CA2399102C - Component with a hub, and non-cutting production method therefor - Google Patents
Component with a hub, and non-cutting production method therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2399102C CA2399102C CA002399102A CA2399102A CA2399102C CA 2399102 C CA2399102 C CA 2399102C CA 002399102 A CA002399102 A CA 002399102A CA 2399102 A CA2399102 A CA 2399102A CA 2399102 C CA2399102 C CA 2399102C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hub
- hole
- blank
- patch block
- metal round
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
- B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
- B21D53/261—Making other particular articles wheels or the like pulleys
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
- Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for non-cutting production of a component, especially a component of a gearbox.
Said component comprises a hub (15). The hub (15) is provided with a stepped hole (15) and is produced by cold deformation in a pressing process. A hub (15) extending in a substantially radial manner with respect to the plane of a round metal blank is produced from a rotating round metal blank (1), using at least one rotating pressing cylinder (11). The invention is characterized in that the pressure cylinder (11) is advanced into the round metal blank (1) at least periodically and in sections, whereupon it is inserted therein in a radial manner from an outer position to an inner position. A material web (15) forming the stepped hole (17) and extending substantially inwards from the hub (15) is embodied on the inner periphery of the hub (15), characterized in that when the hub (15) is deformed, at least one section of an attachment (7) is arranged at a distance from the round metal blank (1). As the hub is formed (15), material from the round metal blank flows into the area between the round metal blank (1) and said section of the attachment (7).
Said component comprises a hub (15). The hub (15) is provided with a stepped hole (15) and is produced by cold deformation in a pressing process. A hub (15) extending in a substantially radial manner with respect to the plane of a round metal blank is produced from a rotating round metal blank (1), using at least one rotating pressing cylinder (11). The invention is characterized in that the pressure cylinder (11) is advanced into the round metal blank (1) at least periodically and in sections, whereupon it is inserted therein in a radial manner from an outer position to an inner position. A material web (15) forming the stepped hole (17) and extending substantially inwards from the hub (15) is embodied on the inner periphery of the hub (15), characterized in that when the hub (15) is deformed, at least one section of an attachment (7) is arranged at a distance from the round metal blank (1). As the hub is formed (15), material from the round metal blank flows into the area between the round metal blank (1) and said section of the attachment (7).
Description
f 1 COMPONENT WITH A HUB, AND NON-CUTTING
PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR
The invention concerns a method for non-cutting manufacture of a component, in particular a gear part, with a hub, whereas the hub shows a stepped hole, thanks to cold-forming according to a compression method which, using a rotary metal round blank with a through hole, forms the hub extending substantially radially to the plane of the metal round blank by means of at least one rotary pressure roller so that the pressure roller is fed radially from the outside to the inside, engaging into the metal round blank, at least intermittently and temporarily, as well as a hub manufactured according to such a method.
This method of manufacture of a hub using a compression process is known since the patent WO 94/20235. This method is developed further in the patent DE 44 44 526 Cl, according to the teaching thereof the external circumferential edge of the sheet plate is supported during the compression process in order to provide an end lining resting against the circumferential edge of the metal round blank.
Moreover, it is known since the patent US Patent No. 5,951,422 issued on September 14, 1999 as well as parallel documents of the family of patents belonging to this document, how to form a stepped hole, a so-called 'blind hole' intended for pulley hubs so that a stepped patch block shows a through hole such that an edge/a ring surface of the patch block resting at the outside circumference of the metal round blank held in the end lining, on the metal round blank and the portion of the patch block providing the through hole of the metal round blank exhibits an internal diameter matching the metal round blank.
Thus, the provision of the hub leaves an internal web at the hub, forming the stepped hole which is required by the design in several applications or which can be machine faced in order to confer a particular shape to the edges of the internal contour. The geometry of the stepped hole of the hub after compression always matches the thickness of the metal round blank in this area before ausforming.
PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR
The invention concerns a method for non-cutting manufacture of a component, in particular a gear part, with a hub, whereas the hub shows a stepped hole, thanks to cold-forming according to a compression method which, using a rotary metal round blank with a through hole, forms the hub extending substantially radially to the plane of the metal round blank by means of at least one rotary pressure roller so that the pressure roller is fed radially from the outside to the inside, engaging into the metal round blank, at least intermittently and temporarily, as well as a hub manufactured according to such a method.
This method of manufacture of a hub using a compression process is known since the patent WO 94/20235. This method is developed further in the patent DE 44 44 526 Cl, according to the teaching thereof the external circumferential edge of the sheet plate is supported during the compression process in order to provide an end lining resting against the circumferential edge of the metal round blank.
Moreover, it is known since the patent US Patent No. 5,951,422 issued on September 14, 1999 as well as parallel documents of the family of patents belonging to this document, how to form a stepped hole, a so-called 'blind hole' intended for pulley hubs so that a stepped patch block shows a through hole such that an edge/a ring surface of the patch block resting at the outside circumference of the metal round blank held in the end lining, on the metal round blank and the portion of the patch block providing the through hole of the metal round blank exhibits an internal diameter matching the metal round blank.
Thus, the provision of the hub leaves an internal web at the hub, forming the stepped hole which is required by the design in several applications or which can be machine faced in order to confer a particular shape to the edges of the internal contour. The geometry of the stepped hole of the hub after compression always matches the thickness of the metal round blank in this area before ausforming.
In the light of the technology available, the present invention provides a method to manufacture hubs with stepped hole geometries which differ from the initial thickness of the metal round blank in this domain, thereby breaking away from the technology available.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a non-cutting production method for a component with a hub, the hub having a stepped hole, by means of cold working by a spinning process, in which, by means of at least one rotating spinning roller, the hub, which extends essentially radially to the plane of a rotating circular metal blank having a through hole, is shaped from said rotating circular metal blank by the spinning roller being fed in radially from outside to inside in a plunging manner at least intermittently and at least in stages to the circular metal blank, characterized in that a material web extending essentially inwards from the hub and forming the stepped hole is formed on the inner circumference of the hub by at least one section of a mandrel being arranged at a distance from the circular metal blank during the shaping of the hub, so that, during the forming of the hub, material of the circular metal blank flows into the region between the circular metal blank and this section of the mandrel.
The present invention also provides a method for the non-cutting production of a hub with a stepped hole, the method steps comprising: providing a metal round blank having a through hole; providing a patch block in the through hole and having a portion of the patch block spaced at a distance from the metal round blank so as to create a stepped area displaced from a plane of the top surface of the metal round blank; and cold-forming the hub by use of at least one pressure roller with the at least one pressure roller fed radially towards the through hole, wherein material from the metal round blank flows into the stepped area between the metal round blank and a portion of the patch block, thereby forming a stepped hole having a material web at an inner circumference of the hub.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a hub with a stepped hole, which is produced out of a metal round blank in a compression method 2a according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the web forming the stepped hole exhibits a height extending axially with respect to the plane of the metal round blank, whereas said height is smaller or greater than the thickness of the metal round blank.
In a still further aspect, the present invention provides a hub with a stepped hole, which is produced out of a metal round blank in a compression method according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the inside diameter of the stepped hole delineated by the web, is smaller than the diameter of the through hole.
The invention differs from the patent US 5,951,422 inasmuch as the patch block rests directly on the round blank before ausforming in order to prevent the material from flowing in the area of the stepped hole to be developed. It contradicts the teaching of this document whereby it does not position the patch block at the round blank but arranges said patch block to enable the material to flow even in the area of inner diameter of the hub, whereas it is possible to confer a variable geometry to the hub in the area of the stepped hole, a variable geometry which matches the shape of the patch block in the area of the stepped hole.
Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the patch block and/or the pin shows a widening diameter in the area of the through hole, outside the through hole, so that the area of the web is increased when forming the hub, with respect to the initial thickness of the metal round blank, which was not possible with the patent US 5,951,422.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a non-cutting production method for a component with a hub, the hub having a stepped hole, by means of cold working by a spinning process, in which, by means of at least one rotating spinning roller, the hub, which extends essentially radially to the plane of a rotating circular metal blank having a through hole, is shaped from said rotating circular metal blank by the spinning roller being fed in radially from outside to inside in a plunging manner at least intermittently and at least in stages to the circular metal blank, characterized in that a material web extending essentially inwards from the hub and forming the stepped hole is formed on the inner circumference of the hub by at least one section of a mandrel being arranged at a distance from the circular metal blank during the shaping of the hub, so that, during the forming of the hub, material of the circular metal blank flows into the region between the circular metal blank and this section of the mandrel.
The present invention also provides a method for the non-cutting production of a hub with a stepped hole, the method steps comprising: providing a metal round blank having a through hole; providing a patch block in the through hole and having a portion of the patch block spaced at a distance from the metal round blank so as to create a stepped area displaced from a plane of the top surface of the metal round blank; and cold-forming the hub by use of at least one pressure roller with the at least one pressure roller fed radially towards the through hole, wherein material from the metal round blank flows into the stepped area between the metal round blank and a portion of the patch block, thereby forming a stepped hole having a material web at an inner circumference of the hub.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a hub with a stepped hole, which is produced out of a metal round blank in a compression method 2a according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the web forming the stepped hole exhibits a height extending axially with respect to the plane of the metal round blank, whereas said height is smaller or greater than the thickness of the metal round blank.
In a still further aspect, the present invention provides a hub with a stepped hole, which is produced out of a metal round blank in a compression method according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the inside diameter of the stepped hole delineated by the web, is smaller than the diameter of the through hole.
The invention differs from the patent US 5,951,422 inasmuch as the patch block rests directly on the round blank before ausforming in order to prevent the material from flowing in the area of the stepped hole to be developed. It contradicts the teaching of this document whereby it does not position the patch block at the round blank but arranges said patch block to enable the material to flow even in the area of inner diameter of the hub, whereas it is possible to confer a variable geometry to the hub in the area of the stepped hole, a variable geometry which matches the shape of the patch block in the area of the stepped hole.
Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the patch block and/or the pin shows a widening diameter in the area of the through hole, outside the through hole, so that the area of the web is increased when forming the hub, with respect to the initial thickness of the metal round blank, which was not possible with the patent US 5,951,422.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the patch block and/or the pin is provided in the area of the through hole with one or several diameter(s) which is/are smaller than the diameter of the through hole so that when developing the hub, material flows inwardly from the inner diameter of the metal round blank and so that the diameter and/or the height of the web of the hub is reduced with respect to the initial thickness of the metal round blank. It is also surprisingly possible to make the web thinner with respect to its thickness and smaller with respect to its diameter than the initial material of the metal round blank if the metal round blank is fitted with a matching large through hole wherein the patch block penetrates with a stepped area. This was also not possible according to the teaching of the patent US 5.951.422.
With respect to the technology provided by the patent US 5.951.422, the number of embodiments can be increased significantly when building a hub out of a form of a metal round blank without making the manufacture of a hub properly speaking more complicated, since the metal 'flows' during the manufacture of the hub quasi 'automatically' in the area between the metal round blank and the patch block arranged at a distance from said metal.
The inner circumferential web can take on any shape in the area of the stepped hole using the invention. If the patch block is conical in shape (at least in the area of the portion penetrating the through hole) the web takes on a conical shape in this area. Similarly, other contours can be developed in the area of the inner circumference, for example various curves or gradations of different types.
The remaining characteristics of the claims will describe other advantageous embodiments of the invention.
The invention will be described more in detail with reference to the appended drawings and to several embodiments, wherein:
With respect to the technology provided by the patent US 5.951.422, the number of embodiments can be increased significantly when building a hub out of a form of a metal round blank without making the manufacture of a hub properly speaking more complicated, since the metal 'flows' during the manufacture of the hub quasi 'automatically' in the area between the metal round blank and the patch block arranged at a distance from said metal.
The inner circumferential web can take on any shape in the area of the stepped hole using the invention. If the patch block is conical in shape (at least in the area of the portion penetrating the through hole) the web takes on a conical shape in this area. Similarly, other contours can be developed in the area of the inner circumference, for example various curves or gradations of different types.
The remaining characteristics of the claims will describe other advantageous embodiments of the invention.
The invention will be described more in detail with reference to the appended drawings and to several embodiments, wherein:
Fig. la,b illustrates a first embodiment of a method according to the invention for the manufacture of a hub;
Fig. 2a,b illustrates a second embodiment of a method according to the invention for the manufacture of a hub; and Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a method of manufacture of a hub according to the technology available.
Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a metal round blank (sheet plate) 1 which is held by a tool 3 at its external circumferential whereas the through hole 5 of the metal round blank is penetrated by a stepped patch block 7 with a conical centring pin 8.
As the gradation 9 is formed at a distance from the sheet metal round blank, it is not only the hub 15 that is compressed during the motion of a rotary pressure roller 11 with a shoulder 13 to limit the radial extension from outside towards the inside, starting from the metal round blank, but material is also compressed between the patch block 7 and the metal round blank 3 in order to provide the stepped hole whereof the height of the web S is now greater than the initial thickness B of the metal round blank. The stepped hole 17 is also formed using material of the metal round blank 1 whereas said material flows or is compressed from the metal round blank 1 into the area of the stepped hole properly speaking.
Conversely, Figure 2 illustrates a web height S2 which is smaller than the thickness B of the metal round blank 1 whereas moreover the diameter of the stepped hole 17 is smaller than the diameter of the through hole of the metal round blank 1. For this embodiment, the round blank 1 is fixed in the tool 3 at the external diameter and is fed with its gradation 9 into the through hole. The gradation 9 enables to develop a stop edge or a stepped hole 17 with reduced diameter with respect to the initial diameter of the round metal and with reduced height of the web in the stepped hole 17.
Reference signs Metal round blank 1 5 Tool 3 Through hole 5 Patch block 7 Centring pin 8 Gradation 9 Pressure roller 11 Shoulder 13 Hub 15 Stepped hole 17 Web width S1,S2 Metal round blank width B
Fig. 2a,b illustrates a second embodiment of a method according to the invention for the manufacture of a hub; and Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a method of manufacture of a hub according to the technology available.
Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a metal round blank (sheet plate) 1 which is held by a tool 3 at its external circumferential whereas the through hole 5 of the metal round blank is penetrated by a stepped patch block 7 with a conical centring pin 8.
As the gradation 9 is formed at a distance from the sheet metal round blank, it is not only the hub 15 that is compressed during the motion of a rotary pressure roller 11 with a shoulder 13 to limit the radial extension from outside towards the inside, starting from the metal round blank, but material is also compressed between the patch block 7 and the metal round blank 3 in order to provide the stepped hole whereof the height of the web S is now greater than the initial thickness B of the metal round blank. The stepped hole 17 is also formed using material of the metal round blank 1 whereas said material flows or is compressed from the metal round blank 1 into the area of the stepped hole properly speaking.
Conversely, Figure 2 illustrates a web height S2 which is smaller than the thickness B of the metal round blank 1 whereas moreover the diameter of the stepped hole 17 is smaller than the diameter of the through hole of the metal round blank 1. For this embodiment, the round blank 1 is fixed in the tool 3 at the external diameter and is fed with its gradation 9 into the through hole. The gradation 9 enables to develop a stop edge or a stepped hole 17 with reduced diameter with respect to the initial diameter of the round metal and with reduced height of the web in the stepped hole 17.
Reference signs Metal round blank 1 5 Tool 3 Through hole 5 Patch block 7 Centring pin 8 Gradation 9 Pressure roller 11 Shoulder 13 Hub 15 Stepped hole 17 Web width S1,S2 Metal round blank width B
Claims (14)
1. Non-cutting production method for a component with a hub, the hub having a stepped hole, by means of cold working by a spinning process, in which, by means of at least one rotating spinning roller, the hub, which extends essentially radially to the plane of a rotating circular metal blank having a through hole, is shaped from said rotating circular metal blank by the spinning roller being fed in radially from outside to inside in a plunging manner at least intermittently and at least in stages to the circular metal blank, characterized in that a material web extending essentially inwards from the hub and forming the stepped hole is formed on the inner circumference of the hub by at least one section of a mandrel being arranged at a distance from the circular metal blank during the shaping of the hub, so that, during the forming of the hub, material of the circular metal blank flows into the region between the circular metal blank and this section of the mandrel.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that a mandrel having sections with at least two different diameters is used.
3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that a stepped mandrel is used.
4. Method according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the mandrel has an outer contour with a shape which is conical and/or curved at least in sections.
5. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mandrel or a pin formed separately therefrom passes through the through hole of the circular metal blank.
6. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mandrel and/or the pin, in the region of the through hole, has a widened diameter outside the through hole, so that the region of the web, during the production of the hub, is enlarged relative to the initial width of the circular metal blank.
7. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mandrel and/or the pin, in the region of the through hole, are/is provided with one or more diameters which are smaller than the diameter of the through hole, so that, during the forming of the hub, material flows inwards from the inner diameter of the circular metal blank and the diameter and/or the height of the web of the hub is reduced relative to the initial size of the circular metal blank.
8. A method for the non-cutting production of a hub with a stepped hole, the method steps comprising:
providing a metal round blank having a through hole;
providing a patch block in the through hole and having a portion of the patch block spaced at a distance from the metal round blank so as to create a stepped area displaced from a plane of the top surface of the metal round blank;
and cold-forming the hub by use of at least one pressure roller with the at least one pressure roller fed radially towards the through hole, wherein material from the metal round blank flows into the stepped area between the metal round blank and a portion of the patch block, thereby forming a stepped hole having a material web at an inner circumference of the hub.
providing a metal round blank having a through hole;
providing a patch block in the through hole and having a portion of the patch block spaced at a distance from the metal round blank so as to create a stepped area displaced from a plane of the top surface of the metal round blank;
and cold-forming the hub by use of at least one pressure roller with the at least one pressure roller fed radially towards the through hole, wherein material from the metal round blank flows into the stepped area between the metal round blank and a portion of the patch block, thereby forming a stepped hole having a material web at an inner circumference of the hub.
9. The method according to Claim 8, wherein the patch block has at least two different diameters at the portion of the patch block.
10. The method according to Claim 8, wherein the patch block has a step as the portion of the patch block.
11. The method according to Claims 8, 9 or 10 wherein the patch block has an external contour with at least one of a partial conical shape and a curved shape.
12. The method according to any one of Claims 8 to 11, wherein one of the patch block or a pin formed separately from the patch block penetrates the through hole of the metal round blank.
13. The method according to Claim 12, wherein one of the patch block and the pin has a widening diameter in an area of the through hole, so that a thickness of the web is larger than an initial thickness of the metal round blank.
14. The method according to Claim 12, wherein one of the patch block and the pin has a diameter in the area of the through hole which is smaller than a diameter of the through hole so that material flows inwardly from an inner diameter of the metal round blank, and wherein a thickness of the web is less than an initial thickness of the metal round blank.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10006803 | 2000-02-15 | ||
| DE10006803.0 | 2000-02-15 | ||
| DE10033089.4 | 2000-07-07 | ||
| DE10033089A DE10033089A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2000-07-07 | Process for the non-cutting production of a component with a hub |
| PCT/EP2001/000698 WO2001060543A1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-01-23 | Component with a hub, and non-cutting production method therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2399102A1 CA2399102A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
| CA2399102C true CA2399102C (en) | 2009-02-03 |
Family
ID=26004349
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002399102A Expired - Lifetime CA2399102C (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-01-23 | Component with a hub, and non-cutting production method therefor |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1263539B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3787092B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2399102C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50107363D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2244580T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001060543A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007023972A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2008-11-27 | Wf-Maschinenbau Und Blechformtechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | Method for producing a hub in the pressing method by means of at least one rotatable spinning roller |
| JP2019171414A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-10 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | Boss part molding method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4254540A (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1981-03-10 | William Bilak | Stamped bevel gear |
| DE4444526C1 (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1995-11-30 | Wf Maschinenbau Blechformtech | Device for non=cutting manufacturing of gearing boss from metal plate |
| US5951422A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1999-09-14 | The Gates Corporation | Hub and pulley with radially inward annular collar |
-
2001
- 2001-01-23 ES ES01901192T patent/ES2244580T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-23 DE DE50107363T patent/DE50107363D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-23 JP JP2001559626A patent/JP3787092B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-23 CA CA002399102A patent/CA2399102C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-23 EP EP01901192A patent/EP1263539B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-23 WO PCT/EP2001/000698 patent/WO2001060543A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2399102A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
| EP1263539A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
| WO2001060543A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
| EP1263539B1 (en) | 2005-09-07 |
| JP2003522645A (en) | 2003-07-29 |
| ES2244580T3 (en) | 2005-12-16 |
| DE50107363D1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
| JP3787092B2 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20210125 |