CA2360631A1 - Sprayer apparatus for harvest header - Google Patents
Sprayer apparatus for harvest header Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2360631A1 CA2360631A1 CA 2360631 CA2360631A CA2360631A1 CA 2360631 A1 CA2360631 A1 CA 2360631A1 CA 2360631 CA2360631 CA 2360631 CA 2360631 A CA2360631 A CA 2360631A CA 2360631 A1 CA2360631 A1 CA 2360631A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- header
- spray
- weeds
- nozzles
- crop
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
- A01D41/12—Details of combines
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
SPRAYER APPARATUS F4ll~ R .A~~tVEST READER
A. Summary The invention allows a farmtr to spray pesticides, typically harbicidcs, at an optimized rate while cutting the crop at harvest time. At the time of cutting with the swather or the combine, many weeds such as the rosettes of Canada thistle or the leafy growth Of quack g~ra55 arc 5ma11 and therefore at a lower height than the height at whiclt the crop is being cut. Hy placing sprayer nozzles across the width of the header and located underneath and/or behind the header, these weeds can be sprayed at an optizuu~nrx time and at an optimum rate without requiring a separate operation in the held with a sprayer. The preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes "smart spray nozzles". "Smart spray nozzles" arc spray nozzles that are used with sensors (typically located ahead of the nozzles) that by some means (color differentiation, etc.) detect if a weed is present and only turn on spray to the appropriate nozzle (or group of nozzles) if a wood (or weeds) are detected. This invention greatly increases the ef~cicncy of tho farming operation by eliminating one held operation. It gives the desired weed control of the pre-harvest herbicide application without the negative impact of the herbicide coming in contact with the seeds of the harvested crap (current pre-harvest application of glyphosate in standing czops decreases germination of the seeds of same crops). Because the majority of the crop canopy has bean removed prior to the spray being appliod, significantly less herbicide has to be applied to control the weeds. The use of "smart spray nozzles" in this invention makes the farming system more environmentally friendly because there is a greatly reduced amount of chemical applied. rn addition, a benefct to the farmer is that it substantially decreases the amount of water that has to be hauled to the machine.
B. Current Technology I . Currently, weeds like Canada thistle and quack ~cass are typically controlled with a pro-harvest application of herbicide, usually glyphosatc.
'~Jhile tht crop is still standing and at Icast a fow days before swathing or combining, a sprayer with su~cient clearance is driven through the crop to apply the haxbioide. This practice has the following drawbacks:
a. An extra operation with a machine is required. This extra operation is necessary during the busiest farming season of the year, harvtst!
b. Even with crap dividexs located ahead of each tire, some crop is tramped down and therefore last.
c. In sonic cases, with a heavy crop canopy, it is difficult for the spray to penetrate the crop canopy and make good contact with the weeds located in the crop.
d. The glyphosate is sprayed on the whole crop canopy including the seeds. On all crops this has the negative perception to the public that a pesticide has been sprayed directly an to the seeds prior to harvest. In addition, some seeds are sensitive to the
A. Summary The invention allows a farmtr to spray pesticides, typically harbicidcs, at an optimized rate while cutting the crop at harvest time. At the time of cutting with the swather or the combine, many weeds such as the rosettes of Canada thistle or the leafy growth Of quack g~ra55 arc 5ma11 and therefore at a lower height than the height at whiclt the crop is being cut. Hy placing sprayer nozzles across the width of the header and located underneath and/or behind the header, these weeds can be sprayed at an optizuu~nrx time and at an optimum rate without requiring a separate operation in the held with a sprayer. The preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes "smart spray nozzles". "Smart spray nozzles" arc spray nozzles that are used with sensors (typically located ahead of the nozzles) that by some means (color differentiation, etc.) detect if a weed is present and only turn on spray to the appropriate nozzle (or group of nozzles) if a wood (or weeds) are detected. This invention greatly increases the ef~cicncy of tho farming operation by eliminating one held operation. It gives the desired weed control of the pre-harvest herbicide application without the negative impact of the herbicide coming in contact with the seeds of the harvested crap (current pre-harvest application of glyphosate in standing czops decreases germination of the seeds of same crops). Because the majority of the crop canopy has bean removed prior to the spray being appliod, significantly less herbicide has to be applied to control the weeds. The use of "smart spray nozzles" in this invention makes the farming system more environmentally friendly because there is a greatly reduced amount of chemical applied. rn addition, a benefct to the farmer is that it substantially decreases the amount of water that has to be hauled to the machine.
B. Current Technology I . Currently, weeds like Canada thistle and quack ~cass are typically controlled with a pro-harvest application of herbicide, usually glyphosatc.
'~Jhile tht crop is still standing and at Icast a fow days before swathing or combining, a sprayer with su~cient clearance is driven through the crop to apply the haxbioide. This practice has the following drawbacks:
a. An extra operation with a machine is required. This extra operation is necessary during the busiest farming season of the year, harvtst!
b. Even with crap dividexs located ahead of each tire, some crop is tramped down and therefore last.
c. In sonic cases, with a heavy crop canopy, it is difficult for the spray to penetrate the crop canopy and make good contact with the weeds located in the crop.
d. The glyphosate is sprayed on the whole crop canopy including the seeds. On all crops this has the negative perception to the public that a pesticide has been sprayed directly an to the seeds prior to harvest. In addition, some seeds are sensitive to the
2 glyphosate and the germination of these seeds is greatly reduced when a pre-harvest application of glypb~osate ha~c been dons.
2. Another practice currently used is to spray in the fall after harvest. This practice has the following shortcomings:
a. An extra operation with a machine is required.
b. Often, by the time harvest is complete, it is too late in the fats to get a good weed kill as the weeds are already dormant for the winter.
o. Some of the weeds may be covered with straw or chaff and therefore would not be contacted by the herbicide.
2. Another practice currently used is to spray in the fall after harvest. This practice has the following shortcomings:
a. An extra operation with a machine is required.
b. Often, by the time harvest is complete, it is too late in the fats to get a good weed kill as the weeds are already dormant for the winter.
o. Some of the weeds may be covered with straw or chaff and therefore would not be contacted by the herbicide.
3. Another option is to spray the next spring before planting. This practice has some drawbacks as well:
a. An extra machine operation is required.
b. O~ex~, when the time is right for the crop to be planted, it is too early in the spring to get a good weed kill. The weeds are still dormant and unable to take up the herbicide.
a. An extra machine operation is required.
b. O~ex~, when the time is right for the crop to be planted, it is too early in the spring to get a good weed kill. The weeds are still dormant and unable to take up the herbicide.
4. '~'hcro have bten $ few "smart" sproytrs introduead to the market: Detact Spray (North America), W'ecdSeekcr (Australi~l) and Girsen Target Selectable (CaETS) Enviro-Sprayer tAustralia). One of the reasons for the lack of acceptance has been the high cost of the units. Typically, on the great plains of North Azncrica, the sprayers are 84' to 130' wide. To equip one of these wide sprayers with the "smart spray nozzle" technology is very costly.
C. Invention '1~ho invention is used to spray herbicides at an optimized rate while cutting tfae crop at harvest time, using a sprayer attachment on the header of the swather or the combine. The preferred sprayer attachment would be to utilize "smart spray nozzles". These would be spray nuzzles (item 2, all figures) that are used with sensors (item 17, figures 1 to 4) that by some means (color differentiation, etc.) detect if a weed is pressrnt and only turn on spray to the appropriate nozzle or nozzles if a weed or weeds are detected. One of the challenges of the sprayers with the "srxxant spray nozzles" has been the difficulty of the sensors to work properly in a!1 light conditions (bright sunlight, cloudy, etc.). If the sensors are located under the header of the combine or swather, the weeds and ground would always be shaded, out of the direct sunlight and this should greatly improve the functioning of the ssnsors. Artificial light of a desired type could be used to illuminate the weeds, ground, crop residua, etc. for optimum differentiation between the weeds and the ground, crop residue, etc. This would allow the machine to work equally well in the daylight hours and when it is dark. If other nozzles are used in place of "smart spray nozzles", the nozzles shown an the sketches could be any other more conventional style ofnozzles.
Typically at the proper time, un-harvested crops (item 5, all figures) are harvested with either a swather or a combine or some other harvesting unit consisting of a tractor unit (item 8, all figures) and a header (item 7, all figures).
>;Jsually, the header of the combine or the swathcr has a cutter bar (item 1, figures 1, 2, 3, S and 4) that cuts the crop and leaves stubble (item 6, all figures) standing in the field.
The reel (item 4, figures 1, 3, 5 and b) is pivotally attached to the header and helps to bring the harvested crop (item 9, figures 1, 3, 5 and 6} onto the header.
Tn the case of a rnmbine with a stripper header, there is no cutter bar but rather a stripper drum (item 12, flgetre 4)) that rotates and strips the seeds Off the stalks of the plants.
In the Case of the combine, the harvested crop craters the combine and nothing is returned to the stubble until the rearward section of the combine. Here the chaff (item 14, figures 3 and 4) and straw (item 13, figures 3 and 4) are returned to the stubble and to the ground surface (item 11, figures 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6). The spray nozzles arc located under the combine header and behind the cutter bar or behind the stripper drum. If the "smart spray nozzles" arc used, the sensors for the "smart nozzles" are located ahead of the "smart spray nozzles". The spray nozzles spray the herbicide ova tkio weeds (item 3, figures 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6) in the stubble pmior to the chaff and straw being returned to the stubble andlor ground surface. The header could be a corn header or a cotton header. A cutter bar style header for small grains could be either an auger style header or a draper style header.
When the invention is used in conjunction with a swather header, the spray nozzles are typically located under the ~maehine and to the rear of the cutter bar of the header. The cut crop is discharged from the header in a windrow (item X0, figures 1 arid 2). The spray nozzles arc located under the header and spray the herbicide on the weeds in the stubble prior to the windrow being placed on the stubble. J~ue to the wide variation in nozzle height, modifications to the sprayer nozzles and sprayer nozzle spacing may be necessary. If necessary, the nozzles could be spaced closer together transversely across the machine. Oz~e other modification might be to rotate the nozzles as the header is raised or lowered.
This effectively keeps tht distance from the nozzles to the weeds relatively unchanged as the header is raised or lowered. The nozzles could be rotated by various means; electrical, hydraulao Qr mechanical or combinations thereof. A
mcchxnicat means of rotating the nozzles is shown in figures 5 and 4. A tz-anJ,ing height gauge wh~l (item 15, figures 5 and 6) is linked to the spray nozzles.
The spray nozzles are adjusted to leave the spray pattern (item 16, figures 5 and 6) set to adequately contact the v~reeds. As the header is lowered, the trailing height gauge wheel rotates the spray nozzles. The spray pattern rotates to retain an effective distance to adequately contact the weeds.
D. List of figures:
1. Header Sprayer on Swather, side view, schematic 2. HeadEr Sprayer on Swather, top view, schematic 3. Header Sprayer on Combine with Cutter Bar, side view, schematic 4. Header SpTay~ on Combine with Stripper Header, side view, scheiriatic
C. Invention '1~ho invention is used to spray herbicides at an optimized rate while cutting tfae crop at harvest time, using a sprayer attachment on the header of the swather or the combine. The preferred sprayer attachment would be to utilize "smart spray nozzles". These would be spray nuzzles (item 2, all figures) that are used with sensors (item 17, figures 1 to 4) that by some means (color differentiation, etc.) detect if a weed is pressrnt and only turn on spray to the appropriate nozzle or nozzles if a weed or weeds are detected. One of the challenges of the sprayers with the "srxxant spray nozzles" has been the difficulty of the sensors to work properly in a!1 light conditions (bright sunlight, cloudy, etc.). If the sensors are located under the header of the combine or swather, the weeds and ground would always be shaded, out of the direct sunlight and this should greatly improve the functioning of the ssnsors. Artificial light of a desired type could be used to illuminate the weeds, ground, crop residua, etc. for optimum differentiation between the weeds and the ground, crop residue, etc. This would allow the machine to work equally well in the daylight hours and when it is dark. If other nozzles are used in place of "smart spray nozzles", the nozzles shown an the sketches could be any other more conventional style ofnozzles.
Typically at the proper time, un-harvested crops (item 5, all figures) are harvested with either a swather or a combine or some other harvesting unit consisting of a tractor unit (item 8, all figures) and a header (item 7, all figures).
>;Jsually, the header of the combine or the swathcr has a cutter bar (item 1, figures 1, 2, 3, S and 4) that cuts the crop and leaves stubble (item 6, all figures) standing in the field.
The reel (item 4, figures 1, 3, 5 and b) is pivotally attached to the header and helps to bring the harvested crop (item 9, figures 1, 3, 5 and 6} onto the header.
Tn the case of a rnmbine with a stripper header, there is no cutter bar but rather a stripper drum (item 12, flgetre 4)) that rotates and strips the seeds Off the stalks of the plants.
In the Case of the combine, the harvested crop craters the combine and nothing is returned to the stubble until the rearward section of the combine. Here the chaff (item 14, figures 3 and 4) and straw (item 13, figures 3 and 4) are returned to the stubble and to the ground surface (item 11, figures 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6). The spray nozzles arc located under the combine header and behind the cutter bar or behind the stripper drum. If the "smart spray nozzles" arc used, the sensors for the "smart nozzles" are located ahead of the "smart spray nozzles". The spray nozzles spray the herbicide ova tkio weeds (item 3, figures 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6) in the stubble pmior to the chaff and straw being returned to the stubble andlor ground surface. The header could be a corn header or a cotton header. A cutter bar style header for small grains could be either an auger style header or a draper style header.
When the invention is used in conjunction with a swather header, the spray nozzles are typically located under the ~maehine and to the rear of the cutter bar of the header. The cut crop is discharged from the header in a windrow (item X0, figures 1 arid 2). The spray nozzles arc located under the header and spray the herbicide on the weeds in the stubble prior to the windrow being placed on the stubble. J~ue to the wide variation in nozzle height, modifications to the sprayer nozzles and sprayer nozzle spacing may be necessary. If necessary, the nozzles could be spaced closer together transversely across the machine. Oz~e other modification might be to rotate the nozzles as the header is raised or lowered.
This effectively keeps tht distance from the nozzles to the weeds relatively unchanged as the header is raised or lowered. The nozzles could be rotated by various means; electrical, hydraulao Qr mechanical or combinations thereof. A
mcchxnicat means of rotating the nozzles is shown in figures 5 and 4. A tz-anJ,ing height gauge wh~l (item 15, figures 5 and 6) is linked to the spray nozzles.
The spray nozzles are adjusted to leave the spray pattern (item 16, figures 5 and 6) set to adequately contact the v~reeds. As the header is lowered, the trailing height gauge wheel rotates the spray nozzles. The spray pattern rotates to retain an effective distance to adequately contact the weeds.
D. List of figures:
1. Header Sprayer on Swather, side view, schematic 2. HeadEr Sprayer on Swather, top view, schematic 3. Header Sprayer on Combine with Cutter Bar, side view, schematic 4. Header SpTay~ on Combine with Stripper Header, side view, scheiriatic
5. Header Sprayer in Raised Position, side view, sclaezr~atic b. Header Sprayer in l:,owered Position, side view, schematic 1J. With both the combine application and the swather application, the invention has the following advantages:
1. Weeds are sprayed iut leis stubble after a significant portion of the crop has been rexnaved, giving much improved herbicide contact with the weeds.
No herbicide is "wasted" on the crop canopy that is removed and less herbicide needs to be used to control the weeds.
2. "Smack spray x~o~Ies" era spray nozzles that by some means (color differentiation, etc.) detect if a weed is present and only turn on spray to the appropriate nozzle if a wood or weeds arc detected The use of "smart spray nozales" would greatly reduce the amount of chemical applied. This reduces the cost to the farmer and is environmentally friendly due to the decreased use of herbicide. This also would substaz~bially decrease tlxe amount of water that would have to be hauled to the machine.
3. Weeds are sprayed in the stubble before any residue or covering is placed on the weeds. Yn the case of tho swather, tho weeds are sprayed before tho swath is laid on the stubble. In the case of the combine, the weeds arc sprayed before the chaff and straw are placed on the stubble.
4. The spraying operation is done at the same time as the crop is being harvested (swathed, combined or picked). This eliminates one operation and tho assoeiatod costs of that extra operation.
$. Because the spraying operation is done at the same time as the crop cutting, there is no tramping of the erop pzaor to harvest, as typically occurs in the pre-harvest herbicide application. Therefore, as a result of the invention, substantial crop is saved and can therefore be harvested.
1. Weeds are sprayed iut leis stubble after a significant portion of the crop has been rexnaved, giving much improved herbicide contact with the weeds.
No herbicide is "wasted" on the crop canopy that is removed and less herbicide needs to be used to control the weeds.
2. "Smack spray x~o~Ies" era spray nozzles that by some means (color differentiation, etc.) detect if a weed is present and only turn on spray to the appropriate nozzle if a wood or weeds arc detected The use of "smart spray nozales" would greatly reduce the amount of chemical applied. This reduces the cost to the farmer and is environmentally friendly due to the decreased use of herbicide. This also would substaz~bially decrease tlxe amount of water that would have to be hauled to the machine.
3. Weeds are sprayed in the stubble before any residue or covering is placed on the weeds. Yn the case of tho swather, tho weeds are sprayed before tho swath is laid on the stubble. In the case of the combine, the weeds arc sprayed before the chaff and straw are placed on the stubble.
4. The spraying operation is done at the same time as the crop is being harvested (swathed, combined or picked). This eliminates one operation and tho assoeiatod costs of that extra operation.
$. Because the spraying operation is done at the same time as the crop cutting, there is no tramping of the erop pzaor to harvest, as typically occurs in the pre-harvest herbicide application. Therefore, as a result of the invention, substantial crop is saved and can therefore be harvested.
6. The invontion gives the desired rveed control of the pre-harvest herbicide application without the negative impact of the herbicide coming in contact with the seeds of #be harvested crop (current pre-harvest application of glyphasate in standing crops decreases germination of the seeds of some crops).
7. , Applying the chemical after the crop canopy has been removed and taming individual nozzles on only when a weed or weeds are detected, would greatly reduce the axzracuat of chexxrical applied. This would als4 substantially decrease the amount of water that would have to be hauled to the machine.
8. There have been a few "smart" sprayers that have been introduced to the market aztd oz~e of the reasons for the lack of acceptance has been the high cast of the traits. Typically, on the great plains of North America, the sprayers arc 80' to 130' wide. To equip one of these wide sprayers with the "smart" spray technology is vary costly. Most combine headers and swather headers are in the range of 20' to 30'; equipping one of these headers with a "smart" sprayer would be much more affordablet F. List of Elements:
1. Cutter bar 2. Spray nozzles (standard or ".smart") 3. Weeds 4. Reel 5. Unharvested orop 6. Stubble 7. Header 8. Tractor unit 4. Harvested crop 10. Windrow 11. Ground surface 12. Stripper drum 13. Straw 14. chaff 15. Cxauge wheel 16. Spray pattern 17. Sensors for "smart nozzles"
G, Prior Art:
1, High clearance sprayer used for pre-harvest herbicide application (pre-harvest Round-up) 2. Sprayers using "smart nozzles" such as Detect Spray (North America), WoedSeeker (Australia) and Green Target Selectable (GTS) Enviro-Sprayer (Australia 3. Coxnbiuae auger header with batt-type reel 4. Combine draper header with pick up reel 5. Sclfpropcllcd swather with pick-up reel 6. Pull-type swather with butt-type reel 7. Combine with porn header $. Cotton harvester Dave Hundeby
1. Cutter bar 2. Spray nozzles (standard or ".smart") 3. Weeds 4. Reel 5. Unharvested orop 6. Stubble 7. Header 8. Tractor unit 4. Harvested crop 10. Windrow 11. Ground surface 12. Stripper drum 13. Straw 14. chaff 15. Cxauge wheel 16. Spray pattern 17. Sensors for "smart nozzles"
G, Prior Art:
1, High clearance sprayer used for pre-harvest herbicide application (pre-harvest Round-up) 2. Sprayers using "smart nozzles" such as Detect Spray (North America), WoedSeeker (Australia) and Green Target Selectable (GTS) Enviro-Sprayer (Australia 3. Coxnbiuae auger header with batt-type reel 4. Combine draper header with pick up reel 5. Sclfpropcllcd swather with pick-up reel 6. Pull-type swather with butt-type reel 7. Combine with porn header $. Cotton harvester Dave Hundeby
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2360631 CA2360631A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Sprayer apparatus for harvest header |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2360631 CA2360631A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Sprayer apparatus for harvest header |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2360631A1 true CA2360631A1 (en) | 2003-04-30 |
Family
ID=4170388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2360631 Abandoned CA2360631A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Sprayer apparatus for harvest header |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2360631A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITMN20130001A1 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-07-05 | Guerrieri Gonzaga Aliana | ASSEMBLY OF MODULAR DEVICES FOR RENOVATION AND THE PNEUMOIRRORATION OF THE CHIOMA OF TREES IN ROOF |
| CN109089527A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2018-12-28 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | A kind of intelligence harvester header horizontal lifting control system and method |
-
2001
- 2001-10-30 CA CA 2360631 patent/CA2360631A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITMN20130001A1 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-07-05 | Guerrieri Gonzaga Aliana | ASSEMBLY OF MODULAR DEVICES FOR RENOVATION AND THE PNEUMOIRRORATION OF THE CHIOMA OF TREES IN ROOF |
| CN109089527A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2018-12-28 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | A kind of intelligence harvester header horizontal lifting control system and method |
| CN109089527B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2024-01-12 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Horizontal lifting control system and method for header of intelligent harvester |
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