CA2329930C - Compounds having reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase - Google Patents

Compounds having reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase Download PDF

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CA2329930C
CA2329930C CA2329930A CA2329930A CA2329930C CA 2329930 C CA2329930 C CA 2329930C CA 2329930 A CA2329930 A CA 2329930A CA 2329930 A CA2329930 A CA 2329930A CA 2329930 C CA2329930 C CA 2329930C
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trimethylammonium
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pharmaceutical composition
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CA2329930A1 (en
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Fabio Giannessi
Mauro Marzi
Patrizia Minetti
Francesco De Angelis
Maria Ornella Tinti
Piero Chiodi
Arduino Arduini
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Sigma Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite SpA
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Abstract

Compounds of formula (I) wherein the groups are as defined in the description are disclosed. The compounds of formula (I) are endowed with reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase and are useful in the preparation of medicaments useful in the pathologies related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase, such as hyperglycemia, diabetes and pathologies related thereto, heart failure, ischemia.

Description

WO 99/59957 1 PCT/IT99/00126 _ Compounds having reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase The present invention relates to compounds having inhibiting activity against carnitine palmitoyl transferase. The present invention relates also to pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one of these compounds active ingredients and to the use of said compounds in the preparation of medicaments useful in the treatment of pathologies related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase, in particular hyperglycaemic states, such as io diabetes and related pathologies and of congestive heart failure.

Background of the invention To date, hypoglycaemic therapy is based on the use of drugs having different mechanism of action (Arch. Intern. Med., 1997, 157, 1802-1817).

Insulin and its analogues represent the most used therapy, recurring to the direct hypoglycaemic action of this hormone.

Other compounds act indirectly by stimulating insulin release (sulphonylureas). A different target of hypoglycaemic drugs is represented by the reduction of glucose intestinal absorption through the inhibition of intestinal glucosidases, or by reducing insulin resistance.

Hyperglycaemia is also treated with gluconeogenesis inhibitors, such as biguanides.
2 PCT/IT99/00126 _ Some works have also stressed out the relationship between gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation.

The membrane bound long-chain acylcarnitine transferases, also known as carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), are widely represented in organs and subcellular organelles (Bieber, L.L. 1988 Ann. Rev. Biochem. 57: 261-83). The well-established role of this category of enzymes is the transport of activated long-chain fatty acids through mitochondrial membranes. In this context, the outer mitochondrial membrane CPT I catalyzes the formation of long.-io chain acylcarnitines that are transported across the mitochondrial membrane by a specific carrier, and reconverted into long-chain acyl-coenzyme A esters by CPT II, which resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Long-chain acyl-CoAs are then oxidised to acetyl-coenzyme A, which activates a key gluconeogenetic enzyme:
pyruvate carboxylase.

Other works report that diabetic patients have high blood levels of fatty acids, whose liver oxidative fate gives rise to an increase of acetyl-coenzyme A, ATP and NADH. High availability of these compounds maximally stimulates gluconeogenesis, which is in part responsible of the elevated glucose blood levels in diabetic patients. CPT inhibition indirectly reduces the extent of liver gluconeogenesis, and hence blood glucose levels.

CPT inhibitors have been disclosed in J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38(18), 3448-50 and in the corresponding European patent application EP 0 574 355 as potential derivatives with hypoglycaemic activity.

Aminocarnitines N-acylated with -COR residue, wherein R is an aliphatic residue with 1 to 19 carbon atoms are disclosed in W085/04396 useful for investigating the role of transferases in the body, in particular the specificity of carnitine acyltransferase.

Emeriamine and its analogues are disclosed in EP 0 127 098 and J.Med. Chem. 1987, 30, 1458-1463.

Nottivithstanding the mechanism of activity above outlined, to lo date, drugs inhibiting CPT capable to effectively counteract hyperglycaemia do not exist. For some products, such as tetradecyl glycidic acid, or etomoxir, myocardial hypertrophy have been evidenced as side effects (Life Sci., 1989, 44, 1897-1906).

None of the therapies presently used in clinic is fully satisfying, in particular due to the onset of unwanted side effects, such as severe hypoglycaemia, allergic phenomena, oedema, diarrhoea, intestinal disturbances, kidney toxicity, etc.

The necessity to obtain alternative effective therapies for hyperglycaemia still remains.

Summary of the invention It has now surprisingly been found that compounds of general formula (I) :

y,-C;-12 CH - CHZ- y z WO 99/59957 4 PCT/IT99/00126 _ wherein: X+ is selected from the group consisting of N+(R1,R2,R3) and P+(Ri,R2,R3), wherein (Ri,R2,R3), being the same or different, are selected in the group consisting of hydrogen and Cl-C9 straight or branched alkyl groups, -CH=NH(NH2), - NH2, -OH; or two or more Ri, R2 and R3, together with the nitrogen atom, which they are linked to, form a saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic system; with the proviso that at least one of the Ri, R2 and R3 is io different from hydrogen;

Z is selected from -OR4, -OCOOR4, -OCONHR4, -OCSNHR4, -OCSOR4, -NHR4, -NHCOR4, -NHCSR4, -NHCOOR4, -NHCSOR4, -NHCONHR4, -NHCSNHR4, -NHSOR4 , -NHSONHR,, -NHSO2R4, -NHSO2NHR4, -SR4, wherein -R4 is a C1-C20 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group, optionally substituted with a A1 group, wherein A1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C6-C14 aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group, said aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups being optionally io substituted with one or more Ci-C20 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl or alkoxy group and/or halogen atom;

Y- is selected from the group consisting of -COO-, P03H-, -OP03H-, tetrazolate-5-yl;

with the proviso that when Z is -NHCOR4, X+ is trimethylammonium, Y is -COO-, then R4 is C2o alkyl;

with the proviso that when Z is -NHSO2R4, X+ is trimethylammonium and Y- is -COO-, then R4 is not tolyl;

with the proviso that when Z is -NHR4, X+ is trimethylammonium and Y- is -COO-, then R4 is not C1-C6 alkyl.

In one specific compound aspect, the invention provides a compound of general formula (I):

X-CHZ~H CHZ Y
z wherein:
X+ represents N+ (R1RZR3) , wherein Rl, R2 and R? are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight or branched C1-Cy alkyl, -CH=NH(NH2), -NH2 and -OH, with the proviso that at least one of Rl, R2 and R3 is different from H; or two or more Rl, R2 and R3, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked, form a saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic, heterocyclic system;

Z is selected from the group consisting of -OCOOR4, -OCONHR4, -OCSNHR4, -OCSOR4, -NHCSR4, -NHCOOR4, -NHCSOR4, -NHCONHR4, -NHCSNHR4, -NHSOR4, -NHSONHR4, -NHS02R4, -NHSO2NHR4 and -SR4, wherein -R4 is a straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl group selected from the group consisting of ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, ethylidene, vinyl, allyl, propargyl, butylene, pentylene and any isomer thereof, wherein said alkyl or alkenyl group is optionally substituted with a group A1 selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy and heteroaryloxy, and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C1-C20 alkyl or alkoxy groups, a halogen atom or a combination thereof; and -- 4 .

6a Y- is selected from the group consisting of -COO-, PO3H-, -OPO3H- and tetrazolate-5-yl;

with the proviso that when Z is -NHS02R4, X+ is trimethylammonium and Y- is -COO-, then R4 is not tolyl;
a (R,S) racemic mixture thereof, a single R or S
enantiomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In a further specific compound aspect, the invention provides a compound of general formula (I):
X-CH2~H CH2 Y

z wherein:

X+ represents P+ (R1R2R3) , wherein Rl, R2 and R3, independently, or together with the phosphorus atom to which they are linked, are as described above;

Z is selected from the group consisting of -OR4, -OCOOR4, -OCONHR4, -OCSNHR4, -OCSOR4, -NHR4, -NHCOR4, -NHCSR4, -NHCOOR4, -NHCSOR4, -NHCONHR4, -NHCSNHR4, -NHSOR4, -NHSONHR4, -NHSO2R4i -NHSO2NHR4 and -SR4, wherein -R4 represents a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C1-C20 alkyl group, optionally substituted with the group A1 as described above; and Y- is as described above;

a (R,S) racemic mixture thereof, a single R or S
enantiomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

6b The present invention further comprises the use of the compounds of the above-mentioned formula (I) as active ingredients for medicaments, in particular for medicaments useful for the treatment of pathologies related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl carnitine, such as and in particular hyperglycemic states, diabetes and related pathologies, congestive heart failure and dilatative cardiopathy.

The present invention comprises pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of formula (I) as active ingredients, in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles and excipients.

The present invention comprises also processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I).

The invention also provides commercial packages comprising the compounds, salts or compositions of the invention and associated therewith instructions for the use thereof in the treatment of the diseases and conditions noted herein.

Brief Description of the Figures:

Figure 1: is a reaction scheme for the preparation of the compounds of Examples 6 and 7.

Figure 2: is a reaction scheme for the preparation of the compounds of Examples 8 and 9.

Figure 3A: is a reaction scheme for the preparation of the starting product for the synthesis of the compounds described in Examples 10 and 11.

Figure 3B: is a reaction scheme for the preparation of the compounds of Examples 10 and 11.

6c Figure 4: is a reaction scheme for the preparation of the compounds of Examples 12 to 14.

Detailed description of the invention Within the scope of the present invention, as examples of C1-CZO linear or branched alkyl group, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl and their possible isomers are meant, such as for example isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl.

Examples of C1-C20 linear or branched alkenyl group are methylene, ethylidene, vinyl, allyl, propargyl, butylene, pentylene, wherein the carbon-carbon double bond, optionally in the presence of other carbon-carbon unsaturations, can be situated in the different possible positions of the alkyl chain, which can also be branched within the allowed isomery.

Examples of (C6-C14) aryl group are phenyl, 1- or 2-naphthyl, anthryl, optionally substituted as shown in the general definitions above-mentioned.

Examples of heterocyclic groups thienyl, quinolyl, pyridyl, N-methylpiperidinyl, 5-tetrazolyl, optionally substituted as shown in the general definitions above-mentioned.

As halogen atom it is intended fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine.

The compounds of formula (I) can be also in the form of inner salts.

A first group of preferred compounds comprises the compounds of formula (I) wherein N+(R1,R2,R3) is trimethyl io ammonium.

A second group of preferred compounds comprises the compounds of formula (I) wherein two or more Ri, R2 and R3, together with the nitrogen atom, which they are linked to, form a saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic system; for example morpholinium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, quinolinium, quinuclidinium.

A third group of preferred compounds comprises the compounds of formula (I) wherein Ri and R2 are hydrogen and R3 is selected. from the group consisting of -CH=NH(NH2), - NH2 and -OH.

Within the different embodiments of the present invention, the R4 group is preferably a C7-C2o saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group. In fact, it has been observed the length of the alkyl chain R4 significantly increases the selectivity against CPT.
Preferred R4 groups are selected from the group consisting of heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl.

Preferred examples of Z group are ureido (-NHCONHR4), and carbamate (-NHCOOR4, -OCONHR4) ones.

In particular, compounds of formula (I) wherein X+ , Ri, R2, R3, have the above disclosed meanings, Z is ureido (-NHCONHR4) or carbamate (-NHCOOR4, -OCONHR4), R4 is a C7-C2o, preferably a C9-C18 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group, are preferred.

The compounds of formula (I) have an asymmetry center on carbon atom bound to a Z group. For the purposes of the present invention, each compound of formula (I) can exist both as R,S
racemic mixture and as separated R/ S isomeric form.

The compounds of formula (I) are quaternary ammonium or phosphonium derivatives always containing a Y- anionic group.
Dependently on pH, each compounds of formula (I) can exist indifferently as amphoion (inner salt) or as a compound wherein Y-is present in the YH form. In such a case, X+ is salified with a pharmacologically acceptable acid. Formula (I) covers all these 2o different possibilities. In case of nitrogen atoms having basic character, the salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, both inorganic and organic, such as for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, or, in the case of acid group, such as carboxyl, the salts with pharmaceutically acceptable bases, both inorganic and organic, such as for example, alkaline and alkaline-earth hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, amine, also heterocyclic ones. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts are chloride;
bromide; iodide; aspartate; acid aspartate; citrate; acid citrate;

tartrate; acid tartrate; phosphate, acid phosphate; fumarate; acid fumarate; glycerophosphate; glucosephosphate; lactate; maleate;
acid maleate; mucate; orotate; oxalate; acid oxalate; sulfate; acid sulfate; trichloroacetate; trifluoroacetate; methanesulfonate;
pamoate and acid pamoate.

A first group of particularly preferred compounds comprises:
R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R, S-4-quinuclidinium-3 - (tetradecyloxycarb onyl) -oxybutyrate;
R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyrate;
R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonyloxycarbonyl)-oxybutyric acid is chloride;

R, S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyrate;
R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(octyloxycarbonyl)-aminobutyrate;
R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonyloxycarbonyl)-aminobutyrate;
R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-octyloxybutyrate;

2o R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecyloxybutyrate;

R, S-1-guanidinium-2-tetradecyloxy-3- (tetrazolate- 5-yl) -propane;
R, S-1-trimethylammonium-2-tetradecyloxy-3-(tetrazolate-5-yl)-propan.e;

WO 99/59957 t0 PCT/IT99/00126 R, S-3-quinuclidinium-2-(tetradecyloxycarbonyl)-oxy-1-propariephosphonate monobasic;

R, S-3-trimethylammonium-2- (nonylaminocarbonyl)-oxy-1-propanephosphonate monobasic ;

s R, S-3-pyridinium-2-(nonylaminocarbonyl)-oxy-l-propanephosphonic acid chloride;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3- (tetradecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;
R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(undecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;
R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(heptylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

io R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylthiocarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;
R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;
S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;
S-4-trimethylammonium-3- (tetradecylcarbamoyl) -aminobutyrate;

R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecylaminobutyrate;
is R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-octylaminobutyrate;

R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(decansulfonyl)aminobutyrate;
R, S-4-trimethyiammonium-3-(nonylsulfamoyl) aminobutyrate;
S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(dodecansulfonyl) aminobutyrate;
R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(dodecansulfonyl)aminobutyrate;

20 S-4-trirnethylammonium-3-(undecylsulfamoyl)aminobutyrate;
R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(undecylsulfamoyl)aminobutyrate;
R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(dodecylcarbamoyl)aminobutyrate;
R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(10-phenoxydecylcarbamoyl)aminobutyrate;

R-4-trimethylarnmonium-3 - (trans-~- styrenesulfonyl) aminobutyrate.
The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared with reactions that are well known in the state of the art.

A process for the preparation of the compounds of the invention, wherein Z is -NHR4 comprising the reaction of X+-CH2-CH(NH2)-CH2-Y-, wherein X+ and Y- have the same meanings defined above of the desired structure, optionally protected on the acid Y- group, with alkane carbaldheydes, wherein the alkyl moiety is a one-term lower homologue of the desired R4, and subsequent reduction.

Generally, the compounds of formula (I), wherein Z is carbonate (-OCOOR4), carbamate (-OCONHR4, -NHCOOR4), . thiocarbamate (-OCSNHR4, -NHCSOR4,) or thiocarbonate (-OCSOR4), are obtained by reacting a compound of formula X+-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-Y-, wherein X+ and Y- are as above defined, of the desired structure, optionally protected on the acid Y- group, respectively with alkyl chloroformates, alkyl isocyanates, alkyl isothiocyanates, alkyl thiochloroformates, containing the desired R4 alkyl group.

Compounds of formula (I), wherein Z is amide (-NHCOR4), thioamide (--NHCSR4), carbamate (-NHCOOR4, -OCONHR4), thiocarbamate (-NHCSOR4, -OCSNHR4,), ureido (-NHCONHR4), thioureido (-NHCSNHR4), sulfinamide (-NHSOR4), sulfonamide (-NHSO2R4), sulfinamoylamino (-NHSONHR4), and sulfarnide (-NHSO2NHR4), are obtained by reacting X+-CH2-CH(NH2)-CH2-Y-, wherein X+ and Y- are as above defined, of the desired structure, WO 99/59957 12 PCT/1T99/00126 _ optionally protected on the acid Y- group, respectively with acyl chlorides, thioacyl chlorides, alkyl chloroformates, alkyl thiochioroformates, alkyi isocyanates, alkyl thioisocyanates, alkyl sulfinyl chlorides, alkyl sulfonyl_ chlorides, SOC12 and alkyl amines, s alkyl sulfamoyl chlorides (or S02C12 and alkyl amines), containing the desired R4 alkyl group.

Compounds of formula (I), wherein Z is -OR4 or -SR4 are obtained by the reaction of carbonyl compounds of formula Hal-CH2-CO-CH2-COOR' , wherein Hal is a halogen atom, preferably to chlorine, and R' is the residue of a suitable ester, such as for example a lower alkyl ester (an ethyl or a tert-butyl ester) with respectively alcohols and thiols R4OH or R4SH, wherein R4 is as above defined, to give the respective ketal or thioketal, followed by the transformation of the respective ketal or thioketal into the 15 respective ether or thioether, subsequent substitution of the Hal atom with a nucleophilic group, such as azido, phthalimido, nitro, amino, alkyl amino group, and transformation of the nucleophilic group into the X+ group, wherein X+ is N+(R1,R2,R3) or, alternatively the Hal atom is substituted with a(R1,R2,R3)-substituted phosphine 20 to obtain the compounds of formula (I) wherein X+ is P+(Ri,R2,R3).

Compounds of formula (I), wherein Z is -NHR4 are obtained by reacting X+-CH2-CH(NH2)-CH2-Y-, wherein X+ and Y- have the same meanings as in claim 1, of the desired structure, optionally protected on the acid Y- group, with alkane carbaldheydes, wherein the alkyl moiety is a one-term lower homologue of R4, and subsequent reduction.

Regarding the various meanings of R4, present in the different reactives, these reactives are available in the market, or can be prepared according to well-known methods in literature, which the experts in the field can resort to, completing with their own knowledge of the argument.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are obtained with conventional methods found in the literature, and do not necessitate io of further disclosure.

The compounds disclosed in the present invention have reversible inhibiting activity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase (CPT).
This activity allows their use as active ingredients in the preparation of medicaments useful for the treatment and prevention of hyperglycaemia, diabetes and disorders related thereto, such as, for example diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy. The compounds of the present invention are also useful as active ingredient for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders, such as congestive heart failure. The compounds of formula (I) are also 2o applicable for medicaments for the prevention and treatment of ketonic states, wherein it is intended the pathological conditions characterized by high levels of ketone bodies in blood.

Inhibiting activity mainly occurs on the isoform I of palmitoyl carnitine transferase (CPT-I).

The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least a compound of formula (I), in an amount such as to produce a significant therapeutical effect. The compositions according to the present s invention are conventional and are obtained with commonly used methods in the pharmaceutical industry. According to the desired administration route, the compositions shall be in solid or liquid form, suitable to the oral, parenteral, intravenous or transdermal route. The compositions according to the present invention comprise io together with the active ingredients at least a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or excipient. Formulation co-adjuvants, for example solubilizing, dispersing, suspending, emulsionating agents can be particularly useful. Examples of suitable oral pharmaceutical compositions are capsules, tablets, granulates, powders, syrups, 15 elixirs. Examples of suitable parenteral pharmaceutical compositions are solutions, emulsions, suspensions. Examples of suitable transdermal pharmaceutical compositions are patches, subcutaneous implants.

The compounds of formula (I) can also be used in combination 20 with other well-known active ingredients.

The dose of the active ingredients will vary- depending on the kind of active ingredient used, the administration route, the grade of pathology to be treated and the general conditions of the subject.
The dosage and posology shall be determined by the clinic expert or the physician. Generally, a therapeutic effect can be obtained at dosages comprised between 1 and 100 mg/kg body weight.

The compounds according to the present invention are useful as medicaments with hypoglycaemic activity. A further object of the present invention is the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising admixing at least a compound of formula (I) with suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or vehicles.

The following examples further illustrate the invention.

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate (ST 1251) Nonyl isocyanate A solution of decanoyl chloride (20 g, 104.8 mmoles) in acetone (30 ml) was dropped into a solution of sodium azide (9.53 g, 146.6 mmoles) in water (30 ml), cooled in an ice bath. The temperature of the azide solution was kept between 10 and 15 C. after one hour, the solution was transferred in a separatory funnel and the lower phase (the aqueous one) was eliminated. The higher phase was transferred into a flask containing 100 ml of toluene, previously warmed at 65 C. After 1.5 hours, the solution was evaporated to dryness, giving 13.37 g crude product, which after vacuum distillation gave 8.3 g pure product in the form of colourless liquid.
Yield 47%.

WO 99/59957 16 PCT/IT99/00126 _ 1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

6: 3.3 (t, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.2 (m, 12H), 0.9 (brt, 3H).
R,S-4--trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutrrate Nonyl isocyanate (15.42 g, 91.12 mmoles) was added to a solution of aminocarnitine, inner salt (7.3 g, 45.56 mmoles) in anhyd.rous DMSO (350 ml) and the solution was left to stand for 60 hours at 40 C. The resulting mixture was transferred in a 3 1 Erlenr.neyer flask, containing ethyl ether (2.5 1) and the solvent was separated by decanting the formed precipitate, which was then io transferred into a flask and precipitated again with ethyl ether. The so obtained crude product was washed several times with ethyl ether and purified on a silica gel chromatographic column, using a CHC13:
MeOH 9:1 to CHC13: MeOH 3:7 gradient until elution of impurities with higher Rf, then eluting the product of interest with MeOH only.
9.7 g of pure product were obtained.

Yield 68%.

M.p.: 145-147 C.
IH-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

S: 4.4 (m, 1H), 3.45 (dd, 1H), 3.30 (d, 1H), 3.05 (s, 9H), 2.9 (t, 2o 2H), 2.3 (d, 2H), 1.3 (m, 2H), 1.15 (brs, 12H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

FAB Mass=330, [(M+H)+].

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C 17H35N303.

K.F.=2.5% water.

WO 99/59957 17 PCT/IT99/00126 _ TLC silica gel CHC13: iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
42:7:28:10.5:10.5;

Rf=0.55.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), T=30 C, mobile phase 0.2 M KH2PO4:CH3CN 85:15, pH as such, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=12.63 min.

R,S-4-quinuclidinium-3-(tetradecyloxycarbonyl)-oxybutyrate (ST
1265) to ter-Butvl R,S-4-quinuclidinium-3-hvdroxybutvrate iodide Quinuclidine (2.40 g, 21.60 mmoles) was added to ter-Butyl R,S-4-iodo-3-hydroxybutyrate (6.18 g, 21.60mmoles) in acetonitrile (60m1) and the solution was warmed to 60 C for 20 hours under stirring. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was dissolved in acetonitrile and precipitated with ethyl ether several times to give 7.2 g of product, contaminated with about 13% by weight of quinuclidine iodide (as from NMR). After repeated crystallization from CHaCN/ Et2O, 4.3 g of pure product were obtained.

Yield 50%.

M.p.: 124-127 C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

S: 4.50 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 6H), 1.34 (m, 9H).

FAB Mass=270, [M+).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C1sH2s IN0s.
K.F.=0.5% water.

The preparation of ter-butyl 4-iodo-3-hydroxybutyrate was carried out as described in J. Pharm. Science 64/7, 1262-1264, 1975.
Tetradecyl chloroformate 29 ml of a 20% toluene solution of phosgene (55.98 mmoles) was added to tetradecyl alcohol (4 g, 18.66 mmoles) and the reaction mixture was left to stand for 20 hours under stirring at room to temperature. After solvent evaporation, the residue was taken up with hexane and evaporated to dryness (several times) to give 5.1 g product as colourless liquid.

Yield 98%.

IH-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

8: 4.30 (t, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 22H), 0.85 (brt, 3H).
ter-butyl R,S-4-quinuclidinium-3-(tetradecyloxycarbonvl)-oxy butvrate chloride Dimethylaminopyridine (922 mg, 755 mmoles) and tetradecyl chloroformate (2.09 g, 7.55 mmoles) were added to ter-butyl R,S-4-2o quinuclidinium-3-hydroxybutyrate (2 g, 5.03 mmoles) in anhydrous CH2Cl.2 (20m1). The solution was left to stand at room temperature for 20 hours under stirring. After this time, the solution was diluted with CHC13, saturated with NaCI, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The dry residue obtained after evaporation was taken up with ethyl ether and the undissolved residue was filtered off. After solvent evaporation a crude product was obtained. Flash-chromatography (CHC13: MeOH 9:1) and elution with MeOH on Amberlyst A-21 resin (activated in HCl from), gave 1.6 g product as chloride.

Yield 58%.
M.p.: 59-60 C.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 5.50 (m, 1H), 4.55 (d, 2H), 3.80 (m, 7H), 2.90 (dd, 1H), 2.75 to (dd, 1H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.05 (d, 6H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.25 (m, 22H), 0.85 (brt, 3H).

FAB Mass=510, [M+J.

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C30H56 C1NO5.

K.F.=1.5% water.

R, S-4-quinuclidinium-3-(tetradecyloxycarbonyl)-oxybutyrate Trifluoroacetic acid (6 ml) was added to ter-butyl R,S-4-quinuclidinium-3-(tetradecyloxycarbonyl)-oxybutyrate chloride (1.05 g, 1.92 mmoles) and the solution was left to stand for 1 hour at room temperature under stirring. After vacuum-evaporation of trifluoroacetic acid, the residue was taken up with cyclohexane and evaporated to dryness several times, then transferred on an Amberlyst IRA 402 resin (Cl- form) and eluted with water. The crude product, obtained by freeze-drying was purified through silica gel flash-chromatography (CHC13: MeOH 8:2) giving 480 mg product as inner salt.

Yield 55%.

M.p.: 132-134 C.

'H-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

5: 5.35 (m, 1H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.40 (m, 8H), 2.55 (dd, 1H), 2.35 (dd, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 6H), 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.20 (m, 22H), 0.75 (brt, 3H).

FAB Mass=454, [(M+H)+.

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=1.5% water.

TLC silica gel CHC13:MeOH 7:3.
Rf=0.34.

HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), T=30 C, mobile phase 0.05 M(NH4)H2P04:CH3CN 60:40, pH 4.0, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=6.72 min.

R,S-4-trimethylamnaonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyrate (ST
1298) Benzyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxvbutyric acid perchlorate Nonyl isocyanate (7.39 g, 43.36 mmoles) was added to a solution of R,S-carnitine perchiorate, benzyl ester (7.69 g, 21.86 mmoles) in toluene (100 ml) and the solution was refluxed for 5 days under stirring. Nonyl isocyanate (1.84 g, 10.86 mmoles) was further added and the reaction mixture was left under reflux for other 5 days. The solvent was vacuum-evaporated and the residue was washed with ethyl ether and subsequently taken up with chloroform, washed with water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The oil resulting from the evaporation of the organic phase was purified through flash-chromatography column, using a gradient CHC13 to CHC13: MeOH 95:5. 4.4 g product were obtained in the form of a io thick oil.

Yield 38.6%.

1H-NMR (200 MHz; CDC13):

fi: 7.3 (s, 5H), 5.4 (m, 2H), 5.05 (m, 2H), 3.8 (dd, 1H), 3.55 (d, 1H), 3.15 (s, 9H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 2.75 (m, 2H), 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.2 (brs, 12H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

TLC silica gel CHC13: MeOH 9:1;
Rf=0.29.

R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3 -(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyrate 10% Pd/C (0.44 g) was added to benzyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyric acid perchlorate (4.4 g, 8.44 mmoles) in MeOH (115 ml) and the mixture was hydrogenated at 47 psi for 4 hours. After filtration on celite, the solution was vacuum-concentrated and passed through an Amberlyst A-21 resin, eluting with MeOH. After solvent evaporation, 2.47 g product were obtained.

Yield 88.7%.
M.p.: 151-153 C.

'H-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

5: 5.4 (m, 1.H), 3.75 (dd, 1H), 3.5 (d, 1H), 3.15 (s, 9H), 3.05 (t, 2H), 2.55 (dd, 1H), 2.40 (dd, 1H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.20 (brs, 12H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

FAB Mass=331, [(M+H)+].

io Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C17H34 N204.

K.F.=1.5% water.
TLC silica gel MeOH.
Rf=0.22.

HPLC: SPHERISORB-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), T=35 C, mobile phase 50 mM KH2PO4:CH3CN 40:60, pH 4.0 with H3P04, flow 0.75 ml/rnin, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=5.33 min.

R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-( nonyloxycarb onyl)-oxybutyrate chloride (ST 1297) Benzyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyric acid chloride Dimethylaminopyridine (3.8 g, 31.2 mmoles) and nonyl chloroformate (6.45 g, 31.2 mmoles) were added to R,S-carnitine perchlorate, benzyl ester (7.33 g, 20.8 mmoles) in anhydrous DMF
(50m1) at 0 C. The temperature was left to raise to room temperature and the reaction mixture was left to stand for 3 days under stirring.
CHC13 was added and the solution was washed with 1N perchloric acid. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness, to give 6.02 g crude product, which was purified through flash-chromatography (CHC13: MeOH 85:15). 3.52 g a thick oil were obtained, which were subsequently dissolved in MeOH and passed through an Amberlyst A-21 resin (activated in to HCl from), eluting with MeOH. After vacuum-evaporation of the solvent, 3.1 g oily product were obtained.

Yield 32.4%.

iH-NMR (200 MHz; CDC13):

6: 7.3 (s, 5H), 5.45 (m, 1H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 4.4 (d, 1H), 4.1 (t, 2H), 3.8 (dd, 1H), 3.4 (s, 9H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.2 (brs, 12H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

Mutatis mutandis, the preparation of nonyl chloroformate was carried out as disclosed in Example 2 for tetradecyl chloroformate.

R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonyloxycarbonyl)-oxybutyric acid chloride 10% Pd/C (110 mg) was added to benzyl R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonyloxycarbonyl)-oxybutyric acid chloride (1.1 g, 2.4 mmoles) in MeOH (10 ml) and the mixture was hydrogenated at 47 psi for 2 hours. After filtration on celite, the solution was vacuum-dried giving 883 mg product (yield 100%), which was further purified by precipitation from CH3CN/Et20. 600 g of product were obtained.

Yield: 68%.

M.p.: 150 C dec.
'H-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

S: 5.4 (m, 1 H), 4.1 (m, 2H), 3.75 (dd, 1H), 3.55 (d, 1H), 3.1 (s, 9H), 2.7 (m, 2H), 1.5 (m, 2H), 1.20 (brs, 12H), 0.7 (brt, 3H).

FAB Mass=332, [M+J.

to Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C17H34 C1N05.

K. F. =1. 7% water.

TLC silica gel CHC13:MeOH 1:1;
Rf=0.10.

HPLC: SPHERISORB-C1 column (5 m, 250x4.6 mm), T=30 C, mobile phase 50 mM (NH4)H2PO4:CH3CN 60:40, pH 3.0 with H3P04, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=5.67 min.

R,S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-(nonylcarbarnoyl)-oxybutyrate (ST 1300) Ethyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-hydroxybutyric acid iodide A 1M solution of trimethylphosphine in THF (93 ml) was added to ethyl R,S-4-iodo-3-hydroxybutyrate (20 g, 77.5 mmoles) and the reaction mixture was left to stand at room temperature for 5 days under stirring. Ethyl ether was added, and the precipitate formed was separated by decantation. The precipitate was triturated with Et20 and dried under vacuum, giving 18.5 g product.

Yield 71.3%.
M.p.: 105-107 C.

'H-NMR (200 MHz; CDC13):

fi: 4.6 (m, 1H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 3.1 (m, 1H), 2.75 (m, 3H), 2.2 (d, 9H), 1.3 (t, 3H).

The ethyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-hydroxybutyric acid was prepared as described in Tetrahedron 1990, 4277-4282, starting from R,S-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone.

Ethyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyric acid iodide Nonyl isocyanate (4.04 g, 23.86 mmoles) was added to the ethyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-hydroxybutyric acid iodide (4 g, 11.97 mmoles) in anhydrous DMF (80 ml) and the solution was left to stand for 7 days at 110 C under stirring. CHC13 was added (300 ml) and the solution was washed with water and 2o dried over Na2SO4. The residue obtained after evaporation of the solvent was taken up with acetonitrile, the formed solid was filtered off and the filtrate was purified by silica gel flash-chromatography, using CHC13: MeOH 8:2. 2.07 g of product in the form of a thick oil were obtained.

Yield 34.3%.

1H-NMR (200 MHz; CDC13):

8: 5.4 (m, 2H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 3.15 (m, 4H), 2.8 (d, 2H), 2.2 (d, 9H), 1.5 (m, 2H), 1.2 (brs, 12H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

R,S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-(nonvlcarbamovl)-oxvbutyrate Ethyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyric acid iodide (2.07 g, 4.11 mmoles) was dissolved into iN HCl (200 ml) and the solution was warmed to 70 C
for 3 hours. The residue obtained after solvent vacuum-evaporation io was taken up with MeOH and passed through Amberlyst A-21 resin, eluting with MeOH. A crude product was obtained, which was purified by flash-chromatography, eluting with MeOH and giving 700 mg product.

Y'ield: 49%.

M.p.: 123-127 C dec.
1H-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

8: 5.3 (m, 1H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.45 (m, 4H), 1.85 (d, 9H), 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.2 (brs, 12H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

FAB Mass=348, [(M+H)+].

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C 17Hsa NOaP.

K.F.=3.4% water.
TLC silica gel MeOH;
Rf=0. 18.

-HPLC: SPHERISORB-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), T=25 C, mobile phase 50 mM KH2PO4:CH3CN 40:60, pH 4.0 with H3P04, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=5.18 min.

The following Examples 6 and 7 are further illustrated by Figure 1.

Example 6 R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-( octyloxycarbonyl)-aminobutyrate chloride (ST 1253) (2a, Figure 1) Step A

io 3 g(0.012 mmoles) aminocarnitine isobutyl ester were dissolved into 20 ml anhydrous CH2CI2. 2.48 ml (0.1078 moles) triethylamine and 3.6 g(0.0178 moles) octyl chloroformate (previously prepared by reacting the alcohol with a toluene solution of phosgene) were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was left to stand for 4.5 hours at room temperature. Then the solvent was evaporated off and the resulting solid was dissolved into ethyl acetate and filtered. The solvent was vacuum-evaporated to dryness and the resulting solid was purified on silica gel, eluting with 100%
CHC13, then with CHC13:MeOH 95:5 and 90:10. The product was obtained with a 50% yield.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42 / MeOH 28 / isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) / acetone 7:3;

Rf=0.8.

WO 99/59957 28 PCT/iT99/00126 HPLC: SPHERISORB-SCX column (5 rn, 250x4 mm), mobile phase 50 mM (NHa)H2PO4:CH3CN 60:40, pH 4.0, detector: RI, UV
205 nm, RT=8.6 min.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 4.56-4.46 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.5 (s, 9H), 3.4 (s, 9H), 2.74-2.66 (m, 2H), 2-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.56 (t, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 12H), 0.97-0.7 (d, 6H), 0.6-0.3 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C2oH41 N204C1.

ro Step B

The ester obtained in step A was hydrolysed on Amberlyst IRA
402 resin (OH- activated form) eluting with water. Water was evaporated to dryness; the resulting solid was triturated with acetone and subsequently filtered. A white solid was obtained.

Yield 94%.

M.p.= 170 C dec.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD30D):

S: 4.4 (m, 1H), 4.05 (t, 2H), 3.5 (d, 2H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 2.4 (d, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 12H), 0.95-0.85 (t, 3H).

FAB Mass=454, [(M+H)+.

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Ci6H32N2Oa K.F.=1.74 % water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.65.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), mobile phase 0.05M (NHa)H2PO4:CH3CN 60:40, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=9.0 min.

Example 7 R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonyloxycarbonyl)-aminobutyrate (ST 1285) (2b, figure 1) Step A

The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 6, step A, using nonyl chloroformate Yield: 50%.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42 / MeOH 28 / isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10 . 5) / acetone 7:3 Rf=0.71.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), mobile phase 50 mM (NH4)H2PO4:CHaCN 60:40, pH 4.0, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=10.417 min.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 4.54-4.44 (m, 1H), 4.1-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.96-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.6-3.5 (m, 2H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 2.72-2.66 (m, 2H), 2-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.26 (m, 14H), 0.96-0.94 (d, 6H), 0.92-0.86 (t, 3H).
Step B

WO 99/59957 30 PCT/IT99/00126 _ The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 6, step B.
Yield 80%.

M.p.= 160 C dec.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 4.5-4.35 (m, 1H), 4.1-4.0 (t, 2H), 3.55-3.45 (d, 2H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 2.45-2.35 (d, 2H), 1.7-1.5 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 14H), 0.9-0.8 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C17H34.N204 K.F.=1.3 % water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5);

Rf=0.62.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), mobile phase 0.05M (NH4)H2PO4:CH3CN 60:40, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=7.56 min.

The following Examples 8-9 are further illustrated by Figure 2.
Example 8 R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-octyloxybutyrate (ST 1207) (6a, 2o Figure 2) Step A

39 g (0.3 moles) octyl alcohol were dissolved in 25 ml toluene and 14.5 ml (0.107 moles) ethyl chloroacetate and 8 ml Thionyl chloride were added thereto at -15 C. At the end of the addition, the -reaction mixture was left to stand for 4 hours at room temperature.

Ethyl acetate was then added and the solution was washed three times with 1 N NaOH and subsequently with water. The organic phase was treated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and vacuum-evaporated to dryness. The product was purified on silica gel chromatographic column, eluting with gradient from hexane alone to hexane/ethyl ether 95:5. The product was obtained with 80% yield.

TLC silica gel hexane/ethyl ether 85:15;
Rf=0.75.

iH-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

8: 4.2-4.09 (q, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.4-3.5 (dd, 2H), 2.85 (s, 2H), 1.60-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 10H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C22H33 C104.

Step B

9 ml BF3.Et20 were dropped to a mixture of 26.8 g (0.066 moles) of the product obtained in the preceding step A and 13.5 ml triethylsilane at 0 C. At the end of the addition, the reaction mixture was refluxed for 4 hours. After cooling, ether was added and the solution was washed twice with NaOH 1 N, then water; the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and vacuum-evaporated to dryness. An oil was obtained, which was purified on silica gel chromatographic column, eluting with gradient -from hexane alone to hexane/ethyl ether 95:5. The product was obtained with a 70% yield.

TLC silica gel hexane/ethyl ether 90:10;
Rf=0.47.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 4.2-4.09 (dd, 2H), 4.0-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.40 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.50 (dd, 2H), 1.55-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 10H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).
Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Step C

5.2 g (0.08 moles) NaN3 and a catalytic amount of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide were added to a solution of 11.4 g (0.041 moles) product obtained in the preceding step B. The reaction mixture was left for three nights at 60 C. The solution was vacuum-evaporated to dryness. A thick dark solution was obtained, which was purified on silica gel chromatographic column, eluting with gradient from hexane alone to hexane/ethyl ether 95:5. The product was obtained with a 83% yield.

TLC silica gel hexane/ethyl ether 95:5;
Rf=0.23.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 4.2-4.09 (dd, 2H), 4.0-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.40 (dd, 2H), 3.40-3.20 (dd, 2H), 2.70-2.40 (dd, 2H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 10H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

-Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Step D

The product obtained in the preceding step C (15.39 g, 0.054 moles) was dissolved in 31 ml of acetic acid and the resulting solution was subjected to catalytic hydrogenation with 10% Pd/C at 60 psi for 7 hours. The reaction progress was checked by TLC, until disappearance of the starting product (hexane/ethyl ether 95:5).
Thereafter, formaldehyde was added (4.6 ml, 0.167 moles) followed io by 10% Pd/C and the mixture was hydrogenated at 30 psi for 2 days. The catalyst was filtered off and the mixture was vacuum-dried. A pale yellow liquid was obtained, which was taken up with methylene chloride, washed with 1 N NaOH, then water, then NaCl saturated solution; the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and vacuum-evaporated to dryness. A thick oil was obtained. The product was obtained with a 98% yield.

TLC silica gel AcOEt/ MeOH/ NH3 90:10:3;
Rf=0.42.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 4.2-4.09 (dd, 2H), 3.85-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.40 (dd, 2H), 2.65-2.40 (dd, 2H), 2.40-2.20 (dd, 2H), 2.20 (s, 6H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 10H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Step E

The product obtained in the preceding step D (15.21 g, 0.053 moles) was dissolved in 98 ml THF and 8 ml methyl iodide were added thereto. The reaction progress was left overnight at room temperature. The mixture was vacuum-evaporated to dryness. A
thick oil was obtained. The product was obtained with a 98% yield.
TLC silica gel AcOEt/MeOH/NH3 90:10:3;

Rf--0.10.
IH-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

8: 4.45-4.3 (m, 1H), 4.2-4.09 (dd, 2H), 3.75-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.5 (s, 9H), 2.75-2.60 (dd, 2H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.15 (m, l OH), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C16H3gIN03 Step F

The product obtained in the preceding step E, was hydrolysed on Amberlyst IRA 402 resin (OH- activated form) eluting with water.
Water was evaporated to dryness; the resulting solid was treated with isopropyl alcohol three times. A white solid was obtained.

Yield=93%
M.p.= 106 C dec.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; MeOD):

5: 4.30-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.60 (dd, 1 H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 9H), 2.75-2.65 (dd, 1H), 2.20-2.10 (dd, 1H), 1.60-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 10H), 0.9-0.8 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula 5 C15H31NO3.

K.F.=5.7 % water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5);

Rf=0.7.
10 HPLC: SGE-SAX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), mobile phase 0.025M (NH4)H2PO4:CH3CN 30:70, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, flow=0.75 ml/min, RT=5.85 min.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=274.
Example 9 15 R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecyloxybutyrate (ST 1228) (6b, Figure 2) Step A

The product was prepared as in example 8, step A using tetradecyl alcohol. The product was obtained with 73% yield.

20 TLC silica gel hexane/ethyl ether 95:5;
Rf=0.63.

iH-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 4.2-4.09 (q, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.4-3.5 (dd, 2H), 2.85 (s, 2H), 1.60-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C34H67C104.

Step B

The product was prepared as in example 8, step B. The product 2b, shown in figure 2, was obtained with a 72% yield.

TLC silica gel hexane/ethyl ether 95:5;
Rf=0.4.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 4.2-4.09 (dd, 2H), 4.0-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.40 (m, 4H), 2.70-io 2.50 (dd, 2H), 1.55-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).
Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Step C

The product was prepared as in example 8, step C. The ts product was obtained with 79% yield.

TLC silica gel hexane/ethyl ether 90:10;
Rf=0.36.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 4.2-4.09 (dd, 2H), 4.0-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.40 (dd, 2H), 3.40-2o 3.20 (dd, 2H), 2.70-2.40 (dd, 2H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 22H), 0.,90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Step D

The product was prepared as in example 8, step D. The product was obtained with a 98% yield.

TLC silica gel AcOEt/MeOH/NH3 90:10:3;
Rf=0.72.

IH-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

5: 4.2-4.09 (dd, 2H), 3.85-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.40 (dd, 2H), 2.65-2.42 (dd, 2H), 2.38-2.20 (dd, 2H), 2.18 (s, 6H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C22H45N03.

Step E

The product was prepared as in example 8, step E. The product was obtained with a 99% yield.

TLC silica gel AcOEt/MeOH/NH3 90:10:3;
Rf=0.15.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 4.45-4.3 (m, 1H), 4.2-4.09 (dd, 2H), 3.75-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.5 (s, 9H), 2.75-2.60 (dd, 2H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.15 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C23H48IN03.

Step F

The product was prepared as in example 8, step F. The product was obtained with a 99% yield.

M.p.= 106 C dec.

aH-NMR (300 MHz; DMSO-D6):

8: 4.10-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.20 (m, 4H), 3.05 (s, 9H), 2.40-2.30 (dd, 1H), 1.80-1.70 (dd, 1H), 1.50-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.15 (m, 22H), 0.9-0.8 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C21H43N03.

K.F.=6.4 % water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5);

Rf=0.6.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), mobile phase 0.05M (NH4)H2PO4:CH3CN 40:60, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, flow=0.75 mi/min, RT=4.38 min.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=358.3 The following Examples 10-11 are further illustrated by figure 3 a-b.

Example 10 R, S-1-guanidinium-2-tetradecyloxy-3-(tetrazolate-5-yl) propane (ST 1263) (10, Figure 3b) Step A

6.65 g (0.0179 moles) of the intermediate prepared in Example 9, step C were dissolved in 10 ml of methanol and lOml of 4N NaOH
were added to the solution. The reaction was left to stand for 16 WO 99/59957 39 PCT/IT99/00126 _ hours at room temperature. 20 ml 6N HCl were added to the solution, which was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and vacuum concentrated. The product was obtained as a white solid with a 95.6% yield.

TLC silica gel hexane/ethyl ether 1:1;
Rf=0.5.

M.p.=42-45 C.
'H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

8: 3.9-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.26 (dd, 2H), 2.68-2.5 (m, 2H), 1.6-1.5 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (s, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).
Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C I8H35N303.

Step B

At 0 C, 4.96 ml TEA were dropped into a solution containing 2.79 g (8.19 mmoles) of the compound obtained in step A, aminopropionitrile (0.58 g, 8.2 mmoles) and DEPC
(diethylphosphocyanydate )(1.71m1) in 4.2 ml of anhydrous DMF.
The reaction was left to stand for 1 hour at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed twice with water, then with a NaCI saturated solution. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and vacuum concentrated. The product was obtained -and purified through a silica gel column with hexane: ethyl ether (7:3/1:1/3:7).
Yield: 71 %.

TLC silica gel ethyl ether 100%;
Rf=0.42.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 6.6-6.4 (m, 1H), 3.9-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.4 (m, 5H), 3.3-3.2 (dt, 1H), 2.7-2.6 (t, 2H), 2.6-2.4 (dd, 2H), 1.6-1.5 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

io ` Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Step C

2.99 g (0.0114 moles) triphenylphosphine and 0.2 ml water were added to a solution containing 2.99 g (7.62 mmoles) of the compound obtained in step B. The reaction was left to stand overnight at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated off and the product was obtained and purified through a silica gel column with ethyl acetate 100%, then ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonia 7:3:0.3.

Yield: 65%.

TLC silica gel ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonia 7:3:0.3;
Rf=0.26.

'H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

8: 3.78-3.7 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.48 (m, 4H), 2.8-2.7 (dd, 2H), 2.7-2.6 (m, 2H), 2.5-2.3 (dd, 2H), 1.6-1.5 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.3 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C21H4iN302 Step D

1.69 g (4.6 mmoles) of the compound obtained in step C were treated with 1.2 g (5.2 mmoles) (BOC)20 and 9.2 ml 1N NaOH for 30 minutes at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into io ethyl acetate and washed four times with iN HCI, then water and a saturated NaCl solution. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and vacuum concentrated to dryness. The product was obtained as a white solid.

Yield: 100%.

TLC silica gel ethyl ether 100%;
Rf=0.26.

M.p.=83-84 C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 7.2-7.0 (m, 1H), 4.9-4.8 (m, 1H), 3.8-3.6 (m, 1H), 3.5-3.4 (dt, 4H), 3.2-3.0 (m, 2H), 2.6 (t, 2H), 2.4 (d, 2H), 1.5 (m, 2H), 1.4 (s, 9H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C26H49N304.

Step E

The product obtained in step D(1.19 g, 2.56 mmoles) was dissolved into 12 ml of anhydrous THF, under argon atmosphere, then 3.062 g of triphenylphosphine, 1.54 ml of triethylsilylazido and 4.9 ml of DEAD (diethylazodicarboxylate) were dropped at 0 C within three days, until disappearance of the starting product. The mixture was then treated with an aqueous solution of cerium ammonium nitrate and diluted with CH2C12. The reaction was left to stand for 2 hours, the organic phase was washed with a saturated NaCl solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and vacuum-dried.

io The residue was purified through a silica gel column with hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1/8:2/7:3). The product was obtained with a 66% yield.

TLC silica gel hexane/AcOEt 1:1;
Rf=0.34.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

8: 4.95-4.8 (m, 1H), 4.7-4.5 (m, 2H), 3.9-3.8 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.2 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.0 (dd, 2H), 3.10-3.0 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.2 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Step F

The product obtained in step E (0.969 g, 1.97 mmoles) was dissolved into 13.09 ml anhydrous THF, then 13.1 ml of 3N HCl were added. The reaction mixture was left to stand for 2 hours, at -50 C under stirring. The reaction mixture was vacuum-dried, the residue was taken up with CH2C12 and treated with a 1 N NaOH
solution. The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and vacuum-dried. The product was obtained with a 92% yield.

T`LC silica gel AcOEt/ MeOH/ NH3 9:1:0.3 Rf=0.31.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

b: 4.78-4.58 (m, 2H), 3.8-3.7 (m, 1H), 3.5-3.4 (m, 1H), 3.30-lo 3.24 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.18 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.0 (dd, 2H), 3.0-2.6 (dd, 2H), 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.2 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C21H4oN6O

Step G

7'he product obtained in step F (2.78 g, 7.1 mmoles) was dissolved into 20 ml anhydrous MeOH, then 2.34 g iminomethanesulfonic acid (prepared with well-known methods) were added within 3 days. The obtained suspension was vacuum-concentrated, then treated with 1 N NaOH and left under stirring for 30 minutes. The solid was filtered, washed with water, then acetone.
The title product was obtained with a 45% yield.

TLC silica gel AcOEt/MeOH/NH3 7:3:0.3;
Rf=0.22.

M.p.=240 C dec.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 3.90-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.6-3.4 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.10 (dd, 1H), 2.95-2.85 (dd, 1H), 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.2 (s, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C 19H39N7O.

HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1(5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase 0.05 M KH2PO4:CH3CN 35:65, pH=3, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: UV 205 nm, RT=5.51 min.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=382.
Example 11 R,S-1-trimethylammonium-2-tetradecyloxy-3-(tetrazolato-5-yl)propane (ST 1287) (9, Figure 3b) Steps A-F

is The compounds were prepared as in steps A-F of Example 10.
Step H

2.79 g (7.14 mmoles) of the compound prepared in Example 10, step F were suspended in 18 ml water and 1.47 ml HCOOH and 1.57 ml H2CO were added thereto. The reaction mixture was refluxed overnight, then was allowed to cool down and methylene chloride was added; pH was adjusted to 9 with 0.5 N NaOH. The mixture was extracted three times with methylene chloride. The organic phase was washed with 0.5 N NaOH, water and dried over anhydrous WO 99/59957 45 PCT/iT99/00126 -sodium sulfate, filtered and vacuum concentrated. The product was obtained as a solid with a 100% yield.

TLC silica gel AcOEt/MeOH/NH3 9:1:0.3;
Rf=0.58.

'H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

&: 4.7-4.5 (m, 1 H), 3.8-3.7 (m, 1H), 3.5-3.4 (m, 1 H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.10 (m, 3H), 2.45-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H), 1.4-1.3 (m, 2H), 1.2-1.0 (m, 22H), 0.90-0.80 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C23H44N60, Step I

2.99 g (7.14 mmoles) of the compound obtained in step H were dissolved in THF and 2.5 ml of CH3I were added thereto. The reaction was left to stand for 3 hours at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated off and the solid residue was washed with hot ether, left overnight under stirring, then filtered. The product was obtained.

Yield: 100%.

TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
42:7:28:10.5:10.5;

Rf=0.73.
1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

b: 4.90-4.80 (m, 2H), 4.70-4.55 (m, 1H), 4.40-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.40 (m, 3H), 3.30 (s, 9H), 3.30-3.10 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 22H), 0.9-0.8 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C24H47IN60.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=436.
Step L

The product obtained in step I(2.99 g, 5.33 mmoles) was dissolved in MeOH, then passed through IRA 402 resin in OH- form, io conditioned in MEOH. The title product was obtained as a solid, which was subsequently triturated with AcOEt.

Yield=88%.
TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
(42:7:28:10.5:10.5)/acetone 8:2;

is Rf=0.73.

TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
42:7:28:10.5:10.5;

Rf=0.73.
M.p.= 180 C dec.

20 iH-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):
5: 4.30-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 4H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.0-2.9 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 22H), 0.9-0.8 (t, 3H).

WO 99/59957 47 PCT/IT99/00126 _ Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C21H43N5O.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=382.
K.F.=1% water HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1(5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase 0.05 M KH2PO4:CH3CN 35:65, pH=3, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: UV 205 nm, RT=5.18 min.

The following Examples 12-14 are further illustrated by Figure 4.

Example 12 R,S-3-quinuclidinium-2-(tetradecyloxycarbonyl)-oxy-1-propanephosphonate monobasic (ST 1260) Step A

In anhydrous environment, -70 C, a hexane solution of 1.6 M
BuLi (14 ml, 0.022 moles) was dropped into a solution of dibenzyl phosphite (5.8 g, 0.022 mmoles) in THF. After 15 minutes, 1.8 ml (0.022 moles) of epibromhydrine, dissolved in 5 ml THF, were added.
After the addition, etherated BF3 (3.6 ml, 0.022 moles) was dropped very slowly. The reaction was left for further 3 hours at -70 C. A

saturated ammonium chloride ' solution was added; then the temperature was left to raise to room temperature. This solution was extracted several times with AcOEt and the gathered organic phases were treated with saturated NaHCO3, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and vacuum concentrated. An oil was _ ._....w... .. .
._ _._.._._........-.~..w_.__ _ . ...

WO 99/59957 48 PCT/IT99/00126 _ obtained, which after purification on silica gel chromatography (AcOEt/ Hexane 1:1), gave 1.1 g of unreacted dibenzylphosphite and 5.3 g of product of interest.

Yield=60%.
TLC silica gel AcOEt/Hexane 7:3;
Rf=0.54.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

8: 7.4-7.2 (m, 10H), 5.1-4.9 (m, 4H), 4.2-4.0 (m, 1H), 3.5-3.3 (dd, 2H), 2.2-2.0 (m, 2H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C 17H2oBrOaP.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=399, 400, 401, 402.
Step B

2 g (5 mmoles) of the compound obtained in step A were is dissolved at 10% concentration and the solution cooled down to 0 C.
1.4 ml TEA (10 mmoles) and 0.62 g (5 mmoles) DMAP
(dimethylaminopyridine) were dropped thereto. Immediately after, 5.2 mmoles tetradecyl chloroformate were added and the temperature was left to raise to room temperature. The reaction progress was checked on TLC and worked up at the disappearance of the starting compound. Further chloroform was added and the reaction mixture was washed with 1 N HCl and water. After drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was evaporated off and an oil was obtained, which was purified through flash-chromatography using hexane/AcOEt 7:3 as eluant. The product was obtained.

Yield: 75%.

TLC silica gel hexane/AcOEt 7:3;
Rf=0.31.

iH-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

S: 7.4-7.2 (m, 10H), 5.1-4.9 (m, 5H), 4.1-3.9 (m, 2H), 3.6-3.4 (dd, 2H), 2.4-2.2 (m, 2H), 1.6-1.4 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 22H), 0.9-0.7 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C32H48BrO6P.

Step D

The product obtained in step B (6.39 g, 10 mmoles) was dissolved in 12 ml DMF, then quinuclidine was added (2.2 g, 20 is mmoles) together with TBAI (tetrabutyl ammonium iodide) in catalytic amounts (1% by weight with respect to the substrate). The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 50 C, until the starting product disappeared. At the end of reaction, the mixture was concentrated under high vacuum, obtaining a semisolid containing the product. The latter was purified through silica gel flash-chromatography, using CHC13/MeOH 8:3. The product was obtained.

Yield= 15%.

'TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CHaCOOH
(42:7:28:10.5:10.5)/acetone 8:2;

Rf=0.8.
IH-NMR (300 MHz; MeOD):

ii: 7.4-7.1 (m, 50H), 5.3-5.1 (m, 1H), 4.9-4.8 (d, 2H), 4.1-4.0 (m, 2H), 3.8-3.4 (m, 2H), 3.4-3.2 (m, 6H), 2.2-1.7 (m, 9H), 1.6-1.4 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 22H), 0.9-0.7 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C32H54N06P.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=580.
Step E

The product obtained in step D was dissolved in MeOH, then 10% Pd/ C(5% by weight with respect to the substrate) was added;
the dispersion was hydrogenated (60 psi) at room temperature for 18 hours. At the end, the dispersion was filtered through celite and concentrated to dryness. The title product was obtained without further purifications.

Yield=99%.
TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
(42:7:28:10. 5:10. 5) / acetone 8:2;

Rf=0.57.
1H-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

S: 5.5-5.3 (m, 1H), 4.2-4.1 (m, 2H), 4.0-3.4 (m, 8H), 2.2-1.7 (m, 9H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 22H), 0.9-0.7 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C25H48NO6P.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=490.
K.F.=7% water s HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1(5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase 0.075 M KH2PO4:CH3CN 60:40, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT= 16.53 min.

Example 13 R,S-3-trimethylammonium-2-(nonylaminocarbonyl)-oxy-1-io propanephosphonate monobasic (ST 1286) Step A

The product was prepared as disclosed in step A of Example 12.

Step C

15 The product obtained in the previous step (4 g, 10 mmoles) was dissolved in CH2C12 (10% solution) and etherated BF3 (1.6 ml) and nonyl isocyanate (3.38 g, 20 mmoles) were added at room temperature. The reaction was worked up after 30 minutes, firstly adding further CH2C12, then washing the organic phase with 1 N

2o NaOH several times. The product was purified on silica gel flash-chromatography (Hexane/AcOEt 7:3).

Yield=85%.
TLC silica gel AcOEt/Hexane 6:4;
Rf=0.28.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

5: 7.4-7.2 (m, 10H), 5.1-4.9 (m, 5H), 4.6-4.2 (rn, 1H), 3.7-3.5 (dd, 2H), 3.2-3.0 (m, 2H), 2.4-2.2 (m, 2H), 1.5-1.3 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.1 (m ,12H), 0.9-0.7 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C27H4oBrNO5P.

Step F

The compound obtained in the preceding step (5.68 g, 10 mmoles) was dissolved in DMF (11 ml), together with TBAI
io (tetrabutyl ammonium iodide) in catalytic amounts (1% w/w with respect to the substrate). This solution was saturated with gaseous trimethylamine. The reaction was carried out at 50 C, until the starting compound disappeared. At the end of the reaction, the solution was high vacuum-concentrated, obtaining a semisolid, is containing the product. The latter was isolated and purified through silica gel flash-chromatography using a gradient from CH2C12 only to CH2CI2:MeOH 1.1. The product was obtained.

Yield: 25%.

TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
20 (42 :7:2 8:10 . 5:10. 5) / acetone 8:2;

Rf=0.73.
'H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

8: 7.5-7.2 (m, 5H), 5.5-5.4 (m, 1H), 4.9-4.8 (m, 4H), 4.0-3.6 (m, 2H), 3.2-3.1 (s, 9H), 2.2-2.1 (s, 9H), 2.0-1.8 (m, 2H), 1.5-1.4 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 12H), 0.9-0.7 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C27H42N205P.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=457.
Step G

The product obtained in step F was dissolved in MeOH, then 10% Pd/C (5% by weight with respect to the substrate) was added;
to the dispersion was hydrogenated (60 psi) at room temperature for 18 hours. At the end, the dispersion was filtered through celite and concentrated to dryness. The title product was obtained without further purifications.

Yield=99%.
TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
(42: 7:2 8:10. 5:10. 5) / acetone 8:2;

Rf=0.31.
1H-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

8: 5.6-5.5 (m, 1H), 4.1-3.5 (m, 2H), 3.2-3.1 (s, 9H), 3.1-3.0 (m, 2o 2H), 2.2-1.7 (m, 2H), 1.5-1.4 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 12H), 0.9-0.7 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Ci5H35N205P.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=367.

WO 99/59957 54 PCT/IT99/00126 _ K..F.=3% water.

HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1(5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase 0.05 M(NHa.)H2PO4:CHsCN 35:65, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=7.31 min.

s Example 14 R,S-3-pyridinium-2-(nonylaminocarbonyl)-oxy-1-propanephosphonic acid chloride (ST 1268) Step A

The product was prepared as disclosed in step A of Example 12.

Step C

The product was prepared as disclosed in step C of Example 13.

Step H

The compound obtained in the preceding step (5.68 g, 10 mmoles) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (50% solution), together with TBAI (tetrabutyl ammonium iodide) in catalytic amounts (1% w/w with respect to the substrate). The reaction was carried out at 50 C, until the starting compound disappeared. At the 2o end of the reaction, the solution was high vacuum-concentrated, obtaining a semisolid, containing the product, which was isolated and purified through silica gel flash-chromatography using a gradient from CH2C12 only to CH2C12:MeOH from 9:1 to 1:1.

Yield: 20%.

TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
(42:7:28:10.5:10. 5) / acetone 8:2;

Rf=0.73.
1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

8: 9.4-9.3 (d, 2H), 8.2-8.1 (t, 1H), 7.9-7.8 (t, 2H), 7.3-7.1 (m, 5H), 5.3-S.1 (m, 3H), 4.9-4.8 (m, 2H), 3.0-2.9 (m, 2H), 2.2-1.6 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 12H), 0.9-0.7 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C24H38N2O5P.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=477.
Step I

The product obtained in step H (4.76 g, 10 mmoles) was dissolved in 100 ml CH2C12 and 20 mmoles TMSI (trimethylsilyl iodide) were .added to the resulting solution. After 30 minutes, the is reaction was finished; 0.5 ml water were added to the mixture, which was concentrated to dryness. The final product was purified and isolated by RP-18 silica gel chromatography, using a gradient water/methanol 9:1 to methanol 100%. The solid was dissolved in water and passed through IRA 402 resin (Cl- activated). ST 1268 was obtained.

Yield=80%.
M.p.=202-204 C.
TLC silica gel CHC13:iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
(42:7:28:10.5:10.5)/acetone 8:2;

Rf=0.48.

'H-NMR (300 MHz; D20):

S: 9.4-9.3 (d, 2H), 8.2-8.1 (t, 1H), 7.9-7.8 (t, 2H), 5.5-5.4 (m, 1H), 5.2-4.8 (m, 2H), 3.0-2.9 (m, 2H), 2.2-2.0 (m, 2H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 14H), 0.9-0.7 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C18H32N2 C1O5P.

MS-FAB+glycerol matrix=387.
K.F.=6% water.

HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1(5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase 0.050 M KH2PO4:CH3CN 35:65, flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=5.61 min.

Example 15 R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(tetradecylcarbamoyl)-amino butyrate (ST 1326) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 1, starting from tetradecyl isocyanate and R-aminocarnitine, inner salt, except the crude product was obtained by precipitation with ethyl ether, from the reaction mixture, directly washed with ethyl ether and purified on a silica gel chromatographic column.

Y:ield 57%.

M.p.: 160-162 C.

[a]20D= -21.1 (c=0.5, MeOH).
1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

WO 99/59957 57 PCT/IT99/00126 _ S., 4.52 (m, 1H), 3.60 (dd, 1H), 3.48 (d, 1H), 3.20 (s, 9H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.28 (brs, 22H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

ESI Mass=400, [(M+H)+.

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C22H45N303.

K.F.=2.5% water.

TLC silica gel CHC13: iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
42:7:28:10.5:10.5;

Rf=0.50.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), T=30 C, mobile phase 0.05 M(NH4)H2P04:CH3CN 75:25, pH=4.9 (as such), flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=13.63 min.

Example 16 R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(undecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate (ST 1327) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 1, starting from undecyl isocyanate and R-aminocarnitine, inner salt, purified on a silica gel chromatographic column and further purified by precipitation from acetonitrile.

Yield 50%.

M.p.: 149-150.2 C.

[a]2oD= -21.16 (c=1, MeOH).
1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

fi: 4.52 (m, 1H), 3.60 (dd, 1H), 3.48 (d, 1H), 3.20 (s, 9H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.28 (brs, 16H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

ESI Mass=358, [(M+H)+;

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C19H39N303.

K.F.=2.3% water.

TLC silica gel CHC13: iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
42:7:28:10.5:10.5.

Rf=0.50.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), T=30 C, mobile phase 0.05 M(NH4)H2POa:CH3CN 80:20, pH=4.9 (as such), flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=17.37 min.

Example 17 R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(heptylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate (ST
1328) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 1, starting from heptyl isocyanate and R-aminocarnitine, inner salt, purified on a silica gel chromatographic column and further purified by precipitation from acetonitrile.

Yield 47%.

M.p.: 149-1.50 C.

[a]2oD= -34.0 (c=0.97, MeOH).
1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 4.52 (m, 1H), 3.60 (dd; 1H), 3.48 (d, 1 H), 3.20 (s, 9H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.30 (brs, 8H), 0.8 (brt, 3H).

ESI Mass=302, [(M+H)+;

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=6.17% water TLC silica gel CHC13: iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
42:7:28:10.5:10.5.

Rf=0.50.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 , 250x4 mm), T=30 C, mobile phase 0.05 M(NH4)H2POa:CH3CN 85:15, pH=6 (H3P04), flow 0.75 ml/min., detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=7.16 min.

Example 18 R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylthiocarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate (ST 1329) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 1, starting from nonyl isothiocyanate and R, S -amino carnitine, inner salt.
Chromatography was carried out with a CHC13/MeOH gradient from 8:2 to 2:8.

Yield 53%

M,.p.: 104-107 C

1H-NMR (200 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 5.45 (brm, 1H), 3.75 (dd, 1H), 3.55 (d, 1H), 3.45 (brm, (2H), 3.22 (s, 9H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.30 (brs, 12H), 0.90 (brt, 3H).

ESI Mass=346, [(M+H)+;

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=2.6% water;

TLC silica gel CHC13: iPrOH:MeOH:H20:CH3COOH
42:7:28:10.5:10.5.

Rf=0.74;

HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), T=30 C, mobile phase 0.05 M(NH4)H2POa:CH3CN 85:15, pH=6.0 (H3P04), flow 0.75 ml/min, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=8.87 min.

Example 19 R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate (ST
1283) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 1, starting from nonyl isocyanate and R-aminocarnitine, inner salt.

M.p.: 146-147 C

.[cx]2oD= -13.4 (c=0.5, H20).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=2.8% water.

WO 99/59957 61 PCT/IT99/00126 _ Remaining physico-chemical data were coincident with those of racemic ST1251 (Example 1).

Example 20 S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate (ST
1338) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 1, starting from nonyl isocyanate and S-aminocarnitine, inner salt.

M.p.: 146-147 C

[a]20D= + 16.7 (c=0.43, H20).
1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 4.52 (m, 1H), 3.60 (dd, 1H), 3.45 (d, 1H), 3.18 (s, 9H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.28 (brs, 12H), 0.90 (brt, 3H).
ESI Mass=330, [(M+H)+;

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=1.8% water.

Remaining physico-chemical data were coincident with those of racemic ST 12 51 (Example 1).

Example 21 S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(tetradecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate (ST 1340) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 1, starting from tetradecyl isocyanate and S-aminocarnitine, inner salt, except the crude product was obtained by precipitation with ethyl ether, from the reaction mixture, directly washed with ethyl ether and purified on a silica gel chromatographic column.

Yield= 57%;
M.p.: 166-167 C

s [a]20D= +20.7 (c=0.5, MeOH).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=1.7% water.

Remaining physico-chemical data were coincident with those of io racemic ST1326 (Example 15).

Example 22 Isobutyl R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecylamino-aminobutyrate (ST 1252) R S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecviamino-aminobutyrate 15 isobutyl ester acetate Isobutyl ester of racemic aminocarnitine (5 g, 0.0198 moles) and tetradecanal (4.6 g, 0.0217 moles) were dissolved into 250 ml methanol. Glacial acetic acid (1.13 ml, 0.198 moles) and 1 g 10%
Pd/C were added. The mixture was hydrogenated at 30 psi 20 overnight. After filtration on celite, the solution was vacuum-concentrated. A pale yellow oil was obtained, which was purified through a silica gel column, eluting firstly with AcOEt, then AcOEt/MeOH 9:1. 4g of product were obtained.

Yield= 47%;

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water . 5/ acetic acid 10. 5) / methyl acetate 7:3 Rf=0.74.
'H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

5 6: 3.92-3.90 (d, 2H), 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.0-1.9 (m, 1H), 2.6-2.4 (m, 2H), 1.3 (s, 22H), 0.98-0.82 (m, 9H).

R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecylamino-aminobutyrate The isobutyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecylamino-io aminobutyric acid, acetate salt, (3.3 g) was hydrolysed on Amberlyst IRA 402 resin (OH- activated form) and eluted with water. Water was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure; the resulting white solid was washed with methanol, filtered and vacuum-dried. 1.95 g of product were obtained.

Yield 70%

M.p.= 160 C dec.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 4.4 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 3H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 2.80-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.3 (s, 22H), 0.92-0.85 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=1.93 % water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.5.
HPLC: SGE-SCX column -(5 m, 250x4 mm), mobile phase 0.05M (NHa)H2PO4:CH3CN 60:40, pH=4, flow=0.75 ml/min; detector:
RI, UV 205 nm, RT=30.017 min.

Example 23 R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-octylaminobutyrate (ST 1254) R,S-4-trimethvlammonium-3-octylamino-aminobutyrate isobutvl ester acetate Isobutyl ester of racemic aminocarnitine chloride, (5 g, 0.0198 moles) and octanaldehyde (2.79 g, 0.0217 moles) were dissolved into 250 ml methanol. Glacial acetic acid (1.13 ml, 0.198 moles) and 1 g 10% Pd/C were added. The mixture was hydrogenated at 30 psi overnight. After filtration on celite, the solution was vacuum-concentrated. 8.5 g product were obtained, subsequently purified through a silica gel column, eluting firstly with AcOEt, then AcOEt/MeOH (9:1; 8.5:1.5). 3g of product were obtained.

Yield= 40%;

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.54.
1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

ii: 3.92-3.90 (d, 2H), 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.0-1.9 (m, 1H), 2.6-2.4 (m, 2H), 1.3 (s, 10H), 0.98-0.82 (m, 9H).

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3- octylaminobutvrate The isobutyl ester of R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecylamino-aminobutyric acid, acetate salt, (2.8 g, 0.00719) was hydrolysed on Amberlyst IRA 402 resin (OH- activated form) and eluted with water.
Water was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure; the resulting white solid was washed with methanol, filtered and io vacuum-dried. 1.8 g of product were obtained.

Yield 70%

M.p.= 140 C dec.

iH-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

8: 3.42-3.30 (m, 3H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 2.85-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.3 (s, 10H), 0.92-0.85 (t, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=2.8 % water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.32.

WO 99/59957 66 PCT/IT99/00126 _ HPLC: SGE-SCX column (5 m, 250x4 mm), mobile phase 0.05M (NH4)H2PO4:CH3CN 40:60, pH=4, flow=0.75 ml/min; detector:
RI, UV 205 nm, RT=43.20 rnin.

Example 24 R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(decansulfonyl)aminobutyrate (ST
1364) Aminocarnitine isobutyl ester chloride hydrochloride Isobutyl ester of aminocarnitine, inner salt (3 g, 18.72 mmoles), was dissolved in isobutanol (120 ml) and ice-bath cooled.
io Gaseous HC1 was bubbled into the solution until complete saturation and clearing of the mixture. The solution was refluxed (bath temperature 130 C) overnight. The solvent was vacuum-evaporated and the residue was triturated with Et20. 5.1 g of white solid were obtained.

Yield= 95%;
1H-NMR.(200 MHz; D20):

8: 4.3 (m, 1H), 4.0 (d, 2H), 3.8 (d, 2H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 1H), 0.9 (d, 6H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Ci1H26C12N2O2.

K.F.=1 % water.

R, S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(decansulfonyl) -aminobutyrate The isobutyl ester of R,S-aminocarnitine chloride, hydrochloride (1 g, 3.46 mmoles) in anhydrous dichlorornethane (5 ml) was added with triethylamine (2.65 ml, 19mmoles) and decansulfonyl chloride (2.1 g, 8.65 mmoles) suspended in 3 ml anhydrous dichloromethane, at 0 C. The mixture was left under stirring for 3 days at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated to dryness, the residue was taken up with ethyl acetate and the white precipitate of triethylamine hydrochloride was separated by from the solution by vacuum-filtration. The ethyl acetate solution was vacuum-dried to give 2.8 g of a yellow oil. 71 ml 1 N NaOH were added to hydrolize the isobutyl ester, leaving the suspension under stirring overnight at io room temperature. The suspension was evaporated and vacuum-dried, and the solid residue was completely dried under oil-vacuum, taken up with methanol and purified through silica gel chromatographic column, using methanol as eluant. 555 mg of product were obtained.

Yield 44%

M.p.= 158 C dec.

'H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

8: 4.3 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 9H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.45 (d, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H), :1.45 (m, 2H), 1.4 (brs, 12H), 0.9 (brt, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Mass ESI = 365 [(M+H)+], 387[(M+Na)+]
K.F.=3% water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.62.
HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1 column (S m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase O.OSM K2H2PO4:CH3CN 35:65, pH as such, flow=0.73 ml/min;

temperature = 30 C, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=7.0 min.
Example 25 R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylsulfamoyl)aYninobutyrate (ST
1362) to The isobutyl ester of R,S-aminocarnitine chloride, hydrochloride (2 g, 6.9mmoles) in anhydrous dichloromethane (40 ml) was added with triethylamine (3.8 ml, 27.6 mmoles) and dropped with S02CI2 in dichloromethane (1.7 ml in 10 ml final solution) at 0 C. The mixture was left under stirring for 3 days at room temperature, triethylamine (1.9 ml, 13.8 mmoles) and nonylamine (2.5 ml, 13.8 mrnoles) were added and the reaction mixture was left under stirring overnight at room temperature. The solvent was vacuum-evaporated, the residue was taken up with ethyl acetate (100 ml) and the precipitate of triethylamine hydrochloride was separated from the solution by vacuum-filtration. The ethyl acetate solution was vacuum-dried to give 4.8 g of a yellow oil, to which were added 105 ml 1 N NaOH to hydrolize the isobutyl ester. The mixture was left under stirring overnight at room temperature and vacuum-dried.
The residue was completely dried under oil-vacuum. The yellow 7 69 PCT/IT99/00126 _ semisolid was cr_ystallized from chloroform. 1.26 g of product were obtained.

Yield 50%

M.p.= 152 C dec.

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):
8: 4.1 (m, 1 H), 3.48 (d, 2H), 3.25 (s, 9H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.5 (t, 2H), 1.55 (t, 2H), 1.45 (brs, 12H), 0.9 (brt, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula Mass ESI = 366 [(M+H)+], 388[(M+Na)+]
K.F.=5.8% water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.34.
is HPLC: Spherisorb-Cl column (5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase 0.05M KH2PO4:CH3CN 35:65, pH as such, flow=0.75 ml/min;
temperature = 30 C, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=6.68 min.
Example 26 S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(dodecansulfonyl)aminobutyrate (ST
1391) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 24, starting from isobutyl ester of S-aminocarnitine chloride, hydrochloride and dodecansulfonyl chloride, to give 600 mg of product.

Yield 44%

WO 99/59957 70 PCT/IT99/00126 _ M.p.= 156 C dec.

[a]D20 = +6 (c= 0.245%, H20) 'H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

6: 4.3 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 9H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.45 (d, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.4 (brs, 16H), 0.9 (brt, 3H).
Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=8.6% water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.65.
HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1 column (5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase 0.05M KH2PO4:CH3CN 40:60, pH as such, flow=0.75 ml/min;
temperature = 30 C, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=8.5 min.

Example 27 R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(dodecansulfonyl)aminobutyrate (ST
1420) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 24, starting from isobutyl ester of R-aminocarnitine chloride, hydrochloride and 2o dodecansulfonyl chloride, to give 450 mg of product.

Yield 34%

M.p.= 158 C dec.

[a]D20 = -7 (c= 0.265%, H20) 1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

WO 99/59957 71 PCT/IT99/00126 _ 5: 4.3 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 9H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.45 (d, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.3 (brs, 16H), 0.9 (brt, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C 19H4oN2O4S

K.F.=6.9% water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.66.
HPLC: Spherisorb-C1 column (5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile io phase 0.05M KH2PO4:CH3CN 40:60, pH as such, flow=0.75 ml/min;

temperature = 30 C, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=8.11 min.
Example 28 S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(undecylsulfamoyl)aminobutyrate (ST
1427) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 25, starting from isobutyl ester of S-aminocarnitine chloride, hydrochloride and undecyl amine, except the crude product was purified on a silica gel chromatographic column, using a gradient CHC13: MeOH 9:1 to 1:9.
The product was further purified on a silica gel chromatographic column, using MeOH. 0.7 g of pure product were obtained.

Yield 38%

M.p.= 153 C dec.

[a]D20 = +4 (c= 0.25%, H20, pH = 2) 1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

S: 4.1 (m, 1H), 3.48 (d, 2H), 3.25 (s, 9H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 1.55 (brt, 2H), 1.45 (brs, 16H), 0.9 (brt, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=2.9% water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5 / acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.68.
HPLC: Spherisorb-C1 column (5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile to phase 0.05M KH2PO4:CH3CN 60:40, pH as such, flow=0.7 ml/min;

temperature = 30 C, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=8.384 min.
Example 29 R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(undecylsulfamoyl)aminobutyrate (ST 1428) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 25, starting from isobutyl ester of S-aminocarnitine chloride, hydrochloride and undecyl amine, except the crude product was purified on a silica gel chromatographic column, using a gradient CHC13: MeOH 9:1 to 1:9.
The product was further purified on a silica gel chromatographic column, using MeOH. 0.5 g of product were obtained.

Yield 32%

M.p.= 158 C dec.

(a]n20 = -4 (c= 0.25%, H20, pH = 2) 'H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

~
S: 4.1 (m, 1H), 3.48 (d, 2H), 3.25 (s, 9H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 1.55 (brm, 2H), 1.45 (brs, 16H), 0.9 (brt, 3H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=4.77% water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.68.
HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1 column (5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile to phase 0.05M KH2PO4:CH3CN 60:40, pH as such, flow=0.7 ml/min;

temperature = 30 C, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=8.379 min.
Example 30 R-4-trimethylammonium-3-( do decylcarbamoyl) aminobutyrate (ST 1375) The product was prepared as disclosed in Example 1, starting from R-aminocarnitine inner salt and dodecylisocyanate. The crude product obtained after washing with diethyl ether was purified on a silica gel chromatographic column to give 4.8 g of product.

Yield 55%

M.p.= 147 C dec.

[a]D20 = -24.6 (c= 0.48%, MeOH) 'H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

8: 4.51 (m, 1H), 3.60 (dd, 1H), 3.45 (dd, 1H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 3.1 (t, 2H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.3 (brs, 18H), 0.9 (t, 3H).

WO 99/59957 P(,"f/1T99/00126 Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K.F.=5.4% water.

TLC silica gel (CHC13 42/MeOH 28/isopropyl alcohol 7/water 10.5/ acetic acid 10.5) Rf=0.6.
HPLC: Spherisorb-C 1 column (5 m, 250x4.6 mm), mobile phase 0.05M KH2PO4:CH3CN 65:35, pH =5.6, flow=0.75 ml/min;
temperature = 30 C, detector: RI, UV 205 nm, RT=8.5 min.

Example 31 R-4-trimethyiammonium-3-(10-phenoxydecylcarbamoyl)aminobutyrate (ST 1449) 10-PhenoxYdecyl isocyanate A solution of 11-phenoxyundecanoyl chloride (31.1 g, 104.8 mmoles) in acetone (30 ml) was dropped into a solution of sodium azide (9.53 g, 146.6 mmoles) in water (30 ml), cooled in an ice bath, keeping the solution temperature between 10 and 15 C. After one hour, the solution was transferred in a separatory funnel and the lower phase (the aqueous one) was eliminated. The higher phase was transferred into a flask containing 100 ml of toluene, previously warmed at 65 C. After 1.5 hours, the solution was evaporated to dryness, giving 13.37 g of crude product, which could be used as such in the subsequent reaction.

'H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC13):

Wo 99/59957 75 PCT/IT99/00126 5: 7.2 (m, 2H), 6.9 (m, 3H), 3.9 (t, 2H), 3.6 (t, 2H), 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.3 (m, lOH).

R-4-trimethvlammonium-3- (10-phenoxydecylcarbamoyl)-amino bu rate 10-phenoxydecylisocyanate (25.0 g, 91.12 mmoles) was added to a solution of aminocarnitine, inner salt (7.3 g, 45.56 mmoles) in anhydrous DMSO (350 ml) and the solution was left to stand for 60 hours at 40 C. The resulting mixture was transferred in a 3 1 Erlenmeyer flask containing ethyl ether (2.5 1) and the solvent was to separated by decantation of the formed precipitate, which was then taken with few chloroform, transferred into a flask and precipitated again with ethyl ether. The so obtained crude product was washed several times with ethyl ether and purified on a silica gel chromatographic column, using a gradient CHC13: MeOH 9:1 to is CHC13: MeOH 3:7 gradient until elution of impurities with higher Rf, then eluting the product of interest with MeOH only. 13.5 g of pure product were obtained.

Yield 68%

1H-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

20 cS: 7.2 (m, 2H), 6.9 (m, 3H), 4.5 (m, 1H), 3.9 (t, 2H), 3.6 (dd, 1H), 3.4 (dd, IH), 3.2 (s, 9H), 3.1 (t, 2H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.3 (m, lOH).

FAB Mass=436, [(M+H)+;

WO 99/59957 PCT/IT99/00126 _ Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula K. F. =2.3% water.
Example 32 R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(trans-R-styrenesulfonyl)aminobutyrate (ST 1448) R-aminocarnitine isobutyl ester chloride hvdrochloride R-aminocarnitine inner salt (3 g, 18.72 mmoles) was dissolved in isobutanol (120 ml) and ice-bath cooled. Gaseous HCl was to bubbled into the solution until complete saturation and clearing of the mixture. The solution was refluxed (bath temperature 130 C) overnight. The solvent was vacuum-evaporated and the residue was triturated with Et20. 5.1 g of white solid were obtained.

Yield= 95%;

'H-NMR (200 MHz; D20):

5: 4.3 (m, 1H), 4.0 (d, 2H), 3.8 (d, 2H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 1H), 0.9 (d, 6H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula C11H26C12N2O2.

K. F. = 1% water.

R-4-trimethvlammonium-3- (trans-R-styrenesulfonyl)-aminobutyrate The isobutyl ester of R-aminocarnitine chloride, hydrochloride (1 g, 3.46 mmoles) in anhydrous dichloromethane (5 ml) was added with triethylamine (2.65 ml, 19mmoles) and trans-B-stvrenesulfonvl ~
chloride (1.753 g, 8.65 mmoles) suspended in 3 ml anhydrous dichloromethane, at 0 C. The mixture was left under stirring for 3 days at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated to dryness, the residue was taken up with ethyl acetate (100 ml) arld the white precipitate of triethylamine hydrochloride was separated by from the solution by vacuum-filtration. The ethyl acetate solution was vacuum-dried, then 71 ml 1 N NaOH were added to hydrolize the isobutyl ester, leaving the suspension under stirring overnight at room temperature. The suspension was evaporated and vacuum-io dried, and the solid residue was completely dried under oil-vacuum, taken up with methanol and purified through silica gel chromatographic column, using methanol as eluant. 565 mg of product were obtained.

Yield 50%

is iH-NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD):

Sõ 7.8 (d, 1H), 7.5 (m, 5H), 7.3 (d, 1H), 4.3 (m, 1H), 3.4 (m, 2H), 3.2 (s, 9H), 2.4 (d, 2H).

Elemental analysis: responding to the expected formula 20 ESI Mass = 327 [(M+H)+]
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Determination of CPT inhibiting activity.

CPT inhibition was evaluated essentially as described in Kerner,, J. & Bieber, L.L. (1990) Biochemistry 29: 4326-34 on fresh mitochondrial preparations obtained from normally fed Fischer rat liver or heart. Mitochondria were isolated from liver or heart and suspended in 75 mM saccharose buffer, 1 mM EGTA, pH 7.5. 100 1 mitochondrial suspension, containing 50 M [14C] palmitoyl-CoA

(specific activity 10,000 DPM/mole) and 10 mM L-carnitine, were incubated at 37 C, in the presence of scalar concentrations of the test product (0-3 mM). Reaction time: lminute.

Table 1 shows the IC5o determined.

The compounds of the present invention have higher inhibiting io activity than the one of the reference compound SDZ-CPI-975, Example 1, disclosed in EP 0 574 355.

ICso of inhibition CPT1 curve in rat liver mitochondria Compound IC50 ( M/I) SDZ-CPI-975 17.4 ST1326 0.75 ST1327 3.2 Determination of oleate- stimulated Q-hvdroxybu rate production P-hydroxybutyrate production is an index of CPT activity. In fact, the production of ketone bodies, finai products of mitochondrial R-oxidation, is related to CPT activity.

Mithocondrial preparations, obtained according to the method by Venerando et al. (Am. J. Physiol. 266:C455-C461, 1994), were used. Hepatocytes are incubated at 37 C in KRB bicarbonate buffer at pH 7.4, 6 mM glucose, 1% BSA in 02/C02 95/5 atmosphere at 2. 5x 106 cells/ ml. After 40 min incubation with the test compound at different concentrations, the first set of samples was taken (T o min) and oleate was added (1 mM final in KRB+BSA 1.4%). After 20 minutes, the second withdrawal was made (T 20 min).

Table 2 shows the results. The data are the mean of three to different experiments, twice carried out.

The compounds of the present invention have higher (3-hydroxybutyrate inhibiting activity than the one of the reference compound SDZ-CPI-975, Example 1, disclosed in EP 0 574 355.

ICso of inhibition CPT1 curve of P-hydroxybutyrate production in rat hepatocytes Compound IC5o ( M/I) SDZ-CPI-975 3.7 ST1251 0.5 ST1253 0.9 ST1285 1.9 Glucose and R-hvdroxvbutyrate in serum fasted rats treated with CPT inhibitors Normally fed Fischer rats were starved for 24 hours and subsequently treated with the test compounds. One hour after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed and serum concentrations of glucose and 0-hydroxybutyrate were determined.

Table 3 shows the results. For the compound ST1326 were used doses of 14.5 mg/2 ml/kg, for other test compounds, the doses are equivalent to ST 1326 one.

P-hydroxybutyrate and glucose serum concentration in 24 hours-starved rats, after one hour from intraperitoneal treatment.

control SDZ ST1251 ST1253 ST1326 ST1327 ST1328 (3-OHB
Mean 1867 119.9 99.8 118.8 133.1 93.0 169.2 s.e. 240 12.8 8.3 20.4 12.4 8.7 26.7 p< - 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Glu Mean 108.8 87.6 76.9 88.2 84.2 84.9 79.5 s.e. 6.7 1.0 2.3 3.9 2.4 1.6 1.6 p< - 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Glucose and insulin levels in diabetic animals treated with CPT
inhibitors C57BL/6J male rats, 5-weeks old, were provided by Ch. River.
After 10 days of acclimatisation in standard conditions ( 22 2 C;
55 15% humidity; 15 - 20/h air changes; 12 hours light-dark cycle, with 700 - 1900 lux) and with standard diet with 4RF21 feedstock (Mucedola), glycaemia was controlled in post-absorption state (starving from 8.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m.). Blood withdrawal was carried out cutting the tail end. Glucose was analysed in blood acid io supernatant (HCLO4 0,375 N) with autoanalyzer Cobas Mira S with Glucose GDH Kit (Roche).

The animals were divided in two groups, 26 mice each and fed with a high-fat and a low-fat diet, respectively.

After 2 months from the start of the diet, glycaemia was tested, according to the starting method. After about 3 months from the start of the diet, glycaemia was tested, according to the starting method and plasma insulin levels were also determined (with blood withdrawal from end tail cutting) using [125I] Rat Insulin Kit (Amersham).

One 10 mice group fed with low-fat diet and two 10-mice groups fed with high -fat diet were selected One of the two high fat diet was administered with ST 1327 at the dose of 45 mg/Kg in deionised H20 (p.o., twice a day, 8.30 a.m. and 5.30 p.m.).administration volume was 10 ml/Kg. the two remaining groups was treated with vehicle only. High-fat or low-fat diets were continued during the treatment.

After 20 days of treatment, glycaemia and plasma insulin were measured. After 43 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation in post-absorption state (fasting 8.30 a.m.-4.30 p.m.), 8 hours after the last treatment. Blood was withdrawn and serum was separated by centrifugation and stored at - 80 C. Liver, heart and skeletal muscle (upper limbs) were also extracted, frozen in dry ice-acetone and kept at - 80 C.

High-fat diet determined an increase of body weight, glycaemia and insulin, with respect to low-fat diet.

After 20 days of treatment with ST 1327, glucose and insulin levels significantly decreased.

Table 4 shows the results.

Glucose and insulin levels in rats fed with fat-rich diet.
Compound High Fat diet High Fat diet Low fat diet Control Treated Control Glucose 248.5 11.03 181.4 9.63* 207.3 6.84**
mg/dl (10) (9) (9) Insulin 1.632 0.246 0.621 0.117** 10.549 0.050*
ng/ ml (10) (9) (9) Student's t test, * and ** indicate p< 0.001 and p<0.01, respectively, against high fat diet; () indicates the number of cases.

These results shows that the compounds according to the present invention are effective in controlling glycaemia in fasting conditions. This is an important aspect in the treatment of diabetes, wherein hepatic gluconeogenesis occurs during fasting periods (i.e.
nocturnal rest).

The effect of CPT inhibitors on mvocardial ischemia The compounds of the present invention are also effective in the treatment of ischemia, in particular myocardial ischemia.

To this end, male Wistar rats, weighing 200-225 g, provided by Charles-River, were kept at constant temperature of 23 +/- 1 C, 50+/- 10% relative humidity, 12 hours light-dark cycle, fed with pellet 4RF21 (Mucedola) tap water ad libitum.

The animals were anaesthetised with sodium Pentobarbital at the dose of 70 mg/Kg i.p.. Hearts were rapidly removed and put in a cold Krebs-Henseleit solution, before incannulation of aorta e subsequent perfusion according to Langendorff technique at 37 C

with a pressure of 100 cm water.

Perfusion medium (Krebs-Henseleit) at pH 7.4 consists in: 128 mM NaCI, 4.7 mM KCl, 1 mM MgC12, 0.4 mM Na2HPO4, 20.2 mM
NaHCO3, 1.3 mM CaC12, 5 mM glucose. The medium was constantly oxygenated with carbogen (95% 02, 5% C02).

After a 10 min "conditioning" period, hearts were perfused in a recirculant apparatus for 20 min. with the same medium containing 0.6 mM palmitate complexed with albumine (fraction V, fatty acid free), with or without the CPT inhibitor according to the present invention. By way of example ST 1364 was used at concentrations of 1 and 5 M. After such a period ischemia was induced by reducing perfusion hydrostatic pressure from 100 cm to 20 cm for a period of 30 min.. Reperfusion was started re-establishing the starting pressure conditions (100 cm).Hearts were controlled for 20 min.. the to inhibitor is present also during reperfusion phase.

Lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) release was monitored in the effluent in normal oxygenation conditions, during ischemia, with a withdrawal of medium at 30', and during reperfusion, with withdrawals at 1.5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes.

ls LDH release in the effluent is remarkably reduced, during reperfusion results significantly reduced in the presence of ST 1364 at the dose of 5 M (fig. 1). This result indicates a lower entity of cellular damage from reperfusion of the treated with respect to the controls.

20 Statistical analysis was carried out with Student's "t" test for non-paired data.

The number of the cases for each group is six (n=6).
The following Table 5 reports the results.

LDH release in perfusate (mU/mi/min) Control ST 1364 ST 1364 l M * 5 M **
Basal 280 275 220 Ischemia 30' 200 220 200 Reperfusion 1' 640 480 410 Reperfusion 5' 660 500 380 Reperfusion 10' 670 495 380 Reperfusion 15' 700 510 320 Reperfusion 20' 720 580 325 Statistical analysis was carried out with Student's "t" test for non-paired data. * p< 0.05 vs controls; **p<0.01 vs controls.

The number of the cases for each group is six (n=6).

LDH release in the effluent is remarkably reduced, during reperfusion results significantly reduced in the presence of ST1364 at the dose of 5 M (fig. 1). This result indicates a lower entity of cellular damage from reperfusion of the treated with respect to the to controls.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a combiriation of at least a compound of formula (I) with at least another active ingredient suitable for the treatment of the disease of interest.

In the treatment or prevention of diabetes, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I), optionally in combiriation with a suitable well-known active ingredient, such as for example a sulfonylurea, L-carnitine, fibrate and other agopists of WO 99/59957 86 PCT/IT99/00126 _ peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-a), agonists of 9-cis retinoic acid activated receptor, such as RXR, in particular a-, (3-and y-isoforms, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, (3-sitosteroi inhibitor, cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, biguanides, cholestyramine, angiotensin II antagonist, melinamide, nicotinic acid, fibrinogen receptor antagonists, aspirin, a-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretogogue, insulin and glucagon-like peptides (incretins) and agonists of PPAR-y (such as thiazolidinediones or others).

In the treatment or prevention of obesity, the present invention to provides a compound of formula (I), optionally in combination with an suitable well-known active ingredient, such as for example fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentiramine, a R-3-adrenergic receptor agonist.

In the treatment or prevention of high triglyceridhemia, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I), optionally in combination with an suitable well-known active ingredient.

The compounds according to the present invention are also useful in the treatment or prevention of high cholesterol levels and in modulating HDL plasma levels, thus resulting beneficial in the treatment or prevention of the diseases related with these altered plasma levels. Examples of related diseases are hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes and related conditions. The medicaments containing at least a compound of the present invention may contain in combination at least another active ingredient effective in the treatment or prevention of the above mentioned diseases. Examples of other active ingredient are fibrates, such as clofibrate, bezafibrate and gemfibrozil and other PPAR-a agonists; inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, such as HMG-CoA

reductase inhibitors, such as statins, namely lovastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin; inhibitors of cholesterol absorption for example beta-sitosterol and (acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase) inhibitors for example melinamide; anion exchange resins for example cholestyramine, colestipol or a dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of a to cross-linked dextran; nicotinyl alcohol, nicotinic acid or a salt thereof; vitamin E; thyromimetics and L-carnitine.

The compounds of the present invention may be orally administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least a compound of formula (I) in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and/or excipient. Examples of oral pharmaceutical compositions are hard or soft capsules, tablets, including sublingual administration, ampoules, sachets, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, and the like. Alternatively, the active ingredients according to the present invention may be incorporated directly with the food of the diet. The amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that an effective dosage will be obtained. The active compounds can also be administered intranasally as, for example, liquid drops or spray.

-The tablets, pills, capsules, and the like may also contain a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin;
excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch-, alginic acid; a lubricant such as s magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin. When a dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil.

Various other materials may be present as coatings or to io modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets may be coated with shellac, sugar or both. A syrup or elixir may contain, in addition to the active ingredient, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and a flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.

15 These active compounds may also be administered parenterally. Solutions or suspensions of these active compounds can be prepared in pyrogen-free water.

The pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the 20 extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.

If desired, or deemed necessary, the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the controlled- release form. Various techniques for preparing these forms are known.

...._,._~.........,_..~... _ General reference for pharmaceutical compositions can be made to "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences Handbook", Mack Pub. N.Y. USA.

The effective dosage of active ingredient employed may vary depending on the particular compound employed, the mode of administration, the condition being treated and the severity of the condition being treated.

The compositions are formulated and administered in the same general manner as detailed below. The compounds of the present io invention can be used effectively alone or in combination with one or more additional active agents depending on the desired target therapy. Combination therapy includes administration of a single pharmaceutical dosage formulation which contains a compound of formula I and one or more additional active agents, as well as administration of a compound of formula I and each active agent in its own separate pharmaceutical dosage formulation. For example, a compound of formula I and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor can be administered to the patient together in a single oral dosage composition such as a tablet or capsule, or each agent administered in separate oral dosage formulations. Where separate dosage formulations are used, a compound of formula I and one or more additional active agents can be administered at essentially the same time, i.e., concurrently, or sequentially; combination therapy is understood to include all these regimens.

WO 99/59957 90 PCT/IT99/00126 , An example of combination treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis is wherein a compound of formula I is administered in combination with one or more of the following active agents: an antihyperlipidemic agent; a plasma HDL-raising agent; an antihypercholesterolemic agent such as a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, for example an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA synthase inhibitor, a squalene epoxidase inhibitor, or a squalene synthetase inhibitor (also known as squalene synthase inhibitor); an acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) io inhibitor such as melinamide; probucol; nicotinic acid and the salts thereof and niacinamide; a cholesterol absorption inhibitor such as beta-sitosterol; a bile acid sequestrant anion exchange resin such as cholestyramine, colestipol or dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of a cross-linked dextran; an LDL (low density lipoprotein) receptor is inducer; fibrates such as clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate, and gemfibrozil and other PPAR-a agonists, L-carnitine; vitamin B6 and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; vitamin B12; anti-oxidant vitamins such as vitamin C and E and beta carotene; a beta-blocker; an angiotensin II antagonist; an angiotensin converting 2o enzyme inhibitor; and a platelet aggregation inhibitor such as fibrinogen receptor antagonists (i.e., glycoprotein IIb/IIIa fibrinogen receptor antagonists) and aspirin. The compounds of formula I can be administered in combination with more than one additional active agent.

WO 99/59957 91 PCT/IT99/00126 _ Another example of combination therapy can be seen in treating obesity or obesity-related disorders, wherein the compounds of formula I may be effectively used in combination with for example, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentiramine and P-3 adrenergic receptor agonist agents and L-carnitine.

Another example of combination therapy can be seen in treating diabetes and related disorders wherein the compounds of formula I can be effectively used in combination with for example sulfonylureas, biguanides, a-glucosidase inhibitors, other insulin io secretogogues, insulin and glucagon-like peptides (incretins) and agonists of PPAR-y (such as thiazolidinediones or others) as well as the active agents discussed above for treating atherosclerosis.

Claims (53)

CLAIMS:
1. A compound of general formula (I):

wherein:

X+ represents N+ (R1R2R3) , wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight or branched C1-C9 alkyl, -CH=NH (NH2),-NH2 and -OH, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is different from H; or two or more R1, R2 and R3, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked, form a saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic, heterocyclic system;

Z is selected from the group consisting of -OCOOR4, -OCONHR4, -OCSNHR4, - OCSOR4 , -NHCSR4, -NHCOOR4, -NHCSOR4, -NHCONHR4, -NHCSNHR4, -NHSOR4, -NHSONHR4, -NHSO2R4, -NHSO2NHR4 and -SR4, wherein -R4 is a straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl group selected from the group consisting of ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, ethylidene, vinyl, allyl, propargyl, butylene, pentylene and any isomer thereof, wherein said alkyl or alkenyl group is optionally substituted with a group A1 selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy and heteroaryloxy, and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups are optionally substituted with one or more saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C1-C20 alkyl or alkoxy groups, a halogen atom or a combination thereof; and Y- is selected from the group consisting of -COO-, PO3H-, -OPO3H- and tetrazolate-5-yl;

with the proviso that when Z is -NHSO2R4, X+ is trimethylammonium and Y- is -COO-, then R4 is not tolyl;
a (R,S) racemic mixture thereof, a single R or S
enantiomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. A compound of general formula (I):

wherein:

X+ represents P+(R1R2R3) , wherein R1, R2 and R3, independently, or together with the phosphorus atom to which they are linked, are as defined in claim 1;

Z is selected from the group consisting of -OR4, -OCOOR4, -OCONHR4, -OCSNHR4, -OCSOR4, -NHR4, -NHCOR4, -NHCSR4, -NHCOOR4, -NHCSOR4, -NHCONHR4, -NHCSNHR4, -NHSOR4, -NHSONHR4, -NHSO2R4, -NHSO2NHR4 and -SR4, wherein -R4 represents a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C1-C20 alkyl group, optionally substituted with the group A1 as defined in claim 1; and Y- is as defined in claim 1;

a (R,S) racemic mixture thereof, a single R or S
enantiomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are methyl.
4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the heterocyclic system formed by R1, R2 and R3 together with nitrogen atom to which they are linked is selected from the group consisting of morpholinium, quinuclidinium, pyridinium, quinolinium and pyrrolidinium.
5. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R1 and R2 are H, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of -CH=NH (NH2) , -NH2 and -OH.
6. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of -NHCONHR4 and -OCONHR4, and wherein R4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C7-C20 alkyl group.
7. The compound according to claim 6, wherein R4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C9-C18 alkyl group.
8. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, selected from the group consisting of:

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R,S-4-quinuclidinium-3-(tetradecyloxycarbonyl)-oxybutyrate;

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyrate;

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonyloxycarbonyl)-oxybutyric acid chloride;

R,S-4-trimethylphosphonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-oxybutyrate;

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(octyloxycarbonyl)-aminobutyrate;

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonyloxycarbonyl)-aminobutyrate;

R,S-3-quinuclidinium-2-(tetradecyloxycarbonyl)-oxy-1-propanephosphonate monobasic;

R,S-3-trimethylammonium-2-(nonylaminocarbonyl)-oxy-1-propanephosphonate monobasic;

R,S-3-pyridinium-2-(nonylaminocarbonyl)-oxy-1-propanephosphonic acid chloride;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(tetradecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(undecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(heptylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylthiocarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(tetradecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-tetradecylaminobutyrate;
R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-octylaminobutyrate;

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(decansulfonyl)-aminobutyrate;

R,S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(nonylsulfamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(dodecansulfonyl)-aminobutyrate;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(dodecansulfonyl)-aminobutyrate;

S-4-trimethylammonium-3-(undecylsulfamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(undecylsulfamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(dodecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate;

R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(10-phenoxydecylcarbamoyl)-aminobutyrate; and R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(trans-.beta.-styrenesulfonyl)-aminobutyrate.
9. A process for the preparation of a compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Z represents -OCOOR4, OCONHR4, -OCSNHR4 or -OCSOR4, comprising: reacting a compound of general formula: X+-CH2-CH(OH) -CH2-Y-, wherein X+ and Y- are as defined in claim 1 or 2, optionally with the acid Y- group protected, with an alkyl chloroformate, an alkyl isocyanate, an alkyl isothiocyanate, or an alkyl thiochloroformate, wherein the alkyl moiety corresponds to the R4 alkyl group.
10. A process for the preparation of a compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Z represents -NHCOR4, -NHCSR4, -NHCOOR4, -NHCSOR4, -NHCONHR4, -NHCSNHR4, -NHSOR4, -NHSO2R4, -NHSONHR4 or -NHSO2NHR4, comprising: reacting a compound of general formula: X+-CH2-CH (NH2) -CH2-Y-, wherein X+ and Y- are as defined in claim 1 or 2, optionally with the acid Y- group protected, with an acyl chloride, a thioacyl chloride, an alkyl chloroformate, an alkyl thiochloroformate, an alkyl isocyanate, an alkyl thioisocyanate, an alkyl sulfinyl chloride, an alkyl sulfonyl chloride, SOCl2 and an alkyl amine, an alkyl sulfamoyl chloride, or SO2Cl2 and an alkyl amine, wherein the alkyl moiety corresponds to the R4 alkyl group.
11. A process for the preparation of a compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Z represents -OR4 or -SR4, comprising:

(a) reacting a carbonyl compound of general formula: Hal -CH2-CO-CH2-COOR', wherein Hal represents a halogen atom and R' represents the residue of an ester, with an alcohol of general formula: R4OH, or a thiol of general formula: R4SH, wherein R4 is as defined in claim 1 or 2, to give the respective ketal or thioketal;

(b) transforming the ketal or thioketal into the respective ether or thioether;

(c) substituting the Hal with a nucleosic group;
and (d) transforming the azido group into the X+ group, wherein X+ is as defined in claim 1 or 2.
12. The process according to claim 11, wherein nucleosic group is a group selected from the group consisting of azido, phthalimido, nitro, amino and alkylamino.
13. A process for the preparation of a compound according to claim 2, wherein Z is -NHR4, comprising:
reacting a compound of general formula: X+ -CH2-CH(NH2) -CH2-Y-, wherein X+ and Y- are as defined in claim 2, optionally with the acid Y- group protected, with an alkane carbaldehyde, wherein the alkyl moiety is a one-term lower homologue of the corresponding R4 alkyl group, followed by reduction.
14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or excipient.
15. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14, comprising a further active ingredient.
16. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15, wherein the further active ingredient is for the treatment of diabetes.
17. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, wherein the further active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonylurea, an L-carnitine, fibrate, an agonist of a peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-.alpha.), a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a .beta.-sitosterol inhibitor, a cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, a biguanide, a cholestyramine, an angiotensin II
antagonist, a melinamide, a nicotinic acid, a fibrinogen receptor antagonist, aspirin.TM., an .alpha.-glucosidase inhibitor, an insulin secretogogue, insulin and a glucagon-like peptide, an incretin and an agonist of PPAR-.gamma..
18. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15, wherein the other active ingredient is for the treatment of obesity.
19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18, wherein the further active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentiramine and a S-3-adrenergic receptor agonist.
20. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15, wherein the further active ingredient is for the treatment of high triglyceridemia.
21. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15, wherein the further active ingredient is for the treatment of high cholesterol levels and in modulating HDL plasma levels.
22. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a fibrate, a PPAR-.alpha. agonist, an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a statin, an inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, an acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, an anion exchange resin, a nicotinyl alcohol, a nicotinic acid or a salt thereof, vitamin E, a thyromimetic and an L-carnitine.
23. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a composition according to claim 14, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a pathology related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase.
24. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a composition according to claim 14, for the treatment of a pathology related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase.
25. The use according to claim 23 or 24, wherein said pathology is selected from the group consisting of hyperglycaemia, diabetes and a pathology related thereto, heart failure and ischemia.
26. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a composition according to claim 14, for use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a pathology related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase.
27. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a composition according to claim 14, for use in the treatment of a pathology related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase.
28. A compound, salt or composition according to claim 26 or 27, wherein said pathology is selected from the group consisting of hyperglycaemia, diabetes and a pathology related thereto, heart failure and ischemia.
29. A commercial package comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a composition according to claim 14, and associated therewith instructions for the use thereof in the treatment of a pathology related to a hyperactivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase.
30. The commercial package according to claim 29, wherein said pathology is selected from the group consisting of hyperglycaemia, diabetes and a pathology related thereto, heart failure and ischemia.
31. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 or 17, for the treatment of diabetes.
32. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 or 17, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diabetes.
33. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 or 17, for use in the treatment of diabetes.
34. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 or 17, for use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diabetes.
35. A commercial package comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 or 17, and associated therewith instructions for the use thereof in the treatment of diabetes.
36. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18 or 19, for the treatment of obesity.
37. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18 or 19, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of obesity.
38. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18 or 19, for use in the treatment of obesity.
39. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18 or 19, for use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of obesity.
40. A commercial package comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18 or 19, and associated therewith instructions for the use thereof in the treatment of obesity.
41. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 or 22, for the treatment of high cholesterol levels and a related disease.
42. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 or 22, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of high cholesterol levels and a related disease.
43. The use according to claim 41 or 42, for the treatment of hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes and a related condition.
44. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 or 22, for use in the treatment of high cholesterol levels and a related disease.
45. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 or 22, for use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of high cholesterol levels and a related disease.
46. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 44 or 45, for the treatment of hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes and a related condition.
47. A commercial package comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 or 22, and associated therewith instructions for the use thereof in the treatment of high cholesterol levels and a related disease.
48. The commercial package according to claim 47, wherein the instructions are for the use thereof in the treatment of hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes and a related condition.
49. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20, for the treatment of high triglyceridemia.
50. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of high triglyceridemia.
51. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20, for use in the treatment of high triglyceridemia.
52. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20, for use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of high triglyceridemia.
53. A commercial package comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20, and associated therewith instructions for the use thereof in the treatment of high triglyceridemia.
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