CA2337719A1 - Locking pin system - Google Patents
Locking pin system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2337719A1 CA2337719A1 CA 2337719 CA2337719A CA2337719A1 CA 2337719 A1 CA2337719 A1 CA 2337719A1 CA 2337719 CA2337719 CA 2337719 CA 2337719 A CA2337719 A CA 2337719A CA 2337719 A1 CA2337719 A1 CA 2337719A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pin
- sleeve
- inner sleeve
- shoulder
- segment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a locking pin system useful in preventing transverse movement of two adjacent objects with respect to one another. In one embodiment the invention relates to a locking pin system for securing the frame of a slide-out room in a recreational vehicle in both an extended and un-extended position relative to the frame of the recreational vehicle.
Description
LOCKING PIN SYSTEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a locking pin system useful in preventing transverse movement of two adjacent objects with respect to one another. In one embodiment the invention relates to a locking pin system for locking the frame of a slide-out room in a recreational vehicle in both an extended and un-extended position relative to the frame of the recreational vehicle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the luxury motor home and recreational vehicle (RV) industry, there has been an increasing demand for motor homes or RV's having increased floor space and functions. In particular, luxury motor homes have seen the development of extendable or slide-out rooms which enable the vehicle to comply with highway size restrictions when driving but can be extended from the vehicle when parked in order to provide an increased amount of floor space to the occupants.
The creation of extendable or slide-out rooms presents unique problems in the design of the frame of the vehicle and the design of the slide-out room in order to provide appropriate structural integrity to the vehicle frame. Such structural integrity is particularly required when the vehicle is in motion in order to ensure that the slide-out room remains properly locked in the closed position and does not inadvertently open. That is, there has been a need for a locking system which ensures that the slide-out room becomes a structural element of the vehicle frame which prevents movement of the slide-out room in three axes.
A review of the prior art indicates that various pin locking systems have been developed in the past. For example, United States Patent 4,681,495 discloses a system for the permanent fastening of two parts together with a special screw; United States Patent 4,859,110 discloses a device for coupling a shaft to its receptacle; United States Patent 5,141,355 discloses a system having a locking collar which does not require a torsional force to engage the lock; and, United States Patent 4,843,792 discloses a socket support and interlock for staging panels. However, none of these systems disclose a locking pin system having a telescoping pin and sleeve system containing a detent system and a receptacle for mounting on a vehicle frame as described and claimed herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a locking pin system useful in preventing transverse movement of two adjacent objects with respect to one another. In one embodiment the invention relates to a locking pin system for locking the frame of a slide-out room in a recreational vehicle in both an extended and un-extended position relative to the frame of the recreational vehicle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the luxury motor home and recreational vehicle (RV) industry, there has been an increasing demand for motor homes or RV's having increased floor space and functions. In particular, luxury motor homes have seen the development of extendable or slide-out rooms which enable the vehicle to comply with highway size restrictions when driving but can be extended from the vehicle when parked in order to provide an increased amount of floor space to the occupants.
The creation of extendable or slide-out rooms presents unique problems in the design of the frame of the vehicle and the design of the slide-out room in order to provide appropriate structural integrity to the vehicle frame. Such structural integrity is particularly required when the vehicle is in motion in order to ensure that the slide-out room remains properly locked in the closed position and does not inadvertently open. That is, there has been a need for a locking system which ensures that the slide-out room becomes a structural element of the vehicle frame which prevents movement of the slide-out room in three axes.
A review of the prior art indicates that various pin locking systems have been developed in the past. For example, United States Patent 4,681,495 discloses a system for the permanent fastening of two parts together with a special screw; United States Patent 4,859,110 discloses a device for coupling a shaft to its receptacle; United States Patent 5,141,355 discloses a system having a locking collar which does not require a torsional force to engage the lock; and, United States Patent 4,843,792 discloses a socket support and interlock for staging panels. However, none of these systems disclose a locking pin system having a telescoping pin and sleeve system containing a detent system and a receptacle for mounting on a vehicle frame as described and claimed herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a locking pin system for preventing transverse translational movement between first and second adjacent objects comprising:
a telescoping pin and sleeve system for operative connection to the first object, the telescoping pin and sleeve system including an inner pin in sliding engagement with an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve in sliding engagement with an outer sleeve, and;
a receptacle for connection to the second object for receiving the inner sleeve and the inner pin;
wherein the inner pin and inner sleeve operatively contain a detent system engageable with the outer sleeve and receptacle when the inner pin and inner sleeve are in an extended position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description in which reference is made to the appended drawings, wherein:
1 S FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a bus having two slide-out rooms showing the location of the locking pins in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 2 is a perspective and cross-sectional view of a locking pin system in accordance with the invention in the retracted position ;
FIGURE 2A is a cross-sectional view of the detent system taken at line 2A-2A
of Figure 2.
FIGURE 3 is a perspective and cross-sectional view of a locking pin system in accordance with the invention in a partially extended position;
FIGURE 3A is a cross-sectional view of the detent system taken at line 3A-3A
of Figure 3;
FIGURE 4 is a perspective and cross-sectional view of a locking pin system in accordance with the invention in a fully extended position; and FIGURE 4A is a cross-sectional view of the detent system taken at line 4A-4A
of Figure 4.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a locking pin system for preventing transverse translational movement between first and second adjacent objects comprising:
a telescoping pin and sleeve system for operative connection to the first object, the telescoping pin and sleeve system including an inner pin in sliding engagement with an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve in sliding engagement with an outer sleeve, and;
a receptacle for connection to the second object for receiving the inner sleeve and the inner pin;
wherein the inner pin and inner sleeve operatively contain a detent system engageable with the outer sleeve and receptacle when the inner pin and inner sleeve are in an extended position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description in which reference is made to the appended drawings, wherein:
1 S FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a bus having two slide-out rooms showing the location of the locking pins in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 2 is a perspective and cross-sectional view of a locking pin system in accordance with the invention in the retracted position ;
FIGURE 2A is a cross-sectional view of the detent system taken at line 2A-2A
of Figure 2.
FIGURE 3 is a perspective and cross-sectional view of a locking pin system in accordance with the invention in a partially extended position;
FIGURE 3A is a cross-sectional view of the detent system taken at line 3A-3A
of Figure 3;
FIGURE 4 is a perspective and cross-sectional view of a locking pin system in accordance with the invention in a fully extended position; and FIGURE 4A is a cross-sectional view of the detent system taken at line 4A-4A
of Figure 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to the Figures, a locking pin system in accordance with the invention is shown. Figure 1 shows the locking pin system of the invention mounted on a bus having two slide-out rooms. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the locking pin system in a fully retracted, a partially extended and a fully extended and locked position, respectively. Figures 2A, 3A and 4A show the detent system in cross section in the fully retracted, partially extended and fully extended and locked positions respectively.
The locking pin system 100 provides a secure locking system between two bodies which may move with respect to one another and for which it is necessary or desirable to lock the relative positions of the two bodies at discrete positions with respect to one another.
In the description that herein follows, the locking pin system is shown mounted between a vehicle frame 9 and the frame 10 of a slide-out room mounted on the vehicle frame but it is understood that the locking pin system 100 can be mounted to a number of different systems.
'The locking pin system generally includes a drive system 90 and a telescoping pin and sleeve system 80 on the vehicle frame 9 and a pin receiving and locking system 70 on the second frame 10. The drive system 90 controls the telescopic extension of the telescoping pin and sleeve system 80 into and out of the pin receiving and locking system70.
With reference to Figure 2, the locking pin system 100 is shown in a retracted or unlocked position allowing movement of the frame 10 with respect to the vehicle frame 9.
As shown, the drive system 90 includes a hydraulic or air piston 1 within cylinder la and mounted on the vehicle frame 9. Positive air pressure directed through channel lb causes axial movement of the piston 1 towards the frame 10 whereas positive air pressure directed into channel lc will retract the piston 1 from the frame 10. The drive system 90 is preferably an air cylinder and piston but other actuation devices may be employed as would understood by one skilled in the art.
With reference to the Figures, a locking pin system in accordance with the invention is shown. Figure 1 shows the locking pin system of the invention mounted on a bus having two slide-out rooms. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the locking pin system in a fully retracted, a partially extended and a fully extended and locked position, respectively. Figures 2A, 3A and 4A show the detent system in cross section in the fully retracted, partially extended and fully extended and locked positions respectively.
The locking pin system 100 provides a secure locking system between two bodies which may move with respect to one another and for which it is necessary or desirable to lock the relative positions of the two bodies at discrete positions with respect to one another.
In the description that herein follows, the locking pin system is shown mounted between a vehicle frame 9 and the frame 10 of a slide-out room mounted on the vehicle frame but it is understood that the locking pin system 100 can be mounted to a number of different systems.
'The locking pin system generally includes a drive system 90 and a telescoping pin and sleeve system 80 on the vehicle frame 9 and a pin receiving and locking system 70 on the second frame 10. The drive system 90 controls the telescopic extension of the telescoping pin and sleeve system 80 into and out of the pin receiving and locking system70.
With reference to Figure 2, the locking pin system 100 is shown in a retracted or unlocked position allowing movement of the frame 10 with respect to the vehicle frame 9.
As shown, the drive system 90 includes a hydraulic or air piston 1 within cylinder la and mounted on the vehicle frame 9. Positive air pressure directed through channel lb causes axial movement of the piston 1 towards the frame 10 whereas positive air pressure directed into channel lc will retract the piston 1 from the frame 10. The drive system 90 is preferably an air cylinder and piston but other actuation devices may be employed as would understood by one skilled in the art.
The telescoping pin and sleeve system 80 is mounted flush with the exterior of the frame 9 and generally includes an inner pin 2 operatively linked to the drive system 90 and an inner sleeve 3 in sliding and telescopic engagement with the inner pin 2 which itself is telescopically received within an outer sleeve 7.
The pin receiving and locking system 70 is mounted on the second frame 10 and generally includes a receptacle 6 for mating engagement with the inner pin 2.
More specifically, the inner pin 2 includes a nose piece 11 fixed to the end of the pin 2, a front groove 2a within the outer surface of the pin 2 proximal the nose piece 11, a shoulder 2b extending radially to the outer surface of the pin and a back groove 2c proximal to the drive system end of the pin 2. The telescoping pin and sleeve system 80 also includes front and back segments 8 and 4 which are slidably engaged with the inner sleeve 3. The front and back segments 8 and 4 are retained within the inner sleeve 3 by their tapered shape which prevents them from falling out (Figure 2A).
Furthermore and as shown in Figure 2A, preferably three front segments 8 are equally spaced around the inner sleeve 3 and move both through gravity and the movement of the various pieces of the pin and sleeve system 80. In the retracted position, the inner pin 2 and inner sleeve 3 retains the front and back segments 8 and 4 within the front 2a and back 2c grooves respectively.
The inner sleeve 3 is telescopically received within the outer sleeve 7. The inner sleeve 3 includes openings 3a and 3b adjacent the front and back of the sleeve 3 which allow the front and back segments to slide through and be retained by the inner sleeve 3. The inner sleeve 3 also includes an outer shoulder 5 and an inner shoulder Sa. The inner shoulder Sa is designed to engage with the shoulder 2b of the inner pin 2 and the outer shoulder 5 is designed to engage with the rim 6a of the receptacle 6 of the pin receiving and locking system 70.
The outer sleeve 7 includes a groove 7a adjacent the outer edge of the outer sleeve 7. The back segment 4 is adapted for seating engagement within the outer sleeve groove 7a.
As indicated, the pin locking system 70 is mounted on the second frame 10 and includes a receptacle 6 for receiving the inner pin 2 and inner sleeve 3. The receptacle 6 also includes a groove 6b for receiving the front segment 8 (Figures 3A and 4A).
Operation In extending the locking pin system 100, the inner pin 2 is caused to move outwardly by the drive system 90. With the front and back segments 8 and 4 retained within grooves 2a and 2c and spaces 3a and 3b respectively, the inner sleeve 3 moves with the inner pin 2. Movement of the inner sleeve continues until 5 the outer shoulder 5 comes in contact with rim 6a of the receptacle 6 (Figure 2). At this point, the back segments 4 are pushed through the inner sleeve 3 by the continued forward motion of the inner pin 2 and into the groove 7a of the outer sleeve 7.
Simultaneously, forward motion of the pin 2 causes the front segments 8 to be pushed into groove 6b of the receptacle 6. Forward motion of the inner pin 2 continues until shoulder 2b engages with shoulder Sa and nose piece 11 has separated from the inner sleeve 3.
Figure 4 shows the cylinder having pushed the inner pin 2 to its fully extended and locked position wherein back segments 4 rest in groove 7a of the outer sleeve and front segments 8 rest in groove 6b of the receptacle 6 (Figure 4A).
The system 100 remains locked with little or no pressure on the piston 1 until a pressure is applied to retract the piston. The piston pulls back on the inner pin 2 until the nose piece 11 comes in contact with the inner sleeve 3. With the grooves 2a and 2c of the inner pin 2 lined up with the front 8 and back 4 segments, continued backward motion of the inner pin 2 causes retraction of the front and back segments within the inner pin allowing the continued withdrawal of the pin until the nose piece 11 clears the receptacle. The pin is then in the unlocked position as shown in Figure 2.
The pin receiving and locking system 70 is mounted on the second frame 10 and generally includes a receptacle 6 for mating engagement with the inner pin 2.
More specifically, the inner pin 2 includes a nose piece 11 fixed to the end of the pin 2, a front groove 2a within the outer surface of the pin 2 proximal the nose piece 11, a shoulder 2b extending radially to the outer surface of the pin and a back groove 2c proximal to the drive system end of the pin 2. The telescoping pin and sleeve system 80 also includes front and back segments 8 and 4 which are slidably engaged with the inner sleeve 3. The front and back segments 8 and 4 are retained within the inner sleeve 3 by their tapered shape which prevents them from falling out (Figure 2A).
Furthermore and as shown in Figure 2A, preferably three front segments 8 are equally spaced around the inner sleeve 3 and move both through gravity and the movement of the various pieces of the pin and sleeve system 80. In the retracted position, the inner pin 2 and inner sleeve 3 retains the front and back segments 8 and 4 within the front 2a and back 2c grooves respectively.
The inner sleeve 3 is telescopically received within the outer sleeve 7. The inner sleeve 3 includes openings 3a and 3b adjacent the front and back of the sleeve 3 which allow the front and back segments to slide through and be retained by the inner sleeve 3. The inner sleeve 3 also includes an outer shoulder 5 and an inner shoulder Sa. The inner shoulder Sa is designed to engage with the shoulder 2b of the inner pin 2 and the outer shoulder 5 is designed to engage with the rim 6a of the receptacle 6 of the pin receiving and locking system 70.
The outer sleeve 7 includes a groove 7a adjacent the outer edge of the outer sleeve 7. The back segment 4 is adapted for seating engagement within the outer sleeve groove 7a.
As indicated, the pin locking system 70 is mounted on the second frame 10 and includes a receptacle 6 for receiving the inner pin 2 and inner sleeve 3. The receptacle 6 also includes a groove 6b for receiving the front segment 8 (Figures 3A and 4A).
Operation In extending the locking pin system 100, the inner pin 2 is caused to move outwardly by the drive system 90. With the front and back segments 8 and 4 retained within grooves 2a and 2c and spaces 3a and 3b respectively, the inner sleeve 3 moves with the inner pin 2. Movement of the inner sleeve continues until 5 the outer shoulder 5 comes in contact with rim 6a of the receptacle 6 (Figure 2). At this point, the back segments 4 are pushed through the inner sleeve 3 by the continued forward motion of the inner pin 2 and into the groove 7a of the outer sleeve 7.
Simultaneously, forward motion of the pin 2 causes the front segments 8 to be pushed into groove 6b of the receptacle 6. Forward motion of the inner pin 2 continues until shoulder 2b engages with shoulder Sa and nose piece 11 has separated from the inner sleeve 3.
Figure 4 shows the cylinder having pushed the inner pin 2 to its fully extended and locked position wherein back segments 4 rest in groove 7a of the outer sleeve and front segments 8 rest in groove 6b of the receptacle 6 (Figure 4A).
The system 100 remains locked with little or no pressure on the piston 1 until a pressure is applied to retract the piston. The piston pulls back on the inner pin 2 until the nose piece 11 comes in contact with the inner sleeve 3. With the grooves 2a and 2c of the inner pin 2 lined up with the front 8 and back 4 segments, continued backward motion of the inner pin 2 causes retraction of the front and back segments within the inner pin allowing the continued withdrawal of the pin until the nose piece 11 clears the receptacle. The pin is then in the unlocked position as shown in Figure 2.
Claims (11)
1. A locking pin system for preventing transverse translational movement between first and second adjacent objects comprising:
a telescoping pin and sleeve system for operative connection to the first object, the telescoping pin and sleeve system including an inner pin in sliding engagement with an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve in sliding engagement with an outer sleeve, and;
a receptacle for connection to the second object for receiving the inner sleeve and the inner pin;
wherein the inner pin and inner sleeve operatively contain a detent system engageable with the outer sleeve and receptacle when the inner pin and inner sleeve are in an extended position.
a telescoping pin and sleeve system for operative connection to the first object, the telescoping pin and sleeve system including an inner pin in sliding engagement with an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve in sliding engagement with an outer sleeve, and;
a receptacle for connection to the second object for receiving the inner sleeve and the inner pin;
wherein the inner pin and inner sleeve operatively contain a detent system engageable with the outer sleeve and receptacle when the inner pin and inner sleeve are in an extended position.
2. A locking pin system as in claim 1 wherein a) the detent system includes at least one first segment;
b) the inner pin includes a first groove for partially containing the first segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in an unextended position;
c) the inner sleeve includes a first passage allowing movement of the first segment through the inner sleeve; and d) the receptacle includes a receptacle groove for partially containing the first segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in the extended position.
b) the inner pin includes a first groove for partially containing the first segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in an unextended position;
c) the inner sleeve includes a first passage allowing movement of the first segment through the inner sleeve; and d) the receptacle includes a receptacle groove for partially containing the first segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in the extended position.
3. A locking pin system as in claim 2 wherein e) the detent system further includes at least one second segment;
f) the inner pin further includes a second groove for partially containing the second segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in an unextended position;
g) the inner sleeve further includes a second passage allowing movement of the second segment through the inner sleeve; and h) the outer sleeve includes an inner sleeve groove for partially containing the second segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in the extended position.
f) the inner pin further includes a second groove for partially containing the second segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in an unextended position;
g) the inner sleeve further includes a second passage allowing movement of the second segment through the inner sleeve; and h) the outer sleeve includes an inner sleeve groove for partially containing the second segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in the extended position.
4. A locking pin system as in claim 1 wherein the inner pin includes an inner pin shoulder engageable with a first shoulder on the inner sleeve wherein engagement of the inner pin shoulder with the first shoulder enables linear translation of the inner sleeve.
5. A locking pin system as in claim 4 wherein the inner sleeve includes an outer shoulder engageable with a receptacle shoulder, the receptacle shoulder for arresting linear translation of the inner sleeve during extension.
6. A locking pin system as in claim 1 further comprising a drive system operatively connected to the inner pin for linear actuation of the inner pin.
7. A locking pin system as in claim 6 wherein the drive system is an air cylinder and piston.
8. A locking pin system in claim 3 wherein the first and second segments are retained within the first and second passages by respective tapered surfaces on the first and second segments and the first and second passages.
9. A locking pin system for preventing transverse translational movement between first and second adjacent objects comprising:
a telescoping pin and sleeve system for operative connection to the first object, the telescoping pin and sleeve system including an inner pin in sliding engagement with an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve in sliding engagement with an outer sleeve, and;
a receptacle for connection to the second object for receiving the inner sleeve and the inner pin;
at least one tapered first segment operatively retained within the inner sleeve, the at least one first segment engageable with the receptacle when the inner pin and inner sleeve are in an extended position wherein the inner pin includes a first groove for partially containing the at least one first segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in an unextended position at least one second tapered segment operatively retained within the inner sleeve, the at least one second segment engageable with the outer sleeve when the inner pin and inner sleeve are in an extended position wherein the inner pin includes a second groove for partially containing the at least one second segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in an unextended position
a telescoping pin and sleeve system for operative connection to the first object, the telescoping pin and sleeve system including an inner pin in sliding engagement with an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve in sliding engagement with an outer sleeve, and;
a receptacle for connection to the second object for receiving the inner sleeve and the inner pin;
at least one tapered first segment operatively retained within the inner sleeve, the at least one first segment engageable with the receptacle when the inner pin and inner sleeve are in an extended position wherein the inner pin includes a first groove for partially containing the at least one first segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in an unextended position at least one second tapered segment operatively retained within the inner sleeve, the at least one second segment engageable with the outer sleeve when the inner pin and inner sleeve are in an extended position wherein the inner pin includes a second groove for partially containing the at least one second segment when the telescoping pin and sleeve system is in an unextended position
10. A locking pin system as in claim 9 wherein the inner pin includes an inner pin shoulder engageable with a first shoulder on the inner sleeve wherein engagement of the inner pin shoulder with the first shoulder enables linear translation of the inner sleeve.
11. A locking pin system as in claim 10 wherein the inner sleeve includes an outer shoulder engageable with a receptacle shoulder, the receptacle shoulder for arresting linear translation of the inner sleeve during extension.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US52296600A | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | |
| US09/522,966 | 2000-03-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2337719A1 true CA2337719A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 |
Family
ID=24083105
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2337719 Abandoned CA2337719A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-02-21 | Locking pin system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2337719A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2473120A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-03-02 | Dilltown Holdings Ltd | Locking support assembly for a slide-out side of a vehicle or trailer |
| CN103358562A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 阿莱尼亚·马基公司 | A constraint system of sectors of a device for producing an airplane fuselage |
-
2001
- 2001-02-21 CA CA 2337719 patent/CA2337719A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2473120A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-03-02 | Dilltown Holdings Ltd | Locking support assembly for a slide-out side of a vehicle or trailer |
| CN103358562A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 阿莱尼亚·马基公司 | A constraint system of sectors of a device for producing an airplane fuselage |
| CN103358562B (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2017-03-01 | 阿莱尼亚·马基公司 | For manufacturing the constrained system of the sector of the device of airframe |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |