CA2344908A1 - Model based fault detection and diagnosis methodology for hvac subsystems - Google Patents
Model based fault detection and diagnosis methodology for hvac subsystems Download PDFInfo
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- CA2344908A1 CA2344908A1 CA002344908A CA2344908A CA2344908A1 CA 2344908 A1 CA2344908 A1 CA 2344908A1 CA 002344908 A CA002344908 A CA 002344908A CA 2344908 A CA2344908 A CA 2344908A CA 2344908 A1 CA2344908 A1 CA 2344908A1
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- condenser
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
- G05B23/0243—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults model based detection method, e.g. first-principles knowledge model
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
A fault detection system for an HVAC system including sensors for measuring the performance of a condenser, a compressor, an evaporator, and a chiller. The fault detection system is provided with a thermodynamic preprocessor f or calculating characteristic quantities (CQ's) from a plurality of measured inputs. Also provided is a base-case lookup table for storing plural first sets of CQ values generated by the thermodynamic preprocessor in an initial period in which fault-free operation of the HVAC system is assumed, a first set of CQ values being generated for each of plural different measured input values. An interpolator is provided for interpolating a set of base-case CQ values from the first sets of CQ values stored in the base-case lookup table for a given set of measured inputs. A fault- detector detects a fault when a difference between actual CQ values and base-case CQ values exceeds a predetermined threshold value for at least one of the CQ values. A fault classifier classifies a detected fault based on which ones of the actual CQ values exce ed the interpolated CQ values.
Claims (36)
1. A fault detection system for an HVAC system including sensors for measuring the performance of one or more of a condenser, a compressor, an evaporator, and a chiller, said fault detection system comprising:
a processing means for generating characteristic quantities (CQ's) from a plurality of measured inputs;
means for storing plural CQ values generated by said processing means in an initial period in which fault-free operation of the HVAC system is assumed, CQ
values being generated for each of plural different measured input values;
means for producing interpolated base-case CQ values from said plural stored CQ values for a given set of measured inputs;
means for detecting a fault when a difference between actual CQ values, calculated by said processing means using said given set of measured inputs, and said interpolated base-case CQ values varies from a predetermined threshold value;
means for classifying a detected fault based on which ones of said actual CQ
values varies from said interpolated CQ values.
a processing means for generating characteristic quantities (CQ's) from a plurality of measured inputs;
means for storing plural CQ values generated by said processing means in an initial period in which fault-free operation of the HVAC system is assumed, CQ
values being generated for each of plural different measured input values;
means for producing interpolated base-case CQ values from said plural stored CQ values for a given set of measured inputs;
means for detecting a fault when a difference between actual CQ values, calculated by said processing means using said given set of measured inputs, and said interpolated base-case CQ values varies from a predetermined threshold value;
means for classifying a detected fault based on which ones of said actual CQ
values varies from said interpolated CQ values.
2. The fault detection system according to claim 1 wherein said processing means uses measured inputs selected from the group comprising:
chilled water supply temperature; chilled water return temperature; condenser water supply temperature; chilled water flow rate; condenser water flow rate; evaporator saturation temperature; condenser saturation temperature; and compressor discharge temperature.
chilled water supply temperature; chilled water return temperature; condenser water supply temperature; chilled water flow rate; condenser water flow rate; evaporator saturation temperature; condenser saturation temperature; and compressor discharge temperature.
3. The fault detection system according to claim 1 wherein said interpolator is a General Regression Neural Network.
4. The fault detection system according to claim 1 wherein said interpolator is a Probabilistic Neural Network.
5. The fault detection system according to claim 1 wherein said interpolator is a Back Propagation Network.
6. The fault detection system according to claim 1 wherein said CQ's are selected from the group comprising: evaporator heat exchanger approach;
condenser heat exchanger approach; chilled water temperature difference; condenser water temperature; condenser conductance-area product; condenser conductance-area product; isentropic efficiency; motor/transmission efficiency; overall coefficient of performance; and compressor coefficient of performance.
condenser heat exchanger approach; chilled water temperature difference; condenser water temperature; condenser conductance-area product; condenser conductance-area product; isentropic efficiency; motor/transmission efficiency; overall coefficient of performance; and compressor coefficient of performance.
7. The fault detection system according to claim 6 wherein condenser water flow rate abnormalities are diagnosed when one of said condenser conductance-area product, said condenser heat exchanger approach, and said condenser water temperature difference exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
8. The fault detection system according to claim 6 wherein chilled water flow rate abnormalities are diagnosed when one of said evaporator conductance-area product, said evaporator heat exchanger approach, and said chilled water temperature difference exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
9. The fault detection system according to claim 6 wherein chilled water flow rate abnormalities are diagnosed when one of said evaporator conductance-area product, said evaporator heat exchanger approach, and said chilled water temperature difference exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
10. The fault detection system according to claim 6 wherein evaporator tube fouling is diagnosed when one of said evaporator conductance-area product and said evaporator heat exchanger approach exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
11. The fault detection system according to claim 6 wherein condenser tube fouling is diagnosed when one of said condenser conductance-area product and said condenser heat exchanger approach exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
12. The fault detection system according to claim 6 wherein an internal compressor internal fault is diagnosed when one of said compressor coefficient of performance, said isentropic efficiency, and compressor power draw exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
13. The fault detection system according to claim 6 wherein a motor transmission fault is diagnosed when one of said overall coefficient of performance, said motor/transmission efficiency, and motor power draw exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
14. The fault detection system according to claim 6 wherein said predetermined threshold includes upper and lower critical value levels for each said characteristic quantity, said upper and lower critical value levels being determined in accordance with a rated precision error of a sensor used to acquire a selected said measured input used to calculate said characteristic quantities.
15. A method for detecting faults in a chiller subsystem of a facility cooling system, comprising:
providing plural base data sets of measured inputs, each said set of measured inputs including sensor data for a different base operating condition of the chiller;
computing a set of characteristic quantities for each of said plural base data sets;
storing said plural sets of characteristic quantities in a memory means;
providing a test data set for a test operating condition of the chiller;
computing a set of characteristic quantities from said test data set;
producing an interpolated base set of characteristic quantities from among said plural sets of characteristic quantities stored in said memory means using said test data set;
detecting a fault when at least one characteristic quantity exceeds a predetermined threshold range;
diagnosing a fault in relation to which ones of said characteristic quantities exceed said predetermined threshold range.
providing plural base data sets of measured inputs, each said set of measured inputs including sensor data for a different base operating condition of the chiller;
computing a set of characteristic quantities for each of said plural base data sets;
storing said plural sets of characteristic quantities in a memory means;
providing a test data set for a test operating condition of the chiller;
computing a set of characteristic quantities from said test data set;
producing an interpolated base set of characteristic quantities from among said plural sets of characteristic quantities stored in said memory means using said test data set;
detecting a fault when at least one characteristic quantity exceeds a predetermined threshold range;
diagnosing a fault in relation to which ones of said characteristic quantities exceed said predetermined threshold range.
16. The method according to claim 15 wherein said predetermined threshold range includes upper and lower critical value levels for each said characteristic quantity, said upper and lower critical value levels being determined in accordance with a rated precision error of a sensor used to acquire data items contained in said test data set.
17. The method according to claim 15 wherein said measured inputs are selected from the group comprising: {chilled water supply temperature; chilled water return temperature; condenser water supply temperature; chilled water flow rate;
condenser water flow rate; evaporator saturation temperature; condenser saturation temperature; and compressor discharge temperature.
condenser water flow rate; evaporator saturation temperature; condenser saturation temperature; and compressor discharge temperature.
18. The method according to claim 15 wherein said characteristic quantities are selected from the group comprising: evaporator heat exchanger approach;
condenser heat exchanger approach; chilled water temperature difference;
condenser water temperature; condenser conductance-area product; condenser conductance-area product; isentropic efficiency; motor/transmission efficiency; overall coefficient of performance; and compressor coefficient of performance.
condenser heat exchanger approach; chilled water temperature difference;
condenser water temperature; condenser conductance-area product; condenser conductance-area product; isentropic efficiency; motor/transmission efficiency; overall coefficient of performance; and compressor coefficient of performance.
19. The method according to claim 18 wherein condenser water flow rate abnormalities are diagnosed when one of said condenser conductance-area product, said condenser heat exchanger approach, and said condenser water temperature difference exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
20. The method according to claim 18 wherein chilled water flow rate abnormalities are diagnosed when one of said evaporator conductance-area product, said evaporator heat exchanger approach, and said chilled water temperature difference exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
21. The method according to claim 18 wherein water flow rate abnormalities in said chilled water flow are detected when one of said evaporator conductance-area product, said evaporator heat exchanger approach, and said chilled water temperature difference exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
22. The method according to claim 18 wherein evaporator tube fouling is diagnosed when one of said evaporator conductance-area product and said evaporator heat exchanger approach exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
23. The method according to claim 18 wherein condenser tube fouling is diagnosed when one of said condenser conductance-area product and said condenser heat exchanger approach exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
24. The method according to claim 18 wherein an internal compressor internal fault is diagnosed when one of said compressor coefficient of performance, said isentropic efficiency, and compressor power draw exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
25. The method according to claim 18 wherein a motor transmission fault is diagnosed when one of said overall coefficient of performance, said motor/transmission efficiency, and motor power draw exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
26. A fault detection and diagnosis system for a HVAC system including at least two chillers, each chiller being equipped with sensors for measuring the performance of one or more condenser, a compressor, an evaporator, and a chiller, said fault detection system comprising:
processing means for calculating characteristic quantities (CQ's) from a plurality of measured inputs for each of the chillers, one chiller being designated as a base-case chiller;
means for detecting a fault when a difference between CQ values for the base case chiller and CQ values for other ones of the chillers exceeds a predetermined threshold range for at least one of said CQ values;
a fault classifier for classifying a detected fault based on which ones of said actual CQ values exceed said threshold range.
processing means for calculating characteristic quantities (CQ's) from a plurality of measured inputs for each of the chillers, one chiller being designated as a base-case chiller;
means for detecting a fault when a difference between CQ values for the base case chiller and CQ values for other ones of the chillers exceeds a predetermined threshold range for at least one of said CQ values;
a fault classifier for classifying a detected fault based on which ones of said actual CQ values exceed said threshold range.
27. The fault detection system according to claim 26 wherein said CQ's are selected from the group comprising: evaporator heat exchanger approach;
condenser heat exchanger approach; chilled water temperature difference; condenser water temperature; condenser conductance-area product; condenser conductance-area product; isentropic efficiency; motor/transmission efficiency; overall coefficient of performance; and compressor coefficient of performance.
condenser heat exchanger approach; chilled water temperature difference; condenser water temperature; condenser conductance-area product; condenser conductance-area product; isentropic efficiency; motor/transmission efficiency; overall coefficient of performance; and compressor coefficient of performance.
28. The fault detection system according to claim 27 wherein condenser water flow rate abnormalities are diagnosed when one of said condenser conductance-area product, said condenser heat exchanger approach, and said condenser water temperature difference exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
29. The fault detection system according to claim 27 wherein chilled water flow rate abnormalities are diagnosed when one of said evaporator conductance-area product, said evaporator heat exchanger approach, and said chilled water temperature difference-exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
30. The fault detection system according to claim 27 wherein chilled water flow rate abnormalities are diagnosed when one of said evaporator conductance-area product, said evaporator heat exchanger approach, and said chilled water temperature difference exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
31. The fault detection system according to claim 27 wherein evaporator tube fouling is diagnosed when one of said evaporator conductance-area product and said evaporator heat exchanger approach exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
32. The fault detection system according to claim 27 wherein condenser tube fouling is diagnosed when one of said condenser conductance-area product and said condenser heat exchanger approach exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
33. The fault detection system according to claim 27 wherein an internal compressor internal fault is diagnosed when one of said compressor coefficient of performance, said isentropic efficiency, and compressor power draw exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
34. The fault detection system according to claim 27 wherein a motor transmission fault is diagnosed when one of said overall coefficient of performance, said motor/transmission efficiency, and motor power draw exceeds said predetermined threshold value for said CQ.
35. The method according to claim 27 wherein said predetermined threshold includes upper and lower critical value levels for each said characteristic quantity, said upper and lower critical value levels being determined in accordance with a rated precision error of a sensor used to acquire a selected said measured input used to calculate said characteristic quantities.
36. The fault detection system according to claim 26 further comprising:
means for producing interpolated base-case CQ values from base-case chiller for a given set of measured inputs;
wherein said fault detecting means detects a fault when a difference between said interpolated base-case CQ values and CQ values for other ones of the chillers exceeds a predetermined threshold range for at least one of said CQ values.
means for producing interpolated base-case CQ values from base-case chiller for a given set of measured inputs;
wherein said fault detecting means detects a fault when a difference between said interpolated base-case CQ values and CQ values for other ones of the chillers exceeds a predetermined threshold range for at least one of said CQ values.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US61987700A | 2000-07-20 | 2000-07-20 | |
| US09/619,877 | 2000-07-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2344908A1 true CA2344908A1 (en) | 2002-01-20 |
| CA2344908C CA2344908C (en) | 2010-06-15 |
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| CA2344908A Expired - Lifetime CA2344908C (en) | 2000-07-20 | 2001-04-23 | Model based fault detection and diagnosis methodology for hvac subsystems |
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Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7650758B2 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2010-01-26 | Danfoss A/S | Method for evaluating a non-measured operating variable in a refrigeration plant |
| US7681407B2 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2010-03-23 | Danfoss A/S | Method and a device for detecting flash gas |
| US7685830B2 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2010-03-30 | Danfoss A/S | Method for detecting changes in a first media flow of a heat or cooling medium in a refrigeration system |
| US8100167B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2012-01-24 | Danfoss A/S | Method and a device for detecting an abnormality of a heat exchanger, and the use of such a device |
| WO2014072085A1 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-15 | Turkiye Petrol Rafinerileri A.S | A method for modeling and monitoring fouling |
| US9568227B2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2017-02-14 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Systems and methods for refrigerant charge detection |
| WO2017085525A1 (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-26 | Carrier Corporation | Diagnostics system for a chiller and method of evaluating performance of a chiller |
| ITUA20163737A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-24 | Ever_Est S R L | Procedure for detecting and diagnosing faults or anomalies in a liquid chiller device or in a heat pump. |
| US9874370B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2018-01-23 | Lennox Industries, Inc. | Systems and methods for balancing an HVAC system |
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| US7685830B2 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2010-03-30 | Danfoss A/S | Method for detecting changes in a first media flow of a heat or cooling medium in a refrigeration system |
| US7650758B2 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2010-01-26 | Danfoss A/S | Method for evaluating a non-measured operating variable in a refrigeration plant |
| US7681407B2 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2010-03-23 | Danfoss A/S | Method and a device for detecting flash gas |
| US8100167B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2012-01-24 | Danfoss A/S | Method and a device for detecting an abnormality of a heat exchanger, and the use of such a device |
| WO2014072085A1 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-15 | Turkiye Petrol Rafinerileri A.S | A method for modeling and monitoring fouling |
| EP3055570B1 (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2019-12-11 | Kaeser Kompressoren SE | Electronic control device for a component of the compressed air generation, the compressed air processing, the compressed air storage and/or the compressed air distribution |
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| US10274915B2 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2019-04-30 | Carrier Corporation | Scalable cyber-physical structure management |
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| ITUA20163737A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-24 | Ever_Est S R L | Procedure for detecting and diagnosing faults or anomalies in a liquid chiller device or in a heat pump. |
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| CN113701390A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-26 | 上海海洋大学 | Analysis method of carbon dioxide double-stage compression refrigeration cycle exergy |
| CN113758074A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-07 | 上海海洋大学 | Software-based thermodynamic analysis and verification method |
| CN113757944A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-07 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Air conditioning system fault diagnosis method and system based on air conditioning system model |
| CN113757944B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-11-11 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Air conditioning system fault diagnosis method and system based on air conditioning system model |
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| CN115127192B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-01-23 | 中南大学 | Semi-supervised water chilling unit fault diagnosis method and system based on graph neural network |
| CN115127192A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-30 | 中南大学 | Semi-supervised water chilling unit fault diagnosis method and system based on graph neural network |
| CN115406055A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-29 | 约克广州空调冷冻设备有限公司 | Air conditioning system for refrigerant leakage diagnosis and control method thereof |
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