CA2368788A1 - Hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils with improved gas and liquid distribution - Google Patents

Hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils with improved gas and liquid distribution Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2368788A1
CA2368788A1 CA 2368788 CA2368788A CA2368788A1 CA 2368788 A1 CA2368788 A1 CA 2368788A1 CA 2368788 CA2368788 CA 2368788 CA 2368788 A CA2368788 A CA 2368788A CA 2368788 A1 CA2368788 A1 CA 2368788A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
nozzles
containing gas
vessel
feed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA 2368788
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French (fr)
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CA2368788C (en
Inventor
N. Kelly Benham
Barry B. Pruden
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canada Minister of Natural Resources
Original Assignee
Petro Canada Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Petro Canada Inc filed Critical Petro Canada Inc
Priority to CA 2368788 priority Critical patent/CA2368788C/en
Publication of CA2368788A1 publication Critical patent/CA2368788A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2368788C publication Critical patent/CA2368788C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
    • C10G47/24—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles
    • C10G47/26—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
    • C10G47/22—Non-catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil which comprises passing (a) a slurry feed comprising a mixture of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and from about 0.01-4.0% by weight (based on fresh feedstock) of coke-inhibiting additive particles having an average size of less than about 30 µm and (b) a hydrogen-containing gas, upward through a confined hydrocracking zone in a vertical, elongated, cylindrical vessel with a generally dome-shaped bottom head, the hydrocracking zone being maintained at a temperature between about 350°C and 600°C and a pressure of at least 3.5 MPa and removing from the top of the hydrocracking zone a mixed effluent containing a gaseous phase comprising hydrogen and vaporous hydrocarbons and a liquid phase comprising heavy hydrocarbons. The slurry feed mixture and a portion of the hydrogen-containing gas are fed into the hydrocracking zone through a feed injector at the bottom of the dome-shaped bottom head and the balance of the hydrogen-containing gas is fed into the hydrocracking zone through a plurality of injection nozzles arranged within of the hydrocracking zone at a location above the slurry-feed injector. The temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas entering through the nozzles is at a temperature higher than the temperature of the combined slurry feed and hydrogen-containing gas entering through said bottom feed injector and the combined slurry feed and hydrogen-containing gas enter through the bottom feed injector at a velocity of at least 5m/s whereby the additive particles are maintained in suspension throughout the vessel and coking reactions are prevented.

Claims (23)

1. A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil which comprises passing (a) a slurry feed comprising a mixture of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and from about 0.01-4.0% by weight (based on fresh feedstock) of coke-inhibiting additive particles having an average size of less than about 30 µm and (b) a hydrogen-containing gas, upward through a confined hydrocracking zone in a vertical, elongated, cylindrical vessel with a generally dome-shaped bottom head, said hydrocracking zone being maintained at a temperature between about 350°C and 600°C and a pressure of at least 3.5 MPa and removing from the top of the hydrocracking zone a mixed effluent containing a gaseous phase comprising hydrogen and vaporous hydrocarbons and a liquid phase comprising heavy hydrocarbons, wherein the slurry feed mixture and a portion of the hydrogen-containing gas are fed into the hydrocracking zone through a feed injector at the bottom of the dome-shaped bottom head and the balance of the hydrogen-containing gas is fed into the hydrocracking zone through a plurality of injection nozzles arranged within the hydrocracking zone at a location above the slurry-feed injector, with the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas entering through the nozzles being at a temperature higher than the temperature of the combined slurry feed and hydrogen-containing gas entering through said bottom feed injector and the combined slurry feed and hydrogen-containing gas entering through the bottom feed injector at a velocity of at least 5m/s whereby the additive particles are maintained in suspension throughout the vessel and coking reactions are prevented.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the hydrogen containing gas being fed to the hydrocracking zone is a hydrogen-rich recycle gas.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the hydrogen-containing gas being fed to the injection nozzles has a temperature in the range of about 450 to 600°C and the combined slurry feed and hydrogen-containing gas being fed in through the bottom feed injector has a temperature in the range of about 300 to 430°C.
4. A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the hydrogen injection nozzles are arranged in a lower, axial circular array having a diameter less than one half the diameter of the vessel and a higher, axial circular array adjacent the outer wall of the vessel.
5. A process according to claim 4 wherein the lower nozzles are within the dome-shaped bottom head and the higher nozzles are in the region of the bottom end of the cylindrical portion of the vessel.
6. A process according to claim 5 wherein a majority of the upper nozzles are directed upwardly, with the remainder directed downwardly and inwardly.
7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the upwardly directed nozzles are tilted inwardly from the vessel walls by an angle of up to about 6° and the downwardly and inwardly directed nozzles are at an angle of about 45°.
8. A process according to claim 6 wherein the lower nozzles are directed upwardly and outwardly.
9. A process according to claim 8 wherein the lower nozzles are at an angle of about 45°.
10. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the hydrogen injection nozzles are small vertical tubes with top outlets, uniformly spaced across the cross-section of the hydrocracking zone.
11. A process according to claim 9 wherein the nozzles give a flat gas profile across the hydrocracking zone and a velocity of at least about 120 m/sec.
12. A process according to claim 9 wherein the nozzle top outlets have a diameter of about 6 to 25 mm.
13. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the hydrogen-containing gas combined with the slurry feed comprises about 10-35% by volume of the hydrogen-containing gas being fed to the hydrocracking zone.
14. A process according to claim 13 wherein the combined slurry feed and hydrogen-containing gas is fed into the vessel through an injector having a plurality of side openings which direct flow in an outward direction.
15. An apparatus for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon oil which comprises:
(a) a vertical, elongated, cylindrical pressure vessel with a generally dome-shaped bottom head;
(b) a feed injector in the bottom head adapted to feed a mixture of feed slurry and hydrogen-containing gas into the bottom of the vessel in an outward and upward direction;
(c) a higher circular array of nozzles adjacent the outer wall of the vessel in the region of the bottom end of the cylindrical portion and conduit means for feeding a hydrogen-containing gas through said nozzles;
(d) a lower, axial circular array of nozzles positioned within the dome-shaped bottom head having a diameter less than one-half the diameter of the vessel and conduit means for feeding a hydrogen-containing gas through said nozzles; and (e) a reaction product outlet in the top of the vessel, with said feed injector and gas inlet nozzles being arranged to move the content of the vessel upwardly through the vessel in substantially plug flow with a minimum of settling or channelling.
16. An apparatus according to claim 15 wherein a majority of the upper nozzles are directed upwardly, with the remainder directed downwardly and inwardly.
17. An apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the lower nozzles are directed upwardly and outwardly.
18. An apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the upwardly directed nozzles are tilted inwardly from the vessel walls by an angle of up to about 6° and the downwardly and inwardly directed nozzles are at an angle of about 45°.
19. An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the lower nozzles are directed at an angle of about 45°.
20. An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the upper nozzles are mounted on a plurality of arcuate tubes extending around the vessel, each arcuate tube being fed by a separate gas feed tube.
21. An apparatus according to claim 20 wherein the gas feed tubes extend radically from an axial gas supply tube extending axially through the bottom head of the vessel.
22. An apparatus according to claim 21 wherein the lower nozzles are mounted on a circular tube having a diameter less than one-half the diameter of the vessel, said circular tube being supported by and flow connected to said radially extending gas feed tubes:
23. An apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 22 wherein the feed injector has a closed top and a plurality of side openings for directing the flow from the injector in an outward direction.
CA 2368788 2002-01-22 2002-01-22 Hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils with improved gas and liquid distribution Expired - Lifetime CA2368788C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2368788 CA2368788C (en) 2002-01-22 2002-01-22 Hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils with improved gas and liquid distribution

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2368788 CA2368788C (en) 2002-01-22 2002-01-22 Hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils with improved gas and liquid distribution

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2368788A1 true CA2368788A1 (en) 2003-07-22
CA2368788C CA2368788C (en) 2010-12-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA 2368788 Expired - Lifetime CA2368788C (en) 2002-01-22 2002-01-22 Hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils with improved gas and liquid distribution

Country Status (1)

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CA (1) CA2368788C (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2368788C (en) 2010-12-07

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