CA2403738C - Electromagnetic hydrogen generation method and system - Google Patents
Electromagnetic hydrogen generation method and system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2403738C CA2403738C CA002403738A CA2403738A CA2403738C CA 2403738 C CA2403738 C CA 2403738C CA 002403738 A CA002403738 A CA 002403738A CA 2403738 A CA2403738 A CA 2403738A CA 2403738 C CA2403738 C CA 2403738C
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- gaseous
- hydrogen
- electromagnetic
- wave source
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0875—Gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
.cndot. A hydrogen generation method comprises the steps of storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure, vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia, generating electromagnetic radiation, and dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 .fwdarw. N2 + 3 H2 .cndot. A
hydrogen generator comprises an ammonia tank, an ammonia vapouriser, an electromagnetic wave source, and an electromagnetic dissociator. Preferably, the electromagnetic wave source generates electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum, at wavelengths shorter than 254 nm. The electromagnetic wave source may be a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp or an excimer lamp.
This invention relates to hydrogen generators, and the principal use of the invention is for fuel-cell vehicles.
hydrogen generator comprises an ammonia tank, an ammonia vapouriser, an electromagnetic wave source, and an electromagnetic dissociator. Preferably, the electromagnetic wave source generates electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum, at wavelengths shorter than 254 nm. The electromagnetic wave source may be a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp or an excimer lamp.
This invention relates to hydrogen generators, and the principal use of the invention is for fuel-cell vehicles.
Description
Description Title = Electromagnetic Hydrogen Generation Method and System Technical Field = This invention relates to hydrogen generators, more particularly to a hydrogen generator which uses electromagnetic waves.
Background Art = There are many instances where it would be desirable to be able to provide a hydrogen generator which uses ammonia fuel as a high-density hydrogen carrier.
= Compared to other candidate fuels for fuel-cell vehicles, such as pure hydrogen (H2) and methanol (CH30H), ammonia (NH3) has advantages in energy density (high) and fire safety (non-flammable), among others. In addition, an ammonia fuel-cell system has superior environmental performance to a methanol fuel cell system because the exhaust contains not CO2 (greenhouse gas) or CO (toxic gas) but N2 (inert gas).
Moreover, ammonia is naturally found (e.g., urine), and is a household cleaning product (e.g., Windex (Trade Mark)).
Furthermore, ammonia is a liquid at modest pressures, not unlike propane. Therefore, high hydrogen content is possible in a relatively small volume. As for toxicity, the smell of ammonia will prevent people from drinking it.
= Because ammonia (NH3) can be decomposed easily to yield hydrogen (H2), it is a convenient portable source of atomic hydrogen for welding. If an atom or molecule absorbs energy from a beam of light (E = hv), it gains far more energy than it ever could by other methods (e.g., from ordinary heating).
= A number of patents disclose hydrogen generators.
= U.S. Patent 6 245 309 discloses "Method and devices for producing hydrogen by plasma reformer".
= U.S. Patent 6 274 093 discloses "Self-regulating hydrogen generator".
= These prior art arrangements do not provide a hydrogen generator which uses electromagnetic waves to generate hydrogen (H2) from ammonia (NH3).
Description of the Invention = It is a primary object of the invention to provide a hydrogen generator which uses liquid anhydrous ammonia (NH3) as a fuel.
= It is another object of the invention to provide a hydrogen generator which dissociates ammonia (NH3) to generate hydrogen (H2).
= It is another object of the invention to provide a hydrogen generator which uses electromagnetic waves to crack ammonia (NH3)=
= A hydrogen generation method comprises the steps of storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure, vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia, generating electromagnetic radiation, and dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2. A
hydrogen generator comprises an ammonia tank, an ammonia vapouriser, an electromagnetic wave source, and an electromagnetic dissociator. Preferably, the electromagnetic wave source generates electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum, at wavelengths shorter than 254 nm. The electromagnetic wave source may be a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp or an excimer lamp.
Brief Description of the Figures in the Drawings = In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention:
o Figure 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of an electromagnetic hydrogen generation method according to the invention;
o Figure 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an electromagnetic hydrogen generation system according to the invention; and o Figure 3 is a sectional view of one embodiment of an electromagnetic dissociator according to the invention.
Modes for Carrying Out the Invention = According to the present invention shown in the flow chart of Figure 1, a hydrogen generation method for feeding fuel cells comprises the steps of storing anhydrous ammonia fuel 1-1 in liquid phase under pressure, vapourising the liquid ammonia 1-2 into gaseous ammonia, generating electromagnetic radiation 1-3, and dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) 1-4 into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2.
= The hydrogen generation method may further comprise the step of removing residual ammonia (NH3) 1-5 from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
= The hydrogen generation method may further comprise the step of removing nitrogen (N2) 1-6 from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
= Preferably, the electromagnetic radiation in the hydrogen generation method is in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum, at wavelengths shorter than 254 nm.
= According to the present invention shown in the block diagram of Figure 2, a hydrogen generation system for feeding fuel cells comprises an ammonia tank 2-1 for storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure, an ammonia vapouriser 2-2 for vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia, an electromagnetic wave source 2-3 for generating electromagnetic radiation, and an electromagnetic dissociator 2-4 for dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula:
2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2.
= The hydrogen generation system may further comprise an ammonia remover 2-5 for removing residual ammonia (NH3) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2)=
= The hydrogen generation system may further comprise a nitrogen remover 2-6 for removing nitrogen (N2) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
= The endothermic reaction of the ammonia vapouriser 2-2 may provide cooling for the electromagnetic wave source of the hydrogen generation system.
= Preferably, the electromagnetic wave source 2-3 generates electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum, at wavelengths shorter than 254 nm.
= The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may be a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp with a noble gas such as xenon (Xe), krypton (Kr) or argon (Ar). The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may be an excimer lamp with a noble gas such as xenon (Xe), krypton (Kr) or argon (Ar).
= The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may comprise an electronic control gear (ECG) for pulsed operation. The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may comprise a radio-frequency (RF) exciter for radio-frequency excitation.
= The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may be a high-efficiency ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) made of semiconductors with wide band-gap energy, such as gallium nitride (GaN) or aluminum nitride (A1N). The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may be a high-efficiency ultraviolet semiconductor laser diode (LD) made of semiconductors with wide band-gap energy, such as gallium nitride (GaN) or aluminum nitride (A1N).
= Figure 3 shows a sectional view of one embodiment of an electromagnetic dissociator. The electromagnetic dissociator comprises a flow-through fluid channel 3-1, an ultraviolet-transparent window 3-4, and an electromagnetic wave source 3-5.
= The flow-through fluid channel 3-1 has a middle portion, an inner surface, an inlet port 3-2 for inflow of gaseous ammonia (NH3), and an outlet port 3-3 for outflow of a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
= The ultraviolet-transparent window 3-4 is securely attached to the middle portion of the flow-through fluid channel 3-1.
= The electromagnetic wave source 3-5 generates electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum.
= The electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic wave source 3-5 is capable of irradiating inside the flow-through fluid channel 3-1 in order to dissociate gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) according to formula: 2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2.
Background Art = There are many instances where it would be desirable to be able to provide a hydrogen generator which uses ammonia fuel as a high-density hydrogen carrier.
= Compared to other candidate fuels for fuel-cell vehicles, such as pure hydrogen (H2) and methanol (CH30H), ammonia (NH3) has advantages in energy density (high) and fire safety (non-flammable), among others. In addition, an ammonia fuel-cell system has superior environmental performance to a methanol fuel cell system because the exhaust contains not CO2 (greenhouse gas) or CO (toxic gas) but N2 (inert gas).
Moreover, ammonia is naturally found (e.g., urine), and is a household cleaning product (e.g., Windex (Trade Mark)).
Furthermore, ammonia is a liquid at modest pressures, not unlike propane. Therefore, high hydrogen content is possible in a relatively small volume. As for toxicity, the smell of ammonia will prevent people from drinking it.
= Because ammonia (NH3) can be decomposed easily to yield hydrogen (H2), it is a convenient portable source of atomic hydrogen for welding. If an atom or molecule absorbs energy from a beam of light (E = hv), it gains far more energy than it ever could by other methods (e.g., from ordinary heating).
= A number of patents disclose hydrogen generators.
= U.S. Patent 6 245 309 discloses "Method and devices for producing hydrogen by plasma reformer".
= U.S. Patent 6 274 093 discloses "Self-regulating hydrogen generator".
= These prior art arrangements do not provide a hydrogen generator which uses electromagnetic waves to generate hydrogen (H2) from ammonia (NH3).
Description of the Invention = It is a primary object of the invention to provide a hydrogen generator which uses liquid anhydrous ammonia (NH3) as a fuel.
= It is another object of the invention to provide a hydrogen generator which dissociates ammonia (NH3) to generate hydrogen (H2).
= It is another object of the invention to provide a hydrogen generator which uses electromagnetic waves to crack ammonia (NH3)=
= A hydrogen generation method comprises the steps of storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure, vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia, generating electromagnetic radiation, and dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2. A
hydrogen generator comprises an ammonia tank, an ammonia vapouriser, an electromagnetic wave source, and an electromagnetic dissociator. Preferably, the electromagnetic wave source generates electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum, at wavelengths shorter than 254 nm. The electromagnetic wave source may be a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp or an excimer lamp.
Brief Description of the Figures in the Drawings = In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention:
o Figure 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of an electromagnetic hydrogen generation method according to the invention;
o Figure 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an electromagnetic hydrogen generation system according to the invention; and o Figure 3 is a sectional view of one embodiment of an electromagnetic dissociator according to the invention.
Modes for Carrying Out the Invention = According to the present invention shown in the flow chart of Figure 1, a hydrogen generation method for feeding fuel cells comprises the steps of storing anhydrous ammonia fuel 1-1 in liquid phase under pressure, vapourising the liquid ammonia 1-2 into gaseous ammonia, generating electromagnetic radiation 1-3, and dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) 1-4 into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2.
= The hydrogen generation method may further comprise the step of removing residual ammonia (NH3) 1-5 from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
= The hydrogen generation method may further comprise the step of removing nitrogen (N2) 1-6 from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
= Preferably, the electromagnetic radiation in the hydrogen generation method is in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum, at wavelengths shorter than 254 nm.
= According to the present invention shown in the block diagram of Figure 2, a hydrogen generation system for feeding fuel cells comprises an ammonia tank 2-1 for storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure, an ammonia vapouriser 2-2 for vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia, an electromagnetic wave source 2-3 for generating electromagnetic radiation, and an electromagnetic dissociator 2-4 for dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula:
2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2.
= The hydrogen generation system may further comprise an ammonia remover 2-5 for removing residual ammonia (NH3) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2)=
= The hydrogen generation system may further comprise a nitrogen remover 2-6 for removing nitrogen (N2) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
= The endothermic reaction of the ammonia vapouriser 2-2 may provide cooling for the electromagnetic wave source of the hydrogen generation system.
= Preferably, the electromagnetic wave source 2-3 generates electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum, at wavelengths shorter than 254 nm.
= The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may be a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp with a noble gas such as xenon (Xe), krypton (Kr) or argon (Ar). The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may be an excimer lamp with a noble gas such as xenon (Xe), krypton (Kr) or argon (Ar).
= The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may comprise an electronic control gear (ECG) for pulsed operation. The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may comprise a radio-frequency (RF) exciter for radio-frequency excitation.
= The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may be a high-efficiency ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) made of semiconductors with wide band-gap energy, such as gallium nitride (GaN) or aluminum nitride (A1N). The electromagnetic wave source 2-3 of the hydrogen generation system may be a high-efficiency ultraviolet semiconductor laser diode (LD) made of semiconductors with wide band-gap energy, such as gallium nitride (GaN) or aluminum nitride (A1N).
= Figure 3 shows a sectional view of one embodiment of an electromagnetic dissociator. The electromagnetic dissociator comprises a flow-through fluid channel 3-1, an ultraviolet-transparent window 3-4, and an electromagnetic wave source 3-5.
= The flow-through fluid channel 3-1 has a middle portion, an inner surface, an inlet port 3-2 for inflow of gaseous ammonia (NH3), and an outlet port 3-3 for outflow of a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
= The ultraviolet-transparent window 3-4 is securely attached to the middle portion of the flow-through fluid channel 3-1.
= The electromagnetic wave source 3-5 generates electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum.
= The electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic wave source 3-5 is capable of irradiating inside the flow-through fluid channel 3-1 in order to dissociate gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) according to formula: 2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2.
Claims (8)
1. A hydrogen generation method for feeding fuel cells, comprising the steps of:
~ storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure;
~ vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia;
~ generating electromagnetic radiation in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of electromagnetic spectrum, the electromagnetic radiation having wavelength between 200 nm and 10 nm;
~ dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 .fwdarw .N2 + 3 H2;
~ removing residual ammonia (NH3) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2); and ~ removing nitrogen (N2) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
~ storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure;
~ vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia;
~ generating electromagnetic radiation in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of electromagnetic spectrum, the electromagnetic radiation having wavelength between 200 nm and 10 nm;
~ dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 .fwdarw .N2 + 3 H2;
~ removing residual ammonia (NH3) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2); and ~ removing nitrogen (N2) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
2. A hydrogen generation system for feeding fuel cells, comprising:
~ an ammonia tank for storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure;
~ an ammonia vapouriser for vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia;
~ an electromagnetic wave source for generating electromagnetic radiation in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of electromagnetic spectrum, the electromagnetic radiation having wavelength between 200 nm and 10 nm;
~ an electromagnetic dissociator for dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 .fwdarw. N2 + 3 H2;
~ an ammonia remover for removing residual ammonia (NH3) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2); and ~ a nitrogen remover for removing nitrogen (N2) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
~ an ammonia tank for storing anhydrous ammonia fuel in liquid phase under pressure;
~ an ammonia vapouriser for vapourising the liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia;
~ an electromagnetic wave source for generating electromagnetic radiation in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of electromagnetic spectrum, the electromagnetic radiation having wavelength between 200 nm and 10 nm;
~ an electromagnetic dissociator for dissociating gaseous ammonia (NH3) into a mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2) by means of the electromagnetic radiation according to formula: 2 NH3 .fwdarw. N2 + 3 H2;
~ an ammonia remover for removing residual ammonia (NH3) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2); and ~ a nitrogen remover for removing nitrogen (N2) from the mixture of gaseous nitrogen (N2) and gaseous hydrogen (H2).
3. A hydrogen generation system as defined in claim 2, in which endothermic reaction of the ammonia vapouriser provides cooling for the electromagnetic wave source.
4. A hydrogen generation system as defined in claim 2, in which the electromagnetic wave source is a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp.
5. A hydrogen generation system as defined in claim 2, in which the electromagnetic wave source is an excimer lamp.
6. A hydrogen generation system as defined in claim 2, in which the electromagnetic wave source comprises an electronic control gear (ECG).
7. A hydrogen generation system as defined in claim 2, in which the electromagnetic wave source is a ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED).
8. A hydrogen generation system as defined in claim 2, in which the electromagnetic wave source is a ultraviolet semiconductor laser diode (LD).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002403738A CA2403738C (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2002-09-27 | Electromagnetic hydrogen generation method and system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002403738A CA2403738C (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2002-09-27 | Electromagnetic hydrogen generation method and system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2403738A1 CA2403738A1 (en) | 2004-03-27 |
| CA2403738C true CA2403738C (en) | 2008-11-18 |
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ID=32181841
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002403738A Expired - Fee Related CA2403738C (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2002-09-27 | Electromagnetic hydrogen generation method and system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2403738C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITPG20060028A1 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2006-07-18 | Leonardo Valentini | EQUIPMENT FOR THE THERMO-PHYSICAL CATALYTIC DETACHMENT OF THE LIQUID AMMONIA IN THE NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN CONSTITUENTS IN THE GASEOUS STATE |
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2002
- 2002-09-27 CA CA002403738A patent/CA2403738C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CA2403738A1 (en) | 2004-03-27 |
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