CA2356945A1 - Method for cutting a workpiece - Google Patents
Method for cutting a workpiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2356945A1 CA2356945A1 CA002356945A CA2356945A CA2356945A1 CA 2356945 A1 CA2356945 A1 CA 2356945A1 CA 002356945 A CA002356945 A CA 002356945A CA 2356945 A CA2356945 A CA 2356945A CA 2356945 A1 CA2356945 A1 CA 2356945A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- workpiece
- cutting edge
- axis
- axes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cutting a workpiece (5), especially a three-dimensional, spatial surface (1) of said workpiece (5). A tool (2) tha t is provided with at least one cutting edge is moved in three movement axes ( x, y, z) along the surface (1) and is positioned on a fourth axis (W), whereby the cutting edge (3) faces the surface (1).
Description
Jiirgen Roders Scheibenstraf3e 9 29614 Soltau METHOD FOR MACHINING A WORKPIECE
Description The present invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece. The use of high-speed milling methods is known in the three-dimensional machining of workpieces. Relatively high surface qualities can be obtained, in particular, thanks to the high speeds of the tools and the resulting high cutting speeds. The tool must here be moved along many, closely adjacent paths over the workpiece.
However, the surface quality to be achieved with said methods is limited.
There is the risk, in particular because of the high speeds, that the tool (milling tool) starts to vibrate. This risk arises, in particular, whenever there are large projecting lengths. The vibrations of the tool are of course transmitted to the surface of the workpiece, so that surface inaccuracies, chatter marks, or similar defects, are observed.
A further drawback caused by the system in the case of milling methods is that there is always an interrupted cut. The tool is additionally induced to vibrate because of such an interruption in the cut.
On the whole, surface roughnesses or other defects of the workpiece are observed in the above-described milling method - even in the case of extremely fine line spacings.
Description The present invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece. The use of high-speed milling methods is known in the three-dimensional machining of workpieces. Relatively high surface qualities can be obtained, in particular, thanks to the high speeds of the tools and the resulting high cutting speeds. The tool must here be moved along many, closely adjacent paths over the workpiece.
However, the surface quality to be achieved with said methods is limited.
There is the risk, in particular because of the high speeds, that the tool (milling tool) starts to vibrate. This risk arises, in particular, whenever there are large projecting lengths. The vibrations of the tool are of course transmitted to the surface of the workpiece, so that surface inaccuracies, chatter marks, or similar defects, are observed.
A further drawback caused by the system in the case of milling methods is that there is always an interrupted cut. The tool is additionally induced to vibrate because of such an interruption in the cut.
On the whole, surface roughnesses or other defects of the workpiece are observed in the above-described milling method - even in the case of extremely fine line spacings.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a method for machining a workpiece, which method can be employed easily, in particular in the case of three-dimensional surfaces, and yields a high surface quality.
According to the invention this object is achieved by the features of the main claim;
the sub-claims show further advantageous developments of the invention.
Thus, according to the invention, a tool which is provided with at least one cutting edge is moved in three axes of motion along the surface during the machining of a three-dimensional spatial surface, the tool being respectively positioned in a fourth axis with its cutting edge relative to the surface.
The method of the invention is characterized by a number of considerable advantages. According to the invention it is thus possible to obtain an uninterrupted cut by means of a cutting edge that is moved along the three-dimensional surface. Identical cutting conditions are respectively obtained due to the positioning of the cutting edge of the tool relative to the surface, i.e., independently of the spatial design of the surface. Said cutting conditions can easily be optimized by selecting the advance speed and cutting geometry and by aligning the cutting edge.
The method of the invention can preferably be carried out on a high-speed milling machine (milling with HSC). The milling spindle used in such a machine is however not rotated in a continuous manner, but is just rotated in response to the surface geometry of the workpiece for positioning the cutting edge of the tool accordingly.
Hence, there are cutting conditions comparable to those of a lathe. On the other hand, it is possible according to the invention to machine any desired three-dimensional surface.
According to the invention this object is achieved by the features of the main claim;
the sub-claims show further advantageous developments of the invention.
Thus, according to the invention, a tool which is provided with at least one cutting edge is moved in three axes of motion along the surface during the machining of a three-dimensional spatial surface, the tool being respectively positioned in a fourth axis with its cutting edge relative to the surface.
The method of the invention is characterized by a number of considerable advantages. According to the invention it is thus possible to obtain an uninterrupted cut by means of a cutting edge that is moved along the three-dimensional surface. Identical cutting conditions are respectively obtained due to the positioning of the cutting edge of the tool relative to the surface, i.e., independently of the spatial design of the surface. Said cutting conditions can easily be optimized by selecting the advance speed and cutting geometry and by aligning the cutting edge.
The method of the invention can preferably be carried out on a high-speed milling machine (milling with HSC). The milling spindle used in such a machine is however not rotated in a continuous manner, but is just rotated in response to the surface geometry of the workpiece for positioning the cutting edge of the tool accordingly.
Hence, there are cutting conditions comparable to those of a lathe. On the other hand, it is possible according to the invention to machine any desired three-dimensional surface.
Since the tool itself is not rotated in the inventive method, all defects caused by the rotation and by the possibly arising vibration of the tool are avoided.
According to the invention the tool may have a cylindrical, spherical or rounded shape; it is possible to use helical or straight cutting edges. Furthermore, it may be of advantage when the tool has a coating, e.g. a diamond coating. The method is thus not limited to speck tools or to a predetermined geometry of the workpiece.
It is of particular advantage when the fourth axis around which the cutting edge of the tool can be positioned is the rotational axis of the tool. This, however, is not a precondition; rather, other arrangements of the rotational axis are also possible.
According to the invention the tool is preferably rotated in the fourth axis with respect to the orientation of its cutting edge relative to the surface. In a CNC
machine in which the surface in its three-dimensional form is predetermined by the machine, the cutting edge can thus always be aligned in an optimum way.
The rotation of the tool about the fourth axis is preferably continuous, e.g., by using a stepping motor.
To be able to machine any desired three-dimensional surface, it is also advantageous when the rotation of the tool is respectively carried out in both rotational directions.
It has been found to be of particular advantage when the surface normal of the tool, based on the three-dimensional surface, is taken as a reference value or initial value and when the cutting edge of the tool is oriented relative to said normal. It is thereby ensured that the rake angle or clearance angle remains always constant or identical.
According to the invention the tool may have a cylindrical, spherical or rounded shape; it is possible to use helical or straight cutting edges. Furthermore, it may be of advantage when the tool has a coating, e.g. a diamond coating. The method is thus not limited to speck tools or to a predetermined geometry of the workpiece.
It is of particular advantage when the fourth axis around which the cutting edge of the tool can be positioned is the rotational axis of the tool. This, however, is not a precondition; rather, other arrangements of the rotational axis are also possible.
According to the invention the tool is preferably rotated in the fourth axis with respect to the orientation of its cutting edge relative to the surface. In a CNC
machine in which the surface in its three-dimensional form is predetermined by the machine, the cutting edge can thus always be aligned in an optimum way.
The rotation of the tool about the fourth axis is preferably continuous, e.g., by using a stepping motor.
To be able to machine any desired three-dimensional surface, it is also advantageous when the rotation of the tool is respectively carried out in both rotational directions.
It has been found to be of particular advantage when the surface normal of the tool, based on the three-dimensional surface, is taken as a reference value or initial value and when the cutting edge of the tool is oriented relative to said normal. It is thereby ensured that the rake angle or clearance angle remains always constant or identical.
As for the geometry of the tool, the method of the invention can be adapted in many ways, in particular with respect to the cutting speeds, the cutting edge geometries, the workpiece characteristics, etc. A tool may e.g. be used which is designed to be similar to a milling tool, but it is also possible to provide a tool which, as far as its geometry is concerned, rather resembles a planing tool in its geometry.
The cutting speed, i.e. the three-dimensional advance speed of the tool, can also be chosen in an optimum manner. For instance, it is possible to strongly reduce the cutting speed in the case of small inner radii. The chip to be removed is kept correspondingly small to avoid overloads on the tool and to ensure that there are no objectionable vibrations.
The machine tool of the invention which serves to carry out the method preferably exhibits a very high traveling and positioning accuracy. This can e.g. be accomplished by using linear motors. Furthermore, it is favorable when hydrostatic guides or air-supported guides are provided for the individual slides of the machine.
The invention shall now be described with reference to an embodiment taken in conjunction with the drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic simplified view illustrating the method of the invention during the machining of a three-dimensional surface, and Fig. 2 is a very simplified enlarged top view on a machining area according to the invention.
Fig. 1 shows part of a workpiece 5 which has a three-dimensional surface 1 to be machined or produced. A tool 2 which is provided with at least one cutting edge 3 is moved along a multitude of tracks 7 that are parallel to one another, the movement of the tool 2 for producing the three-dimensional surface 1 taking place along three axes x, y and z.
Tool 2 is supported on a spindle 6 which is pivotable about an axis W, as outlined by the double-headed arrow.
Thus tool 2 is guided along track 7 over the three-dimensional surface 1. Fig.
2 is an enlarged view showing a detail of the machining area. A few surface normals are shown with respect to the three-dimensional surface 1. Said normals 4 are suited in a particularly advantageous manner for aligning the position of the cutting edge 3 relative to surface 1 (by rotating the spindle 6 about axis W). In the illustrated embodiment tool 2 comprises two opposite, symmetrical cutting edges.
It goes without saying that within the scope of the present invention only one of said cutting edges has to be in continuous engagement, whereas the other cutting edge can either be used as a spare part or may be provided with other cutting geometries, for instance, to produce a fine cut, or the like.
The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment; rather, many alterations and mod~cations are possible within the scope of the invention.
To sum up, the following should be noted:
The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece 5, in which method in particular a three-dimensional spatial surface 1 is machined, wherein a tool 2 which is provided with at least one cutting edge is moved in three axes of motion x, y, z along the surface 1, and the tool 2 is respectively positioned in a fourth axis W with a cutting edge 3 relative to the surface 1 (Fig. 2).
The cutting speed, i.e. the three-dimensional advance speed of the tool, can also be chosen in an optimum manner. For instance, it is possible to strongly reduce the cutting speed in the case of small inner radii. The chip to be removed is kept correspondingly small to avoid overloads on the tool and to ensure that there are no objectionable vibrations.
The machine tool of the invention which serves to carry out the method preferably exhibits a very high traveling and positioning accuracy. This can e.g. be accomplished by using linear motors. Furthermore, it is favorable when hydrostatic guides or air-supported guides are provided for the individual slides of the machine.
The invention shall now be described with reference to an embodiment taken in conjunction with the drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic simplified view illustrating the method of the invention during the machining of a three-dimensional surface, and Fig. 2 is a very simplified enlarged top view on a machining area according to the invention.
Fig. 1 shows part of a workpiece 5 which has a three-dimensional surface 1 to be machined or produced. A tool 2 which is provided with at least one cutting edge 3 is moved along a multitude of tracks 7 that are parallel to one another, the movement of the tool 2 for producing the three-dimensional surface 1 taking place along three axes x, y and z.
Tool 2 is supported on a spindle 6 which is pivotable about an axis W, as outlined by the double-headed arrow.
Thus tool 2 is guided along track 7 over the three-dimensional surface 1. Fig.
2 is an enlarged view showing a detail of the machining area. A few surface normals are shown with respect to the three-dimensional surface 1. Said normals 4 are suited in a particularly advantageous manner for aligning the position of the cutting edge 3 relative to surface 1 (by rotating the spindle 6 about axis W). In the illustrated embodiment tool 2 comprises two opposite, symmetrical cutting edges.
It goes without saying that within the scope of the present invention only one of said cutting edges has to be in continuous engagement, whereas the other cutting edge can either be used as a spare part or may be provided with other cutting geometries, for instance, to produce a fine cut, or the like.
The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment; rather, many alterations and mod~cations are possible within the scope of the invention.
To sum up, the following should be noted:
The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece 5, in which method in particular a three-dimensional spatial surface 1 is machined, wherein a tool 2 which is provided with at least one cutting edge is moved in three axes of motion x, y, z along the surface 1, and the tool 2 is respectively positioned in a fourth axis W with a cutting edge 3 relative to the surface 1 (Fig. 2).
Claims (10)
1. A method for machining a workpiece (5), in which method in particular a three-dimensional spatial surface (1) is machined, wherein a tool (2) which is provided with at least one cutting edge is moved in three axes of motion x, y, z along said surface (1), and said tool (2) is respectively positioned in a fourth axis W with a cutting edge (3) relative to said surface (1).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said fourth axis W
is a rotational axis of said tool (2).
is a rotational axis of said tool (2).
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that said tool (2) in said fourth axis W is rotated with respect to the orientation of its cutting edge (3) relative to said surface (1).
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotation is carried out step by step.
5. The method according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that said rotation is respectively carried out in both rotational directions.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cutting edge (3) of said tool (2) is positioned relative to the surface normal (4) of the surface (1) of said workpiece (5).
7. A machine tool for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a table holding a workpiece (5), and a tool (2) supported on a rotatable spindle (6), wherein a relative movement is possible in three axes x, y, z between said workpiece (5) and said tool (2) for producing a three-dimensional spatial surface (1), and said tool (2) is continuously movable about the longitudinal axis W of said spindle (6) as the fourth axis.
8. The machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the movement takes place about the four axes x, y, z, w by means of linear motors.
9. The machine tool according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the guides for movement around said axes x, y, z, w are designed in the form of hydrostatic guides.
10. The machine tool according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the guides for movement around said axes x, y, z, w are designed in the form of air-supported guides.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19906858.5 | 1999-02-18 | ||
| DE1999106858 DE19906858A1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 1999-02-18 | Process for machining a workpiece |
| PCT/EP2000/000811 WO2000048786A1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2000-02-01 | Method for cutting a workpiece |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2356945A1 true CA2356945A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
Family
ID=7897933
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002356945A Abandoned CA2356945A1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2000-02-01 | Method for cutting a workpiece |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1073540A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2356945A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19906858A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000048786A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015044490A1 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-02 | Jose Antonio Fernandez Garcia | Cutting method, machine and tools for continuous machining |
| US20210023608A1 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-28 | Rays Engineering Co., Ltd. | Method for producing vehicle wheels |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005048691B4 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2012-09-13 | Siemens Ag | Tool and method for machining a workpiece from a rock-like material or a ceramic |
| DE102005027829A1 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-21 | M-Drei Gmbh | Plate shaped work piece e.g. wooden plate, machining method for cupboard, involves machining plate`s front side by milling tool with curved edge, and inclining plane upper surface of side in exact angle to upper surface of workpiece |
| US8821086B2 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2014-09-02 | Tennine Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlled-fracture machining |
| US20100111632A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-05-06 | Tingley Iii William Q | Method and apparatus for non-rotary machining |
| US9101991B1 (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2015-08-11 | Tennine Corp. | Method and apparatus for non-spindle multi-axis machining |
| DE102014011199A1 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-01-28 | Heinz Deitert | Method for machining recesses in workpieces and apparatus for this purpose |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62176709A (en) * | 1986-01-28 | 1987-08-03 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Method and tool for working curved surface |
| GB8809160D0 (en) * | 1988-04-19 | 1988-05-25 | Renishaw Plc | Co-ordinate measuring machine |
| DE59309748D1 (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1999-09-30 | Starrag | Machine tool |
| DE19616526A1 (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1997-11-06 | Rainer Jung | Machine for the machining of optical materials for the production of optical parts |
-
1999
- 1999-02-18 DE DE1999106858 patent/DE19906858A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-02-01 WO PCT/EP2000/000811 patent/WO2000048786A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-01 EP EP00912442A patent/EP1073540A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-01 CA CA002356945A patent/CA2356945A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015044490A1 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-02 | Jose Antonio Fernandez Garcia | Cutting method, machine and tools for continuous machining |
| EP3061563A4 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2017-07-26 | Jose Antonio Fernandez Garcia | Cutting method, machine and tools for continuous machining |
| US20210023608A1 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-28 | Rays Engineering Co., Ltd. | Method for producing vehicle wheels |
| US11684983B2 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2023-06-27 | Rays Engineering Co., Ltd. | Method for producing vehicle wheels |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19906858A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
| EP1073540A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
| WO2000048786A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |