CA2402580C - Insulating concrete form system - Google Patents
Insulating concrete form system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2402580C CA2402580C CA002402580A CA2402580A CA2402580C CA 2402580 C CA2402580 C CA 2402580C CA 002402580 A CA002402580 A CA 002402580A CA 2402580 A CA2402580 A CA 2402580A CA 2402580 C CA2402580 C CA 2402580C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- panels
- flanges
- tie
- web
- concrete form
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
A concrete form foam block, of an Insulating Concrete Form System, comprises a pair of opposed and parallel foam panels spaced using a plurality of plastic ties. Each tie comprises full panel height flanges which engage the panels and a web portion extending therebetween. The web comprises a plurality of horizontal members, preferably four or more, which are distributed substantially along the full height of the flanges. The web includes a pair of full height anti-flash members for preventing the escape of flash during formation of mould-in panels. The top edges and bottom edges of each panel are formed with longitudinal tongues and grooves which interlock with adjacent blocks. Preferably additional transverse top tongues and complementary bottom grooves are located at each tie, forcing the alignment of vertically adjacent block's flanges. The combination of full height and aligned flanges results in a substantially continuous flange for the attachment of finishing materials. Preferably, indicia are provided, seen from the outside of the panel, for locating the position of the flanges. The same tie can be used in both a moulded-in or a slide-in configuration. Slide-in panels are formed with "T"-shaped slots amenable to accept the flanges of the ties.
Description
1 "INSULATING CONCRETE FORM SYSTEM"
4 The present invention relates to concrete construction utilizing foam block forms, more specifically to improvements to the foam panels, panel spacing ties and the fi interaction of the ties with the foam panels.
9 Insulating Concrete Form Systems ("ICFS") are known which act as a form to contain the fluid concrete while it solidifies, and also provide insulation for the finished 11 structure. ICFS utilise a plurality of individual units or blocks, assembled in an interlocking 12 arrangement, to create the forms for the concrete walls. Each block comprises a pair of 13 foamed plastic panels, which are held together with a plurality of ties.
14 The ties are truss-like and comprise flange portions which reside within the foam panels and an intermediate web portion connecting the flange portions, thus securing 16 and holding the panel portions. One such example is disclosed in US Patent No.
17 4,229,920 to Lount, issued October 28, 1980 who teaches use of a block having a multi-18 component tie.
19 More contemporary ICFS designs have implemented ties having integral flanges and web portions. Examples of this construction include US Patent No.
9 Insulating Concrete Form Systems ("ICFS") are known which act as a form to contain the fluid concrete while it solidifies, and also provide insulation for the finished 11 structure. ICFS utilise a plurality of individual units or blocks, assembled in an interlocking 12 arrangement, to create the forms for the concrete walls. Each block comprises a pair of 13 foamed plastic panels, which are held together with a plurality of ties.
14 The ties are truss-like and comprise flange portions which reside within the foam panels and an intermediate web portion connecting the flange portions, thus securing 16 and holding the panel portions. One such example is disclosed in US Patent No.
17 4,229,920 to Lount, issued October 28, 1980 who teaches use of a block having a multi-18 component tie.
19 More contemporary ICFS designs have implemented ties having integral flanges and web portions. Examples of this construction include US Patent No.
5,390,459 21 to Mensen, US Patent No. 4,884,382 to Horobin and US Patent No. 4,731,968 to Obino.
22 In an application to Sparkman in WO 95/23899, an insulated concrete form ("ICF~) block 23 of the post and beam variety is disclosed. Sparkman's tie has flanges which extend to 24 the outside face of the block. The top and bottom extents of the flanges incorporate a hook and catch arrangement to hold vertically adjacent blocks together and avoid lifting 26 or float of vertically stacked blocks.
1 Horobin teaches slide-in ties which have complementary flanges and "T"
2 slots formed in the panels. Each slot extends from the top of the panel to a point just lower 3 than the mid-point. Accordingly, both the tie and the flange portions of the tie are 4 substantially less in height than the panel. The flange itself has an "H"
profile in plan; the outer portion for engaging the panel's "T"-slot, and the inner portion for stabilizing the inner 6 face of the panel. The tie's web comprises three horizontal tension members, joined 7 together at the flanges.
22 In an application to Sparkman in WO 95/23899, an insulated concrete form ("ICF~) block 23 of the post and beam variety is disclosed. Sparkman's tie has flanges which extend to 24 the outside face of the block. The top and bottom extents of the flanges incorporate a hook and catch arrangement to hold vertically adjacent blocks together and avoid lifting 26 or float of vertically stacked blocks.
1 Horobin teaches slide-in ties which have complementary flanges and "T"
2 slots formed in the panels. Each slot extends from the top of the panel to a point just lower 3 than the mid-point. Accordingly, both the tie and the flange portions of the tie are 4 substantially less in height than the panel. The flange itself has an "H"
profile in plan; the outer portion for engaging the panel's "T"-slot, and the inner portion for stabilizing the inner 6 face of the panel. The tie's web comprises three horizontal tension members, joined 7 together at the flanges.
8 Obino provides a tie similar to Horobin, but the flanges are moulded into the 9 foam of the panel. Both the web and flanges are substantially shorter than the panels.
The web structure is continuous; lacking any holes.
11 In Mensen, the tie is moulded into the panel with the flange located flush 12 with the outside of the panel. The flange extends substantially the full height of the panel.
13 In side view, the tie resembles an "H", the horizontal dash representing the web portion 14 being much narrower that the flanges. Diagonal gussets extend from the web's midpoint to points adjacent the distal ends of each flange.
16 These above designs result in non-optimal distribution of the hydrostatic 17 stress of the fluid concrete across the narrow central web portion of the tie and in the upper 18 and lower portions of the foam panels. In Horobin and Obino, the foam portion is 19 completely unsupported by the tie at the panel's upper and lower ends. In Mensen, the tips of the flanges are inadequately supported by the gussets. The result is excessive 21 deformation of the top and bottom portions of the foam panels when filled with concrete.
22 This is especially apparent when high vertical concrete lifts (a full; 8' high wall) are poured 23 in a single stage.
1 Mensen, Horobin and Obino permit attachment of interior and exterior 2 surface finishing materials such as drywall or siding to the vertically-oriented flange 3 portions of the ties. Of these three designs, only Mensen provides a flange which extends 4 substantially the full height of the panels and is visible from outside the block for ease of attaching fastening devices.
6 Conventional systems permit vertical misalignment such that the flanges of 7 adjacent blocks are not always aligned vertically. This poses difficulties for installers who 8 need to accurately locate the flanges when attaching finishing materials 9 Within the typical dimensions of building construction there is frequently the need for a half height concrete form block to be used, for example, below and above 11 window openings. Although some ICFS designs provide a custom block having a less-12 than-standard height, none of the existing designs permits a block to cut horizontally in half 13 to create a "half-height" block which continues to provide independently structurally sound 14 characteristics.
In summary, the blocks of conventional systems, as described above, have 16 the following features in common:
17 - a pair of substantially rectangular foamed plastic panels;
18 - two or more ties which extend across the space between panels for 1g securing the panels in opposing, parallel, and spaced orientation, the spacing forming a cavity therebetween for containing the fluid 21 concrete while it solidifies;
22 - the web portions of the ties being substantially less in height than the 23 panels; and 24 - means associated with the edges of the panels for engaging 1 cooperating means on adjacent blocks in order to assemble the 2 complete wail form system.
3 Disadvantages associated with the above systems include:
4 - inadequate support of hydrostatic pressures;
- deficient flange configuration, being either, 6 - that they are too short to provide a convenient support upon 7 which to mechanically fasten finishing materials as in Horobin 8 and Obino, or 9 - that they cause interruption of the integrity of the outer face of the panel, compromising adhesion of surface mount 11 materials like stucco, as is the case in Mensen; and 12 - permitting misalignment of flanges between vertically adjacent 13 blocks, further complicating the mechanical fastening of the finishing 14 materials.
Despite attempts to solve various shortcomings of the conventional blocks, 16 the applicant is not aware of a system which provides sufficient strength to competently 17 support the hydrostatic head of a full-height wall of fresh concrete, and enables convenient 18 attaching of finishing materials.
2 The apparatus of the present invention avoids the structural weaknesses 3 associated with the ties of the prior art and increases the versatility of the ties and blocks.
4 Prior art ties are designed, in part, to accommodate poor concrete placement practice. Practised for many years, one characteristic of low quality concrete 6 mixing and placement practice has been to pour concrete from a minimum number of 7 locations and rely on lateral flow to distribute the concrete along the length of the forms.
8 To facilitate this lateral flow, the concrete was often mixed with an excessively high water 9 content, resulting in poor concrete quality. To further facilitate lateral concrete flow, it has also been traditional practise to minimise the height of the ties inside the forms so as to 11 provide the least obstruction to flow along the form. As described above, this tie design 12 results in a weaker ICFS block.
13 In contradistinction, It is known that concrete should be mixed with the 14 minimum amount of water necessary for proper chemical hydration of the cement. This "low-slump" concrete, which does not readily flow, provides significantly higher ultimate 16 strength and reduces shrinkage and cracking of foundations. Further, modern placement 17 equipment enables vertical placement of concrete into the forms from many closely 18 spaced locations, eliminating the reliance on lateral flow.
19 Accordingly, and contrary to the conventional wisdom, in a first embodiment of the invention, a novel ICFS block is provided having a tie which incorporates flanges 21 which extend substantially the full height of the panels, and have a plurality of horizontal 22 tensile web members which are distributed substantially along the full height of the flanges.
23 The members uniformly resist horizontal forces generated by the fluid concrete acting on 24 the foam panels.
1 According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a concrete form block 2 comprising: a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face, an outer face, top edge, 3 bottom edge, longitudinal end edges and at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each 4 other, each tie extending between the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing, each tie having two flanges and a web extending between the flanges, the 6 flanges being located in the panels between the inner and outer faces of the panels, each 7 flange extending substantially the full height of a panel, the web having a majority of its 8 cross-sectional area comprising open space; and the web comprising plural substantially 9 horizontal members along substantially the full height of the flanges.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a stackable 11 concrete form block, comprising: a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer 12 face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of 13 panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels; at least two ties spaced 14 longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing; each tie formed of a web extending 16 between two flanges, the flanges each having a center and outer edges;
vertical connectors 17 being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least 18 one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent 19 concrete form blocks; and at least one of the panels having markings on the outer face of the panel, the markings identifying the location of the outer edges and center of the flanges of 21 the ties.
23 Acccording to a still further aspect of the invention, there is provided a 1 stackable concrete form block, comprising: a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face 2 and outer face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the 3 pair of panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels; at least two ties 4 spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing; each tie formed of a web 6 extending between two flanges, the web including multiple rebar clips distributed across the 7 web, each rebar clip being formed from two curved arms which are curved towards each 8 other; and vertical connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels 9 and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent concrete form blocks.
11 According to still further aspect of the invention, there is provided a stackable 12 concrete form block, comprising: a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer 13 face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of 14 panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels; at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so 16 as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing; each tie formed of a web extending 17 between two flanges, the web including at least five rebar clips distributed across 18 substantially the full width of the web between the inner faces of the panes; and vertical 19 connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other 21 vertically adjacent concrete form blocks.
1 The tie can be used, without modification, in both a moulded-in or a slide-in 2 tie configuration. Moulded-in tie blocks provide the advantage of avoiding work-site 3 assembly, but are more expensive to ship than are the collapsible, more compact slide-in 4 tie blocks. For a slide-in embodiment, the same tie is utilized as described above, incorporating the full panel-height flanges, full panel height web with two or more horizontal 6 members distributed both above and below the web's mid-point. The panels are formed 7 with "T"-shaped slots amenable to accept the flanges of the ties. As above, 8 complementary transverse tongue and grooves are formed in the respective top and 9 bottom edges of the panels to force the flanges in vertically adjacent blocks to always align.
13 Figure 1 is a perspective view of a single block which incorporates features 14 of the first embodiment of the present invention, including a mould-in tie and inter-block interlocking tongue and grooves;
16 Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are top, front, bottom and end orthographic views 17 respectively of the block of Figure 1;
18 Figure 3 is a perspective view of a tie of the block of Figure 1;
19 Figure 4 is a perspective view of a corner block also incorporating moulded-in ties;
21 Figure 5 is a perspective view of a single block which incorporates features 22 of an embodiment of the present invention which uses slide-in ties;
23 Figure 6 is a partial perspective view taken from area VI of the block of 24 Figure 5, illustrating a "T"-slot for a slide-in tie; and 1 Figure 7 is a perspective view of a plurality of blocks, of either embodiment, 2 assembled for illustration of the vertical alignment of flanges.
Having reference to Figure 1, one block 1 of an Insulating Concrete Form 6 System ("ICFS") is shown. A plurality of blocks 1 are laid adjacent each other, 7 longitudinally end-to-end and vertically row-by-row (Figure 7). For strength, each 8 successive row has the ends of each block offset from the ends of the blocks in the 9 adjacent rows.
In conventional and the novel systems, each block 1 comprises two 11 rectangular foam panels 2 typically formed of expanded polystyrene. Each panel 2 has an 12 outer face 16 and an inner face 17. Two or more ties 3 (six shown) extend transversely 13 between the panel's inner faces 17 to locate the panels 2 in parallel opposed and spaced 14 relation to each other. The ties 3 are spaced longitudinally and parallel to each other along the panels 2.
16 Having reference to Figures 2a through 3, each tie 3 comprises two laterally 17 opposed flange portions 4 and a web portion 5 extending therebetween.
Typically a tie is a 18 unitary plastic structure of high density polyethylene or polypropylene.
19 Each flange 4 engages one of the opposed panels 2 and prevents lateral movement relative to the opposed panel 2.
21 Flanges 4 also serve as a structure to which finishing materials may be 22 secured. Shown in exploded view in Fig. 2a, sheeting material 6 is attached to the flanges 23 4 with mechanical fasteners 7.
1 Thus far, the description of the block of a ICFS is also descriptive of the 2 prior art systems.
3 In a first embodiment of the present invention, a novel ICF System is 4 provided in which novel ties 3 and complementary panels 2 are formed in a moulded-in configuration. The same tie 3 (Figure 3) is also amenable to a slide-in application as 6 disclosed in a further embodiment discussed later.
7 Tie 3 has a web portion 5 and opposing flange portions 4. The flange 4 8 forms a "T"-shape in section. The outermost portion the "T" 8 lies parallel to the plane of 9 the panels 2.
The height of each flange 4 is substantially equal to the full height of the 11 panels 2. As shown in Figure 7, when the ties 3 are aligned with the ties 3 of blocks 1 in 12 adjacent rows, the full-height flanges 4 form a nearly continuous structure 15 upon which 13 to attach and support finishing materials, such as drywall or siding.
14 The flanges 4 are structurally maintained in a spaced apart and parallel relation by the tie's web 5. The web 5 comprises a plurality of members 9 extending 16 horizontally between flanges 4. The horizontal members 9 are distributed vertically 17 between the flange's top 10 and bottom 11. At least two members 9 (3 are shown) are 18 located above the mid-point M of the web, and at least two members 9 (3 shown) below.
19 Should the ICFS block be cut laterally in two or more pieces, at least two horizontal members 9 remain above the cut and at least two members 9 will remain below the cut, 21 thereby providing independent and structurally sound part-height blocks (not shown).
22 Diagonal members 12 in the web provide torsional stiffness.
1 The overall cross-section of the horizontal members 9 is sized to withstand 2 hydrostatic pressure of fluid concrete pressing laterally outwardly on the inner faces 17 3 of the panels 2 without causing excessive panel deflection. Using six plastic ties 3, 4 spaced along a 1-1I3' high x 4' (40x120 cm) long panel, and wherein each tie 3 has six horizontal members 9 which are about 0.25" high (0.6 cm) x 0.20" (0.5 cm) in section, 6 the block's panels 2 can withstand a pressure of a height of eight feet of concrete 7 poured at once.
8 The plurality of members 9 extending between flanges poses a challenge 9 during the moulding process. Along a plane where the inner face 17 of the panel 2 forms, the tie 3 comprises an alternating pattern of members 9 and space 13.
For 11 properly forming foam panels, the moulding equipment must successfully restrain the 12 flow of foam ("flash") about each member 9 to limit its escape.
13 Accordingly, thin flatbar-like anti-flash members 14 extend the height of 14 the web 5 and with their cross-sectional plane lying parallel to the flanges 4. The anti-flash members 14 bridge the open space 13 between members 9 so as to form a 16 continuous barrier. The anti-flash members 14 are non-structural and merely block foam 17 from escaping during the moulding process. The anti-flash members are spaced 18 sufficiently inwardly from each of the flanges so as to cooperate with moulding 19 equipment and align with the inner face 17 of the panel 2. Typically, for a panel thickness of 2-1/2" (6.25 cm), the flange 4 is inset about 3/8" (1 cm)~from the outer face 21 of the foam panel, and the anti-flash 14 members are spaced about 2-1/8"
(5.3 cm) from 22 the flanges. , 23 ° Once moulded-in, the ties 3 and panels 2 form a unitary block 1 of an 24 ICFS.
1 Tongue 20 and grooves 21 are provided at the block's two ends 28,29 to 2 interlock panels 2 together and prevent transverse misalignment. A one end 28 of the 3 block 1, the two ends of the panels 2 have opposing interlocking means 20,21; in other 4 words, the end of one panel forms a tongue 20 and the end of the other forms a groove 21. In this way, full blocks 1 are not restricted to one mode of abutment with adjacent 6 blocks.
7 Longitudinally extending tongues 22 protrude upwardly from the top edge 8 24 of both panels 2. The tongues 22 avoid collecting moisture and ice prior to assembly.
9 Corresponding longitudinal grooves 23 are formed in the bottom edges 25 of the panels for interlocking with the top edge tongues 22 of a lower row of blocks 1.
11 At each longitudinal location of a tie 3, one or more short tongues 26 12 extend transversely from the top tongue 22. These short tongues 26 correspond with 13 short transverse grooves 27 in the block's bottom edge 25. The short tongue 26 and 14 grooves 27 cooperate to longitudinally locate the blocks of one row so that their ties 3 must align vertically with the ties 3 in the adjacent upper and lower rows.
16 The short tongue and grooves 26,27 extend to the outer face 16 of each 17 panel 2 and thus visibly indicate the location of each tie 3 (Fig. 1 ). The tongue and 18 grooves 26,27 are arranged as corresponding pairs. Preferably, two tongue 26,26 and 19 grooves 27,27 are placed in closely-spaced arrangement. As shown in Figs.
2a and 4, the two tongues and grooves of a corresponding pair 26,27 are approximately arranged 21 or straddle the dimensional periphery of the tie 3.
22 ~ Alternatively, indicia lines or embossing is applied to the panel's outer face 23 16 to visibly indicate the location of the tie 3. As shown on Figs. 4 and 7, indicia lines 24 delineate the continuous structure 15 on vertically adjacent blocks 1.
Further, the indicia t can delineate the dimensional extent of the flange 4. Best shown in Fig, 4, indicia 2 15A is formed using an embossing or bas relief formed into the outer face 16 of the 3 panel 2.
4 As shown in Figure 4, the invention is equally well applied to a corner block 40.
6 Moulded-in tie blocks provide the advantage of avoiding work-site assembly.
Unfortunately, such blocks are more expensive to fabricate and occupy more s space and are therefore more costly to ship to remote construction sites.
9 Accordingly, in a second embodiment and having reference to Figure 5, it is to desirable to provide block 30 which uses panels 31 and ties 3 which can be 1 t unassembled to form a more compact shipping unit.
t2 Panels 31 are moulded without ties 3. A plurality of "T" -type slots 32 are is formed in the panels 31. One 'T' slot 32 is provided for each tie 3. The ties 3 are t4 identical with those described for the first embodiment. Each slot 32 extends from is the top edge 33 of the panel 31 to a point 34 adjacent the bottom edge 35 of the t6 panel so as to accommodate the height of the tie's web 5.
t~ Referring to Figure 6, the outermost portion 36 of each "T" slot 32 is aligned is longitudinally with the panel 31. The stem 37 of the "T" extends to the inner face of t9 the panel 31.
2o The outermost portion 8 of the tie's flanges 4 (Fig. 3) slide into each "T"
slot.
2t The depth of the "T" slot 32 in the body of the panel 31 is coordinated with the tie's 22 flange 4 and anti-flash member 14 so that the anti-flash members 14 do not 23 substantially interfere with the panel 31 itself.
2a The use of a single tie 3 is preferable for both moulded-in and the modular 2s slide-in tie embodiments. The single tie design is cost effective due to both the economies of scale in manufacturing a dual-purpose tie and due to reduced inventory 2 costs.
3 The advantages achieved by the novel tie and panel system include:
4 . the substantially full height web permits use of a plurality of horizontal web members distributed over the height of the flanges for 6 strengthening the flanges against hydrostatic pressures;
7 . full height flanges provide ample area for the attachment of finishing 8 materials;
9 . the forced alignment of flanges across successive rows of blocks ensures ease locating the flanges and installing finishing materials;
11 . provision of two or more horizontal members above and two or more 12 below the tie mid-point permits a block to be cut in two or more pieces 13 ~ for increased versatility in assembly; and 14 . the same tie can be used in both a moulded-in and a slide-in application.
The web structure is continuous; lacking any holes.
11 In Mensen, the tie is moulded into the panel with the flange located flush 12 with the outside of the panel. The flange extends substantially the full height of the panel.
13 In side view, the tie resembles an "H", the horizontal dash representing the web portion 14 being much narrower that the flanges. Diagonal gussets extend from the web's midpoint to points adjacent the distal ends of each flange.
16 These above designs result in non-optimal distribution of the hydrostatic 17 stress of the fluid concrete across the narrow central web portion of the tie and in the upper 18 and lower portions of the foam panels. In Horobin and Obino, the foam portion is 19 completely unsupported by the tie at the panel's upper and lower ends. In Mensen, the tips of the flanges are inadequately supported by the gussets. The result is excessive 21 deformation of the top and bottom portions of the foam panels when filled with concrete.
22 This is especially apparent when high vertical concrete lifts (a full; 8' high wall) are poured 23 in a single stage.
1 Mensen, Horobin and Obino permit attachment of interior and exterior 2 surface finishing materials such as drywall or siding to the vertically-oriented flange 3 portions of the ties. Of these three designs, only Mensen provides a flange which extends 4 substantially the full height of the panels and is visible from outside the block for ease of attaching fastening devices.
6 Conventional systems permit vertical misalignment such that the flanges of 7 adjacent blocks are not always aligned vertically. This poses difficulties for installers who 8 need to accurately locate the flanges when attaching finishing materials 9 Within the typical dimensions of building construction there is frequently the need for a half height concrete form block to be used, for example, below and above 11 window openings. Although some ICFS designs provide a custom block having a less-12 than-standard height, none of the existing designs permits a block to cut horizontally in half 13 to create a "half-height" block which continues to provide independently structurally sound 14 characteristics.
In summary, the blocks of conventional systems, as described above, have 16 the following features in common:
17 - a pair of substantially rectangular foamed plastic panels;
18 - two or more ties which extend across the space between panels for 1g securing the panels in opposing, parallel, and spaced orientation, the spacing forming a cavity therebetween for containing the fluid 21 concrete while it solidifies;
22 - the web portions of the ties being substantially less in height than the 23 panels; and 24 - means associated with the edges of the panels for engaging 1 cooperating means on adjacent blocks in order to assemble the 2 complete wail form system.
3 Disadvantages associated with the above systems include:
4 - inadequate support of hydrostatic pressures;
- deficient flange configuration, being either, 6 - that they are too short to provide a convenient support upon 7 which to mechanically fasten finishing materials as in Horobin 8 and Obino, or 9 - that they cause interruption of the integrity of the outer face of the panel, compromising adhesion of surface mount 11 materials like stucco, as is the case in Mensen; and 12 - permitting misalignment of flanges between vertically adjacent 13 blocks, further complicating the mechanical fastening of the finishing 14 materials.
Despite attempts to solve various shortcomings of the conventional blocks, 16 the applicant is not aware of a system which provides sufficient strength to competently 17 support the hydrostatic head of a full-height wall of fresh concrete, and enables convenient 18 attaching of finishing materials.
2 The apparatus of the present invention avoids the structural weaknesses 3 associated with the ties of the prior art and increases the versatility of the ties and blocks.
4 Prior art ties are designed, in part, to accommodate poor concrete placement practice. Practised for many years, one characteristic of low quality concrete 6 mixing and placement practice has been to pour concrete from a minimum number of 7 locations and rely on lateral flow to distribute the concrete along the length of the forms.
8 To facilitate this lateral flow, the concrete was often mixed with an excessively high water 9 content, resulting in poor concrete quality. To further facilitate lateral concrete flow, it has also been traditional practise to minimise the height of the ties inside the forms so as to 11 provide the least obstruction to flow along the form. As described above, this tie design 12 results in a weaker ICFS block.
13 In contradistinction, It is known that concrete should be mixed with the 14 minimum amount of water necessary for proper chemical hydration of the cement. This "low-slump" concrete, which does not readily flow, provides significantly higher ultimate 16 strength and reduces shrinkage and cracking of foundations. Further, modern placement 17 equipment enables vertical placement of concrete into the forms from many closely 18 spaced locations, eliminating the reliance on lateral flow.
19 Accordingly, and contrary to the conventional wisdom, in a first embodiment of the invention, a novel ICFS block is provided having a tie which incorporates flanges 21 which extend substantially the full height of the panels, and have a plurality of horizontal 22 tensile web members which are distributed substantially along the full height of the flanges.
23 The members uniformly resist horizontal forces generated by the fluid concrete acting on 24 the foam panels.
1 According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a concrete form block 2 comprising: a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face, an outer face, top edge, 3 bottom edge, longitudinal end edges and at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each 4 other, each tie extending between the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing, each tie having two flanges and a web extending between the flanges, the 6 flanges being located in the panels between the inner and outer faces of the panels, each 7 flange extending substantially the full height of a panel, the web having a majority of its 8 cross-sectional area comprising open space; and the web comprising plural substantially 9 horizontal members along substantially the full height of the flanges.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a stackable 11 concrete form block, comprising: a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer 12 face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of 13 panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels; at least two ties spaced 14 longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing; each tie formed of a web extending 16 between two flanges, the flanges each having a center and outer edges;
vertical connectors 17 being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least 18 one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent 19 concrete form blocks; and at least one of the panels having markings on the outer face of the panel, the markings identifying the location of the outer edges and center of the flanges of 21 the ties.
23 Acccording to a still further aspect of the invention, there is provided a 1 stackable concrete form block, comprising: a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face 2 and outer face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the 3 pair of panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels; at least two ties 4 spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing; each tie formed of a web 6 extending between two flanges, the web including multiple rebar clips distributed across the 7 web, each rebar clip being formed from two curved arms which are curved towards each 8 other; and vertical connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels 9 and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent concrete form blocks.
11 According to still further aspect of the invention, there is provided a stackable 12 concrete form block, comprising: a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer 13 face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of 14 panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels; at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so 16 as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing; each tie formed of a web extending 17 between two flanges, the web including at least five rebar clips distributed across 18 substantially the full width of the web between the inner faces of the panes; and vertical 19 connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other 21 vertically adjacent concrete form blocks.
1 The tie can be used, without modification, in both a moulded-in or a slide-in 2 tie configuration. Moulded-in tie blocks provide the advantage of avoiding work-site 3 assembly, but are more expensive to ship than are the collapsible, more compact slide-in 4 tie blocks. For a slide-in embodiment, the same tie is utilized as described above, incorporating the full panel-height flanges, full panel height web with two or more horizontal 6 members distributed both above and below the web's mid-point. The panels are formed 7 with "T"-shaped slots amenable to accept the flanges of the ties. As above, 8 complementary transverse tongue and grooves are formed in the respective top and 9 bottom edges of the panels to force the flanges in vertically adjacent blocks to always align.
13 Figure 1 is a perspective view of a single block which incorporates features 14 of the first embodiment of the present invention, including a mould-in tie and inter-block interlocking tongue and grooves;
16 Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are top, front, bottom and end orthographic views 17 respectively of the block of Figure 1;
18 Figure 3 is a perspective view of a tie of the block of Figure 1;
19 Figure 4 is a perspective view of a corner block also incorporating moulded-in ties;
21 Figure 5 is a perspective view of a single block which incorporates features 22 of an embodiment of the present invention which uses slide-in ties;
23 Figure 6 is a partial perspective view taken from area VI of the block of 24 Figure 5, illustrating a "T"-slot for a slide-in tie; and 1 Figure 7 is a perspective view of a plurality of blocks, of either embodiment, 2 assembled for illustration of the vertical alignment of flanges.
Having reference to Figure 1, one block 1 of an Insulating Concrete Form 6 System ("ICFS") is shown. A plurality of blocks 1 are laid adjacent each other, 7 longitudinally end-to-end and vertically row-by-row (Figure 7). For strength, each 8 successive row has the ends of each block offset from the ends of the blocks in the 9 adjacent rows.
In conventional and the novel systems, each block 1 comprises two 11 rectangular foam panels 2 typically formed of expanded polystyrene. Each panel 2 has an 12 outer face 16 and an inner face 17. Two or more ties 3 (six shown) extend transversely 13 between the panel's inner faces 17 to locate the panels 2 in parallel opposed and spaced 14 relation to each other. The ties 3 are spaced longitudinally and parallel to each other along the panels 2.
16 Having reference to Figures 2a through 3, each tie 3 comprises two laterally 17 opposed flange portions 4 and a web portion 5 extending therebetween.
Typically a tie is a 18 unitary plastic structure of high density polyethylene or polypropylene.
19 Each flange 4 engages one of the opposed panels 2 and prevents lateral movement relative to the opposed panel 2.
21 Flanges 4 also serve as a structure to which finishing materials may be 22 secured. Shown in exploded view in Fig. 2a, sheeting material 6 is attached to the flanges 23 4 with mechanical fasteners 7.
1 Thus far, the description of the block of a ICFS is also descriptive of the 2 prior art systems.
3 In a first embodiment of the present invention, a novel ICF System is 4 provided in which novel ties 3 and complementary panels 2 are formed in a moulded-in configuration. The same tie 3 (Figure 3) is also amenable to a slide-in application as 6 disclosed in a further embodiment discussed later.
7 Tie 3 has a web portion 5 and opposing flange portions 4. The flange 4 8 forms a "T"-shape in section. The outermost portion the "T" 8 lies parallel to the plane of 9 the panels 2.
The height of each flange 4 is substantially equal to the full height of the 11 panels 2. As shown in Figure 7, when the ties 3 are aligned with the ties 3 of blocks 1 in 12 adjacent rows, the full-height flanges 4 form a nearly continuous structure 15 upon which 13 to attach and support finishing materials, such as drywall or siding.
14 The flanges 4 are structurally maintained in a spaced apart and parallel relation by the tie's web 5. The web 5 comprises a plurality of members 9 extending 16 horizontally between flanges 4. The horizontal members 9 are distributed vertically 17 between the flange's top 10 and bottom 11. At least two members 9 (3 are shown) are 18 located above the mid-point M of the web, and at least two members 9 (3 shown) below.
19 Should the ICFS block be cut laterally in two or more pieces, at least two horizontal members 9 remain above the cut and at least two members 9 will remain below the cut, 21 thereby providing independent and structurally sound part-height blocks (not shown).
22 Diagonal members 12 in the web provide torsional stiffness.
1 The overall cross-section of the horizontal members 9 is sized to withstand 2 hydrostatic pressure of fluid concrete pressing laterally outwardly on the inner faces 17 3 of the panels 2 without causing excessive panel deflection. Using six plastic ties 3, 4 spaced along a 1-1I3' high x 4' (40x120 cm) long panel, and wherein each tie 3 has six horizontal members 9 which are about 0.25" high (0.6 cm) x 0.20" (0.5 cm) in section, 6 the block's panels 2 can withstand a pressure of a height of eight feet of concrete 7 poured at once.
8 The plurality of members 9 extending between flanges poses a challenge 9 during the moulding process. Along a plane where the inner face 17 of the panel 2 forms, the tie 3 comprises an alternating pattern of members 9 and space 13.
For 11 properly forming foam panels, the moulding equipment must successfully restrain the 12 flow of foam ("flash") about each member 9 to limit its escape.
13 Accordingly, thin flatbar-like anti-flash members 14 extend the height of 14 the web 5 and with their cross-sectional plane lying parallel to the flanges 4. The anti-flash members 14 bridge the open space 13 between members 9 so as to form a 16 continuous barrier. The anti-flash members 14 are non-structural and merely block foam 17 from escaping during the moulding process. The anti-flash members are spaced 18 sufficiently inwardly from each of the flanges so as to cooperate with moulding 19 equipment and align with the inner face 17 of the panel 2. Typically, for a panel thickness of 2-1/2" (6.25 cm), the flange 4 is inset about 3/8" (1 cm)~from the outer face 21 of the foam panel, and the anti-flash 14 members are spaced about 2-1/8"
(5.3 cm) from 22 the flanges. , 23 ° Once moulded-in, the ties 3 and panels 2 form a unitary block 1 of an 24 ICFS.
1 Tongue 20 and grooves 21 are provided at the block's two ends 28,29 to 2 interlock panels 2 together and prevent transverse misalignment. A one end 28 of the 3 block 1, the two ends of the panels 2 have opposing interlocking means 20,21; in other 4 words, the end of one panel forms a tongue 20 and the end of the other forms a groove 21. In this way, full blocks 1 are not restricted to one mode of abutment with adjacent 6 blocks.
7 Longitudinally extending tongues 22 protrude upwardly from the top edge 8 24 of both panels 2. The tongues 22 avoid collecting moisture and ice prior to assembly.
9 Corresponding longitudinal grooves 23 are formed in the bottom edges 25 of the panels for interlocking with the top edge tongues 22 of a lower row of blocks 1.
11 At each longitudinal location of a tie 3, one or more short tongues 26 12 extend transversely from the top tongue 22. These short tongues 26 correspond with 13 short transverse grooves 27 in the block's bottom edge 25. The short tongue 26 and 14 grooves 27 cooperate to longitudinally locate the blocks of one row so that their ties 3 must align vertically with the ties 3 in the adjacent upper and lower rows.
16 The short tongue and grooves 26,27 extend to the outer face 16 of each 17 panel 2 and thus visibly indicate the location of each tie 3 (Fig. 1 ). The tongue and 18 grooves 26,27 are arranged as corresponding pairs. Preferably, two tongue 26,26 and 19 grooves 27,27 are placed in closely-spaced arrangement. As shown in Figs.
2a and 4, the two tongues and grooves of a corresponding pair 26,27 are approximately arranged 21 or straddle the dimensional periphery of the tie 3.
22 ~ Alternatively, indicia lines or embossing is applied to the panel's outer face 23 16 to visibly indicate the location of the tie 3. As shown on Figs. 4 and 7, indicia lines 24 delineate the continuous structure 15 on vertically adjacent blocks 1.
Further, the indicia t can delineate the dimensional extent of the flange 4. Best shown in Fig, 4, indicia 2 15A is formed using an embossing or bas relief formed into the outer face 16 of the 3 panel 2.
4 As shown in Figure 4, the invention is equally well applied to a corner block 40.
6 Moulded-in tie blocks provide the advantage of avoiding work-site assembly.
Unfortunately, such blocks are more expensive to fabricate and occupy more s space and are therefore more costly to ship to remote construction sites.
9 Accordingly, in a second embodiment and having reference to Figure 5, it is to desirable to provide block 30 which uses panels 31 and ties 3 which can be 1 t unassembled to form a more compact shipping unit.
t2 Panels 31 are moulded without ties 3. A plurality of "T" -type slots 32 are is formed in the panels 31. One 'T' slot 32 is provided for each tie 3. The ties 3 are t4 identical with those described for the first embodiment. Each slot 32 extends from is the top edge 33 of the panel 31 to a point 34 adjacent the bottom edge 35 of the t6 panel so as to accommodate the height of the tie's web 5.
t~ Referring to Figure 6, the outermost portion 36 of each "T" slot 32 is aligned is longitudinally with the panel 31. The stem 37 of the "T" extends to the inner face of t9 the panel 31.
2o The outermost portion 8 of the tie's flanges 4 (Fig. 3) slide into each "T"
slot.
2t The depth of the "T" slot 32 in the body of the panel 31 is coordinated with the tie's 22 flange 4 and anti-flash member 14 so that the anti-flash members 14 do not 23 substantially interfere with the panel 31 itself.
2a The use of a single tie 3 is preferable for both moulded-in and the modular 2s slide-in tie embodiments. The single tie design is cost effective due to both the economies of scale in manufacturing a dual-purpose tie and due to reduced inventory 2 costs.
3 The advantages achieved by the novel tie and panel system include:
4 . the substantially full height web permits use of a plurality of horizontal web members distributed over the height of the flanges for 6 strengthening the flanges against hydrostatic pressures;
7 . full height flanges provide ample area for the attachment of finishing 8 materials;
9 . the forced alignment of flanges across successive rows of blocks ensures ease locating the flanges and installing finishing materials;
11 . provision of two or more horizontal members above and two or more 12 below the tie mid-point permits a block to be cut in two or more pieces 13 ~ for increased versatility in assembly; and 14 . the same tie can be used in both a moulded-in and a slide-in application.
Claims (5)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A concrete form block comprising:
a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face, an outer face, top edge, bottom edge, longitudinal end edges and at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing, each tie having two flanges and a web extending between the flanges, the flanges being located in the panels between the inner and outer faces of the panels, each flange extending substantially the full height of a panel, the web having a majority of its cross-sectional area comprising open space; and the web comprising plural substantially horizontal members along substantially the full height of the flanges.
a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face, an outer face, top edge, bottom edge, longitudinal end edges and at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing, each tie having two flanges and a web extending between the flanges, the flanges being located in the panels between the inner and outer faces of the panels, each flange extending substantially the full height of a panel, the web having a majority of its cross-sectional area comprising open space; and the web comprising plural substantially horizontal members along substantially the full height of the flanges.
2. A stackable concrete form block, comprising:
a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels;
at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing;
each tie formed of a web extending between two flanges, the flanges each having a center and outer edges;
vertical connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent concrete form blocks; and at least one of the panels having markings on the outer face of the panel, the markings identifying the location of the outer edges and center of the flanges of the ties.
a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels;
at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing;
each tie formed of a web extending between two flanges, the flanges each having a center and outer edges;
vertical connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent concrete form blocks; and at least one of the panels having markings on the outer face of the panel, the markings identifying the location of the outer edges and center of the flanges of the ties.
3. A stackable concrete form block, comprising:
a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels;
at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing;
each tie formed of a web extending between two flanges, the web including multiple rebar clips distributed across the web, each rebar clip being formed from two curved arms which are curved towards each other; and vertical connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent concrete form blocks.
a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels;
at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing;
each tie formed of a web extending between two flanges, the web including multiple rebar clips distributed across the web, each rebar clip being formed from two curved arms which are curved towards each other; and vertical connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent concrete form blocks.
4. The stackable concrete form block of claim 3 in which the panels are each formed for receiving the ties as slide-in ties.
5. A stackable concrete form block, comprising:
a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels;
at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing;
each tie formed of a web extending between two flanges, the web including at least five rebar clips distributed across substantially the full width of the web between the inner faces of the panes; and vertical connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent concrete form blocks.
a pair of panels, each panel having an inner face and outer face, a top edge, a bottom edge, and longitudinal end edges, the inner faces of the pair of panels opposing each other across a gap between the panels;
at least two ties spaced longitudinally from each other, each tie extending between the inner faces of the panels so as to space the panels with their inner faces opposing;
each tie formed of a web extending between two flanges, the web including at least five rebar clips distributed across substantially the full width of the web between the inner faces of the panes; and vertical connectors being located along the top edge of at least one of the panels and the bottom edge of at least one of the panels for aligning the concrete form block vertically with other vertically adjacent concrete form blocks.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US108/814,876 | 1997-03-11 | ||
| US08/814,876 US5896714A (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1997-03-11 | Insulating concrete form system |
| CA002298435A CA2298435C (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1998-02-09 | Insulating concrete form system |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002298435A Division CA2298435C (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1998-02-09 | Insulating concrete form system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2402580A1 CA2402580A1 (en) | 1998-09-17 |
| CA2402580C true CA2402580C (en) | 2005-06-14 |
Family
ID=34701679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002402580A Expired - Lifetime CA2402580C (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1998-02-09 | Insulating concrete form system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2402580C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007143820A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-21 | Encon Environmental Construction Solutions Inc. | Insulated concrete form |
-
1998
- 1998-02-09 CA CA002402580A patent/CA2402580C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2402580A1 (en) | 1998-09-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5896714A (en) | Insulating concrete form system | |
| EP0766767B1 (en) | Web member for concrete form walls | |
| CA1330713C (en) | Form work system | |
| US6349520B2 (en) | Insulated concrete wall system | |
| US6336301B1 (en) | Concrete form system ledge assembly and method | |
| US4651485A (en) | Interlocking building block system | |
| US5704180A (en) | Insulating concrete form utilizing interlocking foam panels | |
| US6318040B1 (en) | Concrete form system and method | |
| US6314697B1 (en) | Concrete form system connector link and method | |
| US20020023401A1 (en) | Structural thermal framing and panel system for assembling finished or unfinished walls with multiple panel combinations for poured and nonpoured walls | |
| US5528874A (en) | Building blocks and insulated composite walls having stackable half-bond symmetry and method of making such walls | |
| US20060117693A1 (en) | Web structure for insulating concrete block | |
| HU213816B (en) | Concrete form walls | |
| CA2243818A1 (en) | Concrete form system | |
| CA2402580C (en) | Insulating concrete form system | |
| US20040159061A1 (en) | Insulated concrete form system and method for use | |
| WO1997001007A1 (en) | Insulating construction panel or block, connecting spacer web and connection insert | |
| JPH08277589A (en) | Concrete form | |
| GB1598237A (en) | Formwork for cementitious material | |
| JP2961082B2 (en) | Concrete formwork structure and method of constructing concrete structure | |
| KR20240030193A (en) | Block stacked formwork | |
| JPH11217895A (en) | Base plate for holding concrete block | |
| JPH1046717A (en) | Separator to construct concrete wall and reinforcement assembling structure using it |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20180209 |
|
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20180209 |