CA2363383A1 - Photodynamic stimulation device and methods - Google Patents
Photodynamic stimulation device and methods Download PDFInfo
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- CA2363383A1 CA2363383A1 CA 2363383 CA2363383A CA2363383A1 CA 2363383 A1 CA2363383 A1 CA 2363383A1 CA 2363383 CA2363383 CA 2363383 CA 2363383 A CA2363383 A CA 2363383A CA 2363383 A1 CA2363383 A1 CA 2363383A1
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- light
- tissue
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- approximately
- photosensitive substance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0428—Specially adapted for iontophoresis, e.g. AC, DC or including drug reservoirs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/325—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
- A61N5/062—Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
- A61N2005/0642—Irradiating part of the body at a certain distance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
- A61N2005/0643—Applicators, probes irradiating specific body areas in close proximity
- A61N2005/0644—Handheld applicators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/065—Light sources therefor
- A61N2005/0651—Diodes
- A61N2005/0652—Arrays of diodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/073—Radiation therapy using light using polarised light
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
- A61N5/0619—Acupuncture
Abstract
A treatment device which uses cold red and infrared radiation for the photodynamic stimulation of cells, especially cells of human tissue. The described device produces a constant energy radiation by the use of semiconductor and or laser diodes, which furthermore radiate light in several separate wavelengths due to a special operation mode. With help of sensors the advanced controller system is able to test the patients for the needed radiation doses in order to avoid over stimulation. Furthermore the radiation openings in the applicators are advantageously covered with a polarization filter, whereby the absorption in the irradiated tissue is increased. The basic equipment consists of a standpillar, with which machine applicators are connected with a jointed arm. The machine applicators are adapted for the treatment of large area tissues, for example, the back of humans. The standpillar is freely movable on wheels and includes a control mechanism, whereby the various parameters for therapy can be adjusted and switched ON and OFF. The standpillar is also connected to a hand applicator designed for the treatment of small tissue areas, e.g., acupuncture points. Another version of the hand applicator is especially devised for dental treatment, whereby the head piece of the hand applicator can be connected with an expander containing an optical fibre. Photodynamic substances are introduced into tissue to be treated, which enhances the effects of light irradiation by the inventive device. The present invention also includes a special hand applicator for introducing the light-sensitive substances into the tissue by means of air-pressure and electrical impulses (Ionto-phoresis). The advantages applied very precisely and the absorption dose can be improved and more accurately regulated without waiting time for a sufficient absorption.
Description
PHOTODYNAMIC STIMULATION DEVICE AND METHODS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates in general to electrotherapy devices and more particularly to devices and methods for photodynamic stimulation of living tissue, directly and also indirectly by stimulation of photosensitive substances introduced into or onto living tissue.
Description of the Related Art Mitochondria within cells of protozoa and metazoa represent sources of energy delivering vesicular respiration. They are moreover capable of synthesizing proteins, because they dispose from the cell nucleus an independent or self dependent genetic system ofDNA
and RNA.
The mitochondria's main function however is vesicular respiration, that is within the cells the tn~.nsformation of nutrient media and oxygen either supplied through the blood stream or in some other way into energy and endogenous substances, whereby through this transformation, waste products like water, carbon dioxide, alcohol and lactic acid are produced. Of great importance is adenosine-triphosphorus acid (ATP), which is synthesized by the mitochondria into adenosine-diphosphorus acid (ADP) and orthophosphate. Complicated 20 chemical compounds are of great importance as reaction catalyst.
Stimulation of the vesicular respiration, especially a stimulation of the ATP
production by cells, is used therapeutically, preferably for the promotion of strong use of cell energy in the healing processes and by reduction of weight, healing of wounds and a reduction of pain sensitivity due to an illness or weakness caused by hypopolarization or depolarization of the cell membrane. In general, weakening of cells caused by an increase of vesicular respiration due to stress, illness or by old age can be counteracted. In order to achieve stimulation of the mitochondria through optical radiation, two conditions must be fulfilled. The radiation must be of appropriate wavelengths in order to be elective, and a pulse frequency must be chosen to penetrate to an appropriate tissue depth without causing tissue damage or pain.
A device is known (Patent DE-U-8-13852lNormed, E. Larsen). which uses infrared radiation for the photodynamic stimulation of energy in living cells, cells at the surface of the skin and especially cells lying deeper down. The device consists of a supply and control mechanism and an applicator on which infi~red radiation fibm 900 nm (1 nm = 1 nanometer) radiating IR
(infi~ared) semiconductor diodes are mounted with reflectors for the bundling of the IR radiation fi~om the applicator. In this known device, a generator containing a controller mechanism supplies the semiconductor diodes with current pulses of a certain frequency within the range of 500 5000 Hz. A disadvantage of the known device is that the semiconductor diodes during use tend to overheat, which causes a decrease in the effectiveness of the device.
The known device therefore does not deliver a constant effect during use.
Another disadvantage is that only infrared radiation within a range of 900 nm is available, while other wavelengths may be called for to achieve cell stimulation.
Light is used for bonding and hardening of plastic composite filling materials containing an agent which is photosensitive to light of 400 - 500 nm wavelength (blue light).
Worldwide, there are many producers of such materials (e.g., 3M Corporation, which also manufactures appropriate lamps). Information on these materials and lamps may be found on the Internet.
Well known in the art is a halogen lamp with a lamp housing including a reflector and a filter to obtain light output in the 400 - 500 nm range (blue light). The housing also contains a fan to cool the lamp and filter but practical considerations concerning the size of the housing and the capacity of the fan typically result in insuihcient cooling during operation, which causes the light output to vary. This can result in improper hardening, and perhaps also shrinking, of the fillings. Further, the lamps and filters must be replaced fi~equently. And, the apparatus is bulky and thus unwieldy in use.
The halogen apparatus has in the past been used mainly for setting plastic fillings in front teeth where relatively small amounts of filling material, are used, and access is relatively easy.
Recently however, there has been speculation that so-called silver fillings (actually mercury based) which have traditionally been used in the larger teeth may pose health risks, and many patients are requesting plastic fillings instead. Fillings in the larger teeth require much more filling material, and thus much more light dosage in order to harden properly without shrinkage, than in front teeth. The di~culties of using the unwieldy halogen apparatus are thereby exacer-bated. For example, operating them at higher output results in temperature fluctuation, which in turn results in fluctuation of the light intensity which may result in improper hardening, and perhaps even shrinkage, ofthe fillings. Also, the lamps will have to be replaced more often.
In the field of dermatology, light is used as a stand-alone therapy for wounds, leg 20 ulcers, eczema, burns, etc., and as such is used to stimulate tissue directly.
Techniques are known for introducing agents for altering the light absorbing qualities of tissue to enhance the effect of light (for example, U.S. Patent 5,226,907 to Tankovich teaches contamination of hair follicles with a dark particulate material to enhance light-induced heating in the follicles for hair removal).
Treatments have included the application of substances such as photofi-in, 5-aminolevulan acid, hematoporphyrin, verteporfin, chlorins, phthalodyanines, phenothiazine, and benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid-A (ATMPn) onto or into tissue for healing solar keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, melanomas, etc. Such substances are known as "biopharmaceuticals"
and treatment with these substances has been called biopharmaceutical therapy. Therapy involving the application of biopharmaceuticals and their subsequent activation by light after they have been absorbed into tissue has been called photodynamic therapy (PDT).
PDT has been used successfi~lly in the treatment of internal inoperable cancers. A
biopharmaceutical (specifically, hematoporphyrin) is injected into the tumortissue, and an optical method known as photodynamic diagnostic (PD) is used to determine when the biopharmaceutical has been absorbed by the entire tumor. Then the tumor tissue is irradiated with light typical for a dye laser, which activates the photosensitive reactors in the hematoporphyrin, whereby singlet oxygen is liberated. Singlet oxygen is toxic to protein and phosphorlipids in the tumor tissue, whereby the tumor is destroyed without destroying the surrounding tissue.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates in general to electrotherapy devices and more particularly to devices and methods for photodynamic stimulation of living tissue, directly and also indirectly by stimulation of photosensitive substances introduced into or onto living tissue.
Description of the Related Art Mitochondria within cells of protozoa and metazoa represent sources of energy delivering vesicular respiration. They are moreover capable of synthesizing proteins, because they dispose from the cell nucleus an independent or self dependent genetic system ofDNA
and RNA.
The mitochondria's main function however is vesicular respiration, that is within the cells the tn~.nsformation of nutrient media and oxygen either supplied through the blood stream or in some other way into energy and endogenous substances, whereby through this transformation, waste products like water, carbon dioxide, alcohol and lactic acid are produced. Of great importance is adenosine-triphosphorus acid (ATP), which is synthesized by the mitochondria into adenosine-diphosphorus acid (ADP) and orthophosphate. Complicated 20 chemical compounds are of great importance as reaction catalyst.
Stimulation of the vesicular respiration, especially a stimulation of the ATP
production by cells, is used therapeutically, preferably for the promotion of strong use of cell energy in the healing processes and by reduction of weight, healing of wounds and a reduction of pain sensitivity due to an illness or weakness caused by hypopolarization or depolarization of the cell membrane. In general, weakening of cells caused by an increase of vesicular respiration due to stress, illness or by old age can be counteracted. In order to achieve stimulation of the mitochondria through optical radiation, two conditions must be fulfilled. The radiation must be of appropriate wavelengths in order to be elective, and a pulse frequency must be chosen to penetrate to an appropriate tissue depth without causing tissue damage or pain.
A device is known (Patent DE-U-8-13852lNormed, E. Larsen). which uses infrared radiation for the photodynamic stimulation of energy in living cells, cells at the surface of the skin and especially cells lying deeper down. The device consists of a supply and control mechanism and an applicator on which infi~red radiation fibm 900 nm (1 nm = 1 nanometer) radiating IR
(infi~ared) semiconductor diodes are mounted with reflectors for the bundling of the IR radiation fi~om the applicator. In this known device, a generator containing a controller mechanism supplies the semiconductor diodes with current pulses of a certain frequency within the range of 500 5000 Hz. A disadvantage of the known device is that the semiconductor diodes during use tend to overheat, which causes a decrease in the effectiveness of the device.
The known device therefore does not deliver a constant effect during use.
Another disadvantage is that only infrared radiation within a range of 900 nm is available, while other wavelengths may be called for to achieve cell stimulation.
Light is used for bonding and hardening of plastic composite filling materials containing an agent which is photosensitive to light of 400 - 500 nm wavelength (blue light).
Worldwide, there are many producers of such materials (e.g., 3M Corporation, which also manufactures appropriate lamps). Information on these materials and lamps may be found on the Internet.
Well known in the art is a halogen lamp with a lamp housing including a reflector and a filter to obtain light output in the 400 - 500 nm range (blue light). The housing also contains a fan to cool the lamp and filter but practical considerations concerning the size of the housing and the capacity of the fan typically result in insuihcient cooling during operation, which causes the light output to vary. This can result in improper hardening, and perhaps also shrinking, of the fillings. Further, the lamps and filters must be replaced fi~equently. And, the apparatus is bulky and thus unwieldy in use.
The halogen apparatus has in the past been used mainly for setting plastic fillings in front teeth where relatively small amounts of filling material, are used, and access is relatively easy.
Recently however, there has been speculation that so-called silver fillings (actually mercury based) which have traditionally been used in the larger teeth may pose health risks, and many patients are requesting plastic fillings instead. Fillings in the larger teeth require much more filling material, and thus much more light dosage in order to harden properly without shrinkage, than in front teeth. The di~culties of using the unwieldy halogen apparatus are thereby exacer-bated. For example, operating them at higher output results in temperature fluctuation, which in turn results in fluctuation of the light intensity which may result in improper hardening, and perhaps even shrinkage, ofthe fillings. Also, the lamps will have to be replaced more often.
In the field of dermatology, light is used as a stand-alone therapy for wounds, leg 20 ulcers, eczema, burns, etc., and as such is used to stimulate tissue directly.
Techniques are known for introducing agents for altering the light absorbing qualities of tissue to enhance the effect of light (for example, U.S. Patent 5,226,907 to Tankovich teaches contamination of hair follicles with a dark particulate material to enhance light-induced heating in the follicles for hair removal).
Treatments have included the application of substances such as photofi-in, 5-aminolevulan acid, hematoporphyrin, verteporfin, chlorins, phthalodyanines, phenothiazine, and benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid-A (ATMPn) onto or into tissue for healing solar keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, melanomas, etc. Such substances are known as "biopharmaceuticals"
and treatment with these substances has been called biopharmaceutical therapy. Therapy involving the application of biopharmaceuticals and their subsequent activation by light after they have been absorbed into tissue has been called photodynamic therapy (PDT).
PDT has been used successfi~lly in the treatment of internal inoperable cancers. A
biopharmaceutical (specifically, hematoporphyrin) is injected into the tumortissue, and an optical method known as photodynamic diagnostic (PD) is used to determine when the biopharmaceutical has been absorbed by the entire tumor. Then the tumor tissue is irradiated with light typical for a dye laser, which activates the photosensitive reactors in the hematoporphyrin, whereby singlet oxygen is liberated. Singlet oxygen is toxic to protein and phosphorlipids in the tumor tissue, whereby the tumor is destroyed without destroying the surrounding tissue.
For treatment of skin keratosis (pre-cancerous tissue), trials with, for example, 5- aminolevulinic acid have shown that it can be used effectively in PDT if introduced into oil in a water suspension which is then applied to skin keratosis and then irradiated with a light source. A fast and cosmetically perfect healing has been attained with a very low rate of recurrence compared to conventional treatments, such as cryotherapy. In view of these favourable test results, it is anticipated that pharmaceutical companies will be marketing the next generations of PDT
chemicals in convenient forms, such as creams, suspensions, sprays, etc.
The light source typically used to irradiate PDT chemicals is commonly known as the surgical laser, a solid-state laser which is bulky, and which is expensive both to purchase and to operate.
Surgical lasers are designed primarily for cutting, i.e., they output very high energy in a very small spot, and are thus difficult to adapt to the requirement to irradiate a more generalized area for PDT. Further, they generally radiate at a single wavelength. Radiation at several wavelengths is desirable in PDT, for several reasons: a single wavelength may cause the patient to experience burning pain in the tissue adjoining the tissue under treatment; some photosensitive chemicals respond to two different wavelengths; and, some pigmented melanomas do not respond to visible radiation due to absorption in the pigment (typically melanin), and must be irradiated with near-infrared light.
Common dermatological diseases like acne, warts, and onycho-mycosis (nail fungus) can successfully be treated with light as a stand-alone treatment, but recent work indicates that treatments using PDT (with ALA/5-aminolevulanic acid) give excellent results with only two or three treatments.
In a recent pilot study using PDT to treat acne, the cosmetic results were excellent, and oil gland activity which causes acne, and the resultant inflammation, were reduced for as much as twenty weeks after a series of PDT treatments. (The PDT treatments precipitated immediate but short-term inflammatory reactions.) In general the photodynamic stimulation used in the physiotherapy is producing very good results, but in the area of long-term chronic diseases such as gout, arthritis, etc. there is often a need for many treatments, as many as 12 -20 treatments spaced over a period of time. Also, initial phases of such treatment often cause reactions, which in turn cause pain and discomfort.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a device using red and infrared radiation of several wavelength ranges suited for the photodynamic stimulation of the cell energy in living cells, in particular human cells ofboth surface and underlying tissue. Furthermore, blue light is provided as well to enhance vesicular respiration, particularly stimulation of the ATP production in cells, thus enhancing the therapeutic capabilities of the device.
The device consists of a standpillar, with which machine applicators are connected through a jointed arm. The standpillar, freely moveable on wheels, consists ofcontrol mechanism, whereby the desired therapy data can be adjusted and the device can be switched ON and OFF. The plain surface applicators can consist of more applicators placed side by side, connected and moveable with each other through hinges, whereby the applicators are suitable for the treatment of large-area tissues, for example, the human back.
The applicators contain printed circuit boards mounted with semiconductor diodes and/or laser diodes (in large numbers) and the diodes are mounted with reflectors, which collect the radiation and bundle them in front of the applicator. At least one of the applicator elements is equipped with sensors for controlling if the amount of radiation is suitable for the patient. The applicator contains a polarization filter, which is placed directly in front of the diodes. The control mechanism is also connected with a hand applicator, which is constructed for treatment of small tissue areas, e.g., acupuncture points and trigger points (pain points).
The hand applicator includes a cylindrical shaft, to which a headpiece is connected. At the head piece a printed circuit board is fastened mounted with semiconductor diodes or laser diodes.
The light radiation emits finm a cleft in the head piece, which also has a light radiation opening in the front. In the head piece, in finnt of the opening, a lens for the focusing of the light rays and a polarization filter is placed. A second version hand applicator, which is especially invented for dental treatment shows at the front end of the shaft a printed circuit board, where an IR (infrared) light semiconductor diode or laser diode and a blue light semiconductor diode are placed. The head piece in finnt of the printed circuit board can be rotated 180° so that the expander, which contains an optical fibre, can be positioned in front of either the one or the other radiation source.
The invention provides multiple wavelength stimulation that is effective in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT) chemicals. Such chemicals are applied or injected into or onto tissue to be treated, and subsequent photo-stimulation ofthem causes reactions in them that result in treating the tissue. Irradiation at multiple wavelengths enhances the effects of PDT chemicals while reducing discomfort to the patient.
The present invention provides an apparatus including a semiconductor light source including a hand applicator. The hand applicator can selectively emit light of various wavelengths and introduce the light-sensitive substances into the tissue by means of air-pressure and electrical impulses (Ionto-phoresis). The absorption time, depending on the type of light-reactive substances, may vary from 1 to 24 hours without this technique. Other advantages with the described technique are that the light-sensitive substances can be applied very precisely and the absorption dose can be improved and more accurately regulated.
The present invention provides an apparatus including a semiconductor light source, and further includes a hand applicator. The applicator may selectively emit blue light for the bonding and hardening of composite plastic fillings or infrared light for treatment of dental pain, gingivitis, and wounds. In order to optimize bonding by the blue light, output of the hand applicator is supplied at 25 % of fill power for the first ten seconds of the radiation time, and then is switched to full power.
Other advantages of the invention will become evident from the following description of the invention and from the appended drawings, wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a drawing of the inventive device in perspective description;
Figs. 1 a, l b, 1 c illustrate details from the machine applicator of the inventive device;
Fig. 3 illustrates a jointed arm used for the movable connection ofthe machine applicators;
Fig. 4 is a circuit block diagram of a controller unit, which supplies the applicators.
Fig. 5 depicts a hand applicator according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 depicts an applicator conforming to Fig. 5 with axial light emission;
Fig. 7 depicts an applicator conforming to Fig. S with radial light emission;
Fig. 8 an applicator with a rotary headpiece;
Fig 9. shows details of a printed circuit board for the applicator of Fig. 8;
and Fig. 10 depicts the molecular structure of ammi visnaga, a herbal substance for use with the presentinvention.
Fig. 11 shows the air unit with the hand applicator belonging to this part of the invention device.
Fig. 12 illustrates an exchangeable round head for the hand applicator.
Fig. 13a shows the hand applicator for light-sensitive substances in a bottom view.
Fig. 13b illustrates the hand applicator in a side view.
As shown in Fig. 1, the inventive device 10 for the energy stimulation of cells consists of a standpillar 11, with which machine applicators 13 (in the following just called applicators 13) are connected through a jointed arm 12. The standpillar 11 is also connected by an electric circuit 14 with hand applicator 15. The standpillar 11, freely movable on wheels, includes control mechanism 16 (described in Fig. 4). whereby the fimction of the control mechanism 16 can be adjusted and switched ON/OFF at a control board 30 (also called description equipment 30).
The Fig. 2a, 2b and 2c show plain surfaced applicators 13. which can be used in the working model according to Fig. 2a to 2c individually, side by side (in large numbers) or in combination with an applicator. According to Fig. 2 a, the applicators 13 in the working model are mounted in a shifting order with semiconductor diodes 17 and 17a (in the following called diodes), whereby shifting the order of diodes 17 means, that the respective diode 17a of one row is placed at the point of intersection of the two diagonals through the two respective diodes 17, which are placed adjoining on both sides. The diodes 17 and 17a are mounted with reflectors 18, which collect the radiation and bundle it in front of the applicator 13. The applicator contains a polarization filter, which is placed directly in finnt of the semiconductor diodes 17 and 17a, whereby the radiation can be better absorbed by the irradiated tissue.
According to Fig. 2b and 2c the diodes 17 are placed in regular row arrangements, i.e., 20 equidistant from each other, whereby, according to Fig. 2c, one applicator 13 additional to the diodes 17 has a light source 19. The diodes 17 radiate light in three wavelengths which are 600, 900 and 1200 nm, i.e., red and infrared (IR) radiation. The light source 19 formed as a cylinder as well as the diodes 17a (Fig. 2a) radiate light with a wavelength of 350 - 500 nm, i.e., blue light.
For the treatment of large-area tissues according to Fig. 1, more applicators 13 are connected and movable with respect to each other through hinges 10, respectively connecting one edge with the other, whereby the applicators are suitable for the treatment of, for example, the backs of humans and so become adjustable for an equidistant positioning of the applicators 13.
The joint arm 12, shown at Fig. 3, connects one or more applicators) 13 with the standpillar 11.
The jointed arm 12 has three joint Garners. 21, 22, 23, where the joint carrier 21, together with the standpillar 11 and the joint carrier 23 are moveable at a free end through a fixing joint 24 connected with one or more applicators 13. Another fixing joint 25 connects the joint carrier 23 with 21, while the joint carrier 22 is connected with the joint carrier 21 with a hinge 26. The joint carrier 21 is connected with the standpillar 11 through a joint 27. The jointed arm 12 thereby allows the positioning of the applicators 13 in front of, or above, a tissue area while maintaining a correct positioning distance. The jointed arm 12 also carries the electrical circuits 14 (not further described) from the control mechanism 16, which is integrated in standpillar 11, to the applicators) 13.
According to Fig. 4 the controller mechanism 16 consists of a generator 28, a timer 29, and a display 30. With help of the generator 28 the current impulses necessary to the production of light are contributed, while over timer 29, all time functions are adjustable, e.g.
the duration of treatment. Display 30 shows pertinent treatment data, as current pulse frequency, pulse length and pulse amplitude. With help of the controller mechanism 16 the inventive device with reference to duration, amplitude and frequency of surge of current is adjustable within a relatively large range, so that the diodes 17, 17a and 19, as well as laser 17 diodes with the same realization as diode 17, can be used as light sources. For that purpose the controller mechanism is equipped with a changeover switch for operating either with semiconductor diodes 17 or with laser diodes.
For the semiconductor diode mode, operating diodes 17 and at the same time the diodes 17a or 19 for blue light are supplied with current pulse frequencies from 200 to 20,000 Hz with current pulse lengths between 2 and 200 microseconds, preferably between 2 and 20 microseconds, and current pulse amplitudes from 12 to 25 Volts. Operating this way overheating is avoided because of the short current pulse lengths. Therefore operation with a constant effect is attained. At the same time at each diode 17, produces simultaneous light emissions within the three separate wavelengths 600, 900 and 1200 nm. Through a simultaneous stimulation of the blue light diode's 17a, and 19, there are four radiation ranges with wavelengths of 350 - 500 nm (blue-light) as well as 600, 900 and 1200 nm which is available for therapeutic use. Light within the range of blue light stimulates activities within the cells and through that the regeneration of fatigued and sick tissue, especially the decomposition of fatty deposits during weight reduction therapy. The main radiation comes from the infiared semiconductor diodes 17. Radiation within the range of 600 nm stimulates primarily the vesicular respiration of the upper tissue, while the radiation within the range of 900 nm causes a stimulation of cells from the tissue surface down to about 70 mm in the deeper tissue. The radiation within the range of 1200 nm penetrates even deeper into the tissue and stimulates especially the water absorption in a living organism.
For the second operating mode, namely the laser operating mode, laser diodes work as light sources 17 supplied with current pulses with a frequency from 200 and 20,000 Hz, a current pulse length between 2 and 200 nanoseconds, preferably between 2 and 20 nanoseconds, and a current pulse amplitude from 40 to 400 Volts. A laser radiation with a wavelength somewhere in the range from 400-1500 nm would have the same therapeutic effect as light ofthe same wavelength produced by semiconductor diodes 17, as long as the laser operating mode keeps the current pulse length for the photodynamic biostimulation within a range of 2 - 200 nanoseconds.
Adjustment to short pulse lengths within the range of 2 to 20 nanoseconds combined with a high operating potential results in a double-photon radiation of the laser diode, which again causes a blue light radiation within the wavelength range of 350 - 500 nm. With the help of this two-photon tool in the right infrared range the relatively large energy of the blue light, which normally is already absorbed at the skin's surface, can be transmitted much deeper down into the tissue. During the absorption of the double photons (2.8 e. v.) cytochromes within the range of blue light are made active. Moreover the double photons stimulate the activity of the chymotrypsin enzymes.
The applicators 13, according to the Fig. 2a. 2b and 2c, are equipped with sensors 32 arranged between the semiconductor or laser diodes 17. For therapeutic uses it is typically intended to apply a given amount of energy (Joule/cm2) per irradiated surface of tissue, which can be adjusted at the controller mechanism 16. Sensors 32 measure the amount of energy radiated away finm the skin surface, which is indicative of the total energy penetrating into the tissue. Taking into account individual variations finm patient to patient, the exposure can be determined according the measurements taken by sensors 32 so that the correct amount of therapeutic energy (Joule/cm2) reaches the tissue. An increase of the registered amount of energy can be achieved by the inventive device by increasing the operating potential (and thereby the pulse amplitude) or the pulse frequency and/or prolonging the duration of the treatment time through an adjustment of the controller mechanism 16.
While the applicators 13 according to Figs. 2a. 2b and 2c are constructed for the treatment of larger tissue areas, the hand applicator's 15a, 15b according to figs. 5 and 8 are constructed for the treatment of small tissue areas.
The hand applicator 1 Sa includes a cylindrical shaft 34 to which a headpiece 35 is connected. At the head piece 35 a printed circuit board 36 is fastened with light sources mainly from semiconductor diodes 17 (not described). At the printed circuit board 36 there can also be placed a blue light semiconductor diode 17a, which is stimulated in the same way as the diodes of the applicators 13, so that light 38 of wavelengths 400, 600, 900 and 1200 nanometers is available, and according to Fig. 7, radiates finm a cleft 37 in the head piece 35. For the polarization of the light rays, a polarization filter 41 is placed in front of the printed circuit board 36. The use of the polarization filter brings about the advantage that the radiation can be better absorbed by the treated tissue. The head piece 35 also has a radiation opening in the front 39. In headpiece 35, in front of the opening 39, are placed a lens for the focusing of the light rays 30 and a polarization filter 41, whereby as shown in Fig. 6 a light source (not described) radiates light 38 in an axial direction through lens 40 and polarization filter 41. The device with this kind of light 38 emission is especially designed for the treatment of small tissue areas, e.g.
acupuncture points.
In the field of dermatology, light is used as a stand-alone therapy for wounds, leg ulcers, eczema, bums, etc., and as such is used to stimulate tissue directly. Light may also be used to treat tissue using photodynamic therapy (PDT) by activating chemical reactions in photosensitive chemicals introduced into or onto the tissue, such as photofrin, S-aminolevulan acid, hematoporphyrin, verteporfin, chlorins, phthalodyanines, phenothiazine, and benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid-A (A TMPn) etc. for healing solar keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, melanomas, etc.
PDT substances may be administered in various forms: lotion or cream for topical application, tablets or capsules for oral injection, and local injection of solutions.
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is a solution which has the property of breaking down the barrier of the skin and is often used before- administering PDT substances in order to increase the absorption thereof. Alternatively, PDT substances may be mixed with DMSO for application to the skin.
An instrument consisting of a handle with a head, wherein a number of needles connected to a spring arrangement can be used to pierce small, closely distanced holes in the upper layer ofthe skin before the PDT substances are applied, in order to increase and accelerate the absorption.
Treatment by light irradiation with the inventive device should not commence until sufficient absorption by the target tissue is obtained. Simply waiting for empirically determined times to elapse can suffice, or photodynamic diagnostic (PD) may be employed to determine absorption.
PD comprises viewing the target area under illumination of a particular spectral content (such as fibm a fluorescent wood lamp) and observing apparent colour of the target tissue.
High-intensity treatments (higher doses of PDT substances and strong irradiation) are used where it is desired to destroy tissue, as in destroying tumor tissue to cure cancer, or in hair removal where it is desired to destroy the hair follicle. Low-intensity treatments are used where it is desired to energize affected cells and to stimulate the local immune system, as in the rehabilitation of epicondylitis, tendinitis, arthritis, arthroses, gout, and pulmonary diseases; or in the treatment of acne, actinic keratoses, warts, onychomycosis, psoriasis, dermatitis, and basal carcinoma; and in improving the appearance of wrinkles, cellulite, and fat deposits.
Low-intensity treatments have been observed to activate aspects ofthe local immune system such as the macrophages, which produce prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) and TNF (pro-inflammatory zytokines). There have also been observed an accumulation of leucozytes in the venoles, and higher activity of the lymphozytes and plasma cells in the skin. The residual 5 content TNF-a of pro inflammatory zytokines has been detected in the urine of patients after having PDT treatment.
Treatment with the inventive device further enhances the efficacy of medicinal substances by photo-phoresis, a process of propelling fluids into the skin or tissue and propelling molecules through cell walls. The absorption process is speeded up, and amount of PDT
substance absorbed is increased. Other methods of phoresis are in use, such as galvanic-iono-phoresis, exchange phoresis, and phono-phoresis. These methods create a concentration gradient across the skin, and a resultant Brownian molecular motion creates a thermal influence which enhances transfer of medicaments. However, this warming may be uncomfortable, and may render impossible a facelift using a collagen face-mask, since collagen will not withstand temperatures above 27 degrees Celsius.
Photofrin is PDT substance which is administered by injection, at a dosage of 1 - 2 mg. per kg. of the patient's weight. 48 hours is allowed for absorption of the photofrin by the tissue to be treated, during which time the patient is kept in dim light. The treatment consists of irradiation by the inventive device. The patient remains photosensitive for 6 to 8 weeks, and should avoid strong light and direct sunlight during that time.
ALA (5-Aminolavulinacid) is externally applied as a 10 to 20 percent mixture in an oil in water emulsion or in a cream. 4 to 6 hours is allowed for absorption, during which time the patient should remain in dim light. After treatment by irradiation from the inventive device, the patient remains photosensitive for 24 to 48 hours, during which he should avoid strong light and direct sunlight.
L-Phenylalanin is applied in liquid form as a lotion or a spray or in a cream form, in a 5 to 30 percent mixture according the severity of the condition to be treated. Optical irradiation with the inventive device may begin almost immediately. Alternatively, doses of 50 to 100 mg may be taken orally 30 to 60 minutes before irradiation. The patient is photosensitive for 24 hours after application.
Ammi visnaga is an herbal substance obtained from a dried extract of the fiuit ammeos visnagae fi~uctus. Its molecular structure is depicted in Fig. 10. Fluid application of a S to 30 percent mixture (according to pathology) in the form of a lotion, spray, or cream is performed shortly (30 minutes) before irradiation, or an oral dose of 100 mg. is given 2 to 3 hours before irradiation.
The patient need not be kept in a darkened room before irradiation, and may be subjected to normal incidence of direct sunlight immediately after treatment.
Tests indicate that ammi visnaga solution prepared in the homeopathic manner is effective at lower concentrations, which is advantageous both from the standpoint of economics (the amrni visnaga extract may cost several dollars per gram) and because of a lowered risk oftoxicity (side effects). In a homeopathic preparation, the herb is first micronized and a weak solution in a fluid medium such as alcohol, sterile water, or oil (glycerine) is prepared and bottled. Vibrations are introduced into it by concussing the bottle repetitively against a medium-hard surFace such as a rubber plate on a table, or by subjecting the bottle to low- fi~equency (1 to 500 Hz.) electromagnetic vibrations, which pulls energy out of the micronized herb into the entire solution. The solution must be prepared so that the molecule size is comparable to that for amino acids, so that the molecules may easily permeate cell membranes.
PDT has been used successfully in the treatment of internal inoperable cancers. A
biopharmaceutical (specifically, hematoporphyrin) is injected into the tumortissue, and an optical method known as photodynamic diagnostic (PD) is used to determine when the biopharmaceutical has been absorbed by the entire tumor. Then the tumor tissue is irradiated with light typical for a dye laser, which activates the photosensitive reactors in the hematoporphyrin, whereby singlet oxygen is liberated. Singlet oxygen is toxic to protein and phosphor lipids in the tumor tissue, whereby the tumor is destroyed without destroying the surrounding tissue.
For treatment of skin keratosis (precancerous tissue), trials with, for example, 5- aminolevulinic acid have shown that it can be used effectively in PDT if introduced into oil in a water suspension which is then applied to skin keratosis and then irradiated with a light source. A fast and cosmetically perfect healing has been attained with a very low rate of recurrence compared to conventional treatments, such as cryotherapy.
Common dermatological diseases like acne, warts, onycho-mycosis (nail fungus) and wrinkle treatment can be successfully and effectively treated using PDT (with ALA/5-aminolevulanic acid) at a lower concentration than has conventionally been used. The treatment works not by causing cell death as light treatment has historically done, but instead works by stimulating the immune system so as to enable it to better control the inflammatory reaction to oil gland activity.
The irradiation at multiple wavelengths as provided by the present invention enhances the efficacy of treatment in this manner.
Stimulating the immune system so as to reduce inflammatory reactions has also been found effective in the therapy of many other conditions, for example, epicondylitis (tennis elbow), tendinitis, gout, arthritis, arthroses, pulmonary diseases, and numerous other muscular and joint symptoms. Good results have been obtained with PDT in conjunction with the present invention's multiple wavelength output. Studies indicate that the patient often is pain-free after only one treatment, and the number of treatments can be reduced to 3 - 4, instead of 12 - 20 as required without the inventive device.
The PDT substance is applied topically as cream or oil in water suspension, typically a 10 - 20 percent solution. Augmented action may be obtained by use of injection instead of or in addition to topical application. A large joint such as the knee requires 10 - 12 subcutaneous or intra-muscular injections, preferably at the trigger points, while for a smaller joint such as the elbow 5 -6 injections is su~cient. First the trigger points are found and irradiated for 30 seconds with hand applicator of the present invention. This gives an anaesthetic effect, which is useful for lessening discomfort from the injections. (Injection at the trigger points is known for reduction of pain).
Then, after determination that the PDT substance is absorbed by the target tissue, the surface applicator of the present invention is folded around the target joint and irradiation takes place for CA 02363383 2001-11-13 , ..
30 minutes. Ammi visnaga can be selected as a homeopathic PDT solution both for topical use and for the trigger-point injections.
Good results have also been obtained in the physiotherapy and physical rehabilitation with the present invention ability to radiate visible light in conjunction with several wavelengths of infi~ared light which is able to penetrate to deep tissue.
Fig. 8, in connection with Fig. 9, describes a hand applicator 1 Sb, which is especially intended for dental treatment. The applicator 1 Sb shows at the finnt end of the shaft 42 a printed circuit board 43, where an IR semiconductor diode (IR infi~.red light) 44 and a semiconductor diode (blue light) 45 are placed, where the diode 44 is stimulated to radiate light with the described three wavelengths and the diode 45 is stimulated to radiate the described wavelength range of 350 -500 nm. In front of the printed circuit board 43 a head piece 46 is placed, connected with a fastened hollow expander 47, in which an optical fibre is sealed (not shown).
The head piece 46 is in front of the printed circuit board 43 so it can be rotated 180°, so that the expander 47 can be positioned in front of either the diodes 44 or 45. If the expander 47 is positioned, for example, in fibnt of the diode 44, light with the wavelengths 600, 900 and 1200 nanometer is transmitted through the optical fibre in expander 47 and ultimately strikes the tissue, e.g. gum tissue, through which painful gingival diseases can be eliminated. Through a positioning ofthe expander 47 in front of the blue light semiconductor diode 45, blue light is conducted through the expander 47, with which plastic fillings in teeth can be hardened. It is obvious that the light rays with this form of execution can also be conducted through polarization fibers. Furthermore, the two hand applicators are equipped with sensors 32 for the same purpose as described for the applicators 13. The control unit of the present invention causes output of the blue light to be at 25 % of full output for the first ten seconds, and full power thereafter. This results in better hardening of the fillings, without shrinkage.
Fig.l l Shows a diagram of the air-pressure unit 48, which can either be built into the control mechanism of the device or produced as a separate device connectable with the invented photodynamic stimulation device. The air unit can either be produced as a rechargeable alr-tank or as a small air-compressor with container. The container outlet is equipped with a reduction valve 51, combined with a pressure meter 52, well known of their ark The electronic valve 51 a in the air tube 49 leading to the hand applicator 50 can be switched on fi-om the hand applicator and the ON impulses can be regulated at the control mechanism 53 . The current impulses 63 and amplitude 64 for the ionto-phoresis treatment are also adjustable at the control mechanism.
Fig.l2 lllustrates an exchangeable mund head 56 for the hand applicator, which can be exchanged by a click in bracket (not illustrated). The treatment head 56 is changeable according to the purpose of radiation, so that a round head could be used for treating round spots, while a rectangular head 56a would be preferable for treating wrinkles.
Fig.13a The hand applicator is illustrated in a bottom view, mounted with a rectangular treatment head 56a. Next to treatment head the semiconductor and or laser diodes 17, 17a, 18 is placed in rows covered of a polarization filter 37 and/or lens system. There is also integrated a sensor 32 for feedback measurement.
Fig.l3b shows a drawing of the hand applicator 50, which can be used for the following purposes:
- Introducing light-reactive substances to the tissue with the aid of air-pressure pulses - Introducing light-reactive substances to the tissue by help of ionto-phoresis - Radiating the tissue with a mix of light radiation which can be selected at the control mechanism.
The hand applicator contains a valve 55 placed just after the air inlet, prohibiting the substances finm nmning back into the air tube 49. The treatment head is mounted with a sensor 57 permitting exposure only on skin contact and fiuthermore the head also contains a valve-system 58 which opens only on skin contact, thus preventing the substances firm running out ofthe head before it touches the skin.
The chamber 59 containing the substances is placed next to the air duct in the hand applicator 50 and the chamber is connected with a dosage pump 60, so that the amount of substance per air-shot can be dosed very accurately.
The hand applicator's 50 housing is made of an insulating material, and the treatment head 56 is made of an electrically conductive material so that it can also be used for ionto-phoresis treatment combined with air-pressure treatment in order to attain maximum absorption.
Around the treatment head the semiconductor and/or laser diodes 17, 17a, 18 are placed for the selective light radiation.
The ON/OFF switches 54, 61, 62 for operating the hand applicator are placed on the top of the applicator. During the ionto-phoresis treatment the patient must hold an electric conductor 65 handle in his hand.
Thus, while there have been shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details ofthe devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope ofthe invention. Moreover, it should be recognized that stmctures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
chemicals in convenient forms, such as creams, suspensions, sprays, etc.
The light source typically used to irradiate PDT chemicals is commonly known as the surgical laser, a solid-state laser which is bulky, and which is expensive both to purchase and to operate.
Surgical lasers are designed primarily for cutting, i.e., they output very high energy in a very small spot, and are thus difficult to adapt to the requirement to irradiate a more generalized area for PDT. Further, they generally radiate at a single wavelength. Radiation at several wavelengths is desirable in PDT, for several reasons: a single wavelength may cause the patient to experience burning pain in the tissue adjoining the tissue under treatment; some photosensitive chemicals respond to two different wavelengths; and, some pigmented melanomas do not respond to visible radiation due to absorption in the pigment (typically melanin), and must be irradiated with near-infrared light.
Common dermatological diseases like acne, warts, and onycho-mycosis (nail fungus) can successfully be treated with light as a stand-alone treatment, but recent work indicates that treatments using PDT (with ALA/5-aminolevulanic acid) give excellent results with only two or three treatments.
In a recent pilot study using PDT to treat acne, the cosmetic results were excellent, and oil gland activity which causes acne, and the resultant inflammation, were reduced for as much as twenty weeks after a series of PDT treatments. (The PDT treatments precipitated immediate but short-term inflammatory reactions.) In general the photodynamic stimulation used in the physiotherapy is producing very good results, but in the area of long-term chronic diseases such as gout, arthritis, etc. there is often a need for many treatments, as many as 12 -20 treatments spaced over a period of time. Also, initial phases of such treatment often cause reactions, which in turn cause pain and discomfort.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a device using red and infrared radiation of several wavelength ranges suited for the photodynamic stimulation of the cell energy in living cells, in particular human cells ofboth surface and underlying tissue. Furthermore, blue light is provided as well to enhance vesicular respiration, particularly stimulation of the ATP production in cells, thus enhancing the therapeutic capabilities of the device.
The device consists of a standpillar, with which machine applicators are connected through a jointed arm. The standpillar, freely moveable on wheels, consists ofcontrol mechanism, whereby the desired therapy data can be adjusted and the device can be switched ON and OFF. The plain surface applicators can consist of more applicators placed side by side, connected and moveable with each other through hinges, whereby the applicators are suitable for the treatment of large-area tissues, for example, the human back.
The applicators contain printed circuit boards mounted with semiconductor diodes and/or laser diodes (in large numbers) and the diodes are mounted with reflectors, which collect the radiation and bundle them in front of the applicator. At least one of the applicator elements is equipped with sensors for controlling if the amount of radiation is suitable for the patient. The applicator contains a polarization filter, which is placed directly in front of the diodes. The control mechanism is also connected with a hand applicator, which is constructed for treatment of small tissue areas, e.g., acupuncture points and trigger points (pain points).
The hand applicator includes a cylindrical shaft, to which a headpiece is connected. At the head piece a printed circuit board is fastened mounted with semiconductor diodes or laser diodes.
The light radiation emits finm a cleft in the head piece, which also has a light radiation opening in the front. In the head piece, in finnt of the opening, a lens for the focusing of the light rays and a polarization filter is placed. A second version hand applicator, which is especially invented for dental treatment shows at the front end of the shaft a printed circuit board, where an IR (infrared) light semiconductor diode or laser diode and a blue light semiconductor diode are placed. The head piece in finnt of the printed circuit board can be rotated 180° so that the expander, which contains an optical fibre, can be positioned in front of either the one or the other radiation source.
The invention provides multiple wavelength stimulation that is effective in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT) chemicals. Such chemicals are applied or injected into or onto tissue to be treated, and subsequent photo-stimulation ofthem causes reactions in them that result in treating the tissue. Irradiation at multiple wavelengths enhances the effects of PDT chemicals while reducing discomfort to the patient.
The present invention provides an apparatus including a semiconductor light source including a hand applicator. The hand applicator can selectively emit light of various wavelengths and introduce the light-sensitive substances into the tissue by means of air-pressure and electrical impulses (Ionto-phoresis). The absorption time, depending on the type of light-reactive substances, may vary from 1 to 24 hours without this technique. Other advantages with the described technique are that the light-sensitive substances can be applied very precisely and the absorption dose can be improved and more accurately regulated.
The present invention provides an apparatus including a semiconductor light source, and further includes a hand applicator. The applicator may selectively emit blue light for the bonding and hardening of composite plastic fillings or infrared light for treatment of dental pain, gingivitis, and wounds. In order to optimize bonding by the blue light, output of the hand applicator is supplied at 25 % of fill power for the first ten seconds of the radiation time, and then is switched to full power.
Other advantages of the invention will become evident from the following description of the invention and from the appended drawings, wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a drawing of the inventive device in perspective description;
Figs. 1 a, l b, 1 c illustrate details from the machine applicator of the inventive device;
Fig. 3 illustrates a jointed arm used for the movable connection ofthe machine applicators;
Fig. 4 is a circuit block diagram of a controller unit, which supplies the applicators.
Fig. 5 depicts a hand applicator according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 depicts an applicator conforming to Fig. 5 with axial light emission;
Fig. 7 depicts an applicator conforming to Fig. S with radial light emission;
Fig. 8 an applicator with a rotary headpiece;
Fig 9. shows details of a printed circuit board for the applicator of Fig. 8;
and Fig. 10 depicts the molecular structure of ammi visnaga, a herbal substance for use with the presentinvention.
Fig. 11 shows the air unit with the hand applicator belonging to this part of the invention device.
Fig. 12 illustrates an exchangeable round head for the hand applicator.
Fig. 13a shows the hand applicator for light-sensitive substances in a bottom view.
Fig. 13b illustrates the hand applicator in a side view.
As shown in Fig. 1, the inventive device 10 for the energy stimulation of cells consists of a standpillar 11, with which machine applicators 13 (in the following just called applicators 13) are connected through a jointed arm 12. The standpillar 11 is also connected by an electric circuit 14 with hand applicator 15. The standpillar 11, freely movable on wheels, includes control mechanism 16 (described in Fig. 4). whereby the fimction of the control mechanism 16 can be adjusted and switched ON/OFF at a control board 30 (also called description equipment 30).
The Fig. 2a, 2b and 2c show plain surfaced applicators 13. which can be used in the working model according to Fig. 2a to 2c individually, side by side (in large numbers) or in combination with an applicator. According to Fig. 2 a, the applicators 13 in the working model are mounted in a shifting order with semiconductor diodes 17 and 17a (in the following called diodes), whereby shifting the order of diodes 17 means, that the respective diode 17a of one row is placed at the point of intersection of the two diagonals through the two respective diodes 17, which are placed adjoining on both sides. The diodes 17 and 17a are mounted with reflectors 18, which collect the radiation and bundle it in front of the applicator 13. The applicator contains a polarization filter, which is placed directly in finnt of the semiconductor diodes 17 and 17a, whereby the radiation can be better absorbed by the irradiated tissue.
According to Fig. 2b and 2c the diodes 17 are placed in regular row arrangements, i.e., 20 equidistant from each other, whereby, according to Fig. 2c, one applicator 13 additional to the diodes 17 has a light source 19. The diodes 17 radiate light in three wavelengths which are 600, 900 and 1200 nm, i.e., red and infrared (IR) radiation. The light source 19 formed as a cylinder as well as the diodes 17a (Fig. 2a) radiate light with a wavelength of 350 - 500 nm, i.e., blue light.
For the treatment of large-area tissues according to Fig. 1, more applicators 13 are connected and movable with respect to each other through hinges 10, respectively connecting one edge with the other, whereby the applicators are suitable for the treatment of, for example, the backs of humans and so become adjustable for an equidistant positioning of the applicators 13.
The joint arm 12, shown at Fig. 3, connects one or more applicators) 13 with the standpillar 11.
The jointed arm 12 has three joint Garners. 21, 22, 23, where the joint carrier 21, together with the standpillar 11 and the joint carrier 23 are moveable at a free end through a fixing joint 24 connected with one or more applicators 13. Another fixing joint 25 connects the joint carrier 23 with 21, while the joint carrier 22 is connected with the joint carrier 21 with a hinge 26. The joint carrier 21 is connected with the standpillar 11 through a joint 27. The jointed arm 12 thereby allows the positioning of the applicators 13 in front of, or above, a tissue area while maintaining a correct positioning distance. The jointed arm 12 also carries the electrical circuits 14 (not further described) from the control mechanism 16, which is integrated in standpillar 11, to the applicators) 13.
According to Fig. 4 the controller mechanism 16 consists of a generator 28, a timer 29, and a display 30. With help of the generator 28 the current impulses necessary to the production of light are contributed, while over timer 29, all time functions are adjustable, e.g.
the duration of treatment. Display 30 shows pertinent treatment data, as current pulse frequency, pulse length and pulse amplitude. With help of the controller mechanism 16 the inventive device with reference to duration, amplitude and frequency of surge of current is adjustable within a relatively large range, so that the diodes 17, 17a and 19, as well as laser 17 diodes with the same realization as diode 17, can be used as light sources. For that purpose the controller mechanism is equipped with a changeover switch for operating either with semiconductor diodes 17 or with laser diodes.
For the semiconductor diode mode, operating diodes 17 and at the same time the diodes 17a or 19 for blue light are supplied with current pulse frequencies from 200 to 20,000 Hz with current pulse lengths between 2 and 200 microseconds, preferably between 2 and 20 microseconds, and current pulse amplitudes from 12 to 25 Volts. Operating this way overheating is avoided because of the short current pulse lengths. Therefore operation with a constant effect is attained. At the same time at each diode 17, produces simultaneous light emissions within the three separate wavelengths 600, 900 and 1200 nm. Through a simultaneous stimulation of the blue light diode's 17a, and 19, there are four radiation ranges with wavelengths of 350 - 500 nm (blue-light) as well as 600, 900 and 1200 nm which is available for therapeutic use. Light within the range of blue light stimulates activities within the cells and through that the regeneration of fatigued and sick tissue, especially the decomposition of fatty deposits during weight reduction therapy. The main radiation comes from the infiared semiconductor diodes 17. Radiation within the range of 600 nm stimulates primarily the vesicular respiration of the upper tissue, while the radiation within the range of 900 nm causes a stimulation of cells from the tissue surface down to about 70 mm in the deeper tissue. The radiation within the range of 1200 nm penetrates even deeper into the tissue and stimulates especially the water absorption in a living organism.
For the second operating mode, namely the laser operating mode, laser diodes work as light sources 17 supplied with current pulses with a frequency from 200 and 20,000 Hz, a current pulse length between 2 and 200 nanoseconds, preferably between 2 and 20 nanoseconds, and a current pulse amplitude from 40 to 400 Volts. A laser radiation with a wavelength somewhere in the range from 400-1500 nm would have the same therapeutic effect as light ofthe same wavelength produced by semiconductor diodes 17, as long as the laser operating mode keeps the current pulse length for the photodynamic biostimulation within a range of 2 - 200 nanoseconds.
Adjustment to short pulse lengths within the range of 2 to 20 nanoseconds combined with a high operating potential results in a double-photon radiation of the laser diode, which again causes a blue light radiation within the wavelength range of 350 - 500 nm. With the help of this two-photon tool in the right infrared range the relatively large energy of the blue light, which normally is already absorbed at the skin's surface, can be transmitted much deeper down into the tissue. During the absorption of the double photons (2.8 e. v.) cytochromes within the range of blue light are made active. Moreover the double photons stimulate the activity of the chymotrypsin enzymes.
The applicators 13, according to the Fig. 2a. 2b and 2c, are equipped with sensors 32 arranged between the semiconductor or laser diodes 17. For therapeutic uses it is typically intended to apply a given amount of energy (Joule/cm2) per irradiated surface of tissue, which can be adjusted at the controller mechanism 16. Sensors 32 measure the amount of energy radiated away finm the skin surface, which is indicative of the total energy penetrating into the tissue. Taking into account individual variations finm patient to patient, the exposure can be determined according the measurements taken by sensors 32 so that the correct amount of therapeutic energy (Joule/cm2) reaches the tissue. An increase of the registered amount of energy can be achieved by the inventive device by increasing the operating potential (and thereby the pulse amplitude) or the pulse frequency and/or prolonging the duration of the treatment time through an adjustment of the controller mechanism 16.
While the applicators 13 according to Figs. 2a. 2b and 2c are constructed for the treatment of larger tissue areas, the hand applicator's 15a, 15b according to figs. 5 and 8 are constructed for the treatment of small tissue areas.
The hand applicator 1 Sa includes a cylindrical shaft 34 to which a headpiece 35 is connected. At the head piece 35 a printed circuit board 36 is fastened with light sources mainly from semiconductor diodes 17 (not described). At the printed circuit board 36 there can also be placed a blue light semiconductor diode 17a, which is stimulated in the same way as the diodes of the applicators 13, so that light 38 of wavelengths 400, 600, 900 and 1200 nanometers is available, and according to Fig. 7, radiates finm a cleft 37 in the head piece 35. For the polarization of the light rays, a polarization filter 41 is placed in front of the printed circuit board 36. The use of the polarization filter brings about the advantage that the radiation can be better absorbed by the treated tissue. The head piece 35 also has a radiation opening in the front 39. In headpiece 35, in front of the opening 39, are placed a lens for the focusing of the light rays 30 and a polarization filter 41, whereby as shown in Fig. 6 a light source (not described) radiates light 38 in an axial direction through lens 40 and polarization filter 41. The device with this kind of light 38 emission is especially designed for the treatment of small tissue areas, e.g.
acupuncture points.
In the field of dermatology, light is used as a stand-alone therapy for wounds, leg ulcers, eczema, bums, etc., and as such is used to stimulate tissue directly. Light may also be used to treat tissue using photodynamic therapy (PDT) by activating chemical reactions in photosensitive chemicals introduced into or onto the tissue, such as photofrin, S-aminolevulan acid, hematoporphyrin, verteporfin, chlorins, phthalodyanines, phenothiazine, and benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid-A (A TMPn) etc. for healing solar keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, melanomas, etc.
PDT substances may be administered in various forms: lotion or cream for topical application, tablets or capsules for oral injection, and local injection of solutions.
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is a solution which has the property of breaking down the barrier of the skin and is often used before- administering PDT substances in order to increase the absorption thereof. Alternatively, PDT substances may be mixed with DMSO for application to the skin.
An instrument consisting of a handle with a head, wherein a number of needles connected to a spring arrangement can be used to pierce small, closely distanced holes in the upper layer ofthe skin before the PDT substances are applied, in order to increase and accelerate the absorption.
Treatment by light irradiation with the inventive device should not commence until sufficient absorption by the target tissue is obtained. Simply waiting for empirically determined times to elapse can suffice, or photodynamic diagnostic (PD) may be employed to determine absorption.
PD comprises viewing the target area under illumination of a particular spectral content (such as fibm a fluorescent wood lamp) and observing apparent colour of the target tissue.
High-intensity treatments (higher doses of PDT substances and strong irradiation) are used where it is desired to destroy tissue, as in destroying tumor tissue to cure cancer, or in hair removal where it is desired to destroy the hair follicle. Low-intensity treatments are used where it is desired to energize affected cells and to stimulate the local immune system, as in the rehabilitation of epicondylitis, tendinitis, arthritis, arthroses, gout, and pulmonary diseases; or in the treatment of acne, actinic keratoses, warts, onychomycosis, psoriasis, dermatitis, and basal carcinoma; and in improving the appearance of wrinkles, cellulite, and fat deposits.
Low-intensity treatments have been observed to activate aspects ofthe local immune system such as the macrophages, which produce prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) and TNF (pro-inflammatory zytokines). There have also been observed an accumulation of leucozytes in the venoles, and higher activity of the lymphozytes and plasma cells in the skin. The residual 5 content TNF-a of pro inflammatory zytokines has been detected in the urine of patients after having PDT treatment.
Treatment with the inventive device further enhances the efficacy of medicinal substances by photo-phoresis, a process of propelling fluids into the skin or tissue and propelling molecules through cell walls. The absorption process is speeded up, and amount of PDT
substance absorbed is increased. Other methods of phoresis are in use, such as galvanic-iono-phoresis, exchange phoresis, and phono-phoresis. These methods create a concentration gradient across the skin, and a resultant Brownian molecular motion creates a thermal influence which enhances transfer of medicaments. However, this warming may be uncomfortable, and may render impossible a facelift using a collagen face-mask, since collagen will not withstand temperatures above 27 degrees Celsius.
Photofrin is PDT substance which is administered by injection, at a dosage of 1 - 2 mg. per kg. of the patient's weight. 48 hours is allowed for absorption of the photofrin by the tissue to be treated, during which time the patient is kept in dim light. The treatment consists of irradiation by the inventive device. The patient remains photosensitive for 6 to 8 weeks, and should avoid strong light and direct sunlight during that time.
ALA (5-Aminolavulinacid) is externally applied as a 10 to 20 percent mixture in an oil in water emulsion or in a cream. 4 to 6 hours is allowed for absorption, during which time the patient should remain in dim light. After treatment by irradiation from the inventive device, the patient remains photosensitive for 24 to 48 hours, during which he should avoid strong light and direct sunlight.
L-Phenylalanin is applied in liquid form as a lotion or a spray or in a cream form, in a 5 to 30 percent mixture according the severity of the condition to be treated. Optical irradiation with the inventive device may begin almost immediately. Alternatively, doses of 50 to 100 mg may be taken orally 30 to 60 minutes before irradiation. The patient is photosensitive for 24 hours after application.
Ammi visnaga is an herbal substance obtained from a dried extract of the fiuit ammeos visnagae fi~uctus. Its molecular structure is depicted in Fig. 10. Fluid application of a S to 30 percent mixture (according to pathology) in the form of a lotion, spray, or cream is performed shortly (30 minutes) before irradiation, or an oral dose of 100 mg. is given 2 to 3 hours before irradiation.
The patient need not be kept in a darkened room before irradiation, and may be subjected to normal incidence of direct sunlight immediately after treatment.
Tests indicate that ammi visnaga solution prepared in the homeopathic manner is effective at lower concentrations, which is advantageous both from the standpoint of economics (the amrni visnaga extract may cost several dollars per gram) and because of a lowered risk oftoxicity (side effects). In a homeopathic preparation, the herb is first micronized and a weak solution in a fluid medium such as alcohol, sterile water, or oil (glycerine) is prepared and bottled. Vibrations are introduced into it by concussing the bottle repetitively against a medium-hard surFace such as a rubber plate on a table, or by subjecting the bottle to low- fi~equency (1 to 500 Hz.) electromagnetic vibrations, which pulls energy out of the micronized herb into the entire solution. The solution must be prepared so that the molecule size is comparable to that for amino acids, so that the molecules may easily permeate cell membranes.
PDT has been used successfully in the treatment of internal inoperable cancers. A
biopharmaceutical (specifically, hematoporphyrin) is injected into the tumortissue, and an optical method known as photodynamic diagnostic (PD) is used to determine when the biopharmaceutical has been absorbed by the entire tumor. Then the tumor tissue is irradiated with light typical for a dye laser, which activates the photosensitive reactors in the hematoporphyrin, whereby singlet oxygen is liberated. Singlet oxygen is toxic to protein and phosphor lipids in the tumor tissue, whereby the tumor is destroyed without destroying the surrounding tissue.
For treatment of skin keratosis (precancerous tissue), trials with, for example, 5- aminolevulinic acid have shown that it can be used effectively in PDT if introduced into oil in a water suspension which is then applied to skin keratosis and then irradiated with a light source. A fast and cosmetically perfect healing has been attained with a very low rate of recurrence compared to conventional treatments, such as cryotherapy.
Common dermatological diseases like acne, warts, onycho-mycosis (nail fungus) and wrinkle treatment can be successfully and effectively treated using PDT (with ALA/5-aminolevulanic acid) at a lower concentration than has conventionally been used. The treatment works not by causing cell death as light treatment has historically done, but instead works by stimulating the immune system so as to enable it to better control the inflammatory reaction to oil gland activity.
The irradiation at multiple wavelengths as provided by the present invention enhances the efficacy of treatment in this manner.
Stimulating the immune system so as to reduce inflammatory reactions has also been found effective in the therapy of many other conditions, for example, epicondylitis (tennis elbow), tendinitis, gout, arthritis, arthroses, pulmonary diseases, and numerous other muscular and joint symptoms. Good results have been obtained with PDT in conjunction with the present invention's multiple wavelength output. Studies indicate that the patient often is pain-free after only one treatment, and the number of treatments can be reduced to 3 - 4, instead of 12 - 20 as required without the inventive device.
The PDT substance is applied topically as cream or oil in water suspension, typically a 10 - 20 percent solution. Augmented action may be obtained by use of injection instead of or in addition to topical application. A large joint such as the knee requires 10 - 12 subcutaneous or intra-muscular injections, preferably at the trigger points, while for a smaller joint such as the elbow 5 -6 injections is su~cient. First the trigger points are found and irradiated for 30 seconds with hand applicator of the present invention. This gives an anaesthetic effect, which is useful for lessening discomfort from the injections. (Injection at the trigger points is known for reduction of pain).
Then, after determination that the PDT substance is absorbed by the target tissue, the surface applicator of the present invention is folded around the target joint and irradiation takes place for CA 02363383 2001-11-13 , ..
30 minutes. Ammi visnaga can be selected as a homeopathic PDT solution both for topical use and for the trigger-point injections.
Good results have also been obtained in the physiotherapy and physical rehabilitation with the present invention ability to radiate visible light in conjunction with several wavelengths of infi~ared light which is able to penetrate to deep tissue.
Fig. 8, in connection with Fig. 9, describes a hand applicator 1 Sb, which is especially intended for dental treatment. The applicator 1 Sb shows at the finnt end of the shaft 42 a printed circuit board 43, where an IR semiconductor diode (IR infi~.red light) 44 and a semiconductor diode (blue light) 45 are placed, where the diode 44 is stimulated to radiate light with the described three wavelengths and the diode 45 is stimulated to radiate the described wavelength range of 350 -500 nm. In front of the printed circuit board 43 a head piece 46 is placed, connected with a fastened hollow expander 47, in which an optical fibre is sealed (not shown).
The head piece 46 is in front of the printed circuit board 43 so it can be rotated 180°, so that the expander 47 can be positioned in front of either the diodes 44 or 45. If the expander 47 is positioned, for example, in fibnt of the diode 44, light with the wavelengths 600, 900 and 1200 nanometer is transmitted through the optical fibre in expander 47 and ultimately strikes the tissue, e.g. gum tissue, through which painful gingival diseases can be eliminated. Through a positioning ofthe expander 47 in front of the blue light semiconductor diode 45, blue light is conducted through the expander 47, with which plastic fillings in teeth can be hardened. It is obvious that the light rays with this form of execution can also be conducted through polarization fibers. Furthermore, the two hand applicators are equipped with sensors 32 for the same purpose as described for the applicators 13. The control unit of the present invention causes output of the blue light to be at 25 % of full output for the first ten seconds, and full power thereafter. This results in better hardening of the fillings, without shrinkage.
Fig.l l Shows a diagram of the air-pressure unit 48, which can either be built into the control mechanism of the device or produced as a separate device connectable with the invented photodynamic stimulation device. The air unit can either be produced as a rechargeable alr-tank or as a small air-compressor with container. The container outlet is equipped with a reduction valve 51, combined with a pressure meter 52, well known of their ark The electronic valve 51 a in the air tube 49 leading to the hand applicator 50 can be switched on fi-om the hand applicator and the ON impulses can be regulated at the control mechanism 53 . The current impulses 63 and amplitude 64 for the ionto-phoresis treatment are also adjustable at the control mechanism.
Fig.l2 lllustrates an exchangeable mund head 56 for the hand applicator, which can be exchanged by a click in bracket (not illustrated). The treatment head 56 is changeable according to the purpose of radiation, so that a round head could be used for treating round spots, while a rectangular head 56a would be preferable for treating wrinkles.
Fig.13a The hand applicator is illustrated in a bottom view, mounted with a rectangular treatment head 56a. Next to treatment head the semiconductor and or laser diodes 17, 17a, 18 is placed in rows covered of a polarization filter 37 and/or lens system. There is also integrated a sensor 32 for feedback measurement.
Fig.l3b shows a drawing of the hand applicator 50, which can be used for the following purposes:
- Introducing light-reactive substances to the tissue with the aid of air-pressure pulses - Introducing light-reactive substances to the tissue by help of ionto-phoresis - Radiating the tissue with a mix of light radiation which can be selected at the control mechanism.
The hand applicator contains a valve 55 placed just after the air inlet, prohibiting the substances finm nmning back into the air tube 49. The treatment head is mounted with a sensor 57 permitting exposure only on skin contact and fiuthermore the head also contains a valve-system 58 which opens only on skin contact, thus preventing the substances firm running out ofthe head before it touches the skin.
The chamber 59 containing the substances is placed next to the air duct in the hand applicator 50 and the chamber is connected with a dosage pump 60, so that the amount of substance per air-shot can be dosed very accurately.
The hand applicator's 50 housing is made of an insulating material, and the treatment head 56 is made of an electrically conductive material so that it can also be used for ionto-phoresis treatment combined with air-pressure treatment in order to attain maximum absorption.
Around the treatment head the semiconductor and/or laser diodes 17, 17a, 18 are placed for the selective light radiation.
The ON/OFF switches 54, 61, 62 for operating the hand applicator are placed on the top of the applicator. During the ionto-phoresis treatment the patient must hold an electric conductor 65 handle in his hand.
Thus, while there have been shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details ofthe devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope ofthe invention. Moreover, it should be recognized that stmctures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (94)
1. A device for photodynamic stimulation of human cells, comprising: a basic housing containing a control mechanism, a pulse generator and an air supply unit; and at least one applicator equipped with at least one pulsed first light source connected to said pulse generator and an air pressure treatment head, which is also an electrical conductor, connected to the pulse generator and the air supply unit; wherein:
the generator is configured to selectably supply electrical pulses at a frequency between 200 and 20,000 Hz, a pulse length between 2 and 200 microseconds, and an amplitude of between 2 and 25 volts; and the at least one first light source is a semiconductor diode which emits light of approximately 600, 900, and 1200 nanometers wavelength in response to said pulses from said generator.
the generator is configured to selectably supply electrical pulses at a frequency between 200 and 20,000 Hz, a pulse length between 2 and 200 microseconds, and an amplitude of between 2 and 25 volts; and the at least one first light source is a semiconductor diode which emits light of approximately 600, 900, and 1200 nanometers wavelength in response to said pulses from said generator.
2. A device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first light sources is a semiconductor diode which emits blue-light radiation in the range of 350 to 500 nanometers.
3. A device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first light sources is a tube which emits blue-light radiation in the range of 350 to 500 nanometers.
4. A device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one applicator comprises sensors connected to the control mechanism for measurement of reflected light for feedback control and automatic adjustment.
5. A device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one applicator is mounted to the base housing by means of a movable joint arm.
6. A device according to claim 5, wherein the at least one applicator comprises several single applicators hinged together so as to be adjustable at angles with respect to one another.
7. A device according to claim 1, further comprising a hand-held applicator comprising at least one second light source connected to said pulse generator and at least one light outlet.
8. A device according claim 7, wherein the hand-held applicator is equipped with a shaft and a head and a printed circuit board equipped with semiconductor diodes.
9. A device according to claim 7, wherein the at least one light outlet is equipped with a mounted lens.
10. A device according to claim 8 wherein:
at least a first semiconductor diode on the printed circuit board radiates red and infrared light at wavelengths of approximately 600, 900, and 1200 nanometers;
at least a second semiconductor diode on the printed circuit board radiates blue light in the range of approximately 350 to 500 nanometers;
the head comprises an expander rotatable to selectably conduct blue light or red and infrared light to said at least one light outlet.
at least a first semiconductor diode on the printed circuit board radiates red and infrared light at wavelengths of approximately 600, 900, and 1200 nanometers;
at least a second semiconductor diode on the printed circuit board radiates blue light in the range of approximately 350 to 500 nanometers;
the head comprises an expander rotatable to selectably conduct blue light or red and infrared light to said at least one light outlet.
11. A device according to claim 10, wherein the expander includes a fiber optic cable.
12 A device according to claim 10, wherein the light output is at approximately 25 % of a selected level for approximately 10 seconds and is at the selected level thereafter.
13. A device according to claim 1 for introducing photosensitive substances into the tissues, consisting of:
- a pressurized air-supply system connected by an air-supply tube to a hand applicator - a chamber containing the light-sensitive substances is integrated in the hand applicator
- a pressurized air-supply system connected by an air-supply tube to a hand applicator - a chamber containing the light-sensitive substances is integrated in the hand applicator
14. A device according to claim 13, wherein the air pressure can be regulated and displayed on a instrument.
15. A device according to claim 13, wherein the length of the air impulses can be regulated by means of an electronic or manual valve-system.
16. A device according to claim 13, wherein the hand applicator contains a mechanical or electrical switch system to activate the treatment.
17. A device according to claim 13, wherein the hand applicator contains a valve by the air inlet.
18. A device according to claim 13, where the treatment head is exchangeable to suit the treatment area.
19. A device according to claim 18, where the treatment head is equipped with a skin contact sensor system to protect from undesired treatment.
20. A device according to claim 18, wherein the treatment head contains a valve-system which opens up automatically upon skin contact.
21. A device according to claim 13, wherein a chamber containing the light sensitive substance is integrated in the side of the treatment head.
22. A device according to claim 13, wherein the hand applicator contains a dosage pump for the light-sensitive substance.
23. A device according to claim 13, where the housing of the hand applicator is made of insulating material and the treatment is made of a conducting material.
24. A device according to claim 13, where the treatment head is connected to the ionto-phoresis generator in the control mechanism and used as a ionto-phoresis electrode.
25. A device according to claim 13, where the patient during the ionto-phoresis treatment hold an electric conductor handle in his hand.
26. A device according to claim 13, where the ionto-phoresis amplitude and frequency can be regulated at the control mechanism.
27. A device according to claim 13, wherein the hand applicator comprising at least one second light source connected to said pulse generator and at least one light outlet.
28. A device according claim 27, wherein the hand applicator contains a printed circuit board equipped with semiconductor diodes and a feedback sensor.
29. A device according to claim 27, wherein the at least one light outlet is equipped with a mounted lens and/or polarization filter.
30. A method of treating tissue, comprising the steps of:
introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue;
determining when the tissue has absorbed a predetermined level of the photosensitive substance;
and irradiating the tissue with a device according to claim 1.
introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue;
determining when the tissue has absorbed a predetermined level of the photosensitive substance;
and irradiating the tissue with a device according to claim 1.
31. A method according to claim 30, wherein the step of introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue comprises topical application of a lotion containing the photosensitive substance.
32. A method according to claim 30, wherein the step of introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue comprises oral ingestion of a substance comprising at least the photosensitive substance.
33. A method according to claim 30, wherein the step of introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue comprises subcutaneous injection of a substance comprising at least the photosensitive substance.
34. A method according to claim 30, wherein the photosensitive substance is one of photofrin, 5-aminolevulan acid, hematoporphyrin, verteporfin, chlorins, phthaldodyanines, phenothiazine, benzoporphyrin-derivative mono acid-A (A TMPn), L-Phenylalanin, and ammi visnaga.
35. A method according to claim 30, wherein dimethylsulfoxide is also introduced to the tissue.
36. A method according to claim 30, wherein dimethylsulfoxide is mixed with the photodynamic substance.
37. A device according to claim 30, comprising a handle connected with a head where a number of specially arranged needles with springs is used for piercing small holes in the upper epidermis as pre-treatment for introducing topical lotions to the skin.
38. A method according to claim 30, wherein:
the photosensitive substance is photofrin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by subcutaneous injection of 1 to 2 mg per kg. of the patient's weight;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately 48 hours before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately eight weeks after irradiation.
the photosensitive substance is photofrin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by subcutaneous injection of 1 to 2 mg per kg. of the patient's weight;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately 48 hours before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately eight weeks after irradiation.
39. A method according to claim 30, wherein:
the photosensitive substance is 5-Aminolavulin acid;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 10 to 20 percent mixture in one of an oil-in-water emulsion and a cream;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately six hours before irradiation; and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 48 hours after irradiation.
the photosensitive substance is 5-Aminolavulin acid;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 10 to 20 percent mixture in one of an oil-in-water emulsion and a cream;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately six hours before irradiation; and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 48 hours after irradiation.
40. A method according to claim 30, wherein:
the photosensitive substance is L-Phenylalanin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 5 to 30 percent mixture according to a degree of treatment desired;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 24 hours after application.
the photosensitive substance is L-Phenylalanin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 5 to 30 percent mixture according to a degree of treatment desired;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 24 hours after application.
41. A method according to claim 30, wherein: the photosensitive substance is L-Phenylalanin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue, of a patient by oral ingestion of 50 to 100 mg according to the patient's weight and to degree of treatment desired;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately 60 minutes before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 24 hours after application.
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue, of a patient by oral ingestion of 50 to 100 mg according to the patient's weight and to degree of treatment desired;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately 60 minutes before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 24 hours after application.
42. A method according to claim 30, wherein: the photosensitive substance is ammi visnaga;
the photosensitive substance is administered to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 5 to 30 percent mixture, according to degree of treatment desired, in a liquid medium;
the patient avoids direct sunlight for approximately 30 minutes before irradiation;
and the patient avoids sunbathing for approximately five days after irradiation.
the photosensitive substance is administered to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 5 to 30 percent mixture, according to degree of treatment desired, in a liquid medium;
the patient avoids direct sunlight for approximately 30 minutes before irradiation;
and the patient avoids sunbathing for approximately five days after irradiation.
43. A method according to claim 30, wherein:
the photosensitive substance is ammi visnaga;
the photosensitive substance is administered to the tissue of a patient by oral ingestion of approximately 100 mg thereof;
the patient avoids direct sunlight for approximately three hours before irradiation;
and the patient avoids sunbathing for approximately five days after irradiation.
the photosensitive substance is ammi visnaga;
the photosensitive substance is administered to the tissue of a patient by oral ingestion of approximately 100 mg thereof;
the patient avoids direct sunlight for approximately three hours before irradiation;
and the patient avoids sunbathing for approximately five days after irradiation.
44. A method according to claim 30, wherein the step of determining when the tissue has absorbed a predetermined level of the photosensitive substance comprises observing that the tissue undergoes a predetermined colour change when viewed under a predetermined illumination.
45. A method according to claim 44, wherein the predetermined illumination comprises a wood lamp.
46. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pulse duration is limited 20 microseconds.
47. A method according to claim 30, wherein the pulse duration is limited to 20 microseconds.
48. A device for photodynamic stimulation of human cells, comprising: a basic housing containing a control mechanism, a pulse generator and an air supply unit; and at least one applicator equipped with at least one pulsed first light source connected to said pulse generator and an air pressure treatment head, which is also an electrical conductor, connected to the pulse generator and the air supply unit; wherein:
the generator is configured to selectably supply electrical pulses at a frequency between 200 and 20,000 Hz, a pulse length between 2 and 200 nanoseconds, and an amplitude of between 40 and 400 volts; and the at least one first light source is a laser diode which emits light of approximately 600, 900, and 1200 nanometers wavelength in response to said pulses from said generator.
the generator is configured to selectably supply electrical pulses at a frequency between 200 and 20,000 Hz, a pulse length between 2 and 200 nanoseconds, and an amplitude of between 40 and 400 volts; and the at least one first light source is a laser diode which emits light of approximately 600, 900, and 1200 nanometers wavelength in response to said pulses from said generator.
49. A device according to claim 48, wherein at least one of the first light sources is a laser diode which emits blue-light radiation in the range of 350 to 500 nanometers.
50. A device according to claim 48, wherein at least one of the first light sources is a tube which emits blue-light radiation in the range of 350 to 500 nanometers.
51. A device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one applicator comprises sensors connected to the control mechanism for measurement of reflected light for feedback control and automatic adjustment.
52. A device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one applicator is mounted to the base housing by means of a movable-joint arm.
53. A device according to claim 52, wherein the at least one applicator comprises several single applicators hinged together so as to be adjustable at angles with respect to one another.
54. A device according to claim 48, further comprising a hand-held applicator comprising at least one second light source connected to said pulse generator and at least one light outlet.
55. A device according claim 54, wherein the hand-held applicator is equipped with a sha$ and a head and a printed circuit board equipped with laser diodes.
56. A device according to claim 54 wherein, the at least one light outlet is equipped with a mounted lens.
57. A device according to claim 55 wherein:
at least a first laser diode on the printed circuit board radiates red and infrared light at wavelengths of approxin l ately 600, 900, and 1200 nanometers;
at least a second laser diode on the printed circuit board radiates blue light in the range of approximately 350 to 500 nanometers;
the head comprises an expander rotatable to selectably conduct blue light or red and infrared light to said at least one light outlet.
at least a first laser diode on the printed circuit board radiates red and infrared light at wavelengths of approxin l ately 600, 900, and 1200 nanometers;
at least a second laser diode on the printed circuit board radiates blue light in the range of approximately 350 to 500 nanometers;
the head comprises an expander rotatable to selectably conduct blue light or red and infrared light to said at least one light outlet.
58. A device according to claim 57, wherein the expander includes a fiber optic cable.
59. A device according to claim 57, wherein the light output is at approximately 25 % of a selected level for approximately 10 seconds and is at the selected level thereafter.
60. A device according to claim 48 for introducing photosensitive substances into the tissues, consisting of:
- a pressurized air-supply system connected by an air-supply tube to a hand applicator - a chamber containing the light-sensitive substances is integrated in the hand applicator
- a pressurized air-supply system connected by an air-supply tube to a hand applicator - a chamber containing the light-sensitive substances is integrated in the hand applicator
61. A device according to claim 60, wherein the air pressure can be regulated and displayed on a instrument.
62. A device according to claim 60, wherein the length of the air impulses can be regulated by means of an electronic or manual valve-system.
63. A device according to claim 60, wherein the hand applicator contains a mechanical or electrical switch system to activate the treatment.
64. A device according to claim 60, wherein the hand applicator contains a valve by the air inlet.
65. A device according to claim 60, where the treatment head is exchangeable to suit the treatment area.
66. A device according to claim 65, where the treatment head is equipped with a skin contact sensor system to protect from undesired treatment.
67. A device according to claim 65, wherein the treatment head contains a valve-system which opens up automatically upon skin contact.
68. A device according to claim 60, wherein a chamber containing the light sensitive substance is integrated in the side of the treatment head.
69. A device according to claim 60, wherein the hand applicator contains a dosage pump for the light-sensitive substance.
70. A device according to claim 60, where the housing of the hand applicator is made of insulating material and the treatment is made of a conducting material.
71. A device according to claim 60, where the treatment head is connected to a ionto-phoresis generator in the control mechanism and used as a ionto-phoresis electrode.
72. A device according to claim 60, where the patient during the ionto-phoresis treatment hold an electric conductor handle in his hand.
73. a device according to claim 60, where the ionto-phoresis amplitude and frequency can be regulated at the control mechanism.
74. A device according to claim 60, wherein the hand applicator comprising at least one second light source connected to said pulse generator and at least one light outlet.
75. A device according claim 74, wherein the hand applicator contains a printed circuit board equipped with semiconductor diodes and a feedback sensor.
76. A device according to claim 74, wherein the at least one light outlet is equipped with a mounted lens and/or polarization filter.
77. A method of treating tissue, comprising the steps of:
introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue;
determining when the tissue has absorbed a predetermined level of the photosensitive substance;
and irradiating the tissue with a device according to claim 48.
introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue;
determining when the tissue has absorbed a predetermined level of the photosensitive substance;
and irradiating the tissue with a device according to claim 48.
78. A method according to claim 77, wherein the step of introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue comprises topical application of a lotion containing the photosensitive substance.
79. A method according to claim 77, wherein the step of introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue comprises oral ingestion of a substance comprising at least the photosensitive substance.
80. A method according to claim 77, wherein the step of introducing a photosensitive substance to the tissue comprises subcutaneous injection of a substance comprising at least the photosensitive substance.
81. A method according to claim 77, wherein the photosensitive substance is one of photofrin, 5-aminolevulan acid, hematoporphyrin, verteporfin, chlorins, phthaldodyanines, phenothiazine, benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid-A (ATMPn), L-Phenylalanin, and ammi visnaga.
82. A method according to claim 77, wherein dimethylsulfoxide is also introduced to the tissue.
83. A method according to claim 77, wherein dimethylsulfoxide is mixed with the photodynamic substance.
84. A device according to claim 48, comprising a handle connected with a head where a number of specially arranged needles with springs is used for piercing small holes in the upper epidermis as pre-treatment for introducing topical lotions to the skin
85. A method according to claim 77, wherein:
the photosensitive substance is photofrin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue if a patient by subcutaneous injection of 1 to 2 mg per kg of the patient's weight;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately 48 hours before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately eight weeks after irradiation.
the photosensitive substance is photofrin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue if a patient by subcutaneous injection of 1 to 2 mg per kg of the patient's weight;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately 48 hours before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately eight weeks after irradiation.
86. A method according to claim 77, wherein:
the photosensitive substance is 5-Aminolavulin acid;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 10 to 20 percent mixture in one of an oil-in-water emulsion and a cream;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately six hours before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 48 hours after irradiation.
the photosensitive substance is 5-Aminolavulin acid;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 10 to 20 percent mixture in one of an oil-in-water emulsion and a cream;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately six hours before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 48 hours after irradiation.
87. A method according to claim 77, wherein the photosensitive substance is L-Phenylalanin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 5 to 30 percent mixture according to a degree of treatment desired;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 24 hours after application.
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a 5 to 30 percent mixture according to a degree of treatment desired;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 24 hours after application.
88. A method according to claim 77, wherein:
the photosensitive substance is L-Phenylalanin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue, of a patient by oral ingestion of 50 to 100 mg according to the patient's weight and to degree of treatment desired;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately 60 minutes before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 24 hours after application.
the photosensitive substance is L-Phenylalanin;
the photosensitive substance is introduced to the tissue, of a patient by oral ingestion of 50 to 100 mg according to the patient's weight and to degree of treatment desired;
the patient is kept in dim light for approximately 60 minutes before irradiation;
and the patient is kept out of strong light for approximately 24 hours after application.
89. A method according to claim 77, wherein: the photosensitive substance is ammi visnaga;
the photosensitive substance is administered to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a to 30 percent mixture, according to degree of treatment desired, in a liquid medium;
the patient avoids direct sunlight for approximately 30 minutes before irradiation;
and the patient avoids sunbathing for approximately five days after irradiation.
the photosensitive substance is administered to the tissue of a patient by topical application of a to 30 percent mixture, according to degree of treatment desired, in a liquid medium;
the patient avoids direct sunlight for approximately 30 minutes before irradiation;
and the patient avoids sunbathing for approximately five days after irradiation.
90. A method according to claim 77, wherein:
the photosensitive substance is ammi visnaga;
the photosensitive substance is administered to the tissue of a patient by oral ingestion of approximately 100 mg thereof;
the patient avoids direct sunlight for approximately three hours before irradiation; and the patient avoids sunbathing for approximately five days after irradiation.
the photosensitive substance is ammi visnaga;
the photosensitive substance is administered to the tissue of a patient by oral ingestion of approximately 100 mg thereof;
the patient avoids direct sunlight for approximately three hours before irradiation; and the patient avoids sunbathing for approximately five days after irradiation.
91. A method according to claim 77, wherein the step of determining when the tissue has absorbed a predetermined level of the photosensitive;
substance comprises observing that the tissue undergoes a predetermined colour change when viewed under a predetermined illumination.
substance comprises observing that the tissue undergoes a predetermined colour change when viewed under a predetermined illumination.
92. A method according to claim 91, wherein the predetermined illumination comprises a wood lamp.
93. An apparatus according to claim 48, wherein the pulse duration is limited to 20 nanoseconds.
94. A method according to claim 77, wherein the pulse duration is limited to 20 nanoseconds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2363383 CA2363383A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2001-11-15 | Photodynamic stimulation device and methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2363383 CA2363383A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2001-11-15 | Photodynamic stimulation device and methods |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2363383A1 true CA2363383A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2363383 Abandoned CA2363383A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2001-11-15 | Photodynamic stimulation device and methods |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CA (1) | CA2363383A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2416699A (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-08 | Photo Therapeutics Ltd | Skin rejuvenation using near infrared and visible red non-laser light |
| WO2006030403A1 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Photo Diagnostic Devices (Pdd) Limited | Apparatus for photodynamic therapy |
| FR2943550A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-01 | Kader Simone Nadia Leonardi | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COSMETIC SKIN CARE |
| USD722383S1 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2015-02-10 | Carol Cole Company | Skin clearing and toning device |
| USD739541S1 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-09-22 | Carol Cole Company | Skin clearing and toning device |
| USD854699S1 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | Carol Cole Company | Elongated skin toning device |
| USD891628S1 (en) | 2015-03-03 | 2020-07-28 | Carol Cole Company | Skin toning device |
| USD953553S1 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2022-05-31 | Carol Cole Company | Skin toning device |
| USD957664S1 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2022-07-12 | Carol Cole Company | Skin toning device |
-
2001
- 2001-11-15 CA CA 2363383 patent/CA2363383A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2416699B (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2010-04-14 | Photo Therapeutics Ltd | Skin rejuvenation |
| GB2416699A (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-08 | Photo Therapeutics Ltd | Skin rejuvenation using near infrared and visible red non-laser light |
| WO2006030403A1 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Photo Diagnostic Devices (Pdd) Limited | Apparatus for photodynamic therapy |
| FR2943550A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-01 | Kader Simone Nadia Leonardi | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COSMETIC SKIN CARE |
| WO2010112708A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Simone Nadia Leonardi Kader | Method and appliance for cosmetic skincare |
| US8956345B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2015-02-17 | Simone Nadia LEONARDI KADER | Method and appliance for cosmetic skincare |
| USD831835S1 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2018-10-23 | Carol Cole Company | Skin clearing and toning device |
| USD722383S1 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2015-02-10 | Carol Cole Company | Skin clearing and toning device |
| USD845496S1 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2019-04-09 | Carol Cole Company | Skin clearing and toning device |
| USD770635S1 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2016-11-01 | Carol Cole Company | Skin clearing and toning device |
| USD756527S1 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2016-05-17 | Carol Cole Company | Skin clearing and toning device |
| USD739541S1 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-09-22 | Carol Cole Company | Skin clearing and toning device |
| USD891628S1 (en) | 2015-03-03 | 2020-07-28 | Carol Cole Company | Skin toning device |
| USD854699S1 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | Carol Cole Company | Elongated skin toning device |
| USD949358S1 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2022-04-19 | Carol Cole Company | Elongated skin toning device |
| USD959005S1 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2022-07-26 | Carol Cole Company | Elongated skin toning device |
| USD953553S1 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2022-05-31 | Carol Cole Company | Skin toning device |
| USD957664S1 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2022-07-12 | Carol Cole Company | Skin toning device |
| USD1017822S1 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2024-03-12 | Carol Cole Company | Skin toning device |
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