CA2363869C - Fan inlet flow controller - Google Patents
Fan inlet flow controller Download PDFInfo
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- CA2363869C CA2363869C CA002363869A CA2363869A CA2363869C CA 2363869 C CA2363869 C CA 2363869C CA 002363869 A CA002363869 A CA 002363869A CA 2363869 A CA2363869 A CA 2363869A CA 2363869 C CA2363869 C CA 2363869C
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- perforated
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- fan
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Abstract
An apparatus for reducing distortion of air flow entering the inlet (16) of a fan (10). The device includes a perforated body member (32) that has a first end (34) that is attachable to the inlet end 916) of the fan (10) and a second end (36). The apertures in the body member (32) are arranged in a plurality of circumferential rows. Preferably, the apertures in each successive row from the first end (34) to the second end (36) increase in diameter with the apertures in the row adjacent the first end being smaller in diameter than the apertures in the row adjacent the second end. The body member (32) can be frustoconical, cylindrical or ellipsoidal in shape. In addition, the body member (32) can be equipped with an apparatus for reducing airflow noise.
Description
This is a divisional application of co-pending application 2,267,301, filed October 15, 1997.
FAN INLET FLOW CONTROLLER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION ' Field of the Invention The present invention relates to air moving apparatuses and, more particularly, is directed,to a device for reducing the distortion of air entering the inlet of a fan and the noise created thereby.
Description of the Invention Backctround Over the years, a variety of devices have been developed for moving air and other gases. For example, various types of fans have been created for moving air for heating, ventilating and cooling purposes in residential and industrial structures alike. Virtually all refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners are equipped with a fan for moving air across their heat-exchanger coils. Fans are also frequently used in industrial applications for moving process air and contaminated air through filtration and pollution control systems. Electronic equipment may require cooling fans to prevent "hot spots" from developing within the equipment which could damage sensitive electrical components. Machines used to dry raw and processed materials use fans for circulating heated air to the product and for carrying moisture away from the materials. Air support structures require fans to inflate them and maintain their supporting pressure.
Fans are generally classified by the nature of the airflow through their impellers. Axial flow, radial flow (centrifugal), mixed flow and cross flow are types of fan impellers commonly employed. Perhaps the two types of fans that are most commonly employed are centrifugal fans and axial 'fans. The censtruc,tion of a centrifugal fan and an axial fan are fundamentally different. The impeller of a centrifugal fan usually includes a front rim that has a centralized opening therein and a backplate_that is attached in spaced-apart parallel relation to the rim by a series of radial blades. The impeller assembly is rotatably supported within a housing which has an inlet that corresponds with the opening in the impeller rim. As the impeller is rotated within the housing, air is drawn in through the inlet and into the center of the impeller. The centrifugal force developed by the impeller causes the air to be discharged radially~out of the impeller and through an outlet formed in the"
housing; hence the name "centrifugal fan".
An axial fan is typically equipped with a "propeller-type" impeller that is rotatably supported within an air passage opening. For example, an axial fan may be mounted in a wheel or rim that is attached within an opening in a housing. As the impeller is rotated, air is drawn into or out of the housing depending upon the orientation of the impeller blades.
Other axial fans are mounted within housings that can form portions of ductwork for carrying air for heating, ventilation and air conditioning purposes.
2o The selection of a particular size and type of fan for a particular application typically involves aerodynamic considerations, economic considerations and functional stability considerations. Axial fans are desirable air moving devices in most systems due to their relatively small sizes and high efficiencies.
System design and fan applications, however, can be limited due to the axial fan's sensitivity to inlet air conditions. Axial fans often impart an air swirl at their inlets which can lead to an uneven velocity profile of inlet air immediately in front of the fan.
In addition, due to design considerations, the preferred configuration of many systems would require a change in air direction immediately in front of or at the rear of the air moving device. However, any obstruction or change in direction of airflow immediately in front of the fan can cause even more inlet air distortion which can result in a reduction in the fan's operating efficiency as well as impart cyclical stresses on the blades.
These undesirable conditions can also be caused when system components such as heat exchanging coils, sound attenuators, moisture eliminators, filters, etc.
are located in close proximity to the fan inlet. It is common practice, therefore, to oversize such components to reduce the airflow distortion created thereby. Of course, such oversizing adds to equipment costs, operating costs and maintenance costs. Distortion of 1~ inlet air can also be caused by directing high velocity return air into a mixing device located in close proximity to the fan inlet. Existing building structure and design requirements also sometimes dictate that structural components (i.e., beams, joists, pipes, walls, etc.) pass through the fan inlet stream which can result in further airflow distortion.
In the past, the above-mentioned conditions were somewhat alleviated through the use of an "inlet leveling screen." An inlet leveling screen typically comprises a flat plate that has a plurality of perforations therethrough that comprise approximately fifty percent of the plate area. While such a device causes the inlet air to be more evenly distributed across the screen and thus reduces the distortion of the aid as it enters the fan, it creates added ,airflow resistance which places a greater load on the fan motor often requiring larger, more expensive motors to be used thereby adding to equipment and operating costs.
FAN INLET FLOW CONTROLLER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION ' Field of the Invention The present invention relates to air moving apparatuses and, more particularly, is directed,to a device for reducing the distortion of air entering the inlet of a fan and the noise created thereby.
Description of the Invention Backctround Over the years, a variety of devices have been developed for moving air and other gases. For example, various types of fans have been created for moving air for heating, ventilating and cooling purposes in residential and industrial structures alike. Virtually all refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners are equipped with a fan for moving air across their heat-exchanger coils. Fans are also frequently used in industrial applications for moving process air and contaminated air through filtration and pollution control systems. Electronic equipment may require cooling fans to prevent "hot spots" from developing within the equipment which could damage sensitive electrical components. Machines used to dry raw and processed materials use fans for circulating heated air to the product and for carrying moisture away from the materials. Air support structures require fans to inflate them and maintain their supporting pressure.
Fans are generally classified by the nature of the airflow through their impellers. Axial flow, radial flow (centrifugal), mixed flow and cross flow are types of fan impellers commonly employed. Perhaps the two types of fans that are most commonly employed are centrifugal fans and axial 'fans. The censtruc,tion of a centrifugal fan and an axial fan are fundamentally different. The impeller of a centrifugal fan usually includes a front rim that has a centralized opening therein and a backplate_that is attached in spaced-apart parallel relation to the rim by a series of radial blades. The impeller assembly is rotatably supported within a housing which has an inlet that corresponds with the opening in the impeller rim. As the impeller is rotated within the housing, air is drawn in through the inlet and into the center of the impeller. The centrifugal force developed by the impeller causes the air to be discharged radially~out of the impeller and through an outlet formed in the"
housing; hence the name "centrifugal fan".
An axial fan is typically equipped with a "propeller-type" impeller that is rotatably supported within an air passage opening. For example, an axial fan may be mounted in a wheel or rim that is attached within an opening in a housing. As the impeller is rotated, air is drawn into or out of the housing depending upon the orientation of the impeller blades.
Other axial fans are mounted within housings that can form portions of ductwork for carrying air for heating, ventilation and air conditioning purposes.
2o The selection of a particular size and type of fan for a particular application typically involves aerodynamic considerations, economic considerations and functional stability considerations. Axial fans are desirable air moving devices in most systems due to their relatively small sizes and high efficiencies.
System design and fan applications, however, can be limited due to the axial fan's sensitivity to inlet air conditions. Axial fans often impart an air swirl at their inlets which can lead to an uneven velocity profile of inlet air immediately in front of the fan.
In addition, due to design considerations, the preferred configuration of many systems would require a change in air direction immediately in front of or at the rear of the air moving device. However, any obstruction or change in direction of airflow immediately in front of the fan can cause even more inlet air distortion which can result in a reduction in the fan's operating efficiency as well as impart cyclical stresses on the blades.
These undesirable conditions can also be caused when system components such as heat exchanging coils, sound attenuators, moisture eliminators, filters, etc.
are located in close proximity to the fan inlet. It is common practice, therefore, to oversize such components to reduce the airflow distortion created thereby. Of course, such oversizing adds to equipment costs, operating costs and maintenance costs. Distortion of 1~ inlet air can also be caused by directing high velocity return air into a mixing device located in close proximity to the fan inlet. Existing building structure and design requirements also sometimes dictate that structural components (i.e., beams, joists, pipes, walls, etc.) pass through the fan inlet stream which can result in further airflow distortion.
In the past, the above-mentioned conditions were somewhat alleviated through the use of an "inlet leveling screen." An inlet leveling screen typically comprises a flat plate that has a plurality of perforations therethrough that comprise approximately fifty percent of the plate area. While such a device causes the inlet air to be more evenly distributed across the screen and thus reduces the distortion of the aid as it enters the fan, it creates added ,airflow resistance which places a greater load on the fan motor often requiring larger, more expensive motors to be used thereby adding to equipment and operating costs.
In this device, the airflow remains -in an axial direction and thus objects such as heat exchanger coils, noise attenuators, filters, etc. that are placed immediately in front of the screen can limit its effectiveness.
The effectiveness of prior air inlet level screens is also limited by the screen's surface area. Thus, traditional inlet leveling screens are typically constructed with a 'round-to-square' transition member l0 attached to the inlet end of the fan housing which-enables the screen area to be somewhat maximized. Such arrangements, however, are usually very large and cumbersome which makes them expensive to build and difficult to install. Further, such devices usually cannot be used in applications where space is limited.
Other fan inlet devices have been developed and are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. Re 31,258 to De Baun, U.S. Patent No. 3,483,676 to Sargisson, U.S. Patent No.
3,519,024 to Johnson et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,871,844 to Calvin, Sr., U.S. Patent No. 5,099,879 to Baird and U.S. Patent 5,405,106 to Chintamani et al. Devices of the types disclosed above are typically expensive to produce and install. In addition, such devices often require the use of large motors for operating the fan.
Moreover, those prior devices often occupy Large amounts of building space which might otherwise be used for other purposes.
Other fan-related problems exist in air distribution systems for buildings and commercial structures. Such systems typically comprise discrete functional elements coupled together in series at a central location in a building. Such a system usually includes an input plenum for mixing outside and "return" air, filters, heat exchanging coils, a fan and noise attenuation apparatus for reducing the noise created by the airflow. Because such components typically occupy large amounts of building space when 5 linearly-aligned, it often becomes necessary ~o arrange components in non-linear orientations. For example, structure design considerations sometimes reauire.that inlet ducts for fans be orientated at right angles relative to the fan inlet. In addition, because relatively high airflow velocities are required to service large buildings, sound attenuating apparatuses must be employed. However, prior sound attenuating apparatuses are typically large and expensive and difficult to manufacture and install or they are relatively small devices which undesirably restrict airflow which increases airflow distortion.
Thus, there is a need for a device for reducing distortion of airstream entering the inlets of fans without greatly adding to the airflow resistance.
There is a further need for an airflow inlet device that is small and relatively easy to install and inexpensive to produce.
There is yet another need for a fan inlet device that can be used in close proximity to coils, filters, etc, and effectively minimize the airflow distortion entering the fan's inlet.
There is still another need for a device that can reduce the distortion of an airstream in a system to such a degree such to enable axial fans to be used in applications where their uses would have otherwise been prohibited.
Another need exists for a compact air handling system that can provide airflows similar to airflows typically achieved by prior systems that occupy large scaces.
Yet another need exists for an air handling system with improved silencing characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with a particular preferred form of the present invention, there is provided an airflow inlet apparatus for reducing distortion of air entering to a:: inlet end of a fan assembly. In a preferred form, the inlet apparatus comprises a hollow body member that has a first and second end. The first end is attachable to the inlet end of the fan assembly. An end member is attached to the second end of the body 15 and has a plurality of substantially uniformly distributed first apertures therethrough. A plurality o~ substantially uniformly distributed second apertures are provided in the hollow body member such that the second apertures adjacent the first end of the body 20 member are smaller in diameter than the diameters of the second apertures adjacent the second end of the body member. The body member can be cylindrical, frusto-conical or ellipsoidal in shape. In another embodiment, the hollow body member houses airflow 25 silencing apparatus for reducing noise generated by the air flowing through the body member.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention comprises an airflow inlet apparatus for reducing noise generated by air entering an inlet end 3o of a fan assembly. In a preferred form, the inlet apparatus comprises a perforated housing member and a perforated inlet duct.centrally disposed within the housing member. The inlet duct is attachable to the inlet end of the fan assembly. A plurality of radially extending silencing members extend between the inlet duct and the housing and are attached thereto such that when air flows through the housing and the inlet duct to the fan assembly, the noise generated thereby is reduced by the silencing members.
Accordingly, the present invention provides solutions to the aforementioned problems encountered when using prior inlet leveling screens and sound attenuation apparatuses. The reader will appreciate that the present invention provides an inlet device for a fan that is relatively compact, inexpensive to produce and install and effectively reduces distortion of air flowing into the inlet of a fan. The present invention provides an inlet device having the above-mentioned attributes that is also capable of reducing airflow noise. The present invention provides an inlet device that can be used in connection with air moving devices such as axial fans that would permit the use of such devices in applications wherein, due to airflow distortion, they could not have been otherwise used.
Thus, the present invention solves or at least mitigates many of the problems encountered when moving air through structures. However, these and other details and advantages will become further apparent as the following detailed description of the present preferred embodiment thereof proceeds.
The effectiveness of prior air inlet level screens is also limited by the screen's surface area. Thus, traditional inlet leveling screens are typically constructed with a 'round-to-square' transition member l0 attached to the inlet end of the fan housing which-enables the screen area to be somewhat maximized. Such arrangements, however, are usually very large and cumbersome which makes them expensive to build and difficult to install. Further, such devices usually cannot be used in applications where space is limited.
Other fan inlet devices have been developed and are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. Re 31,258 to De Baun, U.S. Patent No. 3,483,676 to Sargisson, U.S. Patent No.
3,519,024 to Johnson et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,871,844 to Calvin, Sr., U.S. Patent No. 5,099,879 to Baird and U.S. Patent 5,405,106 to Chintamani et al. Devices of the types disclosed above are typically expensive to produce and install. In addition, such devices often require the use of large motors for operating the fan.
Moreover, those prior devices often occupy Large amounts of building space which might otherwise be used for other purposes.
Other fan-related problems exist in air distribution systems for buildings and commercial structures. Such systems typically comprise discrete functional elements coupled together in series at a central location in a building. Such a system usually includes an input plenum for mixing outside and "return" air, filters, heat exchanging coils, a fan and noise attenuation apparatus for reducing the noise created by the airflow. Because such components typically occupy large amounts of building space when 5 linearly-aligned, it often becomes necessary ~o arrange components in non-linear orientations. For example, structure design considerations sometimes reauire.that inlet ducts for fans be orientated at right angles relative to the fan inlet. In addition, because relatively high airflow velocities are required to service large buildings, sound attenuating apparatuses must be employed. However, prior sound attenuating apparatuses are typically large and expensive and difficult to manufacture and install or they are relatively small devices which undesirably restrict airflow which increases airflow distortion.
Thus, there is a need for a device for reducing distortion of airstream entering the inlets of fans without greatly adding to the airflow resistance.
There is a further need for an airflow inlet device that is small and relatively easy to install and inexpensive to produce.
There is yet another need for a fan inlet device that can be used in close proximity to coils, filters, etc, and effectively minimize the airflow distortion entering the fan's inlet.
There is still another need for a device that can reduce the distortion of an airstream in a system to such a degree such to enable axial fans to be used in applications where their uses would have otherwise been prohibited.
Another need exists for a compact air handling system that can provide airflows similar to airflows typically achieved by prior systems that occupy large scaces.
Yet another need exists for an air handling system with improved silencing characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with a particular preferred form of the present invention, there is provided an airflow inlet apparatus for reducing distortion of air entering to a:: inlet end of a fan assembly. In a preferred form, the inlet apparatus comprises a hollow body member that has a first and second end. The first end is attachable to the inlet end of the fan assembly. An end member is attached to the second end of the body 15 and has a plurality of substantially uniformly distributed first apertures therethrough. A plurality o~ substantially uniformly distributed second apertures are provided in the hollow body member such that the second apertures adjacent the first end of the body 20 member are smaller in diameter than the diameters of the second apertures adjacent the second end of the body member. The body member can be cylindrical, frusto-conical or ellipsoidal in shape. In another embodiment, the hollow body member houses airflow 25 silencing apparatus for reducing noise generated by the air flowing through the body member.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention comprises an airflow inlet apparatus for reducing noise generated by air entering an inlet end 3o of a fan assembly. In a preferred form, the inlet apparatus comprises a perforated housing member and a perforated inlet duct.centrally disposed within the housing member. The inlet duct is attachable to the inlet end of the fan assembly. A plurality of radially extending silencing members extend between the inlet duct and the housing and are attached thereto such that when air flows through the housing and the inlet duct to the fan assembly, the noise generated thereby is reduced by the silencing members.
Accordingly, the present invention provides solutions to the aforementioned problems encountered when using prior inlet leveling screens and sound attenuation apparatuses. The reader will appreciate that the present invention provides an inlet device for a fan that is relatively compact, inexpensive to produce and install and effectively reduces distortion of air flowing into the inlet of a fan. The present invention provides an inlet device having the above-mentioned attributes that is also capable of reducing airflow noise. The present invention provides an inlet device that can be used in connection with air moving devices such as axial fans that would permit the use of such devices in applications wherein, due to airflow distortion, they could not have been otherwise used.
Thus, the present invention solves or at least mitigates many of the problems encountered when moving air through structures. However, these and other details and advantages will become further apparent as the following detailed description of the present preferred embodiment thereof proceeds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR.AWINGS_ In the accompanying drawings, there are shown present preferred embodiments of the invention wherein like reference numerals are employed to designate like parts and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a preferred airflow inlet device of the present invention attached to a;~fan assembly;
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the airflow inlet device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of an enlarged side view of the airflow inlet device of FIGS. 1 and 2 with a portion of the skin thereof removed for clarity;
FIG. 4 is a partial side view of a preferred attachment arrangement for attaching a preferred airflow inlet device to a fan inlet member;
FIG. 5 is a partial exploded side view of another preferred attachment arrangement including a fastening clamp shown in cross-section for attaching a preferred airflow inlet device to a fan inlet member;
FIG. 6 is another partial side view of the attachment arrangement of FIG. S with the fastening clamp thereof installed around the attachment flanges of the airflow inlet member and the inlet duct;
-FIG.-'~ is a partial end view of the fastening clamp of FIGS. 5 and 6;
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of another preferred airflow inlet device of the present invention attached to a fan assembly;
FIG. 9 is an end elevational view of the airflow inlet device of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged side view of the airflow inlet device of FIGS. 8 and 9 with some of the skin thereof removed for clarity;
FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of another preferred airflow inlet device of the present invention attached to a fan assembly;
FIG. 12 is an end elevational view of the airflow inlet device of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged side view of the airflow inlet device of FIGS. 11 and 12;
FIG. 14 depicts the airflow inlet device of FIGS.
1-3 attached to a fan assembly that is housed within a duct system wherein inlet airf7.ow is at right angles to the airflow inlet device;
FIG. 14A is a side elevational view of another preferred airflow inlet device of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional side view of an airflow system employing a preferred inlet device of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a plan view of a preferred silencing assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the silencing assembly of FIG. 16 taken along line XVII-XVII in_FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred acoustical panel of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a plan view of the silencing assembly of FIG. 16 adapted to receive airflow from three different directions;
~.IG. 20 is a plan view of the silencing assembly of FIG. 16 adapted to receive airflow from two' different directions; and FIG. 21 is a plan view of the silencing assembly of FIG. 16 adapted to receive airflow from one direction.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
5 Referring now to the drawings for the purposes of illustrating present preferred embodiments of the invention only and not for purposes of limiting the same, the Figures show an axial fan assembly generally designated as 10. While the present invention will be 10 described herein in connection with axial fan assemblies, the skilled artisan will readily appreciate that the subject invention could be effectively employed in a variety of other air moving systems.
Accordingly, the scope of protection offorded to the SllbjeCt inVentiOn ShOUld nOt be 11~T;1ted to uSe Wlth axial f an ar r angemen is .
More partlCUlarly ar:d with reference to FIG. 1, there is shown an axial fan assembly 10 that includes a co-:ventional ran member 12 that is ho~,:sed within a housing membar 14. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that a variety of dif=erent axial fan asse,~ li es a=a commercial ly availa;~l a . '~':~us, the exact construction and operation of such fan assemblies will not be discussed herein. As can be further seen in FIG. 1, a curved inlet duct 16 is preferably attached tc cne ena v_ nouslng memp?r 1~, al:_houg:~. ~.~nle~ curt 16 m _. 1?Cl. 'Je n°CeSSar Y 1n al ~ appl 1~. ~-OnS,. and a discharge dyct~ 18 is attached to t~~~ other end of the 't-:o~.:sina member la . The direction of a=r-low through the fan assembly is represented b_,~ arrow '"~_" . A ain..
g the s~;illea artisan will a:,prec.,_ate hat ~~ch a fan cW =°:W! y ~ (~, ~ai: D°_ °iTtL71'~y'u.. .ln a 'v a_ _?ty 'J- _~.ll.Lere?'lt s_,~~-'ms . _ .._ a}:amp'~~, ~~,e ~a:: asse-:~.:. ~ :v-c be __ 11 integrally attached to supply and discharge ducts or it could be received and mounted within the ducts.
A preferred airflow inlet device 30 is shown in FIGS. 1-3. As will be discussed in further detail below, a preferred airflow inlet device 30 comprises a body member 32 and an end plate 60. In this embodiment as can be most particularly seen in FIG. 3, the body member 32 has a frusto-conical shape. In particular, the body member 32 preferably has a first flanged end 34 and a second end 36 wherein the first end 34 is larger in diameter than the second end 36. In a preferred embodiment, body member 30 is fabricated from a perforated material such as steel or aluminum;
however, other suitable perforated materials could also be successfully employed.
As can be further seen in FIG. 3, the apertures 39 that are adjacent the second end 36 are preferably larger in diameter than the apertures 35 that are adjacent the first end 34. The skilled artisan will appreciate that the diameters of the first and second ends (34, 36) of the body memb'r 32 will be dictated by the size of the fan inlet member 16. For example, the subject invention ~s well-adapted for use in connection with fans having eighteen inch (.~57m) diameter inlets to fans having eighty-four inch (2.13m) diameter inlets. Ho~never, the subject invention is not limited by fa=,: diame ter and cool d concei~-ab 1 ~~ be successful 1 y used in connection with any size o= -_. an inlet.
By way of example, =or a =an inlet having an aD0!"O~:lmate dlafTl°ter Of ~Orty-0470 i nC_'leS ( 1 . 06m) , a ~r~~e-red fan i r_~-et devi c° 30 wool d ~_-:~\~e c;ne C_lardC~erlStiCS GIScUSS2C LJ°lO~d. .-'~-~,5 ~aI'1 'J°
c°.nn i:-t _ W:. _ , ~:?° :W~\' aC~'i:iO:'. ~~ i n i ,' is°~ ~, conicallv-s':aoed frame member 31 that is fabricated from structural steel members. The outer skin, generally designated as 33, is fabricated from segments of perforated sheet metal that have been formed to conform to a corresponding segment of the frame 31. Preferably, the skin 33 has three segments (35, 37, 39). Segment 35 is provided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations therein that preferably comprise approximately fifty-one percent of the surface area of the skin segment 35. Likewise, segment 37 is provided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations that preferably comprise about fifty-eight aercent of the surface area of the skin segment 37. Segment 39 also has a plurality of equally distributed perforations therethrough that comprise approximately sixty-three percent of the surface area o. the skin segment 39. Segments (3~, 37, 39) are welded together at their adjoining edges and are also preferably welded to the =rame 31. A solid end plate 60 is also preferably welded to ti'_' end o~ frame 31. ~=eferably, the COfP.~'lnat'~Oil O' aper tur2S li: :.l'1~ body mei;lber 32 comprise about sixty percent e~ the s~!rface area of the inlet device 30. Although the sizes, numbers of apertures per row and the number o= rows may be varied, it will be appreciated teat the pan it:herentlv induces a higher negatlVa preSSl.:re adJ,aC~Tlt t0 tti° _~ rSt pnd 3~
Will C:? g=.-aCtlla! ~ y d°Cr'aS°~ a~ O.~:C: ~h= 1 cngC__ ~_ ti'!° bO~y member 32. she arrangement o_ ape_-tu~-, es in tie above-described patteen (i.a., apest~,~res gradua-lv reducing in diameter _rom the second end to the f-rst end) insures a substantially vni-.._a:.. _--.i==low an~? -:~1_ocity or radi a1 inlet ai~ along ~:~:-~ 1 en J t~ of the bpd:- member To attach the member 30 to the inlet member 16 of the fan assembly 10, a flange 70 is preferably attached to the first end 34 of the body member 32. The flange 70 is of typical construction and is sized to mate with a flange 17 on the inlet member 16. In a preferred embodiment, the flanges (17, 70) are then bolted together with bolts 72. See Fig. 4. In another preferred embodiment, a commercially available circumferential flange clamp 80 is employed to connect the flanges (17, 70). More particularly and with reference to DIGS. 5-7, circumferertial flange clamp 80 has a body portion 82 that is sized to fit around the circumference of flanges (17, 70) when the clamp 80 is in an open position. After the body portion 82 has i5 beer. fitted over the flanges (17, 70), the clamp 84 is act,-vated to draw the body portion 82 tightly around the flanges !17, 70). Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, however, that other known methods of connectir.J flangEs (17, 70) could also be employed.
Another preferred embodiment is depicted ir_ FIGS.
8-10. Altinovg~u this air inlet device 130 is depicted i n cor.nectic~ w=ith a fan assembly 10 of t:ne tv-ae and construction described above, it will be appreciated that the inlet device 130 can be successfully employed with other a-_r moving apparatuses, including centrifugal _~~:s. As can be seer. it DIGS. 8 Gnd 9, the devv~~ 130 _ _-era:~~~y has a cyl;ndr-~cally-shaped body portv-on 13z,~~,at has a =-~rsc end 13. and a second end 135 u~nich a.e substantially equal _:~ diameter. Body portion 132 sc~_tains a pluralit;~ of apertures h''-r _?~:'irOUgi= ~~at ar° arranged ~n ~_rCLlmLere_'_~~ all V-..-e?.~eilulilg ="O:'~ In ~L~° fTla:Wlei' '".1~°jC?'~_O°O
abOV2 . ' i~.Et 1S, t~_-~~ s;~:il.~s; ~~am?~~_ a~=rtu_-es a=,~ adjace:~t ~o first end 134 and the apertures gradually increase in diameter by row such that the largest diameter apertures are adjacent the second end 134. See FIG.
10.
For example, for a fan inlet having an approximate diameter of forty-two inches (1.06m), a preferred fan inlet device 130 would have the characteristics described below. The diameter of the first and second ends (134, 136) of the body member 132 would preferably be approximately fifty-five inches (1.4m). As can be seen in FIG. 10, the body member 132 includes a cylindrical-shaped frame member 131 that is fabricated prom structural steel members. The outer skin, generally designated as 133, is preferably =abricated from segments of perforated s'.-~eet ,a,etal that have been formed to conform to the frame 131. Preferably, the skin 133 has three segments (135, 137, 139) that are preferably of eaual width. Segment 135 is provided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations therein that preferably comp=Wse aooroximately fifty_ one percent of the surface area of the skin segment 135. Likewise, segment 137 is arovided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations that preferably comprise about fifty-eight percent of the 2S surface area of the skin segment 137. Segment 139 also _.as a plurality of equally distribv~:~ed perforations .-:'=ere through that comprise approximately si}:ty-t_iree ~,°_=cent of the surface area of the s~:in segment 139.
S~gm~=?tS 135, 137, l3rJ-) are .'','"°Le- Dly WelG'ed tOget:?nr ~_ t~eir adjoining edges and ~re also preferably welded .~ t:~.e _rame 131.
.:: end plate 160 is'also .,.Mach=d to the second °_.... ~3= GL tile b7.~.:V m°mb2r ~ ~~ . ~'_ ~
D?".y°_~'_'~d arrangement and densities of the apertures in the device are identical to those densities and arrangements described above. However, the skilled artisan will appreciate that exact aperture size and distribution will be dictated by the application. In addition, the device 130 is preferably provided with a flange 170 for attachment to the flange 17 of the fan assembly inlet 16 in a manner described above.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is showr_ in FIGS. 11-13. In this embodiment, the inlet device 230 has a body member 232 that has an elliptical shape as shown in FIG. ~0. Body member 232 has a first end 23~ and a second end 236. A flange member 270 is attached to the rust end 23G to facilitate attachment of the device 230 to the inlet 16 o. 'an assembly 10 in the manner described above. For example, for a fan inlet having an approximate diameter o= forty-two inches (1.05m), a pre=erred Tan inlet device 230 would have the characteristics described ~eiow. The diameter or ~~e first end 23=. of the body member 32 would pre'erab--y be approximate~~y 55 inches (l.~m). As can be seen __. FIG. 13, the body member 232 includes an elliptical-shaped game member 231 that is abricated from structural steel members. The outer skin, generally designated as 233, is pre=erably _abri.cate from segments c_ pe~-~o~-ated s:r~~t metal that __ave been iormPd ~.~ coni.~ra; to she i~_-ame ~31.
ire-erablV; ,t~'1a sl:'~.:: 233 ~:3s th=e~ segmen~s (235, 237, 2361 tt'1at '_"e pre~~?~a~~lr e~lial .ln 4.'ldth, j°gm°nt 235 is provided with a plura_ity o~ ea~..~al-,y d_stributed per~oratio~s therev~ the ~~-e~era~.-v como_-_se aoo=or:~ mate' ~,. ~ ~ ~ _o.;e __ ~en~ c- ~ne _ _-ace area o=
._.. __ __ , s~, . =~,.~:er.t ~v7 v.s provided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations that preferably comprise about fifty-eight percent of the surface area of the skin segment 237.
Segment 239 also has a plurality of equally distributed perforations therethrough that comprise approximately sixty-three percent of the surface area of the skin segment 239. Segments (235, 237, 239) are preferably welded together at their adjoining edges and are also preferably welded to the frame 131.
Another preferred fan inlet device 30' is depicted in FIG. 14A. As can be seen in that Figure, preferred airflow inlet device 30' comprises a body member 32', that is fabricated from wire wound arounc a conicaliy-shaped frame 33'. In a preferred embodiment, 0.25 inch 1~ (5.35mm) diameter steel wire is us~ci; inow~ver, other types anc: sizes of wire could be s~ccessf~~lly employed.
The frame member 33' preferably has a =first flanged end 3~' and a second end 36' wherein the first end 3~' is larger in diameter than the seconc end 36'. By way of example, the first end 3~' may have ~ cia-:titer of X2.75 inches (~ . 08m) (represented by arroc~ "3 "~ ) and the diameter or the second end may be 20 i~c:~:es (.508m) (represented by arrow "C'").
As can be further seep: in F ~ G . -i~A, the body member 32' may be segmented into three se~;nents ;r~p~-ese:?t~~ by "~"' "J"' "~; "') . 1:. r2~err2d a ~ i embouiment, a,11 three segments ('~~''~, ~;F' . , "; ' ",, are equal in length and for the pres~~' ~aam~__ are 11.75 inches ( . 298m) long . aref erab_v, in s~g':.ent "D' "
_ , there is 0.159 inches (~.03";;n) between eac:~ u:ire wrap.
TnuS, In Segmant "D"' th2r_ 1S ~NIS?:~;T;a.'___V ~.}'?lrtV-:='_-=.-''_ per ._~::.'_ Open 5.:~3Ce . _ _'? S~C'~.e..~ "= ' '~ .
'J~'~'r? d0_'y ~' . ~~0 __.~::~5 (5 . ~ ~fuT.,~ :W~4;=;?:, _m.__ vJl1-a ttl?-ap and approximately forty-eight percent of segment "E "' is open. In segment "F "', there is approximately 0.318 inches (8.07mm) between each wire wrap and approximately fifty-six percent of segment "F "' is open.
Also in the preferred embodiment, an endcap 60' is attached to the second end 36' of the frame 33'.
Endcap is fabricated from steel or aluminum and preferably has no perforations therethrough. It will also be appreciated that the flanged end 3~' is adapted to be attached to fan assembly in the manners described above. Those o~ ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that the body member 32~ could be configured in a variety of different conical sizes t:~at are 1S compatible with the sizes and types of air moving d2'~IlCeS being employed. Thus, the scope of this embodiment should not be limited to inlet devices having the same diameters, lengths and wire spacing.
The skilled artisan wig- understand that the above-described fa,n inlet devices solve many of the problems encountered when us_ne prior inlet leveling screens. The unique designs o~ the a=eser_t invention convert inlet airflow from a~ axial direction to a radial direction which significantly reduces air velocity and eliminates air swirl and turbulence in _ro:~t of the fan i nl et . Tp,« _-esults i n a Su05'a~m.1~11 -v°.? al.r riOvJ ~"~ _O . .
Y, cv_,._ buy n through a coy 92 or any ocher system componeW.. such as ~ filter or ssund attenuator mounted withv:~ a system of c:uctwork 3l7 9~'1 . Sr'e F TC,. _~ . Tn addltl~~,_'1, dlle t0 t'?ei r COmIJaCt -.
nS'i:ia, th2 ~~_'~t 'v1°V1C~S O. _::-L-' .~.r~S~nt ~:'?s'°__?tlOn e~:.ble the fa~ assembly ~0 _.. be 'oca~ed _-~ht _ a __. 's to th~~ ~~_ ~ e' a_-ea of _ ~ac~ _ ste:~. ~~ s:-~oc.:n i~.
FIG. 14. Thus, the devices of the present invention enable axial fans to be used in applications wherein, due to airflow distortion, they could not previously be used. Another benefit of the fan inlet devices such as (30, 130, 230 and 30') is that they improve the efficiency of any noise attenuators, coils and/or filters placed in proximity herewith because they provide more uniform airflow through such devices.
Another preferred airflow system 300 is shown in FIG. 15. As can be seen in that Figure, a fan 310 is mounted in a section of ductwork 302 that is preferably square or rectangular in cross-section. Fan 310 has an inlet side 312 and an outlet side 314. Attached at right angles to duct 302 is a cross-duct 304. A filter 306 and a heat exchanger coil 308 are, for the purposes of this example, mounted in the cross-duct 304. Arrows "T" represent the airflow through the filter 306, coil 308 and through a preferred air inlet device 30 of the type and construction that was described hereinabove.
However, in this embodiment, a silencing assembly 320 is provided within the interior of the inlet device 30.
As can be seen in FIG. 15, a preferred silencing 320 assembly comprises a housing member 322 that is fabricated from perforated steel or aluminum; however, other perforated material could also be use. In a preferred embodiment, perforations 324 are 3/32 inches in diameter and comprise twenty-three percent of the surface area of the housing member 322. Housed within the housing member 322 is fiberglass fill material 326 having a preferred density of 2 pounds per cubic foot (0.032g/ml). However, other acoustical absorbent materials could also be used. The silencing assembly 320 is, cylindrical and is disposed within the member 30. The diameter of assembly 320 is preferably similar to that of the hub of fan 312. To further reduce airflow noise, other silencing assemblies,400 are preferably positioned as shown in FIG. 15 within the cross-duct 304.
A preferred silencing assembly 400 is shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. As can be seen in those Figures, assembly 400 preferably comprises a housing member 402 that is sized to fit within the cross duct 302. The, housing member has a top section 410 and a bottom section 430 and perforated side walls 440. The top section 410 has a centrally disposed ring member 412 that defines a circular-shaped open area 414. As can be seen in FIG. 17, the top section has an outer skin 418 that is preferably fabricated from 18 gauge metal. In addition, an inner skin 420 is arranged in spaced-apart relationship with respect to the outer skin 418. Inner skin 420 is preferably fabricated from 22 gauge perforated sheet metal. The perforations are approximately 3/32 inches in diameter and collectively comprise approximately about twenty-three percent of the surface area of the inner skin 420; however, other sizes and densities of perforations could also be use.
Housed between the inner skin 420 and the outer skin 418 is fiberglass insulation preferably having a density of two pounds per cubic foot; however, other acoustically absorbent materials could be successfully used.
The bottom portion 430 is preferably similarly constructed with an outer skin 432 fabricated from 18 gauge material and an inner skin 434 fabricated from 22 gauge perforated material. 2.25 inch thick insulation is preferably used between the inner skin 434 and outer skin 432. In addition,_a centrally-disposed portion 436 is removably attached to the bottom section 430 for removal therefrom to enable the assembly 400 to be used in applications wherein air is flowing in at least two axial directions.
Also in a preferred embodiment, a plurality of radially extending panels 440 are preferably attached to the top section 410 and the bottom section 430 as shown in FIGS. 16-18. As can be seen in FIG. 18, the panels 440 include a support member 441 that has walls 442 that are fabricated from a perforated material and the ends 444 are fabricated from a non-perforated material of equal thickness. Each support member 441 is preferably filled with an acoustically absorbent T~a~erial 446 (preferably 2 PCF fiberglass insulation).
1~ ~n a preferred embodiment, the ring member 412 is Formed from a channel and is adapted to receive the ends of the panels 440 therein. See FIG. 19. !he ocher ends of the panels 440 are attached to the outer walls by similarly arranged channel memb=rs (not 2~i S:'10'vln) ; hOWeVer, Other types O~ fast°nlnC ~rrailgement may be successfully employed.
In this embodiment, inlet air is adapted to pass tnrougn opening 412 and into the far.. As air passes ?:~t0 t}'lrOUgn Opening 412, the nOlSe generated thereby 25 is substantially absorbed by the radially extending ~ ::el s 4~0 and optional ly t..:-~e atta:~u..._~d a'a w,rllnaer 320 '~.='~n~~d ~~:it~-_=,, _iGS. =9-~~_ il~'_ustra~..~ o~_-:e,- air~low a~-_angem=nts ~-~th which the device 400 can be used. In p rticular, != I.~. 1 9 il l ustrates th~ use e. device 400 30 _._ an asp 1 leer i on c, a ~ ~ -,_~,-~h_r~ a=r can e:."~ froT: urea C_r°_C~~O~S. _ _... 2~, 1»L:S~_-d~°S ~n°_ llS°_ O~ Q°_v'1Ce 400 ___ an a~~~ 1C ~i0:": W:?2r.~ ~__ ''. enter fr0'.'. W~JO
_ _ ~. ~. ._ 1 ~ _ = J . ~ ? ~~ 1 ~ v ~ - a a -~ p _ _ . _ ! .15~_ t j _... uS° .~_ ~.~'~e~,._ ~a G0V
in an application where air can enter from one direction. In all cases, the unique radial arrangement of the panels 440 serves to reduce airflow noise without occupying the amount of space that is typically required by prior sound attenuation devices.
Accordingly, the present invention provides solutions to the aforementioned problems associated with prior air inlet screens and silencing devices. In particular, the unique designs of the present devices are more compact and efficient than prior air inlet screens. Furthermore, although the present invention is equally effective when used in connection with centrifugal fans, the present invention enable axial fans to be used in applications, where due to large amounts of airflow distortion, could not be previously used. In addition, the present invention provides for effective sound attenuation in compact applications wherein conventional sound attenuation devices could not be used. It will be understood, however, that 2~~ VarlO'.:S Chr'3i:gy'S lI? th°_ d2ta11S, m t°=ldlS aT!~:
t arra:lC~,'Tl°nt=.S O_ pa=tS W:'?1C!1 f:ave bea:: herel?"_ CleSCrlbed and i ~_us~-ate , r =,-d ~ r. o_d~~ to explain. the ~:atur' o= the invention may be made by those skilled i~ the art within the principle and scope of the invention as eX~raSS°d 1:'? Lhe appe:'lded Claims.
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a preferred airflow inlet device of the present invention attached to a;~fan assembly;
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the airflow inlet device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of an enlarged side view of the airflow inlet device of FIGS. 1 and 2 with a portion of the skin thereof removed for clarity;
FIG. 4 is a partial side view of a preferred attachment arrangement for attaching a preferred airflow inlet device to a fan inlet member;
FIG. 5 is a partial exploded side view of another preferred attachment arrangement including a fastening clamp shown in cross-section for attaching a preferred airflow inlet device to a fan inlet member;
FIG. 6 is another partial side view of the attachment arrangement of FIG. S with the fastening clamp thereof installed around the attachment flanges of the airflow inlet member and the inlet duct;
-FIG.-'~ is a partial end view of the fastening clamp of FIGS. 5 and 6;
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of another preferred airflow inlet device of the present invention attached to a fan assembly;
FIG. 9 is an end elevational view of the airflow inlet device of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged side view of the airflow inlet device of FIGS. 8 and 9 with some of the skin thereof removed for clarity;
FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of another preferred airflow inlet device of the present invention attached to a fan assembly;
FIG. 12 is an end elevational view of the airflow inlet device of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged side view of the airflow inlet device of FIGS. 11 and 12;
FIG. 14 depicts the airflow inlet device of FIGS.
1-3 attached to a fan assembly that is housed within a duct system wherein inlet airf7.ow is at right angles to the airflow inlet device;
FIG. 14A is a side elevational view of another preferred airflow inlet device of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional side view of an airflow system employing a preferred inlet device of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a plan view of a preferred silencing assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the silencing assembly of FIG. 16 taken along line XVII-XVII in_FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred acoustical panel of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a plan view of the silencing assembly of FIG. 16 adapted to receive airflow from three different directions;
~.IG. 20 is a plan view of the silencing assembly of FIG. 16 adapted to receive airflow from two' different directions; and FIG. 21 is a plan view of the silencing assembly of FIG. 16 adapted to receive airflow from one direction.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
5 Referring now to the drawings for the purposes of illustrating present preferred embodiments of the invention only and not for purposes of limiting the same, the Figures show an axial fan assembly generally designated as 10. While the present invention will be 10 described herein in connection with axial fan assemblies, the skilled artisan will readily appreciate that the subject invention could be effectively employed in a variety of other air moving systems.
Accordingly, the scope of protection offorded to the SllbjeCt inVentiOn ShOUld nOt be 11~T;1ted to uSe Wlth axial f an ar r angemen is .
More partlCUlarly ar:d with reference to FIG. 1, there is shown an axial fan assembly 10 that includes a co-:ventional ran member 12 that is ho~,:sed within a housing membar 14. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that a variety of dif=erent axial fan asse,~ li es a=a commercial ly availa;~l a . '~':~us, the exact construction and operation of such fan assemblies will not be discussed herein. As can be further seen in FIG. 1, a curved inlet duct 16 is preferably attached tc cne ena v_ nouslng memp?r 1~, al:_houg:~. ~.~nle~ curt 16 m _. 1?Cl. 'Je n°CeSSar Y 1n al ~ appl 1~. ~-OnS,. and a discharge dyct~ 18 is attached to t~~~ other end of the 't-:o~.:sina member la . The direction of a=r-low through the fan assembly is represented b_,~ arrow '"~_" . A ain..
g the s~;illea artisan will a:,prec.,_ate hat ~~ch a fan cW =°:W! y ~ (~, ~ai: D°_ °iTtL71'~y'u.. .ln a 'v a_ _?ty 'J- _~.ll.Lere?'lt s_,~~-'ms . _ .._ a}:amp'~~, ~~,e ~a:: asse-:~.:. ~ :v-c be __ 11 integrally attached to supply and discharge ducts or it could be received and mounted within the ducts.
A preferred airflow inlet device 30 is shown in FIGS. 1-3. As will be discussed in further detail below, a preferred airflow inlet device 30 comprises a body member 32 and an end plate 60. In this embodiment as can be most particularly seen in FIG. 3, the body member 32 has a frusto-conical shape. In particular, the body member 32 preferably has a first flanged end 34 and a second end 36 wherein the first end 34 is larger in diameter than the second end 36. In a preferred embodiment, body member 30 is fabricated from a perforated material such as steel or aluminum;
however, other suitable perforated materials could also be successfully employed.
As can be further seen in FIG. 3, the apertures 39 that are adjacent the second end 36 are preferably larger in diameter than the apertures 35 that are adjacent the first end 34. The skilled artisan will appreciate that the diameters of the first and second ends (34, 36) of the body memb'r 32 will be dictated by the size of the fan inlet member 16. For example, the subject invention ~s well-adapted for use in connection with fans having eighteen inch (.~57m) diameter inlets to fans having eighty-four inch (2.13m) diameter inlets. Ho~never, the subject invention is not limited by fa=,: diame ter and cool d concei~-ab 1 ~~ be successful 1 y used in connection with any size o= -_. an inlet.
By way of example, =or a =an inlet having an aD0!"O~:lmate dlafTl°ter Of ~Orty-0470 i nC_'leS ( 1 . 06m) , a ~r~~e-red fan i r_~-et devi c° 30 wool d ~_-:~\~e c;ne C_lardC~erlStiCS GIScUSS2C LJ°lO~d. .-'~-~,5 ~aI'1 'J°
c°.nn i:-t _ W:. _ , ~:?° :W~\' aC~'i:iO:'. ~~ i n i ,' is°~ ~, conicallv-s':aoed frame member 31 that is fabricated from structural steel members. The outer skin, generally designated as 33, is fabricated from segments of perforated sheet metal that have been formed to conform to a corresponding segment of the frame 31. Preferably, the skin 33 has three segments (35, 37, 39). Segment 35 is provided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations therein that preferably comprise approximately fifty-one percent of the surface area of the skin segment 35. Likewise, segment 37 is provided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations that preferably comprise about fifty-eight aercent of the surface area of the skin segment 37. Segment 39 also has a plurality of equally distributed perforations therethrough that comprise approximately sixty-three percent of the surface area o. the skin segment 39. Segments (3~, 37, 39) are welded together at their adjoining edges and are also preferably welded to the =rame 31. A solid end plate 60 is also preferably welded to ti'_' end o~ frame 31. ~=eferably, the COfP.~'lnat'~Oil O' aper tur2S li: :.l'1~ body mei;lber 32 comprise about sixty percent e~ the s~!rface area of the inlet device 30. Although the sizes, numbers of apertures per row and the number o= rows may be varied, it will be appreciated teat the pan it:herentlv induces a higher negatlVa preSSl.:re adJ,aC~Tlt t0 tti° _~ rSt pnd 3~
Will C:? g=.-aCtlla! ~ y d°Cr'aS°~ a~ O.~:C: ~h= 1 cngC__ ~_ ti'!° bO~y member 32. she arrangement o_ ape_-tu~-, es in tie above-described patteen (i.a., apest~,~res gradua-lv reducing in diameter _rom the second end to the f-rst end) insures a substantially vni-.._a:.. _--.i==low an~? -:~1_ocity or radi a1 inlet ai~ along ~:~:-~ 1 en J t~ of the bpd:- member To attach the member 30 to the inlet member 16 of the fan assembly 10, a flange 70 is preferably attached to the first end 34 of the body member 32. The flange 70 is of typical construction and is sized to mate with a flange 17 on the inlet member 16. In a preferred embodiment, the flanges (17, 70) are then bolted together with bolts 72. See Fig. 4. In another preferred embodiment, a commercially available circumferential flange clamp 80 is employed to connect the flanges (17, 70). More particularly and with reference to DIGS. 5-7, circumferertial flange clamp 80 has a body portion 82 that is sized to fit around the circumference of flanges (17, 70) when the clamp 80 is in an open position. After the body portion 82 has i5 beer. fitted over the flanges (17, 70), the clamp 84 is act,-vated to draw the body portion 82 tightly around the flanges !17, 70). Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, however, that other known methods of connectir.J flangEs (17, 70) could also be employed.
Another preferred embodiment is depicted ir_ FIGS.
8-10. Altinovg~u this air inlet device 130 is depicted i n cor.nectic~ w=ith a fan assembly 10 of t:ne tv-ae and construction described above, it will be appreciated that the inlet device 130 can be successfully employed with other a-_r moving apparatuses, including centrifugal _~~:s. As can be seer. it DIGS. 8 Gnd 9, the devv~~ 130 _ _-era:~~~y has a cyl;ndr-~cally-shaped body portv-on 13z,~~,at has a =-~rsc end 13. and a second end 135 u~nich a.e substantially equal _:~ diameter. Body portion 132 sc~_tains a pluralit;~ of apertures h''-r _?~:'irOUgi= ~~at ar° arranged ~n ~_rCLlmLere_'_~~ all V-..-e?.~eilulilg ="O:'~ In ~L~° fTla:Wlei' '".1~°jC?'~_O°O
abOV2 . ' i~.Et 1S, t~_-~~ s;~:il.~s; ~~am?~~_ a~=rtu_-es a=,~ adjace:~t ~o first end 134 and the apertures gradually increase in diameter by row such that the largest diameter apertures are adjacent the second end 134. See FIG.
10.
For example, for a fan inlet having an approximate diameter of forty-two inches (1.06m), a preferred fan inlet device 130 would have the characteristics described below. The diameter of the first and second ends (134, 136) of the body member 132 would preferably be approximately fifty-five inches (1.4m). As can be seen in FIG. 10, the body member 132 includes a cylindrical-shaped frame member 131 that is fabricated prom structural steel members. The outer skin, generally designated as 133, is preferably =abricated from segments of perforated s'.-~eet ,a,etal that have been formed to conform to the frame 131. Preferably, the skin 133 has three segments (135, 137, 139) that are preferably of eaual width. Segment 135 is provided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations therein that preferably comp=Wse aooroximately fifty_ one percent of the surface area of the skin segment 135. Likewise, segment 137 is arovided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations that preferably comprise about fifty-eight percent of the 2S surface area of the skin segment 137. Segment 139 also _.as a plurality of equally distribv~:~ed perforations .-:'=ere through that comprise approximately si}:ty-t_iree ~,°_=cent of the surface area of the s~:in segment 139.
S~gm~=?tS 135, 137, l3rJ-) are .'','"°Le- Dly WelG'ed tOget:?nr ~_ t~eir adjoining edges and ~re also preferably welded .~ t:~.e _rame 131.
.:: end plate 160 is'also .,.Mach=d to the second °_.... ~3= GL tile b7.~.:V m°mb2r ~ ~~ . ~'_ ~
D?".y°_~'_'~d arrangement and densities of the apertures in the device are identical to those densities and arrangements described above. However, the skilled artisan will appreciate that exact aperture size and distribution will be dictated by the application. In addition, the device 130 is preferably provided with a flange 170 for attachment to the flange 17 of the fan assembly inlet 16 in a manner described above.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is showr_ in FIGS. 11-13. In this embodiment, the inlet device 230 has a body member 232 that has an elliptical shape as shown in FIG. ~0. Body member 232 has a first end 23~ and a second end 236. A flange member 270 is attached to the rust end 23G to facilitate attachment of the device 230 to the inlet 16 o. 'an assembly 10 in the manner described above. For example, for a fan inlet having an approximate diameter o= forty-two inches (1.05m), a pre=erred Tan inlet device 230 would have the characteristics described ~eiow. The diameter or ~~e first end 23=. of the body member 32 would pre'erab--y be approximate~~y 55 inches (l.~m). As can be seen __. FIG. 13, the body member 232 includes an elliptical-shaped game member 231 that is abricated from structural steel members. The outer skin, generally designated as 233, is pre=erably _abri.cate from segments c_ pe~-~o~-ated s:r~~t metal that __ave been iormPd ~.~ coni.~ra; to she i~_-ame ~31.
ire-erablV; ,t~'1a sl:'~.:: 233 ~:3s th=e~ segmen~s (235, 237, 2361 tt'1at '_"e pre~~?~a~~lr e~lial .ln 4.'ldth, j°gm°nt 235 is provided with a plura_ity o~ ea~..~al-,y d_stributed per~oratio~s therev~ the ~~-e~era~.-v como_-_se aoo=or:~ mate' ~,. ~ ~ ~ _o.;e __ ~en~ c- ~ne _ _-ace area o=
._.. __ __ , s~, . =~,.~:er.t ~v7 v.s provided with a plurality of equally distributed perforations that preferably comprise about fifty-eight percent of the surface area of the skin segment 237.
Segment 239 also has a plurality of equally distributed perforations therethrough that comprise approximately sixty-three percent of the surface area of the skin segment 239. Segments (235, 237, 239) are preferably welded together at their adjoining edges and are also preferably welded to the frame 131.
Another preferred fan inlet device 30' is depicted in FIG. 14A. As can be seen in that Figure, preferred airflow inlet device 30' comprises a body member 32', that is fabricated from wire wound arounc a conicaliy-shaped frame 33'. In a preferred embodiment, 0.25 inch 1~ (5.35mm) diameter steel wire is us~ci; inow~ver, other types anc: sizes of wire could be s~ccessf~~lly employed.
The frame member 33' preferably has a =first flanged end 3~' and a second end 36' wherein the first end 3~' is larger in diameter than the seconc end 36'. By way of example, the first end 3~' may have ~ cia-:titer of X2.75 inches (~ . 08m) (represented by arroc~ "3 "~ ) and the diameter or the second end may be 20 i~c:~:es (.508m) (represented by arrow "C'").
As can be further seep: in F ~ G . -i~A, the body member 32' may be segmented into three se~;nents ;r~p~-ese:?t~~ by "~"' "J"' "~; "') . 1:. r2~err2d a ~ i embouiment, a,11 three segments ('~~''~, ~;F' . , "; ' ",, are equal in length and for the pres~~' ~aam~__ are 11.75 inches ( . 298m) long . aref erab_v, in s~g':.ent "D' "
_ , there is 0.159 inches (~.03";;n) between eac:~ u:ire wrap.
TnuS, In Segmant "D"' th2r_ 1S ~NIS?:~;T;a.'___V ~.}'?lrtV-:='_-=.-''_ per ._~::.'_ Open 5.:~3Ce . _ _'? S~C'~.e..~ "= ' '~ .
'J~'~'r? d0_'y ~' . ~~0 __.~::~5 (5 . ~ ~fuT.,~ :W~4;=;?:, _m.__ vJl1-a ttl?-ap and approximately forty-eight percent of segment "E "' is open. In segment "F "', there is approximately 0.318 inches (8.07mm) between each wire wrap and approximately fifty-six percent of segment "F "' is open.
Also in the preferred embodiment, an endcap 60' is attached to the second end 36' of the frame 33'.
Endcap is fabricated from steel or aluminum and preferably has no perforations therethrough. It will also be appreciated that the flanged end 3~' is adapted to be attached to fan assembly in the manners described above. Those o~ ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that the body member 32~ could be configured in a variety of different conical sizes t:~at are 1S compatible with the sizes and types of air moving d2'~IlCeS being employed. Thus, the scope of this embodiment should not be limited to inlet devices having the same diameters, lengths and wire spacing.
The skilled artisan wig- understand that the above-described fa,n inlet devices solve many of the problems encountered when us_ne prior inlet leveling screens. The unique designs o~ the a=eser_t invention convert inlet airflow from a~ axial direction to a radial direction which significantly reduces air velocity and eliminates air swirl and turbulence in _ro:~t of the fan i nl et . Tp,« _-esults i n a Su05'a~m.1~11 -v°.? al.r riOvJ ~"~ _O . .
Y, cv_,._ buy n through a coy 92 or any ocher system componeW.. such as ~ filter or ssund attenuator mounted withv:~ a system of c:uctwork 3l7 9~'1 . Sr'e F TC,. _~ . Tn addltl~~,_'1, dlle t0 t'?ei r COmIJaCt -.
nS'i:ia, th2 ~~_'~t 'v1°V1C~S O. _::-L-' .~.r~S~nt ~:'?s'°__?tlOn e~:.ble the fa~ assembly ~0 _.. be 'oca~ed _-~ht _ a __. 's to th~~ ~~_ ~ e' a_-ea of _ ~ac~ _ ste:~. ~~ s:-~oc.:n i~.
FIG. 14. Thus, the devices of the present invention enable axial fans to be used in applications wherein, due to airflow distortion, they could not previously be used. Another benefit of the fan inlet devices such as (30, 130, 230 and 30') is that they improve the efficiency of any noise attenuators, coils and/or filters placed in proximity herewith because they provide more uniform airflow through such devices.
Another preferred airflow system 300 is shown in FIG. 15. As can be seen in that Figure, a fan 310 is mounted in a section of ductwork 302 that is preferably square or rectangular in cross-section. Fan 310 has an inlet side 312 and an outlet side 314. Attached at right angles to duct 302 is a cross-duct 304. A filter 306 and a heat exchanger coil 308 are, for the purposes of this example, mounted in the cross-duct 304. Arrows "T" represent the airflow through the filter 306, coil 308 and through a preferred air inlet device 30 of the type and construction that was described hereinabove.
However, in this embodiment, a silencing assembly 320 is provided within the interior of the inlet device 30.
As can be seen in FIG. 15, a preferred silencing 320 assembly comprises a housing member 322 that is fabricated from perforated steel or aluminum; however, other perforated material could also be use. In a preferred embodiment, perforations 324 are 3/32 inches in diameter and comprise twenty-three percent of the surface area of the housing member 322. Housed within the housing member 322 is fiberglass fill material 326 having a preferred density of 2 pounds per cubic foot (0.032g/ml). However, other acoustical absorbent materials could also be used. The silencing assembly 320 is, cylindrical and is disposed within the member 30. The diameter of assembly 320 is preferably similar to that of the hub of fan 312. To further reduce airflow noise, other silencing assemblies,400 are preferably positioned as shown in FIG. 15 within the cross-duct 304.
A preferred silencing assembly 400 is shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. As can be seen in those Figures, assembly 400 preferably comprises a housing member 402 that is sized to fit within the cross duct 302. The, housing member has a top section 410 and a bottom section 430 and perforated side walls 440. The top section 410 has a centrally disposed ring member 412 that defines a circular-shaped open area 414. As can be seen in FIG. 17, the top section has an outer skin 418 that is preferably fabricated from 18 gauge metal. In addition, an inner skin 420 is arranged in spaced-apart relationship with respect to the outer skin 418. Inner skin 420 is preferably fabricated from 22 gauge perforated sheet metal. The perforations are approximately 3/32 inches in diameter and collectively comprise approximately about twenty-three percent of the surface area of the inner skin 420; however, other sizes and densities of perforations could also be use.
Housed between the inner skin 420 and the outer skin 418 is fiberglass insulation preferably having a density of two pounds per cubic foot; however, other acoustically absorbent materials could be successfully used.
The bottom portion 430 is preferably similarly constructed with an outer skin 432 fabricated from 18 gauge material and an inner skin 434 fabricated from 22 gauge perforated material. 2.25 inch thick insulation is preferably used between the inner skin 434 and outer skin 432. In addition,_a centrally-disposed portion 436 is removably attached to the bottom section 430 for removal therefrom to enable the assembly 400 to be used in applications wherein air is flowing in at least two axial directions.
Also in a preferred embodiment, a plurality of radially extending panels 440 are preferably attached to the top section 410 and the bottom section 430 as shown in FIGS. 16-18. As can be seen in FIG. 18, the panels 440 include a support member 441 that has walls 442 that are fabricated from a perforated material and the ends 444 are fabricated from a non-perforated material of equal thickness. Each support member 441 is preferably filled with an acoustically absorbent T~a~erial 446 (preferably 2 PCF fiberglass insulation).
1~ ~n a preferred embodiment, the ring member 412 is Formed from a channel and is adapted to receive the ends of the panels 440 therein. See FIG. 19. !he ocher ends of the panels 440 are attached to the outer walls by similarly arranged channel memb=rs (not 2~i S:'10'vln) ; hOWeVer, Other types O~ fast°nlnC ~rrailgement may be successfully employed.
In this embodiment, inlet air is adapted to pass tnrougn opening 412 and into the far.. As air passes ?:~t0 t}'lrOUgn Opening 412, the nOlSe generated thereby 25 is substantially absorbed by the radially extending ~ ::el s 4~0 and optional ly t..:-~e atta:~u..._~d a'a w,rllnaer 320 '~.='~n~~d ~~:it~-_=,, _iGS. =9-~~_ il~'_ustra~..~ o~_-:e,- air~low a~-_angem=nts ~-~th which the device 400 can be used. In p rticular, != I.~. 1 9 il l ustrates th~ use e. device 400 30 _._ an asp 1 leer i on c, a ~ ~ -,_~,-~h_r~ a=r can e:."~ froT: urea C_r°_C~~O~S. _ _... 2~, 1»L:S~_-d~°S ~n°_ llS°_ O~ Q°_v'1Ce 400 ___ an a~~~ 1C ~i0:": W:?2r.~ ~__ ''. enter fr0'.'. W~JO
_ _ ~. ~. ._ 1 ~ _ = J . ~ ? ~~ 1 ~ v ~ - a a -~ p _ _ . _ ! .15~_ t j _... uS° .~_ ~.~'~e~,._ ~a G0V
in an application where air can enter from one direction. In all cases, the unique radial arrangement of the panels 440 serves to reduce airflow noise without occupying the amount of space that is typically required by prior sound attenuation devices.
Accordingly, the present invention provides solutions to the aforementioned problems associated with prior air inlet screens and silencing devices. In particular, the unique designs of the present devices are more compact and efficient than prior air inlet screens. Furthermore, although the present invention is equally effective when used in connection with centrifugal fans, the present invention enable axial fans to be used in applications, where due to large amounts of airflow distortion, could not be previously used. In addition, the present invention provides for effective sound attenuation in compact applications wherein conventional sound attenuation devices could not be used. It will be understood, however, that 2~~ VarlO'.:S Chr'3i:gy'S lI? th°_ d2ta11S, m t°=ldlS aT!~:
t arra:lC~,'Tl°nt=.S O_ pa=tS W:'?1C!1 f:ave bea:: herel?"_ CleSCrlbed and i ~_us~-ate , r =,-d ~ r. o_d~~ to explain. the ~:atur' o= the invention may be made by those skilled i~ the art within the principle and scope of the invention as eX~raSS°d 1:'? Lhe appe:'lded Claims.
Claims (16)
1. An airflow inlet apparatus for reducing noise generated by air entering an inlet end of a fan assembly, said inlet apparatus comprising:
a housing member having a top section and a bottom section;
an inlet opening centrally disposed within said top section of said housing member, said top section of said housing member being attachable to the inlet end of the fan assembly such that said opening is aligned therewith; and a plurality of silencing members radially oriented around said opening, each said silencing member extending between said top section and said bottom section of said housing member and being attached thereto such that when air flows through said housing member and said inlet opening to the fan, the noise generated thereby is reduced by said silencing members.
a housing member having a top section and a bottom section;
an inlet opening centrally disposed within said top section of said housing member, said top section of said housing member being attachable to the inlet end of the fan assembly such that said opening is aligned therewith; and a plurality of silencing members radially oriented around said opening, each said silencing member extending between said top section and said bottom section of said housing member and being attached thereto such that when air flows through said housing member and said inlet opening to the fan, the noise generated thereby is reduced by said silencing members.
2. The inlet apparatus of claim 1, wherein each said silencing member comprises:
a perforated support member; and acoustically absorbent material received within said support member.
a perforated support member; and acoustically absorbent material received within said support member.
3. The inlet apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein said housing member is perforated to receive air therethrough from at least four directions.
4. The inlet apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein said housing member is perforated to receive airflow therethrough from at least three directions.
5. The inlet apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein said housing member is perforated to receive airflow therethrough from at least two directions.
6. The inlet apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein said housing member is perforated to receive airflow therethrough from at least one direction.
7. The inlet apparatus of claim 1, wherein said top section of said housing member comprises:
an outer skin;
a perforated inner skin attached to said outer skin in a spaced-apart relationship thereto;
a centrally disposed ring member attached to said inner skin and said outer skin and defining said opening through said top section; and an acoustical insulation material between said inner skin and said outer skin.
an outer skin;
a perforated inner skin attached to said outer skin in a spaced-apart relationship thereto;
a centrally disposed ring member attached to said inner skin and said outer skin and defining said opening through said top section; and an acoustical insulation material between said inner skin and said outer skin.
8. The inlet apparatus of claim 7, wherein said perforated inner skin has a surface area and said perforations in said perforated inner skin substantially comprise twenty-three percent of said surface area of said perforated inner skin.
9. The inlet apparatus of claim 8, wherein said perforations have a diameter of three thirty seconds of an inch.
10. The inlet apparatus of claim 7, wherein said outer skin is fabricated from 18 gauge sheet metal and said inner skin is fabricated from 22 gauge perforated sheet metal.
11. The inlet apparatus of claim 7, wherein said bottom section of said housing member comprises:
an outer skin;
a perforated inner skin attached to said outer skin in a spaced-apart relationship thereto; and an acoustical insulation material between said inner skin and said outer skin.
an outer skin;
a perforated inner skin attached to said outer skin in a spaced-apart relationship thereto; and an acoustical insulation material between said inner skin and said outer skin.
12. The inlet apparatus of claim 11, wherein said bottom section has a removable centrally disposed portion removably affixed thereto.
13. The inlet apparatus of claim 1, wherein said top section of said housing member comprises:
a ring-shaped channel member defining said opening;
and a plurality of radially extending panels, portions of which are received in said ring shaped channel member and extend therefrom to form said top section.
a ring-shaped channel member defining said opening;
and a plurality of radially extending panels, portions of which are received in said ring shaped channel member and extend therefrom to form said top section.
14. The inlet apparatus of claim 13, wherein each said radially extending panel has walls and ends and wherein said walls are fabricated from a perforated material and wherein said ends are fabricated from a non-perforated material.
15. The fan inlet apparatus of claim 1, wherein said housing has an air pervious side wall portion attached to said top section and said bottom section and extending therebetween.
16. An airflow inlet apparatus for reducing noise generated by air entering an inlet of a fan, said inlet apparatus comprising:
a perforated housing member having a top section and a bottom section wherein said top section has an outer skin and a perforated inner skin attached too said outer skin in a spaced-apart relationship thereto and an acoustical insulation material between said inner skin and said outer skin and wherein said bottom section has another outer skin and another perforated inner skin attached to said another outer skin in a spaced relationship thereto and another acoustical insulation material between said another inner skin and said another outer skin;
a ring member centrally disposed in said top section and defining an opening therethrough;
a plurality of silencing members radially oriented around said opening, each said silencing member extending between said top section and said bottom section of said housing member, each said silencing member comprising a perforated support member that houses acoustically absorbent material therein.
a perforated housing member having a top section and a bottom section wherein said top section has an outer skin and a perforated inner skin attached too said outer skin in a spaced-apart relationship thereto and an acoustical insulation material between said inner skin and said outer skin and wherein said bottom section has another outer skin and another perforated inner skin attached to said another outer skin in a spaced relationship thereto and another acoustical insulation material between said another inner skin and said another outer skin;
a ring member centrally disposed in said top section and defining an opening therethrough;
a plurality of silencing members radially oriented around said opening, each said silencing member extending between said top section and said bottom section of said housing member, each said silencing member comprising a perforated support member that houses acoustically absorbent material therein.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/730,925 | 1996-10-18 | ||
US08/730,925 US5979595A (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1996-10-18 | Fan inlet flow controller |
CA002267301A CA2267301C (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-15 | Fan inlet flow controller |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002267301A Division CA2267301C (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-15 | Fan inlet flow controller |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2363869A1 CA2363869A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
CA2363869C true CA2363869C (en) | 2003-10-14 |
Family
ID=29271288
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002363869A Expired - Lifetime CA2363869C (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-15 | Fan inlet flow controller |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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CA (1) | CA2363869C (en) |
-
1997
- 1997-10-15 CA CA002363869A patent/CA2363869C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2363869A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
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