CA2320596A1 - Metal-air cell and electrochemical power generation system based on metal-air cells - Google Patents

Metal-air cell and electrochemical power generation system based on metal-air cells Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2320596A1
CA2320596A1 CA002320596A CA2320596A CA2320596A1 CA 2320596 A1 CA2320596 A1 CA 2320596A1 CA 002320596 A CA002320596 A CA 002320596A CA 2320596 A CA2320596 A CA 2320596A CA 2320596 A1 CA2320596 A1 CA 2320596A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
air
power generation
metal
generation system
aluminum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002320596A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander M. Iarochenko
Evgeny B. Kulakov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALUMINUM-POWER Inc
Original Assignee
ALUMINUM-POWER INC.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ALUMINUM-POWER INC. filed Critical ALUMINUM-POWER INC.
Priority to CA002320596A priority Critical patent/CA2320596A1/en
Priority to CA002341055A priority patent/CA2341055A1/en
Priority to PCT/CA2001/001218 priority patent/WO2002025755A2/en
Priority to AU2001287428A priority patent/AU2001287428A1/en
Priority to US09/935,753 priority patent/US20020034679A1/en
Publication of CA2320596A1 publication Critical patent/CA2320596A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H01M12/065Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • H01M50/77Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

An electrochemical power generation system is comprised of metal - air (aluminum - air) cells.
Each aluminum - air cell represents a source of electrical current and is mechanically rechargeable. The distinctive feature of this invention is that each aluminum -air cell of a bi-cathode type has a form of a flat multichamber structure. It is the preferred arrangement to connect seven aluminum - air cells into a section, sections comprise modulates and modules comprise the electrochemical power generation system. The preferred number of section in each module is two. The distinctive features of this invention is that the electrochemical power generation system is an independent source of electric power, self - contained environmentally - friendly. This technology can form a solid base for the distributed electric power generation for residential, commercial, and industrial customers. In particular, it is applicable as power supply for electric vehicles, back-up supply for telecommunication equipment, appliances, computers, radio-electronic equipment.

Description

METAL- AIR CELL AND ELECTRQCHEMICAL POWER GENERA;~'!I"n~~N SYSTEM
BASED ON METAL-AIR CELLS.
Field of Invention.
The invention relates to the area of distributed electric power generation, specific~iil(~~: t:o the area of rnetai - air aluminum electrochemical systems, preferably aluminum-air cells, comprising~i ~~in electrochemical power generation system suitable as an independent power supply for the followin~f:i <applicationsv electric vehicles, housing. electrical appliances, radio-electronic equipmaent, compN.otE~rs, back-up supply for telecommunication equipment, air conditioning equipment.
Summary of tire Invention.
The following are the goals of the present invention.
~ Providing an independent, self-contained, source of power ~ Implementation of aluminum - air cells as a source of electric current ~ Environmentally-friendly electrochemical power generation system ~ Applicable as an independent power supply for electric vehicles ~ Applicable for distributed power generation for residential, commercial and indur; tE~i7l users ~ Increased reliability as an independent source of electrical current ~ Low life-cycle cost of the compact home power generation station ~,escription of the invention.
In the invention, the electrochemical power generation system is comprise~~;!
~c~af metal - air cells.
Each metal - air cell of a bi-cathode type includes a flat mufti-chamber str~r~at,~ure, anode sealed by a cover, two gas-diffusion cathodes, a chamber for electrolyte, oxidizing ~c17'amber, multi-funcfiional surfaces located at each side and butt-ends of the cell frame.
In a mufti-chamber structure of each of the metal - air cell, one or more ch~rrrib~er(s) function as a thermal-gas-hydrodynamic lift and that, along with other chambers (distribu~~liic:,rn, relieving etc.}, provide the following;
- natural circular movement of electrolyte into a cell, - optimal thermal operating conditions of the aluminum - air cell in particul!~~ar.and of the electrochemical power generation system as a whole, - equalizing concentration of the electrolyte components - improvement of the energy and operational characteristics of the cells, <i :> vrrell as of the electrochemical power generation system as a whole Metal-air cells connected in series comprise a section. Sections comprise r~~ruc;clufes of the electrochemical generator of power. The number of sections in the module r,:2ur~ be ane or more It is preferred that for aluminum-air cells seven cells are connected in seriea f~~~rming a section.
For aluminum -- air cells each module of the electrochemical generator con;i~i~.2:> of two sections Due to series connection of the metal-air cells into a section, the ,multifunctiu~nn;a~~l surfaces of the adjacent cells form an air chamber used for the convective intake of air. Ths~
v~!r'ore, for a section of seven cells, there will be formed six full air chambers, and half-chambers ;°i~t hoth ends of the section r The electrochemical power generation system consists of one or mare mo,;n!yl~ns and a unit for flow distribution and tapping the power at the electrochemical power genes",~nt~c;~n system to the customer(s).
There are available versions) of a power supply unit without the unit for fld~~~v~c~iistribution and tapping the power. In this case, the electrochemical power supply unit is crkrr~yosed of one module or, alternatively, a combination of modules connected in series anal f~~~~ral(el.
The maior features of the invention.
The overall view of the cel( is shown on the attached Figure 1 (without anoc~
i~;i.
The aluminum - air cell with a bi-cathode is made as a flat-box cell- frame 1~. ~ ~' Gas-diffusion cathodes 2 and 3 respectively that have a form of a flat she~7l:
r:~~e located on each side of the cell-frame.
Anode that has a form of a flat plate or a U-shape is inserted in the space ba:~~~nyeen the two gas-diffusion cathodes. The tail part of the anode plate is equipped with a condyc~c~r jumper that is imbedded into the sealing cover of the anode.
The multi-chamber structure of the metal-air cell is shown on Figure 1 and ~!
~(~~isimplified version). ' Figure ~ shows laminar flow of electrolyte throughout the chamber.
The flat-box cell frame 1 includes multi-functional surfaces located at each s~cl!~: and butt-ends that are forming seven chambers, namely:
- active chamber I is located in the operation zone, distribution chamber II is located between the internal surfaces of the frolrt~~~ond back walls of the cell - frame, - relieving chamber III that has a rectangular form, - chambers IV and iV" are located symmetrically on each side of the activx>y c~f~amber l, - chamber V is a collector and distribution chamber, - chamber VI serves for convective intake of air for forced or natural coc~~Nir;~i~ of the cells, sections, and modules of the electrochemical power generation s~,l~~rat~sm.
- Chamber VIl is the hermetizing chamber that provides access of the anc:u~~~b~ into operation zone I during the mechanical recharging of the metal-air cell.
When the cells are connected in series into a section, module, efectrochem~~Ic.al generator, hydrogen-exhausting distributing manifold connected to a device to converll:
hydrogen tv water that can be returned into electrolyte or withdrawn into thEU
ati-nosphere.
The preferred composition of the gas-diffusion cathode is a three-layer stru~~,vhifvre consisting of active hydrophilic (gas-impermeable) layer made of a mixture of powders oiv tlv~ industrial carbon and activated coal of different fractures with high specific surface cc:~:rnt:~~ining carbon 99.95 to 99.995 per cent by mass, a mixture of polymeric fluorine andlor hiclh~rnolecular carbon polymers with modifying additives.
As a part of this invention, different solutions can be utilized, e.g. alkali (Naf':~~yi'~ 'or KOH) or salt solution, electrolyte, as well as their mixture, modified using different additivr,~,:,~ ~n-4, Pb-4, Ga'3.
Zn-3.
Anode electrode can be made of any anodic metal that is usually utilized in =nnnetal-air cells. For example, the following metals can be used: Al, Zn, Fe, Be, Cd, Mg, Li and 0°"ko, as well as alloys and their composites.
The preferred anvdic metal utilized in this invention is aluminum alloy with ar~,~:1~9~itives Ga, Zn, Fe, Sn, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe, Mg used in proportions that provide high energy and o~n!~3irdtional characteristics during the reaction under a condition of minimum allowable ~~~~oi~rosion levels.
The second layer represents a current-conducting mesh made of nickel or iV~:~~; alloys, that represents the base of the cathode and, simultaneously, functioning as a cv.~r ~e~nt collector mesh.

The third layer represents a hydrophobic (gas-permeable) layer, made of a~
~n~li~cture of powders of the industrial carbon and activated coal of different fractures with high sy~E~c.ific surface containing carbon 99.95 to 99.995 per cent by mass, a mixture of polymeric fluorine and/or hi~at-n, imolecular carbon Polymers with modifying additives.
This invention suggests to use technologically simple and efficient composil;irarts for anodes and electrolytes, namely For anodes:
AL 99.95 plus additives: 0.6 % by mass of In; 0.6 % by mass of Cu; 0.02 %
fyjmass of Fe For electrolytes:
4 rnollL NaOH or 4 mollL KOH plus additives: 0.5 % by mass of Sn; 0.2 %
t~~~~;r~nass of Su; 0 5 by mass of D (glucose}.
Although this disclosure has described and illustrated certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to those particular embodiments. Rather, the invention includes all embodiments which are functional or mechanical equivalents of the specific embodiments and features that have been described and illustrated.

Claims

Claim
Claim 1: An electrochemical power generation system comprising a plurality of metal - air cells, wherein each metal - air cell is of a bi-cathode type having a cell frame, a flat multi-chamber structure, anode sealed by a cover, two gas-diffusion cathodes, a chamber for electrolyte, oxidizing chamber, multi-functional surfaces located at each side and butt-ends of the cell frame.
CA002320596A 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Metal-air cell and electrochemical power generation system based on metal-air cells Abandoned CA2320596A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002320596A CA2320596A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Metal-air cell and electrochemical power generation system based on metal-air cells
CA002341055A CA2341055A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2001-03-19 Gas-evolving electrochemical cells
PCT/CA2001/001218 WO2002025755A2 (en) 2000-09-21 2001-08-24 Gas-evolving electrochemical cells
AU2001287428A AU2001287428A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2001-08-24 Gas-evolving electrochemical cells
US09/935,753 US20020034679A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2001-08-24 Gas-evolving electrochemical cells

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002320596A CA2320596A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Metal-air cell and electrochemical power generation system based on metal-air cells

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2320596A1 true CA2320596A1 (en) 2002-03-21

Family

ID=4167204

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002320596A Abandoned CA2320596A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Metal-air cell and electrochemical power generation system based on metal-air cells

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2320596A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112786985A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-05-11 杭州焘颐机械科技有限公司 Environment-friendly separation treatment device for recycling waste storage batteries

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112786985A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-05-11 杭州焘颐机械科技有限公司 Environment-friendly separation treatment device for recycling waste storage batteries

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FZDE Discontinued