sequencing are well known in the art and may be used to practice any of the embodiments of the invention. The methods may employ such enzymes as the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, SEQUENASE (US Biochemical, Cleveland OH), Taq polymerase (Applied Biosystems), thermostable T7 polymerase (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway NJ), or combinations of polymerases and proofreading exonucleases such as those found in the ELONGASE
amplification system (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg MD). Preferably, sequence preparation is automated with machines such as the MICROLAB 2200 liquid transfer system (Hamilton, Reno NV), PTC200 thermal cycler (MJ Research, Watertown MA) and ABI CATALYST 800 thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems). Sequencing is then carried out using either the ABI 373 or 377 DNA
sequencing system (Applied Biosystems), the MEGABACE 1000 DNA sequencing system (Molecular Dynanucs, Sunnyvale CA), or other systems known in the art. The resulting sequences are analyzed using a variety of algorithms which are well known in the art.
(See, e.g., Ausubel, F.M.
(1997) Short Protocols in Molecular Bioloay, John Wiley & Sons, New York NY, unit 7.7; Meyers, R.A. (1995) Molecular Bioloay and Biotechnoloay, Wiley VCH, New York NY, pp.
856-853.) The nucleic acid sequences encoding TRICH may be extended utilizing a partial nucleotide sequence and employing various PCR-based methods lmown in the art to detect upstream sequences, such as promoters and regulatory elements. For example, one method which may be employed, restriction-site PCR, uses universal and nested primers to amplify unknown sequence from genomic DNA within a cloning vector. (See, e.g., Sarkar, G. (1993) PCR Methods Applic.
2:318-322.) Another method, inverse PCR, uses primers that extend in divergent directions to amplify unknown sequence from a circularized template. The template is derived from restriction fragments comprising a known genomic locus and surrounding sequences. (See, e.g., Triglia, T. et al. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. 16:8186.) A third method, capture PCR, involves PCR amplification of DNA
fragments adjacent to known sequences in human and yeast artificial chromosome DNA.
(See, e.g., Lagerstrom, M. et al. (1991) PCR Methods Applic. 1:111-119.) In this method, multiple restriction enzyme digestions and ligations may be used to insert an engineered double-stranded sequence into a region of unknown sequence before performing PCR. Other methods which may be used to retrieve unknown sequences are known in the art. (See, e.g., Parker, J.D. et al. (1991) Nucleic Acids Res.
19:3055-3060). Additionally, one may use PCR, nested primers, and PROMOTERFINDER libraries (Clontech, Palo Alto CA) to walk genomic DNA. This procedure avoids the need to screen libraries and is useful in finding intron/exon junctions. For all PCR-based methods, primers may be designed using commercially available software, such as OLIGO 4.06 primer analysis software (National Biosciences, Plymouth MN) or another appropriate program, to be about 22 to 30 nucleotides in length, to have a GC content of about 50°10 or more, and to amieal to the template at temperatures of about 68°C to 72°C.
When screening for full length cDNAs, it is preferable to use libraries that have been size-selected to include larger cDNAs. In addition, random-primed libraries, which often include sequences containing the 5' regions of genes, are preferable for situations in which an oligo d(T) library does not yield a full-length cDNA. Genomic libraries may be useful for extension of sequence into 5' non-transcribed regulatory regions.
Capillary electrophoresis systems which are commercially available may be used to analyze the size or confirm the nucleotide sequence of sequencing or PCR products. In particular, capillary sequencing may employ flowable polymers for electrophoretic separation, four different nucleotide-specific, laser-stimulated fluorescent dyes, and a charge coupled device camera for detection of the emitted wavelengths. Output/light intensity may be converted to electrical signal using appropriate software (e.g., GENOTYPER and SEQUENCE NAVIGATOR, Applied Biosyste.ms), and the entire process from loading of samples to computer analysis and electronic data display may be computer controlled. Capillary electrophoresis is especially preferable for sequencing small DNA fragments which may be present in limited amounts in a particular sample.
In another embodiment of the invention, polynucleotide sequences or fragments thereof which encode TRTCH may be cloned in recombinant DNA molecules that direct expression of TRICH, or fragments or functional equivalents thereof, in appropriate host cells. Due to the inherent degeneracy of the genetic code, other DNA sequences which encode substantially the same or a functionally equivalent amino acid sequence may be produced and used to express TRICH.
The nucleotide sequences of the present invention can be engineered using methods generally known in the art in order to alter TRICH-encoding sequences for a variety of purposes including, but not limited to, modification of the cloning, processing, and/or expression of the gene product. DNA
shuffling by random fragmentation and PCR reassembly of gene fragments and synthetic oligonucle.otides may be used to engineer the nucleotide sequences. For example, oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis may be used to introduce mutations that create new restriction sites, alter glycosylation patterns, change codon preference, produce splice variants, and so forth.
The nucleotides of the present invention may be subjected to DNA shuffling techniques such as MOLECULARBREEDING (Maxygen Inc., Santa Clara CA; described in U.S. Patent Number S,S37,45S; Chang, C.-C. et al. (1999) Nat. Biotechnol. 17:793-797; Christians, F.C. et al. (1999) Nat.
Biotechnol. 17:259-264; and Crameri, A. et al. (1996) Nat. Biotechnol. 14:315-319) to alter or improve the biological properties of TRTCH, such as its biological or enzymatic activity or its ability to bind to other molecules or compounds. DNA shuffling is a process by which a library of gene variants is produced using PCR-mediated recombination of gene fragments. The library is then subjected to selection or screening procedures that identify those gene variants with the desired properties. These preferred variants may then be pooled and further subjected to recursive rounds of DNA shuffling and selection/screening. Thus, genetic diversity is created through "artificial"
breeding and rapid molecular evolution. For example, fragments of a single gene containing random point mutations may be recombined, screened, and then reshuffled until the desired properties are optimized. Alternatively, fragments of a given gene may be recombined with fragments of homologous genes in the same gene family, either from the same or different species, thereby maximizing the genetic diversity of multiple naturally occurring genes in a directed and controllable manner.
In another embodiment, sequences encoding TRICH may be synthesized, in whole or in part, using chemical methods well known in the art. (See, e.g., Caruthers, M.H. et al. ( 1980) Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 7:215-223; and Horn, T. et al. (19S0) Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser.
7:225-232:) Alternatively, TRICH itself or a fragment thereof may be synthesized using chemical methods. For example, peptide synthesis can be performed using various solution-phase or solid-phase techniques.
(See, e.g., Creighton, T. (1984) Proteins, Structures and Molecular Pro erties, WH Freeman, New York NY, pp. 55-60; and Roberge, J.1'. et al. (1995) Science 269:202-204.) Automated synthesis may be achieved using the ABI 431A peptide synthesizer (Applied Biosystems).
Additionally, the amino acid sequence of TRICH, or any part thereof, may be altered during direct synthesis and/or combined with sequences from other proteins, or any part thereof, to produce a variant polypeptide or a polypeptide having a sequence of a naturally occurring polypeptide.
The peptide may be substantially purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. (Se.e, e.g., Chiez, R.M. and F.Z. Regnier (1990) Methods Enzymol. 182:392-421.) The composition of the synthetic peptides may be confirmed by amino acid analysis or by sequencing. (See, e.g., Creighton, supra, pp. 28-53.) In order to express a biologically active TRICH, the nucleotide sequences encoding TRICH
or derivatives thereof may be inserted into an appropriate expression vector, i.e., a vector which contains the necessary elements for transcriptional and translational control of the inserted coding sequence in a suitable host. These elements include regulatory sequences, such as enhancers, constitutive and inducible promoters, and 5' and 3' untranslated regions in the vector and in polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH. Such elements may vary in their strength and specificity.
Specific initiation signals may also be used to achieve more efficient translation of sequences encoding TRICH. Such signals include the ATG initiation codon and adjacent sequences, e.g. the Kozak sequence. In cases where sequences encoding TRICH and its initiation codon and upstream regulatory sequences are inserted into the appropriate expression vector, no additional transcriptional or translational control signals may be needed. However, in cases where only coding sequence, or a fragment thereof, is inserted, exogenous translational control signals including an in-frame ATG
initiation codon should be provided by the vector. Exogenous translational elements and initiation codons may be of various origins, both natural and synthetic. The efficiency of expression may be enhanced by the inclusion of enhancers appropriate for the particular host cell system used. (See, e.g., Scharf, D. et al. (1994) Results Probl. Cell Differ. 20:125-162.) Methods which are well known to those skilled in the art may be used to construct expression vectors containing sequences encoding TRICH and appropriate transcriptional and translational control elements. These methods include in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, synthetic techniques, and in vivo genetic recombination. (See, e.g., Sambrook, J. et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning, A
Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview NY, ch. 4, 8, and 16-17; Ausubel, F.M. et aI. (1995) Current Protocols in Molecular Bioloay, John Wiley & Sons, New York NI', ch. 9, 13, and 16.) A variety of expression vector/host systems may be utilized to contain and express sequences encoding TRICH. These include, but are not limited to, microorganisms such as bacteria transformed with recombinant bacteriophage, plasmid, or cosmid DNA expression vectors;
yeast transformed with yeast expression vectors; insect cell systems infected with viral expression vectors (e.g., baculovirus);
plant cell systems transformed with viral expression vectors (e.g., cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV, or tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) or with bacterial expression vectors (e.g., Ti or pBR322 plasmids); or animal cell systems. (See, e.g., Sambrook, supra; Ausubel, s-upra; Van Heeke, G. and S.M. Schuster (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:5503-5509; Engelhard, E.K. et al. (1994) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA
91:3224-3227; Sandig, V. et al. (1996) Hum. Gene Ther. 7:1937-1945; Takamatsu, N. (1987) EMBO
J. 6:307-311; The McGraw Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology (1992) McGraw Hill, New York NY, pp. 191-196; Logan, J. and T. Shenk (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
81:3655-3659; and Harrington, J.J. et al. (1997) Nat. Genet. 15:345-355.) Expression vectors derived from retroviruses, adenoviruses, or herpes or vaccinia viruses, or from various bacterial plasmids, may be used for delivery of nucleotide sequences to the targeted organ, tissue, or cell population. (See, e.g., Di Nicola, M. et al. (1998) Cancer Gen. Ther. 5(6):350-356; Yu, M. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 90(13):6340-6344; Butler, R.M. et al. (1985) Nature 317(6040):813-815;
McGregor, D.P. et al.
(1994) Mol. Immunol. 31(3):219-226; and Vema, LM. and N. Somia (1997) Nature 389:239-242.) The invention is not limited by the host cell employed.
In bacterial systems, a number of cloning and expression vectors may be selected depending upon the use intended for polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH. For example, routine cloning, subcloning, and propagation of polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH can be achieved using a multifunctional E. coli vector such as PBLUESCRIPT (Stratagene, La Jolla CA) or PSPORT1 plasmid (Life Technologies). Ligation of sequences encoding TRICH into the vector's multiple cloning site disrupts the lacZ gene, allowing a colorimetric screening procedure for identification of transformed bacteria containing recombinant molecules. In addition, these vectors may be useful for in vitro transcription, dideoxy sequencing, single strand rescue with helper phage,' and creation of nested deletions in the cloned sequence. (See, e.g., Van Heeke, G. and S.M.
Schuster (1989) J. Biol.
Chem. 264:5503-5509.) When large quantities of TRICH are needed, e.g. for the production of antibodies, vectors which direct high level expression of TRICH may be used.
For example, vectors containing the strong, inducible SP6 or T7 bacteriophage promoter may be used.
Yeast expression systems may be. used fur production of TRICH. A number of vectors containing constitutive or inducible promoters, such as alpha factor, alcohol oxidase, and PGH
promoters, may be used in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Pichia pastoris. In addition, such vectors direct either the secretion or intracellular retention of expressed proteins and enable integration of foreign sequences into the host genome for stable propagation.
(See, e.g., Ausubel, 1995, supya; Bitter, G.A. et al. (1987) Methods Enzymol. 153:516-544; and Scorer, C.A. et al. (1994) Bio/Technology 12:181-184.) Plant systems may also be used for expression of TRICH. Transcription of sequences encoding TRICH may be driven by viral promoters, e.g., the 35S and 195 promoters of CaMV used alone or in combination with the omega leader sequence. from TMV (Takamatsu, N. (1987) EMBO J.
6:307-311). Alternatively, plant promoters such as the. small subunit of RUBISCO or heat shock promoters may be used. (See, e.g., Coruzzi, G. et al. (1984) EMBO J. 3:1671-1680; Broglie, R. et al.
(1984) Science 224:838-843; and Winter, J. et al. (1991) Results Probl. Cell Differ. 17:85-105.) These constructs can be introduced into plant cells by direct DNA
transformation or pathogen-mediated transfection. (See, e.g., The McGraw Hill Yearbook of Science. and Technoloay (1992) McGraw Hill, New York NY, pp. 191-196.) In mammalian cells, a number of viral-based expression systems may be utilized. In cases where an adenovirus is used as an expression vector, sequences encoding TRICH
may be ligated into an adenovirus transcription/translation complex consisting of the late promoter and tripartite leader sequence. Insertion in a non-essential E1 or E3 region of the viral genome may be used to obtain infective virus which expresses TRICH in host cells. (See, e.g., Logan, J. and T. Shenk (1984) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3655-3659.) In addition, transcription enhancers, such as the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) enhancer, may be used to increase expression in mammalian host cells. 5V40 or EBV-based vectors may also be used for high-level protein expression.
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) may also be employed to deliver larger fragments of DNA than can be contained in and expressed from a plasmid. HACs of about 6 kb to 10 Mb are constructed and delivered via conventional delivery methods (liposomes, polycationic amino polymers, or vesicles) for therapeutic purposes. (See, e.g., Harrington, J.J.
et al. (1997) Nat. Genet.
15:345-355.) For long term production of recombinant proteins in mammalian systems, stable expression of TRICH in cell lines is preferred. For example, sequences encoding TRICH can be transformed into cell lines using expression vectors which may contain viral origins of replication and/or endogenous expression elements and a selectable marker gene on the same or on a separate vector.
Following the introduction of the vector, cells may be allowed to grow for about 1 to 2 days in enriched media before being switched to selective media. The purpose of the selectable marker is to confer resistance to a selective agent, and its presence allows growth and recovery of cells which successfully express the introduced sequences. Resistant clones of stably transformed cells may be propagated using tissue culture techniques appropriate to the cell type.
Any number of selection systems may be used to recover transformed cell lines.
These include, but are not limited to, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase.
and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase genes, for use in tk- and apr' cells, respectively.
(See., e.g., Wigler, M, et al. (1977) Cell 11:223-232; Lowy, I. et al. (1980) Cell 22:817-823.) Also, antimetabolite, antibiotic, or herbicide resistance can be used as the basis for selection. For example, dlrfi- confers resistance to methotrexate; ~aeo confers resistance to the aminoglycosides neomycin and G-418; and nls and pat confer resistance to chlorsulfuron and phosphinotricin acetyltransferase, respectively. (See, e.g., Wigler, M. et al. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:3567-3570; Colbere-Garapin, F. et al. (1981) J. Mol. Biol. 150:1-14.) Additional selectable genes have been described, e.g., t~pB and laisD, which alter cellular requirements for metabolites. (See, e.g., Hartman, S.C. and R.C. Mulligan (1988) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8047-8051.) Visible markers, e.g., anthocyanins, green fluorescent proteins (GFP; Clontech), 13 glucuronidase and its substrate 13-glucuronide, or luciferase and its substrate luciferin may be used. These markers can be used not only to identify transformants, but also to quantify the amount of transient or stable protein expression attributable to a specific vector system.
(See, e.g., Rhodes, C.A. (1995) Methods Mol. Biol. 55:121-131.) Although the presence/absence of marker gene expression suggests that the gene of interest is also present, the presence and expression of the gene may need to be confirmed. For example, if the sequence encoding TRICH is inserted within a marker gene sequence, transformed cells containing sequences encoding TRICH can be identified by the absence of marker gene function. Alternatively, a marker gene can be placed in tandem with a sequence encoding TRICH under the control of a single promoter. Expression of the marker gene in response to induction or selection usually indicates expression of the tandem gene as well.
In general, host cells that contain the nucleic acid sequence encoding TRICH
and that express TRICH may be identified by a variety of procedures known to those of skill in the art. These procedures include, but are not limited to, DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridizations, PCR
amplification, and protein bioassay or immunoassay techniques which include membrane, solution, or chip based technologies for the detection and/or quantification of nucleic acid or protein sequences.
Immunological methods for detecting and measuring the expression of TRICH
using either specific polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies are known in the art. Examples of such techniques include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), radioimmunoassays (RIAs), and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). A two-site, monoclonal-based inununoassay utilizing monoclonal antibodies reactive to two non-interfering epitopes on TRICH is preferred, but a competitive binding assay may be employed. These and other assays are well known in the art. (See, e.g., Hampton, R. et al. (1990) Serological Methods, a Laboratory Manual, APS
Press, St. Paul MN, Sect. IV; Coligan, J.E. et al. (1997) Current Protocols in )lmnunolo~y, Greene Pub. Associates and Wiley-Interscience, New York NY; and Pound, J.D. (1998) Immunochemical Protocols, Humana Press, Totowa NJ.) A wide variety of labels and conjugation techniques are known by those skilled in the art and may be used in various nucleic acid and amino acid assays. Means for producing labeled hybridization or PCR probes for detecting sequences related to polynucleotides encoding TRICH
include oligolabeling, nick translation, end-labeling, or PCR amplification using a labeled nucleotide.
Alternatively, the sequences encoding TRICH, or any fragments thereof, may be cloned into a vector for the production of an mRNA probe. Such vectors are known in the art, are commercially available, and may be used to synthesize RNA probes in vitro by addition of an appropriate RNA polymerase such as T7, T3, or SP6 and labeled nucleotides. These procedures may be conducted using a variety of commercially available kits, such as those provided by Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Promega (Madison Wn, and US Biochemical. Suitable reporter molecules or labels which may be used for ease of detection include radionuclides, enzymes, fluorescent, chemiluminescent, or chromogenic agents, as well as substrates, cofactors, inhibitors, magnetic particles, and the like.
Host cells transformed with nucleotide sequences encoding TRICH may be cultured under conditions suitable for the expression and recovery of the protein from cell culture. The protein produced by a transformed cell may be secreted or retained intracellularly depending on the sequence and/or the vector used. As will be understood by those of skill in the art, expression vectors containing polynucleotides which encode TRICH may be designed to contain signal sequences which direct secretion of TRICH through a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell membrane.
In addition, a host cell strain may be chosen for its ability to modulate expression of the inserted sequences or to process the expressed protein in the desired fashion.
Such modifications of the polypeptide include, but are not limited to, acetylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, lipidation, and acylation. Post-translational processing which cleaves a "prepro" or "pro" form of the protein may also be used to specify protein targeting, folding, and/or activity.
Different host cells which have specific cellular machinery and characteristic mechanisms for post-translational activities (e.g., CHO, HeLa, MDCK, HEK?93, and WI38) are available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas VA) and may be chosen to ensure the cowect modification and processing of the foreign protein.
In another embodiment of the invention, natural, modified, or recombinant nucleic acid sequences encoding TRICH may be ligated to a heterologous sequence resulting in translation of a fusion protein in any of the aforementioned host systems. For example, a chimeric TRICH protein containing a heterologous moiety that can be recognized by a con unercially available antibody may facilitate the screening of peptide libraries for inhibitors of TRICH
activity. Heterologous protein and peptide moieties may also facilitate purification of fusion proteins using commercially available affinity matrices. Such moieties include, but are not limited to, glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose binding protein (MBP), thioredoxin (Trx), calmodulin binding peptide (CBP), 6-His, FLAG, c-»ayc, and hemagglutinin (HA). GST, MBP, Trx, CBP, and 6-His enable purification of their cognate fusion proteins on irrunobilized glutathione, maltose, phenylarsine oxide, calmodulin, and metal-chelate resins, respectively. FLAG, c-oiye, and hemagglutinin (HA) enable immunoaffinity purification of fusion proteins using commercially available monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that specifically recognize these epitope tags. A fusion protein may also be engineered to contain a proteolytic cleavage site located between the TRICH encoding sequence and the he.terologous protein sequence, so that TRICH may be cleaved away from the heterologous moiety following purification.
Methods for fusion protein expression and purification are discussed in Ausubel (1995, supra, ch. 10).
A variety of commercially available kits may also be used to facilitate expression and purification of fusion proteins.
In a further embodiment of the invention, synthesis of radiolabeled TRICH may be achieved in vitro using the TNT rabbit reticulocyte lysate or wheat germ extract system (Promega). These systems couple transcription and translation of protein-coding sequences operably associated with the T7, T3, or SP6 promoters. Translation takes place in the presence of a radiolabeled amino acid precursor, for example, 35S-methionine.
TRICH of the present invention or fragments thereof may be. used to screen for compounds that specifically bind to TRICH. At least one and up to a plurality of test compounds may be screened for specific binding to TRICH. Examples of test compounds include antibodies, oligonucleotides, proteins (e.g., re.ceptors), or small molecules.
In one embodiment, the compound thus identified is closely related to the.
natural ligand of TRICH, e.g., a ligand or fragment thereof, a natural substrate, a structural or functional mimetic, or a natural binding partner. (See, e.g., Coligan, J.E. et al. (1991) Current Protocols in ImmunoloQy 1(2):
Chapter 5.) Similarly, the compound can be closely related to the natural receptor to which TRICH
binds, or to at least a fragment of the receptor, e.g., the ligand binding site. In either case, the compound can be rationally designed using known techniques. In one embodiment, screening for these compounds involves producing appropriate cells which express TRICH, either as a secreted protein or on the cell membrane. Preferred cells include cells from mammals, yeast, Droso~hila, or E. coli. Cells expressing TRICH or cell membrane fractions which contain TRICH
are then contacted with a test compound and binding, stimulation, or inhibition of activity of either TRICH or the compound is analyzed.
An assay may simply test binding of a test compound to the polypeptide, wherein binding is detected by a fluorophore, radioisotope, enzyme conjugate, or other detectable label. For example, the assay may comprise the steps of combining at least one test compound with TRICH, either in solution or affixed to a solid support, and detecting the binding of TRICH to the compound.
Alternatively, the assay may detect or measure binding of a test compound in the presence of a labeled competitor. Additionally, the assay may be carried out using cell-free preparations, chenucal libraries, or natural product mixtures, and the test compounds) may be free in solution or affixed to a solid support.
TRICH of the present invention or fragments thereof may be used to screen for compounds that modulate the activity of TRICH. Such compounds may include agonists, antagonists, or partial or inverse agonists. In one embodiment, an assay is performed under conditions permissive for TRICH activity, wherein TRICH is combined with at least one test compound, and the activity of TRICH in the presence of a test compound is compared with the activity of TRICH in the absence of the test compound. A change in the activity of TRICH in the presence of the test compound is indicative of a compound that modulates the activity of TRICH. Alternatively, a test compound is combined with an in vitro or cell-free system comprising TRICH under conditions suitable for TRICH activity, and the assay is performed. In either of these assays, a test compound which modulates the activity of TRICH may do so indirectly and need not come in direct contact with the test compound. At least one and up to a plurality of test compounds may be screened.
In another embodiment, polynucleotides encoding TRICH or their mammalian homologs may be "knocked out" in an animal model system using homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Such techniques are well known in the art and are useful for the generation of animal models of human disease. (See, e.g., U.S. Patent Number 5,175,383 and U.S.
Patent Number 5,767,337.) For example, mouse ES cells, such as the mouse 129/SvJ cell line, are derived from the early mouse embryo and grown in culture. The ES cells are transformed with a vector containing the gene of interest disrupted by a marker gene, e.g., the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo;
Capecchi, M.R. (1989) Science 344:1288-1292). The vector integrates into the corresponding region of the host genome by homologous recombination. Alternatively, homologous recombination takes place using the Cre-loxP system to knockout a gene of interest in a tissue- or developmental stage-specific manner (Marth, J.D. (1996) Clin. Invest. 97:1999-2002; Wagner, K.U.
et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25:4323-4330). Transformed ES cells are identified and nucroinjected into mouse cell blastocysts such as those from the C57BL/6 mouse strain. The blastocysts are surgically transferred to pseudopregnant dams, and the resulting chimeric progeny are genotyped and bred to produce heterozygous or homozygous strains. Transgenic animals thus generated may be tested with potential therapeutic or toxic agents.
Polynucleotides encoding TRICH may also be manipulated in vitro in ES cells derived from human blastocysts. Human ES cells have the potential to differentiate into at least eight separate cell lineages including endoderm, mesodern~, and ectodermal cell types. These cell lineages differentiate into, for example, neural cells, hematopoietic lineages, and cardiomyocytes (Thomson, J.A. et al.
( 1998) Science 282:1145-1147).

Polynucleotides encoding TRICH can also be used to create "knockin" humanized animals (pigs) or transgenic animals (mice or rats) to model human disease. With knockin technology, a region of a polynucleotide encoding TRICH is injected into animal ES cells, and the injected sequence integrates into the animal cell genome. Transfouned cells are injected into blastulae, and the blastulae are implanted as described above. Transgenic progeny or inbred lines are studied and treated with potential pharmaceutical agents to obtain information on treatment of a human disease.
Alternatively, a mammal inbred to overexpress TRICH, e.g., by secreting TRICH
in its milk, may also serve as a convenient source of that protein (Janne, J. et al. (1998) Biotechnol. Annu. Rev. 4:55-74).
THERAPEUTICS
Chemical and structural similarity, e..g., in the context of sequences and motifs, exists between regions of TRICH and transporters and ion channels. In addition, the expression of TRICH
is closely associated with brain, prostate and thyroid tissues, neoplasms, and cancers of the small intestine. Therefore, TRICH appears to play a role in transport, neurological, muscle, immunological, and cell proliferative disorders. In the treatment of disorders associated with increased TRICH
expression or activity, it is desirable to decrease, the expression or activity of TRICH. In the treatment of disorders associated with decreased TRICH expression or activity, it is desirable to increase the expression or activity of TRICH.
Therefore, in one embodiment, TRICH or a fragment or derivative thereof may be administered to a subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated with decreased expression or activity of TRICH. Examples of such disorders include, but are not limited to, a transport disorder such as akinesia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ataxia telangiectasia, cystic fibrosis, Becker's muscular dystrophy, Bell's palsy, Charcot-Marie Tooth disease, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, diabetic neuropathy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, nonnokalemic periodic paralysis, Parkinson's disease, malignant hyperthermia, multidrug resistance, myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy, catatonia, tardive dyskinesia, dystonias, peripheral neuropathy, cerebral neoplasms, prostate cancer, cardiac disorders associated with transport, e.g., angina, bradyarrythmia, tachyarrythmia, hypertension, Long QT syndrome, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, nemaline myopathy, centronuclear myopathy, lipid myopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, thyrotoxic myopathy, ethanol myopathy, dern~atomyositis, inclusion body myositis, infectious myositis, polymyositis, neurological disorders associated with transport, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, amnesia, bipolar disorder, dementia, depression, epilepsy, Tourette's disorder, paranoid psychoses, and schizophrenia, and other disorders associated with transport, e..g., neurofibromatosis, postherpetic neuralgia, trige.minal neuropathy, sarcoidosis, sickle cell anemia, Wilson's disease, cataracts, infertility, pulmonary artery stenosis, sensorineural autosomal deafness, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, Grave's disease, goiter, Cushing's disease, Addison's disease, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellwe.ger syndrome, Menkes disease, occipital horn syndrome, von Gierke disease, cystinuria, iminoglycinuria, Hartup disease, and Fanconi disease; a neurological disorder such as epilepsy, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, stroke, cerebral neoplasms, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, Huntington's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease and other e.xtrapyramidal disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders, progressive neural muscular atrophy, retinitis pigmentosa, hereditary ataxias, multiple.
sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases, bacterial and viral meningitis, brain abscess, subdural empyema, epidural abscess, suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis, myelitis and radiculitis, viral central nervous system disease, prion diseases including kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal fanulial insorm~ia, nutritional and metabolic. diseases of the nervous system, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, cere.belloretinal hemangioblastomatosis, encephalotrigeminal syndrome, mental retardation and other developmental disorders of the central nervous system including Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, neuroskeletal disorders, autonomic nervous system disorders, cranial nerve disorders, spinal cord diseases, muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular disorders, peripheral nervous system disorders, dermatomyositis and polymyositis, inherited, metabolic, endocrine, and toxic myopathies, myasthenia gravis, periodic paralysis, mental disorders including mood, anxiety, and schizophrenic disorders, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), akathesia, amnesia, catatonia, diabetic neuropathy, tardive dyskinesia, dystonias, paranoid psychoses, postherpetic neuralgia, Tourette's disorder, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and familial frontotemporal dementia; a muscle disorder such as cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Becker's muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, central core disease, nemaline myopathy, centronuclear myopathy, lipid myopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, infectious myositis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, thyrotoxic myopathy, ethanol myopathy, angina, anaphylactic shock, arrhythmias, asthma, cardiovascular shock, Cushing's syndrome, hypertension, hypoglycemia, myocardial infarction, migraine, pheochromocytoma, and myopathies including encephalopathy, epilepsy, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, lactic acidosis, myoclonic disorder, ophthalmoplegia, and acid maltase deficiency (AMD, also known as Pompe's disease); an immunological disorder such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Addison's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, allergies, ankylosing spondylitis, amyloidosis, anemia, asthma, atherosclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), bronchitis, cholecystitis, contact dermatitis, Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, diabetes mellitus, emphysema, episodic lymphopenia with lymphocytotoxins, erythroblastosis fetalis, erythema nodosum, atrophic gastritis, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, gout, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypereosinophilia, irritable bowel syndrome, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myocardial or pericardial inflammation, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, pancreatitis, polymyositis, psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic anaphylaxis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, ulcerative colitis, uveitis, Werner syndrome, complications of cancer, hemodialysis, and extracorporeal circulation, viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, protozoal, and helminthic infections, and trauma; and a cell proliferative disorder such as actinic keratosis, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, bursitis, ciwhosis, hepatitis, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), myelofibrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, polycythemia vera, psoriasis, primary thrombocythemia, and cancers including adenocarcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma, teratocarcinoma, and, in particular, cancers of the adrenal gland, bladder, bone, bone marrow, brain, breast, cervix, gall bladder, ganglia, gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, ovary, pancreas, parathyroid, penis, prostate, salivary glands, skin, spleen, testis, thymus, thyroid, and uterus.
In another embodiment, a vector capable of expressing TRICH or a fragment or derivative thereof may be administered to a subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated with decreased expression or activity of TRICH including, but not limited to, those described above.
In a further embodiment, a composition comprising a substantially purified TRICH in conjunction with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier may be administered to a subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated with decreased expression or activity of TRTCH
including, but not limited to, those provided above.
In still another embodiment, an agonist which modulates the activity of TRICH
may be administered to a subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated with decreased expression or activity of TRICH including, but not limited to, those listed above.
In a further embodiment, an antagonist of TRICH may be administered to a subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated with increased expression or activity of TRICH.
Examples of such disorders include, but are not limited to, those transport, neurological, muscle, irrununological, and cell proliferative disorders described above. In one aspect, an antibody which specifically binds TRICH may be used directly as an antagonist or indirectly as a targeting or delivery mechanism for bringing a pharmaceutical agent to cells or tissues which express TRICH.
In an additional embodiment, a vector expressing the complement of the polynucleotide encoding TRICH may be administered to a subject to treat or prevent a disorder associated with increased expression or activity of TRICH including, but nut limited to, those described above.
In other embodiments, any of the proteins, antagonists, antibodies, agonists, complementary sequences, or vectors of the invention may be administered in combination with other appropriate therapeutic agents. Selection of the appropriate agents for use in combination therapy may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art, according to conventional pharmaceutical principles. The combination of therapeutic agents may act synergistically to effect the treatment or prevention of the various disorders described above. Using this approach, one may be able to achieve therapeutic efficacy with lower dosages of each agent, thus reducing the potential for adverse side effects.
An antagonist of TRICH may be produced using methods which are generally known in the art. In particular, purified TRICH may be used to produce antibodies or to screen libraries of pharmaceutical agents to identify those. which specifically bind TRICH.
Antibodies to TRICH may also be generated using methods that are well known in the art. Such antibodies may include, but are not limited to, polyclonal, monoclonal, chimeric, and single chain antibodies, Fab fragments, and fragments produced by a Fab expression library. Neutralizing antibodies (i.e., those which inhibit dimer fornation) are generally preferred for therapeutic use.
For the production of antibodies, various hosts including goats, rabbits, rats, mice, humans, and others may be immunized by injection with TRICH or with any fragment or oligopeptide thereof which has irrnnunogenic properties. Depending on the host species, various adjuvants may be used to increase immunological response. Such adjuvants include, but are not limited to, Freund's, nuneral gels such as aluminum hydroxide, and surface active substances such as lysolecithin, pluronic polyols, polyanions, peptides, oil emulsions, hLH, and dinitrophenol. Among adjuvants used in humans, BCG (bacilli Calmette-Guerin) and Cor~nebacterium parvum are especially preferable.
It is preferred that the oligopeptides, peptides, or fragments used to induce antibodies to TRICH have an amino acid sequence consisting of at least about 5 amino acids, and generally will consist of at least about 10 amino acids. It is also preferable that these oligopeptides, peptides, or fragments are identical to a portion of the amino acid sequence of the natural protein. Short stretches of TRICH amino acids may be fused with those of another protein, such as KLH, and antibodies to the chimeric molecule may be produced.
Monoclonal antibodies to TRICH may be prepared using any technique which provides for the production of antibody molecules by continuous cell lines in culture.
These include, but are not limited to, the hybridoma technique, the human B-cell hybridoma technique, and the EBV-hybridoma technique. (See, e.g., Ikohler, G. et al. (1975) Nature 256:495-497; Iiozbor, D. et al. (1985) J.
Immunol. Methods 81:31-42; Cote, R.J. et al. ( 1983) Proc. Natl. Aced. Sci.
USA 80:2026-2030; and Cole, S.P. et al. (1984) Mol. Cell Biol. 62:109-120.) W addition, techniques developed for the production of "chimeric antibodies,"
such as the splicing of mouse antibody genes to human antibody genes to obtain a molecule with appropriate antigen specificity and biological activity, can be used. (See, e.g., Mor-ison, S.L. et al. (1984) Proc.

Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6851-6855; Neuberger, M.S. et al. (1984) Nature 312:604-608; and Takeda, S. et al. (1985) Nature 314:452-454.) Alternatively, techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies may be adapted, using methods known in the art, to produce TRICH-specific single chain antibodies. Antibodies with related specificity, but of distinct idiotypic composition, may be generated by chain shuffling from random combinatorial immunoglobulin libraries. (See, e.g., Burton, D.R. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10134-10137.) Antibodies may also be produced by inducing in vivo production in the lymphocyte population or by screening immunoglobulin libraries or panels of highly specific binding reagents as disclosed in the literature. (See, e.g., Orlandi, R. et al. (1989) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA
86:3833-3837; Winter, G. et al. (1991) Nature 349:293-299.) Antibody fragments which contain specific binding sites for TRICH may also be generated.
For example, such fragments include., but are not limited to, F(ab~., fragments produced by pepsin digestion of the antibody molecule and Fab fragments generated by reducing the disulfide bridges of the F(ab~2 fragments. Alternatively, Fab expression libraries may be constructed to allow rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments with the desired specificity.
(See, e.g., Huse, W.D.
et al. (1989) Science 246:1275-1281.) Various immunoassays may be used fur screening to identify antibodies having the desired specificity. Numerous protocols for competitive binding or immunoradiometric assays using either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies with established specificities are well known in the art. Such immunoassays typically involve the measurement of complex formation between TRICH and its specific antibody. A two-site, monoclonal-based immunoassay utilizing monoclonal antibodies reactive to two non-interfering TRICH epitopes is generally used, but a competitive binding assay may also be employed (Pound, supra).
Various methods such as Scatchard analysis in conjunction with radioimmunoassay techniques may be used to assess the affinity of antibodies for TRICH.
Affinity is expressed as an association constant, ILa, which is defined as the molar concentration of TRICH-antibody complex divided by the molar concentrations of free antigen and free antibody under equilibrium conditions.
The K~ determined for a preparation of polyclonal antibodies, which are heterogeneous in their affinities for multiple TRICH epitopes, represents the average affinity, or avidity, of the antibodies for TRICH. The K~ determined for a preparation of monoclonal antibodies, which are monospecific for a particular TRICH epitope, represents a true measure of affinity. High-affinity antibody preparations with IL~ ranging from about 109 to 10''- L/mole are preferred for use in immunoassays in which the TRICH-antibody complex must withstand rigorous manipulations. Low-affinity antibody preparations with IL~ ranging from about 106 to 10' L/mole are preferred for use in immunopurification and similar procedures which ultimately require dissociation of TRICH, preferably in active form, from the antibody (Catty, D. (1988) Antibodies, Volume I: A Practical Ap rp oath, IRL, Press, Washington DC; Liddell, J.E. and A. Cryer (1991) A
Practical Guide to Monoclonal Antibodies, John Wiley & Sons, New York NI').
The titer and avidity of polyclonal antibody preparations may be further evaluated to determine the quality and suitability of such preparations for certain downstream applications. For example, a polyclonal antibody preparation containing at least 1-2 Illg specific antibodyhnl, preferably 5-10 mg specific antibody/ml, is generally employed in procedures requiring precipitation of TRICH-antibody complexes. Procedures for evaluating antibody specificity, titer, and avidity, and guidelines for antibody quality and usage in various applications, are generally available. (See, e.g., Catty, supya, and Coligan et al. supra.) In another embodiment of the invention, the polynucleotides encoding TRICH, or any fragment or complement thereof, may be used for therapeutic purposes. In one aspect, modifications of gene expression can be achieved by designing complementary sequences or antisense molecules (DNA, RNA, PNA, or modified oligonucle.otides) to the coding or regulatory regions of the gene encoding TRICH. Such technology is well known in the art, and antisense oligonucleotides or larger fragments can be designed from various locations along the coding or control regions of sequences encoding TRICH. (See, e.g., Agrawal, S., ed. (1996) Antisense Therapeutics, Humana Press Inc., Totawa NJ.) In therapeutic use, any gene delivery system suitable for introduction of the antisense sequences into appropriate target cells can be. used. Antisense sequences can be delivered intracellularly in the form of an expression plasmid which, upon transcription, produces a sequence complementary to at least a portion of the cellular sequence encoding the target protein. (Se.e, e.g., Slater, J.E. et al. (1998) J. Allergy Cli. Immunol. 102(3):469-475; and Scanlon, K.J. et al. (1995) 9(13):1288-1296.) Antisense sequences can also be introduced intracellularly through the use of viral vectors, such as retrovirus and adeno-associated virus vectors. (See, e.g., Miller, A.D. (1990) Blood 76:271; Ausubel, supra; Uckert, W. and W. Walther (1994) Pharmacol. Ther.
63(3):323-347.) Other gene delivery mechanisms include liposome-derived systems, artificial viral envelopes, and other systems known in the art. (See, e.g., Rossi, J.J. (1995) Br. Med. Bull.
51(1):217-225; Boado, R.J. et al. (1998) J. Pharm. Sci. 87(11):1308-1315; and Morris, M.C. et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res.
25(14):2730-2736.) In another embodiment of the invention, polynucleotides encoding TRICH may be used for somatic or germline gene therapy. Gene therapy may be performed to (i) correct a genetic deficiency (e.g., in the cases of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-X1 disease characterized by X-linked inheritance (Cavazzana-Calvo, M. et al. (2000) Science 288:669-672), severe combined inununodeficiency syndrome associated with an inherited adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency (Blaese, R.M. et al. (1995) Science 270:475-480; Bordignon, C. et al. (1995) Science 270:470-475), cystic fibrosis (Zabner, J. et al. (1993) Cel175:207-216; Crystal, R.G. et al.
(1995) Hum. Gene Therapy 6:643-666; Crystal, R.G. et al. (1995) Hum. Gene Therapy 6:667-703), thalassamias, familial hypercholesterolemia, and hemophilia resulting from Factor VIII or Factor LY
deficiencies (Crystal, R.G. (1995) Science 270:404-410; Verma, LM. and N. Somia (1997) Nature 389:239-242)), (ii) express a conditionally lethal gene product (e.g., in the. case of cancers which result from unregulated cell proliferation), or (iii) express a protein which affords protection against intracellular parasites (e.g., against human retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Baltimore, D.
(1988) Nature. 335:395-396; Poeschla, E. et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA. 93:11395-11399), hepatitis B or C virus (HBV, HCV); fungal parasites, such as Candida albicans and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; and protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum and TrKpanosoma cruzi). In the case where a genetic deficiency in TRICH expression or regulation causes disease, the expression of TRICH from an appropriate population of transduced cells may alleviate the clinical manifestations caused by the genetic deficiency.
In a further embodiment of the invention, diseases or disorders caused by deficiencies in TRICH are treated by constructing mammalian expression vectors encoding TRICH
and introducing these vectors by mechanical means into TRICH-deficient cells. Mechanical transfer technologies for use with cells in vivo or ex vitro include (i) direct DNA nucroinjection into individual cells, (ii) ballistic gold particle delivery, (iii) liposome-mediated transfection, (iv) receptor-mediated gene transfer, and (v) the use of DNA transposons (Morgan, R.A. and W.F. Anderson ( 1993) Annu. Rev.
Biochem. 62:191-217; Ivics, Z. (1997) Cell 91:501-510; Boulay, J-L. and H.
Recipon (1998) Curr.
Opin. Biotechnol. 9:445-450).
Expression vectors that may be effective for the expression of TRICH include, but are not limited to, the PCDNA 3.1, EPITAG, PRCCMV2, PREP, PVAX vectors (Invitrogen, Carlsbad CA), PCMV-SCRIPT, PCMV-TAG, PEGSH/PERV (Stratagene, La Jolla CA), and PTET-OFF, PTET-ON, PTRE2, PTRE2-LUC, PTK-HYG (Clontech, Palo Alto CA). TRICH may be expressed using (i) a constitutively active promoter, (e.g., from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), SV40 virus, thymidine kinase (TK), or (3-actin genes), (ii) an inducible promoter (e.g., the tetracycline-regulated promoter (Gossen, M. and H. Bujard (1992) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. .USA
89:5547-5551; Gossen, M. et al. (1995) Science 268:1766-1769; Rossi, F.M.V.
and H.M. Blau (1998) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 9:451-456), commercially available in the T-REX
plasmid (Invitrogen)); the ecdysone-inducible promoter (available in the plasmids PVGRXR and PIND;
Invitrogen); the FK506/rapamycin inducible promoter; or the RU486/mifepristone inducible promoter (Rossi, F.M.V.
and Blau, H.M. supra)), or (iii) a tissue-specific promoter or the native promoter of the endogenous gene encoding TRICH from a normal individual.

Commercially available liposome transformation kits (e.g., the PERFECT LIPID
TRANSFECTION IilT, available from Invitrogen) allow one with ordinary skill in the art to deliver polynucleotides to target cells in culture and require minimal effort to optimize experimental parameters. Ire the alternative, transformation is performed using the calcium phosphate method (Graham, F.L. and A.J. Eb (1973) Virology 52:456-467), or by electroporation (Neumann, E. et al.
(1982) EMBO J. 1:841-845). The introduction of DNA to primary cells requires modification of these standardized mammalian transfection protocols.
In another embodiment of the invention, diseases or disorders caused by genetic defects with respect to TRICH expression are treated by constructing a retrovirus vector consisting of (i) the polynucIeotide encoding TRICH under the control of an independent promoter or the retrovirus long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, (ii) appropriate RNA packaging signals, and (iii) a Rev-responsive element (RRE) along with additional retrovirus cis-acting RNA sequences and coding sequences required for efficient vector propagation. Retrovirus vectors (e.g., PFB and PFBNEO) are comunercially available (Stratagene) and are based on published data (Riviere, I. et al. (1995) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:6733-6737), incorporated by reference herein. The vector is propagated in an appropriate vector producing cell line (VPCL) that expresses an envelope gene with a tropism for receptors on the target cells or a promiscuous envelope protein such as VSVg (Armentano, D. et al.
(1987) J. Virol. 61:1647-1650; Bender, M.A. et al. (1987] J. Virol. 61:1639-1646; Adam, M.A. and A.D. Miller (1988) J. Virol. 62:3802-3806; Dull, T. et al. (1998) J. Virol.
72:8463-8471; Zufferey, R.
et al. (1998) J. Virol. 72:9873-9880). U.S. Patent Number 5,910,434 to Rigg ("Method for obtaining retrovirus packaging cell lines producing high transducing efficiency retroviral supernatant") discloses a method for obtaining retrovirus packaging cell lines and is hereby incorporated by reference. Propagation of retrovirus vectors, transduction of a population of cells (e.g., CD4+ T-cells), and the return of transduced cells to a patient are procedures well known to persons skilled in the art of gene therapy and have been well documented (Ranga, U. et al. (1997) J. Virol. 71:7020-7029; Bauer, G, et al. (1997) Blood 89:2259-2267; Bonyhadi, M.L. (1997) J.
Virol. 71:4707-4716;
Ranga, U. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:1201-1206; Su, L. (1997) Blood 89:2283-2290).
In the alternative, an adenovirus-based gene therapy delivery system is used to deliver polynucleotides encoding TRICH to cells which have one or more genetic abnormalities with respect to the expression of TRICH. The construction and packaging of adenovirus-based vectors are well known to those with ordinary skill in the art. Replication defective adenovirus vectors have proven to be versatile for importing genes encoding immunoregulatory proteins into intact islets in the pancreas (Csete, M.E. et al. ( 1995) Transplantation '27:263-268). Potentially useful adenoviral vectors are described in U.S. Patent Number 5,707,618 to Armentano ("Adenovims vectors for gene therapy"), hereby incorporated by reference. For adenoviral vectors, see also Antinozzi, P.A. et al. ( 1999) Annu. Rev. Nutr. 19:511-544 and Verma, LM. and N. Somia (1997) Nature 18:389:239-242, both incorporated by reference herein.
In another alternative, a herpes-based, gene therapy delivery system is used to deliver polynucleotides encoding TRICH to target cells which have one or more genetic abnormalities with respect to the expression of TRICH. The use of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based vectors may be especially valuable for introducing TRICH to cells of the central nervous system, for which HSV has a tropism. The constniction and packaging of herpes-based vectors are well known to those with ordinary skill in the art. A replication-competent herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1-based vector has been used to deliver a reporter gene to the eyes of primates (Liu, X. et al.
(1999) Exp. Eye Res.
169:385-395). The construction of a HSV-1 virus vector has also been disclosed in detail in U.S.
Patent Number 5,804,413 to DeLuca ("Herpes simplex virus strains for gene transfer"), which is hereby incorporated by refe.rence,. U.S. Patent Number 5,804,413 teaches the use of recombinant HSV d92 which consists of a genome containing at least one exogenous gene to be transferred to a cell under the control of the appropriate promoter for purposes including human gene therapy. Also taught by this patent are the construction and use of recombinant HSV strains deleted for ICP4, ICP27 and ICP22. For HSV vectors, see also Goins, W.F. et al. (1999) J. Virol.
73:519-532 and Xu, H. et al.
(1994) Dev. Biol. 163:152-161, hereby incorporated by reference. The manipulation of cloned herpesvirus sequences, the generation of recombinant virus following the transfection of multiple plasmids containing different segments of the large herpesvirus genomes, the growth and propagation of herpesvirus, and the. infection of cells with herpesvirus are techniques well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
li~ another alternative, an alphavirus (positive, single-stranded RNA virus) vector is used to deliver polynucleotides encoding TRICH to target cells. The biology of the prototypic alphavirus, Semliki Forest Virus (SFV), has been studied extensively and gene transfer vectors have been based on the. SFV genome (Garoff, H, and K.-J. Li (1998) Cuw. Opin. Biotechnol.
9:464-469). During alphavirus RNA replication, a subgenomic RNA is generated that normally encodes the viral capsid proteins. This subgenomic RNA replicates to higher levels than the full length genomic RNA, resulting in the overproduction of capsid proteins relative to the viral proteins with enzymatic activity (e.g., protease and polymerase). Similarly, inserting the coding sequence for TRICH into the alphavirus genome in place of the capsid-coding region results in the production of a large number of TRICH-coding RNAs and the synthesis of high levels of TRICH in vector transduced cells. While alphavirus infection is typically associated with cell lysis within a few days, the ability to establish a persistent infection in hamster normal kidney cells (BHK-21) with a variant of Sindbis virus (SIN) indicates that the lytic replication of alphaviruses can be altered to suit the needs of the gene therapy application (Dryga, S.A. et al. (1997) Virology 228:74-83). The wide host range of alphaviruses will allow the introduction of TRICH into a variety of cell types. The specific transduction of a subset of cells in a population may require the. sorting of cells prior to transduction.
The methods of manipulating infectious cDNA clones of alphaviruses, performing alphavirus cDNA and RNA
S transfections, and performing alphavirus infections, are well known to those with ordinary skill in the art.
Oligonucleotides derived from the transcription initiation site, e.g., between about positions -10 and +10 from the start site, may also be employed to inhibit gene expression. Similarly, inhibition can be achieved using triple. helix base-pairing methodology.
Triple helix pairing is useful because it causes inhibition of the ability of the double helix to open sufficiently for the binding of polymerases, transcription factors, or regulatory molecules. Recent therapeutic advances using triplex DNA have. been described in the literature. (See, e.g., Gee, J.E. et al. (1994) in Huber, B.E.
and B.I. Caw, Molecular and Immunoloaic Approaches, Futura Publishing, Mt.
Iiisco NY, pp. 163-177.) A complementary sequence or antisense molecule may also be designed to block translation of mRNA by preventing the transcript from binding to ribosomes.
Ribozymes, enzymatic RNA molecules, may also be used to catalyze the specific cleavage of RNA. The mechanism of ribozyme action involves sequence-specific hybridization of the ribozyme molecule to complementary target RNA, followed by endonucleolytic cleavage.
For example, engineered hammerhead motif ribozyme molecules may specifically and efficiently catalyze endonucleolytic cleavage of sequences encoding TRICH.
Specific ribozyme cleavage sites within any potential RNA target are initially identified by scanning the target molecule for ribozyme cleavage sites, including the following sequences: GUA, GUU, and GUC. Once identified, short RNA sequences of between 15 and 20 ribonucleotides, cowesponding to the region of the target gene containing the cleavage site, may be evaluated fox secondary structural features which may render the oligonucleotide inoperable.
The suitability of candidate targets may also be evaluated by testing accessibility to hybridization with complementary oligonucleotides using ribonuclease protection assays.
Complementary ribonucleic acid molecules and ribozymes of the invention may be prepared by any method known in the art for the synthesis of nucleic acid molecules.
These include techniques for chemically synthesizing oligonucleotides such as solid phase phosphoramidite chemical synthesis.
Alternatively, RNA molecules may be generated by in vitro and in vivo transcription of DNA
sequences encoding TRICH. Such DNA sequences may be incorporated into a wide variety of vectors with suitable RNA polymerase promoters such as T7 or SP6.
Alternatively, these cDNA
constructs that synthesize complementary RNA, constitutively or inducibly, can be introduced into cell lines, cells, or tissues.

RNA molecules may be modified to increase intracellular stability and half life. Possible modifications include, but are not limited to, the addition of flanking sequences at the 5' and/or 3' ends of the molecule, or the use. of phosphorothioate or 2' O-methyl rather than phosphodieste,rase linkages within the backbone of the molecule. This concept is inherent in the production of PNAs and can be extended in all of these molecules by the inclusion of nontraditional bases such as inosine, queosine, and wybutosine, as well as acetyl-, methyl-, thio-, and similarly modified forms of adenine, cytidine, guanine, thynune, and uridine which are not as easily recognized by endogenous endonucleases.
An additional embodiment of the invention encompasses a method for screening for a compound which is effective in altering expression of a polynucleotide.
encoding TRICH.
Compounds which may be effective in altering expression of a specific polynucleotide may include, but are not limited to, oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, triple helix-forming oligonucleotides, transcription factors and other polypeptide transcriptional regulators, and non-macromolecular chemical entities which are capable of interacting with specific polynucleotide sequences. Effective compounds may alter polynucleotide expression by acting as either inhibitors or promoters of polynucleotide expression. Thus, in the treatment of disorders associated with increased TRICH expression or activity, a compound which specifically inhibits expression of the polynucleotide encoding TRICH may be therapeutically useful, and in the treament of disorders associated with decreased TRICH expression or activity, a compound which specifically promotes expression of the polynucleotide encoding TRICH may be therapeutically useful.
At least one, and up to a plurality, of test compounds may be screened for effectiveness in altering expression of a specific polynucleotide. A test compound may be obtained by any method commonly known in the art, including chemical modification of a compound known to be effective in altering polynucleotide expression; selection from an existing, commercially-available or proprietary library of naturally-occurring or non-natural chemical compounds; rational design of a compound based on chemical and/or structural properties of the target polynucleotide;
and selection from a library of chemical compounds created combinatorially or randomly. A sample comprising a polynucleotide encoding TRICH is exposed to at least one test compound thus obtained. The sample may comprise, for example, an intact or permeabilized cell, or an in vitro cell-free or reconstituted biochemical system. Alterations in the expression of a polynucleotide encoding TRICH are assayed by any method commonly known in the art. Typically, the expression of a specific nucleotide is detected by hybridization with a probe having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the sequence of the polynucleotide encoding TRICH. The amount of hybridization may be quantified, thus forming the basis for a comparison of the expression of the polynucleotide both with and without exposure to one or more test compounds. Detection of a change in the expression of a polynucleotide exposed to a test compound indicates that the test compound is effective in altering the expression of the polynucleotide. A screen for a compound effective in altering expression of a specific polynucleotide can be carried out, for example, using a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene expression system (Atkins, D. et al. (1999) U.S. Patent No. 5,932,435; Amdt, G.M. et al.
(2000) Nucleic Acids Res. 28:E15) or a human cell line such as HeLa cell (Clarke, M.L. et al.
(2000) Biochem. Biophys.
Res. Commun. 268:8-13). A particular embodiment of the present invention involves screening a combinatorial library of oligonucleotides (such as deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, peptide nucleic acids, and modified oligonucleotides) for antisense activity against a specific polynucleotide sequence (Bruice, T.W. et al. (1997) U.S. Patent No. 5,686,242; Bruice, T.W.
et al. (2000) LT.S.
Patent No. 6,022,691).
Many methods for introducing vectors into cells or tissues are available and equally suitable for use in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo. For ex vivo therapy, vectors may be introduced into stem cells taken from the patient and clonally propagated for autologous transplant back into that same patient.
Delivery by transfection, by liposome injections, or by polycationic amino polymers may be achieved using methods which are well known in the art. (See, e.g., Goldman, C.K. et al. (1997) Nat.
Biotechnol. 15:462-466.) Any of the therapeutic methods described above may be applied to any subject in need of such therapy, including, for example, mammals such as humans, dogs, cats, cows, horses, rabbits, and monkeys.
An additional embodiment of the invention relates to the adn unistration of a composition which generally comprises an active ingredient formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Excipients may include, for example, sugars, starches, celluloses, gums, and proteins.
Various formulations are commonly known and are thoroughly discussed in the latest edition of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Maack Publishing, Easton PA). Such compositions may consist of TRICH, antibodies to TRICH, and mimetics, agonists, antagonists, or inhibitors of TRICH.
The compositions utilized in this invention may be administered by any number of routes including, but not limited to, oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, intraventricular, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, enteral, topical, sublingual, or rectal means.
Compositions for pulmonary administration may be prepared in liquid or dry powder form.
These compositions are generally aerosolized immediately prior to inhalation by the patient. In the case of small molecules (e.g. traditional low molecular weight organic drugs), aerosol delivery of fast-acting formulations is well-known in the art. In the case of macromolecules (e.g. larger peptides and proteins), recent developments in the field of pulmonary delivery via the alveolar region of the lung have enabled the practical delivery of drugs such as insulin to blood circulation (see, e.g., Patton, J.S. et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,997,848). Pulmonary delivery has the advantage of administration without needle injection, and obviates the need for potentially toxic penetration enhancers.
Compositions suitable for use in the invention include compositions wherein the active ingredients are contained in an effective amount to achieve the intended purpose. The deternunation of an effective dose is well within the capability of those skilled in the art.
Specialized forms of compositions may be prepared for direct intracellular delivery of macromolecules comprising TRICH or fragments thereof. For example, liposome preparations containing a cell-impermeable macromolecule may promote cell fusion and intracellular delivery of the macromolecule. Alternatively, TRICH or a fragment thereof may be joined to a short cationic N-terminal portion from the HIV Tat-1 protein. Fusion proteins thus generated have been found to transduce into the cells of all tissues, including the brain, in a mouse model system (Schwarze, S.R. et al. (I999) Science 285:1569-1572).
For any compound, the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially either in cell culture assays, e.g., of neoplastic cells, or in animal models such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, or pigs. An animal model may also be used to determine the appropriate concentration range and route of administration. Such information can then be used to determine useful doses and routes for administration in humans.
A therapeutically effective dose refers to that amount of active ingredient, for example TRICH or fragments thereof, antibodies of TRICH, and agonists, antagonists or inhibitors of TRICH, which ameliorates the symptoms or condition. Therapeutic efficacy and toxicity may be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or with experimental animals, such as by calculating the EDSO (the dose therapeutically effective in 50°Io of the population) or LDso (the dose lethal to 50°Io of the population) statistics. The dose ratio of toxic to therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index, which can be expressed as the LDSO/EDSO ratio. Compositions which exhibit large therapeutic indices are preferred. The data obtained from cell culture assays and animal studies are used to fornmlate a range of dosage for human use. The dosage contained in such compositions is preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that includes the EDSO
with little or no toxicity.
The dosage varies within this range depending upon the dosage form employed, the sensitivity of the patient, and the route of administration.
The exact dosage will be determined by the practitioner, in light of factors related to the subject requiring treatment. Dosage and administration are adjusted to provide sufficient levels of the active moiety or to maintain the desired effect. Factors which may be taken into account include the severity of the disease state, the general health of the subject, the age, weight, and gender of the subject, time and frequency of administration, drug combination(s), reaction sensitivities, and response to therapy. Long acting compositions may be administered every 3 to 4 days, every week, or biweekly depending on the half-life and clearance rate of the particular formulation.
Normal dosage amounts may vary from about 0.1 ,ug to 100,000 ,ug, up to a total dose of about 1 gram, depending upon the route of adnunistration. Guidance as to particular dosages and methods of delivery is provided in the literature and generally available to practitioners in the art.
Those skilled in the art will employ different formulations for nucleotides than for proteins or their inhibitors. Similarly, delivery of polynucleotides or polypeptides will be specific to particular cells, conditions, locations, etc.
DIAGNOSTICS
In another embodiment, antibodies which specifically bind TRICH may be used for the diagnosis of disorders characterized by expression of TRICH, or in assays to monitor patients being treated with TRICH or agonists, antagonists, or inhibitors of TRICH.
Antibodies useful for diagnostic purposes may be prepared in the same manner as described above for therapeutics.
Diagnostic assays for TRICH include methods which utilize the antibody and a label to detect TRICH
in human body fluids or in extracts of cells or tissues. The antibodies may be used with or without modification, and may be labeled by covalent or non-covalent attachment of a reporter molecule. A
wide variety of reporter molecules, several of which are described above, are known in the art and may be used.
A variety of protocols for measuring TRICH, including ELISAs, RIAs, and FACS, are known in the art and provide a basis for diagnosing altered or abnormal levels of TRICH expression. Normal or standard values for TRICH expression are established by combining body fluids or cell extracts taken from normal mammalian subjects, for example, human subjects, with antibodies to TRICH
under conditions suitable for complex formation. The amount of standard complex formation may be quantitated by various methods, such as photometric means. Quantities of TRICH
expressed in subject, control, and disease samples from biopsied tissues are compared with the standard values.
Deviation between standard and subject values establishes the parameters for diagnosing disease.
In another embodiment of the invention, the polynucleotides encoding TRICH may be used for diagnostic purposes. The polynucleotides which may be used include oligonucleotide sequences, complementary RNA and DNA molecules, and PNAs. The polynucleotides may be used to detect and quantify gene. expression in biopsied tissues in which expression of TRICH
may be correlated with disease. The diagnostic assay may be used to determine absence, presence, and excess expression of TRICH, and to monitor regulation of TRICH levels during therapeutic intervention.
In one aspect, hybridization with PCR probes which are capable of detecting polynucleotide sequences, including genomic sequences, encoding TRICH or closely related molecules may be used to identify nucleic acid sequences which encode TRICH. The specificity of the.
probe, whether it is made from a highly specific. region, e.g., the 5're.gulatory region, or from a less specific region, e.g.. a conserved motif, and the stringency of the hybridization or amplification will deternune whether the probe identifies only naturally occurring sequences encoding TRICH, allelic variants, or related sequences.
Probes may also be used for the detection of related sequences, and may have at least 50%
sequence identity to any of the TRICH encoding sequences. The hybridization probes of the subject invention may be DNA or RNA and may be derived from the sequence of SEQ )D
N0:16-30 or from genomic sequences including promoters, enhancers, and introns of the TRICH
gene.
Means for producing specific hybridization probes for DNAs encoding TRICH
include the.
cloning of polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH or TRICH derivatives into vectors for the production of mRNA probes. Such vectors are known in the art, are commercially available, and may be used to synthesize RNA probes in vitro by means of the addition of the appropriate RNA
polymerases and the appropriate labeled nucleotides. Hybridization probes may be labeled by a variety of reporter groups, for example, by radionuclides such as 3'P or 35S, or by enzymatic labels, such as alkaline phosphatase. coupled to the probe via avidin/biotin coupling systems, and the like.
Polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH may be used for the diagnosis of disorders associated with expression of TRICH. Examples of such disorders include, but are not limited to, a transport disorder such as akinesia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ataxia telangiectasia, cystic fibrosis, Becker's muscular dystrophy, Bell's palsy, Charcot-Marie Tooth disease, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, diabetic neuropathy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, normokalemic periodic paralysis, Parkinson's disease, malignant hyperthermia, multidrug resistance, myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy, catatonia, tardive dyskinesia, dystonias, peripheral neuropathy, cerebral neoplasms, prostate cancer, cardiac disorders associated with transport, e.g., angina, bradyarrythmia, tachyanythmia, hypertension, Long QT syndrome, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, nemaline myopathy, centronuclear myopathy, lipid myopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, thyrotoxic myopathy, ethanol myopathy, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, infectious myositis, polymyositis, neurological disorders associated with transport, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, amnesia, bipolar disorder, dementia, depression, epilepsy, Tourette's disorder, paranoid psychoses, and schizophrenia, and other disorders associated with transport, e.g., neurofibromatosis, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuropathy, sarcoidosis, sickle cell anemia, Wilson's disease, cataracts, infertility, pulmonary artery stenosis, sensoru~eural autosomal deafness, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, Grave's disease, goiter, Cushing's disease, Addison's disease, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger syndrome, Menkes disease, occipital horn syndrome, von Gierke disease, cystinuria, iminoglycinuria, Hartup disease, and Fanconi disease; a neurological disorder such as epilepsy, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, stroke, cerebral neoplasms, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, Huntington's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease and other extrapyranudal disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders, progressive neural muscular atrophy, retinitis pigmentosa, hereditary ataxias, multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases, bacterial and viral meningitis, brain abscess, subdural empyema, epidural abscess, suppurative intracranial thrombophlebitis, myelitis and radiculitis, viral central nervous system disease, prion diseases including lcuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, nutritional and metabolic diseases of the nervous system, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, cerebelloretinal hemangioblastomatosis, encephalotrigeminal syndrome, mental retardation and other developmental disorders of the central nervous system including Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, neuroskeletal disorders, autonomic nervous system disorders, cranial nerve disorders, spinal cord diseases, muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular disorders, peripheral nervous system disorders, dermatomyositis and polymyositis, inherited, metabolic, endocrine, and toxic myopathies, myasthenia gravis, periodic paralysis, mental disorders including mood, anxiety, and schizophrenic disorders, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), akathesia, amnesia, catatonia, diabetic neuropathy, tardive dyskinesia, dystonias, paranoid psychoses, postherpetic neuralgia, Tourette's disorder, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and familial frontotemporal dementia; a muscle disorder such as cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Becker's muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, central core disease, nemaline myopathy, centronuclear myopathy, lipid myopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, infectious myositis, polymyositis, dennatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, thyrotoxic myopathy, ethanol myopathy, angina, anaphylactic shock, awhythmias, asthma, cardiovascular shock, Cushing's syndrome, hypertension, hypoglycemia, myocardial infarction, migraine, pheochromocytoma, and myopathies including encephalopathy, epilepsy, ILearns-Sayre syndrome, lactic acidosis, myoclonic disorder, ophthalmoplegia, and acid maltase deficiency (AMD, also known as Pompe's disease); an immunological disorder such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Addison's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, allergies, ankylosing spondylitis, amyloidosis, anemia, asthma, atherosclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), bronchitis, cholecystitis, contact dermatitis, Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, diabetes mellitus, emphysema, episodic lymphopenia with lymphocytotoxins, erythroblastosis fetalis, erythema nodosum, atrophic gastritis, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, gout, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypereosinophilia, irntable bowel syndrome, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myocardial or pericardial inflammation, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, pancreatitis, polymyositis, psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, sclerodenna, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic anaphylaxis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, ulcerative colitis, uveitis, Werner syndrome, complications of cancer, hemodialysis, and extracorpore.al circulation, viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, protozoal, and helminthic infections, and trauma; and a cell proliferative disorder such as actinic keratosis, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, bursitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), myelofibrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, polycythemia vera, psoriasis, primary thrombocythemia, and cancers including adenocarcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma, teratocarcinoma, and, in particular, cancers of the adrenal gland, bladder, bone, bone marrow, brain, breast, cervix, gall bladder, ganglia, gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, ovary, pancreas, parathyroid, penis, prostate, salivary glands, skin, spleen, testis, thymus, thyroid, and uterus. The polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH may be used in Southern or northern analysis, dot blot, or other membrane-based technologies; in PCR technologies; in dipstick, pin, and multiformat ELISA-like assays; and in microarrays utilizing fluids or tissues from patients to detect altered TRICH
expression. Such qualitative or quantitative methods are well known in the art.
In a particular aspect, the nucleotide sequences encoding TRICH may be useful in assays that detect the presence of associated disorders, particularly those mentioned above. The nucleotide sequences encoding TRICH may be labeled by standard methods and added to a fluid or tissue sample from a patient under conditions suitable for the formation of hybridization complexes. After a suitable incubation period, the sample is washed and the signal is quantified and compared with a standard value. If the amount of signal in the patient sample is significantly altered in comparison to a control sample then the presence of altered levels of nucleotide sequences encoding TRICH in the sample indicates the presence of the associated disorder. Such assays may also be used to evaluate the efficacy of a particular therapeutic treatment regimen in animal studies, in clinical trials, or to monitor the treatment of an individual patient.
In order to provide a basis for the diagnosis of a disorder associated with expression of TRICH, a normal or standard profile for expression is established. This may be accomplished by combining body fluids or cell extracts taken from normal subjects, either animal or human, with a sequence., or a fragment thereof, encoding TRICH, under conditions suitable for hybridization or amplification. Standard hybridization may be quantified by comparing the values obtained from normal subjects with values from an experiment in which a known amount of a substantially purified polynucleotide is used. Standard values obtained in this manner may be compared with values obtained from samples from patients who are symptomatic for a disorder.
Deviation from standard values is used to establish the presence of a disorder.
Once the presence of a disorder is established and a treatment protocol is initiated, hybridization assays may be repeated on a regular basis to determine if the level of expression in the patient begins to approximate that which is observed in the normal subject.
The results obtained from successive assays may be used to show the efficacy of treatment over a period ranging from several days to months.
With respect to cancer, the presence of an abnormal amount of transcript (either under- or overexpressed) in biopsied tissue from an individual may indicate a predisposition for the development of the disease, or may provide a means for detecting the disease prior to the appearance.
of actual clinical symptoms. A more definitive diagnosis of this type. may allow health professionals to employ preventative measures or aggressive treatment earlier thereby preventing the development or further progression of the cancer.
Additional diagnostic uses for oligonucleotide.s designed from the sequences encoding TRICH may involve the use of PCR. These oligomers may be chemically synthesized, generated enzymatically, or produced in vitro. Oligomers will preferably contain a fragment of a polynucleotide encoding TRICH, or a fragment of a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide encoding TRICH, and will be employed under optimized conditions for identification of a specific gene or condition. Oligomers may also be employed under less stringent conditions for detection or quantification of closely related DNA or RNA sequences.
In a particular aspect, oligonucleotide primers derived from the polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH may be used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
SNPs are substitutions, insertions and deletions that are a frequent cause of inherited or acquired genetic disease in humans. Methods of SNP detection include, but are not limited to, single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and fluorescent SSCP (fSSCP) methods. In SSCP, oligonucleotide primers derived from the polynucle.otide sequences encoding TRICH are used to amplify DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA may be derived, for example, from diseased or normal tissue, biopsy samples, bodily fluids, and the like.
SNPs in the DNA cause differences in the secondary and tertiary structures of PCR products in single-stranded form, and these differences are detectable using gel electrophoresis in non-denaturing gels. In fSCCP, the oligonucleotide primers are fluorescently labeled, which allows detection of the amplimers in high-throughput equipment such as DNA sequencing machines. Additionally, sequence database analysis methods, termed in silico SNP (isSNP), are capable of identifying polymorphisms by comparing the sequence of individual overlapping DNA fragments which assemble into a common consensus sequence. These computer-based methods filter out sequence variations due to laboratory preparation of DNA and sequencing errors using statistical models and automated analyses of DNA sequence chromatograms. W the alternative, SNPs may be detected and characterized by mass spectrometry using, for example, the high throughput MASSARRAY system (Sequenom, Inc., San Diego CA).

Methods which may also be used to quantify the expression of TRICH include radiolabeling or biotinylating nucleotides, coamplification of a control nucleic acid, and interpolating results from standard curves. (See, e.g., Me.lby, P.C. et al. (1993) J. lmmunol. Methods 159:235-244; Duplaa, C.
et al. (1993) Anal. Biochem. 212:229-236.) The speed of quantitation of multiple samples may be accelerated by running the assay in a high-throughput format where the oligomer or polynucleotide of interest is presented in various dilutions and a spectrophotometric or colorimetric response gives rapid quantitation.
In further embodiments, oligonucleotides or longer fragments derived from any of the polynucleotide sequences described herein may be used as elements on a microarray. The microaway can be used in transcript imaging techniques which monitor the relative expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously as described below. The microaway may also be used to identify genetic variants, mutations, and polymorphisms. This information may be used to deternune gene function, to understand the genetic basis of a disorder, to diagnose a disorder, to monitor progression/regression of disease as a function of gene expression, and to develop and monitor the activities of therapeutic agents in the treatment of disease. In particular, this information may be used to develop a phannacogenomic profile of a patient in order to select the most appropriate and effective treatment regimen for that patient. For example, therapeutic agents which are highly effective and display the fewest side effects may be selected for a patient based on his/her pharmacogenon uc profile.
In another embodiment, TRICH, fragments of TRICH, or antibodies specific for TRICH may be used as elements on a microarray. The microarray may be used to monitor or measure protein-protein interactions, drub target interactions, and gene expression profiles, as described above.
A particular embodiment relates to the use. of the polynucleotides of the present invention to generate a transcript image of a tissue or cell type. A transcript image represents the global pattern of gene expression by a particular tissue or cell type. Global gene expression patterns are analyzed by quantifying the number of expressed genes and their relative abundance under given conditions and at a given time. (See Seilhamer et al., "Comparative Gene Transcript Analysis,"
U.S. Patent Number 5,840,484, expressly incorporated by reference herein.) Thus a transcript image may be generated by hybridizing the polynucleotides of the present invention or their complements to the totality of transcripts or reverse transcripts of a particular tissue or cell type. In one embodiment, the hybridization takes place in high-throughput format, wherein the polynucleotides of the present invention or their complements comprise a subset of a plurality of elements on a microarray. The resultant transcript image would provide a profile of gene activity.
Transcript images may be generated using transcripts isolated from tissues, cell lines, biopsies, or other biological samples. The transcript image may thus reflect gene expression in vivo, as in the case of a tissue or biopsy sample, or in vitro, as in the case of a cell line.
Transcript images which profile the expression of the. polynucle.otides of the present invention may also be used in conjunction with in vitro model systems and preclinical evaluation of pharmaceuticals, as well as toxicological testing of industrial and naturally-occurring environmental compounds. All compounds induce characteristic gene expression patterns, frequently ternled molecular fingerprints or toxicant signatures, which are indicative of mechanisms of action and toxicity (Nuwaysir, E.F. et al. (1999) Mol. Carcinog. 24:153-159; Steiner, S.
and N.L. Anderson (2000) Toxicol. Lett. 112-113:467-471, expressly incorporated by reference herein). If a test compound has a signature sinular to that of a compound with known toxicity, it is likely to share those toxic properties. These fingerprints or signatures are most useful and refined when they contain expression information from a large number of genes and gene families.
Ideally, a genome-wide measurement of expression provides the highest quality sib nature. Even genes whose expression is not altered by any tested compounds are important as well, as the levels of expression of these genes are used to normalize the rest of the expression data. The normalization procedure is useful for comparison of expression data after treatment with different compounds. While the assignment of gene function to elements of a toxicant signature aids in interpretation of toxicity mechanisms, knowledge of gene function is not necessary for the. statistical matching of signatures which leads to prediction of toxicity. (See, fur example, Press Release 00-02 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, released February 29, 2000, available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/oc/news/toxchip.htm.) Therefore, it is important and desirable in toxicological screening using toxicant signatures to include all expressed gene sequences.
In one embodiment, the toxicity of a test compound is assessed by treating a biological sample containing nucleic acids with the test compound. Nucleic acids that are expressed in the treated biological sample are hybridized with one or more probes specific to the polynucleotides of the present invention, so that transcript levels corresponding to the polynucleotides of the present invention may be quantified. The transcript levels in the treated biological sample are compared with levels in an untreated biological sample. Differences in the transcript levels between the two samples are indicative of a toxic response caused by the test compound in the treated sample.
Another particular embodiment relates to the use of the polypeptide sequences of the present invention to analyze the proteome of a tissue or cell type. The term proteome refers to the global pattern of protein expression in a particular tissue or cell type. Each protein component of a proteome can be subjected individually to further analysis. Proteome expression patterns, or profiles, are analyzed by quantifying the number of expressed proteins and their relative abundance under given conditions and at a given time. A profile of a cell's proteome may thus be generated by separating and analyzing the polypeptides of a particular tissue or cell type.
In one embodiment, the separation is achieved using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which proteins from a sample are separated by isoelectric focusing in the first dimension, and then according to molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel electrophoresis in the second dimension (Steiner and Anderson, supra). The proteins are visualized in the gel as discrete and uniquely positioned spots, typically by staining the gel with an agent such as Coomassie Blue or silver or fluorescent stains. The optical density of each protein spot is generally proportional to the level of the protein in the sample. The optical densities of equivalently positioned protein spots from different samples, for example, from biological samples either treated or untreated with a test compound or therapeutic agent, are compared to identify any changes in protein spot density related to the treatment. The proteins in the spots are partially sequenced using, for example, standard methods employing chemical or enzymatic cleavage followed by mass spectrometry. The identity of the protein in a spot may be deteunined by comparing its partial sequence, preferably of at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues, to the polypeptide sequences of the present invention. In some cases, further sequence data may be obtained for definitive protein identification.
A proteonuc profile may also be generated using antibodies specific for TRICH
to quantify the levels of TRICH expression. In one embodiment, the antibodies are used as elements on a microarray, and protein expression levels are. quantified by exposing the microarray to the sample and detecting the levels of protein bound to each array element (Lueking, A. et al. ( 1999) Anal. Biochem.
270:103-111; Mendoze, L.G. et al. (1999) Biotechniques 27:778-788). Detection may be performed by a variety of methods known in the art, for example, by reacting the proteins in the sample with a thiol- or amino-reactive fluorescent compound and detecting the amount of fluorescence bound at each array element.
Toxicant signatures at the proteome level are also useful for toxicological screening, and should be analyzed in parallel with toxicant signatures at the transcript level. There is a poor correlation between transcript and protein abundances for some proteins in some tissues (Anderson, N.L. and J. SeiIhamer (1997) Electrophoresis 18,:533-537), so proteome toxicant signatures may be useful in the analysis of compounds which do not significantly affect the transcript image, but which alter the proteomic profile. 11~ addition, the analysis of transcripts in body fluids is difficult, due to rapid degradation of mRNA, so proteomic profiling may be more reliable and informative in such cases.
In another embodiment, the toxicity of a test compound is assessed by treating a biological sample containing proteins with the test compound. Proteins that are expressed in the treated biological sample are separated so that the amount of each protein can be quantified. The amount of each protein is compared to the amount of the corresponding protein in an untreated biological sample. A difference in the amount of protein between the two samples is indicative of a toxic response to the test compound in the treated sample. Individual proteins are identified by sequencing the amino acid residues of the individual proteins and comparing these partial sequences to the polypeptides of the present invention.
In another embodiment, the toxicity of a test compound is assessed by treating a biological sample containing proteins with the test compound. Proteins from the biological sample are incubated with antibodies specific to the polypeptides of the present invention. The amount of protein recognized by the antibodies is quantified. The amount of protein in the treated biological sample is compared with the amount in an untreated biological sample. A
difference in the amount of protein between the two samples is indicative of a toxic response to the test compound in the treated sample.
Microarrays may be prepared, used, and analyzed using methods known in the art. (See, e.g., Brennan, T.M. et al. (1995) U.S. Patent No. 5,474,796; Schena, M. et al.
(1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 93:10614-10619; Baldeschweiler et al. (1995) PCT application W095/251116;
Shalom D. et al.
(1995) PCT application W095/35505; Heller, R.A. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 94:2150-2155; and Heller, M.J. et al. (1997) U.S. Patent No. 5,605,662.) Various types of microarrays are well known and thoroughly described in DNA Microarrays: A Practical Approach, M. Schena, ed.
(1999) Oxford University Press, London, hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
In another embodiment of the invention, nucleic acid sequences encoding TRICH
may be used to generate hybridization probes useful in mapping the naturally occurring genomic sequence.
Either coding or noncoding sequences may be used, and in some instances, noncoding sequences may be preferable over coding sequences. For example, conservation of a coding sequence among members of a mufti-gene family may potentially cause undesired cross hybridization during chromosomal mapping. The sequences may be mapped to a particular chromosome, to a specific region of a chromosome, or to artificial chromosome constructions, e.g., human artificial chromosomes (HACs), yeast artificial chromosomes (PACs), bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), bacterial P1 constructions, or single. chromosome cDNA libraries.
(See, e.g., Harrington, J.J.
et al. (1997) Nat. Genet. 15:345-355; Price, C.M. (1993) Blood Rev. 7:127-134;
and Trask, B.J.
(1991) Trends Genet. 7:149-154.) Once mapped, the nucleic acid sequences of the invention may be used to develop genetic linkage maps, for example, which correlate the inheritance of a disease state with the inheritance of a particular chromosome region or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). (See, for example, Lande.r, E.S. and D. Botstein (1986) Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 83:7353-7357.) Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) may be correlated with other physical and genetic map data. (See, e.g., Heinz-Ulrich, et al. (1995) in Meyers, supra, pp. 965-968.) Examples of genetic map data can be found in various scientific journals or at the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) World Wide Web site. Correlation between the location of the gene encoding TRICH on a physical map and a specific disorder, or a predisposition to a specific disorder, may help define the region of DNA associated with that disorder and thus may further positional cloning efforts.
In situ hybridization of chromosomal preparations and physical mapping techniques, such as linkage analysis using established chromosomal markers, may be used for extending genetic maps.
Often the placement of a gene on the chromosome of another man unalian species, such as mouse, may reveal associated markers even if the exact chromosomal locus is not known. This information is valuable to investigators searching for disease genes using positional cloning or other gene discovery techniques. Once the gene or genes responsible for a disease or syndrome have been crudely localized by genetic linkage. to a particular genomic region, e.g., ataxia-telangiectasia to l 1q22-23, any sequences mapping to that area may represent associated or regulatory genes for further investigation. (See, e.g., Gatti, R.A. et al. (1988) Nature 336:577-580.) The nucleotide sequence of the instant invention may also be used to detect differences in the chromosomal location due to translocation, inversion, etc., among normal, carrier, or affected individuals.
In another embodiment of the invention, TRICH, its catalytic or immunogenic fragments, or oligopeptides thereof can be used for screening libraries of compounds in any of a variety of drug screening techniques. The fragment employed in such screening may be free in solution, affixed to a solid support, borne on a cell surface, or located intracellularly. The formation of binding complexes between TRICH and the agent being tested may be measured.
Another technique for drug screening provides for high throughput screening of compounds having suitable binding affinity to the protein of interest. (See, e.g., Geysen, et al. ( 1984) PCT
application W084/03564.) In this method, large numbers of different small test compounds are synthesized on a solid substrate. The test compounds are reacted with TRICH, or frab vents thereof, and washed. Bound TRICH is then detected by methods well known in the art.
Purified TRICH can also be coated directly onto plates for use in the aforementioned drug screening techniques.
Alternatively, non-neutralizing antibodies can be used to capture the peptide and immobilize it on a solid support.
In another embodiment, one may use competitive drug screening assays in which neutralizing antibodies capable of binding TRICH specifically compete with a test compound for binding TRICH.
In this manner, antibodies can be used to detect the presence of any peptide which shares one or more antigenic determinants with TRICH.
In additional embodiments, the nucleotide sequences which encode TRICH may be used in any molecular biology techniques that have yet to be. developed, provided the new techniques rely on properties of nucleotide sequences that are currently known, including, but not limited to, such properties as the triplet genetic code and specific base pair interactions.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the. present invention to its fullest extent. The following embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative,, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
The disclosures of all patents, applications and publications, mentioned above and below, in particular U.S. Ser. No. 60/195,595, U.S. Ser. No. 60/196,872, LT.S. Ser. No.
60/199,020, U.S. Ser.
No. 60/200,552, U.S. Ser. No. 60/202,348, and U.S. Ser. No. 60/203,495, are expressly incorporated by reference herein.
EXAMPLES
I. Construction of cDNA Libraries Incyte cDNAs were derived from cDNA libraries described in the LIFESEQ GOLD
database (Incyte Genomics, Palo Alto CA) and shown in Table 4, column 5. Some tissues were homogenized and lysed in b anidinium isothiocyanate, while others were homogenized and lysed in phenol or in a suitable mixture of denaturants, such as TRIZOL (Life Technologies), a monophasic solution of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate. The resulting lysates were centrifuged over CsCI cushions or extracted with chloroform. RNA was precipitated from the lysates with either isopropanol or sodium acetate and ethanol, or by other routine methods.
Phenol extraction and precipitation of RNA were repeated as necessary to increase RNA
purity. In some cases, RNA was treated with DNase. For most libraries, poly(A)+ RNA was isolated using oligo d(T)-coupled paramagnetic particles (Promega), OLIGOTEX latex particles (QIAGEN, Chatsworth CA), or an OLIGOTEX mRNA purification kit (QIAGEN). Alternatively, RNA was isolated directly from tissue lysates using other RNA isolation kits, e.g., the POLY(A)PURE mRNA
purification kit (Ambion, Austin TX).
In some cases, Stratagene was provided with RNA and constructed the corresponding cDNA
libraries. Otherwise, cDNA was synthesized and cDNA libraries were constructed with the UNI2AP
vector system (Stratagene.) or SUPERSCRIPT plasmid system (Life Technologies), using the recommended procedures or similar methods known in the art. (See, e.g., Ausubel, 1997, supya, units 5.1-6.6.) Reverse transcription was initiated using oligo d(T) or random primers. Synthetic oligonucleotide adapters were ligated to double stranded cDNA, and the cDNA
was digested with the appropriate restriction enzyme or enzymes. For most libraries, the cDNA was size-selected (300-1000 bp) using SEPHACRYL S 1000, SEPHAROSE CL2B, or SEPHAROSE CL4B column chromatography (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) or preparative agarose gel electrophoresis. cDNAs were ligated into compatible restriction enzyme sites of the polylinker of a suitable plasmid, e.g., PBLUESCRIPT plasmid (Stratagene), PSPORT1 plasmid (Life Technologies), PCDNA2.1 plasmid (Invitrogen, Carlsbad CA), PBK-CMV plasmid (Stratagene), or pINCY (Incyte Genomics, Palo Alto CA), or derivatives thereof. Recombinant plasnuds were transformed into competent E. coli cells including hL,l-Blue, XL1-BIueMRF, or SOLR from Stratagene or DHSa, DH10B, or ElectroMAX
DH10B from Life Technologies.

II. Isolation of cDNA Clones Plasmids obtained as described in Example I were recovered from host cells by in vivo excision using the UNIZAP vector system (Stratagene) or by cell lysis.
Plasmids were. purified using at least one of the following: a Magic or WIZARD Minipre.ps DNA purification system (Promega); an AGTC Miniprep purification kit (Edge Biosystems, Gaithersburg MD); and QTAWELL
8 Plasmid, QIAWELL 8 Plus Plasmid, QIAWELL 8 Ultra Plasmid purification systems or the R.E.A.L. PREP 96 plasmid purification kit from QIAGEN. Following precipitation, plasmids were resuspended in 0.1 ml of distilled water and stored, with or without lyophilization, at 4°C.
Alternatively, plasmid DNA was amplified from host cell lysates using direct link PCR in a high-throughput format (Rao, V.B. (1994) Anal. Biochem. 216:1-14). Host cell lysis and thermal cycling steps were carried out in a single reaction mixture. Samples were processed and stored in 384-well plates, and the concentration of amplified plasmid DNA was quantified fluorometrically using PICOGREEN dye (Molecular Probes, Eugene OR) and a FLUOROSKAN II
fluorescence scanner (Labsystems Oy, Helsinki, Finland).
III. Sequencing and Analysis Incyte cDNA recovered in plasmids as described in Example II were. sequenced as follows.
Sequencing reactions were processed using standard methods or high-throughput instrumentation such as the ABI CATALYST 800 (Applied Biosystems) thermal cycler or the. PTC-200 thermal cycler (MJ Research) in conjunction with the HYDRA microdispenser (Robbins Scientific) or the MICROLAB 2200 (Hamilton) liquid transfer system. cDNA sequencing reactions were prepared using reagents provided by Amersham Pharmacia Biotech or supplied in ABI
sequencing kits such as the ABI PRISM BIGDYE Terminator cycle sequencing ready reaction kit (Applied Biosystems).
Electrophoretic separation of cDNA sequencing reactions and detection of labeled polynucleotides were carried out using the MEGABACE 1000 DNA sequencing system (Molecular Dynamics); the ABI PRISM 373 or 377 sequencing system (Applied Biosystems) in conjunction with standard ABI
protocols and base calling software; or other sequence analysis systems known in the art. Reading frames within the cDNA sequences were identified using standard methods (reviewed in Ausubel, 1997, su ra, unit 7.7). Some of the cDNA sequences were selected for extension using the techniques disclosed in Example VIII.
The polynucleotide sequences derived from Incyte cDNAs were validated by removing vector, linker, and poly(A) sequences and by masking ambiguous bases, using algorithms and programs based on BLAST, dynamic programming, and dinucleotide nearest neighbor analysis. The Incyte cDNA sequences or translations thereof were then queried against a selection of public databases such as the GenBank primate, rodent, mammalian, vertebrate, and eukaryote databases, and BLOChS, PRINTS, DOMO, PRODOM, and hidden Markov model (HMM)-based protein family databases such as PFAM. (HMM is a probabilistic approach which analyzes consensus primary structures of gene families. See., for example, Eddy, S.R. (1996) Curr. Opin.
Struct. Biol. 6:361-365.) The queries were performed using programs based on BLAST, FASTA, BLIMPS, and HMMER. The Incyte eDNA sequences were assembled to produce full length polynucleotide sequences.
Alternatively, GenBank cDNAs, GenBank ESTs, stitched sequences, stretched sequences, or Genscan-predicted coding sequences (see Examples IV and V) were used to extend Incyte cDNA
assemblages to full length. Assembly was performed using programs based on Phred, Phrap, and Consed, and cDNA assemblages were screened for open reading frames using programs based on GeneMark, BLAST, and FASTA. The full length polynucleotide sequences were translated to derive the corresponding full length polypeptide sequences. Alternatively, a polypeptide of the invention may begin at any of the me,thionine residues of the full length translated polypeptide. Full length polypeptide sequences were subsequently analyzed by querying against databases such as the GenBank protein databases (genpept), SwissProt, BLOCKS, PRINTS, DOMO, PRODOM, Prosite, and hidden Markov model (HMM)-based protein family databases such as PFAM.
Full length polynucleotide sequences are also analyzed using MACDNASIS PRO software (Hitachi Software Engineering, South San Francisco CA) and LASERGENE software (DNASTAR).
Polynucleotide and polypeptide sequence alignments are generated using default parameters specified by the CLUSTAL algorithm as incorporated into the MEGALIGN multisequence alignment program (DNASTAR), which also calculates the percent identity between aligned sequences.
Table 7 summarizes the tools, programs, and algorithms used for the analysis and assembly of Incyte cDNA and full length sequences and provides applicable descriptions, references, and threshold parameters. The first column of Table 7 shows the tools, programs, and algorithms used, the second column provides brief descriptions thereof, the third column presents appropriate references, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, and the fourth column presents, where. applicable, the scores, probability values, and other parameters used to evaluate the strength of a match between two sequences (the higher the score or the lower the probability value, the greater the identity between two sequences).
The programs described above for the assembly and analysis of full length polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences were also used to identify polynucleotide sequence fragments from SEQ
ID N0:16-30. Fragments from about 20 to about 4000 nucleotides which are useful in hybridization and amplification technologies are described in Table 4, column 4.
IV. Identification and Editing of Coding Sequences from Genomic DNA
Putative transporters and ion channels were initially identified by running the Genscan gene identification program against public genomic sequence databases (e.g., gbpri and gbhtg). Genscan is a general-purpose gene identification program which analyzes genomic DNA
sequences from a variety of organisms (Se.e Burge, C. and S. Karlin (1997) J. Mol. Biol. ?68:78-94, and Burge, C. and S. Karlin (1998) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 8:346-354). The program concatenates predicted exons to form an assembled cDNA sequence extending from a methionine to a stop codon.
The output of Genscan is a FASTA database of polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences. The maximum range of sequence for Genscan to analyze at once was set to 30 kb. To determine which of these Genscan predicted cDNA sequences encode transporters and ion channels, the encoded polypeptides were analyzed by querying against PFAM models for transporters and ion channels.
Potential transporters and ion channels were also identified by homology to Incyte cDNA sequences that had been annotated as transporters and ion channels. These selected Genscan-predicted sequences were then compared by BLAST analysis to the genpept and gbpri public databases. Where necessary, the Genscan-predicted sequences were then edited by comparison to the top BLAST
hit from genpept to cowect errors in the sequence predicted by Genscan, such as extra or omitted exons. BLAST analysis was also used to find any li~cyte cDNA or public cDNA coverage of the Genscan-predicted sequences, thus providing evidence for transcription. When Incyte cDNA
coverage was available, this information was used to correct or confirm the Genscan predicted sequence. Full length polynucleotide sequences were obtained by assembling Genscan-predicted coding sequences with Incyte cDNA sequences and/or public cDNA sequences using the assembly process described in Example III. Alternatively, full length polynucleotide sequences were derived entirely from edited or unedited Genscan-predicted coding sequences.
V. Assembly of Genomic Sequence Data with cDNA Sequence Data "Stitched" Sequences Partial cDNA sequences were extended with exons predicted by the Genscan gene identification program described in Example 1V. Partial cDNAs assembled as described in Example 11T were mapped to genonuc DNA and parsed into clusters containing related cDNAs and Genscan exon predictions from one or more genomic sequences. Each cluster was analyzed using an algorithm based on graph theory and dynamic programming to integrate cDNA and genomic information, generating possible splice variants that were subsequently confirmed, edited, or extended to create a full length sequence. Sequence intervals in which the entire length of the interval was present on more than one sequence in the cluster were identified, and intervals thus identified were considered to be equivalent by transitivity. For example, if an interval was present on a cDNA and two genomic sequences, then all three intervals were considered to be equivalent. This process allows unrelated but consecutive genomic sequences to be brought together, bridged by cDNA
sequence. Intervals thus identified were then "stitche.d" together by the stitching algorithm in the order that they appear along their parent sequences to generate the longest possible sequence, as well as sequence variants.
Linkages between intervals which proceed along one type of parent sequence (cDNA to cDNA or genomic sequence to genomic sequence) were given preference over linkages which change parent type (cDNA to genomic sequence). The resultant stitched sequences were translated and compared by BLAST analysis to the genpept and gbpri public databases. Incorrect exons predicted by Genscan were corrected by comparison to the top BLAST hit from genpept. Sequences were further extended with additional cDNA sequences, or by inspection of genomic DNA, when necessary.
"Stretched" Secyuences Partial DNA sequences were extended to full length with an algorithm based on BLAST
analysis. First, partial cDNAs assembled as described in Example III were queried against public databases such as the GenBank primate, rodent, mammalian, vertebrate, and eukaryote databases using the BLAST program. The nearest GenBank protein homolog was then compared by BLAST
analysis to either Incyte cDNA sequences or GenScan exon predicted sequences described in Example IV. A chimeric protein was generated by using the resultant high-scoring segment pairs (HSPs) to map the translated sequences onto the GenBank protein homolog.
Insertions or deletions may occur in the chimeric protein with respect to the original GenBank protein homolog. The GenBank protein homolog, the chimeric protein, or both were used as probes to search for homologous genonuc sequences from the public human genome databases. Partial DNA sequences were therefore "stretched" or extended by the addition of homologous genomic sequences. The resultant stretched sequences were examined to determine whether it contained a complete gene.
VI. Chromosomal Mapping of TRICH Encoding Polynucleotides The sequences which were used to assemble SEQ ID N0:16-30 were compared with sequences from the Incyte LIFESEQ database and public domain databases using BLAST and other implementations of the Smith-Waterman algorithm. Sequences from these databases that matched SEQ ID N0:16-30 were assembled into clusters of contiguous and overlapping sequences using assembly algorithms such as Phrap (Table 7). Radiation hybrid and genetic mapping data available from public resources such as the Stanford Human Genome Center (SHGC), Whitehead Institute for Genome Research (WIGR), and Genethon were used to determine if any of the clustered sequences had been previously mapped. Inclusion of a mapped sequence in a cluster resulted in the assignment of all sequences of that cluster, including its particular SEQ ID NO:, to that map location.
Map locations are represented by ranges, or intervals, of human chromosomes.
The map position of an interval, in centiMorgans, is measured relative to the terminus of the chromosome's p-arm. (The centiMorgan (cM) is a unit of measurement based on recombination frequencies between chromosomal markers. On average, 1 cM is roughly equivalent to 1 megabase (Mb) of DNA in humans, although this can vary widely due to hot and cold spots of recombination.) The cM
distances are based on genetic markers mapped by Genethon which provide boundaries for radiation hybrid markers whose sequences were included in each of the clusters. Human genome maps and other resources available to the public, such as the NCBI "GeneMap'99" World Wide Web site (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genemapn, can be employed to determine if previously identified disease. genes map within or in proximity to the intervals indicated above.
VII. Analysis of Polynucleotide Expression Northern analysis is a laboratory technique used to detect the presence of a transcript of a gene and involves the hybridization of a labeled nucleotide sequence to a membrane. on which RNAs from a particular cell type or tissue have been bound. (See, e.g., Sambrook, supra, ch. 7; Ausubel (1995) supra, ch. 4 and 16.) Analogous computer techniques applying BLAST were used to search for identical or related molecules in cDNA databases such as GenBank or LIFESEQ (Incyte Genomics). This analysis is much faster than multiple membrane-based hybridizations. In addition, the sensitivity of the computer search can be modified to determine whether any particular match is categorized as exact or similar. The basis of the search is the product score, which is defined as:
BLAST Score x Percent Identity 5 x minimum { length(Seq. 1), length(Seq. ~) }
The product score takes into account both the. degree of similarity between two sequences and the length of the sequence match. The product score is a normalized value between 0 and 100, and is calculated as follows: the BLAST score is multiplied by the percent nucleotide identity and the product is divided by (5 times the length of the shorter of the two sequences). The BLAST score is calculated by assigning a score of +5 for every base that matches in a high-scoring segment pair (HSP), and -4 for every mismatch. Two sequences may share more than one HSP
(separated by gaps). If there is more than one HSP, then the pair with the highest BLAST
score is used to calculate the product score. The product score represents a balance between fractional overlap and quality in a BLAST alignment. For example, a product score of 100 is produced only for 100%
identity over the entire length of the shorter of the two sequences being compared. A product score of 70 is produced either by 100% identity and 70% overlap at one end, or by 88% identity and 100% overlap at the other. A product score of 50 is produced either by 100% identity and 50%
overlap at one end, or 79%
identity and 100% overlap.
Alternatively, polynucleotide sequences encoding TRICH are analyzed with respect to the tissue sources from which they were derived. For example, some full length sequences are assembled, at least in part, with overlapping Incyte cDNA sequences (see Example )I1]. Each cDNA
sequence is derived from a eDNA library constructed from a human tissue. Each human tissue is classified into one of the following organ/tissue categories: cardiovascular system; connective tissue;

digestive system; embryonic structures; endocrine system; exocrine. glands;
genitalia, female;
genitalia, male; gernl cells; hemic and immune system; liver; musculoskeletal system; nervous system; pancreas; respiratory system; sense organs; skin; stomatognathic system; unclassified/mixed;
or urinary tract. The number of libraries in each category is counted and divided by the total number of libraries across all categories. Similarly, each human tissue is classified into one of the following disease/condition categories: cancer, cell line, developmental, inflammation, neurological, trauma, cardiovascular, pooled, and other, and the number of libraries in each category is counted and divided by the total number of libraries across all categories. The resulting percentages reflect the tissue- and disease-specific expression of cDNA encoding TRICH. cDNA sequences and cDNA
library/tissue information are found in the LIF'ESEQ GOLD database (Incyte Genonucs, Palo Alto CA).
VIII. Extension of TRICH Encoding Polynucleotides Full length polynucleotide sequences were also produced by extension of an appropriate fragment of the full length molecule using oligonucleotide primers designed from this fragment. One primer was synthesized to initiate 5' extension of the known fragment, and the other primer was synthesized to initiate 3' extension of the known fragment. The initial primers were designed using OLIGO 4.06 software (National Biosciences), or another appropriate program, to be about 22 to 30 nucleotides in length, to have a GC content of about 50% or more, and to anneal to the target sequence at temperatures of about 68°C to about 72°C. Any stretch of nucleotides which would result in hairpin structures and primer-primer dimerizations was avoided.
Selected human cDNA libraries were used to extend the sequence. If more than one extension was necessary or desired, additional or nested sets of primers were designed.
High fidelity amplification was obtained by PCR using methods well known in the art. PCR
was performed in 96-well plates using the PTC-200 thermal cycler (MJ Research, Inc.). The reaction mix contained DNA template, 200 nmol of each primer, reaction buffer containing Mg'+, (NH;,j,SO,,, and 2-mercaptoethanol, Taq DNA polymerise (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech), ELONGASE enzyme (Life Technologies), and Pfu DNA polymerise (Stratagene), with the following parameters for primer pair PCI A and PCI B: Step 1: 94°C, 3 min; Step 2: 94°C, 15 sec;
Step 3: 60°C, 1 min; Step 4: 68°C, 2 min; Step 5: Steps 2, 3, and 4 repeated 20 times; Step 6: 68°C, 5 min; Step 7: storage at 4°C. In the alternative, the parameters for primer pair T7 and SK+ were as follows: Step 1: 94°C, 3 min; Step 2:
94°C, 15 sec; Step 3: 57°C, 1 min; Step 4: 68°C, 2 min;
Step 5: Steps 2, 3, and 4 repeated 20 times;
Step 6: 6S°C, 5 min; Step 7: storage at 4°C.
The concentration of DNA in each well was determined by dispensing 100 p1 PICOGREEN
quantitation reagent (0.25% (v/v) PICOGREEN; Molecular Probes, Eugene OR) dissolved in 1X TE
and 0.5 p1 of undiluted PCR product into each well of an opaque fluorimeter plate (Corning Costar, Acton MA), allowing the DNA to bind to the reagent. The plate was scanned in a Fluoroskan II

(Labsystems Oy, He.lsinki, Finland) to measure the fluorescence. of the sample and to quantify the concentration of DNA. A 5 ,u1 to 10 ,u1 aliquot of the reaction mixture was analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1 % agarose gel to deternune which reactions were successful in extending the sequence.
The extended nucleotides were desalted and concentrated, transferred to 384-well plates, digested with CviJI cholera virus endonuclease (Molecular Biology Research, Madison WI), and sonicated or she.are.d prior to religation into pUC 18 vector (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). For shotgun sequencing, the digested nucleotides were separated on low concentration (0.6 to 0.8%) agarose gels, fragments were excised, and agar digested with Agar ACE
(Promega). Extended clones were. religate.d using T4 ligase (New England Biolabs, Beverly MA) into pUC 18 vector (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech), treated with Pfu DNA polymerise (Stratagene) to fill-in restriction site overhangs, and transfected into competent E. coli cells. Transformed cells were selected on antibiotic-containing media, and individual colonies were picked and cultured overnight at 37°C in 384-well plates in LB/2x carb liquid media.
The cells were lysed, and DNA was amplified by PCR using Taq DNA polymerise (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) and Pfu DNA polymerise (Stratagene) with the following parameters: Step 1: 94°C, 3 min; Step 2: 94°C, 15 sec; Step 3:
60°C, 1 min; Step 4: 72°C, 2 min;
Step 5: steps 2, 3, and 4 repeated 29 times; Step 6: 72°C, 5 min; Step 7: storage at 4°C. DNA was quantified by PICOGREEN reagent (Molecular Probes) as described above. Samples with low DNA
recoveries were reamplified using the same conditions as described above.
Samples were diluted with 20% dimethysulfoxide (1:2, v/v), and sequenced using DYENAMIC energy transfer sequencing primers and the DYENAMIC DIRECT kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) or the ABI
PRISM
BIGDYE Terminator cycle sequencing ready reaction kit (Applied Biosystems).
In like manner, full length polynucleotide sequences are verified using the above procedure or are used to obtain 5'regulatary sequences using the above procedure along with oligonucleotides designed for such extension, and an appropriate genomic library.
I1. Labeling and Use of Individual Hybridization Probes Hybridization probes derived from SEQ ID N0:16-30 are employed to screen cDNAs, genomic DNAs, or mRNAs. Although the labeling of oligonucleotides, consisting of about 20 base pairs, is specifically described, essentially the same procedure is used with larger nucleotide fragments. Oligonucleotides are designed using state-of the-art software such as OLIGO 4.06 software (National Biosciences) and labeled by combining 50 pmol of each oligomer, 250 /.~Ci of [y 32P] adenosine triphosphate (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech), and T4 polynucleotide kinase (DuPont NEN, Boston MA). The labeled oligonucleotides are substantially purified using a SEPHADEX G-25 superfine size exclusion dextrin bead column (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech).

An aliquot containing 10' counts per minute of the labeled probe is used in a typical membrane-based hybridization analysis of human genomic DNA digested with one of the following endonucleases:
Ase I, Bgl II, Eco RI, Pst I, Xba I, or Pvu II (DuPont NEN).
The DNA from each digest is fractionated on a 0.7% agarose gel and transfewed to nylon membranes (Nytran Plus, Schleicher & Schuell, Durham NH). Hybridization is carried out for 16 hours at 40°C. To remove nonspecific signals, blots are sequentially washed at room temperature under conditions of up to, for example, 0.1 x saline. sodium citrate and 0.5%
sodium dode.cyl sulfate.
Hybridization patterns are visualized using autoradiography or an alternative imaging means and compared.
X. Microarrays The linkage or synthesis of array elements upon a microarray can be achieved utilizing photolithography, piezoelectric printing (ink jet printing, See, e.g., Baldeschweiler, supra.), mechanical microspotting technologies, and derivatives thereof. The substrate in each of the aforementioned technologies should be uniform and solid with a non-porous surface (Schena ( 1999), supra). Suggested substrates include silicon, silica, glass slides, glass chips, and silicon wafers.
Alternatively, a procedure analogous to a dot or slot blot may also be used to arrange and link elements to the surface of a substrate using thermal, UV, chemical, or mechanical bonding procedures. A typical array may be produced using available methods and machines well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and may contain any appropriate number of elements. (See, e.g., Schena, M. et al. (1995) Science 270:467-470; Shalom D. et al. (1996) Genome Res. 6:639-645;
Marshall, A. and J. Hodgson (1998) Nat. Biotechnol. 16:27-31.) Full length cDNAs, Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), or fragments or oligomers thereof may comprise the elements of the nucroarray. Fragments or oligomers suitable for hybridization can be selected using software well known in the art such as LASERGENE software (DNASTAR). The array elements are hybridized with polynucleotides in a biological sample. The polynucleotides in the biological sample are conjugated to a fluorescent label or other molecular tag fur ease of detection.
After hybridization, nonhybridized nucleotides from the biological sample are removed, and a fluorescence scanner is used to detect hybridization at each array element.
Alternatively, laser desorbtion and mass spectrometry may be used for detection of hybridization.
The degree of complementarity and the relative abundance of each polynucleotide which hybridizes to an element on the microarray may be assessed. In one embodiment, microarray preparation and usage is described in detail below.
Tissue or Cell Sample Preparation Total RNA is isolated from tissue samples using the guanidinium thiocyanate method and poly(A)+ RNA is purified using the oligo-(dT) cellulose method. Each poly(A)+
RNA sample is reverse transcribed using MMLV reverse-transcriptase, 0.05 pg/pl oligo-(dT) primer (2lmer), 1~
first strand buffer, 0.03 units/pl RNase inhibitor, 500 LdVI dATP, 500 L~M
dGTP, 500 L~M dTTP, 40 ~M dCTP, 40 ~M dCTP-Cy3 (BDS) or dCTP-Cy5 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). The reverse transcription reaction is performed in a 25 ml volume containing 200 ng poly(A)+ RNA with GEMBRIGHT kits (Incyte). Specific control poly(A)+ RNAs are synthesized by in vitro transcription from non-coding yeast genomic DNA. After incubation at 37°C for 2 hr, each reaction sample (one with Cy3 and another with Cy5 labeling) is treated with 2.5 ml of 0.5M sodium hydroxide and incubated for 20 minutes at 85°C to the stop the reaction and degrade the. RNA. Samples are purified using two successive CHROMA SPIN 30 gel filtration spin columns (CLONTECH
Laboratories, Inc.
(CLONTECH), Palo Alto CA) and after combining, both reaction samples are ethanol precipitated using 1 ml of glycogen (1 mg/ml), 60 ml sodium acetate, and 300 ml of 100%
ethanol. The sample is then dried to completion using a SpeedVAC (Savant Instruments Inc., Holbrook NY) and resuspended in 14 ~1 5X SSC/0.2% SDS.
Microarray Preparation Sequences of the present invention are used to generate array elements. Each array e.le.ment is amplified from bacterial cells containing vectors with cloned cDNA inserts.
PCR amplification uses primers complementary to the vector sequences flanking the cDNA insert.
Array elements are amplified in thirty cycles of PCR from an initial quantity of 1-2 ng to a final quantity greater than 5 pg. Amplified array elements are then purified using SEPHACR1'L-400 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech).
Purified array elements are immobilized on polymer-coated glass slides. Glass microscope slides (Corning) are. cleaned by ultrasound in 0.1% SDS and acetone, with extensive distilled water washes between and after treatments. Glass slides are etched in 4%
hydrofluoric acid (VWR
Scientific Products Corporation (VWR), West Chester PA), washed extensively in distilled water, and coated with 0.05% aminopropyl silane (Sigma) in 95% ethanol. Coated slides are cured in a 110°C oven.
Array elements are applied to the coated glass substrate using a procedure described in US
Patent No. 5,807,522, incorporated herein by reference. 1 ~1 of the array element DNA, at an average concentration of 100 ng/pl, is loaded into the open capillary printing element by a high-speed robotic apparatus. The apparatus then deposits about 5 n1 of array element sample per slide.
Microarrays are UV-crosslinked using a STRATALINkER UV-crosslinker (Stratagene).
Microarrays are washed at room temperature once in 0.2% SDS and three times in distilled water.
Non-specific binding sites are blocked by incubation of microarrays in 0.2%
casein in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Tropix, Inc., Bedford MA) for 30 minutes at 60°C
followed by washes in 0.2% SDS and distilled water as before.
Hybridization Hybridization reactions contain 9 p1 of sample mixture consisting of 0.2 pg each of Cy3 and Cy5 labeled cDNA synthesis products in 5X SSC, 0.2% SDS hybridization buffer.
The sample mixture is heated to 65°C for 5 minutes and is aliquoted onto the microarray surface and covered with an 1.8 cm'' coverslip. The arrays are transferred to a waterproof chamber having a cavity just slightly larger than a nucroscope slide. The chamber is kept at 100% humidity internally by the addition of 140 ~l of 5~ SSC in a corner of the chamber. The chamber containing the arrays is incubated for about 6.5 hours at 60°C. The arrays are washed for 10 min at 45°C in a first wash buffer (1X SSC, 0.1% SDS), three times for 10 minutes each at 45°C in a second wash buffer (0.1X
SSC), and dried.
Detection Reporter-labeled hybridization complexes are detected with a microscope equipped with an Innova 70 mixed gas 10 W laser (Coherent, Inc., Santa Clara CA) capable of generating spectral lines at 488 nm for excitation of Cy3 and at 632 nm for excitation of CyS. The excitation laser light is focused on the array using a 20X microscope objective (Nikon, Inc., Melville.
NY). The slide containing the array is placed on a computer-controlled X-Y stage on the.
microscope and raster-scanned past the objective. The 1.8 cm x 1.8 cm array used in the present example is scanned with a resolution of 20 micrometers.
In 'two separate scans, a mixed gas multiline laser excites the two fluorophore.s sequentially.
Emitted light is split, based on wavelength, into two photomultiplier tube detectors (PMT R 1477, Hamamatsu Photonics Systems, Bridgewater NJ) corresponding to the two fluorophores. Appropriate filters positioned between the array and the photomultiplier tubes are used to filter the signals. The emission maxima of the fluorophores used are 565 nm for Cy3 and 650 nm for CyS. Each away is typically scanned twice, one scan per fluorophore using the appropriate filters at the laser source, although the apparatus is capable of recording the spectra from both fluorophores simultaneously.
The sensitivity of the scans is typically calibrated using the signal intensity generated by a cDNA control species added to the sample mixture at a known concentration. A
specific location on the array contains a complementary DNA sequence, allowing the intensity of the signal at that location to be correlated with a weight ratio of hybridizing species of 1:100,000. When two samples from different sources (e.g., representing test and control cells), each labeled with a different fluorophore, are hybridized to a single array for the purpose of identifying genes that are differentially expressed, the calibration is done by labeling samples of the calibrating cDNA with the two fluorophores and adding identical amounts of each to the hybridization mixture.

The output of the photomultiplier tube is digitized using a I2-bit RTI-835H
analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion board (Analog Devices, Inc., Norwood MA) installed in an IBM-compatible PC
computer. The digitized data are displayed as an image where the signal intensity is mapped using a linear 20-color transformation to a pseudocolor scale ranging from blue. (low signal) to red (high signal). The data is also analyzed quantitatively. Where two different fluorophores are excited and measured simultaneously, the. data are first corrected for optical crosstalk (due to overlapping emission spectra) between the fluorophores using each fluorophore's emission spectrum.
A grid is superimposed over the fluorescence signal image such that the signal from each spot is ce.nte.red in each element of the grid. The fluorescence signal within each element is then integrated to obtain a numerical value corresponding to the average intensity of the signal. The software used for signal analysis is the GEMTOOLS gene expression analysis program (Incyte).
~I. Complementary Polynucleotides Sequences complementary to the TRICH-encoding sequences, or any parts thereof, are used to detect, decrease, or inhibit expression of naturally occurring TRICH.
Although use of oligonucleotides comprising from about 15 to 30 base pairs is described, essentially the same procedure is used with smaller or with larger sequence fragments. Appropriate oligonucleotides are designed using OLIGO 4.06 software (National Biosciences) and the coding sequence of TRICH. To inhibit transcription, a complementary oligonucleotide is designed from the most unique 5' sequence and used to prevent promoter binding to the coding sequence. To inhibit translation, a complementary oligonucleotide is designed to prevent ribosomal binding to the TRICH-encoding transcript.
1~II. Expression of TRICH
Expression and purification of TRICH is achieved using bacterial or virus-based expression systems. For expression of TRICH in bacteria, cDNA is subcloned into an appropriate vector containing an antibiotic resistance gene and an inducible promoter that directs high levels of cDNA
transcription. Examples of such promoters include, but are not limited to, the t~ p-lac (tac) hybrid promoter and the TS or T7 bacteriophage promoter in conjunction with the lac operator regulatory element. Recombinant vectors are transformed into suitable bacterial hosts, e.g., BL21 (DE3).
Antibiotic resistant bacteria express TRICH upon induction with isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Expression of TRICH in eukaryotic cells is achieved by infecting insect or mammalian cell lines with recombinant Autographica californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV), commonly known as baculovirus. The nonessential polyhedrin gene of baculovirus is replaced with cDNA encoding TRICH by either homologous recombination or bacterial-mediated transposition involving transfer plasmid intermediates. Viral infectivity is maintained and the strong polyhedrin promoter drives high levels of cDNA transcription. Recombinant baculovirus is used to infect Spodoptera fruaiperda (Sf9) insect cells in most cases, or human hepatocytes, in some cases.
Infection of the latter requires additional genetic modifications to baculovirus. (See Engelhard, E.K.
et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3224-3227; Sandig, V. et al.
(1996) Hum. Gene Ther.
7:1937-1945.) In most expression systems, TRICH is synthesized as a fusion protein with, e.g., glutathione S-transferase (GST) or a peptide epitope tag, such as FLAG or 6-His, permitting rapid, single-step, affinity-based purification of recombinant fusion protein from crude cell lysates. GST, a 26-kilodalton enzyme from Schistosoma japonicum, enables the purification of fusion proteins on irmnobilized glutathione under conditions that maintain protein activity and antigenicity (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Following purification, the GST moiety can be proteolytically cleaved from TRICH at specifically engineered sites. FLAG, an 8-amino acid peptide, enables immunoaffinity purification using commercially available monoclonal and polyclonal anti-FLAG
antibodies (Eastman Kodak). 6-His, a stretch of six consecutive histidine residues, enables purification on metal-chelate resins (QIAGEN). Methods for protein expression and purification are discussed in Ausubel (1995, supra, ch. 10 and 16). Purified TRICH obtained by these methods can be used directly in the assays shown in Examples XVI, XVII, and XVIB, where applicable.
XIII. Functional Assays TRICH function is assessed by expressing the sequences encoding TRICH at physiologically elevated levels in mammalian cell culture systems. cDNA is subcloned into a mammalian expression vector containing a strong promoter that drives high levels of cDNA
expression. Vectors of choice include PCMV SPORT (Life Technologies) and PCR3.1 (W vitrogen, Carlsbad CA), both of which contain the cytomegalovirus promoter. 5-10 ,ug of recombinant vector are transiently transfected into a human cell line, for example, an endothelial or hematopoietic cell line, using either liposome formulations or electroporation. 1-2 ug of an additional plasmid containing sequences encoding a marker protein are co-transfected. Expression of a marker protein provides a means to distinguish transfected cells from nontransfected cells and is a reliable predictor of cDNA expression from the recombinant vector. Marker proteins of choice include, e.g., Gre.en Fluorescent Protein (GFP;
Clontech), CD64, or a CD64-GFP fusion protein. Flow cytometry (FCM), an automated, laser optics-based technique, is used to identify transfected cells expressing GFP or CD64-GFP and to evaluate the apoptotic state of the cells and other cellular properties. FCM detects and quantifies the uptake of fluorescent molecules that diagnose events preceding or coincident with cell death. These events include changes in nuclear DNA content as measured by staining of DNA with propidium iodide;
changes in cell size and granularity as measured by forward light scatter and 90 degree side light scatter; down-regulation of DNA synthesis as measured by decrease in bromodeoxyuridine uptake.;
alterations in expression of cell surface and intracellular proteins as measured by reactivity with specific antibodies; and alterations in plasma membrane composition as measured by the binding of fluorescein-conjugated Annexin V protein to the cell surface. Methods in flow cytometry are discussed in Ormerod, M.G. (1994) Flow C try, Oxford, New York NY.
The influence of TRICH on gene expression can be assessed using highly purified populations of cells transfected with sequences encoding TRICH and either CD64 or CD64-GFP.
CD64 and CD64-GFP are expressed on the. surface of transfected cells and bind to conserved regions of human immunoglobulin G (IgG). Transfected cells are efficiently separated from nontransfected cells using magnetic beads coated with either human IgG or antibody against CD64 (DYNAL, Lake Success NY). mRNA can be purified from the cells using methods well known by those of skill in the art. Expression of mRNA encoding TRICH and other genes of interest can be analyzed by northern analysis or microarray techniques.
HIV. Production of TRICH Specific Antibodies TRICH substantially purified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE;
see, e.g., Harrington, M.G. (1990) Methods Enzymol. 182:488-495), or other purification techniques, is used to innnunize rabbits and to produce antibodies using standard protocols.
Alternatively, the TRICH amino acid sequence is analyzed using LASERGENE
software (DNASTAR) to determine regions of high immunogenicity, and a corresponding oligopeptide is synthesized and used to raise antibodies by means known to those of skill in the art. Methods for selection of appropriate epitopes, such as those. near the C-terminus or in hydrophilic regions are well described in the art. (See, e.g., Ausubel, 1995, supra, ch. 11.) Typically, oligopeptides of about 15 residues in length are synthesized using an ABI 431A
peptide synthesizer (Applied Biosystems) using FMOC chemistry and coupled to KL,H (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis MO) by reaction with N-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS) to increase imununogenicity. (See, e.g., Ausubel, 1995, supra.) Rabbits are immunized with the oligopeptide-KLH complex in complete Freund's adjuvant. Resulting antisera are tested for antipeptide and anti-TRICH activity by, for example, binding the peptide or TRICH to a substrate, blocking with 1 % BSA, reacting with rabbit antisera, washing, and reacting with radio-iodinated goat anti-rabbit IgG.
XV. Purification of Naturally Occurring TRICH Using Specific Antibodies Naturally occurring or recombinant TRICH is substantially purified by immunoaffinity chromatob aphy using antibodies specific for TRICH. An immunoaffinity column is constructed by covalently coupling anti-TRICH antibody to an activated chromatographic resin, such as CNBr-activated SEPHAROSE (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). After the coupling, the resin is blocked and washed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Media containing TRICH are passed over the immunoaffinity column, and the column is washed under conditions that allow the preferential absorbance of TRICH (e.g., high ionic strength buffers in the presence of detergent). The column is eluted under conditions that disrupt antibody/TRICH binding (e.g., a buffer of pH 2 to pH 3, or a high concentration of a chaotrope, such as urea or thiocyanate ion), and TRICH is collected.
XVI. Identification of Molecules Which Interact with TRICH
Molecules which interact with TRICH may include transporter substrates, agonists or antagonists, modulatory proteins such as G(3~y proteins (Reimann, supra) or proteins involved in TRICH localization or clustering such as MAGUKs (Craven, supra). TRICH, or biologically active fragments thereof, are labeled with''SI Bolton-Hunter reagent. (See, e.g., Bolton A.E. and W.M.
Hunter (1973) Biochem. J. 133:529-539.) Candidate molecules previously arrayed in the wells of a mufti-well plate are incubated with the labeled TRICH, washed, and any wells with labeled TRICH
complex are assayed. Data obtained using different concentrations of TRICH
are. used to calculate values for the number, affinity, and association of TRICH with the candidate molecules.
Alternatively, proteins that interact with TRICH are isolated using the yeast 2-hybrid system (Fields, S. and O. Song ( 1989) Nature 340:245-246). TRICH, or fragments thereof, are expressed as fusion proteins with the DNA binding domain of Gal4 or lexA, and potential interacting proteins are expressed as fusion proteins with an activation domain. Interactions between the TRICH fusion protein and the TRICH interacting proteins (fusion proteins with an activation domain) reconstitute a transactivation function that is observed by expression of a reporter gene.
Yeast 2-hybrid systems are commercially available, and methods for use of the yeast 2-hybrid system with ion channel proteins are discussed in Niethanumer, M. and M. Sheng (1998, Meth. Enzymol. 293:104-122).
TRICH may also be used in the PATHCALLING process (CuraGe,n Corp., New Haven CT) which employs the yeast, two-hybrid system in a high-throughput manner to determine all interactions between the proteins encoded by two large libraries of genes (Nandabalan, K.
et al. (2000) U.S.
Patent No. 6,057,101).
Potential TRICH agonists or antagonists may be tested for activation or inhibition of TRICH
ion channel activity using the assays described in section XV)TI.
XVII. Demonstration of TRICH Activity Ion channel activity of TRICH is demonstrated using an electrophysiological assay for ion conductance. TRICH can be expressed by transforming a mammalian cell line such as COS7, HeLa or CHO with a eukaryotic expression vector encoding TRICH. Eukaryotic expression vectors are commercially available, and the techniques to introduce them into cells are well known to those skilled in the art. A second plasmid which expresses any one of a number of marker genes, such as f3-galactosidase, is co-transformed into the cells to allow rapid identification of those cells which have taken up and expressed the foreign DNA. The cells are incubated for 48-72 hours after transformation under conditions appropriate for the cell line to allow expression and accumulation of TRICH and J3-galactosidase.
Transformed cells expressing 13-galactosidase are stained blue when a suitable colorimetric substrate is added to the culture media under conditions that are well known in the art. Stained cells are tested for differences in membrane conductance by electrophysiological techniques that are well known in the art. Untransformed cells, and/or cells transformed with either vector sequences alone or 13-galactosidase sequences alone, are used as controls and tested in parallel.
Cells expressing TRICH
will have higher anion or cation conductance relative to control cells. The contribution of TRICH to conductance can be confirmed by incubating the. cells using antibodies specific for TRICH. The antibodies will bind to the extracellular side of TRICH, thereby blocking the pore in the ion channel, and the associated conductance.
Alternatively, ion channel activity of TRICH is measured as current flow across a TRICH-containing Xen~us laevis oocyte membrane using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique (Ishi et al., supra; Jegla, T. and L. Salkoff ( 1997) J. Neurosci. 17:32-44). TRICH is subcloned into an appropriate Xenopus oocyte expression vector, such as pBF, and 0.5-5 ng of mRNA is injected into mature stage IV oocytes. Injected oocytes are incubated at I8 °C for I-5 days. Inside-out macropatches are excised into an intracellular solution containing 116 mM K-gluconate, 4 mM KCI, and 10 mIM Hepes (pH 7.2). The intracellular solution is supplemented with varying concentrations of the TRICH mediator, such as cAMP, cGMP, or Ca+' (in the form of CaCI~), where appropriate.
Electrode resistance is set at 2-5 MS2, and electrodes are filled with the intracellular solution lacking mediator. Experiments are performed at room temperature from a holding potential of 0 mV.
Voltage ramps (2.5 s) from -100 to 100 mV are acquired at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz. Current measured is proportional to the activity of TRICH in the assay.
Transport activity of TRICH is assayed by measuring uptake of labeled substrates into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Oocytes at stages V and VI are injected with TRICH
mRNA (10 ng per oocyte) and incubated for 3 days at 18°C in OR2 medium (82.5mM NaCI, 2.5 mM KCI, ImM CaCI~, 1mM MgCl2, 1mM Na2HPOa, 5 mM Hepes, 3.8 mM NaOH , 50~g/n~l gentamycin, pH 7.8) to allow expression of TRICH. Oocytes are then transferred to standard uptake medium ( 100mM NaCI, 2 mM
KCI, 1mM CaCI~, 1mM MgCI~, 10 mM Hepes/Tris pH 7.5). Uptake of various substrates (e.g., amino acids, sugars, drugs, ions, and neurotransmitters) is initiated by adding labeled substrate (e.g.
radiolabeled with 3H, fluorescently labeled with rhodamine, etc.) to the oocytes. After incubating for 30 minutes, uptake is terminated by washing the oocytes three times in Nay-free medium, measuring the incorporated label, and comparing with controls. TRICH activity is proportional to the level of internalized labeled substrate.

ATPase activity associated with TRICH can be measured by hydrolysis of radiolabeled ATP-[y-3'P], separation of the. hydrolysis products by chromatographic methods, and quantitation of the recovered 3'P using a scintillation counter. The reaction mixture contains ATP-['y 3'-P] and varying amounts of TRICH in a suitable buffer incubated at 37 °C for a suitable period of time. The reaction is terminated by acid precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and then neutralized with base, and an aliquot of the reaction mixture is subjected to membrane or filter paper-based chromatography to separate the reaction products. The amount of 3'P liberated is counted in a scintillation counter. The amount of radioactivity recovered is proportional to the ATPase activity of TRICH in the assay.
XVIII. Identification of TRICH Agonists and Antagonists TRICH is expressed in a eukaryotic cell Iine such as CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) or HEK
(Human Embryonic Kidney) 293. Ion channel activity of the transformed cells is measured in the presence and absence of candidate agonists or antagonists. Ion channel activity is assayed using patch clamp methods well known in the art or as described in Example XVII.
Alternatively, ion channel activity is assayed using fluorescent techniques that measure ion flux across the cell membrane (Velicelebi, G. et al. (1999) Meth. Enzymol. 294:20-47; West, M.R.
and C.R. Molloy (1996) Anal. Biochem. 241:51-58). These assays may be adapted for high-throughput screening using microplates. Changes in internal ion concentration are measured using fluorescent dyes such as the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4 AM,'sodium-sensitive dyes such as SBFI and sodium green, or the Cl-indicator MQAE (all available from Molecular Probes) in combination with the FLIPR fluorimetric plate reading system (Molecular Devices). In a more generic version of this assay, changes in membrane potential caused by ionic flux across the plasma membrane are measured using oxonyl dyes such as DiBAC:~ (Molecular Probes). DiBAC;~ equilibrates between the extracellular solution and cellular sites according to the cellular membrane potential. The dye's fluorescence intensity is 20-fold greater when bound to hydrophobic intracellular sites, allowing detection of DiBACa entry into the cell (Gonzalez, T.E. and P.A. Neb lescu (1998) Curr. Opin.
Biotechnol. 9:624-631).
Candidate agonists or antagonists may be selected from known ion channel agonists or antagonists, peptide libraries, or combinatorial chemical libraries.
Various modifications and variations of the described methods and systems of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with certain embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in molecular biology or related fields are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.

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<110> INCYTE GENOMICS, INC.
REDDY, Roopa THORNTON, Michael BOROWSKY, Mark L.
TANG, Y. Tom KHAN, Farrah A.
TRIBOULEY, Catherine M.
GANDHI, Ameena R.
YAO, Monique G.
SANJANWALA, Madhu S.
BAUGHN, Mariah R.
NGUYEN, Danniel B.
POLICKY, Jennifer L.
YUE, Henry SEILHAMER, Jeffrey J.
WALIA, Narinder K.
LAL, Preeti KEARNEY, Liam WALSH, Roderick T.
LU, Dyung Aina M.
LU, Yan GREENE, Barrie D.
RAUMANN, Brigitte E.
PATTERSON, Chandra <120> TRANSPORTERS AND ION CHANNELS
<130> PI-0067 PCT
<140> To Be Assigned <141> Herewith <150> 60/195,595; 60/196,872; 60/199,030; 60/300,553; 60/302,348;
60/203,495 <151> 2000-04-06; 2000-04-12; 2000-04-20; 2000-04-28; 2000-05-05;

<160> 30 <170> PERL Program <210> 1 <211> 520 <212> PRT
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 1784775CD1 <400> 1 Met Cys Leu Leu Val Phe Pro Leu Val Pro Arg Ser Pro Asp Tyr Ile Leu Pro Cys Ser Pro Gly Trp Arg Leu Arg Leu Ala Ala Ser Phe Leu Leu Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Leu Asp Leu Leu Pro Val Ala Leu Pro Pro Gly Ala Gly Pro Gly Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Gly Cys Val Ala Ala Val Ala Trp Ile Ser His Ser Leu Ala Leu Trp Val Leu Ala His Ser Pro His Gly His Ser Arg Gly Pro Leu Ala Leu Ala Leu Val Ala Leu Leu Pro Ala Pro Ala Leu Val Leu Thr Val Leu Trp His Cys Gln Arg Gly Thr Leu Leu Pro Pro Leu Leu Pro Gly Pro Met Ala Arg Leu Cys Leu Leu Ile Leu Gln Leu Ala Ala Leu Leu Ala Tyr Ala Leu Gly Trp Ala Ala Pro Gly Gly Pro Arg Glu Pro Trp Ala Gln Glu Pro Leu Leu Pro Glu Asp Gln Glu Pro Glu Val Ala Glu Asp Gly Glu Ser Trp Leu Ser Arg Phe Ser Tyr Ala Trp Leu Ala Pro Leu Leu Ala Arg Gly Ala Cys Gly Glu Leu Arg Gln Pro Gln Asp Ile Cys Arg Leu Pro His Arg Leu Gln Pro Thr Tyr Leu Ala Arg Val Phe Gln Ala His Trp Gln Glu Gly Ala Arg Leu Trp Arg Ala Leu Tyr Gly Ala Phe Gly Arg Cys Tyr Leu Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Lys Leu Val Gly Thr Met Leu Gly Phe Ser Gly Pro Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Gly Phe Leu Glu Glu Gly Gln Glu Pro Leu Ser His Gly Leu Leu Tyr Ala Leu Gly Leu Ala Gly Gly Ala Val Leu Gly Ala Val Leu Gln Asn Gln Tyr Gly Tyr Glu Val Tyr Lys Val Thr Leu Gln Ala Arg Gly Ala Val Leu Asn Ile Leu Tyr Cys Lys Ala Leu Gln Leu Gly Pro Ser Arg Pro Pro Thr Gly Glu Ala Leu Asn Leu Leu Gly Thr Asp Ser Glu Arg Leu Leu Asn Phe Ala Gly Ser Phe His Glu Ala Trp Gly Leu Pro Leu Gln Leu Ala Ile Thr Leu Tyr Leu Leu Tyr Gln Gln Val Gly Val Ala Phe Val Gly Gly Leu Ile Leu Ala Leu Leu Leu Val Pro Val Asn Lys Val Ile Ala Thr Arg Ile Met Ala Ser Asn Gln Glu Met Leu Gln His Lys Asp Ala Arg Val Lys Leu Val Thr Glu Leu Leu Ser Gly Ile Arg Val Ile Lys Phe Cys Gly Trp Glu Gln Ala Leu Gly Ala Arg Val Glu Ala Cys Arg Ala Arg Glu Leu Gly Arg Leu Arg Val Ile Lys Tyr Leu Asp Ala Ala Cys Val Tyr Leu Trp Ala Ala Leu Pro Val Val Ile Ser Ile Val Ile Phe Ile Thr Tyr Val Leu Met Gly His Gln Leu Thr Ala Thr Lys Val Arg Thr Arg Lys Glu Gly Asp Gln His Gln Gly Asp Phe Ser Glu Val Lys Thr Glu Ala Trp Ala Leu Ser Ala Gly <310> 2 <211> 346 <212> PRT
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7473034CD1 <400> 2 Met Val Gln Ala Ser Gly His Arg Arg Ser Thr Arg Gly Ser Lys Met Val Ser Trp Ser Val Ile Ala Lys Ile Gln Glu Ile Trp Cys Glu Glu Asp Glu Arg Lys Met Val Arg Glu Phe Leu Ala Glu Phe Met Ser Thr Tyr Val Met Met Val Phe Gly Leu Gly Ser Val Ala His Met Val Leu Asn Lys Thr Tyr Gly Ser Tyr Leu Gly Val Asn Leu Gly Phe Gly Phe Gly Val Thr Met Gly Val His Val Ala Gly Arg Ile Ser Gly Ala His Met Asn Ala Ala Val Thr Phe Thr Asn Cys Ala Leu Gly Arg Val Pro Trp Arg Lys Phe Pro Val His Val Leu Gly Gln Phe Leu Gly Ser Phe Leu Ala Ala Ala Thr Ile Tyr Ser Leu Phe Tyr Ser Ala Ile Leu His Phe Ser Gly Gly Glu Leu Met Val Thr Gly Pro Phe Ala Thr Ala Gly Ile Phe Ala Thr Tyr Leu Pro Asp His Met Thr Leu Trp Arg Gly Phe Leu Asn Glu Glu Trp Leu Thr Arg Met Leu Gln Leu Cys Leu Phe Thr Ile Thr Asp Gln Glu Asn Asn Pro Ala Leu Pro Gly Thr His Ala Leu Val Ile Ser Ile Leu Val Val Ile Ile Arg Val Ser His Gly Ile Asn Thr Gly Tyr Ala Ile Asn Pro Ser Arg Asp Pro Pro Pro Ser Ile Phe Thr Phe Ile Ala Gly Trp Gly Lys Gln Val Phe Ser Asp Gly Glu Asn Trp Trp Trp Val Pro Val Val Ala Pro Leu Leu Gly Ala Ser Leu Gly Gly Ile Ile Tyr Leu Val Phe Ile Gly Ser Thr Ile Pro Arg Glu Pro Leu Lys Leu Glu Asp Ser Val Ala Tyr Glu Asp His Gly Tle Thr Val Leu Pro Lys Met Gly Ser His Glu Pro Met Ile Ser Pro Leu Thr Leu Ile Ser Val Ser Leu Ala Asn Arg Ser Ser Val His Ser Ala Pro Pro Leu His Glu Ser Met Ala Leu Glu His Phe <210> 3 <211> 332 <312> PRT
<~13> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 1878581CD1 <400> 3 Met Ser Gly Glu Leu Pro Pro Asn Ile Asn Ile Lys Glu Pro Arg Trp Asp Gln Ser Thr Phe Ile Gly Arg Ala Asn His Phe Phe Thr Val Thr Asp Pro Arg Asn Ile Leu Leu Thr Asn Glu Gln Leu Glu Ser Ala Arg Lys Ile Val His Asp Tyr Arg Gln Gly Ile Val Pro Pro Gly Leu Thr Glu Asn Glu Leu Trp Arg Ala Lys Tyr Ile Tyr Asp Ser Ala Phe His Pro Asp Thr Gly Glu Lys Met Tle Leu Ile Gly Arg Met Ser Ala Gln Val Pro Met Asn Met Thr Ile Thr Gly Cys Met Met Thr Phe Tyr Arg Thr Thr Pro Ala Val Leu Phe Trp Gln Trp Ile Asn Gln Ser Phe Asn Ala Val Val Asn Tyr Thr Asn Arg Ser Gly Asp Ala Pro Leu Thr Val Asn Glu Leu Gly Thr Ala Tyr Val Ser Ala Thr Thr Gly Ala Val Ala Thr Ala Leu Gly Leu Asn Ala Leu Thr Lys His Val Ser Pro Leu Ile Gly Arg Phe Val Pro Phe Ala Ala Val Ala Ala Ala Asn Cys Ile Asn Ile Pro Leu Met Arg Gln Arg Glu Leu Lys Val Gly Ile Pro Val Thr Asp Glu Asn Gly Asn Arg Leu Gly Glu Ser Ala Asn Ala Ala Lys Gln Ala Ile Thr Gln Val Val Val Ser Arg Ile Leu Met Ala Ala Pro Gly Met Ala Ile Pro Pro Phe Ile Diet Asn Thr Leu Glu Lys Lys Ala Phe Leu Lys Arg Phe Pro Trp Met Ser Ala Pro Ile Gln Val Gly Leu Val Gly Phe Cys Leu Val Phe Ala Thr Pro Leu Cys Cys Ala Leu Phe Pro Gln Lys Ser Ser Met Ser Val Thr Ser Leu Glu Ala Glu Leu Gln Ala Lys Ile Gln Glu Ser His Pro Glu Leu Arg Arg Val Tyr Phe Asn Lys Gly Leu <310> 4 <211> 723 <212> PRT
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<231> misc_feature <233> Incyte ID No: 2246392CD1 <400> 4 Met Arg Leu Trp Lys Ala Val Val Val Thr Leu Ala Phe Met Ser Val Asp Ile Cys Val Thr Thr Ala Ile Tyr Val Phe Ser His Leu Asp Arg Ser Leu Leu Glu Asp Ile Arg His Phe Asn Ile Phe Asp Ser Val Leu Asp Leu Trp Ala Ala Cys Leu Tyr Arg Ser Cys Leu Leu Leu Gly Ala Thr Ile Gly Val Ala Lys Asn Ser Ala Leu Gly Pro Arg Arg Leu Arg Ala Ser Trp Leu Val Ile Ser Leu Val Cys Leu Phe Val Gly Ile Tyr Ala Met Val Lys Leu Leu Leu Phe Ser Glu Val Arg Arg Pro Ile Arg Asp Pro Trp Phe Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Trp Thr Tyyr Ile Ser Leu Gly Ala Ser Phe Leu Leu Trp Trp Leu Leu Ser Thr Val Arg Pro Gly Thr Gln Ala Leu Glu Pro Gly 140 145 . 150 Ala Ala Thr Glu Ala Glu Gly Phe Pro Gly Ser Gly Arg Pro Pro Pro Glu Gln Ala Ser Gly Ala Thr Leu Gln Lys Leu Leu Ser Tyr Thr Lys Pro Asp Val Ala Phe Leu Val Ala Ala Ser Phe Phe Leu Ile Val Ala Ala Leu Gly Glu Thr Phe Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Thr Gly Arg Ala Ile Asp Gly Ile Val Ile Gln Lys Ser Met Asp Gln Phe 215 220 ~25 Ser Thr Ala Val Val Ile Val Cys Leu Leu Ala Ile Gly Ser Ser Phe Ala Ala Gly Ile Arg Gly Gly Ile Phe Thr Leu Ile Phe Ala Arg Leu Asn Ile Arg Leu Arg Asn Cys Leu Phe Arg Ser Leu Val ?60 365 270 Ser Gln Glu Thr Ser Phe Phe Asp Glu Asn Arg Thr Gly Asp Leu Ile Ser Arg Leu Thr Ser Asp Thr Thr Met Val Ser Asp Leu Val Ser Gln Asn Ile Asn Val Phe Leu Arg Asn Thr Val Lys Val Thr Gly Val Val Val Phe Met Phe Ser Leu Ser Trp Gln Leu Ser Leu Val Thr Phe Met Gly Phe Pro Ile Ile Met Met Val Ser Asn Ile Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Lys Arg Leu Ser Lys Glu Val Gln Asn Ala Leu Ala Arg Ala Ser Asn Thr Ala Glu Glu Thr Ile Ser Ala Met Lys Thr Val Arg Ser Phe Ala Asn Glu Glu Glu Glu Ala Glu Val Tyr Leu Arg Lys Leu Gln Gln Val Tyr Lys Leu Asn Arg Lys Glu Ala Ala Ala Tyr Met Tyr Tyr Val Trp Gly Ser Gly Ser Val Gly Ser Val Tyr Ser Gly Leu Met Gln Gly Val Gly Ala Ala Glu Lys Val Phe Glu Phe Ile Asp Arg Gln Pro Thr Met Val His Asp Gly Ser Leu Ala Pro Asp His Leu Glu Gly Arg Val Asp Phe Glu Asn Val Thr Phe Thr Tyr Arg Thr Arg Pro His Thr Gln Val Leu Gln Asn Val Ser Phe Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys Val Thr Ala Leu Val Gly Pro Sex Gly Ser Gly Lys Ser Ser Cys Val Asn Ile Leu Glu Asn Phe Tyr Pro Leu Glu Gly Gly Arg Val Leu Leu Asp Gly Lys Pro Ile Ser Ala Tyr Asp His Lys Tyr Leu His Arg Val Ile Ser Leu Val Ser Gln Glu Pro Val Leu Phe Ala Arg Ser Ile Thr Asp Asn Ile Ser Tyr Gly Leu Pro Thr Val Pro Phe Glu Met Val Val Glu Ala Ala Gln Lys Ala Asn Ala His Gly Phe Ile Met Glu Leu Gln Asp Gly Tyr Ser Thr Glu Thr Gly Glu Lys Gly Ala Gln Leu Ser Gly Gly Gln Lys Gln Arg Val Ala Met Ala Arg Ala Leu Val Arg Asn Pro Pro Val Leu Ile Leu Asp Glu Ala Thr Ser Ala Leu Asp Ala Glu Ser Glu Tyr Leu Ile Gln Gln Ala Tle His Gly Asn Leu Gln Lys His Thr Val Leu Ile Ile Ala His Arg Leu Ser Thr Val Glu His Ala His Leu Ile Val Val Leu Asp Lys Gly Arg Val Val Gln Gln Gly Thr His Gln Gln Leu Leu Ala Gln Gly Gly Leu Tyr Ala Lys Leu Val Gln Arg Gln Met Leu Gly Leu Gln Pro Ala Ala Asp Phe Thr Ala Gly His Asn Glu Pro Val Ala Asn Gly Ser His Lys Ala <210> 5 <311> 1009 <212> PRT
<213> Homo Sapiens <230>
<321> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 5151730CD1 <400> 5 Met Glu Ala Leu Thr Leu Trp Leu Leu Pro Trp Tle Cys Gln Cys Val Ser Val Arg Ala Asp Ser Ile Ile His Ile Gly Ala Ile Phe Glu Glu Asn Ala Ala Lys Asp Asp Arg Val Phe Gln Leu Ala Val Ser Asp Leu Ser Leu Asn Asp Asp Ile Leu Gln Ser Glu Lys Ile Thr Tyr Ser Ile Lys Val Ile Glu Ala Asn Asn Pro Phe Gln Ala Val Gln Glu Ala Cys Asp Leu Met Thr Gln Gly Ile Leu Ala Leu Val Thr Ser Thr Gly Cys Ala Ser Ala Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Leu Thr Asp Ala Met His Ile Pro His Leu Phe Val Gln Arg Asn Pro Gly Gly Ser Pro Arg Thr Ala Cys His Leu Asn Pro Ser Pro Asp Gly Glu Ala Tyr Thr Leu Ala Ser Arg Pro Pro Val Arg Leu Asn Asp Val Met Leu Arg Leu Val Thr Glu Leu Arg Trp Gln Lys Phe Val Met Phe Tyr Asp Ser Glu Tyr Asp Ile Arg Gly Leu Gln Ser Phe Leu Asp Gln Ala Ser Arg Leu Gly Leu Asp Val Ser Leu Gln Lys Val Asp Lys Asn Ile Ser His Val Phe Thr Ser Leu Phe Thr Thr Met Lys Thr Glu Glu Leu Asn Arg Tyr Arg Asp Thr Leu Arg Arg Ala Ile Leu Leu Leu Ser Pro Gln Gly Ala His Ser Phe Ile Asn Glu Ala Val Glu Thr Asn Leu Ala Ser Lys Asp Ser His Trp Val Phe Val Asn Glu Glu Ile Ser Asp Pro Glu Ile Leu Asp Leu Val His Ser Ala Leu Gly Arg Met Thr Val Val Arg Gln Ile Phe Pro Ser Ala Lys Asp Asn Gln Lys Cys Thr Arg Asn Asn His Arg Ile Ser Ser Leu Leu Cys Asp Pro Gln Glu Gly Tyr Leu Gln Met Leu Gln Ile Ser Asn Leu Tyr Leu Tyr Asp Ser Val Leu Met Leu Ala Asn Ala Phe His Arg Lys Leu Glu Asp Arg Lys Trp His Ser Met Ala Ser Leu Asn Cys Ile Arg Lys Ser Thr Lys Pro Trp Asn Gly Gly Arg Ser Met Leu Asp Thr Ile Lys Lys Gly His Ile Thr Gly Leu Thr Gly Val Met Glu Phe Arg Glu Asp Ser Ser Asn Pro Tyr Val Gln Phe Glu Ile Leu Gly Thr Thr Tyr Ser Glu Thr Phe Gly Lys Asp Met Arg Lys Leu Ala Thr Trp Asp Ser Glu Lys Gly Leu Asn Gly Ser Leu Gln Glu Arg Pro Met Gly Ser Arg Leu Gln Gly Leu Thr Leu Lys Val Val Thr Val Leu Glu Glu Pro Phe Val Met Val Ala Glu Asn Ile Leu Gly Gln Pro Lys Arg Tyr Lys Gly Phe Ser Ile Asp Val Leu Asp Ala Leu Ala Lys Ala Leu Gly Phe Lys Tyr Glu Ile Tyr Gln Ala Pro Asp Gly Arg Tyr Gly His Gln Leu His Asn Thr Ser Trp Asn Gly Met Ile Gly Glu Leu Ile Ser Lys Arg Ala Asp Leu Ala Ile Ser Ala Ile Thr Ile Thr Pro Glu Arg Glu Ser Val Val Asp Phe Ser Lys Arg Tyr Met Asp Tyr Ser Val Gly Ile Leu Ile Lys Lys Pro Glu Glu Lys Ile Ser Ile Phe Ser Leu Phe Ala Pro Phe Asp Phe Ala Val Trp Ala Cys Ile Ala Ala Ala Ile Pro Val Val Gly Val Leu Ile Phe Val Leu Asn Arg Ile Gln Ala Val Arg Ala Gln Ser Ala Ala Gln Pro Arg Pro Ser Ala Ser Ala Thr Leu His Ser Ala Ile Trp Ile Val Tyr Gly Ala Phe Val Gln Gln Gly Gly Glu Ser Ser Val Asn Ser Met Ala Met Arg Ile Val Met Gly Ser Trp Trp Leu Phe Thr Leu Ile Val Cys Ser Ser Tyr Thr Ala Asn Leu Ala Ala Phe Leu Thr Val Ser Arg Met Asp Asn Pro Ile Arg Thr Phe Gln Asp Leu Ser Lys Gln Val Glu Met Ser Tyr Gly Thr Val Arg Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Glu Tyr Phe Arg Ala Lys Gly Thr Asn Pro Leu Glu Gln Asp Ser Thr Phe Ala Glu Leu Trp Arg Thr Ile Ser Lys Asn Gly Gly Ala Asp Asn Cys Val Ser Ser Pro Ser Glu Gly Ile Arg Lys Ala Lys Lys Gly Asn Tyr Ala Phe Leu Trp Asp Val Ala Val Val Glu Tyr Ala Ser Leu Thr Asp Asp Asp Cys Ser Val Thr Val Ile Gly Asn Ser Ile Ser Ser Lys Glyy Tyr Gly Ile Ala Leu Gln His Gly Ser Pro Tyr Arg Asp Leu Phe Ser Gln Arg Ile Leu Glu Leu Gln Asp Thr Gly Asp Leu Asp Val Leu Lys Gln Lys Trp Trp Pro His Met Gly Arg Cys Asp Leu Thr Ser His Ala Ser Ala Gln Ala Asp Gly Lys Ser Leu Lys Leu His Ser Phe Ala Gly Val Phe Cys Ile Leu Ala Ile Gly Leu Leu Leu Ala Cys Leu Val Ala Ala Leu Glu Leu Trp Trp Asn Ser Asn Arg Cys His Gln Glu Thr Pro Lys Glu Asp Lys Glu Val Asn Leu Glu Gln Val His Arg Arg Met Asn Ser Leu Met Asp Glu Asp Ile Ala His Lys Gln Ile Ser Pro Ala Ser Ile Glu Leu Ser Ala Leu Glu Met Gly Gly Leu Ala Pro Thr Gln Thr Leu Glu Pro Thr Arg Glu Tyr Gln Asn Thr Gln Leu Ser Val Ser Thr Phe Leu Pro Glu Gln Ser Ser His Gly Thr Ser Arg Thr Leu Ser Ser Gly Pro Ser Ser Asn Leu Pro Leu Pro Leu Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Met Pro Ser Met Gln Cys Lys His Arg Ser Pro,Asn Gly Gly Leu Phe Arg Gln Ser Pro Val Lys Thr Pro Ile Pro Met Ser Phe Gln Pro Val Pro Gly Gly Val Leu Pro Glu Ala Leu Asp Thr Ser His Gly Thr Ser Ile <210> 6 <211> 374 <212> PRT
<213> Homo sapiens <~20>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7472584CD1 <400> 6 Met Lys Arg Gln Asn Val Arg Thr Leu Ser Leu Ile Val Cys Thr Phe Thr Tyr Leu Leu Val Gly Ala Ala Val Phe Asp Ala Leu Glu Ser Asp His Glu Met Arg Glu Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Glu Glu Ile Arg Ile Lys Gly Lys Tyr Asn Ile Ser Ser Glu Asp Tyr Arg Gln Leu Glu Leu Val Ile Leu Gln Ser Glu Pro His Arg Ala Gly Val Gln Trp Lys Phe Ala Gly Ser Phe Tyr Phe Ala Ile Thr Val Ile Thr Thr Ile Gly Tyr Gly His Ala Ala Pro Gly Thr Asp Ala Gly Lys Ala Phe Cys Met Phe Tyr Ala Val Leu Gly Ile Pro Leu Thr Leu Val Met Phe Gln Ser Leu Gly Glu Arg Met Asn Thr Phe Val Arg Tyr Leu Leu Lys Arg Ile Lys Lys Cys Cys Gly Met Arg Asn Thr Asp Val Ser Met Glu Asn Met Val Thr Val Gly Phe Phe Ser Cys Met Gly Thr Leu Cys Ile Gly Ala Ala Ala Phe Ser Gln Cys Glu Glu Trp Ser Phe Phe His Ala Tyr Tyr Tyr Cys Phe Ile Thr Leu Thr Thr Ile Gly Phe Gly Asp Tyr Val Ala Leu Gln Thr Lys Gly Ala Leu Gln Lys Lys Pro Leu Tyr Val Ala Phe Ser Phe Met Tyr Ile Leu Val Gly Leu Thr Val Ile Gly Ala Phe Leu Asn Leu Val Val Leu Arg Phe Leu Thr Met Asn Ser Glu Asp Glu Arg Arg Asp Ala Glu Glu Arg Ala Ser Leu Ala Gly Asn Arg Asn Ser Met Val Ile His Ile Pro Glu Glu Pro Arg Pro Ser Arg Pro Arg Tyr Lys Ala Asp Val Pro Asp Leu Gln Ser Val Cys Ser Cys Thr Cys Tyr Arg Ser Gln Asp Tyr Gly Gly Arg Ser Val Ala Pro Gln Asn Ser Phe Ser Ala Lys Leu Ala Pro His Tyr Phe His Ser Ile 3~0 335 330 Ser Tyr Lys Ile Glu Glu Ile Ser Pro Ser Thr Leu Lys Asn Ser Leu Phe Pro Ser Pro Ile Ser Ser Ile Ser Pro Gly Leu His Ser Phe Thr Asp His Gln Arg Leu Met Lys Arg Arg Lys Ser Val <210> 7 <211> 589 <213> PRT
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<3~1> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7472536CD1 <400> 7 Met Ser Ala Val Leu Thr Pro Gly Leu Phe Leu Pro Leu Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Ala Ser Leu His Lys Ala Gly Gly Thr Gly Pro Gln Val Arg Pro Met Ala Met Ala Phe Thr Asp Leu Leu Asp Ala Leu Gly Ser Met'Gly Arg Phe Gln Leu Asn His Thr Ala Leu Leu Leu Leu Pro Cys Gly Leu Leu Ala Cys His Asn Phe Leu Gln Asn Phe Thr Ala Ala Val Pro Pro His His Cys Arg Gly Pro Ala Asn His Thr Glu Ala Ser Thr Asn Asp Ser Gly Ala Trp Leu Arg Ala Thr Ile Pro Leu Asp Gln Leu Gly Ala Pro Glu Pro Cys Arg Arg Phe Thr Lys Pro Gln Trp Ala Leu Leu Ser Pro Asn Ser Ser Ile Pro Gly Ala Ala Thr Glu Gly Cys Lys Asp Gly Trp Val Tyr Asn Arg Ser Val Phe Pro Ser Thr Ile Val Met Glu Gln Trp Asp Leu Val Cys Glu Ala Arg Thr Leu Arg Asp Leu Ala Gln Ser Val Tyr Ile Ala Gly Val Leu Val Gly Ala Ala Val Phe Gly Ser Leu Ala Asp Arg Leu .Gly Cys Lys Gly Pro Leu Val Trp Ser Tyr Leu Gln Leu Ala Ala Ser Gly Ala Ala Thr Ala Tyr Phe Ser Ser Phe Ser Ala Tyr Cys Val Phe Arg Phe Leu Met Gly Met Thr Phe Ser Gly Ile Ile Leu Asn Ser Val Ser Leu Val Glu Trp Met Pro Thr Arg Gly Arg Thr Val Ala Gly Ile Leu Leu Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Leu Gly Gln Leu Ile Leu Ala Gly Val Ala Tyr Leu Ile Arg Pro Trp Arg Cys Leu Gln Phe Ala IIe Ser Ala Pro Phe Leu Tle Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Trp Trp Leu Pro Glu Ser Ser Arg Trp Leu Leu Leu His Gly Lys Ser Gln Leu Ala Val Gln Asn Leu Gln Lys Val Ala Ala Met Asn Gly Arg Lys Gln Glu Gly Glu Arg Leu Thr Lys Glu Val Met Ser Ser Tyr Ile Gln Ser Glu Phe Ala Ser Val Cys Thr Ser Asn Ser Ile Leu Asp Leu Phe Arg Thr Pro Ala Ile Arg Lys Val Thr Cys Cys Pro Ala Leu Arg Phe Ser Asn Ser Val Ala Tyr Tyr Gly Leu Ala Met Asp Leu Gln Lys Phe Gly Leu Ser Leu Tyr Leu Val Gln Ala Leu Phe Gly Ile Ile Asn Ile Pro Ala Met Leu Val Ala Thr Ala Thr Met Ile Tyr Val Gly Arg Arg Ala Thr Val Ala Ser Phe Leu Ile Leu Ala Gly Leu Met Val Ile Ala Asn Met Phe Val Pro Glu Gly Thr Gln Ile Leu Cys Thr Ala Gln Ala Ala Leu Gly Lys Gly Cys Leu Ala Ser Ser Phe Ile Cys Val Tyr Leu Phe Thr Gly Glu Leu Tyr Pro Thr Glu Ile Arg Gln Met Gly Met Gly Phe Ala Ser Val His Ala Arg Leu Gly Gly Leu Thr Ala Pro Leu Val Thr Thr Leu Gly Glu Tyr Ser Thr Ile Leu Pro Pro Val Ser Phe Gly Ala Thr Ala Ile Leu Ala Gly Leu Ala Val Cys Phe Leu Thr Glu Thr Arg Asn Met Pro Leu Val Glu Thr Ile Ala Ala Met Glu Arg Arg Val Lys Glu Gly Ser Ser Lys Lys His Val Glu Glu Lys Ser Glu Glu Ile Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Arg Ala Ser Pro Leu Lys Glu Thr Ile <210> 8 <211> 549 <212> PRT
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7473422CD1 <400> 8 Met Val Ser Asp Arg Gly Leu Lys Pro Phe Glu Asp Leu Arg Pro Pro Lys Ile Ser Pro Ala Asp Leu Gly Asn Ala Glu Glu Ala Ile Glu Leu Glu Arg Glu Pro Ala Pro Val Arg Phe Val Pro Arg Arg Lys Arg Pro Ser Ile Trp Val Val Leu Pro Val Leu Phe Leu Val 50 ~ 55 60 Ala Met Ser Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Tyr Val Ala Ile Lys Ala Trp Glu Ala Gly Trp Arg Glu Ala Leu His Leu Leu Trp Arg Pro Phe Val Trp Gly Leu Met Arg Asn Thr Leu Met Leu Met Val Gly Val Thr Leu Ala Cys Met Val Val Gly Leu Ala Leu Ala Trp Leu Leu Glu Arg Ser Asn Leu Ala Gly Arg Arg Leu Trp Gly Val Val Leu Cys Leu Pro Phe Ala Val Pro Ser Phe Val Ser Ser Phe Thr Trp Val Ser Leu Ser Ser Asp Phe Glu Gly Leu Gly Gly Ala Ile Leu Val Met Ala Leu Ser Lys Tyr Pro Leu Val Phe Leu Pro Val Ala Ala Thr Leu Arg Asn Leu Asp Thr Ser Leu Glu Glu Ser Ala Arg Thr Leu Gly Cys Ser Arg Trp Gly Val Phe Ile Lys Val Thr Leu Pro Leu Leu Trp Pro Ser Met Leu Gly Gly Ala Leu Leu Ile Ala Leu His Met Leu Val Glu Phe Gly Ala Leu Ser Ile Leu Gly Leu Gln Thr Phe Thr Thr Ala Ile Tyr Gln Gln Phe Glu Leu Glu Phe Ser Asn Ala Asn Ala Ala Met Leu Ser Ala Val Leu Leu Ala Met Cys Leu Val Met Leu Trp Leu Glu Leu Arg Val Arg Gly Lys Ala Arg His Val Arg Ile Gly Gln Gly Val Ala Arg Arg Ala Gln Pro 2g0 295 300 Val Arg Leu Arg Gly Trp Ala Val Pro Ala Gln Leu Leu Cys Val Ala Leu Ala Val Leu Gly Ser Gly Ile Pro Leu Ala Met Leu Gly Tyr Trp Leu Ser Val Gly Ser Ser Ala Ala Phe Pro Val Gly Ala Ile Ser Lys Ala Leu Phe Thr Ser Leu Ser Val Ser Leu Gly Gly Ala Gly Phe Cys Val Leu Leu Ala Leu Pro Ile Ser Phe Leu Val Val Arg Tyr Lys Gly Arg Leu Ala Ile Trp Ala Glu Arg Leu Pro Tyr Leu Leu His Ala Leu Pro Gly Leu Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Leu Val Phe Phe Ala Leu His Tyr Val Pro Ala Leu Tyr Gln Thr Thr Ala Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Tyr Ala Leu Leu Phe Leu Pro Leu Ala Gln Ser Pro Val Arg Thr Ala Leu Asn Lys Ala Ser Pro Thr Leu Glu Glu Ala Ala Arg Thr Leu Gly Ala Ser Ser Phe Thr Ala Phe Cys Arg Val Thr Leu Pro Ile Ile Phe Pro Ala Met Ala Ala Ala Phe Ala Leu Val Phe Leu Asp Ala Met Lys Glu Leu Thr Ala Thr Leu Leu Leu Ser Pro Thr Gly Met Thr Thr Leu Ala Thr Glu Val Trp Ala His Thr Ala Asn Val Glu Phe Ala Ala Ala Ala Pro Tyr Ala Ala Leu Leu Ile Val Val Ser Gly Leu Pro Val Tyr Leu Leu Thr Thr Arg Met Tyr Leu Asn Lys Ala <210> 9 <211> 634 <212> PRT
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 2864715CD1 <400> 9 Met Val Arg Leu Val Leu Pro Asn Pro Gly Leu Asp Ala Arg Ile Pro Ser Leu Ala Glu Leu Glu Thr Ile Glu Gln Glu Glu Ala Ser Ser Arg Pro Lys Trp Asp Asn Lys Ala Gln Tyr Met Leu Thr Cys Leu Gly Phe Cys Val Gly Leu Gly Asn Val Trp Arg Phe Pro Tyr Leu Cys Gln Ser His Gly Gly Gly Ala Phe Met Ile Pro Phe Leu Ile Leu Leu Val Leu Glu Glyy Ile Pro Leu Leu Tyr Leu Glu Phe Ala Ile Gly Gln Arg Leu Arg Arg Gly Ser Leu Gly Val Trp Ser Ser Ile His Pro Ala Leu Lys Gly Leu Gly Leu Ala Ser Met Leu Thr Ser Phe Met Val Gly Leu Tyr Tyr Asn Thr Ile Ile Ser Trp Ile Met Trp Tyr Leu Phe Asn Ser Phe Gln Glu Pro Leu Pro Trp Ser Asp Trp Pro Leu Asn Glu Asn Gln Thr Gly Tyr Val Asp Glu Cys Ala Arg Ser Ser Pro Val Asp Tyr Phe Trp Tyr Arg Glu Thr Leu Asn Ile Ser Thr Ser Ile Ser Asp Ser Gly Ser Ile Gln Trp Trp Met Leu Leu Cys Leu Ala Cys Ala Trp Ser Val Leu Tyr Met Cys Thr Ile Arg Gly Ile Glu Thr Thr Gly Lys Ala Val Tyr Ile Thr Ser Thr Leu Pro Tyr Val Val Leu Thr Ile Phe Leu Ile Arg Gly Leu Thr Leu Lys Gly Ala Thr Asn Gly Ile Val Phe Leu Phe Thr Pro Asn Val Thr Glu Leu Ala Gln Pro Asp Thr Trp Leu Asp Ala Gly Ala Gln Val Phe Phe Ser Phe Ser Leu Ala Phe Gly Gly Leu Ile Ser Phe Ser Ser Tyr Asn Ser Val His Asn Asn Cys Glu-Lys Asp Ser Val Ile Val Ser Ile Ile Asn Gly Phe Thr Ser Val Tyr Val Ala Ile Val Val Tyr Ser Val Ile Gly Phe Arg Ala Thr Gln Arg Tyr Asp Asp Cys Phe Ser Thr Asn Ile Leu Thr Leu Ile Asn Gly Phe Asp Leu Pro Glu Gly Asn Val Thr Gln Glu Asn Phe Val Asp Met Gln Gln Arg Cys Asn Ala Ser Asp Pro Ala Ala Tyr Ala Gln Leu Val Phe Gln Thr Cys Asp Ile Asn Ala Phe Leu Ser Glu Ala Val Glu Gly Thr Gly Leu Ala Phe Ile Val Phe Thr Glu Ala Ile Thr Lys Met Pro Leu Ser Pro Leu Trp Ser Val Leu Phe Phe Ile Met Leu Phe Cys Leu Gly Leu Ser Ser Met Phe Gly Asn Met Glu Gly Val Val Val Pro Leu Gln Asp Leu Arg Val Ile Pro Pro Lys Trp Pro Lys Glu Val Leu Thr Gly Leu Ile Cys Leu Gly Thr Phe Leu Ile Gly Phe Ile Phe Thr Leu Asn Ser Gly Gln Tyr Trp Leu Ser Leu Leu Asp Ser Tyr Ala Gly Ser Ile Pro Leu Leu Ile Ile Ala Phe Cys Glu Met Phe Ser Val Val Tyr Val Tyr Gly Val Asp Arg Phe Asn Lys Asp Ile Glu Phe Met Ile Gly His Lys Pro Asn Ile Phe Trp Gln Val Thr Trp Arg Val Val Ser Pro Leu Leu Met Leu Ile Ile Phe Leu Phe Phe Phe Val Val Glu Val Ser Gln Glu Leu Thr Tyr Ser Ile Trp Asp Pro Gly Tyr Glu Glu Phe Pro Lys Ser Gln Lys Ile Ser Tyr Pro Asn Trp Val Tyr Val Val Val Val Ile Val Ala Gly Val Pro Ser Leu Thr Ile Pro Gly Tyr Ala Ile Tyr Lys Leu Ile Arg Asn His Cys Gln Lys Pro Gly Asp His Gln Gly Leu Val Ser Thr Leu Ser Thr Ala Ser Met Asn Gly Asp Leu Lys Tyr <310> 10 <311> 491 <312> PRT
<213> Homo sapiens <320>
<221> misc_feature <323> Incyte ID No: 1734724CD1 <400> 10 Met Asp Gly Asn Asp Asn Val Thr Leu Leu Phe Ala Pro Leu Leu Arg Asp Asn Tyr Thr Leu Ala Pro Asn Ala Ser Ser Leu Gly Pro Gly Thr Asn Leu Ala Leu Ala Pro Ala Ser Ser Ala Gly Pro Gly Pro Gly Leu Ser Leu Gly Pro Val Pro Ser Phe Gly Phe Ser Pro Gly Pro Thr Pro Thr Pro Glu Pro Thr Thr Ser Gly Leu Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Ser His Gly Pro Ser Pro Val Pro Ser Ala Leu Gly Ala Pro Arg Ala Pro Val Leu Gly His Ala Ala Glu Pro Arg Ala Glu Arg Val Arg Gly Arg Arg Leu Cys Ile Thr Met Leu Gly Leu Gly Cys Thr Val Asp Val Asn His Phe Gly Ala His Val Arg Arg Pro Val Ala Ala Leu Leu Ala Ala Leu Pro Val Arg Pro Pro Ala Ala Ala Gly Leu Pro Ala Gly Pro Arg Leu Gln Ala Gly Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Gly Leu Leu Leu Cys Gly Cys Cys Pro Gly Gly Asn Leu Ser Asn Leu Met Ser Leu Leu Val Asp Gly Asp Met Asn Leu Arg Arg Ala Ala Leu Leu Ala Leu Ser Ser Asp Val Gly Ser Ala Gln Thr Ser Thr Pro Gly Leu Ala Val Ser Pro Phe His Leu Tyr Ser Thr Tyr Lys Lys Lys Val Ser Trp Leu Phe Asp Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Ile Ser Ala His Ser Leu Phe Cys Ser Ile Ile Met Thr Ile Ser Ser Thr Leu Leu Ala Leu Val Leu Met Pro Leu Cys Leu Trp Ile Tyr Ser Trp Ala Trp Ile Asn Thr Pro Ile Val Gln Leu Leu Pro Leu Gly Thr Val Thr Leu Thr Leu Cys Ser Thr Leu Ile Pro Ile Gly Leu Gly Val Phe Ile Arg Tyr Lys Tyr Ser Arg Val Ala Asp Tyr Ile Val Lys Val Ser Leu Trp Ser Leu Leu Val Thr Leu Val Val Leu Phe Ile Met Thr Gly Thr Met Leu Gly Pro Glu Leu Leu Ala Ser Ile Pro Ala Ala Val Tyr Val Ile Ala Ile Phe Met Pro Leu Ala Gly Tyr Ala Ser Gly Tyr Gly Leu Ala Thr Leu Phe His Leu Pro Pro Asn Cys Lys Arg Thr Val Cys Leu Glu Thr Gly Ser Gln Asn Val Gln Leu Cys Thr Ala Ile Leu Lys Leu Ala Phe Pro Pro Gln Phe Tle Gly Ser Met Tyr Met Phe Pro Leu Leu Tyr Ala Leu Phe Gln Ser Ala Glu Ala Gly Ile Phe Val Leu Ile Tyr Lys Met Tyr Gly Ser Glu Met Leu His Lys Arg Asp Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp Glu Asp Thr Asp Ile Ser Tyr Lys Lys Leu Lys Glu Glu Glu Met Ala Asp Thr Ser Tyr Gly Thr Val Lys Ala Glu Asn Ile Ile Met Met Glu Thr Ala Gln Thr Ser Leu <2l0> 11 <211> 525 <212> PRT
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 1563237CD1 <400> 11 Met Pro Ala Pro Arg Ala Arg Glu Gln Pro Arg Val Pro Gly Glu Arg Gln Pro Leu Leu Pro Arg Gly Ala Arg Gly Pro Arg Arg Trp Arg Arg Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Val Leu Leu Val Glu Met Leu Glu Arg Ala Ala Phe Phe Gly Val Thr Ala Asn Leu Val Leu Tyr Leu Asn Ser Thr Asn Phe Asn Trp Thr Gly Glu Gln Ala Thr Arg Ala Ala Leu Val Phe Leu Gly Ala Ser Tyr Leu Leu Ala Pro Val Gly Gly Trp Leu Ala Asp Val Tyr Leu Gly Arg Tyr Arg Ala Val Ala Leu Ser Leu Leu Leu Tyr Leu Ala Ala Ser Gly Leu Leu Pro Ala Thr Ala Phe Pro Asp Gly Arg Ser Ser Phe Cys Gly Glu Met Pro Ala Ser Pro Leu Gly Pro Ala Cys Pro Ser Ala Gly Cys Pro Arg 140 ~ 145 150 Ser Ser Pro Ser Pro Tyr Cys Ala Pro Val Leu Tyr Ala Gly Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu Ala Ala Ser Ser Val Arg Ser Asn Leu Thr Ser Phe Gly Ala Asp Gln Val Met Asp Leu Gly Arg Asp Ala Thr Arg Arg Phe Phe Asn Trp Phe Tyr Trp Ser Ile Asn Leu Gly Ala Val Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Val Ala Phe Ile Gln Gln Asn Ile Ser Phe Leu Leu Gly Tyr Ser Ile Pro Val Gly Cys Val Gly Leu Ala Phe Phe Ile Phe Leu Phe Ala Thr Pro Val Phe Ile Thr Lys Pro Pro Met Gly Ser Gln Val Ser Ser Met Leu Lys Leu Ala Leu Gln Asn Cys Cys Pro Gln Leu Trp Gln Arg His Ser Ala Arg Asp Arg Gln Cys Ala Arg Val Leu Ala Asp Glu Arg Ser Pro Gln Pro Gly Ala Ser Pro Gln Glu Asp Ile Ala Asn Phe Gln Val Leu Val Lys Ile Leu Pro Val Met Val Thr Leu Val Pro Tyr Trp Met Val Tyr 320 3~5 330 Phe Gln Met Gln Ser Thr Tyr Val Leu Gln Gly Leu His Leu His Ile Pro Asn Ile Phe Pro Ala Asn Pro Ala Asn Ile Ser Val Ala Leu Arg Ala Gln Gly Ser Ser Tyr Thr Glu Ser Trp Arg Trp Ser Ala Leu His Tyr Ile His His Asn Glu Thr Val Ser Gln Gln Ile Gly Glu Val Leu Tyr Asn Ala Ala Pro Leu Ser Ile Trp Trp Gln Ile Pro Gln Tyr Leu Leu Ile Gly Ile Ser Glu Ile Phe Ala Ser 410 415 4~0 Ile Pro Gly Leu Glu Phe Ala Tyr Ser Glu Ala Pro Arg Ser Met Gln Gly Ala Ile Met Gly Ile Phe Phe Cys Leu Ser Gly Val Gly Ser Leu Leu Gly Ser Ser Leu Val Ala Leu Leu Ser Leu Pro Gly Gly Trp Leu His Cys Pro Lys Asp Phe Gly Asn Ile Asn Asn Cys Arg Met Asp Leu Tyr Phe Phe Leu Leu Ala Gly Ile Gln Ala Val Thr Ala Leu Leu Phe Val Trp Ile Ala Gly Arg Tyr Glu Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Pro Ala Ser His Ser Arg Phe Ser Arg Asp Arg Gly <210> 13 <211> 1310 <212> PRT
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7473443CD1 <400> 12 Met Gly Lys Lys Gln Cys Lys Lys Ala Lys Asn Ser Lys Asn Gln Asn Ala Ser Ser Pro Pro Lys Asp His Asn Ser Ser Pro Ala Gly Glu Gln Asn Trp Met Glu Asn Glu Leu Thr Glu Ala Gly Phe Arg Arg Trp Val Val Ile Asn Ser Cys Lys Leu Lys Glu His Val Leu Thr Gln Cys Lys Glu Ala Lys Asn Leu Glu Lys Arg Leu Gly Glu Leu Leu Thr Arg Ile Thr Ser Leu Glu Lys Asn Ile Asn Asp Leu Met Glu Leu Lys Asn Thr Ala Arg Glu Leu Arg Asp Ala Tyr Tle Sex Ile Ser Ser Arg Ile Asp Gln Ala Glu Lys Arg Ile Ser G1u Ile Glu Asp Gln Leu Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Glu Asp Lys Ile Arg Glu Lys Asn Glu Lys Asp Glu Gln Gly Leu Gln Glu Ile Trp Asp Tyr Val Lys Arg Pro Asn Leu His Leu Ile Gly Val Pro Gly Leu Leu Tyr Ser Asp Met Cys Arg Leu Leu Pro Ser Pro Arg Asn Gln Pro Ala Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Arg Gly Val Ile Leu Glu Val Lys Cys Val Val Cys Ser Thr Gln Ala Gly Ala Ala Arg Arg Gly Val Lys Ile Ser Ile Lys Gly Lys Gly Phe Ser Val Val Ser Val Val Gly Thr Leu Gln Trp Leu Leu Trp Ala Arg Ala Ala His Ala Pro His Trp Arg Phe Leu Arg Trp Met Ala Ala Leu Trp Asp Val Pro Gly Lys Thr Gly Pro Ser Pro Ile Ser Leu Thr Gly Gln Arg Gly Asn Arg Gly Pro Glu Ser Ser Ser Ile Leu Arg Gly Val Pro Lys Asp Phe Ser Thr Gly Thr Ser Ala Gln Leu Arg Arg Ala Met Gly Leu Ala Pro Glu Gly Gly Gly Phe Gln Ala Phe Phe Pro Arg Pro Thr Met Pro Ala Thr Pro Asn Phe Leu Ala Asn Pro Ser Ser Ser Ser Arg Trp Ile Pro Leu Gln Pro Met Pro Val Ala Trp Ala Phe Val Gln Lys Thr Ser Ala Leu Leu Trp Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Thr Ser Leu Ser Pro Ala Trp Gly Gln Ala Lys Ile Pro Leu Glu Thr Val Lys Leu Trp Ala Asp Thr Phe Gly Gly Asp Leu Tyr Asn Thr Val Thr Lys Tyr Ser Gly Ser Leu Leu Leu Gln Lys Lys Tyr Lys Asp Val Glu Ser Ser Leu Lys Ile G1u Glu Val Asp Gly Leu Glu Leu Val Arg Lys Phe Ser Glu Asp Met Glu Asn Met Leu Arg Arg Lys Val Glu Ala Val Gln Asn Leu Val Glu Ala Ala Glu Glu Ala Asp Leu Asn His Glu Phe Asn Glu Ser Leu Val Glu Pro Gly Val Gly Val Gly Val Gly Met Ser Val Thr Gln Ser Gly Val Gly Val Gly Val Gly Met Ser Val Thr Gln Ser Gly Val Gly Val Gly Val Gly Met Ser Ile Thr Leu Ser Gly Val Gly Val Gly Val Gly Met Ser Val Arg Gln Ser Gly Val Gly Val Gly Val Gly Met Ser Val Thr Gln Ser Gly Val Gly Val Gly Val Gly Met Ser Val Thr Gln Ser Gly Val Gly Val Gly Val Gly Met Ser Val Arg Gln Ser Gly Val Gly Val Gly Val Gly Met Ser Val Thr Gln Ser Trp Gly Val Phe Ser Ala Gln Arg Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Cys Val Asp Ser Asp Gly Arg Pro Ala Pro Ala Leu Ser Ser Ser His Leu Arg Arg Phe Ser Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Cys Pro Gly Ala Arg Ala Ala Ser Val Gly Leu Thr Arg Pro Pro Gln Phe Asp Tyr Tyr Asn Ser Val Leu Ile Asn Glu Arg Asp Glu Lys Gly Asn Phe Val Glu Leu Gly Ala Glu Phe Leu Leu Glu Ser Asn Ala His Phe Ser Asn Leu Pro Val Asn Thr Ser Ile Ser Ser Val Gln Leu Pro Thr Asn Val Tyr Asn Lys Asp Pro Asp Ile Leu Asn Gly Val Tyr Met Ser Glu Ala Leu Asn Ala Val Phe Val Glu Asn Phe Gln Arg Asp Pro Thr Leu Thr Trp Gln Tyr Phe Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Phe Phe Arg Ile Tyr Pro Gly Ile Lys Trp Thr Pro Asp Glu Asn Gly Val Ile Thr Phe Asp Cys Arg Asn Arg Gly Trp Tyr Ile Gln Ala Ala Thr Ser Pro Lys Asp Ile Val Ile Leu Val Asp Val Ser Gly Ser Met Lys Gly Leu Arg Met Thr Ile Ala Lys His Thr Ile Thr Thr Ile Leu Asp Thr Leu Gly Glu Asn Asp Phe Ile Asn Ile Ile Ala Tyr Asn Asp Tyr Val His Tyr Ile Glu Pro Cys Phe Lys Gly Ile Leu Val Gln Ala Asp Arg Asp Asn Arg Glu His Phe Lys Leu Leu Val Glu Glu Leu Met Val Lys Gly Val Gly Val Val Asp Gln Ala Leu Arg Glu Ala Phe Gln Ile Leu Lys Gln Phe Gln Glu Ala Lys Gln Gly Ser Leu Cys Asn Gln Ala Ile Met Leu Ile Ser Asp Gly Ala Val Glu Asp Tyr Glu Pro Val Phe Glu Lys Tyr Asn Trp Pro Asp Cys Lys Val Arg Val Phe Thr Tyr Leu Ile Gly Arg Glu Val Ser Phe Ala Asp Arg Met Lys Trp Ile Ala Cys Asn Asn Lys Gly Tyr Tyr Thr Gln Ile Ser Thr Leu Ala Asp Thr Gln Glu Asn Val Met Glu Tyr Leu His Val Leu Ser Arg Pro Met Val Ile Asn His Asp His Asp Ile Ile Trp Thr Glu Ala Tyr Met Asp Ser Lys Leu Leu Ser Ser Gln Ala Gln Ser Leu Thr Leu Leu Thr Thr Val Ala Met Pro Val Phe Ser Lys Lys Asn Glu Thr Arg Ser His Gly Ile Leu Leu Gly Val Val Gly Ser Asp Val Ala Leu Arg Glu Leu Met Lys Leu Ala Pro Arg Tyr Lys Leu Gly Val His Gly Tyr Ala Phe Leu Asn Thr Asn Asn Gly Tyr Ile Leu Ser His Pro Asp Leu Arg Pro Leu Tyr Arg Glu Gly Lys Lys Leu Lys Pro Lys Pro Asn Tyr Asn Ser Val Asp LeuSerGluVal Trp GluAspGln GluSer LeuArg Glu Ala Thr AlaMetIleAsri Glu ThrGlyThr SerMet AspVal Arg Leu Lys ValProMetAsp Gly LysArgVal PheLeu ThrAsn Lys Leu Asp TyrPhePheThr Ile SerAspThr PheSer LeuGly Asp Pro Val.

ValLeuSerArg His GlyGluTyr LeuLeu GlyAsn Gly Ile Thr SerValGluGlu Leu HisAspLeu HisPro AspLeu Gly Leu Ala LeuAlaGlyAsp Ile TyrCysIle AspIle AspPro Trp Thr Asp HisArgLysLeu Gln LeuGluAla TleArg PheLeu Ser Met Thr ArgLysAspPro Leu GluCysAsp GluLeu ValArg Asp Glu Glu ValLeuPheAsp Val ValThrAla MetGlu AlaTyr Ala Pro Trp ThrAlaLeuAla Asn MetSerGlu SerGlu HisVal Leu Glu Val AspMetAlaPhe Gly ThrArgAla LeuLeu ArgSer Leu Gly Ser LeuPheValGly Glu LysValSer ArgLys PheLeu Ser Asp Thr ProGluAspGlu Ser ValPheThr AspArg PhePro Ala Leu Leu TrpTyrArgGln Ser GluHisPro GlySer PheVal Ala Ala Phe AsnLeuArgTrp Glu GlyProGly ProSer AlaLys Ala Arg Glyy LeuProProPro Cys GlnThrIle LysArg ArgAsp Leu Leu Gly LysMetSerTrp Ser <210> 13 <211> 400 <212> PRT
<313> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7473438CD1 <400> 13 Met Asn Pro Gly Gln Ala Ser Gly Arg Arg Thr Gly Glu Arg Phe Phe Arg Pro Pro Pro Val Ala Ile Pro Ala Ser Arg Phe Pro Ala Val Ala Pro Pro Arg Pro Ser Gln Pro Cys Arg Val Gly Pro Gly Leu Glu Gly Ala Glu Arg Ala Val Arg Ala His Gly Ala Gly Trp Asp.Arg Gly Gly Tyr Arg Gly Arg Gly Ala Met Arg Arg Pro Ser Val Arg Ala Ala Gly Leu Val Leu Cys Thr Leu Cys Tyr Leu Leu Val Gly Ala Ala Val Phe Asp Ala Leu Glu Ser Glu Ala Glu Ser Gly Arg Gln Arg Leu Leu Val Gln Lys Arg Gly Ala Leu Arg Arg Lys Phe Gly Phe Ser Ala Glu Asp Tyr Arg Glu Leu Glu Arg Leu Ala Leu Gln Ala Glu Pro His Arg Ala Gly Arg Gln Trp Lys Phe Pro Gly Ser Phe Tyr Phe Ala Ile Thr Val Ile Thr Thr Ile Glu Tyr Gly His Ala Ala Pro Gly Thr Asp Ser Gly Lys Val Phe Cys Met Phe Tyr Ala Leu Leu Gly Ile Pro Leu Thr Leu Val Thr Phe Gln Ser Leu Gly Glu Arg Leu Asn Ala Val Val Arg Arg Leu Leu Leu Ala Ala Lys Cys Cys Leu Gly Leu Arg Trp Thr Cys Val Ser Thr Glu Asn Leu Val Val Ala Gly Leu Leu Ala Cys Ala Ala Thr Leu Ala Leu Gly Ala Val Ala Phe Ser His Phe Glu Gly Trp Thr Phe Phe His Ala Tyr Tyr Tyr Cys Phe Ile Thr Leu Thr Thr Ile Gly Phe Gly Asp Phe Val Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Glu Ala Leu Gln Arg Lys Leu Pro Tyr Val Ala Phe Ser Phe Leu Tyr Ile Leu Leu Gly Leu Thr Val Ile Gly Ala Phe Leu Asn Leu Val Val Leu Arg Phe Leu Val Ala Ser Ala Asp Trp Pro Glu Arg Ala Ala Arg Thr Pro Ser Pro Arg Pro Pro Gly Ala Pro Glu Ser Arg Gly Leu Trp Leu Pro Arg Arg Pro Ala Arg Ser Val Gly Ser Ala Ser Val Phe Cys His Val His Lys Leu Glu Arg Cys Ala Arg Asp Asn Leu Gly Phe Ser Pro Pro Ser Ser Pro Gly Val Val Arg Gly Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg Leu Gly Ala Arg Trp Lys Ser Ile <310> 14 <211> 260 <312> PRT
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7474286CD1 <400> 14 Met Met Trp Ser Asn Phe Phe Leu Gln Glu Glu Asn Arg Arg Arg Gly A1a Ala Gly Arg Arg Arg Ala His Gly Gln Gly Arg Ser Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Arg Glu Gly Lys Val Lys Leu Ala Leu Leu Leu Ala Ala Val Gly Ala Thr Leu Ala Val Leu Ser Val Gly Thr Glu Phe Trp Val Glu Leu Asn Thr Tyr Lys Ala Asn Gly Ser Ala Val Cys Glu Ala Ala His Leu Gly Leu Trp Lys Ala Cys Thr Lys Arg Leu Trp Gln Ala Asp Val Pro Val Asp Arg Asp Thr Cys Gly Pro Ala Glu Leu Pro Gly Glu Ala Asn Cys Thr Tyr Phe Lys Phe Phe Thr Thr Gly Glu Asn Ala Arg Ile Phe Gln Arg Thr Thr Lys Lys Glu Val Asn Leu Ala Ala Ala Val Ile Ala Val Leu Gly Leu Ala Val Met Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Cys Ile Ile Met Val Leu Ser Lys Gly Ala Glu Phe Leu Leu Arg Val Gly Ala VaI Cys Phe Gly Leu Ser Gly Leu Leu Leu Leu Val Ser Leu Glu Val Phe Arg His Ser Val Arg Ala Leu Leu Gln Arg Val Ser Pro Glu Pro Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Leu Thr Tyr Glu Tyr Ser Trp Ser Leu Gly Cys Gly Val Gly Ala Gly Leu Ile Leu Leu Leu Gly Ala Gly Cys Phe Leu Leu Leu Thr Leu Pro Ser Trp Pro Trp Gly Ser Leu Cys Pro Lys Arg Gly His Arg Ala Thr <210> 15 <211> 489 <212> PRT
<213> Homo Sapiens <2?0>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7472589CD1 <400> 15 Met Ser Ser Arg Ser Pro Arg Pro Pro Pro Arg Arg Ser Arg Arg Arg Leu Pro Arg Pro Ser Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Arg Arg Ser His Leu Asn Glu Asp Thr Gly Arg Phe Val Leu Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Gly Leu Tyr Leu Val Ala Gly Ala Thr Val Phe Ser Ala Leu Glu Ser Pro Gly Glu Ala Glu Ala Arg Ala Arg Trp Gly Ala Thr Leu Arg Asn Phe Ser Ala Ala His Gly Val Ala Glu Pro a~lu Leu Arg Ala Phe Leu Arg His Tyr Glu Ala Ala Leu Ala Ala Gly Val Arg Ala Asp Ala Leu Arg Pro Arg Trp Asp Phe Pro Gly Ala Phe Tyr Phe Val Gly Thr Val Val Ser Thr Ile Val Arg Glu Glu Ser Pro Pro Leu Ala Leu Thr Pro Gly Arg Leu Cys Ser Asn Thr Gly Arg Leu Cys Asp Leu Thr Phe Lys Ser Tyr Ile Asn Ile Ala Lys Glu Gln Glu His Pro Ala Ile Gln Gln Ser Phe Pro Arg Val Ser Thr Val Ser Ser Glu Asn Arg Lys Glu Gly Phe Gly Met Thr Thr Pro Ala Thr Val Gly Gly Lys Ala Phe Leu Ile Ala Tyr Gly Leu Phe Gly Cys AIa Gly Thr Ile Leu Phe Phe Asn Leu Phe Leu Glu Arg Ile Ile Ser Leu Leu Ala Phe Ile Met Arg Ala Cys Arg Glu Arg Gln Leu Arg Arg Ser Gly Leu Leu Pro Ala Thr Phe Arg Arg Gly Ser Ala Leu Ser Glu Ala Asp Ser Leu Ala Gly Trp Lys Pro 260 ~65 270 Ser Val Tyr His Val Leu Leu Ile Leu Gly Leu Phe Ala Val Leu Leu Ser Cys Cys Ala Ser Ala Met Tyr Thr Ser Val Glu Gly Trp Asp Tyr Val Asp Ser Leu Tyr Phe Cys Phe Val Thr Phe Ser Thr 305 310 3l5 Ile Gly Phe Gly Asp Leu Val Ser Ser Gln His Ala Ala Tyr Arg Asn Gln Gly Leu Tyr Arg Leu Gly Asn Phe Leu Phe Ile Leu Leu Gly Val Cys Cys Ile Tyr Ser Leu Phe Asn Val Ile Ser Ile Leu Ile Lys Gln Val Leu Asn Trp Met Leu Arg Lys Leu Ser Cys Arg Cys Cys Ala Arg Cys Cys Pro Ala Pro Gly Ala Pro Leu Ala Arg Arg Asn Ala Ile Thr Pro Gly Ser Arg Leu Arg Arg Arg Leu Ala Ala Leu Gly Ala Asp Pro Ala Ala Arg Asp Ser Asp Ala Glu Gly 410 415 4~0 Arg Arg Leu Ser Gly Glu Leu Ile Ser Met Arg Asp Leu Thr Ala Ser Asn Lys Val Ser Leu Ala Leu Leu Gln Lys Gln Leu Ser Glu Thr Ala Asn Gly Tyr Pro Arg Ser Val Cys Val Asn Thr Arg Gln Asn Gly Phe Ser Gly Gly Val Gly Ala Leu Gly Ile Met Asn Asn Arg Leu Ala Glu Thr Ser Ala Ser Arg <210> 16 <211> 1735 <212> DNA
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <323> Incyte ID No: 1784775CB1 <400> 16 atgtgcctcc ttgtcttccc ccttgtcccc aggagtccag attacatcct accctgcagt 60 cctggatggc gcctccgact tgcagcttcc ttcctgcttt ccgtcttccc gctgctagac 120 cttcttccag ttgctttgcc accaggggca ggcccaggac ccatagggct agaggtgttg 180 gcagggtgcg tggcagctgt ggcctggatc agccacagcc tggccctgtg ggtgttggca 340 cattcccctc atggccactc ccggggtccc ttggccttgg ccctggtagc cttgctgcca 300 gctccagccc tagtgctgac cgtgttgtgg cattgccagc gaggcacact tctgccccca 360 cttctcccag ggcccatggc ccgcctatgc ttgctcatcc tgcagctggc tgcactcttg 420 gcctatgcac tgggatgggc agctcctggg ggaccacgag aaccctgggc tcaggagccc 480 ctcctgcccg aggatcaaga acctgaggtg gctgaagatg gggagagttg gctgtcacgc 540 ttttcctatg cctggctggc acccttgctg gcccgtgggg cctgtggaga gctccggcag 600 cctcaggaca tttgccgcct cccccacaga ctgcagccaa cctacctggc tcgtgtcttc 660 caggcacact ggcaggaggg ggcacggctg tggagggcct tgtatggggc ctttggacgg 720 tgctatctgg cacttggact gctgaagctg gtggggacca tgttgggatt ctcagggccc 780 ctgttgctct ccctactggt gggcttcctg gaagaggggc aggagccact aagccacggc 840 ctgctctatg ctctggggct agccggtggg gctgtgctgg gtgctgtgct gcagaatcag 900 tatgggtatg aggtatataa ggtaacactt caggcacggg gggctgtgct gaacatcctg 960 tactgcaagg ctttacagct ggggcccagc cgccctccta ctggggaggc cctgaaccta 1020 ctaggcactg actctgaacg gctgcttaac tttgctggga gcttccatga agcctggggc 1080 ctgcccctgc aactggccat caccctctac ctgctgtacc agcaggtagg cgtggccttc 2140 gtgggtggtc tcatcttggc actgctgctg gtacccgtca acaaagtgat tgccacccgc 1200 atcatggcca gcaaccagga aatgctacag cacaaggatg cgcgggttaa gcttgtgaca 1260 gagctgctga gtggcattcg ggtcatcaag ttctgcgggt gggagcaggc actgggagcc 1320 cgagtagagg cctgccgggc tcgagagctg gggcgactcc gggtcatcaa atacctggat 1380 gcggcctgtg tatacctgtg ggctgcccta ccggttgtca tctccatcgt tatcttcatc 1440 acctatgtcc tcatggggca ccagctcact gccaccaagg tgaggaccag gaaggaaggg 1500 gaccagcatc aaggagactt cagcgaagtg aagacagagg cttgggccct cagtgctggc 1560 tgagaaggag ggagggatcc ctgactgcct catctctcaa ccaagggaaa actgaagaaa 1620 cctttttgtg ggggccttgg atatataacc ctcccctctg tgaaggagtt cctttctttc 1680 ctctcctcta cctttcactc cagcttctat tcagttccag gcttggggtt aggtc 1735 <210> 17 <211> 1041 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7473034CB1 <400> 17 atggttcaag catctgggca caggcggtcc acccgtggct ccaaaatggt ctcctggtcc 60 gtgatagcaa agatccagga aatatggtgc gaggaagatg agaggaagat ggtgcgagag 130 ttcttggccg agttcatgag cacatatgtc atgatggtat tcggccttgg ttctgtggcc 180 catatggttc taaataaaac atatgggagc taccttggtg tcaacttggg ttttggcttc 340 ggggtcacca tgggagtcca cgtggcaggc cgcatctctg gagcccacat gaatgcagct 300 gtgaccttca ctaactgtgc gctgggccgc gtgccctgga ggaagtttcc agtccatgtg 360 ctggggcagt tcctgggctc cttcctggca gctgccacca tctacagtct cttctacagc 420 gccattctcc acttttcggg tggagagctg atggtgaccg gtccctttgc tacagctggc 480 atttttgcca cctaccttcc tgatcacatg acattgtggc ggggcttcct gaatgaggag 540 tggctgacca ggatgctcca gctgtgtctc ttcaccatca cggaccagga gaacaaccca 600 gcactgccag gaacacacgc gctggtgata agcatcctcg tggtcatcat cagggtgtcc 660 catggcataa acacaggata tgccatcaat ccatcccggg acccgccccc cagcatcttc 720 accttcattg ctggctgggg caaacaggtc ttcagcgatg gggagaactg gtggtgggtg 780 ccagtggtgg caccacttct gggtgcctct ctaggtggca tcatctacct ggtcttcatt 840 ggctccacca tcccacggga gcccctgaaa ttggaggact ctgtggcgta tgaagaccac 900 gggataaccg tattgcccaa gatgggatct catgaaccca tgatctctcc cctcaccctc 960 atctccgtga gccttgccaa cagatcttca gtccactctg ccccaccctt acatgaatcc 1020 atggccctag agcacttcta a 1041 <210> 18 <211> 2367 <212> DNA
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 1878581CB1 <400> 18 ggacgcgctc cggggacgcg cgaggtcgcc gtggcgggag acgcgtttcc ggtggcggcg 60 gaggctgcac tgagcgggac ctgcgagcag cgcgggcggc agcccggggg aagcgtccgg 130 gaccatgtct ggagaactac caccaaacat taacatcaag gaacctcgat gggatcaaag 180 cactttcatt ggacgagcca atcatttctt cactgtaact gaccccagga acattctgtt 340 aaccaacgaa caactcgaga gtgcgagaaa aatagtacat gattacaggc agggaattgt 300 tcctcctggt cttacagaaa atgaattgtg gagagcaaag tacatctatg attcagcttt 360 tcatcctgac actggtgaga agatgatttt gataggaaga atgtcagccc aggttcccat 430 gaacatgacc atcacaggtt gtatgatgac gttttacagg actacgccgg ctgtgctgtt 480 ctggcagtgg attaaccagt ccttcaatgc cgtcgtcaat tacaccaaca gaagtggaga 540 cgcacccctc actgtcaatg agttgggaac agcttacgtt tctgcaacaa ctggtgccgt 600 agcaacagct ctaggactca atgcattgac caagcatgtc tcaccactga taggacgttt 660 tgttcccttt gctgccgtag ctgctgctaa ttgcattaat attccattaa tgaggcaaag 720 ggaactcaaa gttggcattc ccgtcacgga tgagaatggg aaccgcttgg gggagtcggc 780 gaacgctgcg aaacaagcca tcacgcaagt tgtcgtgtcc aggattctca tggcagcccc 840 tggcatggcc atccctccat tcattatgaa cactttggaa aagaaagcct ttttgaagag 900 gttcccatgg atgagtgcac ccattcaagt tgggttagtt ggcttctgtt tggtgtttgc 960 tacacccctg tgttgtgccc tgtttcctca gaaaagttcc atgtctgtga caagcttgga 1020 ggccgagttg caagctaaga tccaagagag ccatcctgaa ttgcgacgcg tgtacttcaa 1080 taagggattg taaagcaggg aggaaacctc tgcagctcat tctgccactg caaagctggt 1140 gtagccatgc tggtgagaaa aatcctgttc aacctgggtt ctcccagtta cggaaacctt 1200 ttaaagatcc acattagcct tttagaataa agctgctact ttaacagagc acctggcgtg 1260 ggccaagtgc ctgatactcc cttacactga atcatgttat gatttataga aatacctttc 1320 ctgtagcttt tatagtcatt gtttttcaaa gacgatatac cagccctcac ccaggtttta 1380 aaaaagcact ggtaggcata gaataggtgc tcagtatatg gtcagtaaat gttctattga 1440 ttatcaatca gtgaaaaaag aaatctgttt aaaatactga attttcatct cactcccatt 1500 gcaaatcaag gagatctcag cagtgaactg ggaaaataca aaagctctgg gctaatctat 1560 aaaaacttac cctgaaatat taagggcagt ttgcttctag tttggggatt gcgctagccc 1620 aatgaaggtg atgaagcttt tggatttgga gggtaaaagc tccttcacac cccttccaaa 1680 agtcagtcac agaccactgc aacatgcctt ccctgctgga tcattatata cattcagatt 1740 gtgagtggat tgccttggtt gacttttaat ttattgtttt ttgttcttat aaagatgata 1800 atcttacctt gcagttattg actttatatt caattattta catcaaataa tgaaataact 1860 gaaatgtaca aatgtcaaat tttggaagta tattcaatac caatgctgta tgagtgggct 1920 gaatccagtt cattgttttt tttttggtaa gaagtgagac tacagttcca gctacctaca 1980 tgtcttttct tgtcatcctt atagatctct ttggctttca gaaagataca gtgataatgt 2040 gtgtatgaat cagtcacaat gaattttact tgaatattgt atgttgcatt ccacttcatt 2100 tgaaaataat gaaaccatgt accactgttt acatcatctg tagtgatttc atagataata 2160 tatttaatat gacagattat gtttcaactc tgtagatgtt taacgtcata gacagttggc 2220 cctctgtatc cgtgagctct atatctgtga attcaaccaa gtttggatgg aaaatttttt 2280 tttttttttt tttttttgag acggagtctc gctctgtcac CCdggCtgga gtgcagtggc 2340 gtagtctcgg ctcactgcaa gctccgc 2367 <210> 19 <211> 3343 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 2246292CB1 <220>
<221> unsure <222> 57 <~., > a, t, c, g, or other ''~3 <400> 19 cttgcagcgg cgcacgcggg atgggaggcg gggaggagca gcgggaagag cggacgngcg 60 accgcgtccg gcgcagtctt caatgagcag cgcggaaact gcaccccaga cccgagcctg 120 ctgcgcgccc cctcccagag ctcacctggt gccaggtaac aggcctggcc tcgccctgtg 180 gatgatgatg gccttgcccc cgtgagctac aacctggcct tcagcacccg cccacctcca 240 accagcagga tgcggctgtg gaaggcggtg gtggtgactt tggccttcat gagtgtggac 300 atctgcgtga ccacggccat ctatgtcttc agccacctgg accgcagcct cctggaggac 360 atccgccact tcaacatctt tgactcggtg ctggatctct gggcagcctg cctgtaccgc 430 agctgcctgc tgctgggagc caccattggt gtggccaaga acagtgcgct ggggccccgg 480 cggctgcggg cctcgtggct ggtcatcagc ctcgtgtgcc tcttcgtggg catctatgcc 540 atggtgaagc tgctgctctt ctcagaggtg cgcaggccca tccgggaccc ctggttttgg 600 gccctgttcg tgtggacgta catttcactc ggcgcatcct tcctgctctg gtggctgctg 660 tccaccgtgc ggccaggcac ccaggccctg gagccagggg cggccaccga ggctgagggc 720 ttccctggga gcggccggcc accgcccgag caggcgtctg gggccacgct gcagaagctg 780 ctctcctaca ccaagcccga cgtggccttc ctcgtggccg cctccttctt cctcatcgtg 840 gcagctctgg gagagacctt cctgccctac tacacgggcc gcgccattga tggcatcgtc 900 atccagaaaa gcatggatca gttcagcacg gctgtcgtca tcgtgtgcct gctggccatt 960 ggcagctcat ttgccgcagg tattcggggc ggcattttta ccctcatatt tgccagactg 1020 ?4/34 aacattcgcc ttcgaaactg tctcttccgc tcactggtgt cccaggagac aagcttcttt 1080 gatgagaacc gcacagggga cctcatctcc cgcctgacct cggacaccac catggtcagc 1140 gacctggtct cccagaacat caatgtcttc ctgcggaaca cagtcaaggt cacgggcgtg 1200 gtggtcttca tgttcagcct ctcatggcag ctctccttgg tcaccttcat gggcttcccc 1360 atcatcatga tggtgtccaa catctacggc aagtactaca agaggctctc caaagaggtc 1320 cagaatgccc tggccagagc gagcaacacg gcggaggaga ccatcagtgc catgaagact 1380 gtccggagct tcgccaatga ggaggaggag gcagaggtgt acctgcggaa gctgcagcag 1440 gtgtacaagc tgaacaggaa ggaggcagct gcctacatgt actacgtctg gggcagcggg 1500 tccgtgggct ccgtctacag tggcctgatg cagggagtgg gggctgctga gaaggtgttc 1560 gagttcatcg accggcagcc gaccatggtg cacgatggca gcttggcccc cgaccacctg 1620 gagggccggg tggactttga gaatgtgacc ttcacctacc gcactcggcc ccacacccag 1680 gtcctgcaga atgtctcctt cagcctgtcc cccggcaagg tgacggccct ggtggggccc 1740 tcgggcagtg ggaagagctc ctgtgtcaac atcctggaga acttctaccc cctggagggg 1800 ggccgggtgc tgctggacgg caagcccatc agcgcctacg accacaagta cttgcaccgt 1860 gtgatctccc tggtgagcca ggagcccgtg ctgttcgccc gctccatcac ggataacatc 1920 tcctacggcc tgcccactgt gcctttcgag atggtggtgg aggccgcaca gaaggccaat 1980 gcccacggct tcatcatgga actccaggac ggctacagca cagagacagg ggagaagggc 2040 gcccagctgt caggtggcca gaagcagcgg gtggccatgg cccgggctct ggtgcggaac 2100 cccccagtcc tcatcctgga tgaagccacc agcgctttgg atgccgagag cgagtatctg 2160 atccagcagg ccatccatgg caacctgcag aagcacacgg tactcatcat cgcgcaccgg 2330 ctgagcaccg tggagcacgc gcacctcatt gtggtgctgg acaagggccg cgtagtgcag 3380 cagggcaccc accagcagct gctggcccag ggcggcctct acgccaagct ggtgcagcgg 3340 cagatgctgg ggcttcagcc cgccgcagac ttcacagctg gccacaacga gcctgtagcc 3400 aacggcagtc acaaggcctg atggggggcc cctgcttctc ccggtggggc agaggacccg 2460 gtgcctgcct ggcagatgtg cccacggagg cccccagctg ccctccgagc ccaggcctgc 2520 agcactgaaa gacgacctgc catgtcccat. ggatcaccgc ttcctgcatc ttgcccctgg 2580 tccctgcccc attcccaggg cactccttac ccctgctgcc ctgagccaac gccttcacgg 2640 acctccctag cctcctaagc aaaggtagag ctgccttttt aaacctaggt cttaccaggg 2700 tttttactgt ttggtttgag gcaccccagt caactcctag atttcaaaaa cctttttcta 2760 attgggagta atggcgggca ctttcaccaa gatgttctag aaacttctga gccaggagtg 2820 aatggccctt ccttagtagc ctgggggatg tccagagact aggcctctcc cctttacccc 3880 tccagagaag gggcttccct gtcccggagg gagacacggg gaacgggatt ttccgtctct 2940 ccctcttgcc agctctgtga gtctggccag ggcgggtagg gagcgtggag ggcatctgtc 3000 tgccatcgcc cgctgccaat ctaagccagt ctcactgtga accacacgaa acctcaactg 3060 ggggagtgag gggctggcca ggtctggagg ggcctcaggg gtgcccccag cccggcaccc 3120 agcgctttcg cccctcgtcc acccacccct ggctggcagc ctccctcccc acacccgccc 3180 ctgtgctctg ctgtctggag gccacgtgga tgttcatgag atgcattctc ttctgtcttt 3240 ggtggatggg atggtggcaa agcccaggat ctggctttgc cagaggttgc aacatgttga 3300 gagaacccgg tcaataaagt gtactacctc ttacccctaa aaa 3343 <210> 20 <211> 3517 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 5151730CB1 <400> 30 cccgaccgcg ctgggctggg ctgggctggg ctggggcggg cgcagggcgc aggggcgggc 60 gcgcggggga agacgcacgg gcgggctcgg ctctcccggg gagcggcccg ggactgcacc 130 gggaccagcg cctccccgct tCgCCJCtgCC CtCggCCtCg ccccgggccc gggtggatga 180 gccgcgcgcc cgggggacat ggaagcgctg acgctgtggc ttctcccctg gatatgccag 240 tgcgtgtcgg tgcgggccga ctccatcatc cacatcggtg ccatcttcga ggagaacgcg 300 gccaaggacg acagggtgtt ccagttggcg gtatccgacc tgagcctcaa cgatgacatc 360 ctgcagagcg agaagatcac ctactccatc aaggtcatcg aggccaacaa cccattccag 430 gctgtgcagg aagcctgtga cctcatgacc caggggattt tggccttggt cacgtccact 480 ggctgtgcat ctgccaatgc cctgcagtcc ctcacggatg ccatgcacat cccacacctc 540 tttgtccagc gcaacccggg agggtcgcca cgcaccgcat gccacctgaa ccccagcccc 600 gatggtgagg cctacacact ggcttcgaga ccacccgtcc gcctcaatga tgtcatgctc 660 aggctggtga cggagctgcg ctggcagaag ttcgtcatgt tctacgacag cgagtatgat 720 atccgtgggc ttcaaagctt tctggaccag gcctcgcggc tgggccttga cgtctcttta 780 caaaaggtgg acaagaacat tagccacgta ttcaccagcc tcttcaccac gatgaagaca 840 gaggagctga atcgctaccg ggacacgctt cgccgcgcca tcctgctgct cagcccacag 900 ggagcccact ccttcatcaa cgaggccgtg gagaccaacc tggcttccaa ggacagccac 960 tgggtctttg tgaatgagga aatcagtgac ccggagatcc tggatctggt ccatagtgcc 1020 cttggaagga tgaccgtggt ccggcaaatc tttccgtctg caaaggacaa tcagaaatgc 1080 acgaggaaca accaccgcat ctcctccctg ctctgcgacc cccaggaagg ctacctccag 1140 atgctgcaga tctccaacct ctatctgtat gacagtgttc tgatgctggc caacgccttt 1200 cacaggaagc tggaggaccg gaagtggcat agcatggcga gcctcaactg catacggaaa,1360 tccactaagc catggaatgg tgggaggtcc atgctggata ccatcaaaaa gggccacatc 1320 actggcctca ctggggtgat ggagtttcgg gaggacagtt cgaatcccta tgtccagttt 1380 gaaatccttg gcactaccta tagtgagact tttggcaaag acatgcgcaa gttggcgaca 1440 tgggactcag agaagggctt gaatggcagc ttgcaagaga ggcccatggg cagccgcctc 1500 caaggattga ctcttaaagt ggtgactgtc ttggaagagc ctttcgtgat ggtggctgag 1560 aacatcctag gacagcccaa gcgctacaaa gggttctcca tagatgtcct ggatgcactg 1620 gccaaggctc tgggctttaa atatgagatt taccaagccc ctgatggcag gtacggtcac 1680 cagctccata acacctcctg gaacgggatg atcggggagc tcatcagcaa gagagcagac 1740 ttggccatct ctgccatcac catcacccca gagagggaga gcgttgtgga cttcagcaag 1800 cggtacatgg actattcagt ggggattcta attaagaagc ccgaggagaa aatcagcatc 1860 ttctccctct ttgctccatt tgatttcgct gtgtgggcct gcattgcagc agccatccct 1930 gtggttggtg tgctgatatt tgtgttgaac aggatacagg ctgtgagggc tcagagtgct 1980 gcccagccca ggccgtcagc ttctgccact ctgcacagcg ccatctggat tgtctatgga 2040 gccttcgtac agcaaggtgg cgaatcttcc gtgaactcca tggccatgcg catcgtgatg 2100 ggcagctggt ggctcttcac gctcattgtg tgctcctcct acacagccaa ccttgctgcc 2160 ttcctcacag tgtccaggat ggacaacccc ataaggactt tccaggacct gtccaaacaa 3220 gtggaaatgt cttatggcac tgtccgggat tctgctgtat atgagtactt ccgagccaag 2?80 ggcaccaacc ccctggagca ggacagcacg tttgctgaac tctggcggac catcagcaag 2340 aacggagggg ctgacaactg cgtgtccagt ccttcagaag gcatcaggaa ggcaaagaag 2400 gggaactacg ccttcctgtg ggatgtggcc gtggtggaat acgcatccct gacggatgac 2460 gactgctcgg tgactgtcat cggcaacagc atcagcagca agggttacgg gattgccctg 2530 cagcatggca gcccctacag ggacctcttc tcccagagga tcctggagct gcaggacaca 2580 ggggacctgg atgtgctgaa gcagaagtgg tggccgcaca tgggccgctg tgacctcacc 2640 agccatgcca gcgcccaggc cgacggcaaa tccctcaagc tgcacagctt cgccggggtc ?700 ttctgcatcc tggccattgg cctgctcctg gcctgcctgg tggctgccct ggagttgtgg 2760 tggaacagca accggtgcca ccaggagacc cccaaggagg acaaagaagt gaacttggag 2820 caggtccacc ggcgcatgaa cagcctcatg gatgaagaca ttgctcacaa gcagatttcc 2880 ccagcgtcga ttgagctctc ggccctggag atggggggcc tggctcccac ccagaccttg 2940 gagccgacac gggagtacca gaacacccag ctctcggtca gcacctttct gccagagcag 3000 agcagccatg gcaccagccg gacactctca tcagggccca gcagcaacct gccgctgccg 3060 ctgagcagct cggcgaccat gccctccatg cagtgcaaac acaggtcacc caacgggggg 3120 ctgttccggc agagcccggt gaagaccccc atccccatgt ccttccagcc cgtgcctgga 3180 ggcgtccttc cagaggctct ggacacctcc cacgggacct ccatctgact gcgccgcctg 3240 ccctcctgcc caccctccca cccacccgac cagcagagct ttttaataca agaaaacaac 3300 aacacaaacc acacacactc gcacacacac acatacacag agactctttc atttttcttg 3360 tacatatgtg taaataatga cagaatggag tggggtaaaa gtgtattttg aatattccca 3430 attttcgaag tcagtaaaaa aacacaaaaa ctgtatgaat gactttgtaa attttgttct 3480 atatgaataa aaaggcaaat tacttgtgaa aaaaaaa 3517 <210> 21 <211> 1248 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7472584CB1 <400> 21 atgaagaggc agaacgtgcg gactctgtcc ctcatcgtct gcaccttcac ctacctgctg 60 gtgggcgccg ccgtgttcga cgccctcgag tcggaccacg agatgcgcga ggaggagaaa 120 ctcaaagccg aggagatccg gatcaagggg aagtacaaca tcagcagcga ggactaccgg 180 cagctggagc tggtgatcct gcagtcggaa ccgcaccgcg ccggcgtcca gtggaaattc 240 gccggctcct tctactttgc gatcacggtc atcaccacca taggttatgg gcacgctgca 300 cctggcaccg atgcgggcaa ggccttctgc atgttctacg ccgtgctggg catcccgctg 360 acactggtca tgttccagag cctgggcgag cgcatgaaca ccttcgtgcg ctacctgctg 430 aagcgcatta agaagtgctg tggcatgcgc aacactgacg tgtctatgga gaacatggtg 480 actgtgggct tcttctcctg catggggacg ctgtgcatcg gggcggccgc cttctcccag 540 tgtgaggagt ggagcttctt ccacgcctac tactactgct tcatcacgtt gactaccatt 600 gggttcgggg actacgtggc cctgcagacc aagggtgccc tgcagaagaa gccgctctac 660 gtggccttta gctttatgta tatcctggtg gggctgacgg tcatcggggc cttcctcaac 730 ctggtcgtcc tcaggttctt gaccatgaac agtgaggatg agcggcggga tgctgaagag 780 agggcatccc tcgccggaaa ccgcaacagc atggtcattc acatccctga ggagccgcgg 840 cccagccggc ccaggtacaa ggcggacgtc ccggacctgc agtctgtgtg ctcctgcacc 900 tgctaccgct cgcaggacta tggcggccgc tcggtggcac cgcagaactc cttcagcgcc 960 aagcttgccc cccactactt ccactccatc tcttacaaga tcgaggagat ctcaccaagc 1020 acattaaaaa acagcctctt cccatcgcct attagctcca tctctcctgg gttacacagc 1080 tttaccgacc accagaggct gatgaaacgc cggaagtccg tttaggggaa ctaactgcac 1140 attcaagaga ggcgtccgtg gatgctgggt ctcactgcca aagccgaaca cggcttcggg 1200 atttcttgcc ttctcaagtg gacctcttgc tgtgctgggc ggaatgcc 1248 <210> 22 <211> 1770 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <2~3> Incyte ID No: 7472536CB1 <400> 32 atgtctgcag tcctcacccc tggcctgttc ctccCCCtcc cagggcccct cccggcctct 60 ctacataaag ccgggggtac tgggcctcag gtcaggccta tggccatggc cttcacagac 120 ctgctggatg ctctgggcag catgggccgc ttccagctca ,accacacagc cctgctgctg 180 ctgccctgcg gcctgctggc ctgccacaac ttcctgcaga acttcaccgc cgctgtcccc 240 ccccaccact gccggggccc tgccaaccac actgaggcct ccaccaacga ctcgggggcc 300 tggctgaggg ccaccatacc cctggaccag cttggggccc ctgagccctg ccggcgcttc 360 accaagcctc agtgggccct gctgagcccc aactcctcca tcccgggcgc ggccacggag 420 ggctgcaagg acggctgggt ctataaccgc agtgttttcc cgtccaccat cgtgatggag 480 cagtgggatc tggtgtgtga ggcccgcact ctccgagacc tggcgcagtc cgtctacatt 540 gccggggtgc tggtgggggc tgccgtgttt ggcagcttgg cagacaggct gggctgcaag 600.
ggccccctgg tctggtccta cctgcagctg gcagcttcgg gggccgccac agcgtatttc 660 agctccttca gtgcctattg cgtcttccgg ttcctgatgg gcatgacctt ctctggcatc 730 atcctcaact ccgtctccct ggtggagtgg atgcccacac ggggccggac tgtggcgggt 780 attttgctgg ggtattcctt caccctgggc cagctcatcc tggctggggt agcctacctg 840 attcgcccct ggcggtgcct gcagtttgcc atctctgctc ctttcctgat ctttttcctc 900 tattcttggt ggcttccaga gtcatcccgc tggctcctcc tgcatggcaa gtcccagtta 960 gctgtacaga atctgcagaa ggtggctgca atgaacggga ggaagcagga aggggaaagg 1020 ctgaccaagg aggtgatgag ctcctacatc caaagcgagt ttgcaagtgt ctgcacctcc 1080 aactcaatct tggacctctt ccgaaccccg gccatccgca aggtcacatg ctgtccggcg 1140 ctgaggttct ccaactctgt ggcttactat ggcctggcca tggacctgca gaagtttggg 1200 ctcagcctat acctggtgca ggccctgttt ggaatcatca acatcccggc catgctggtg 1260 gccaccgcca ccatgattta cgtgggccgc cgtgccacgg tggcctcctt cctcatcctg 1330 gccgggctca tggtgatcgc caacatgttt gtgccagaag gcacgcagat cctgtgcaca 1380 gcccaggcag cgctgggcaa aggctgcctg gccagctcct tcatctgtgt gtacctgttt 1440 accggcgagc tgtaccccac ggagatcagg cagatgggga tgggctttgc ctctgtccac 1500 gcccgcctcg ggggcctgac ggcgcccctg gttaccacac ttggggaata cagcaccatc 1560 ctgccacccg tgagctttgg ggccaccgca atcctggctg ggctggccgt ctgcttcctg 1630 actgagaccc gcaacatgcc cctggtggag accatcgcag ccatggagag gagggtcaaa 1680 gaaggctctt ccaagaaaca tgtagaagag aagagtgaag aaatttctct tcagcagctg 1740 agagcatctc ccctcaaaga gaccatctaa 1770 <210> 23 <211> 2544 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
?7/34 <221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7473422CB1 <400> 23 atgacgatcc gcccgcaacc gctgatgcgt accttggccg ccgccgtgct gagcctggtc 60 atcggcgctc cggccgccat ggcagacgca ccggtcaccc tgaccatgta caacggtcag 130 cacaaggaaa tcggcgaagc catcgccaag gcctacgagg ccaagaccgg catccacatc 180 gatatccgca agggcagcag caaccagctg gccagccaga tcatcgagga gggcgaccgt 240 tcgccagccg acctcatcta caccgaagag tccccgcccc tgaacaacct gggcgaactg 300 ggcctgctgg cgaagatcga cgacgccacc gcgaacatgg tgcccaagga gtatgtgggc 360 gccaacggca cctggatggg catcaccgcg cgcacgcgca tcgtggtgta caacccgaag 420 aaggtcgatg aaaaagacct gccgaccaca gtgatggact tcgccaaccc tgagtgggaa 480 ggccgcgtcg gctacgtacc caccagcggt gcattccagg agcaggccgt ggccatcctg 540 aagatgcatg gtcgtgaagc caccgaagaa tggctgaccg gccttaaagc cttcggcaaa 600 acatacacca acaacatggt cgccctcaaa gccgtggaaa aaggtgaagt ggctgcggta 660 ctggtgaaca actactactg gtacgcactt gaacgcgaac gcggcaagct cgacaccaag 720 ctctactacc tggcagatgg cgatgccggc aacctggtga ccatctctgg cgccgctgtg 780 gtcaaggcca gcaagcaccc gaaagaagcc caggcactgc tcaactggat ggccagcgaa 840 gaaggccaac gtgtgatcac ccagaccacc gccgagtacc cgctgcacaa gggcatggtt 900 tccgaccggg gcctcaagcc gttcgaagac ctgcgcccgc cgaaaatctc gccagccgac 960 ctgggcaatg ccgaggaagc catcgagctt gaacgcgagc cggcgccggt acgcttcgta 1020 ccgcgccgca agcgcccctc catctgggtg gtgctgcctg tgctgttcct ggtggcgatg 1080 agcttgctgc cgctgctgta tgtcgccatc aaagcctggg aagccggctg gcgtgaagcc 1140 ttgcacctgc tgtggcgccc ctttgtctgg gggctgatgc gcaataccct gatgctgatg 1200 gtcggggtga cattggcctg catggtggtc gggctggccc tggcctggct gctggagcgc 1260 agcaacctgg ctggccgccg gctgtggggc gtggtgcttt gcctgccctt cgctgtgccg 1320 tcgttcgtca gcagtttcac ctgggtgtcg ctgagctcgg acttcgaagg gctgggcggg 1380 gccatcctgg tcatggccct gtccaagtac ccattggtgt tcctgccggt ggccgccacc 1440 ctgcgcaacc tcgacacctc gctggaggag tcggcgcgca ccctgggttg tagccgctgg 1500 ggcgtgttca tcaaggtcac cttgccgctg ctgtggccct cgatgctcgg cggagcgctg 1560 ctgatcgccc tgcacatgct ggtggagttc ggtgcgttgt cgatcctcgg cctgcagacc 1620 ttcaccacgg cgatctacca gcagttcgaa ctggaattca gcaatgccaa cgcggccatg 1680 ctgtctgccg tgctgttggc gatgtgcctg gtgatgctgt ggctggaatt gcgtgtacgt 1740 ggcaaagccc gccatgtgcg catcggccag ggcgtggcac gccgcgcgca acccgtgcga 1800 ctgcgtggct gggccgtacc ggcgcagcta ctctgcgtgg ccctggcagt gctgggcagc 1860 ggtatcccac tggccatgct cggctactgg ctgagcgtgg gttcgtcggc agccttcccg 1920 gtgggagcca tctccaaggc gctgttcacc tcgctgtcgg tgtcgcttgg cggtgccggt 1980 ttctgtgtgc tgctggcgct accgataagc ttcctggtgg tgcgctacaa aggccgtctt 2040 gcgatctggg ccgagcgctt gccgtacctg ctgcacgccc tgcccggcct ggtgattgca 2100 ctgaccttgg tgttcttcgc cctgcactac gtgccggcgc tgtaccagac cacggcgttg 2160 ctgctcttgg cgtatgcgct gctgttcctg ccattggcgc agtcaccggt gcgcaccgcg 2220 ctgaacaagg cctcgccaac actggaggaa gccgcgcgca ccctgggtgc cagcagcttc 2280 acggcattct gccgggtgac cctgccgatc atcttcccgg ccatggcggc agcatttgcg 2340 ctggtgtttc tggatgccat gaaagaactg acagctaccc tgctgctcag cccgaccggg 2400 atgaccaccc tggctaccga ggtgtgggcg catacggcca acgtcgagtt cgcggcggcg 2460 gcgccctatg cagccttgct gatcgtggtg tcaggcctgc cggtttatct gctgaccacg 250 cggatgtacc tgaacaaggc ataa 2544 <210> 24 <211> 2871 <212> DNA
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 2864715CB1 <220>
<221> unsure <222> 2847 <233> a, t, c, g, or other <400> 24 ?si3a.

gcttctgccc tgcctgctgt gtgcggagcc gtccagcgac caccatggtg aggctcgtgc 60 tgcccaaccc cggcctagac gcccggatcc cgtccctggc tgagctggag accatcgagc 130 aggaggaggc cagctcccgg ccgaagtggg acaacaaggc gcagtacatg ctcacctgcc 180 tgggcttctg cgtgggcctc ggcaacgtgt ggcgcttccc ctacctgtgt cagagccacg 240 gaggaggagc cttcatgatc ccgttcctca tcctgctggt cctggagggc atccccctgc 300 tgtacctgga gttcgccatc gggcagcggc tgcggcgggg cagcctgggt gtgtggagct 360 ccatccaccc ggccctgaag ggcctaggcc tggcctccat gctcacgtcc ttcatggtgg 420 gactgtatta caacaccatc atctcctgga tcatgtggta cttattcaac tccttccagg 480 agcctctgcc ctggagcgac tggccgctca acgagaacca gacagggtat gtggacgagt 540 gcgccaggag ctcccctgtg gactacttct ggtaccgaga gacgctcaac atctccacgt 600 ccatcagcga ctcgggctcc atccagtggt ggatgctgct gtgcctggcc tgcgcatgga 660 gcgtcctgta catgtgcacc atccgcggca tcgagaccac cgggaaggcc gtgtacatca 720 cctccacgct gccctatgtc gtcctgacca tcttcctcat ccgaggcctg acgctgaagg 780 gcgccaccaa tggcatcgtc ttcctcttca cgcccaacgt cacggagctg gcccagccgg 840 acacctggct ggacgcgggc gcacaggtct tcttctcctt ctccctggcc ttcgggggcc 900 tcatctcctt ctccagctac aactctgtgc acaacaactg cgagaaggac tcggtgattg 960 tgtccatcat caacggcttc acatcggtgt atgtggccat cgtggtctac tccgtcattg 1020 ggttccgcgc cacgcagcgc tacgacgact gcttcagcac gaacatcctg accctcatca 1080 acgggttcga cctgcctgaa ggcaacgtga cccaggagaa ctttgtggac atgcagcagc 1140 ggtgcaacgc ctccgacccc gcggcctacg cgcagctggt gttccagacc tgcgacatca 1200 acgccttcct ctcagaggcc gtggagggca caggcctggc cttcatcgtc ttcaccgagg 1260 ccatcaccaa gatgccgttg tccccactgt ggtctgtgct cttcttcatt atgctcttct 1330 gcctggggct gtcatctatg tttgggaaca tggagggcgt cgttgtgccc ctgcaggacc 1380 tcagagtcat ccccccgaag tggcccaagg aggtgctcac aggcctcatc tgcctgggga 1440 cattcctcat tggcttcatc ttcacgctga actccggcca gtactggctc tccctgctgg 1500 acagctatgc cggctccatt cccctgctca tcatcgcctt ctgcgagatg ttctctgtgg 1560 tctacgtgta cggtgtggac aggttcaata aggacatcga gttcatgatc ggccacaagc 1620 ccaacatctt ctggcaagtc acgtggcgcg tggtcagccc cctgctcatg ctgatcatct 1680 tcctcttctt cttcgtggta gaggtcagtc aggagctgac ctacagcatc tgggaccctg 1740 gctacgagga atttcccaaa tcccagaaga tctcctaccc gaactgggtg tatgtggtgg 1800 tggtgattgt ggctggagtg ccctccctca ccatccctgg ctatgccatc tacaagctca 1860 tcaggaacca ctgccagaag ccaggggacc atcaggggct ggtgagcaca ctgtccacag 1920 cctccatgaa cggggacctg aagtactgag aaggcccatc ccacggcgtg ccatacactg 1980 gtgtcaggga aggaggaacc agcaagacct gtggggtggg ggccgggctg cacctgcatg 2040 tgtgtaagcg tgagtgtatg ctcgtgtgtg agtgtgtgta ttgtacacgc atgtgccatg 2100 tgtgcagata tgtatcgtgt gtgcatgtac atgcatgggc actgtgagtg tgcacgtgta 2160 tgcacacata tacatgtgtg tgggtgtgtg tattgtatgt gcatgtgcca tgtgtgcaga 2230 tgtgtcatgt tgtgtgtgtg catgtacatg tatggacatt gtgtgagtgt gcaagtgtgc 2280 atgcatatac atgtgtgcga tatttgctgc ccgtgtgtgt gcatgtatat atagacatac 2340 atgcctatgt tgtgtgtggt gtgcatatgt gtgaacacac acgtgtatac atgcatgcac 2400 atgtgctcgt acaatgggtg tccacatgca cgtgtatatg tatatctgtg agtgtatata 2460 catgcatgca attgtgtgta tgtgtgttct gtgtgtgcgt ttgcaagtat atatgcacat 2520 gtgtatatgt acatgtatgc ctgtgtgacg tgtgtatatg tgagcatgtg tacgtgtgtg 2580 tatacgtgtg ttgtgtatat gtgtgtgtct gtacctgttt gtgtatatgt gtgtgatgtg 2640 tgctcgtgtg tgtgcatatt caggcaggtg tgcatttgtg catcccagtg tgtatgtatg 2700 tgcgcatatg gacacgcatg gacacgcata tggacacata tggacacaca tatggacacg 2760 tgtggatatg tgtgcgtaca cgtcgctggg acacatgcct gccactcggg gcccagctga 2830 ccctctgtgt ttggggatcc actattntaa gcgcgccacc gcgtgactcc a 2871 <210> 25 <211> 2141 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <230>
<221> misc_feature <'223> Incyte ID No: 1734724CB1 <400> 25 gcggcgaccg cgggacggcg agaggcacgc ggcgggaggg gaccggaatc cgcagctccg 60 gccgcgccat ggacggcaac gacaacgtga ccctgctctt cgcccctctg ctgcgggaca 120 actacaccct ggcgcccaat gccagcagcc tgggccccgg cacgaacctc gccctcgccc 180 ctgcctccag cgccggcccc ggccctgggc tcagcctcgg gccggtaccg agcttcggct 240 ?9/34 tcagccccgg ccccactccg accccggagc ccacgaccag cggcctcgcg ggcggcgcgg 300 cgagccacgg cccttccccg gttccctcgg ccctgggcgc cccacgcgct cccgttctgg 360 gacacgccgc tgaaccacgg gctgaacgtg ttcgtgggcg ccgcctgtgc atcaccatgc 420 tgggcctggg ctgcacggtg gacgtgaacc acttcggggc gcacgtccgt cggcccgtgg 480 cggcgctgct ggcagctctg ccagttcggc ctcctgccgc tgctggcctt cctgctggcc 540 ctcgccttca agctggacga ggtggccgcc gtgggctgct cctgtgtggc tgctgtcccg 600 gcggcaatct ctccaatctt atgtccctgc tggttgacgg cgacatgaac ctcagacgtg 660 ctgctctctt ggcactctcc tcggatgtag gttctgccca gacttcaacc ccgggacttg 720 cagtctcccc gttccacctc tactcaacat acaagaaaaa ggttagctgg ctgtttgact 780 caaagctcgt tctgatttct gcacattccc ttttctgcag catcatcatg accatctcct 840 ccacgcttct ggccctcgtc ttgatgcccc tgtgcctgtg gatctacagc tgggcttgga 900 tcaacacccc tatcgtgcag ttactacccc tagggaccgt gaccctgact ctctgcagca 960 ctctcatacc tatcgggttg ggcgtcttca ttcgctacaa atacagccgg gtggctgact 1020 acattgtgaa ggtttccctg tggtctctgc tagtgactct ggtggtcctt ttcataatga 1080 ccggcactat gttaggacct gaactgctgg caagtatccc tgcagctgtt tatgtgatag 1140 caatttttat gcctttggca ggctacgctt caggttatgg tttagctact ctcttccatc 1200 ttccacccaa ctgcaagagg actgtatgtc tggaaacagg tagtcagaat gtgcagctct 1260 gtacagccat tctaaaactg gcctttccac cgcaattcat aggaagcatg tacatgtttc 1320 ctttgctgta tgcacttttc cagtctgcag aagcggggat ttttgtttta atctataaaa 1380 tgtatggaag tgaaatgttg cacaagcgag atcctctaga tgaagatgaa gatacagata 1440 tttcttataa aaaactaaaa gaagaggaaa tggcagacac ttcctatggc acagtgaaag 1500 cagaaaatat aataatgatg gaaaccgctc agacttctct ctaaatgtgg agatacacag 1560 gagcttctat cttgctgaaa tattgcttca tatttatggc ctgtggtagt gcacatggtt 1620 aacataaaag ataacactgg ttcacatcat acatgtaaca attctgatct ttttaaggtt 1680 cactggtgta ttaaccaaac gttgtcacaa attacaaatc aatgctgtaa tataatttgc 1740 acctggaatg gctaacgtga agcctgaatt aaatgtggtt tttagttttt accatcacca 1800 atttctatga ctgttgcaaa tacagaatct attagaaaac agggtcttgg aaatgtagaa 1860 ttttggcgca ctatgaggaa aaacaagcta tctttgtaaa gcataattga gtttaatgta 1930 attgttgtaa aaaaaaaagt gtgcttgctc tacttaaaat tcctcacaat gttgaatttt 1980 gacctgtatt cagaagaatt ccaaaacagg tcagttaaat aaggaaatat agtatttgtc 2040 aaaccagtat cagagaaaag ttacattaat gtatttgatt acttgatctg gtatctactt 2100 attaatgaat aatcaacatt tttctagtga aaaaaaaaaa a 2141 <210> 26 <211> 1902 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Tncyte ID No: 1563237CB1 <400> 26 ccgggtagtg agcggaggga caggaagggt agggcaagaa agggagaggg gacaggaggg 60 aagggtgggc caaagcggtg agaaaggagg gccagccagt tgcgtggggg agagtggccg 130 aggcccgggg gcaggagtgc agggctctga ggcggggaga ggagaggaga gaagagccgc 180 ggggggccca gcccggagcc aggatgcccg cgccgcgcgc ccgggagcag ccccgcgtgc 240 ccggggagcg ccagccgctg ctgcctcgcg gtgcgcgggg ccctcgacgg tggcggcggg 300 cggcgggcgc ggccgtgctg ctggtggaga tgctggagcg cgccgccttc ttcggcgtca 360 ccgccaacct cgtgctgtac ctcaacagca ccaacttcaa ctggaccggc gagcaggcga 420 cgcgcgccgc gctggtattc ctgggcgcct cctacctgct ggcgcccgtg ggcggctggc 480 tggccgacgt gtacctgggc cgctaccgcg cggtcgcgct cagcctgctg ctctacctgg 540 ccgcctcggg cctgctgccc gccaccgcct tccccgacgg ccgcagctcc ttctgcggag 600 agatgcccgc gtcgccgctg ggacctgcct gcccctcggc cggctgcccg cgctcctcgc 660 ccagccccta ctgcgcgccc gtcctctacg cgggcctgct gctactcggc ctggccgcca 720 gctccgtccg gagcaacctc acctccttcg gtgccgacca ggtgatggat ctcggccgcg 780 acgccacccg ccgcttcttc aactggtttt actggagcat caacctgggt gctgtgctgt 840 cgctgctggt ggtggcgttt attcagcaga acatcagctt cctgctgggc tacagcatcc 900 ctgtgggctg tgtgggcctg gcatttttca tcttcctctt tgccaccccc gtcttcatca 960 ccaagccccc gatgggcagc caagtgtcct ctatgcttaa gctcgctctc caaaactgct 1020 gcccccagct gtggcaacga cactcggcca gagaccgtca atgtgcccgc gtgctggccg 1080 acgagaggtc tccccagcca ggggcttccc cgcaagagga catcgccaac ttccaggtgc 1140 tggtgaagat cttgcccgtc atggtgaccc tggtgcccta ctggatggtc tacttccaga 1200 tgcagtccac ctatgtcctg cagggtcttc acctccacat cccaaacatt ttcccagcca 1260 acccggccaa catctctgtg gccctgagag cccagggcag cagctacacg gagtcctgga 1320 gatggagcgc cttacactac atccaccaca acgagaccgt gtcccagcag attggggagg 1380 tcctgtacaa cgcggcacca ctgtccatct ggtggcagat ccctcagtac ctgctcattg 1440 ggatcagtga gatctttgcc agcatcccag gcctggagtt tgcctactca gaggccccgc 1500 gctccatgca gggcgccatc atgggcatct tcttctgcct gtcgggggtg ggctcactgt 1560 tgggctccag cctagtggca ctgctgtcct tgcccggggg ctggctgcac tgccccaagg 1620 attttgggaa catcaacaat tgccggatgg acctctactt cttcctgctg gctggcattc 1680 aggccgtcac ggctctccta tttgtctgga tcgctggacg ctatgagagg gcgtcccagg 1740 gcccagcctc ccacagccgt ttcagcaggg acaggggctg aacaggccct attccagccc 1800 ccttgcttca ctctaccgga cagacggcag cagtcccagc tctggtttcc ttctcggttt 1860 attctgttag aatgaaatgt tcccataaat aagggcatgg tc 1902 <210> 27 <211> 4125 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte TD No: 7473443CB1 <400> 27 atggggaaaa aacagtgcaa aaaggctaaa aattccaaaa accagaatgc ctcttctcct 60 ccaaaggatc acaactcctc gccagcaggg gaacaaaact ggatggagaa tgaattgaca 130 gaagcaggct tcagaaggtg ggtggtaata aactcctgca agctaaagga gcatgtttta 180 acccaatgta aggaagccaa gaaccttgaa aaaaggttag gcgaattgct aactagaata 240 accagtttag agaagaacat aaatgacctg atggagctga aaaacacagc acgagaactt 300 cgtgatgcat acataagtat cagtagccga attgatcaag cagaaaaaag gatatcagag 360 attgaagatc aacttaatga aataaagcgt gaagacaaga ttagagaaaa aaatgaaaag 420 gatgaacaag gcctccaaga aatatgggac tatgtgaaaa gaccaaacct acatttgatt 480 ggtgtacctg gcctgctcta ttcagacatg tgccgcctcc tcccttctcc aagaaatcag 540 cctgccttgc aggctttgga acgtggagtc atcttggagg tcaaatgcgt cgtttgcagc 600 acgcaggctg gggcagcgcg gcgtggtgta aagataagta tcaaggggaa aggattttct 660 gtggtgtcag tcgtaggaac cttgcaatgg ttgctttggg ccagagccgc gcatgctcca 730 cactggcgtt ttctacgttg gatggcagcc ctgtgggatg tgccaggcaa aactggccct 780 tcccccatca gcctcacggg tcagagaggg aaccggggtc cggagtcctc ctctatcctc 840 cgaggcgtgc ccaaggattt cagcacggga acatcagccc aactaaggcg agccatgggg 900 ctggcccctg agggcggagg tttccaggcc ttcttcccca ggcccaccat gcctgcaact 960 cccaacttcc tcgcaaaccc cagctccagc agccgctgga ttcccctcca gccaatgccc 1030 gtggcctggg cctttgtgca gaagacctcg gccctcctgt ggctgctgct tctaggcacc 1080 tccctgtccc ctgcgtgggg acaggccaag attcctctgg aaacagtgaa gctatgggct 1140 gacaccttcg gcggggacct gtataacact gtgaccaaat actcaggctc tctcttgctg 1200 cagaagaagt acaaggatgt ggagtccagt ctgaagatcg aggaggtgga tggcttggag 1260 ctggtgagga agttctcaga ggacatggag aacatgctgc ggaggaaagt cgaggcggtc 1330 cagaatctgg tggaagctgc cgaggaggcc gacctgaacc acgaattcaa tgaatccctg 1380 gtggaacctg gcgtgggagt tggcgtgggg atgtccgtga cgcagtccgg cgtgggagtt 1440 ggcgtgggga tgtccgtgac gcagtccggc gtgggagttg gcgtggggat gtccataacg 1500 ctgtccggcg tgggagttgg cgtggggatg tccgtgaggc agtccggcgt gggagttggc 1560 gtggggatgt ccgtgacgca gtccggcgtg ggagttggcg tggggatgtc cgtgacgcag 1630 tccggcgtgg gagttggcgt ggggatgtcc gtgaggcagt ccggcgtggg agttggcgtg 1680 gggatgtccg tgacgcagtc ctggggggtg ttcagtgccc agcgcgccgc cgcgggtgct 1740 tgtgtagact ctgatggccg cccggccccg gccctctcgt cctctcacct gcgccgtttc 1800 tcttcctctc tctccgcctg tcccggtgct cgggccgcct ccgtgggcct cacccgtcca 1860 ccccagttcg actattacaa ctcggtcctg atcaacgaga gggacgagaa gggcaacttc 1930 gtggagctgg gcgccgagtt cctcctggag tccaatgctc acttcagcaa cctgccggtg 1980 aacacctcca tcagcagcgt gcagctgccc accaacgtgt acaacaaaga cccagatatt 2040 ttaaatggag tctacatgtc tgaagccttg aatgctgtct tcgtggagaa cttccagaga 2100 gacccaacgt tgacctggca atattttggc agtgcaactg gattcttcag gatctatcca 2160 ggtataaaat ggacacctga tgagaatgga gtcattactt ttgactgccg aaaccgcggc 2220 tggtacattc aagctgctac ttctcccaag gacatagtga ttttggtgga cgtgagcggc 2280 agtatgaagg ggctgaggat gactattgcc aagcacacca tcaccaccat cttggacacc 2340 ctgggggaga atgacttcat taatatcata gcgtacaatg actacgtcca ttacatcgag 2400 ccttgtttta aagggatcct cgtccaggcg gaccgagaca atcgagagca tttcaaactg 2460 ctggtggagg agttgatggt caaaggtgtg ggggtcgtgg accaagccct gagagaagcc 2520 ttccagatcc tgaagcagtt ccaagaggcc aagcaaggaa gcctctgcaa ccaggccatc 2580 atgctcatca gcgacggcgc cgtggaggac tacgagccgg tgtttgagaa gtataactgg 2640 ccagactgta aggtccgagt tttcacttac ctcattggga gagaagtgtc ttttgctgac 2700 cgcatgaagt ggattgcatg caacaacaaa ggctactaca cgcagatctc aacgctggcg 2760 gacacccagg agaacgtgat ggaatacctg cacgtgctca gccgccccat ggtcatcaac 2820 cacgaccacg acatcatctg gacagaggcc tacatggaca gcaagctcct cagctcgcag 880 gctcagagcc tgacactgct caccactgtg gccatgccag tcttcagcaa gaagaacgaa 2940 acgcgatccc atggcattct cctgggtgtg gtgggctcag atgtggccct gagagagctg 3000 atgaagctgg cgccccggta caagcttgga gtgcacggat acgcctttct gaacaccaac 3060 aatggctaca tcctctccca tcccgacctc cggcccctgt acagagaggg gaagaaacta 3120 aaacccaaac ctaactacaa cagtgtggat ctctccgaag tggagtggga agaccaggct 3180 gaatctctga gaacagccat gatcaatagg gaaacaggta ctctctcgat ggatgtgaag 3240 gttccgatgg ataaagggaa gcgagttctt ttcctgacca atgactactt cttcacggac 3300 atcagcgaca cccctttcag tttgggggtg gtgctgtccc ggggccacgg agaatacatc 3360 cttctgggga acacgtctgt ggaagaaggc ctgcatgact tgcttcaccc agacttggcc 3420 ctggccggtg actggatcta ctgcatcaca gatattgacc cagaccaccg gaagctcagc 3480 cagctagagg ccatgatccg cttcctcacc aggaaggacc cagacctgga gtgtgacgag 3540 gagctggtcc gggaggtgct gtttgacgcg gtggtgacag cccccatgga agcctactgg 3600 acagcgctgg ccctcaacat gtccgaggag tctgaacacg tggtggacat ggccttcctg 3660 ggcacccggg ctggcctcct gagaagcagc ttgttcgtgg gctccgagaa ggtctccgac 3720 aggaagttcc tgacacctga ggacgaggcc agcgtgttca ccctggaccg cttcccgctg 3780 tggtaccgcc aggcctcaga gcatcctgct ggcagcttcg tcttcaacct ccgctgggca 3840 gaaggaccag gacgcccttc tgccaaaggc cttccaccac cactttgcca aaccatcctc 3900 aagcgtcgtg atggaaaaat gtcctggagc tgatggctgg ggaggcccag gatcccgggg 3960 atcctcctgg gaccaggaca gggaaggcaa acagcaggga ggagctccac cccgccccct 4020 ccggaatccc gccttcctca cctggtgcta tgcccctact cccacctgtg ctgttccctc 4080 cacacacgtg caaataacta ctatgcttca caaaacaaaa aaaaa 4125 <210> 28 <211> 2460 <212> DNA
<213> Homo Sapiens <220>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7473438CB1 <400> 28 gggagggagg gatggggaaa ggagtgaaag gaaggaagga aggaaaggag ggagggaggg 60 aggaaggcag gggaccgggg aggggaggga gggtaaaagg aaggaaggaa ggacggaagg 120 aaggacggaa gactggcacg aggtcacaac atgagttagt ggcgggaaca ggacttctgc 180 aggcccgggg tttgggcctt tgcttcagat ctcactattc acagacacat gaaccccggg 240 caggcgagtg ggaggcggac aggggagcgg ttcttccggc ccccacccgt ggcgatccca 300 gcctccaggt tcccggcagt cgccccgcct cgcccgtcac aaccctgccg cgtggggccg 360 gggttggagg gggcggagcg cgcggtccgg gcacacggag caggttggga ccgcggcggg 430 taccggggcc ggggcgccat gcggaggccg agcgtgcgcg cggccgggct ggtcctgtgc 480 accctgtgtt acctgctggt gggcgctgct gtcttcgacg cgctcgagtc cgaggcggaa 540 agcggccgcc agcgactgct ggtccagaag cggggcgctc tccggaggaa gttcggcttc 600 tcggccgagg actaccgcga gctggagcgc ctggcgctcc aggctgagcc ccaccgcgcc 660 ggccgccagt ggaagttccc cggctccttc tacttcgcca tcaccgtcat cactaccatc 730 gagtacggcc acgccgcgcc gggtacggac tccggcaagg tcttctgcat gttctacgcg 780 ctcctgggca tcccgctgac gctggtcact ttccagagcc tgggcgaacg gctgaacgcg 840 gtggtgcggc gcctcctgtt ggcggccaag tgctgcctgg gcctgcggtg gacgtgcgtg 900 tccacggaga acctggtggt ggccgggctg ctggcgtgtg ccgccaccct ggccctcggg 960 gccgtcgcct tctcgcactt cgagggctgg accttcttcc acgcctacta ctactgcttc 1030 atcaccctca ccaccatcgg cttcggcgac ttcgtggcac tgcagagcgg cgaggcgctg 1080 cagaggaagc tcccctacgt ggccttcagc ttcctctaca tcctcctggg gctcacggtc 1140 attggcgcct tcctcaacct ggtggtcctg cgcttcctcg ttgccagcgc cgactggccc 1300 gagcgcgctg cccgcacccc cagcccgcgc cccccggggg cgcccgagag ccgtggcctc 1260 tggctgcccc gccgcccggc ccgctccgtg ggctccgcct ctgtcttctg ccacgtgcac 1320 aagctggaga ggtgcgcccg cgacaacctg ggcttttcgc ccccctcgag cccgggggtc 1380 gtgcgtggcg ggcaggctcc caggcttggg gcccggtgga agtccatctg acaaccccac 1440 ccaggccagg gtcgaatctg gaatgggagg gtctggcttc agctatcagg gcaccctccc 1500 cagggattgg aaacggatga cgggcctcta ggcggtcttc tgccacgagc agtttctcat 1560 tactgtctgt ggctaagtcc cctccctcct ttccaaaaat atattacagt cacaccataa 2620 gcacaaacca ggctccaggg tcaccctgta ggagcaaatt ccttgtagtc caaattgtat 1680 gagggcgtgg ccacatcagc acttaggaga ggctctgcac aggtccacct cagagccgac 1740 cctccagagc aacttttctg ttgtgaagag gctggttttc tgagtaacgg ttgaaatgtg 1800 caactttcaa cactggaatc ttcgctgcaa ttagtgaggt cagatgctca cactacgaga 1860 agcatgggga acaaaggtgg accaaatggg accgtgtaca gtccagtgtt gacaaggggg 1920 tcaatctctt gcgctaaacg atctcattct ctgcccagtg tatagagtgg aatcagccca 1980 tgtgtgaatg atggcctctt tcccccagac agctgatgct ctttgtccct ggccagcccc 2040 acttcaggat gagggaggcc ttgctgtcac ccacccacca tgtcactggg gccacttgga 2100 cacagcagaa tgccatggga cgagctctct tccgggtcct gtcaatcacc agcaatatga 2160 ccttggagaa tcgcatcctc tcccagggcc tcagtttcca catctgtaga atgacggggt 2220 tcatccagaa ccctgctccc tcttacgcat ctctggcagg actttctgga acaggcccct 2280 gcaccataag ggggcagaga caaagcccga ggtgtggcat cctggcaccc cgtggcactc 2340 agccacttcc cctggcttcc cagatagggc tgtctcaaca caaagcatga acgagccagg 2400 ttagaaaagc caaaaacttt aatttcaaca tgagctacat ggtcatgaac acaatgcaac 2460 <210> 39 <211> 896 <212> DNA
<213> Homo Sapiens <230>
<221> misc_feature <223> Incyte ID No: 7474286CB1 <400> 29 gggaaactga gtccctcacc cccttcaaga ccccaggccg ctcctcgctc ccgcccctcg 60 aggcccttcg CCggCtCtgC CtCCtCCCCC ttCCCgaCCC CdCCggCCat aagatgatgt 120 ggtccaactt cttcctgcaa gaggagaacc ggcggcgggg ggccgcgggc cggcggcggg 180 cgcacgggca gggcaggtcg gggctgacgc ccgagcgcga ggggaaggtg aagctggcgc 340 tgctgctggc cgccgtgggc gccacgctgg cggtgctgtc cgtgggcacc gagttctggg 300 tggagctcaa cacctacaag gccaacggca gcgccgtgtg cgaagcggcc cacctggggc 360 tgtggaaggc gtgcaccaag cggctgtggc aggcggacgt gcccgtggac agggacacct 420.
gcggccccgc ggagctgccc ggagaagcaa actgcaccta ttttaaattc ttcaccacgg 480 gggagaatgc acgcatcttt cagagaacca caaagaaaga ggtgaatctg gcagctgcgg 540 tgatagcagt gctgggcctg gcagtcatgg ccttggggtg cctctgtatc atcatggtgc 600 tcagtaaagg tgcagagttc ctgctccgag ttggagccgt ctgctttggc ctctcaggcc 660 tgctgctctt ggtgagcctg gaggtgttcc ggcattcegt gagggccctg ctgcagagag 720 tcagcccgga gcctcccccg gccccacgcc tcacctacga gtactcctgg tccctgggct 780 gcggcgtggg ggccggcctg atcctgctgt tgggggccgg ctgctttctg ctgctcacac 840 tgccttcctg gccctggggg tccctctgtc ccaagcgggg gcaccgggcc acctag 896 <310> 30 <311> 2080 <212> DNA
<213> Homo sapiens <220>
<231> misc_feature <~23> Incyte ID No: 7472589CB1 <400> 30 gaaaggagcg cttccccgga ctcggctcgg ctccgaggct ccgaagccga cgccgccagc 60 tcagccccgg gggcgggagc aggactgccc gcacagcccg cacctaggag gcgccgatcc 120 cgaacgcctc atgggacgcc cccgggggct ctctccacgc cttgctgccg cgtcccggtc 180 ctaggcgccc gggatccacg gcccaccccg cccgcagccc gcggcctgtc tggagaggag 240 tatgaggccc ggggccccgc ggacgccggc caccgggcgg cagggcgcct agctgcggag 300 CCCCgCgCCC gagagcggcg ggtaaggagc cgcgggagcc ggcgaggcgt cggggcgcgc 360 agaggagcgc ccctgccccg ggcacccgct gggccacggg actcgcgtgt ggcctgagcg 420 ccggggagga ggcggaggcg cccctctgtc cgggctctgg gaaggcgacg aggggctctg 480 cgaaggcggc gaggggctcc gcggcggccc cggacccctg gccaccatcc tcacgctcct 540 gctcccgccg gggggatgtc gtggcccggg ccccgagcgc cgccccggcc ccggggctga 600 gctccggacc atgtcctccc gcagcccccg gcccccgccc cgccgtagcc gccgccgcct 660 gccgcgcccc tcctgctgct gctgctgctg ccgccgttcg cacctcaacg aggacaccgg 720 ccgcttcgtg ctgctggcgg cgctcatcgg cctctacctg gtggcgggtg ccacagtctt 780 ctcggcgctc gagagccccg gcgaggcgga ggcgcgggcg cgctggggcg ccacgctgcg 840 caacttcagc gctgcgcacg gcgtggccga gccagagctg cgcgccttcc tccggcacta 900 cgaggccgcg ctggccgccg gcgtccgcgc cgacgcgctg cgcccgcgct gggacttccc 960 cggcgccttc tacttcgtgg gcaccgtggt gtcaaccata gtgagggaag aaagcccacc 1020 tctggcgctc accccgggcc gcctgtgctc caacactggc cggctctgtg atctgacctt 1080 taagagttac atcaatattg ccaaagaaca ggagcaccca gcaatacagc agagcttccc 1140 acgggtttct acagtgtctt cagagaaccg caaggagggt ttcggcatga ccacccccgc 1300 gacggtgggc gggaaggcct tcctcatcgc ctacgggctg ttcggctgcg ctgggaccat 1260 cctgttcttc aacctcttcc tggagcgcat catctcgctg ctggccttca tcatgcgcgc 1320 ctgccgggag cgccagctgc gccgcagcgg cctgctgccc gccaccttcc gccgcggctc 1380 cgcgctctcg gaggccgaca gcctggcggg ctggaagccc tcggtgtacc acgtgctgct 1440 catcctgggc ctgttcgccg tgctgctgtc ctgctgcgcc tcggccatgt acaccagcgt 1500 ggagggctgg gactacgtgg actcgctcta cttctgcttc gtcaccttca gcaccatcgg 1560 cttcggggac ctggtgagca gccagcacgc cgcctaccgg aaccaggggc tctaccgcct 1620 gggcaacttc ctcttcatcc tgctcggcgt gtgctgcatt tactcgctct tcaacgtcat 1680 ctccatcctc atcaagcagg tgctcaactg gatgctgcgc aagctgagct gccgctgctg 1740 cgcgcgctgc tgcccggctc ctggcgcgcc cctggcccgg cgcaatgcca tcaccccagg 1800 ctcccggctg cgccgccgcc tggccgcgct cggtgccgac cccgcggccc gcgacagcga 1860 cgccgagggc cgccgcctct cgggcgagct catctccatg cgcgacctca cggcctccaa 1920 caaggtgtcg ctggcgctgc tgcagaagca gctgtcggag acggccaacg gctacccgcg 1980 cagcgtgtgc gtcaacacgc gccagaacgg cttctcgggc ggcgtgggcg cgctgggcat 2040 catgaacaac cggctggccg agaccagcgc ctccaggtag 2080

Claims (74)

What is claimed is:

1. An isolated polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, b) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90%
identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ
ID NO:1, SEQ ID
NO:4 and SEQ ID NO:6-15, c) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 92%
identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, d) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96%
identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, e) a naturally occurring polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 99%
identical to the. amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, f) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, and g) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15.

2. An isolated polypeptide of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15.

3. An isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of claim 1.

4. An isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of claim 2.

5. An isolated polynucleotide of claim 4 selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:16-30.

6. A recombinant polynucleotide comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to a polynucleotide of claim 3.

7. A cell transformed with a recombinant polynucleotide of claim 6.

8. A transgenic organism comprising a recombinant polynucleotide of claim 6.

9. A method for producing a polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising:
a) culturing a cell under conditions suitable for expression of the polypeptide, wherein said cell is transformed with a recombinant polynucleotide, and said recombinant polynucleotide comprises a promoter sequence operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of claim 1, and b) recovering the polypeptide so expressed.

10. An isolated antibody which specifically binds to a polypeptide of claim 1.

11. An isolated polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of:
a) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:16-30, b) a naturally occurring polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence at least 90%
identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:16-30, c) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of a), d) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide of b), and e) an RNA equivalent of a)-d).

12. An isolated polynucleotide comprising at least 60 contiguous nucleotides of a polynucleotide of claim 11.

13. A method for detecting a target polynucleotide in a sample, said target polynucleotide having a sequence of a polynucleotide of claim 11, the method comprising:
a) hybridizing the sample with a probe comprising at least 20 contiguous nucleotides comprising a sequence complementary to said target polynucleotide in the sample, and which probe specifically hybridizes to said target polynucleotide, under conditions whereby a hybridization complex is formed between said probe and said target polynucleotide or fragments thereof, and b) detecting the presence or absence of said hybridization complex, and, optionally, if present, the amount thereof.

14. A method of claim 13, wherein the probe comprises at least 60 contiguous nucleotides.

15. A method for detecting a target polynucleotide in a sample, said target polynucleotide having a sequence of a polynucleotide of claim 11, the method comprising:
a) amplifying said target polynucleotide or fragment thereof using polymerase chain reaction amplification, and b) detecting the. presence or absence. of said amplified target polynucleotide or fragment thereof, and, optionally, if present, the amount thereof.

16. A composition comprising a polypeptide of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

17. A composition of claim 16, wherein the polypeptide has an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15.

18. A method for treating a disease or condition associated with decreased expression of functional TRICH, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment the composition of claim 16.

19. A method for screening a compound for effectiveness as an agonist of a polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising:
a) exposing a sample comprising a polypeptide. of claim 1 to a compound, and b) detecting agonist activity in the sample.

20. A composition comprising an agonist compound identified by a method of claim 19 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

21. A method for treating a disease or condition associated with decreased expression of functional TRICH, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a composition of claim 20.

22. A method for screening a compound for effectiveness as an antagonist of a polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising:
a) exposing a sample comprising a polypeptide of claim 1 to a compound, and b) detecting antagonist activity in the sample.

23. A composition comprising an antagonist compound identified by a method of claim 22 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

24. A method for treating a disease or condition associated with overexpression of functional TRICH, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a composition of claim 23.

25. A method of screening for a compound that specifically binds to the polypeptide of claim 1, said method comprising the steps of:
a) combining the polypeptide of claim 1 with at least one test compound under suitable conditions, and b) detecting binding of the polypeptide of claim 1 to the test compound, thereby identifying a compound that specifically binds to the polypeptide of claim 1.

26. A method of screening for a compound that modulates the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1, said method comprising:
a) combining the polypeptide of claim 1 with at least one test compound under conditions permissive for the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1, b) assessing the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1 in the presence of the test compound, and c) comparing the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1 in the presence of the test compound with the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1 in the absence of the test compound, wherein a change in the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1 in the presence of the test compound is indicative of a compound that modulates the activity of the polypeptide of claim 1.

27. A method for screening a compound fur effectiveness in altering expression of a target polynucleotide, wherein said target polynucleotide comprises a sequence of claim 5, the method comprising:
a) exposing a sample comprising the target polynucleotide to a compound, under conditions suitable. for the expression of the target polynucleotide, b) detecting altered expression of the target polynucleotide, and c) comparing the expression of the target polynucleotide in the presence of varying amounts of the compound and in the absence of the. compound.

28. A method for assessing toxicity of a test compound, said method comprising:
a) treating a biological sample containing nucleic acids with the test compound;

b) hybridizing the nucleic acids of the treated biological sample with a probe comprising at least 20 contiguous nucleotides of a polynucleotide of claim 11 under conditions whereby a specific hybridization complex is formed between said probe and a target polynucleotide in the biological sample, said target polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide of claim 11 or fragment thereof;
c) quantifying the amount of hybridization complex; and d) comparing the amount of hybridization complex in the treated biological sample with the amount of hybridization complex in an untreated biological sample, wherein a difference. in the amount of hybridization complex in the treated biological sample is indicative of toxicity of the test compound.

29. A diagnostic test for a condition or disease associated with the expression of TRICH in a biological sample comprising the steps of:
a) combining the biological sample with an antibody of claim 10, under conditions suitable for the antibody to bind the polypeptide and form an antibody:polypeptide complex; and b) detecting the complex, wherein the presence of the. complex correlates with the presence of the polypeptide in the biological sample.

30. The antibody of claim 10, wherein the antibody is:
a) a chimeric antibody, b) a single chain antibody, c) a Fab fragment, d) a F(ab')2 fragment, or e) a humanized antibody.

31. A composition comprising an antibody of claim 10 and an acceptable excipient.

32. A method of diagnosing a condition or disease associated with the expression of TRICH
in a subject, comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of the composition of claim 31.

33. A composition of claim 31, wherein the antibody is labeled.

34. A method of diagnosing a condition or disease associated with the expression of TRICH

in a subject, comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of the composition of claim 33.

35. A method of preparing a polyclonal antibody with the specificity of the antibody of claim comprising:
a) immunizing an animal with a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence.
selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, or an immunogenic fragment thereof, under conditions to elicit an antibody response;
b) isolating antibodies from said animal; and c) screening the isolated antibodies with the polypeptide, thereby identifying a polyclonal antibody which binds specifically to a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15.

36. An antibody produced by a method of claim 35.

37. A composition comprising the antibody of claim 36 and a suitable carrier.

38. A method of making a monoclonal antibody with the specificity of the antibody of claim 10 comprising:
a) immunizing an animal with a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15, or an immunogenic fragment thereof, under conditions to elicit an antibody response;
b) isolating antibody producing cells from the animal;
c) fusing the antibody producing cells with immortalized cells to form monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells;
d) culturing the hybridoma cells; and e) isolating from the culture monoclonal antibody which binds specifically to a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NO:1-15.

39. A monoclonal antibody produced by a method of claim 38.

40. A composition comprising the antibody of claim 39 and a suitable carrier.

41. The antibody of claim 10, wherein the antibody is produced by screening a Fab expression library.

42. The antibody of claim 10, wherein the antibody is produced by screening a recombinant immunoglobulin library.

43. A method for detecting a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15 in a sample, comprising the steps of:
a) incubating the antibody of claim 10 with a sample under conditions to allow specific binding of the antibody and the polypeptide; and b) detecting specific binding, wherein specific binding indicates the presence of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15 in the sample.

44. A method of purifying a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15 from a sample, the method comprising:
a) incubating the antibody of claim 10 with a sample under conditions to allow specific binding of the antibody and the polypeptide; and b) separating the antibody from the sample and obtaining the purified polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-15.

45. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:1.

46. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:2.

47. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:3.

48. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:4.

49. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:5.

50. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:6.

51. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:7.

52. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:8.

53. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:9.

54. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:10.

55. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence. of SEQ ID
NO:11.

56. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:12.

57. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:13.

58. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:14.

59. A polypeptide of claim 1, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:15.

60. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:16.

61. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:17.

62. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:18.

63. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:19.

64. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:20.

65. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:21.

66. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:22.

67. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:23.

68. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:24.

69. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:25.

70. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:26.

71. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:27.

72. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide. sequence of SEQ ID
NO:28.

73. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:29.

74. A polynucleotide of claim 11, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID
NO:30.