CA2363220A1 - Autorisation par carte sim (module d'identite de l'abonne) : autorisation de transaction par carte de credit en ligne, confidentialite, authentification et non-repudiation - Google Patents

Autorisation par carte sim (module d'identite de l'abonne) : autorisation de transaction par carte de credit en ligne, confidentialite, authentification et non-repudiation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2363220A1
CA2363220A1 CA002363220A CA2363220A CA2363220A1 CA 2363220 A1 CA2363220 A1 CA 2363220A1 CA 002363220 A CA002363220 A CA 002363220A CA 2363220 A CA2363220 A CA 2363220A CA 2363220 A1 CA2363220 A1 CA 2363220A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
user
authorization
credit card
authentication
sim
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002363220A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Emad Malek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TRUSTSHIELD TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Original Assignee
TRUSTSHIELD TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TRUSTSHIELD TECHNOLOGIES Inc filed Critical TRUSTSHIELD TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Priority to CA002363220A priority Critical patent/CA2363220A1/fr
Publication of CA2363220A1 publication Critical patent/CA2363220A1/fr
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/12Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/22Payment schemes or models
    • G06Q20/24Credit schemes, i.e. "pay after"
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • G06Q20/322Aspects of commerce using mobile devices [M-devices]
    • G06Q20/3229Use of the SIM of a M-device as secure element
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G06Q20/363Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes with the personal data of a user
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/383Anonymous user system
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/42Confirmation, e.g. check or permission by the legal debtor of payment
    • G06Q20/425Confirmation, e.g. check or permission by the legal debtor of payment using two different networks, one for transaction and one for security confirmation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07FCOIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/0866Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by active credit-cards adapted therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H04L63/0853Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using an additional device, e.g. smartcard, SIM or a different communication terminal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/18Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security using different networks or channels, e.g. using out of band channels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3247Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3271Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/06Authentication
    • H04W12/069Authentication using certificates or pre-shared keys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/10Integrity
    • H04W12/106Packet or message integrity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/10Integrity
    • H04W12/108Source integrity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/56Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/80Wireless
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2463/00Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00
    • H04L2463/102Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00 applying security measure for e-commerce
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/12Applying verification of the received information
    • H04L63/123Applying verification of the received information received data contents, e.g. message integrity

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
CA002363220A 2001-11-23 2001-11-23 Autorisation par carte sim (module d'identite de l'abonne) : autorisation de transaction par carte de credit en ligne, confidentialite, authentification et non-repudiation Abandoned CA2363220A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002363220A CA2363220A1 (fr) 2001-11-23 2001-11-23 Autorisation par carte sim (module d'identite de l'abonne) : autorisation de transaction par carte de credit en ligne, confidentialite, authentification et non-repudiation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002363220A CA2363220A1 (fr) 2001-11-23 2001-11-23 Autorisation par carte sim (module d'identite de l'abonne) : autorisation de transaction par carte de credit en ligne, confidentialite, authentification et non-repudiation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2363220A1 true CA2363220A1 (fr) 2003-05-23

Family

ID=4170561

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002363220A Abandoned CA2363220A1 (fr) 2001-11-23 2001-11-23 Autorisation par carte sim (module d'identite de l'abonne) : autorisation de transaction par carte de credit en ligne, confidentialite, authentification et non-repudiation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2363220A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU780943B2 (en) * 1999-12-30 2005-04-28 International Business Machines Corporation Method of payment by means of an electronic communication device
WO2006042469A1 (fr) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Beijing Watch Data System Co., Ltd Systeme d'authentification de mot de passe dynamique et procede associe
EP2216742A1 (fr) 2009-02-09 2010-08-11 C. Patrick Reich Procédé de paiement mobile et dispositifs
WO2011056156A1 (fr) * 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 Kartek Kart Ve Bilisim Teknolojileri Ticaret Limited Sirketi Procede de paiement mobile hautement securise et systeme d'autorisation relatif a ce procede
EP2367318A1 (fr) * 2005-05-31 2011-09-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Gestion et distribution de la Facturation dans les réseaux sans fil
WO2013054073A1 (fr) * 2011-10-12 2013-04-18 The Technology Business Management Limited Système d'authentification d'identifiant (id) sécurisé
WO2014020619A1 (fr) * 2012-08-01 2014-02-06 Postecom S.P.A. Procédé permettant de sécuriser une opération de commande ou d'achat au moyen d'un dispositif client
US9143622B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2015-09-22 Qualcomm Incorporated Prepay accounts for applications, services and content for communication devices
US9185538B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2015-11-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless subscriber application and content distribution and differentiated pricing
US9185234B2 (en) 2006-02-22 2015-11-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Automated account mapping in a wireless subscriber billing system
US9203923B2 (en) 2001-08-15 2015-12-01 Qualcomm Incorporated Data synchronization interface
US9232077B2 (en) 2003-03-12 2016-01-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Automatic subscription system for applications and services provided to wireless devices
WO2015122850A3 (fr) * 2014-02-11 2016-02-04 Einnovations Holdings Pte. Ltd. Système et procédé d'authentification
US10009743B2 (en) 2001-08-13 2018-06-26 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method for providing subscribed applications on wireless devices over a wireless network
US10043170B2 (en) 2004-01-21 2018-08-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Application-based value billing in a wireless subscriber network
EP3493131A1 (fr) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-05 PayCheckout Holding B.V. Procédé d'autorisation d'une demande de paiement par une plate-forme basée sur le cloud et serveur conçu pour prendre en charge ledit procédé
US10373169B2 (en) * 2015-08-11 2019-08-06 Paypal, Inc. Enhancing information security via the use of a dummy credit card number

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU780943B2 (en) * 1999-12-30 2005-04-28 International Business Machines Corporation Method of payment by means of an electronic communication device
US10009743B2 (en) 2001-08-13 2018-06-26 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method for providing subscribed applications on wireless devices over a wireless network
US9203923B2 (en) 2001-08-15 2015-12-01 Qualcomm Incorporated Data synchronization interface
US9232077B2 (en) 2003-03-12 2016-01-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Automatic subscription system for applications and services provided to wireless devices
US10043170B2 (en) 2004-01-21 2018-08-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Application-based value billing in a wireless subscriber network
WO2006042469A1 (fr) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Beijing Watch Data System Co., Ltd Systeme d'authentification de mot de passe dynamique et procede associe
US9350875B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2016-05-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless subscriber billing and distribution
EP2367318A1 (fr) * 2005-05-31 2011-09-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Gestion et distribution de la Facturation dans les réseaux sans fil
US9185538B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2015-11-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless subscriber application and content distribution and differentiated pricing
US9143622B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2015-09-22 Qualcomm Incorporated Prepay accounts for applications, services and content for communication devices
US9185234B2 (en) 2006-02-22 2015-11-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Automated account mapping in a wireless subscriber billing system
EP2216742A1 (fr) 2009-02-09 2010-08-11 C. Patrick Reich Procédé de paiement mobile et dispositifs
WO2011056156A1 (fr) * 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 Kartek Kart Ve Bilisim Teknolojileri Ticaret Limited Sirketi Procede de paiement mobile hautement securise et systeme d'autorisation relatif a ce procede
WO2013054073A1 (fr) * 2011-10-12 2013-04-18 The Technology Business Management Limited Système d'authentification d'identifiant (id) sécurisé
GB2499360A (en) * 2011-10-12 2013-08-21 Technology Business Man Ltd Secure ID authentication over a cellular radio network
GB2499360B (en) * 2011-10-12 2015-03-04 Technology Business Man Ltd Secure ID authentication
WO2014020619A1 (fr) * 2012-08-01 2014-02-06 Postecom S.P.A. Procédé permettant de sécuriser une opération de commande ou d'achat au moyen d'un dispositif client
WO2015122850A3 (fr) * 2014-02-11 2016-02-04 Einnovations Holdings Pte. Ltd. Système et procédé d'authentification
US10373169B2 (en) * 2015-08-11 2019-08-06 Paypal, Inc. Enhancing information security via the use of a dummy credit card number
EP3493131A1 (fr) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-05 PayCheckout Holding B.V. Procédé d'autorisation d'une demande de paiement par une plate-forme basée sur le cloud et serveur conçu pour prendre en charge ledit procédé
NL2019997B1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-07 Paycheckout Holding B V A method of authorizing a payment request by a cloud based platform and a server arranged for supporting said method

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7801829B2 (en) Smartcard internet authorization system
US7360694B2 (en) System and method for secure telephone and computer transactions using voice authentication
US7330836B2 (en) Method and system for secure authenticated payment on a computer network
US7050993B1 (en) Advanced service redirector for personal computer
WO2003044710A1 (fr) Appareil, procede et systeme de paiement faisant appel a un dispositif mobile
US20120231844A1 (en) System and device for facilitating a transaction by consolidating sim, personal token, and associated applications for electronic wallet transactions
US20030069792A1 (en) System and method for effecting secure online payment using a client payment card
US10382954B2 (en) System and method for providing a service to the user of a mobile terminal
CA2363220A1 (fr) Autorisation par carte sim (module d'identite de l'abonne) : autorisation de transaction par carte de credit en ligne, confidentialite, authentification et non-repudiation
US20110238579A1 (en) System and device for facilitating a secure transaction with a validated token
EP1132839A1 (fr) Porte-monnaie electronique
US20110238580A1 (en) System and device for consolidating sim, personal token, and associated applications for secure transmission of sensitive data
KR20060125835A (ko) 모바일 단말기를 이용하여 전자 트랜잭션을 수행하기 위한방법 및 시스템
US9112857B2 (en) System and device for facilitating a wireless transaction by consolidating SIM, personal token, and associated applications
CN110084586A (zh) 一种移动终端安全支付系统和方法
US20180322502A1 (en) Data security system using interaction channel code
WO2003001736A1 (fr) Procede d'authentification de terminal de reglement et procede de reglement faisant appel a ce terminal
WO2002071177A3 (fr) Procede et systeme de transactions electroniques sensiblement securisees
JPWO2003025771A1 (ja) 認証端末装置、受付端末装置、認証サーバ、認証方法、及び認証システム
CN111937023A (zh) 安全认证系统和方法
KR20040055843A (ko) 공인된 개인 인증 정보를 이용한 결제 시스템 및 결제 방법
CN113379405B (zh) 一种车机终端的支付方法及车机终端支付系统
JP2003032742A (ja) 携帯電話機の不正使用防止方法
EP1579396A1 (fr) Procede et systeme pour transmettre des donnees
KR20160142809A (ko) 결제 처리 시스템

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FZDE Discontinued