CA2326505A1 - Process for preparing 4-hydroxy indole, indazole and carbazole compounds - Google Patents
Process for preparing 4-hydroxy indole, indazole and carbazole compounds Download PDFInfo
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- CA2326505A1 CA2326505A1 CA002326505A CA2326505A CA2326505A1 CA 2326505 A1 CA2326505 A1 CA 2326505A1 CA 002326505 A CA002326505 A CA 002326505A CA 2326505 A CA2326505 A CA 2326505A CA 2326505 A1 CA2326505 A1 CA 2326505A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/08—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C313/00—Sulfinic acids; Sulfenic acids; Halides, esters or anhydrides thereof; Amides of sulfinic or sulfenic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfinic or sulfenic groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C313/02—Sulfinic acids; Derivatives thereof
- C07C313/04—Sulfinic acids; Esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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Abstract
A process for preparing 4-hydroxy indoles and 4-hydroxy carbozoles useful as intermediates for preparing compounds that are useful for inhibiting SPLA2 and novel intermediates.
Description
PROCESS FOR PREPARING 4-HYDROXY INDOLE, INDAZOLE AND
C:ARBAZOLE COMPOUNDS
This invention relates to a process for preparing certain 4-hydroxy indole, indazole and 4-hydroxy carbozole compounds useful as intermediates for preparing compounds useful for inhibiting sPLA2 mediated release of fatty acids for conditions such as septic shock.
Certain 1H-:indole-3-glyoxamides are known to be potent and selective .inhibitors of mammalian sPLA2 useful for treating diseases,. such as septic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pancreatitis, trauma, bronchial asthma, allf~rgic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis and related sPLA2 induced diseases. EPO publication No.
0675110, far example, discloses such compounds.
Various patE~nts and publications describe processes for making l.hese compounds using 4-hydroxy indole intermediates.
The article,, "Recherches en serie indolique. VI
sur tryptamines substituees", by Marc Julia, Jean Igolen and Hanne Igolen, Bull. Sor_. Chim. France, 1962, pp. 1060-1068, describes certain indole-3-glyoxylamides and their conversion to tryptamine derivatives.
The article,. "2-Aryl-3-Indoleglyoxylamides (FGIN-1): A New Class of Potent and Specific Ligands for the Mitochondrial DBI Receptor (MDR)" by E. Romeo, et al., The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 262, No. 3, (pp. 971-978) describes certain 2-aryl-3-indolglyoxylamides having research applications in mammalian central nervous systems.
The abstraci~, "Fragmentation of N-benzylindoles in Mass Spectrometry"; Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 67, 1967, 73028h, reports various benzyl substituted phenols including WO 99/54295 PC1'/US99/08261 those having glyoxy:Lamide groups at the 3 position of the indole nucleus.
U.S. Patent No. 3,449,363 describes trifluoromethylindo:Les having glyoxylamide groups at the 3 position of the indole nucleus.
U.S. Patent No. 3,351,630 describes alpha-substituted 3-indolyl acetic acid compounds and their preparation inclusive of glyoxylamide intermediates.
U.S. Patent No. 2,825,734 describes the preparation of 3-(2--amino-1-hydroxyethyl)indoles using 3-indoieglyoxylamide :intermediates such as 1-phenethyl-2-ethyl-6-carboxy-N-propyl-3-indoleglyoxylamide (see, Example 30) .
U.S. Patent No. 4,397,850 prepares isoxazolyl indolamines using g:Lyoxylamide indoles as intermediates.
U.S. Patent No. 3,801,594 describes analgesics prepared using 3-indoleglyoxylamide intermediates.
The artic:Le, "No. 565. - Inhibiteurs d'enzymes.
XII. - Preparation de (propargylamino-2 ethyl)-3 indoles" by A. Alemanhy, E. Fernandez Alvarez, 0. Nieto Lopey and M.E.
Rubio Herraez; Bulletin De La Societe Chimique De France, 1974, No. 12, pp. 2883-2888, describes various indolyl-3 glyoxamides which a:re hydrogen substituted on the 6-membered ring of the indole nucleus.
The article "Indol-Umlagerung von 1-Diphenylamino-2,3-dihydro-2,3-pyr:rolidonen" by Gert Kollenz and Christa Labes; Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1975, pp. 1979-1983, describes phenyl substituted :3-glyoxylamides.
Many of these processes employ a 4-hydroxy indole intermediate. For example U.S. Patent No. 5,654,326 U.S., herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses a process for preparing 4-substituted-1H-indole-3-glyoxamide derivatives comprising reacting an appropriately substituted 4-methoxyindole (prepared as described by Clark, R.D. et al., Synthesis, 199:1, pp 871-878, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference) with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide at~ room temperature (20-25°C) then treating with arylmethyl halide at ambient temperatures to give the 1-arylmethylindole which is 0-demethylated using boron tribromide in methylene chloride (Tsung-Ying Shem and Charles A. Winter, Adv. Drug Res., 1977, 12, 176, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference) to give the 4-hydroxyindole. Alkylation of the hydroxy indole is achieved with an alpha bromoalkanoic acid ester in dimethylformamide uaing sodium hydride as a base.
Conversion to the g:Lyoxamide is achieved by reacting the oc-[(indol-9-yl)oxy]allcanoic acid ester first with oxalyl chloride, then with ammonia, followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide in methanol.
The proceas for preparing 4-substituted-1H-indole-3-glyoxamide derivatives, as set forth above, has utility.
However, this proceas uses expensive reagents and environmentally hazardous organic solvents, produces furan containing by-products and results in a relatively low yield of desired product.
In an alt~arnate preparation an appropriately substituted propronylacetate is halogenated with sulfuryl chloride. The halogenated intermediate is hydrolyzed and decarboxylated by treatment with hydrochloric acid then reacted with an appropriately substituted cyclohexane dione.
Treatment of the alkylated dione with an appropriate amine affords a 4-keto-indole which is oxidized by refluxing in a high-boiling polar :hydrocarbon solvent such as carbitol in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium on carbon, to prepare the 4-hydro:xyindole which may then be alkylated and converted to the desired glyoxamide as described above.
C:ARBAZOLE COMPOUNDS
This invention relates to a process for preparing certain 4-hydroxy indole, indazole and 4-hydroxy carbozole compounds useful as intermediates for preparing compounds useful for inhibiting sPLA2 mediated release of fatty acids for conditions such as septic shock.
Certain 1H-:indole-3-glyoxamides are known to be potent and selective .inhibitors of mammalian sPLA2 useful for treating diseases,. such as septic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pancreatitis, trauma, bronchial asthma, allf~rgic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis and related sPLA2 induced diseases. EPO publication No.
0675110, far example, discloses such compounds.
Various patE~nts and publications describe processes for making l.hese compounds using 4-hydroxy indole intermediates.
The article,, "Recherches en serie indolique. VI
sur tryptamines substituees", by Marc Julia, Jean Igolen and Hanne Igolen, Bull. Sor_. Chim. France, 1962, pp. 1060-1068, describes certain indole-3-glyoxylamides and their conversion to tryptamine derivatives.
The article,. "2-Aryl-3-Indoleglyoxylamides (FGIN-1): A New Class of Potent and Specific Ligands for the Mitochondrial DBI Receptor (MDR)" by E. Romeo, et al., The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 262, No. 3, (pp. 971-978) describes certain 2-aryl-3-indolglyoxylamides having research applications in mammalian central nervous systems.
The abstraci~, "Fragmentation of N-benzylindoles in Mass Spectrometry"; Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 67, 1967, 73028h, reports various benzyl substituted phenols including WO 99/54295 PC1'/US99/08261 those having glyoxy:Lamide groups at the 3 position of the indole nucleus.
U.S. Patent No. 3,449,363 describes trifluoromethylindo:Les having glyoxylamide groups at the 3 position of the indole nucleus.
U.S. Patent No. 3,351,630 describes alpha-substituted 3-indolyl acetic acid compounds and their preparation inclusive of glyoxylamide intermediates.
U.S. Patent No. 2,825,734 describes the preparation of 3-(2--amino-1-hydroxyethyl)indoles using 3-indoieglyoxylamide :intermediates such as 1-phenethyl-2-ethyl-6-carboxy-N-propyl-3-indoleglyoxylamide (see, Example 30) .
U.S. Patent No. 4,397,850 prepares isoxazolyl indolamines using g:Lyoxylamide indoles as intermediates.
U.S. Patent No. 3,801,594 describes analgesics prepared using 3-indoleglyoxylamide intermediates.
The artic:Le, "No. 565. - Inhibiteurs d'enzymes.
XII. - Preparation de (propargylamino-2 ethyl)-3 indoles" by A. Alemanhy, E. Fernandez Alvarez, 0. Nieto Lopey and M.E.
Rubio Herraez; Bulletin De La Societe Chimique De France, 1974, No. 12, pp. 2883-2888, describes various indolyl-3 glyoxamides which a:re hydrogen substituted on the 6-membered ring of the indole nucleus.
The article "Indol-Umlagerung von 1-Diphenylamino-2,3-dihydro-2,3-pyr:rolidonen" by Gert Kollenz and Christa Labes; Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1975, pp. 1979-1983, describes phenyl substituted :3-glyoxylamides.
Many of these processes employ a 4-hydroxy indole intermediate. For example U.S. Patent No. 5,654,326 U.S., herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses a process for preparing 4-substituted-1H-indole-3-glyoxamide derivatives comprising reacting an appropriately substituted 4-methoxyindole (prepared as described by Clark, R.D. et al., Synthesis, 199:1, pp 871-878, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference) with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide at~ room temperature (20-25°C) then treating with arylmethyl halide at ambient temperatures to give the 1-arylmethylindole which is 0-demethylated using boron tribromide in methylene chloride (Tsung-Ying Shem and Charles A. Winter, Adv. Drug Res., 1977, 12, 176, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference) to give the 4-hydroxyindole. Alkylation of the hydroxy indole is achieved with an alpha bromoalkanoic acid ester in dimethylformamide uaing sodium hydride as a base.
Conversion to the g:Lyoxamide is achieved by reacting the oc-[(indol-9-yl)oxy]allcanoic acid ester first with oxalyl chloride, then with ammonia, followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide in methanol.
The proceas for preparing 4-substituted-1H-indole-3-glyoxamide derivatives, as set forth above, has utility.
However, this proceas uses expensive reagents and environmentally hazardous organic solvents, produces furan containing by-products and results in a relatively low yield of desired product.
In an alt~arnate preparation an appropriately substituted propronylacetate is halogenated with sulfuryl chloride. The halogenated intermediate is hydrolyzed and decarboxylated by treatment with hydrochloric acid then reacted with an appropriately substituted cyclohexane dione.
Treatment of the alkylated dione with an appropriate amine affords a 4-keto-indole which is oxidized by refluxing in a high-boiling polar :hydrocarbon solvent such as carbitol in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium on carbon, to prepare the 4-hydro:xyindole which may then be alkylated and converted to the desired glyoxamide as described above.
This process however is limited by the required high temperature oxidation and requires recovery of a precious metal catalyst.
While the methods described above for preparing the 4-hydroxy indole intermediate are satisfactory, a more efficient transformation is desirable.
The present invention provides an improved process for preparing 4-hydroxy-indole intermediates. The process of the present invention can be performed with inexpensive, readily available, reagents under milder conditions. In addition, the present process allows for transformation with a wider variety of substituents on the indole platform.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and the appended claims.
The present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of the formula I
R~
(Ray / ~ /y N I
i R
wherein:
Y is -CRQ or -N-;
R9 is H, - (C,-C6) alkyl or when taken together with RZ forms a cyclohexeny ring R2 is non-interfering substituent;
R3 is a non-interfering substituent;
m is 1-3 both inclusive; and R' is selected from groups (a) , (b) and (c) where;
While the methods described above for preparing the 4-hydroxy indole intermediate are satisfactory, a more efficient transformation is desirable.
The present invention provides an improved process for preparing 4-hydroxy-indole intermediates. The process of the present invention can be performed with inexpensive, readily available, reagents under milder conditions. In addition, the present process allows for transformation with a wider variety of substituents on the indole platform.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and the appended claims.
The present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of the formula I
R~
(Ray / ~ /y N I
i R
wherein:
Y is -CRQ or -N-;
R9 is H, - (C,-C6) alkyl or when taken together with RZ forms a cyclohexeny ring R2 is non-interfering substituent;
R3 is a non-interfering substituent;
m is 1-3 both inclusive; and R' is selected from groups (a) , (b) and (c) where;
(a) is - (C1-CZ°) alkyl, - (CZ-C2°) alkenyl, - (CZ-Cz°) alkynyl, carbocyclic radicals, or heterocyclic radicals, or (b) is a memeber of (a) substituted with one or more independently selected non-interfering substituents; or (c) is the group - (L) -Rg°; where, (L) -is a divalent linking group of 1 to 12 atoms selected from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
wherein the combination of atoms in -(L)- are selected from the group consisting of (i) carbon and hydrogen only, (ii) one sulfur only, (iii) one oxygen only, (iv) one or two nitrogen and hydrogen only, (v) carbon, hydrogen, and one sulfur only, and (vi) an carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only; and where RR° is a group selected from (a) or (b) ;
which process comprises oxidizing a compound of formula III
R
(Rs)m m R III
O
by heating with a base and a compound of the formula RJX
where R is - (C1-C6) alkyl or aryl and X is - (C,-C6) alkoxy, halo or -OCOZ (C1-C6) alkyl .
The invention provides in addition novel 2 R~X
5 reagents of the formula where R is -(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl; and X is -OCO, (C1-C6) alkyl provided that when X is -OCOZCH3, R .
cannot be tolulyl.
The present invention provides, in addition novel intermediates of the formula C
R~ R2 (:R3)m wherein:
R is -(Cl-C6)alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, Y is -CR9 or -N-;
R" is H, - (C,-C6) alkyl or when taken together with RZ forms a cyclohexeny ring Rz is non-interfering substituent;
R3 is a non-interfering substituent;
m is 1-3; and R' is selected from groups (a} , (b) and (c) where;
(a) is - (C,-CZ°) alkyl, - (C2-C2°) alkenyl, - (Cz-CZ°) alkynyl, carbocyclic radicals, or heterocyclic radicals, or (b) is a memeb~er of (a) substituted with one or more independently selected non-interfering substituents; or (c) is the group -(L)-Re°; where, (L)-is a divalent linking o~roup of 1 to 12 atoms selected from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
wherein t:he combination of atoms in -(L)- are selected from the group consisting of (i) carbon and hydrogen only, (ii) one sulfur only, (iii) one oxygen only, (iv) one or two nitrogen and hydrogen -only, (v) carbon, hydrogen, and one sulfur only, and (vi) an carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only; and where R~° is a group selected from (a) or (b) .
Such intermediates are useful for preparing compounds useful for inhibiting sPLAz mediated release of fatty acids for conditions sur_h. as septic shock.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and the appended claims.
The compounds of the invention employ certain defining terms as follows:
As used herein, the term, "alkyl" by itself or as part of another substituent means, unless otherwise defined, a straight or branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tertiary butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl tert butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopenty~., heptyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, t:ridecyl, tetradecyl and the like. The term "alkyl" includes - (C1-C2) alkyl, - (-C:4) alkyl, - (Cl-C6) alkyl, - (C5-C14) alkyl, and -(C1-C10)alkyl.
The term "alkenyl" as used herein represents an olefinically unsaturated branched or linear group having at least one double bond. Examples of such groups include radicals such as vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 5-heptenyl, 6-heptenyl as well as dimes and trienes of straight and branched chains.
The term "alkynyl" denotes such radicals as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl as well as di- and tri-ynes.
_g_ The term "(Cl-C10) alkoxy", as used herein, denotes a group such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butox:y, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxyl, heptox:y, hexoxy, octoxy, nonoxy, decoxy and like groups, attached to the remainder of the molecule by the oxygen atom. The term (C,-Clo) alkoxy includes (C1 C6) alkoxy.
The term "halo" means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
The term "aryl" means a group having the ring structure characteristic of benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, phenanthrene, anthracene,etc. 'The aryl group may be optionally substituted with 1 too 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of (C1-C;~) alkyl (preferably methyl) , (C1-C6)alkoxy or halo (preferable fluorine or chlorine).
The term, "heterocyclic radical", refers to radicals derived from monocyclic or polycyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic nuclei having 5 to 14 ring atoms and containing from 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Typical heterocyclic radicals are pyridyl, thienyl, i=luorenyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, phenylimidazolyl, triazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolvl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, norharrnanyl, azaindolyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, th_Lanaphtheneyl, dibenzothiophenyl, indazolyl, imidazo(1.2-A)pyridinyl, benzotriazolyl, anthranilyl, 1,2-bf~nzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, purinyl, pryidinyl, dipyridylyl, phenylpyridinyl, bc~nzylpyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenylpyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, quinolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, and quinoxalinyl.
The term "carbocyclic radical" refers to radicals derived from a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 14 membered organic nucleus whose ring forming atoms (other than hydrogen) are solely carbon atoms.
Typical carbocyclic radicals are cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, norbornanyl, bicycloheptadienyl, tolulyl, xylenyl, indenyl, stilbenyl, terphenylyl, diphenylethylenyl, phenylcyclohexeyl, acenaphthylenyl, and anthracenyl, biphenyl, bibenzylyl and related bibenzylyl homologues represented by the formula (bb), (CHI) '~ ~ ~ (bb) where n is an integ~=_r from 1 to 8.
The term, "non-interfering substituent", refers to hydrogen, - (Cl-C14 ) alkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl, - (C2-C6) alkynyl, -(C~-C12)aralkyl, -(C~-C12)alkaryl, -(C3-Cg)cycloalkyl, -(C3-Cg)cycloalkeny:l, phenyl, tolulyl, xylenyl, biphenyl, - (Cl-C6) alkoxy, - (C2-C6) alkenyloxy, - (C2-C6) alkynyloxy, -(C1-C12}alkoxyalky:l, -(Cl-C12)alkoxyalkyloxy, -(C1-C12)alkylcarbonyl, -(C1-C12)alkylcarbonylamino, -(C1-C12)alkoxyamino, -(Cl-C12)alkoxyaminocarbonyl, -(C1-C12)alkylamino, -(C1-C6)alkylthio, - (C1-C12) alkylthiocarbonyl, - (C1-C6) alkylsulfinyl, - (Cl-C6) alkyl.sulfon:yl, - (C1-C6) haloalkoxy, - (C1-C6) haloalkylsu:lfonyl, - (Cl-C6) haloalkyl, - (C1-Cg) hydroxyalky:l, - (CH2 ) nCN, - (CH2) nNR9R10, -C (0) 0 (Cl-C6alkyl) , - (CH2) n0 (C1-C6 alkyl) , benzyloxy, phenoxy, phenylthio; - (CONHS02) R'S, where R'S is - (C1-C6) alkyl; -CFA , naphthyl or - (CHz) t;phenyl where s is 0-5;
-CHO, -CF;, -OCF3, ~>yridyl, amino, amidino, halo, carbamyl, carboxyl, carbalkoxy, -(CH2)nC02H, cyano, cyanoguanidinyl, guanidino, hydrazide, hydrazino, hydrazido, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, vitro, phosphono, -S03H, thioacetal, thiocarbonyl, furyl, thiophenyl -COR9, -CONR9R1°, -NR9R"', -NCHCOR9, -SOZR9, -UR9, -SR9, CH?50~R'3, tetrazolyl or tetrazolyl subs tituted with - (C1-C6) alkyl, phenyl or - (C1-Cq) alkylphenyl, - (C13~) "OSi (C1-C°) alkyl and (Cl-C6)alkylcarbonyl; where n is from 1 to 8 and R9 and R'' are independently hydrogen, -CF3, phenyl, - (C1-C9) alkyl, - (CI-CQ) al kylphenyl or -phenyl (C,-C~) alkyl.
A preferred group of compounds of formula I
prepared by the process of the instant invention are those wherein:
Y is CR' where RQ :i~; H or when taken together with R' forms a cyclohexenyl ring;
R3 is H, -0 (C1-C4) alkyl, halo, - (C1-C6) alkyl, phenyl, - (C,-Cg) alkylphenyl; phenyl substituted with - (C;-C6) alkyl, halo, or -CF3; -CHZOSi (C1-C6) alkyl, furyl, thiophenyl, -(C1-C6) hydroxyalkyl, - (C1-Cs) alkoxy (C,-C6) alkyl, - (C;-C6) alkoxy (C1-C5) alkenyl; or - (CHZ) "RB where R8 is H, -CONH~, -NR9R'°, -CN or phenyl where R9 and R'° are independently hydrogen, -CF;, phenyl, - (C,-CQ) alkyl, (C1-CQ) alkylphenyl or -phenyl (C1-CQ) alkyl and n is 1 to 8 ; and Rl is H, - (C5-C14) alkyl, - (C3-C14) cycloalkyl, pyridyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted with from 1-5 substituents selected from the group consisting of -(C,-C6)alkyl, halo, -CF3, -OCF3 , - (C1-Cq) alkoxy, -CN, - (C1-Cq) alkylthio, phenyl (C1-CQ) alkyl, - (C1-Cg) alkylphenyl, phenyl, phenox:y, -OR9; where R9 and Rl° are independently hydrogen, -CF3, phenyl, - (C1-C4) alkyl, -(C,-C~) alkylphenyl or -phenyl (C,-CQ) alkyl; tetrazole;
tetrazole substituted with - (C,-C9) alkyl or - (C,-Cq ) alkylphenyl;~ or naphthyl .
The process of the present invention provides an improved method for synthesizing the compounds of formula I
using inexpensive, readily available reagents as shown in Scheme I as follows.
Scheme I
RS
1 ) base (Rs)~ 2)RII (R.
R
(III) (II) Rz (R3) (I) Ketone (III) is dissolved in a suitable solvent preferably an aprotic solvent such as THF. Other suitable solvents include but are not limited to DMF, dioxane, or toluene.
The substrate/solvent solution may be sonicated or heated slightly, if necessary to facilitate dissolution.
The amount of solvent used should be sufficient to ensure that all compounds stay in solution until the desired reaction is complete.
The solution is treated with a base, preferably a strong base such as sodium hydride, then with a sulfinating R~X
agent of the formula where R is -(C,-C6)alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl and X is (C1-C6) alkoxy, halo or -OCOZ (C~-C6)alkyl. The sulf:inating reagent may be prepared according to the procedure of J.W. Wilt et al., J. Org. Chem, 1967, 32, 2097. Preferred sulfinating agents include methyl p-tolyl sulfinate, methylbenzene sulfinate or p-toluylsulfinic isobutyric anhydride. Other suitable bases include but are not limited to LDA, sodium methoxide, or potassium methoxide. Preferably two equivalents of base are used.
Preferably, when sodium hydride is employed, the base is added before the sulfinating reagent. The order of addition of reagents is not important when sodium methoxide is used.
The reaction may be conducted at temperatures from about 25°C to reflu:~, preferably at reflux and is substantially complete in from one to 24 hours.
The amount of sulfinating reagent is not critical, however, the reaction is best accomplished using a molar equivalent or excess relative to the starting material (III) .
The above reactions may be run as a "one pot"
process with the reactants added to the reaction vessel in the order given above, preferably with an acid quench of the base prior to reflux.
Dioxane is a preferred solvent in a "one part"
process. THF and toluene, respectively, are preferred solvents if a "two pot" process is employed.
The intermediate (II) can be isolated and purified using standard crystalization or chromatographic procedures.
Standard analytical techniques such as TLC or HPLC
can be used to monitor the reactions in order to determine when the starting materials and intermediates are converted to product.
In an alternate preparation, the sulfinating reagent can be replaced with a disulfide compound of the formula RZ°SSRZ°~wherEa RZ° is alkyl or aryl. Oxidation of the sulfide intermediate can then be readily achieved using an appropriate oxidizing reagent such as hydrogen peroxide or m-chloroperbenzoic acid.
It will be readily appreciated by the skilled artisan that the starting materials for all of the above procedures are either commercially available or can be readily prepared by known techniques from commercially available starting materials. For example, when X is N, starting material (1) can be prepared according to the procedure of Peet, N~.P., et al,. Heterocycles, Vol. 32, No.
1, 1991, 41.
When Y is -CHZR", starting material V, is prepared according to the following procedure.
C r. l., r"n r. T T
$ $
R ~O~~Rv o ----~ R ~0 R3 0 X Cl IX
O Rso Cl~R3 0 O
VIII VII VI
~R3 0 R 3 //~~''N
V
WO 99/54295 PC'T/US99/08261 R$ is - (C1-C6) alkyl or aryl R~° is H or - (C,-C6) alkyl An appropriately substituted propionyl acetate X
is first halogenated by treatment with sulfuryl chloride, preferably at equimolar concentrations relative to the starting material, a t temperatures of from about 0°C to 25°C, preferably less than 15°C, to prepare IX.
Hydrolysis and decarboxylation of IX is achieved by refluxing with an aqueous acid, such as hydrochloric acid, for from about= 1 to 24 hours. The solution containing the decarboxylated product VIII is neutralized to adjust the pH to about 7.0-7.5,, then reacted with cyclohexanedione VII
(preferably at equimolar concentrations) and a base, preferably sodium hydroxide, to yield the triketone monohydrate VI as a precipitate which may be purified and isolated, if desired. The reaction is preferably conducted at temperatures of :From -20°C to ambient temperatures and is substantially complete in about 1 to 24 hours.
The above .reactions are preferably run as a "one pot" process with the reactants added to the reaction vessel in the order given above. Preferably, the reaction is allowed to proceed without isolating compounds of formula IX
or VIII, thus avoiding exposure to these volatile lachrymators.
Preparation of V is achieved by refluxing VI in a high boiling non-polar solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, preferably toluene, with an equimolar quantity of an amine of the formula R1NH2, where R1 is as defined above.
When R1 is hydrogen, hexamethyldisilazane or ammonia may be used.
Solvents with a boiling point of at least 100°C
are preferred, such as toluene, xylene, cymene, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane o:r mesitylene, thus eliminating the need for a pressure reaci~or. Sufficient solvent should be employed to ensure i~hat all compounds stay in solution until the reaction is substantially complete in about 1 to 24 hours.
The following examples further illustrate the process of the present invention. The examples also illustrate the prepa ration of the intermediate compounds of this invention. The=_ examples are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Preparation 1 1-Benzyl-2-et:hyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole benzylam o toluene A. Preparation of 2-(2-oxobutyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione Methyl propionylacetate (130.158, 1.0 mol) is placed into a 2L Morton flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet and thermocouple. External cooling is applied until the internal temperature is 10°C. Sulfuryl chloride (1358, 1.0 mol) is added dropwise at a rate to maintain the temperature <15°C. When chromatographic analysis indicaets the total conversion to the desired chloro-compound 1M HCl (205 mL) is then added, and the reaction mixture is stirred at reflux for 18 hours. After cooling to room temperature, 4N NaOH is added to adjust the pH tc 7.0 to 7.5. Cyclohexanedione (112.138, 1.0 mol) is added and the mixture is cooled in an ice bath. Then, 5N
NaOH (200mL, 1.0 mol) is added dropwise and the reaction is stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The resulting thick precipitate is filtered, rinsed with water), and dried in vacuo to yield the subtitled triketone monohydrate.
B. Preparation of 1-Benzyl-2-ethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole The compound of Part A, above (1000gms, 4.995moles) was suspended in toluene (6000m1, 6vo1). The mixture was warmed to 85°C and stirred for 5 minutes.
Benzylamine (562.6gms, 5.25moles, 1.05eq) was added dropwise over about 30-45 minutes. Following the addition, the mixture turned to an amber colored solution. Heat was applied to the solution and water was azeotroped off until the reaction temperature reached 110°C. The reaction was allowed to stir ate 110°C for 2 hours at which time about 4000 mls of solvent was distilled off at atmospheric pressure. The so=Lution was transferred to a Buchi flask and further evaporated to an amber viscous oil.
Example 1 Preparation of 1-Benzyl-2-ethyl-4-hydroxyindole The compound of Preparation 1 (0.5 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (2.5 mL). Sodium hydride (0.18 g, 4.5 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.49 g, 3.2 mmol) was added. The mixture was warmed until the color changed to pink. The heat source was removed and the color of the mixture darkened from pink to red as gas evolution was observed. Thin layer chromotography indicated complete consumption of starting material (diastereomeric sulfoxides, Rf 0.13, 0.19; 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate).
After 1 hour, dioxame (2.5 mL) was added, followed by acetic acid (0.26 mL, 4.5 mmol). The purple slurry was refluxed for 2 hours at which time the sulfoxides were no longer observed by thin 7_ayer chromotography . The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give a red oil. Column chromatography with loo ethyl acetate in hexane provided 0.39 g of a yellow solid. (79% yield) Elemental Analysis for CI~H1-,NO
Theory: C, 81.24, H, 6.82, N, 5.57 Found: C, 81.13, H, 6.80, N, 5.81.
Example 2 Preparation of 1-Benzyl-2-ethyl-4-hydroxyindole A. The compound of Preparation 1 (0.5 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2.5 mL). Sodium hydride (0.18 g, 4.5 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.49 g, 3.2 mmol) was added. After 15 minutes, the color of the mixture darkened to red as gas evolution was observed. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour.
Thin Layer Chromotography indicated complete consumption of starting material (diastereomeric sulfoxides, Rf 0.13, 0.19; 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was quenched with water, stirred for 5 minutes, and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give a brown oil. The oil was dissolved in dioxane (5 mL) and refluxed for 2 hours at which time the sulfoxides were na longer observed by thin layer chromatography. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give a red oil. Column chromatography with lOg ethyl acetate in hexane provided 0.40 g of a yellow solid. (80o yield) Example 3 Preparation of 9-benzyl-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy carbazole A. Preparation of 9-benzyl-4-hydroxy-6-oxy carbazole A solution of N-benzyl anisidine (2.1 g, 11 mmol), 1,3-cyclohexadione (1.23 g, 11. mmol) and catalytic p-toluenesulfonic acid in 250 mL toluene was heated to reflux for 2 h with removal of water by codistillation. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. A dichloromethane solution of the residue was loaded on florisil. and the product was eluted with a 1-30 methanol in dichloromethane. The eluent was concentrated and the resulting material (3.10 g) was dissolved in 250 mL
acetonitrile. Palladium (II) acetate (2.7 g) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The mixture was cooled and concentrated. A dichloromethane suspension of the mixture was loaded on florisil and the product was eluted with a 1-3°s methanol in dichloromethane. Additional purification of the product was accomplished by silica gel chromatography (1-3o methanol in dichloromethane) to give 800 mg of the desired product. Recrystallization from dichloromethane/ethanol provided an analytically pure sample.
Elemental Analysis for C2pHlgN O2:
Calculated: C, 78.66; H, 6.27; N 4.59.
Found: C, 78.90; H, 6.34; N, 4.55.
B. Preparation of 9-benzyl-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy carbazole The compound of part A, above (0.2 g, 0.65 mmol), was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL). Sodium hydride (0.06 g, 1.5 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.16 g, 1 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the brown mixture was warmed until gas evolution was sustained. The mixture became a thick paste.
tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added and the resultant slurry was refluxed for 20 minutes. TLC indicated consumption of starting material (diastereomeric sulfoxides, Rf 0.1, 0.14;
1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was quenched with water, stirred for 5 minutes, and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give an orange oil. The oil was dissolved in dioxane (5 mL) a:nd refluxed for 1 hour at which time the sulfoxides were no longer observed by thin layer chromatography. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated. Column chromatography with 80$ chloroform in hexane to 100%
chloroform provided 0.13 g of an amber solid. (65o yield) Thin layer chromatography Rf 0.27 (20% EtOAc in hexane);
Elemental Analyses for C2oH1-,NOz Calculated: C, 79.19; H, 5.65; N, 9.62;
Found: C, 79.43; H, 5.62; N, 4.67.
-2.0-Example 4 Preparation of 1-(3-chlorophenyl(methyl))-4-hydroxyindole ' 1. NaH
N _-.. .-.. N
c.
'' Reflux ci ~ 2. ~..,.ocH, ci 1-(3-chl.orobenzyl)-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole was prepared from 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indol-4-one and 3-chlorobenzylbromide using methodology common to the art.
The pyrrole (0.5 g, 1.9 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2.5 mL). Sodium hydride (0.18 g, 4.4 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.48 g, 3.1 mmol) was added. The color of the mixture darkened to red as gas evolution was observed. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Thin layer chromatography indicated complete consumption of starting material (sulfoxides, Rf 0.11; 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was quenched with water, stirred for 10 minutes, and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evapora.t:ed to give an orange oil. The oil was dissolved in dioxan.e (5 mL) and refluxed for 3 hours at which time the sulfoxides were no longer observed by thin layer chromatography. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and a solution of lithium hydroxide (85 mg) in water (2 mL) way; added. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was di~;solved in chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give an orange oil. Column chromatography with 20o ethyl acetate in hexane provided 0.41 g of a yellow solid. (81o yield) TLC
Rf 0.28 (20o EtOAc in hexane) ; 'H NMR (CDClj) : d 7.30 (d, J
- 8.2, 1 H) , 7.24 (1., J = 7. 8, 1 H) , 7. 18 (s, 1 H) , 7. 11 (t, J = 7. 9, 1 H) , 7. 07 (d, J = 3.2, 1 H) , 6. 98 (d, J = 7. 6, 1 H) , 6. 92 (d, J = 8.3, 1 H) , 6.75 (d, J = 3. 3, 1 H) , 6. 63 (d, J = 7. 6, 1 H) , 6.01 (s, 1 H) , 5.24 (s, 2 H) .
Elemental Analyses for C15H12NOC1:
Calculated: C,, 69.91; H, 4.69; N, 5.43; C1, 13.76 Found: C,. 69.75; H, 4.64; N, 5.30; Cl, 14.05.
Example 5 Preparation of l.-phenyl-3-methyl-4-hydroxy indazole O C~ OH C
~N 1. NaH ~ I ~N
N 2. ~ reflux \ N
w S.OC~ /
Starting material 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-oxo-9,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole (0.2 g, 0.9 mmol, prepared as described by Peet, N. P.; LeTourneau, M. E. Heterocycles 1991, 32, 41, was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL). Sodium hydride (0.07 g, 1.6 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.17 g, 1.1 mmol) was added. The color of the mixture changed to pink as gas evolution was observed.
The mixture was stirred for 45 minutes. Thin layer chromatograhy indicated complete consumption of starting material (sulfoxides, Rf 0.27, 0.33; 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was quenched with water, stirred for 1 hour, arid diluted with dichloromethane. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give an orange oil. The oil was dissolved in dioxane (2 mL) and refluxed for 1 hour at which time the sulfoxides were no longer observed by TLC. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and a solution of lithium hydroxide (38 mg) in water (2 mL) was added. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give an orange solid. Column chromatography with 20% ethyl acetate in hexane provided 0.14 g of a white solid. (70~ yield) TLC Rf 0.25 (200 EtOAc in hexane);
Elemental Analysis for C14H12N20:
Calculated: C, 74.98; H, 5.39; N, 12,48; O, 7.13;
Found: C, 75.17; H, 5.65; N, 12.28; O, 7.32.
Example 6 Preparation of 4-hydroxy-9-methyl carbazole 7_ . NaH heat - --a 2. ArSO~Me Cj-A suspension of 9-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (prepared by the methods described by Osuka, A.; Mori, Y.; Suzuki, H. Chem. Lett. 1982, 2031-2034;
and Elz, S.; Heil, W.. L. Biorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1995, 5, 667 ) . ( 0 . 20 g, 1 . 0 nu:nol ) in 3 mL tetrahydrofuran was sonicated and heated to 50 C. Sodium hydride (60%
dispersion in mineral oil; 0.07 g, 1.8 mmol) was added in one portion. Sonication and heating was continued for 1 hour and then methyl phenylsulfinate (0.2 g, 1.2 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was diluted after 3 hours with tetrahydrofuran and water to give a homogenous solution. The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation and the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic layer was washed with sodium bicarbonate and brine and then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in dioxane and heated to reflux for 1 hour.
The mixture was concentrated and partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic fraction was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography (20%
EtOAc, hexanes) to 0.075 g of the desired product (38%).
TLC R.f = 0.49 (20% ethyl acetate, hexanes); 13C NMR (CDC13) d 151.5, 142.6, 140.1, 126.0, 124.6, 122.4, 121.5, 118.8, 110.?, 107.7, 104.6, 101.0, 28.9; mass spectrum, m/z (FD, M+1) 198.
Example 7 Preparation of 1--phenylmethyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl indole OH
1) NaH heat 2) ArS02Me H C ~ I N
To a so_Lution of the 1-phenylmethyl-4-oxo-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tet=rahydroindole (l.Og, 3.5 mmol) in 5 mL
tetrahydrofuran was added NaH (0.3 g, 7.5 mmol) in portions.
The resulting mixture was stirred 10 min and methyl phenylsulfinate (0.7 g, 4.5 mmol) was added in one portion.
The mixture was stirred for 45 minutes and then warmed (35 -45 C) for 30 minutes. Water (5 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. The intermediate sul_foxide was extracted with toluene. The tolurene solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to approximately 50 mL. The mixture was heated to reflux :Eor 45 min. The solution was cooled to room temperature and washed with sodium bicarbonate and brine. The organic solution was dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to an oil. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (10'-o ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give 0.60 g of the desired product (600).
wherein the combination of atoms in -(L)- are selected from the group consisting of (i) carbon and hydrogen only, (ii) one sulfur only, (iii) one oxygen only, (iv) one or two nitrogen and hydrogen only, (v) carbon, hydrogen, and one sulfur only, and (vi) an carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only; and where RR° is a group selected from (a) or (b) ;
which process comprises oxidizing a compound of formula III
R
(Rs)m m R III
O
by heating with a base and a compound of the formula RJX
where R is - (C1-C6) alkyl or aryl and X is - (C,-C6) alkoxy, halo or -OCOZ (C1-C6) alkyl .
The invention provides in addition novel 2 R~X
5 reagents of the formula where R is -(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl; and X is -OCO, (C1-C6) alkyl provided that when X is -OCOZCH3, R .
cannot be tolulyl.
The present invention provides, in addition novel intermediates of the formula C
R~ R2 (:R3)m wherein:
R is -(Cl-C6)alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, Y is -CR9 or -N-;
R" is H, - (C,-C6) alkyl or when taken together with RZ forms a cyclohexeny ring Rz is non-interfering substituent;
R3 is a non-interfering substituent;
m is 1-3; and R' is selected from groups (a} , (b) and (c) where;
(a) is - (C,-CZ°) alkyl, - (C2-C2°) alkenyl, - (Cz-CZ°) alkynyl, carbocyclic radicals, or heterocyclic radicals, or (b) is a memeb~er of (a) substituted with one or more independently selected non-interfering substituents; or (c) is the group -(L)-Re°; where, (L)-is a divalent linking o~roup of 1 to 12 atoms selected from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
wherein t:he combination of atoms in -(L)- are selected from the group consisting of (i) carbon and hydrogen only, (ii) one sulfur only, (iii) one oxygen only, (iv) one or two nitrogen and hydrogen -only, (v) carbon, hydrogen, and one sulfur only, and (vi) an carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only; and where R~° is a group selected from (a) or (b) .
Such intermediates are useful for preparing compounds useful for inhibiting sPLAz mediated release of fatty acids for conditions sur_h. as septic shock.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and the appended claims.
The compounds of the invention employ certain defining terms as follows:
As used herein, the term, "alkyl" by itself or as part of another substituent means, unless otherwise defined, a straight or branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tertiary butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl tert butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopenty~., heptyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, t:ridecyl, tetradecyl and the like. The term "alkyl" includes - (C1-C2) alkyl, - (-C:4) alkyl, - (Cl-C6) alkyl, - (C5-C14) alkyl, and -(C1-C10)alkyl.
The term "alkenyl" as used herein represents an olefinically unsaturated branched or linear group having at least one double bond. Examples of such groups include radicals such as vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 5-heptenyl, 6-heptenyl as well as dimes and trienes of straight and branched chains.
The term "alkynyl" denotes such radicals as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl as well as di- and tri-ynes.
_g_ The term "(Cl-C10) alkoxy", as used herein, denotes a group such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butox:y, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxyl, heptox:y, hexoxy, octoxy, nonoxy, decoxy and like groups, attached to the remainder of the molecule by the oxygen atom. The term (C,-Clo) alkoxy includes (C1 C6) alkoxy.
The term "halo" means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
The term "aryl" means a group having the ring structure characteristic of benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, phenanthrene, anthracene,etc. 'The aryl group may be optionally substituted with 1 too 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of (C1-C;~) alkyl (preferably methyl) , (C1-C6)alkoxy or halo (preferable fluorine or chlorine).
The term, "heterocyclic radical", refers to radicals derived from monocyclic or polycyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic nuclei having 5 to 14 ring atoms and containing from 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Typical heterocyclic radicals are pyridyl, thienyl, i=luorenyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, phenylimidazolyl, triazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolvl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, norharrnanyl, azaindolyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, th_Lanaphtheneyl, dibenzothiophenyl, indazolyl, imidazo(1.2-A)pyridinyl, benzotriazolyl, anthranilyl, 1,2-bf~nzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, purinyl, pryidinyl, dipyridylyl, phenylpyridinyl, bc~nzylpyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenylpyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, quinolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, and quinoxalinyl.
The term "carbocyclic radical" refers to radicals derived from a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 14 membered organic nucleus whose ring forming atoms (other than hydrogen) are solely carbon atoms.
Typical carbocyclic radicals are cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, norbornanyl, bicycloheptadienyl, tolulyl, xylenyl, indenyl, stilbenyl, terphenylyl, diphenylethylenyl, phenylcyclohexeyl, acenaphthylenyl, and anthracenyl, biphenyl, bibenzylyl and related bibenzylyl homologues represented by the formula (bb), (CHI) '~ ~ ~ (bb) where n is an integ~=_r from 1 to 8.
The term, "non-interfering substituent", refers to hydrogen, - (Cl-C14 ) alkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl, - (C2-C6) alkynyl, -(C~-C12)aralkyl, -(C~-C12)alkaryl, -(C3-Cg)cycloalkyl, -(C3-Cg)cycloalkeny:l, phenyl, tolulyl, xylenyl, biphenyl, - (Cl-C6) alkoxy, - (C2-C6) alkenyloxy, - (C2-C6) alkynyloxy, -(C1-C12}alkoxyalky:l, -(Cl-C12)alkoxyalkyloxy, -(C1-C12)alkylcarbonyl, -(C1-C12)alkylcarbonylamino, -(C1-C12)alkoxyamino, -(Cl-C12)alkoxyaminocarbonyl, -(C1-C12)alkylamino, -(C1-C6)alkylthio, - (C1-C12) alkylthiocarbonyl, - (C1-C6) alkylsulfinyl, - (Cl-C6) alkyl.sulfon:yl, - (C1-C6) haloalkoxy, - (C1-C6) haloalkylsu:lfonyl, - (Cl-C6) haloalkyl, - (C1-Cg) hydroxyalky:l, - (CH2 ) nCN, - (CH2) nNR9R10, -C (0) 0 (Cl-C6alkyl) , - (CH2) n0 (C1-C6 alkyl) , benzyloxy, phenoxy, phenylthio; - (CONHS02) R'S, where R'S is - (C1-C6) alkyl; -CFA , naphthyl or - (CHz) t;phenyl where s is 0-5;
-CHO, -CF;, -OCF3, ~>yridyl, amino, amidino, halo, carbamyl, carboxyl, carbalkoxy, -(CH2)nC02H, cyano, cyanoguanidinyl, guanidino, hydrazide, hydrazino, hydrazido, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, vitro, phosphono, -S03H, thioacetal, thiocarbonyl, furyl, thiophenyl -COR9, -CONR9R1°, -NR9R"', -NCHCOR9, -SOZR9, -UR9, -SR9, CH?50~R'3, tetrazolyl or tetrazolyl subs tituted with - (C1-C6) alkyl, phenyl or - (C1-Cq) alkylphenyl, - (C13~) "OSi (C1-C°) alkyl and (Cl-C6)alkylcarbonyl; where n is from 1 to 8 and R9 and R'' are independently hydrogen, -CF3, phenyl, - (C1-C9) alkyl, - (CI-CQ) al kylphenyl or -phenyl (C,-C~) alkyl.
A preferred group of compounds of formula I
prepared by the process of the instant invention are those wherein:
Y is CR' where RQ :i~; H or when taken together with R' forms a cyclohexenyl ring;
R3 is H, -0 (C1-C4) alkyl, halo, - (C1-C6) alkyl, phenyl, - (C,-Cg) alkylphenyl; phenyl substituted with - (C;-C6) alkyl, halo, or -CF3; -CHZOSi (C1-C6) alkyl, furyl, thiophenyl, -(C1-C6) hydroxyalkyl, - (C1-Cs) alkoxy (C,-C6) alkyl, - (C;-C6) alkoxy (C1-C5) alkenyl; or - (CHZ) "RB where R8 is H, -CONH~, -NR9R'°, -CN or phenyl where R9 and R'° are independently hydrogen, -CF;, phenyl, - (C,-CQ) alkyl, (C1-CQ) alkylphenyl or -phenyl (C1-CQ) alkyl and n is 1 to 8 ; and Rl is H, - (C5-C14) alkyl, - (C3-C14) cycloalkyl, pyridyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted with from 1-5 substituents selected from the group consisting of -(C,-C6)alkyl, halo, -CF3, -OCF3 , - (C1-Cq) alkoxy, -CN, - (C1-Cq) alkylthio, phenyl (C1-CQ) alkyl, - (C1-Cg) alkylphenyl, phenyl, phenox:y, -OR9; where R9 and Rl° are independently hydrogen, -CF3, phenyl, - (C1-C4) alkyl, -(C,-C~) alkylphenyl or -phenyl (C,-CQ) alkyl; tetrazole;
tetrazole substituted with - (C,-C9) alkyl or - (C,-Cq ) alkylphenyl;~ or naphthyl .
The process of the present invention provides an improved method for synthesizing the compounds of formula I
using inexpensive, readily available reagents as shown in Scheme I as follows.
Scheme I
RS
1 ) base (Rs)~ 2)RII (R.
R
(III) (II) Rz (R3) (I) Ketone (III) is dissolved in a suitable solvent preferably an aprotic solvent such as THF. Other suitable solvents include but are not limited to DMF, dioxane, or toluene.
The substrate/solvent solution may be sonicated or heated slightly, if necessary to facilitate dissolution.
The amount of solvent used should be sufficient to ensure that all compounds stay in solution until the desired reaction is complete.
The solution is treated with a base, preferably a strong base such as sodium hydride, then with a sulfinating R~X
agent of the formula where R is -(C,-C6)alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl and X is (C1-C6) alkoxy, halo or -OCOZ (C~-C6)alkyl. The sulf:inating reagent may be prepared according to the procedure of J.W. Wilt et al., J. Org. Chem, 1967, 32, 2097. Preferred sulfinating agents include methyl p-tolyl sulfinate, methylbenzene sulfinate or p-toluylsulfinic isobutyric anhydride. Other suitable bases include but are not limited to LDA, sodium methoxide, or potassium methoxide. Preferably two equivalents of base are used.
Preferably, when sodium hydride is employed, the base is added before the sulfinating reagent. The order of addition of reagents is not important when sodium methoxide is used.
The reaction may be conducted at temperatures from about 25°C to reflu:~, preferably at reflux and is substantially complete in from one to 24 hours.
The amount of sulfinating reagent is not critical, however, the reaction is best accomplished using a molar equivalent or excess relative to the starting material (III) .
The above reactions may be run as a "one pot"
process with the reactants added to the reaction vessel in the order given above, preferably with an acid quench of the base prior to reflux.
Dioxane is a preferred solvent in a "one part"
process. THF and toluene, respectively, are preferred solvents if a "two pot" process is employed.
The intermediate (II) can be isolated and purified using standard crystalization or chromatographic procedures.
Standard analytical techniques such as TLC or HPLC
can be used to monitor the reactions in order to determine when the starting materials and intermediates are converted to product.
In an alternate preparation, the sulfinating reagent can be replaced with a disulfide compound of the formula RZ°SSRZ°~wherEa RZ° is alkyl or aryl. Oxidation of the sulfide intermediate can then be readily achieved using an appropriate oxidizing reagent such as hydrogen peroxide or m-chloroperbenzoic acid.
It will be readily appreciated by the skilled artisan that the starting materials for all of the above procedures are either commercially available or can be readily prepared by known techniques from commercially available starting materials. For example, when X is N, starting material (1) can be prepared according to the procedure of Peet, N~.P., et al,. Heterocycles, Vol. 32, No.
1, 1991, 41.
When Y is -CHZR", starting material V, is prepared according to the following procedure.
C r. l., r"n r. T T
$ $
R ~O~~Rv o ----~ R ~0 R3 0 X Cl IX
O Rso Cl~R3 0 O
VIII VII VI
~R3 0 R 3 //~~''N
V
WO 99/54295 PC'T/US99/08261 R$ is - (C1-C6) alkyl or aryl R~° is H or - (C,-C6) alkyl An appropriately substituted propionyl acetate X
is first halogenated by treatment with sulfuryl chloride, preferably at equimolar concentrations relative to the starting material, a t temperatures of from about 0°C to 25°C, preferably less than 15°C, to prepare IX.
Hydrolysis and decarboxylation of IX is achieved by refluxing with an aqueous acid, such as hydrochloric acid, for from about= 1 to 24 hours. The solution containing the decarboxylated product VIII is neutralized to adjust the pH to about 7.0-7.5,, then reacted with cyclohexanedione VII
(preferably at equimolar concentrations) and a base, preferably sodium hydroxide, to yield the triketone monohydrate VI as a precipitate which may be purified and isolated, if desired. The reaction is preferably conducted at temperatures of :From -20°C to ambient temperatures and is substantially complete in about 1 to 24 hours.
The above .reactions are preferably run as a "one pot" process with the reactants added to the reaction vessel in the order given above. Preferably, the reaction is allowed to proceed without isolating compounds of formula IX
or VIII, thus avoiding exposure to these volatile lachrymators.
Preparation of V is achieved by refluxing VI in a high boiling non-polar solvent which forms an azeotrope with water, preferably toluene, with an equimolar quantity of an amine of the formula R1NH2, where R1 is as defined above.
When R1 is hydrogen, hexamethyldisilazane or ammonia may be used.
Solvents with a boiling point of at least 100°C
are preferred, such as toluene, xylene, cymene, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane o:r mesitylene, thus eliminating the need for a pressure reaci~or. Sufficient solvent should be employed to ensure i~hat all compounds stay in solution until the reaction is substantially complete in about 1 to 24 hours.
The following examples further illustrate the process of the present invention. The examples also illustrate the prepa ration of the intermediate compounds of this invention. The=_ examples are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Preparation 1 1-Benzyl-2-et:hyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole benzylam o toluene A. Preparation of 2-(2-oxobutyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione Methyl propionylacetate (130.158, 1.0 mol) is placed into a 2L Morton flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet and thermocouple. External cooling is applied until the internal temperature is 10°C. Sulfuryl chloride (1358, 1.0 mol) is added dropwise at a rate to maintain the temperature <15°C. When chromatographic analysis indicaets the total conversion to the desired chloro-compound 1M HCl (205 mL) is then added, and the reaction mixture is stirred at reflux for 18 hours. After cooling to room temperature, 4N NaOH is added to adjust the pH tc 7.0 to 7.5. Cyclohexanedione (112.138, 1.0 mol) is added and the mixture is cooled in an ice bath. Then, 5N
NaOH (200mL, 1.0 mol) is added dropwise and the reaction is stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The resulting thick precipitate is filtered, rinsed with water), and dried in vacuo to yield the subtitled triketone monohydrate.
B. Preparation of 1-Benzyl-2-ethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole The compound of Part A, above (1000gms, 4.995moles) was suspended in toluene (6000m1, 6vo1). The mixture was warmed to 85°C and stirred for 5 minutes.
Benzylamine (562.6gms, 5.25moles, 1.05eq) was added dropwise over about 30-45 minutes. Following the addition, the mixture turned to an amber colored solution. Heat was applied to the solution and water was azeotroped off until the reaction temperature reached 110°C. The reaction was allowed to stir ate 110°C for 2 hours at which time about 4000 mls of solvent was distilled off at atmospheric pressure. The so=Lution was transferred to a Buchi flask and further evaporated to an amber viscous oil.
Example 1 Preparation of 1-Benzyl-2-ethyl-4-hydroxyindole The compound of Preparation 1 (0.5 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (2.5 mL). Sodium hydride (0.18 g, 4.5 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.49 g, 3.2 mmol) was added. The mixture was warmed until the color changed to pink. The heat source was removed and the color of the mixture darkened from pink to red as gas evolution was observed. Thin layer chromotography indicated complete consumption of starting material (diastereomeric sulfoxides, Rf 0.13, 0.19; 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate).
After 1 hour, dioxame (2.5 mL) was added, followed by acetic acid (0.26 mL, 4.5 mmol). The purple slurry was refluxed for 2 hours at which time the sulfoxides were no longer observed by thin 7_ayer chromotography . The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give a red oil. Column chromatography with loo ethyl acetate in hexane provided 0.39 g of a yellow solid. (79% yield) Elemental Analysis for CI~H1-,NO
Theory: C, 81.24, H, 6.82, N, 5.57 Found: C, 81.13, H, 6.80, N, 5.81.
Example 2 Preparation of 1-Benzyl-2-ethyl-4-hydroxyindole A. The compound of Preparation 1 (0.5 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2.5 mL). Sodium hydride (0.18 g, 4.5 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.49 g, 3.2 mmol) was added. After 15 minutes, the color of the mixture darkened to red as gas evolution was observed. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour.
Thin Layer Chromotography indicated complete consumption of starting material (diastereomeric sulfoxides, Rf 0.13, 0.19; 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was quenched with water, stirred for 5 minutes, and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give a brown oil. The oil was dissolved in dioxane (5 mL) and refluxed for 2 hours at which time the sulfoxides were na longer observed by thin layer chromatography. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give a red oil. Column chromatography with lOg ethyl acetate in hexane provided 0.40 g of a yellow solid. (80o yield) Example 3 Preparation of 9-benzyl-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy carbazole A. Preparation of 9-benzyl-4-hydroxy-6-oxy carbazole A solution of N-benzyl anisidine (2.1 g, 11 mmol), 1,3-cyclohexadione (1.23 g, 11. mmol) and catalytic p-toluenesulfonic acid in 250 mL toluene was heated to reflux for 2 h with removal of water by codistillation. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. A dichloromethane solution of the residue was loaded on florisil. and the product was eluted with a 1-30 methanol in dichloromethane. The eluent was concentrated and the resulting material (3.10 g) was dissolved in 250 mL
acetonitrile. Palladium (II) acetate (2.7 g) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The mixture was cooled and concentrated. A dichloromethane suspension of the mixture was loaded on florisil and the product was eluted with a 1-3°s methanol in dichloromethane. Additional purification of the product was accomplished by silica gel chromatography (1-3o methanol in dichloromethane) to give 800 mg of the desired product. Recrystallization from dichloromethane/ethanol provided an analytically pure sample.
Elemental Analysis for C2pHlgN O2:
Calculated: C, 78.66; H, 6.27; N 4.59.
Found: C, 78.90; H, 6.34; N, 4.55.
B. Preparation of 9-benzyl-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy carbazole The compound of part A, above (0.2 g, 0.65 mmol), was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL). Sodium hydride (0.06 g, 1.5 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.16 g, 1 mmol) was added. After 30 minutes, the brown mixture was warmed until gas evolution was sustained. The mixture became a thick paste.
tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added and the resultant slurry was refluxed for 20 minutes. TLC indicated consumption of starting material (diastereomeric sulfoxides, Rf 0.1, 0.14;
1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was quenched with water, stirred for 5 minutes, and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give an orange oil. The oil was dissolved in dioxane (5 mL) a:nd refluxed for 1 hour at which time the sulfoxides were no longer observed by thin layer chromatography. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated. Column chromatography with 80$ chloroform in hexane to 100%
chloroform provided 0.13 g of an amber solid. (65o yield) Thin layer chromatography Rf 0.27 (20% EtOAc in hexane);
Elemental Analyses for C2oH1-,NOz Calculated: C, 79.19; H, 5.65; N, 9.62;
Found: C, 79.43; H, 5.62; N, 4.67.
-2.0-Example 4 Preparation of 1-(3-chlorophenyl(methyl))-4-hydroxyindole ' 1. NaH
N _-.. .-.. N
c.
'' Reflux ci ~ 2. ~..,.ocH, ci 1-(3-chl.orobenzyl)-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole was prepared from 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indol-4-one and 3-chlorobenzylbromide using methodology common to the art.
The pyrrole (0.5 g, 1.9 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2.5 mL). Sodium hydride (0.18 g, 4.4 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.48 g, 3.1 mmol) was added. The color of the mixture darkened to red as gas evolution was observed. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Thin layer chromatography indicated complete consumption of starting material (sulfoxides, Rf 0.11; 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was quenched with water, stirred for 10 minutes, and diluted with chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evapora.t:ed to give an orange oil. The oil was dissolved in dioxan.e (5 mL) and refluxed for 3 hours at which time the sulfoxides were no longer observed by thin layer chromatography. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and a solution of lithium hydroxide (85 mg) in water (2 mL) way; added. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was di~;solved in chloroform. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give an orange oil. Column chromatography with 20o ethyl acetate in hexane provided 0.41 g of a yellow solid. (81o yield) TLC
Rf 0.28 (20o EtOAc in hexane) ; 'H NMR (CDClj) : d 7.30 (d, J
- 8.2, 1 H) , 7.24 (1., J = 7. 8, 1 H) , 7. 18 (s, 1 H) , 7. 11 (t, J = 7. 9, 1 H) , 7. 07 (d, J = 3.2, 1 H) , 6. 98 (d, J = 7. 6, 1 H) , 6. 92 (d, J = 8.3, 1 H) , 6.75 (d, J = 3. 3, 1 H) , 6. 63 (d, J = 7. 6, 1 H) , 6.01 (s, 1 H) , 5.24 (s, 2 H) .
Elemental Analyses for C15H12NOC1:
Calculated: C,, 69.91; H, 4.69; N, 5.43; C1, 13.76 Found: C,. 69.75; H, 4.64; N, 5.30; Cl, 14.05.
Example 5 Preparation of l.-phenyl-3-methyl-4-hydroxy indazole O C~ OH C
~N 1. NaH ~ I ~N
N 2. ~ reflux \ N
w S.OC~ /
Starting material 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-oxo-9,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole (0.2 g, 0.9 mmol, prepared as described by Peet, N. P.; LeTourneau, M. E. Heterocycles 1991, 32, 41, was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL). Sodium hydride (0.07 g, 1.6 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, methyl benzenesulfinate (0.17 g, 1.1 mmol) was added. The color of the mixture changed to pink as gas evolution was observed.
The mixture was stirred for 45 minutes. Thin layer chromatograhy indicated complete consumption of starting material (sulfoxides, Rf 0.27, 0.33; 1/1 hexane/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was quenched with water, stirred for 1 hour, arid diluted with dichloromethane. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give an orange oil. The oil was dissolved in dioxane (2 mL) and refluxed for 1 hour at which time the sulfoxides were no longer observed by TLC. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and a solution of lithium hydroxide (38 mg) in water (2 mL) was added. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give an orange solid. Column chromatography with 20% ethyl acetate in hexane provided 0.14 g of a white solid. (70~ yield) TLC Rf 0.25 (200 EtOAc in hexane);
Elemental Analysis for C14H12N20:
Calculated: C, 74.98; H, 5.39; N, 12,48; O, 7.13;
Found: C, 75.17; H, 5.65; N, 12.28; O, 7.32.
Example 6 Preparation of 4-hydroxy-9-methyl carbazole 7_ . NaH heat - --a 2. ArSO~Me Cj-A suspension of 9-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (prepared by the methods described by Osuka, A.; Mori, Y.; Suzuki, H. Chem. Lett. 1982, 2031-2034;
and Elz, S.; Heil, W.. L. Biorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1995, 5, 667 ) . ( 0 . 20 g, 1 . 0 nu:nol ) in 3 mL tetrahydrofuran was sonicated and heated to 50 C. Sodium hydride (60%
dispersion in mineral oil; 0.07 g, 1.8 mmol) was added in one portion. Sonication and heating was continued for 1 hour and then methyl phenylsulfinate (0.2 g, 1.2 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was diluted after 3 hours with tetrahydrofuran and water to give a homogenous solution. The solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation and the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic layer was washed with sodium bicarbonate and brine and then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in dioxane and heated to reflux for 1 hour.
The mixture was concentrated and partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic fraction was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography (20%
EtOAc, hexanes) to 0.075 g of the desired product (38%).
TLC R.f = 0.49 (20% ethyl acetate, hexanes); 13C NMR (CDC13) d 151.5, 142.6, 140.1, 126.0, 124.6, 122.4, 121.5, 118.8, 110.?, 107.7, 104.6, 101.0, 28.9; mass spectrum, m/z (FD, M+1) 198.
Example 7 Preparation of 1--phenylmethyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl indole OH
1) NaH heat 2) ArS02Me H C ~ I N
To a so_Lution of the 1-phenylmethyl-4-oxo-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tet=rahydroindole (l.Og, 3.5 mmol) in 5 mL
tetrahydrofuran was added NaH (0.3 g, 7.5 mmol) in portions.
The resulting mixture was stirred 10 min and methyl phenylsulfinate (0.7 g, 4.5 mmol) was added in one portion.
The mixture was stirred for 45 minutes and then warmed (35 -45 C) for 30 minutes. Water (5 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. The intermediate sul_foxide was extracted with toluene. The tolurene solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to approximately 50 mL. The mixture was heated to reflux :Eor 45 min. The solution was cooled to room temperature and washed with sodium bicarbonate and brine. The organic solution was dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to an oil. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (10'-o ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give 0.60 g of the desired product (600).
Claims (4)
1. A process for preparing a compound of the formula wherein:
Y is -CR4 or -N-;
R4 is H, - (C1-C6) alkyl or when taken together with R2 forms a cyclohexeny ring R2 is a non-interfering substituent;
R3 is a non-interfering substituent;
m is 1-3 both inclusive; and R1 is selected from groups (a), (b) and (c) where;
(a) is - (C1-C20) alkyl, - (C2-CZ°) alkenyl, - (C2-C2°) alkynyl, carbocyclic radicals, or heterocyclic radicals, or (b) is a memeber of (a) substituted with one or more independently selected non-interfering substituents; or (c) is the group - (L) -R80; where, (L) -is a divalent linking group of 1 to 12 atoms selected from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
wherein the combination of atoms in -(L)- are selected from the group consisting of (i) carbon and hydrogen only, (ii) one sulfur only, (iii) one oxygen only, (iv) one or two nitrogen and hydrogen only, (v) carbon, hydrogen, and one sulfur only, and (vi) an carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only; and where R80 is a group selected from (a) or (b);
which process comprises oxidizing a compound of formula III:
where Y, R1, R2 and (R3)m, are as defined above by heating with a base and a sulfinating reagent of the formula where R is - (C1-C6) alkyl or aryl and X is - (C1-C6) alkoxy, halo or -OCO2 (C,-C6) alkyl.
Y is -CR4 or -N-;
R4 is H, - (C1-C6) alkyl or when taken together with R2 forms a cyclohexeny ring R2 is a non-interfering substituent;
R3 is a non-interfering substituent;
m is 1-3 both inclusive; and R1 is selected from groups (a), (b) and (c) where;
(a) is - (C1-C20) alkyl, - (C2-CZ°) alkenyl, - (C2-C2°) alkynyl, carbocyclic radicals, or heterocyclic radicals, or (b) is a memeber of (a) substituted with one or more independently selected non-interfering substituents; or (c) is the group - (L) -R80; where, (L) -is a divalent linking group of 1 to 12 atoms selected from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
wherein the combination of atoms in -(L)- are selected from the group consisting of (i) carbon and hydrogen only, (ii) one sulfur only, (iii) one oxygen only, (iv) one or two nitrogen and hydrogen only, (v) carbon, hydrogen, and one sulfur only, and (vi) an carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only; and where R80 is a group selected from (a) or (b);
which process comprises oxidizing a compound of formula III:
where Y, R1, R2 and (R3)m, are as defined above by heating with a base and a sulfinating reagent of the formula where R is - (C1-C6) alkyl or aryl and X is - (C1-C6) alkoxy, halo or -OCO2 (C,-C6) alkyl.
2. The process of Claim 1 where the sulfinating reagent i.s p-tolulylsulfinicisobutyric anhydride.
3. A compound of the formula where R is - (C1-C6) alkyl or aryl; and X is -OCO2 (C1-C6) alkyl provided that when X is -OCO2CH3, R
cannot be tolulyl.
cannot be tolulyl.
4. A compound of the formula wherein:
R is -(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, Y is -CR9 or -N-;
R4 is H, - (C1-C6) alkyl or when taken together with R2 forms a cyclohexeny ring R2 is non-interfering substituent;
R3 is a non-interfering substituent;
m is 1-3 both inclusive; and R1 is selected from groups (a), (b) and (c) where;
(a) is - (C1-C20) alkyl, - (C2-C20) alkenyl, - (C2-C20) alkynyl, carbocyclic radicals, or heterocyclic radicals, or (b) is a memebar of (a) substituted with one or more independently selected non-interfering substituents; or (c) is the group -(L)-R80; where, (L)-is a divalent linking group of 1 to 12 atoms selected from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
wherein the combination of atoms in -(L)- are selected from the group consisting of (i) carbon and hydrogen only, (ii) one sulfur only, (iii) one oxygen only, (iv) one or two nitrogen and hydrogen only, (v) carbon, hydrogen, and one sulfur only, and (vi) an carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only; and where R80 is a group selected from (a) or (b).
R is -(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, Y is -CR9 or -N-;
R4 is H, - (C1-C6) alkyl or when taken together with R2 forms a cyclohexeny ring R2 is non-interfering substituent;
R3 is a non-interfering substituent;
m is 1-3 both inclusive; and R1 is selected from groups (a), (b) and (c) where;
(a) is - (C1-C20) alkyl, - (C2-C20) alkenyl, - (C2-C20) alkynyl, carbocyclic radicals, or heterocyclic radicals, or (b) is a memebar of (a) substituted with one or more independently selected non-interfering substituents; or (c) is the group -(L)-R80; where, (L)-is a divalent linking group of 1 to 12 atoms selected from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur;
wherein the combination of atoms in -(L)- are selected from the group consisting of (i) carbon and hydrogen only, (ii) one sulfur only, (iii) one oxygen only, (iv) one or two nitrogen and hydrogen only, (v) carbon, hydrogen, and one sulfur only, and (vi) an carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only; and where R80 is a group selected from (a) or (b).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8210998P | 1998-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | |
| US60/082,109 | 1998-04-17 | ||
| PCT/US1999/008261 WO1999054295A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-04-15 | Process for preparing 4-hydroxy indole, indazole and carbazole compounds |
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| CA2326505A1 true CA2326505A1 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
Family
ID=22169117
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|---|---|---|---|
| CA002326505A Abandoned CA2326505A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-04-15 | Process for preparing 4-hydroxy indole, indazole and carbazole compounds |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1071661A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002512222A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3563299A (en) |
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| WO (1) | WO1999054295A1 (en) |
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| DZ2770A1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2003-12-01 | Lilly Co Eli | Process for the preparation of 1h-indol-3 glyoxamides substituted in position 4. |
| US7601847B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2009-10-13 | Wyeth | Preparation and purification of 4-(indazol-3-yl)phenols |
| CN101370775A (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2009-02-18 | 惠氏公司 | Sulfonyl substituted 1H-indoles as ligands for the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors |
| CN104945305A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-09-30 | 北京石油化工学院 | Method for achieving indole derivative selective aromatic thiolation |
| CN104945344A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-09-30 | 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 | Compound containing benzisoxazole and terminal amine group structure and application of compound |
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| TW383302B (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 2000-03-01 | Lilly Co Eli | 1H-indole-3-glyoxylamide sPLA2 inhibitors |
| DZ2770A1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2003-12-01 | Lilly Co Eli | Process for the preparation of 1h-indol-3 glyoxamides substituted in position 4. |
-
1999
- 1999-04-15 CA CA002326505A patent/CA2326505A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-15 WO PCT/US1999/008261 patent/WO1999054295A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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| WO1999054295A1 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
| EP1071661A1 (en) | 2001-01-31 |
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