CA2341188A1 - Bleaching compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of a borate and/or boric acid and a surfactant as a fabric protective system in a bleaching composition to treat fabrics whereby good fabric yellowing-prevention performance and/or good fabric safety is achieved.

Description

BLEACHING COMPOSITIONS
Field of the invention The present invention relates to a fabric protective system for use in bleaching compositions, which can be used to bleach fabrics, e.g., clothes, carpets and the like.
Background of the invention Bleach-containing compositions for bleaching fabrics, are well known in the art.
Amongst the different bleaching compositions available, those relying on bleaching by hypohalite bleach, such as hypochlorite; and those relying on peroxygen bleach, such as hydrogen peroxide,. are often preferred, mainly for bleaching performance reasons.
However, a drawback associated with the use of bleach-containing compositions, e.g., hypochlorite-based compositions, is that said compositions may potentially damage andlor cause yeifowin<~ of the fabrics being bleached.
During the bleaching operation, a liquid hypochlorite-containing composition for example, can be applied onto the fabric in neat or in diluted form. The hypochforite bleach can be present in various foiTrls, including hypochlorous acid and in the form of various molecule fragments resulting from its decomposition pathways. Hypochlorous acid and these molecules fragments are reactive with fabrics and may cause damage and/or yellowing of fabrics being bleached.
Therefore, bleaching compositions are often fomnulated comprising bleach and a fabric protective system. Compositions comprising bleach and one of various fabric protective systems are well-known in the art. An example is a bleaching WO 00!15744 PCT/U599/2I588 composition based on hypohalite bleach or peroxygen bleach comprising a polymer and a borate as a fabric protective system (EP-A-0 824 147}, or bleaching compositions based on hypochlorite comprising a metaborate as a fabric protective system (EP-A-0 781 480}.
However, there are some limitations to the convenience of said bleaches comprising a fabric protective system. In particular, it is well-known from consumes research that said compositions may still damage andlor yellow the fabrics which are being bleached, although said compositions comprise a fabric protective system.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a bleach-containing composition, suitable for use in laundry applications, whereby the fabric yellowing-prevention is further improved.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a bleaching composition, suitable for use in laundry application, whereby fabric safety is further improved.
Fabrics made of cotton andlor synthetic materials have free hydroxyl groups.
It is believed that fabric damage andlor fabric yellowing occurs due to the oxidation of the hydroxyl groups by the bleach. The oxidation of the hydroxyl groups is believed to be further emphasised at lower pHs. Indeed, low pH
shifts the chemical equilibrium between hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid in favor of the latter. Hypochlorous acid is a more aggressive bleach, which has been found to further contribute to fabric yellowing and fabric damage. Moreover, it is further believed that the hydroxyl groups of the fabric are more easily oxidised at lower pHs.
It has been found that fabric protection can be achieved using a combination of a borate andJor boric acid and a surfactant as a fabric protective system in bleach-containing compositions. The use of a combination of a borate andlor boric acid and a surfactant in bleach-containing compositions provides further improved fabric yellowing-prevention and/or further improved fabric safety on fabrics bleached therewith, as compared to bleaching compositions comprising other fabric protective systems, e.g., a metaborate alone, or bleaching compositions comprising no fabric protective system. It is believed that the hydroxyl groups of a fabric are protected by the fabric protective system according to the present invention from oxidation by a bleach, especially a hypochlorite bleach, thus, providing fabric safety andlor fabric yellowing-prevention.
Advantageously, the bleaching composition as described herein are suitable for various laundry bleaching applications both when used in diluted conditions;
e.g., as a detergent additive or a fully formulated laundry detergent composition, and when used in neat condition, e.g., as a liquid pretreater (spotter).
A further advantage of the bleaching composiliions according to the present invention is that they are able to perform in a variety of conditions, i.e., in hard and soft water as well as when used neat or diluted.
Yet another advantage of the use of a borate and/or boric acid and a surfactant as a fabric protective system in a bleaching composition as described herein is that said bleaching compositions are suitable for the bleaching of different types of fabrics. More particularly, the compositions of the present invention are suitable for bleaching any type of fabrics including natural fabrics (e.g., fabrics made of cotton, viscose, linen, silk and wool), synthetic fabrics such as those made of polymeric fibers of synthetic origin a;> well as those made of both natural and synthetic fibers. Indeed, the compositions of the present invention may be used on synthetic fibers despite a standing prejudice against the use of hypohalite bleaches, especially hypochiorite bleaches, on synthetic fibers, as evidenced by warning on labels of commercially available hypochiorite bleaches and clothes.
Background art Bleach-containing compositions based on hypochlorite bleach or peroxygen bleach suitable for bleaching fabrics have been described in the art.
EP-A-622 451 discloses compositions comprising hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, a bleach stable perfume and a buffering system whereby the pH of the diluted composition is buffered to a constant value throughout use, comprising carbonate andlor silicate. However, the use of a borate andlor boric acid and a surfactant, as described herein, is not disclosed.
EP-A-0 824 147 discloses liquid bleaching compositions comprising a hypohaiite bleach and a polymer. The composition may further comprise a boron salt as pH
buffering component. However, the use of a borate and/or boric acid and a surfactant, as described herein, is not disclosed.
EP-A-0 781 840 discloses composition comprising hypochlorite and a metaborate as a pH buffering means. However, the use of a combination of a borate andlor boric acid and a surfactant, as described herein, is not disclosed.
Summary of the invention The present invention encompasses the use of a borate andlor boric acid and a surfactant as a fabric protective system in a bleaching composition to treat fabrics, whereby good fabric yellowing-prevention performance andlor good fabric safety is achieved.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl afkoxyiated sulphate surfactants, alkyl alkoxylated sulphonate surfactants, alkyl alko>cyiated carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, fatty acid surfactants, amineoxide surfactants, betaine surfactants and quaternary ammonium surfactants, or a mixture thereof.
Detailed description of the invention The fabric protective system as described herein is used in a bleaching composition. Said fabric protective system may be added to said bleaching composition just prior to the use of said bleaching composition or at the time of manufacture of said bleaching composition.
The bleaching compositions may be formulated either as solids or liquids.
In the case where the bleaching compositions are formulated as solids, for example as granules, tablets or powders, they are preferably applied on the fabrics to be bleached according to the present invention in a liquid form, i.e., solid compositions are used in combination with an appropriate solvent, typically water.
In the case where the bleaching compositions are formulated as liquids including gel and paste form, the bleaching compo:;itions are preferably but not necessarily formulated as aqueous composition;>. Liquid bleaching compositions are preferred herein for convenience of u;>e. Preferred liquid bleaching compositions of the present invention are aqueous and therefore, preferably comprise water in an amount of from 60% to 98%, more preferably of from 80%
to 97% and most preferably 85% to 97% by weight of the total composition.

WO OO/t5744 PCTIUS99/21588 Bleach The fabric protective system of the present invention is used in a composition comprising a bleach. Any bleach known to those skilled in the art may be suitable for use herein. Preferred bleaches include any hypohalite bleach, as well as any peroxygen bleach.
Suitable hypohalite bleaches may be provided by a variety of sources, including bleaches that lead to the formation of positive halide ions and/or hypohalite ions, as well as bleaches that are organic based sources of halides such as chloroisocyanurates.
Suitable hypohalite bleaches for use herein include the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hypochlorites, hypobromites; hypoiodites, chlorinated trisodium phosphate dodecahydrates, potassium and sodium dichioroisocyanurates, potassium and sodium trichiorocyanurates, N-chioroimides, N-chloroamides, N-chloroamines and chlorohydantoins.
For the bleaching compositions herein, the preferred hypohaiite bleaches among those described above are the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypochlorites selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, magnesium, lithium and calcium hypochlorites, and mixtures thereof. Sodium hypochlorite is the most preferred hypohaiite bleach.
Suitable peroxygen bleaches to be used herein are hydrogen peroxide, water soluble sources thereof, or mixtures thereof. A hydrogen peroxide source refers to any compound that produces perhydroxyl ions when said compound is in contact with water.
Suitable water-soluble sources of hydrogen peroxide for use herein include:
percarbonates; persilicates; persulphates, such as monopersulfate; perborates;

peroxyacids, such as diperoxydodecandioic acid (DPDA), magnesium perphtalic acid, periauric acid, perbenzoic and alkyiperbenzoic acids, hydroperoxides, aliphatic and aromatic diacyi peroxides; and mixtures thereof. .Preferred peroxygen bleaches herein are hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxide andlor diacyl peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is the most preferred peroxygen bleach herein.
Suitable hydroperoxides for use herein are t~ert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumyl hydroperoxide, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl-2-hydroperoxide, di-isopropylbenzene-monohydroperoxide, tart-amyl hydroperoxide and 2,5-dimethyl-hexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide.
Suitable aliphatic diacyi peroxides for use herein are dilauroyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, dimyristoyl peroxide, or mixfures thereof. Suitable aromatic diacyi peroxide for use herein is for example dibenzoyf peroxide.
Accordingly, the bleaching compositions according to the present invention may typically comprise from 0.01 % to 20%, preferably from 0.25% to 15%, more preferably from 0.5% to 8% and most preferably 'From 1 % to 6% by weight of the total composition of a bleach.
Borate andlor boric acid The first essential ingredient of the fabric protective system of the present invention for use in a bleaching composition is a borate or boric acid or a mixture thereof.
Suitable borates include alkali metal salts of borates, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable alkali metal salts of borates include alkali metal salts of metaborate, tetraborate, octoborate, pentaborate, dodecaborate, borontrifluoride and alkyl borates containing from 1 to 12, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Preferred alkyl borate includes methyl borate, ethyl borate and propyi borate.
Particularly preferred herein are the alkali metal salts of metaborate, such as sodium metaborate, potassium metaborate, or mixtures thereof.
Borates like sodium metaborate and sodium tetraborate are commercially available from Borax and Societa Chimica Larderello under the name sodium metaborate and Borax.
The bleaching compositions according to the present invention preferably comprise from 0.01 % to 10%, more preferably from 0.1 % to 5%, even more preferably from 0.5% to 3%, and most preferably from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight of the total composition of said borate or boric acid or a mixture thereof.
Surfactant The second essential ingredient of the fabric protective system of the present invention for use in a bleaching composition is a surfactant.
Preferred surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkyl alkoxylated sulphate surfactants, alkyl aikoxylated suiphonate surfactants, alkyl alkoxylated carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, tatty acid surfactants, amineoxide surfactants, betaine surfactants and quaternary ammonium surfactants, or a mixture thereof.
Suitable alkyl alkoxyiated sulphate surfactants for use herein are according to the formula RO{A)mS03M wherein R is an unsubstituted Cg-C2p alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a Cg-C20 alkyl component, preferably a C12-C20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C12-C1 g alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy or butoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between 0.5 and 6, more preferably between 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation. Alkyl r ethoxyiated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxyi<~ted sulfates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-ammonium and quaternary' ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium, dimethyl piperdinium and cations derived from alkanoiamines such as ethylamine, diethyiamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like. Exemplary surfactants are C12-~Clg alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate, C12-ClgE(1.0)M}, C12-Clg alkyl poly~ethoxylate (2.25) sulfate, C12-CIgE(2.25)M), C12-C1g alkyl poiyethoxylate (3.0) sulfate C12-CIgE(3.0), and C12-Clg alkyl poiyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate C12-C~gE(4.0)M, wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
Suitable alkyl aikoxyfated sulphonate surfactants. for use herein are according to the formula R(A)mS03M wherein R is an unsubstituted Cg-C2p alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a Cg-C20 alkyl component, preferably a C12-C20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C12-C1~; alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between 0.5 and 6, more preferably between 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium; magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation. Alkyl ethoxyiated suiphonates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulphonates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations, ;>uch as tetramethyl-ammonium, dimethyl piperdinium and cations derived ifrom aikanoiamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like.
Exemplary surfactants are C12-C1g alkyl polyetlhoxyiate (1.0) sulphonate, C12-CIgE(1.0)M}, C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxyiate (2.25) sulphonate, C12-CIgE(2.25)M), C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxylate (3~.0) sulphonate C12-CIgE(3.0}, and C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxyiate (4.0) sulphortate C12-CIgE(4.0}M), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.

Suitable alkyl alkoxyiated carboxyiate surfactants for use herein are according to the formula RO(A)mC02M wherein R is an unsubstituted Cg-C20 alkyl or hydroxyaikyl group having a Cg-C20 alkyl component, preferably a C12-C20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C12-C1g alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy or butoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between 0.5 and 6, more preferably between 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a ration which can be, for example, a metal ration (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium ration. Alkyl ethoxylated carboxyiates as well as alkyl propoxyiated carboxylates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of substituted ammonium rations include methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-ammonium and quaternary ammonium rations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium, dimethyl piperdinium and rations derived from aikanolamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like. Exemplary surfactants are C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxylate { 1.0) carboxylate, C' 2-C1 gE( 1.0)M), C 12-C1 g alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) carboxyiate, C12-CIgE(2.25)M), C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxyiate {3.0) carboxylate C12-CIgE(3.0), and C12-C1g alkyl polyethoxylate (4:0) carboxyiate C12-CIgE(4.0)M), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
Suitable alkoxylated nonionic surfactants for use herein include capped and non-capped alkoxylated nonionic surfactants. Suitable non-capped aikoxyiated nonionic surfactants are non-capped ethoxylated nonionic surfactants according to the formula RO-(C2H40)nH, wherein R is a C6 to C22, preferably a Cg to C22 alkyl chain or a Cg to C2g alkyl benzene chain, and wherein n is from 0 to 20, preferably from 1 to 15 and, more preferably from 2 to 15 and most preferably from 2 to 12. The preferred R chains for use herein are the Cg to alkyl chains. Propoxylated, butoxylated, ethoxylbutoxyiated, ethoxylpropoxylated, butoxy/propoxyiated and ethoxylbutoxylpropoxylated nonionic surfactants may also be used herein instead of the ethoxylated nonionic surfactants as defined herein above or together with said surfactants.
Accordingly suitable non-capped ethoxylated nonionic surfactants for use herein are DobanolO 91-2.5 (HLB= 8.1; R is a mixture of Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is 2.5), or Lutensoi~ T03 (HLB=8; R is a C13 alkyl chains, n is 3), or Lutensol~
A03 (HLB=8; R is a mixture of C13 and C15 alkyl chains, n is 3), or Tergitol0 25L3 (HLB= 7.7; R is in the range of C12 to C15 alkyl chain length, n is 3), or Dobanol~ 23-3 (HLB=8.1; R is a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl chains, n is 3}, or DobanolC~ 23-2 (HLB=6.2; R is a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl chains, n is 2), or Dobanol~ 45-7 (HLB=11.6; R is a mixture of C14 and C15 alkyl chains, n is 7}
Dobanol~ 23-6.5 (HLB=11.9; R is a mixture of C12 and C13 alkyl chains, n is 6.5), or Dobanol~ 25-7 (HLB=12; R is a mixture' of C12 and C15 alkyl chains, n is 7), or Dobanol~ 91-5 (HLB=11.6; R is a mixture of Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is 5}, or Dobanol~ 91-6 (HLB=12.5 ; R is a mixture of Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is 6), or DobanolC~ 91-8 (HLB=13.7 ; R is a mixture of Cg and C11 alkyl chains, n is 8), DobanolO 91-10 (HLB=14.2 ; R is a mixture of Cg to C11 alkyl chains, n is 10), Dobanol~ 91-12 (HLB=14.5 ; R is a mixture of Cg to C11 alkyl chains, n is 12), or mixtures thereof. Preferred herein are Lutensol~ T03, or Lutensoi~
A03, or Tergitol~ 25L3, or Dobanol~ 23-3, or Dobanol~ 23-6.5, or DobanolO 45-7, Dobanol~ 91-8, or Dobanol~ 91-10, or Dobanoi~ 91-12, or mixtures thereof.
These DobanolO surfactants are commercially available from SHELL. These Lutensol4 surfactants are commercially av~ulable from BASF and these Tergitol~ surfactants are commercially available from UNION CARBIDE.
Suitable capped alkoxylated non-ionic surfactants, having the terminal hydroxyl group capped, are according to the formula : R:(A)n-O-R1 where R and R1 are independently a Cg to C22, preferably a Cg to C22 alkyl chain or a Cg to C2g alkyl benzene chain; A is an ethoxy or propoxy or butoxy unit; and n is from 0 to 20, preferably from 1 to 15 and, more preferably from 2 to 15 and most preferably from 2 to 12.
Suitable chemical' processes for preparing the alkoxyiated nonionic surfactants for use herein include condensation of corresponding aicohois with aikylene oxide, in the desired proportions. Such processes are well-known to the person skilled in the art and have been extensively described in the art.
Suitable fatty acid surfactants to be used herein are according to the formula R-CH2COOM; with R being a linear or branched C1-C30, preferably C12-C16 group; M being H or a metal ion, preferably an alkaline earth ion, more preferably Sodium or Potassium. An exemplary fatty acid surfactant is Prifac4, which is a C12/C14/C1g fatty acid available from Unichema.
Suitable amine oxides to be used herein are according to the following formula R1R2R3N0 wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 is independently a saturated substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched hydrocarbon chains of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Preferred amine oxide surfactants to be used according to the present invention are amine oxides having the following formula : R1 R2R3N0 wherein R1 is an hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 20, more preferably from 8 to 16, most preferably from 8 to 12; and wherein R2 and R3 are independently substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched hydrocarbon chains comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably are methyl groups. R1 may be a saturated substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched hydrocarbon chain. Suitable amine oxides for use herein are for instance natural blend Cg-C1p amine oxides as well as C12-C16 amine oxides commercially available from Hoechst.
A generic formula for betaine surfactants for use herein {i.e., betaine andlor sulfobetaine) is R1-N+~R2){R3)R4X_ wherein R1 is a hydrophobic group; R2 is hydrogen, C1-Cg alkyl, hydroxy alkyl or other substituted C1-Cg alkyl group; R3 is C1-Cg alkyl, hydroxy alkyl or other substituted C1-Cg alkyl group which can also be joined to R2 to form ring structures with the N, or a C1-C6 carboxylic acid group or a C1-Cg sulfonate group; R4 is a moiety joining the cationic nitrogen atom to the hydrophilic group and is typically an alkylene, hydroxy alkjrlene, or polyalkoxy group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and X is the hydrophilic group which is a carboxylate or sulfonate group, preferably sulfonate group.
Preferred hydrophobic groups R1 are aliphatic or aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chains that can contain linking groups such as amido groups, ester groups. More preferred R1 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 7 8, and more preferably from 10 to 16. These simple alH;yl groups are preferred for cost and stability reasons. However, the hydrophobic group R1 can also be an amido radical of the formula : Ra-C{O)-NRb-{C{Rc)2)n~, wherein Ra is an aliphatic or aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain containing from 8 up to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group containing from 8 up to 20 carbon atoms, preferably up to 18, more preferably up to 18; Rb is either a hydrogen a short chain alkyl or substituted alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy substituted ethyl or propyl and mixtures thereof, more preferably methyl or hydrogen; Rc is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxy groups, and m is from 1 to 4, preferably from 2 to 3, more preferably 3, with no more than one hydroxy group in any (C(Rc)2) moiety.
Preferred R2 is hydrogen, or an alkyl or substituted alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy substituted ethyl or propyl and mixtures thereof, more preferably methyl. Preferred Rg is a C1-C4 carboxylic acid group, a C1-C4 suifonate group, or an alkyl or substituted alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy substituted ethyl or propyl and mixtures thereof, more preferably methyl. Preferred R4 is (CH2)n wherein n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6, more preferably is from 1 to 3.
Some common examples of betainelsufphobetaine are described in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 2,082,275, 2,702,279 and 2,255,082, incorporated herein by reference.
Examples of particularly suitable alkyldimethyl betaines include coconut-dimethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, decyl dimethyl betaine, 2-(N-decyl-N, N-dimethyl-ammonia)acetate, 2-(N-coco N, N-dimethylammonio) acetate, myristyf dimethyl betaine, palmityl dimethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl betaine. For example Coconut dimethyl betaine is commercially available from Seppic under the trade name of Amonyi 2fi5~. Lauryl betaine is commercially available from Albright 8~ Wilson under the trade name Empigen BB/L~.
A further example of betaine is Lauryl-immino-dipropionate commercially available from Rhone-Poufenc under the trade name Mirataine H2C-HA ~.

~,.

Examples of particularly suitable suifobetaine surfactants include tallow bis(hydroxyethyi) suiphobetaine, cocoamido propyl hydroxy sulfobetaines which are commercially available from Rhone Poulenc and Witco, under the trade name of Mirataine CBS~ and Rewoteric AM CAS 15~ respectively.
Further examples of amidobetaineslamidosulfobetaine include cocoamidoethylbetaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine or C1 p-C14 fatty acylamidopropylene(hydropropylene}suifobetaine. For example C1p-C14 fatty acyiamidopropylene(hydropropylene)sulfobetaine is commercially available from Sherex Company under the trade name "Varion CAS~ sulfobetaine".
Suitable quaternary ammonium surfactants for use herein are according to the formula : R1 R2R3R4N+ X-, wherein X is a counteranion such as halogen, methyl sulphate, methyl sulphonate, or hydroxide; R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, li~~ear or branched alley! group containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 20, more preferably from 8 to 20; and R2, R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, or saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 and more preferably methyl. In highly preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants herein R1 is a C1p-C1g hydrocarbon chain, most preferably C12, C14,,,or Clg; and R2, R3 and R4 are ail three methyl, and X is halogen, preferably bromide or chloride, most preferably bromide.
Examples of quaternary ammonium surfactants are myristyl trimethylammonium methyl sulphate, cetyl trimethylammonium methyl sulphate, lauryi trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (STAB), cetyt trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (MTAB).

Highly preferred herein are lauryl trimethyl ammonium salts. Such trimethyl quaternary ammonium surfactants may be commercially available from Hoechst, or from Albright & Wilson under the trade name Empigen CM~.
The bleaching compositions according to the present invention preferably comprise from 0.01 % to 50%, more preferably from 0.03% to 40%, even more preferably from 0.07% to 20%, and most preferably from 0.1 % to 10% by weight of the total composition of said surfactant.
Cotton fabrics contain cellulose (i.e., (CgH1005)n)- When a bleach-containing composition, e.g., a hypochlorite-containing composition, is used to bleach a cotton fabric, the bleach may react with the hydroxyl substituents of cellulose in position 6, 2, 3 and 5 of the cellulosic ring and thus may introduce new functional groups like carbonyfic, aldehydic and/or carboxylic groups.
Synthetic fabrics may be made of various synthetic materials like polyamide-elasthane that also comprise hydroxyl groups capable of being oxidized by bleach.
It has now been found that a borate and/or boric acid and a surfactant as described herein act together as a fabric protective agent for use in a bleaching composition. Compared to a bleach-containing composition comprising a fabric protective system other than that described by the present invention or no fabric protective system at all, the fabric yellowing-prevention performance and/or the fabric safety performance is further improved.
Whilst not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the fabric protective system consisting of a borate andlor boric acid and a surfactant as described herein, for use in a bleaching composition is capable of protecting, i.e., esterifying and/or complexing, the hydroxyl groups present on the fibers of a treated fabric. Otherwise, said hydroxyl groups would be subject to oxidation by the bleach, e.g., hypochlorite bleach, which leads to fabric yellowing andlor fabric damages.
The fabric yellowing-prevention and/or fabric safety performance beneft can be achieved when using the fabric protective systf;m of the present invention in a liquid bleaching composition which is applied in a neat form, e.g., as a pretreater, as well as in a solid or liquid bleaching composition which is applied in a diluted form, e.g., typical dilution with wafer in conventional washing conditions.
indeed, the yellowing-prevention effect and/or safety effect of the present invention can be evaluated by comparing the' composition according to the present invention to a bleach-containing composition comprising a fabric protective system other than that claimed by the present invention.
By "further improved fabric yellowing-prevention", it is meant herein that the yellowing of fabrics, i.e., the appearance of a yellowish tone of said fabrics, that occurs by using the bleach-containing compo:;itions of the present invention (e.g., those containing a hypohaiite bleach, e.g., hypochlorite) is reduced, compared to the yellowing that occurs by using a bleach-containing composition comprising a fabric protective system other than that described by the present invention.
The degree of yellowing can be determined by both visual and instrumental grading. Visually, the difference in yellowing betrNeen items treated with different compositions can be determined by a team of expert panelists. Instrumentally, the assessment can be determined with the help of Colorimeters such as Ganz Griesser~ instruments (e.g., Datacoior~ SpectrafiashC~ SF 500, Machbet White-eye~ 500) or a ZEISS ELREPHO~ or others which are available for instance from Hunterlab~ or Gardnert~.

By "further improved fabric safety", it is meant herein that the damage caused on fabric by using the bleach-containing compositions of the present invention (e.g., those containing a hypohalite bleach, e.g., hypochlorite) is reduced, compared to the damage caused by using a bleach-containing composition comprising a fabric protective system other than that described by the present invention.
Fabric safety may be evaluated by different test methods including the degree of polymerisation test method according to UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione} official method UNI 8282-Determinazione delta viscosity intrinseca in soluzione di cuprietilendiammina (CED).
The fabric protective system as described herein may be used in liquid bleaching compositions, having a pH of from 0 to 14. The borate may also act as a pH buffering means.
(n a preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein the bleaching composition herein is a composition comprising an alkali metal hypochlorite as the bleach, the boron salt provides a prolonged through-the-bleach buffering action, i.e., maintains the pH of the bleaching solution at a pH at least 8, preferably at least 8.5, more preferably at least 9.5 for a longer period of time, throughout the treatment, e.g., at a dilution level of 200:1 (water:composition), as compared to the buffering action obtained with the same composition without said boron salt.
It has been found that the buffering action of the boron salt also affects the hypochloritel hypochlorous acid such that the shift of hypochlorite into hypochlorous acid is reduced. It is believed that by controlling this equilibrium, fabric damage and/or fabric yellowing can be reduced.

i ~' In an embodiment, wherein the bleaching compositions herein are liquid and comprise a hypohalite bleach, typically an alkali metal hypochlorite, the recommended pH range of the ,bleaching composition is from 8 to 14, preferably from 8.5 to 14, more preferably from 9 to 13.5, and even more preferably from 9.5 to 13.5. It is in this alkaline pH range that the optimum stability and performance of the hypohalite bleach, e.g., hypo~chlorite, is obtained.
if appropriate, the compositions of the present invention may comprise an alkalinity source to adjust the pH of said composition. The bleaching compositions herein may comprise up to 10%, preferably of from 0.04% to 5%
and more preferably of from 0.1 % to 2% by wE:ight of the total composition of said alkalinity source.
Suitable alkalinity sources for use herein are they caustic alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide andlor lithium hydroxide, andlor the alkali metal oxides such, as sodium andlor potassium oxide or mixtures thereof. A preferred alkalinity source is a caustic alkali, more preferably sodium hydroxide andlor potassium hydroxide.
Other suitable alkalinity sources include ammonia, ammonium carbonate and hydrogen carbonate.
In an embodiment, wherein the bleaching compositions herein are liquid and comprise a peroxygen bleach, the recommended pH range of the bleaching composition to achieve good stability is from 1 to 9, preferably between pH 1 and 8, more preferably between pH 1 and 7 and most preferably between pH 1 and 6.

WO 00!15744 PCT/US99/2I588 If appropriate, the bleaching compositions herein may further comprise an acid to adjust the pH of said composition. The bleaching compositions of the present invention may comprise up to 10%, preferably of from 0.04% to 5% and more preferably of from 0.1 % to 2% by weight of the total composition of said acid.
Suitable acids for use herein may be organic acids, inorganic acids, or mixtures thereof. Preferred organic acids are citric, malefic, oxalic succinic, tartaric acids or mixtures thereof. A preferred inorganic acid is sulphuric acid.
Optional pH bufferinct components The bleaching compositions according to the present invention may further comprise as an optional, but preferred ingredient, a pH buffering component in addition to the pH buffering action that the borate may have. Particularly useful are alkali metal salts of carbonates, polycarbonates, sesquicarbonates, silicates, polysilicates, phosphonates, stannates, alluminates or mixtures thereof. The preferred alkali metal salts to be used herein are sodium and potassium salts.
Particularly preferred are alkali metal salts of carbonate. The preferred alkali metal salt of carbonate is sodium carbonate.
The bleaching compositions of the present invention may comprise up to 5%, preferably from 0.01 % to 4% and more preferably from 0.02% to 3% by weight of the total composition of a pH buffering component.
Other optional ingredients The bleaching compositions according to the present invention may further comprise other optional ingredients, such as bleach-stable surfactants, pigments, enzymes, dyes, optical brighteners, solvents, polymers, stabilizing agents, chelating agents, radical scavengers, bleach activators, hydrotropes and the like.

I ill Bleach activators !n an embodiment of the present invention where the bleaching compositions herein comprise a peroxygen bleach, said compositions may comprise a bleach activator up to a level of 10% by weight of the total composition. Suitable bleach activators to be used herein include those belonging to the class of esters, amides, imides, or anhydrides. Examples of suitable compounds of this type are disclosed in British Patent GB 1 586 769 and GB 2 143 231 and a method for their formation into a prilled form is described in European Published Patent Application EP-A-62 523. Suitable examples of such compounds to be used herein are tetracetyl ethylene diamine (TAED), sodium 3,5,5 trimethyl hexanoyloxybenzene suiphonate; diperoxy dodlecanoic acid as described for instance in US 4 818 425 and nonylamide of peroxyadipic acid as described for instance in US 4 259 201 and n-nonanoyloxybe~nzenesulphonate (NOBS). Also suitable are N-acyl caprolactams selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted benzoyi caprol;actam, octanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, hexanoyl caprolacilam, decanoyi caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, focmyl caprolactam, acetyl caprolactam, propanoyl caproiactam, butanoyi caprolactam pentanoyi ca~prolactam or mixtures thereof.
A
particular family of bleach activators of interest was disclosed in EP 624 154, and particularly preferred in that family is aceiyi methyl citrate (ATC).
Acetyl triethyl citrate has the advantage that it is environmental friendly as it eventually degrades into citric acid and alcohol. Furthermore, acetyl triethyi citrate has a good hydrolytical stability in the product upon storage and it is an efficient bleach activator.
Stabilizing agents The bleaching compositions of the present invention may further comprise a stabilizing agent, preferably a radical scavenger, a chelating agent or a mixture thereof. Naturally, for the purpose of the invention, the stabilizing agents have to be stable to the hypohalite bleach. In an embodiment wherein the bleaching compositions according to the present invention comprise a hypohalite bleach said stabilizing agents are highly preferred.
Highly preferred stabilizing agents are radical scavengers atone, or in combination with a chelating agent.
Suitable radical scavengers for use herein include aromatic radical scavengers comprising an unsaturated ring system of from 3 to 20, preferably of from 3 to and more preferably of from 5 to 14 carbon atoms and having a double bond set comprising a total of 4n+2 electrons, wherein n is an integer of from 0 to 4, preferably of from 1 to 3. Indeed said aromatic radical scavengers include benzene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, annulene derivatives, cyciopentadiene derivatives, cyclopropene derivatives and the like, especially aryl carboxylates and/or aryl sulfonates.
Particularly suitable radical scavengers (aryl carboxylates, aryl sulphonate and derivatives thereof) for use in the present invention have one of the following formulas:

(a) Y
X
Z ~ ' C:00- M+
(b) Y
X
Z ~ ~ ~ ~>03- M+
c) X C~Z_M+
Y~ J
Z
d) X S~3_M+
Y-t~-% ) Z
wherein each X, Y, and Z are -M, -COO-M+, -CI, -Br, -SOg-M+, -N02, -OCH3, or a C~ to Cep primary and secondary alkyl groups and M is H or an alkali metal, or mixtures thereof. Examples of these components include pyromellitic acid, i.e.
where X, Y and Z are -COO-H+; hemimeilitic acid, trimellitic acid, i.e. where X
and Y are -COO-H+ and Z is H. Preferred to be used in the present invention as radical scavengers are phthalic acid; sulfophthalic acid; other mono-substituted phthalic acids; di-substituted benzoic acids; alkyl-, chloro-, bromo-, sulfo-, nitro-and alkoxy- benzoic acids, i.e. where Y and Z are -H and X is a C~ to C~0 primary and secondary alkyl groups, -CI, -Br, -SOg-H+, -N02 or -OCH3 (anisic acid) respectively and substituted sulfonic acids. Highly preferred examples of the radical scavengers useful in the present invention are benzoic acid, toiuic acid, 4-toluene sulfonic acid, 3-nitro benzoic acid, 2 n-octyl benzoic acid, 2 n-octyl sulfonic acid, anisic acid or mixtures thereof. Most preferred herein are n-anisic acid, benzoic acid, methoxy benzoic acid andlor 3-nitrobenzoic acid.
The radical scavengers described above are the acidic form of these species, i.e., M is H. it is intended that the present invention also covers the salt derivatives of these species, i.e., M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium or potassium. Ln fact, where the pH of the bleaching compositions of the present invention is in the alkaline range, the radical scavengers of the present invention exist primarily as the ionized salt in the aqueous composition herein. The anhydrous derivatives of certain species described herein above can also be f~

WO 00/15744 PCTlUS99121588 used in the present invention, e.g., pyromellitic dianhydride, phthalic anhydride, suiphthalic anhydride and the like.
Suitable cheiating agents for use herein may be any of those known to those skilled in the art such as the ones selectf:d from the group comprising phosphonate chelating agents, phosphate chelating agents, poiyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents, ethylenediamine N,N'- disuccinic acids, or mixtures fhereof.
Suitable phosphonate chelating agents to be used herein may include alkali metal ethane 1-hydroxy diphosphonates (HEDP), alkylene poly (alkylene phosphonate), as well as amino phosphonate compounds, including amino aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates (NTP), ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosplhonates, and diethylene triamine yenta methylene phosphonates (DTPMP). Then phosphonate compounds may be present either in their acid form or as salts of different cations on some or all of their acid functionaiities. Preferred phosphonate chelating agents to be used herein are diethylene triamine yenta methylene phosphonate (DTPMP) and ethane 1-hydroxy diphosphonate (HEDP). Suclh phosphonate chelating agents are commercially available from Monsanto under the trade name DEQUEST~~
Suitable phosphate chelating agents are as follows: Phosphonic acid can be condensed in the reaction II II Il II
HO-P-OH + OH-P-OH ----= HO-P-O-P-HO+2H20 I I I I
OH OH HO HO

The reaction can be repeated with any of the reactive OH groups, and phosphate ingredients are obtained which can be - linear or branched polyphosphates of structure O O
MO P O P OM
n MO OR
-when R is M or O
il O P OM
m OR
- when M is a counterion, preferably alkali metal;
- when 0 <_ n+m < 500 (if n+m = 0 then the compound is phosphonic acid) - cyclic polyphosphates (also referred to as metaphosphates), of structure O O
P O p O
n OM OR
-when R is M or O
O P OM
m OR
-if R is O P OM
m OR
the phosphate compound contains both cycles and branched chain, and can be referred to as an ultraphosphate.) - where M is a counte~ion, preferably an alkali metal - where 0 <_ n+m < 500 All such phosphate ingredients are suitable for use herein, and preferred are linear phosphate ingredients (i.e., R is M) where n is 1 (pyrophosphate) and n is 2 {tripolyphosphate {STPP)), most preferably where n is 2. The most commonly available form of this phosphate is where M is Sodium.
Phytic acid, which is a chefating agent particularly suitable for use herein, is a hexa-phosphoric acid that occurs naturally in the seeds of many cereal grains, generally in the form of the insoluble calcium-magnesium salt. It may also be derived from corn steep liquor. Commercial grade phytic acid is commercially available from J.T.Baker Co., e.g., as a 40% aqueous solution. It is intended that the present invention covers the acidic form of phytic acid as well as alkali metal salt derivatives thereof, particularly sodium or potassium salts thereof.
Sodium phytate is available from Jonas Chemical Co (Brooklyn, N.Y.). In fact since the typical pH of the compositions of the present invention are in the alkaline pH
range, the phytic acid component exists primarily as the ionized salt in the liquid compositions herein even if it is added in its acidic form. Mixtures of such salts of phytic acid are also covered.
Polyfunctionaily-substituted aromatic chelating agents may also be useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor et al. Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulfobenzene.
A preferred biodegradable chelating agent for use herein is ethylene diamine N,N'- disuccinic acid, or alkali metal, or alkaline earth, ammonium or substitutes ammonium salts thereof or mixtures thereof. Ethylenediamine N,N'- disuccinic acids, especially the {S,S) isomer have been extensively described in US
patent 4, 704, 233, November 3, 1987, to Hartman and Perkins. Ethylenediamine N, N'-disuccinic acids is, for instance, commercially available under the tradename ssEDDS~ from Palmer Research Laboratories.

i' Particularly preferred chelating agents for use herein are phosphate chelating agents like sodium tripoiyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, phytic acid, and mixtures thereof.
Typically, the bleaching compositions according to the present invention may comprise from 0.01 % to 10%, preferably from 0.01 % to 8% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 % to 5%, and most preferably from 0.2% to 3% by weight of the total composition of a stabilising agent.
Optional surfactants The bleaching compositions of the present invention may further comprise another surfactant in addition to the surfactants which are part of the fabric protective system. Said surfactant may be present in the bleaching compositions according to the present invention in amounts up to 30%, preferably of from 0.1 % to 20% and more preferably of from 0.1 % to 10% by weight of the total composition.
Surtactants for use herein include other anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Naturally, for the purpose of the invention, the additional surfactants have to be stable to the used bleach.
Optional polymers An optional component of the bleaching cornpositions herein is a polymer.
Naturally, for the purpose of the invention, the polymer has to be stable in the presence of the used bleach.
Suitable polymers for use are polymers comprising monomeric units selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carbexyfic acids, poiycarboxylic acids, sulphonic acids, phosphonic acids and mixtures thereof. Co-polymerisation of the above monomeric units among them or with other co-monomers such as styrenesuifonic acid is also suitable Preferred examples of such polymers are the polymers and co-polymers of monomeric units selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, malefic acid, vinylsulphonic acid and mixtures thereof. Also suitable for use herein are the above mentioned polymers and co-polymers which are modified in order to contain other functional groups such as aminophosphonic andlor phosphonic units. More preferred polymers are selected from the group consisting of pofyacrylate polymers, co-polymers of acrylic and malefic acid, co-polymers of styrene suiphonic acid and malefic acid, and mixtures thereof, preferably modified with aminophosphonic andlor phosphonic groups.
The molecular weight for these polymers and co-polymers is preferably below 100,000, most preferably between 500 and 50,000. In an embodiment of the present invention where the bleaching compositions herein comprise a hypochlorite bleach, the most suitable polymers and co-polymers for use herein will be soluble in an amount up to 0.1% by weight, in an aqueous composition comprising 5% by weight of sodium hypochlorite with its pH adjusted to 13 with sodium hydroxide.
Commercially available polymers, suitable for use herein, are the polyacrylate polymers sold under the tradename Good-Rite~ from BF Goodrich, Acrysoi~
from Rohm 8~ Haas, Sokalan~ from BASF, Norasoi~ from Norso Haas. Also suitable for use herein are the co-polymers of styrene sulphonic acid and malefic acid, commercially available under the tradename Versaflex~ from National Starch such as Versafiex 157, as well as Acumer~ terpoiymers from Rohm and Haas, in particular Acumer~ 37 00. Preferred commercially available polymers are the polyacrylate polymers, especially the Norasol~ polyacrylate polymers and more preferred are the polyacryiate poiymerr Norasol~ 410N (MW 10,000) and the polyacryfate polymer modified with phoaphonic groups Norasoi~ 440N
(MW 4000} and its corresponding acid form Norasol~ QR 784 (MW 4000).
A preferred polymer for use herein is a poly<acrylate polymer modified with phosphonic groups commercially available under the tradename Norasol~ 440N
(MW 4000) and its corresponding acid form Nonasol~ QR 784 {MW 4000) from Norso-Haas.
Mixtures of the polymers described herein may also be used in the present invention.
Polymers herein are preferably present in low announts, i.e., in amounts of up to 10% by weight, preferably up to 1 %, more prefE~rably from 0.001 % to 0.5% by weight, most preferably from 0.005% to 0.2% by weight of the liquid composition.
Optional briQhteners _ The bleaching compositions according to the: present invention may also comprise a brightener or a mixture thereof as an optional ingredient.
Naturally, for the purpose of the invention, the brightener has to be stable in the presence of the bleach used. The brighteners may be deaired herein to further enhance the whiteness performance of the bleaching compositions herein:
Brighteners are compounds which have the ability to fluoresce by absorbing ultraviolet wave-lengths of light and re-emitting visible light. Brighteners, also referred to as fluorescent whitening agent (f=WA), have been extensively described in the art, see for instance EP-A-0 26°.i 041, EP-A-0 322 564, EP-A-0 317 979 or "Fluorescent whitening agents" by A.K. Sarkar, published by MERROW, especially page 71-72.

Commercial optical brighteners which may be useful in the present invention can be classified into subgroups, which include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of stilbene, pyrazoiine, coumarin, carboxylic acid, methinecyanines, dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, azoies, 5- and 6-membered-ring heterocycles, and other miscellaneous agents. Examples of such brighteners are disclosed in "The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents", M.
Zahradnik, Published by John Wiley & Sons, New York (1982). Further optical brighteners which may also be used in the present invention include naphthlimide, benzoxazoie, benzofuran, benzimidazoie and any mixtures thereof.
Examples of optical brighteners which are useful in the present bleaching compositions are those identified in U.S. Patent 4,790,856: These brighteners include the PHORWHITE~ series of brighteners from Verona. Other brighteners disclosed in this reference include: Tinopal-UNPACK, Tinopai CBS~ and Tinopal SBMO available from Ciba-Geigy; Artic White CC~ and Artic White CWD~; the 2-(4-styryl-phenyl)-2H-naptho[1,2-dJtriazoles; 4,4'-bis(1,2,3-triazol-2-yi)-stiibenes; 4,4'-bis(styryl)bisphenyls; and the aminocoumarins.
Specific examples of brighteners useful herein include 4-methyl-7-diethyl-amino coumarin; 1,2-bis{-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethyiene; 1,3-diphenyl-pyrazolines; 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl}thiophene; 2-styryi-naptho-(1,2-d]oxazole; 2-(stilbene-4-yl)-2H-naphtho[1,2-d]triazoie, 3-phenyl-7-(isoindoiinyl) coumarin; 3-methyl-7-{isoindolinyl) coumarin; 3-chloro-7-(isoindolinyl) coumarin; 4-(isoindoiinyl}-4'-methylstilbene; 4-(isoindolinyl)-4'-methoxystilbene; sodium 4-(isoindolinyl)-4'-stilbenesulfonate; 4-(isoindolinyl}-4'-phenylstilbene; 4-(isoindolinyl)-3-methoxy-4'-methylstilbene; 4-(2-chloroisoindoiinyl}-4'-{2-methylisoindoiinyi)-2,2'-stilbenedisosulfonic acid; disodium 4,4'-diisoindolinyl-2,2'-stiibene disulfonate;
4;4'-diisoindolinyl-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonamide; disodium 4,4'-(7,8-dichloro-1-WO 00/15744 PCT/l.tS99121588 isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisuifonate; disodium 4,4'-(7-chloro-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisulfonate; disodium 4,4'-(6-Isopropoxy-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisuffonate; disodium 4,4'-(7,8-diisopropyl-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisulfonate; disodium 4,4'=(7-butoxy-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisuffonate; disodium 4,4'-(6-trifluoromethyl-1-isoindolinyl}2,2-stilbenedisulfonate; disodium 4,4'-[6-(1,4,7-trioxanonyl}-1-isoindolinyl)j2,2-stilbenedisulfonate; disodium 4,4'-(7-methoxymethyl-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisuffonate; disodium 4,4'-(6-phenyl-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisulfonate; disodium 4.,4'-(6-naphthyl-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisuifonate; disodium 4,4'-(6-:methylsulfonyl-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisuifonate; disodium 4,4'-(7-cyano-1-isoindolinyl)2,2-stilbenedisuifonate;
and disodium 4,4'-[7-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1-isoindolinyl))2,2-stilbenedisuifonate; disodium 4-isoindolinyl-4'-ethoxy-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate;
disodium 4-isoindolinyl-4'-methoxy-2,2'-stilbenedisuifonate; disodium 4-isoindofinyi-4'-ethoxy-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonamide;; disodium 4-isoindoiinyi-4'-methyi-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonamide; 4,4'-bis(4-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-2,2'-stiibenedisulfonic acid and mixture thereof. Se:e also U.S. Patent 3,646,015, U.S. Patent 3,346,502 and U.S. Patent 3,3513,153 for further examples of brighteners useful herein.
Indeed one of the functionally equivalent derivative salts of 4,4'-bis(4-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid, namely its sodium salt is available from Mobay Chemical Corporation, a subsidiary of Bayer AG under the name Phorvvite~ CAN. The amine salt is available from Molay under the name Phorwite~ CL solution. The potassium salt is available under the name Phorwite~ BHC 766.
Other specific examples of optical brighteners u;>eful in the present invention are those having the structural formula:

H H
C C O N ~O
R2 S03M S~3M R~
wherein R~ is selected from anilino, N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl and NH-2-hydroxyethyl; R2 is selected from N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl, N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino, morphilino, chloro and amino; and M is a salt-forming cation such as sodium or potassium.
When in the above formula, R~ is anilino, R2 is N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl and M is a cation such as sodium, the brightener is 4,4',-bis[(4-aniiino-6-(N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid and disodium salt. This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal-UNPA-GX by Ciba-Geigy Corporation. Tinopal-UNPA-GX is the preferred hydrophilic optical brightener useful in the detergent compositions herein. -When in the above formula, R~ is anilino, R2 is N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-2-methylamino and M is a cation such as sodium, the brightener is 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-{N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt. This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal 5BM-GX by Ciba-Geigy Corporation.
When in the above formula, R' is anilino, R2 is morphilino and M is a cation such as sodium, the brightener is 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-morphifino-s-triazine-yl)amino]2,2'-stiibenedisulfonic acid, sodium salt. This particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal AMS-GX by Ciba Geigy Corporation.
Other substituted stilbene 2,2'-disulfonic acid derivatives also include 4-4'-bis (2-2' styryl sulfonate) biphenyl, commercially available from Ciba-Geigy under the trade name Brightener 49~ or other hydrophilic brighteners Like for example Brightener 3~ or Brightener 470, also commerci,aily available from Ciba-Geigy.
Further specific examples of brighteners useful in the present invention include the polycyciic oxazole derivatives such as benzo-oxazoie derivatives, or mixtures thereof and particularly preferred herein the benzo-oxazole derivatives.
An example of such a brightener is benzoxazole;2,2'-(thiophenaldyl)bis having the following formula C18H10N2O2S, commercially available from Ciba-Geigy under the trade name Tinopal SOP~. This brightener is almost insoluble in water, i.e. it has a solubility being lower than 1 gram per liter. Another example of such a brightener is bis(sulfobenzofuranyl)biiphenyl, commercially available from Ciba-Geigy under the trade name Tinopal PLC~.
Typically the bleaching compositions according to the present invention may comprise up to 1.0% by weight of the total composition of a brightener or a mixture thereof, preferably from 0.005% to 0.5°/<>, more preferably from 0.005%
to 0.3% and most preferably from 0.008% to 0.1 °,io.
Process of bleaching fabrics:
In the present invention, the bleaching composition of the present invention is used by applying the composition to the fabric to be treated. The compositions according to the present invention are preferably used in liquid form.
By "in liquid fom'3" it is meant that liquid compositions can be used per se in neat or in diluted form, and solid compositions, for example granules, tablets or powders, are dissolved in an appropriate solvent, typically water, before use, i.e., before being contacted to said fabrics.
By "in diluted form", it is meant herein that the compositions for the bleaching of fabrics according to the present invention may be diluted with a solvent by the user, the preferred solvent is water. Such dilution may occur for instance in hand laundry applications as well as by other means such as in a washing machine.
Said compositions can be used at a dilution level of up to 500:1 (soivent:composition), preferably from 5:1 to 200:1 and more preferably from 10:1 to 80:1 {solvent:composition).
Fabrics to be treated herein include, but are not limited to, clothes, curtains, drapes, bed linens, bath linens, table cloths, sleeping bags, tents, upholstered furniture and the like, andlor carpets.
By "treating a fabric", it is meant herein bleaching andlor disinfecting said fabric as the compositions of the present invention comprise a bleach.
In the process of treating (e.g., bleaching) a fabric, a bleaching composition according to the present invention is contacted with the fabrics to be treated.
This can be done either in a so-called "pretreatment mode", where a liquid bleaching composition, as defined herein, is applied neat onto said fabrics before the fabrics are rinsed, or washed then rinsed, or in a "soaking mode"
where a bleaching composition, as defined herein, is first diluted in an aqueous bath and the fabrics are immersed and soaked in the bath, before they are rinsed, or in a "through the wash mode", where a bleaching composition, as defined herein, is added on top of a wash liquor formed by dissolution or dispersion of a typical laundry detergent. !t is also essential in both cases, that i 1...

the fabrics be rinsed after they have been contacted with said composition, before said composition has completely dried off.
The compositions according to the present invention are preferably used on fabrics in a liquid form. More specifcaily, the process of bleaching fabrics according to the present invention comprises t;he steps of first contacting said fabrics with a bleaching composition according to the present invention, in its diluted form, then allowing said fabrics to remain in contact with said composition, for a period of time suffcient to bleach said fabrics, typically 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 5 to 30 minutes, then rinsing said fabrics with water. If said fabrics are to be washed, i.e., with a conventions! composition comprising at least one surface active agent, said washing nnay be conducted by contacting said fabrics at the same time with a bleaching composition according to the present invention and said detergent composition, or said washing may be conducted before or after said fabrics have bE~en bleached. Accordingly, said process allows the bleaching of fabrics and optionally the washing of fabrics with a detergent composition comprising at least one; surface active agent before the step of contacting said fabrics with said bleaching composition and/or in the step where said fabrics are contacted with said bleaching composition and/or after the step where said fabrics are contacted with the bleaching composition and before the rinsing step and/or after the rinsing step.
In another embodiment of the present invention the process of bleaching fabrics comprises the step of contacting fabrics with a liquid bleaching composition according to the present invention; in its neat form, of allowing said fabrics to remain in contact with said bleaching composition for a period of time sufficient to bleach said fabrics, typically 5 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably 1 minute to 70 minutes and then rinsing said fabrics with water. If said fabrics are to be washed, i.e., with a conventional composition comprising at least one surface active agent, said washing may be conducted before or after that said fabrics have been bleached. In an embodiment of the present invention wherein the liquid bleaching composition of the present invention, is contacted to the fabrics in its neat form, it is preferred that the level of hypohaiite bleach, is from 0.01 to 5%, preferably from 0.1 % to 3.5%, more preferably from 0.2% to 2% and most preferably from 0.2% to 1 %. Advantageously, the present invention provides liquid hypohalite bleach-containing compositions that may be applied neat onto a fabric to bleach, despite a standing prejudice against using hypochlorite-containing compositions neat on fabrics.
It is preferred to perform the bleaching process herein before said fabrics are washed. indeed, it has been observed that bleaching said fabrics with the compositions according to the present invention (diluted andlor neat bleaching processes) prior to washing them with a detergent composition provides superi~ar whiteness and stain removal with less energy and detergent than if said fabrics are washed first, then bleached.
Alternatively instead of following the neat bleaching process as described above (pretreatment application) with a rinsing step and/or a conventional washing step with a liquid or powder conventional detergent, the bleaching pre-treatment operation may also be followed by the diluted bleaching process as described above either in bucket (hand operation) or in a washing machine.

Examples The following bleaching compositions which further illustrate the present invention were made by mixing the listed ingredients in the listed proportions:
Compositions I II III I'~V V VI VII
(weight %) Sodium hypochlorite5.0 5.0 5.0 :?.5 2.5 5.0 5.0 Sodium hydroxide 1.3 1.3 1.3 ().7 1.4 0.7 1:4 Sodium carbonate 1.2 1.2 1.2 'I.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 Sodium silicate -- -- -- -- -- 0.2 Sodium metaborate1.0 -- 0.75 'I.0 0.750.5 --Sodium tetraborate-- -- 1.0 -- -- -- --Sodium borate -- 1.0 -- -- -- -- 1.0 C12E3S 1.0 3.0 5.0 -- 10.02.0 --C10E2S _- -- - 5.0 __ -_ 2.0 Minors and water 100%--------------------------------------------balance up to Compositions Vlll IX X ~;I XII XIII XIV
(weight %) Sodium hypochlorite5.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 2.5 5.0 5.0 Sodium hydroxide 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.7 1:4 0.7 1.4 Sodium carbonate 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 Sodium silicate -- -- -- --~ -- 0.2 --Sodium metaborate1.0 -- 0.75 1.0 0.75 0.5 --Sodium tetraborate-- -- 1.0 -- -- -- --Sodium borate -- 1.0 -- - - -- 1.0 Plurafac LF231 1.0 -- 2.0 1,0 -- 5.0 --~

C 12114E7C -- 1.0 -- -- 0.5 -- 0.5 Minors and water -------------------balance up to 100%------------------C12E3S is an alkyl C12 (ethoxy)3 sulphate commercially available from Albright & Wilson or Rhone Poulenc.
C10E2S is an alkyl C10 (ethoxy)2 sulphate commercially available from Albright Wilson.
Plurafac LF231~ is a capped alkoxylated non-ionic surfactant commercially available from BASF.
C12114E7C is an alkyl ethoxy carboxyiate commercially available from Clariant.
All the above bleaching compositions provide excellent fabric safety andlor excellent fabric yellowing-prevention to fabrics when used to treat fabrics.

Claims (11)

What is claimed is:

1. The use of a borate or boric acid or a mixture thereof and a surfactant as a fabric protective system in a bleaching composition to treat fabrics whereby good fabric yellowing-prevention performance and/or good fabric safety is achieved.

2. The use according to claim 1 wherein the bleach of said bleaching composition is a hypohalite bleach or a peroxygen bleach.

3. The use according to any of the preceding claims wherein the bleach is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal hypochlorite.

4. The use according to any of the preceding claims wherein the bleach is hydrogen peroxide and/or a water soluble source of hydrogen peroxide.

5. The use according to any of the preceding claims wherein said bleach is present at a level of from 0.01 % to 20% by weight of the total composition.

6. The use according to any of the preceding claims wherein said borate is an alkali metal salt of borate, or an alkyl borate, or a mixture thereof.

7. The use according to claim 1 wherein said borate or boric acid or a mixture thereof is present at a level of from 0.01% to 10% by weight of the total composition.

8. The use according to any of the preceding claims wherein said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl alkoxylated sulphate surfactants, alkyl alkoxylated sulphonate surfactants, alkyl alkoxylated carboxylate surfactants, alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, fatty acid surfactants, amineoxide surfactants, betaine surfactants and quaternary ammonium salt surfactants, or a mixture thereof.

9. The use according to any of the preceding claims wherein said surtactant is present at a level of from 0.01 % to 50% by weight of the total composition of said surfactant.

10. The use according to any of the preceding claims wherein said bleaching composition is liquid.

11. The use according to any of the preceding claims wherein said fabrics are clothes, curtains, drapes, bed linens, bath linens, table cloths, sleeping bags, tents, upholstered furniture and the like and/or carpets.