CA2295964A1 - A method of inducing a ctl response - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method of inducing a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to an antigen is disclosed. The method involves delivering the antigen to the lymphatic system of an animal regularly over a sustained period of time using, e.g., an osmotic pump. The method is advantageous over prior art methods for inducing a CTL response in that it does not require repetitive immunizations or the use of adjuvants. The method of the present invention can be used for the induction of CTLs in tumor or infectious disease immunotherapy.
Description
A METHOD OF INDUCING A CTL RESPONSE
CROSS REFERENCE
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application 08/988,320 filed December 10, 1997.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method of inducing a CTL response to an antigen by sustained, regular delivery of the antigen to an animal so that the antigen reaches the lymphatic system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are white blood cells found in the blood, spleen and lymph. CTL have the ability to attack and kill other cells of the body in a highly specific manner. When CTL are stimulated by specific antigen, they migrate through the tissues of the body on a "search and destroy" mission for cells bearing the specific antigen. Whether of viral origin or tumor associated, CTL detect antigen that is bound to major histocompatability complexes (MHC) on the surface of potential target cells. Once CTL have identified the antigen on the cell surface, their function is to deliver a lethal hit to the cell.
Although there are hundreds of millions of CTL that reside in the spleen, each individual CTL exclusively responds to a unique and specific antigen. These individual CTL, dubbed CTL precursors (CTLp), undergo cell division or proliferate upon activation by specific antigen to produce daughter cells with precisely the same antigen specificity as the parent cell. This proliferation increases the total number, and thus the frequency, of that specific CTLp in the body. A proportion of these newly generated CTL briefly recirculate through the body (termed effector CTL), and have the ability to identify and destroy cells bearing the specific antigen which they recognize. A significant body of experimental evidence suggests that CTL
specific for tumor antigens can inhibit tumor growth. Unfortunately, most tumors have only a very weak capacity to stimulate CTL responses and there has been no means of inducing a CTL response then sustaining it over a period of time sufficient to continuously inhibit tumor growth. While many attempts to directly increase the capacity of tumor cells to stimulate tumor-clearing CTL responses in patients have been made, such attempts have met with limited success. Technical advances over the past ten years have, however, enabled the identification of natural peptide antigens that are present on tumor cells and which are recognized by CTL. These antigen targets include proteins expressed in significant overabundance, abnormally expressed embryonic proteins, protein products from mutated oncogcnes or suppressor genes, or proteins derived from cancer-causing viruses present in tumor cells. The challenge has been to find a way in which to administer an antigen so that it induces an anti-tumor CTL response and maintains it over time. While many attempts have now been made to use these antigens clinically in a vaccine, the results have been less than satisfactory.
An explanation of why CTL therapies have been largely ineffective at eradicating or controlling tumors in a clinical setting include the following:
(a) Vaccine designs have been inadequate at initiating strong CTL responses;
(b) Tumor cells can down regulate MHC molecules, resulting in the loss of antigen presentation from the surface of cells, thereby escaping detection by CTL;
1 S (c) After induction, effector CTL recirculation through the body is highly transient;
(d) After recirculation, CTL return to the spleen where they reside in a non-active or resting state, and an increase in the numbers of CTLp residing in the spleen does not reflect active CTL immunity;
(e) In the case of tumors, regrowth of residual tumor cells following immunization goes undetected by CTLp residing in spleen in a "resting" state;
(f) Because CTL-stimulating antigen-presenting cells (APC) are targeted for destruction by the same CTL that they have activated, the CTL response is self limiting, which precludes, under normal circumstances, the continuous stimulation for a long-lived CTL response.
A growing repertoire of tumor associated antigens are being discovered that are recognized by CTL. A variety of techniques have been suggested to render these antigens effective in CTL vaccines. These include immunization using synthetic peptide antigens mixed with an immunostimulatory adjuvant, such as the bacterial toxin BCG; immunization with multiple antigenic peptide systems (MAPS);
immunization with "professional" antigen presenting cells, which are isolated from the patient, pulsed with peptide antigen and inoculated back into the patient as a vaccine; immunization with peptides designed to stimulate both CTL and T
helper cell populations; immunization with viruses or bacteria engineered to express tumor r _ ~_._ _. _ _ antigensy and immunization with polynucleotide expression vectors (so called DNA
vaccines). Unfortunately, none of these approaches has been an unqualified success.
As discussed above, the lack of vigorous therapeutic effects with these vaccine platforms reflects at least to some degree problems associated with inducing a strong initial C'rL response and with maintaining ongoing "active" CTL immunity.
Studies by Glenny during the first quarter of the century revealed that aluminum compounds could enhance the strength of diphtheria vaccines. This was ostensibly the first of a long history of observations supporting a "depot"
theory of immunization, which postulates that antigen slowly leaking into the tissues over an extended time correlates with the antigenic potency of a vaccine. Today, this antigen depot paradigm forms the intellectual backdrop to most adjuvant development programs. In one form or another, depot type adjuvants are intended to prolong the course of antigen delivery, by forming a lesion at the site of injection, or simply by the slow degradability of the adjuvant itself, which mixed with the specific antigen forms a depot at the site of injection. A second function generally attributed to adjuvants are their immunostimulatory effects, which appears to trigger the immune system to respond to the vaccine. However, adjuvants are a double-edged sword.
They have inherent toxicities. But it is a feature of these toxicities that achieves a desired immunostimulatory and/or depot effect. Side effects such as tissue damage and granulomatous reaction at the site of injection, fever, and in some cases systemic reactions, such as Reiter's syndrome-like symptoms, uveitis and arthritis, are some of the risks associated with the use of adjuvants. Currently, the only adjuvant approved by the FDA is alum. It is relatively safe but does have side effects such as erythema, subcutaneous nodules, contact hypersensitivity, and granulomatous inflammation.
More importantly, alum only acts to potentiate a limited number of antigens, and it very predominantly stimulates humoral antibody responses rather than CTL
immunity. Thus so far adjuvants have proved to be very ineffective components for vaccines aimed at inducing clinically relevant CTL responses.
Recent attempts to induce CTL responses using dendritic cells or other antigen presenting cells, despite being cumbersome, have shown some promise. New recombinant virus or bacterial systems carrying genes for specific antigen are effective at inducing primary CTL responses. The most effective viruses, for example, that induce strong CTL responses are those which replicate aggressively in the host. Yet because of the risk for serious or lethal complications as a result of infection, recombinant virus used in a cancer vaccine must be only weakly replicative, or be completely replication deficient. This trade-off between virulence and efficacy is at present an intractable problem.
DNA (or polynucIeotide) vaccines are also being developed for the purpose of inducing CTL immunity. Once again, the system has intrinsic limitations that preclude its efficacy in inducing long-lasting CTL immunity. The DNA vaccines consist of a plasmid or similar genetic construct for expressing the antigen of interest.
Uptake of the plasmid system by cells of the body results in expression of the antigen and induction of CTL. However, once cells expressing the construct have succeeded in inducing CTL, they are themselves targets for eradication by the CTL. The CTL
inducing effect is thus again transient. Moreover, the polynucleotide vaccines have thus far suffered from poor efficiency in terms of CTL induction.
With difficulties in achieving strong primary and/or persisting CTL responses, there are a number of clinical trial groups now using repeated injections of cancer vaccines. The use of antigenically complex materials in the vaccine formulation, such as recombinant virus, or the costs associated with repetitive treatment using cultured APC will, however, make such an approach difficult. On the one hand, repetitive immunization with antigenically complex materials drives the immune system to elaborate a humoral antibody, as opposed to a CTL response, while on the other hand, use of a minimal CTL antigen (such as a nonamer peptide) which does not efficiently drive an antibody response, has also failed to induce a CTL response. Attempts to develop adjuvants that enhance the immunostimulatory aspects of minimal CTL
antigens have resulted in the production of materials (i.e. adjuvants) that also induce a competing humoral immune response, or, which simply offer little CTL
stimulatory effect.
It has also been suggested that certain controlled release technology using microspheres or liposomes with subunit antigens and peptides might be effective to enhance immunogenecity. The combination of sustained release and depot effect is suggested to reduce the amount of antigen needed and eliminate booster shots.
However, the preparation of such compositions is difficult and unpredictable, and vaccine formulations based on this technology have not been translated into effective clinical treatments.
As can be seen from the foregoing, there has been little success at developing a CTL vaccine that is both capable of inducing a strong CTL response then sustaining ........_ ?.. .. ..._.._............... _.. ..._._.__ ....
that response over time. The development of a vaccine with these capabilities is essential before effective anti-tumor therapy based on CTL immunity can be contemplated.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide a method for inducing or sustaining a specific CTL immunological response in a mammal over time.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method for treating a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease by inducing and sustaining an immunological attack on the malignant tumor or infectious disease in the mammal.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an article of manufacture useful for inducing and sustaining a specific immunological CTL response in a mammal over time.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an article of manufacture useful for treating a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease, which article is designed to induce and maintain an immunological attack on the malignant tumor or infectious disease in the mammal.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a portable device for sustained delivery of an antigen to a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease, where the antigen stimulates the mammal's immune system to attack the tumor or infectious disease and the device is located outside the mammal.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide an implantable device for sustained delivery of an antigen to a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease, where the antigen stimulates the mammal's immune system to attack the tumor or infectious disease.
It is a further object of this invention to provide antigen compositions and containers therefor that are useful in the methods, devices, and/or articles of manufacture of this invention.
Other objects of this invention may be apparent to those of skill in the art by reading the following specification and claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for inducing an immunological CTL response to an antigen by sustained, regular delivery of the antigen to a mammal so that the antigen reaches the lymphatic system. In particular, the antigen is delivered to the mammal at a level sufficient to induce an immunologic CTL response in the mammal and the level of the antigen in the mammal's lymphatic system is maintained over time sufficient to maintain the immunologic CTL
response.
Preferably, the antigen is delivered directly to the mammal's lymphatic system, such as to the spleen, a lymph node or lymph vessel.
Also provided is a method of treating an animal having a disease, or being predisposed to a disease, to which the animal's immune system mounts a cell-mediated response to a disease-related antigen to attack the disease. In this aspect of the invention, a disease-matched antigen is delivered to the animal at a level sufficient to induce an increased CTL-response in the animal which is then maintained in the animal by sustained, regular delivery of the disease-matched antigen to the animal for a time sufficient to treat the disease. The sustained, regular delivery of the antigen is done in a manner that maintains the level of antigen in the animal's lymphatic system.
Preferably, the sustained, regular delivery is achieved by pumping a physiologically-acceptable, composition of the antigen from a device held external of or implanted in the animal's body so that the antigen reaches the animal's lymph system.
Optionally, a cytokine that is capable of enhancing the CTL response is delivered and/or maintained along with the antigen. Diseases addressed in this manner include cancer and pathogenic diseases.
In a further aspect of the invention, an article of manufacture is provided for delivering an antigen that induces a CTL response in an animal. In particular, the article comprises a reservoir of a physiologically-acceptable, antigen-containing composition that is capable of inducing a CTL response in an animal; a pump connected to the reservoir to deliver the composition at a defined rate; a transmission line to discharge the composition from the reservoir; and, optionally, a delivery line connected to the transmission line, which delivery line is of a size suitable for positioning in the animal and for delivery of the composition in a manner that reaches the lymphatic system of the animal.
In a further aspect of the invention, a process is provided for preparing a system useful for inducing a sustained CTL response in an animal needing such a response, which comprises placing a physiologically-acceptable, antigen-containing composition in a reservoir having a pump for delivering the composition at a defined rate through a transmission line to the animal.
CROSS REFERENCE
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application 08/988,320 filed December 10, 1997.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method of inducing a CTL response to an antigen by sustained, regular delivery of the antigen to an animal so that the antigen reaches the lymphatic system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are white blood cells found in the blood, spleen and lymph. CTL have the ability to attack and kill other cells of the body in a highly specific manner. When CTL are stimulated by specific antigen, they migrate through the tissues of the body on a "search and destroy" mission for cells bearing the specific antigen. Whether of viral origin or tumor associated, CTL detect antigen that is bound to major histocompatability complexes (MHC) on the surface of potential target cells. Once CTL have identified the antigen on the cell surface, their function is to deliver a lethal hit to the cell.
Although there are hundreds of millions of CTL that reside in the spleen, each individual CTL exclusively responds to a unique and specific antigen. These individual CTL, dubbed CTL precursors (CTLp), undergo cell division or proliferate upon activation by specific antigen to produce daughter cells with precisely the same antigen specificity as the parent cell. This proliferation increases the total number, and thus the frequency, of that specific CTLp in the body. A proportion of these newly generated CTL briefly recirculate through the body (termed effector CTL), and have the ability to identify and destroy cells bearing the specific antigen which they recognize. A significant body of experimental evidence suggests that CTL
specific for tumor antigens can inhibit tumor growth. Unfortunately, most tumors have only a very weak capacity to stimulate CTL responses and there has been no means of inducing a CTL response then sustaining it over a period of time sufficient to continuously inhibit tumor growth. While many attempts to directly increase the capacity of tumor cells to stimulate tumor-clearing CTL responses in patients have been made, such attempts have met with limited success. Technical advances over the past ten years have, however, enabled the identification of natural peptide antigens that are present on tumor cells and which are recognized by CTL. These antigen targets include proteins expressed in significant overabundance, abnormally expressed embryonic proteins, protein products from mutated oncogcnes or suppressor genes, or proteins derived from cancer-causing viruses present in tumor cells. The challenge has been to find a way in which to administer an antigen so that it induces an anti-tumor CTL response and maintains it over time. While many attempts have now been made to use these antigens clinically in a vaccine, the results have been less than satisfactory.
An explanation of why CTL therapies have been largely ineffective at eradicating or controlling tumors in a clinical setting include the following:
(a) Vaccine designs have been inadequate at initiating strong CTL responses;
(b) Tumor cells can down regulate MHC molecules, resulting in the loss of antigen presentation from the surface of cells, thereby escaping detection by CTL;
1 S (c) After induction, effector CTL recirculation through the body is highly transient;
(d) After recirculation, CTL return to the spleen where they reside in a non-active or resting state, and an increase in the numbers of CTLp residing in the spleen does not reflect active CTL immunity;
(e) In the case of tumors, regrowth of residual tumor cells following immunization goes undetected by CTLp residing in spleen in a "resting" state;
(f) Because CTL-stimulating antigen-presenting cells (APC) are targeted for destruction by the same CTL that they have activated, the CTL response is self limiting, which precludes, under normal circumstances, the continuous stimulation for a long-lived CTL response.
A growing repertoire of tumor associated antigens are being discovered that are recognized by CTL. A variety of techniques have been suggested to render these antigens effective in CTL vaccines. These include immunization using synthetic peptide antigens mixed with an immunostimulatory adjuvant, such as the bacterial toxin BCG; immunization with multiple antigenic peptide systems (MAPS);
immunization with "professional" antigen presenting cells, which are isolated from the patient, pulsed with peptide antigen and inoculated back into the patient as a vaccine; immunization with peptides designed to stimulate both CTL and T
helper cell populations; immunization with viruses or bacteria engineered to express tumor r _ ~_._ _. _ _ antigensy and immunization with polynucleotide expression vectors (so called DNA
vaccines). Unfortunately, none of these approaches has been an unqualified success.
As discussed above, the lack of vigorous therapeutic effects with these vaccine platforms reflects at least to some degree problems associated with inducing a strong initial C'rL response and with maintaining ongoing "active" CTL immunity.
Studies by Glenny during the first quarter of the century revealed that aluminum compounds could enhance the strength of diphtheria vaccines. This was ostensibly the first of a long history of observations supporting a "depot"
theory of immunization, which postulates that antigen slowly leaking into the tissues over an extended time correlates with the antigenic potency of a vaccine. Today, this antigen depot paradigm forms the intellectual backdrop to most adjuvant development programs. In one form or another, depot type adjuvants are intended to prolong the course of antigen delivery, by forming a lesion at the site of injection, or simply by the slow degradability of the adjuvant itself, which mixed with the specific antigen forms a depot at the site of injection. A second function generally attributed to adjuvants are their immunostimulatory effects, which appears to trigger the immune system to respond to the vaccine. However, adjuvants are a double-edged sword.
They have inherent toxicities. But it is a feature of these toxicities that achieves a desired immunostimulatory and/or depot effect. Side effects such as tissue damage and granulomatous reaction at the site of injection, fever, and in some cases systemic reactions, such as Reiter's syndrome-like symptoms, uveitis and arthritis, are some of the risks associated with the use of adjuvants. Currently, the only adjuvant approved by the FDA is alum. It is relatively safe but does have side effects such as erythema, subcutaneous nodules, contact hypersensitivity, and granulomatous inflammation.
More importantly, alum only acts to potentiate a limited number of antigens, and it very predominantly stimulates humoral antibody responses rather than CTL
immunity. Thus so far adjuvants have proved to be very ineffective components for vaccines aimed at inducing clinically relevant CTL responses.
Recent attempts to induce CTL responses using dendritic cells or other antigen presenting cells, despite being cumbersome, have shown some promise. New recombinant virus or bacterial systems carrying genes for specific antigen are effective at inducing primary CTL responses. The most effective viruses, for example, that induce strong CTL responses are those which replicate aggressively in the host. Yet because of the risk for serious or lethal complications as a result of infection, recombinant virus used in a cancer vaccine must be only weakly replicative, or be completely replication deficient. This trade-off between virulence and efficacy is at present an intractable problem.
DNA (or polynucIeotide) vaccines are also being developed for the purpose of inducing CTL immunity. Once again, the system has intrinsic limitations that preclude its efficacy in inducing long-lasting CTL immunity. The DNA vaccines consist of a plasmid or similar genetic construct for expressing the antigen of interest.
Uptake of the plasmid system by cells of the body results in expression of the antigen and induction of CTL. However, once cells expressing the construct have succeeded in inducing CTL, they are themselves targets for eradication by the CTL. The CTL
inducing effect is thus again transient. Moreover, the polynucleotide vaccines have thus far suffered from poor efficiency in terms of CTL induction.
With difficulties in achieving strong primary and/or persisting CTL responses, there are a number of clinical trial groups now using repeated injections of cancer vaccines. The use of antigenically complex materials in the vaccine formulation, such as recombinant virus, or the costs associated with repetitive treatment using cultured APC will, however, make such an approach difficult. On the one hand, repetitive immunization with antigenically complex materials drives the immune system to elaborate a humoral antibody, as opposed to a CTL response, while on the other hand, use of a minimal CTL antigen (such as a nonamer peptide) which does not efficiently drive an antibody response, has also failed to induce a CTL response. Attempts to develop adjuvants that enhance the immunostimulatory aspects of minimal CTL
antigens have resulted in the production of materials (i.e. adjuvants) that also induce a competing humoral immune response, or, which simply offer little CTL
stimulatory effect.
It has also been suggested that certain controlled release technology using microspheres or liposomes with subunit antigens and peptides might be effective to enhance immunogenecity. The combination of sustained release and depot effect is suggested to reduce the amount of antigen needed and eliminate booster shots.
However, the preparation of such compositions is difficult and unpredictable, and vaccine formulations based on this technology have not been translated into effective clinical treatments.
As can be seen from the foregoing, there has been little success at developing a CTL vaccine that is both capable of inducing a strong CTL response then sustaining ........_ ?.. .. ..._.._............... _.. ..._._.__ ....
that response over time. The development of a vaccine with these capabilities is essential before effective anti-tumor therapy based on CTL immunity can be contemplated.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide a method for inducing or sustaining a specific CTL immunological response in a mammal over time.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method for treating a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease by inducing and sustaining an immunological attack on the malignant tumor or infectious disease in the mammal.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an article of manufacture useful for inducing and sustaining a specific immunological CTL response in a mammal over time.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an article of manufacture useful for treating a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease, which article is designed to induce and maintain an immunological attack on the malignant tumor or infectious disease in the mammal.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a portable device for sustained delivery of an antigen to a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease, where the antigen stimulates the mammal's immune system to attack the tumor or infectious disease and the device is located outside the mammal.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide an implantable device for sustained delivery of an antigen to a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease, where the antigen stimulates the mammal's immune system to attack the tumor or infectious disease.
It is a further object of this invention to provide antigen compositions and containers therefor that are useful in the methods, devices, and/or articles of manufacture of this invention.
Other objects of this invention may be apparent to those of skill in the art by reading the following specification and claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for inducing an immunological CTL response to an antigen by sustained, regular delivery of the antigen to a mammal so that the antigen reaches the lymphatic system. In particular, the antigen is delivered to the mammal at a level sufficient to induce an immunologic CTL response in the mammal and the level of the antigen in the mammal's lymphatic system is maintained over time sufficient to maintain the immunologic CTL
response.
Preferably, the antigen is delivered directly to the mammal's lymphatic system, such as to the spleen, a lymph node or lymph vessel.
Also provided is a method of treating an animal having a disease, or being predisposed to a disease, to which the animal's immune system mounts a cell-mediated response to a disease-related antigen to attack the disease. In this aspect of the invention, a disease-matched antigen is delivered to the animal at a level sufficient to induce an increased CTL-response in the animal which is then maintained in the animal by sustained, regular delivery of the disease-matched antigen to the animal for a time sufficient to treat the disease. The sustained, regular delivery of the antigen is done in a manner that maintains the level of antigen in the animal's lymphatic system.
Preferably, the sustained, regular delivery is achieved by pumping a physiologically-acceptable, composition of the antigen from a device held external of or implanted in the animal's body so that the antigen reaches the animal's lymph system.
Optionally, a cytokine that is capable of enhancing the CTL response is delivered and/or maintained along with the antigen. Diseases addressed in this manner include cancer and pathogenic diseases.
In a further aspect of the invention, an article of manufacture is provided for delivering an antigen that induces a CTL response in an animal. In particular, the article comprises a reservoir of a physiologically-acceptable, antigen-containing composition that is capable of inducing a CTL response in an animal; a pump connected to the reservoir to deliver the composition at a defined rate; a transmission line to discharge the composition from the reservoir; and, optionally, a delivery line connected to the transmission line, which delivery line is of a size suitable for positioning in the animal and for delivery of the composition in a manner that reaches the lymphatic system of the animal.
In a further aspect of the invention, a process is provided for preparing a system useful for inducing a sustained CTL response in an animal needing such a response, which comprises placing a physiologically-acceptable, antigen-containing composition in a reservoir having a pump for delivering the composition at a defined rate through a transmission line to the animal.
_~_~ ......~._ _._.____~. .~.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described in relation to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a graph showing the lysis of target cells by CTL versus the effectorltarget ratio when antigen is delivered as a single dose (circles) and when antigen is delivered by a continuous pump (triangles).
Figure 2 (A and B) are graphs showing the lysis of target cells by CTL versus the effector/target ratio when antigen is delivered as a single dose (circles), when antigen is delivered by a continuous pump (triangles) and negative control (squares) at (A) 36 hours and (B) 7 days.
Figure 2C is a graph showing the footpad swelling versus time when antigen is delivered as a single dose (circles) and when antigen is delivered by a continuous pump (triangles).
Figure 3 is a graph showing the lysis of target cells by CTL versus the dose of the peptide antigen when the antigen is delivered subcutaneously, intravenously and 1 S intrasplenically.
Figure 4 is a bar graph showing tritiated thymidine uptake in CTL cells induced by antigen introduced intravenously, intrasplenically and subcutaneously.
Figure 5 is a rough schematic of a human lymphatic system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Method of treatment One aspect of this invention is a method for inducing or sustaining a specific immunological response (i. e., a CTL response) in an animal that has a disease (or predisposition to a disease) in which the animal's immune system may attack the disease with a natural CTL response. The response and diseases are discussed in greater detail hereinafter. The method has particular value for treating an animal having a malignant tumor in order to inhibit the growth of the tumor or for treating a chronic infectious disease such as hepatitis or AIDS.
The method, along with other aspects of the invention, is useful in an animal having an immune system that includes a lymphatic system. This generally includes vertebrates, specifically mammals and particularly humans. Thus, this invention will fmd use in treating humans of all ages as well as in treating animals, i.e. in veterinary uses. The invention may be used for treating livestock such as cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, and the like or for treating household pets such as dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, mice, rats, and the like. The primary use will be for treating humans that are in need of having a specific immunological response sustained for treatment of a disease such as cancer or chronic infections.
A key aspect of this invention is the delivery of an appropriate antigen to the lymphatic system of the animal being treated and sustaining the delivery over time.
This is based in part on the observation that a strong induction and a sustained CTL
response require ongoing antigenic stimulation of the lymphatic system. In a human, the lymphatic system includes lymph, lymphocytes, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, the spleen, the thymus gland, and bone marrow. The lymphatic system performs three basic functions. First, it helps maintain fluid balance in the tissues.
Approximately 30 L of fluid pass from the blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces each day, whereas only 27 L pass from the interstitial spaces back into the blood capillaries. If the extra 3 L of interstitial fluid were to remain in the interstitial spaces, edema would result, causing tissue damage and eventual death. These 3 L of fluid (i. e. lymph) enter the lymph capillaries, then passes through the lymph vessels to return to the blood. Lymph is similar in composition to plasma. In addition to water, lymph contains solutes derived from two sources: (1) substances in plasma such as ions, nutrients, gases, and some proteins pass from blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces to become part of the lymph; and (2) substances derived from cells within the tissues such as hormones, enzymes, and waste products are also found in lymph.
The lymphatic system's second basic function is to absorb fats and other substances from the digestive tract. Special lymph vessels called lacteals are in the lining of the small intestine. Fats enter into the lacteals and pass through the lymph vessels to the venous circulation. The lymph passing through these capillaries has a milky appearance because of its fat content, and it is called chyle.
The third basic function of the lymphatic system is to act as part of the body's defense system. The lymph nodes filter lymph, and the spleen filters blood, removing microorganisms and other foreign substances. This third function is the function most important to this invention in that the antigen must be delivered to the lymph system at a level sufficient to elicit the desired, specific immunological response in the animal. Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a human lymphatic system showing the major lymphatic organs and vessels.
As hereinbefore mentioned, the present invention relates to a method of inducing or sustaining a specific immunological response (particularly a CTL
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described in relation to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a graph showing the lysis of target cells by CTL versus the effectorltarget ratio when antigen is delivered as a single dose (circles) and when antigen is delivered by a continuous pump (triangles).
Figure 2 (A and B) are graphs showing the lysis of target cells by CTL versus the effector/target ratio when antigen is delivered as a single dose (circles), when antigen is delivered by a continuous pump (triangles) and negative control (squares) at (A) 36 hours and (B) 7 days.
Figure 2C is a graph showing the footpad swelling versus time when antigen is delivered as a single dose (circles) and when antigen is delivered by a continuous pump (triangles).
Figure 3 is a graph showing the lysis of target cells by CTL versus the dose of the peptide antigen when the antigen is delivered subcutaneously, intravenously and 1 S intrasplenically.
Figure 4 is a bar graph showing tritiated thymidine uptake in CTL cells induced by antigen introduced intravenously, intrasplenically and subcutaneously.
Figure 5 is a rough schematic of a human lymphatic system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Method of treatment One aspect of this invention is a method for inducing or sustaining a specific immunological response (i. e., a CTL response) in an animal that has a disease (or predisposition to a disease) in which the animal's immune system may attack the disease with a natural CTL response. The response and diseases are discussed in greater detail hereinafter. The method has particular value for treating an animal having a malignant tumor in order to inhibit the growth of the tumor or for treating a chronic infectious disease such as hepatitis or AIDS.
The method, along with other aspects of the invention, is useful in an animal having an immune system that includes a lymphatic system. This generally includes vertebrates, specifically mammals and particularly humans. Thus, this invention will fmd use in treating humans of all ages as well as in treating animals, i.e. in veterinary uses. The invention may be used for treating livestock such as cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, and the like or for treating household pets such as dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, mice, rats, and the like. The primary use will be for treating humans that are in need of having a specific immunological response sustained for treatment of a disease such as cancer or chronic infections.
A key aspect of this invention is the delivery of an appropriate antigen to the lymphatic system of the animal being treated and sustaining the delivery over time.
This is based in part on the observation that a strong induction and a sustained CTL
response require ongoing antigenic stimulation of the lymphatic system. In a human, the lymphatic system includes lymph, lymphocytes, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, the spleen, the thymus gland, and bone marrow. The lymphatic system performs three basic functions. First, it helps maintain fluid balance in the tissues.
Approximately 30 L of fluid pass from the blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces each day, whereas only 27 L pass from the interstitial spaces back into the blood capillaries. If the extra 3 L of interstitial fluid were to remain in the interstitial spaces, edema would result, causing tissue damage and eventual death. These 3 L of fluid (i. e. lymph) enter the lymph capillaries, then passes through the lymph vessels to return to the blood. Lymph is similar in composition to plasma. In addition to water, lymph contains solutes derived from two sources: (1) substances in plasma such as ions, nutrients, gases, and some proteins pass from blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces to become part of the lymph; and (2) substances derived from cells within the tissues such as hormones, enzymes, and waste products are also found in lymph.
The lymphatic system's second basic function is to absorb fats and other substances from the digestive tract. Special lymph vessels called lacteals are in the lining of the small intestine. Fats enter into the lacteals and pass through the lymph vessels to the venous circulation. The lymph passing through these capillaries has a milky appearance because of its fat content, and it is called chyle.
The third basic function of the lymphatic system is to act as part of the body's defense system. The lymph nodes filter lymph, and the spleen filters blood, removing microorganisms and other foreign substances. This third function is the function most important to this invention in that the antigen must be delivered to the lymph system at a level sufficient to elicit the desired, specific immunological response in the animal. Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a human lymphatic system showing the major lymphatic organs and vessels.
As hereinbefore mentioned, the present invention relates to a method of inducing or sustaining a specific immunological response (particularly a CTL
_ _ _.. _ _ __. ~._ _.
response) to an antigen in an animal over time. The method comprises delivering the antigen to the animal in a manner that delivers the antigen into the lymphatic system of an animal to sustain the desired response over time. Generally this is done by establishing a mechanism to transfer an antigen from a reservoir to the animal's lymphatic system on a regular basis over time. The antigen may be delivered by a variety of methods that target intralymphatic presentation, including subcutaneous injection, direct injection into the lymphatic system by an antigen delivery vehicle that is implanted, preferably at or near a lymphatic organ, or by an antigen delivery vehicle that is external to the animal but contains a means (e.g. a needle or catheter) to deliver the antigen into the lymphatic system. By this method one can avoid multiple ongoing injections and can also avoid the use of including professional antigen-presenting cells in the composition held in the reservoir.
The method of this invention can be viewed as inducing CTL immune response by providing high continuous local concentrations of antigen, which otherwise is quickly removed and degraded from the body after bolus injection.
Potent activation of CD8+T cells requires signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR) in a manner that is dependent on both quantitative and qualitative factors.
Quantitative factors refer to the number of TCRs engaged by peptide-MHC
complexes. Qualitative considerations include the duration of engagement of the TCR by peptide-MHC complexes, with specific peptide-MHC complexes. Sustained regular deliveries of antigen allows optimal conditions to be established for inducing CD8+ T cells.
The antigen is delivered to the animal so that the antigen is present in the animal's lymphatic system on a sustained basis over a period of time. That is to say, it is delivered in such a way that the presence of the antigen is maintained over the period of time in the animal's lymphatic system. Thus, the antigen is delivered to the animal on a regular basis, i.e. the antigen is delivered regularly without significant intemzption over the period of time. This regular delivery is achieved by the constant delivery of the antigen at low levels directly to the lymphatic system using an external device ar an implantable device, as discussed hereinafter. Alternatively, the antigen can be delivered at higher levels to the animal by subcutaneous injection with indirect absorption or equilibration with the lymph system. Delivery on a regular basis is meant to include intermittent (stopping and transmitting at intervals) as well as continuous (transmitting without interruption) delivery. In intermittent delivery, the - ' WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 times transmission is stopped will not be enough to reduce the level of antigen in the animal's lymphatic system to eliminate the desired specific immunological response.
Thus, the antigen may be delivered in pulses or small doses over time.
Preferably, the sustained delivery is achieved by the positioning of a means of delivery so that the animal being treated does not have to receive multiple injections of the antigen, but instead has only one insertion of the means for delivery, e.g. an insertion of a catheter or needle for infusion of a suitable antigen-containing composition or the surgical implantation of an implantable device that release an appropriate, antigen-containing composition on a sustained basis.
The period of time over which the antigen will be released will be a time sufficient to induce and maintain the desired specific immunological response, e.g. to maintain a CTL response, and in the case of an animal with a tumor or infection, at a level sufficient to stimulate the immune system to attack the tumor and inhibit its growth or to attack the infection. Generally, this period of time may vary from a few days, e.g. a week, to a year or more. Preferably, the treatment, i.e.
sustained delivery of the antigen, will extend for at least seven days and no more than six months. It has been found that the CTL response is induced by administration for at least seven days.
To determine the period of time, the attending physician will evaluate, i.e., the severity of the condition, the strength of the patient, the antigenic response (e.g., the level of CD8+ cells measurable in the patient's system), the presence of toxic effects, and other factors known to one of skill in the art. Ultimately the time for sustained delivery in a cancer patient will be that necessary for improvement in the patient as evidenced by reduction in the size of the tumor, the rate of growth of the tumor, and/or the improvement in the overall health of the patient being treated. In the treatment of infectious diseases the treatment is continued until the health of the patient improves sufficiently to stop treatment.
The underlying immunological rationale for the utility of this invention arises from certain immunological considerations. The immune system has evolved to protect the host from microbial infection. CD4+ T cells together with B cells are the main components of the immune system humoral effector arm, which is crucial to eliminate extracellular pathogens or toxins. In contrast, the CD8+ T cell arm of the immune system is mainly responsible for eliminating intracellular pathogens, i.e. most importantly viruses, either via cytokine release or by cytotoxic activity. It is now emerging that these most efficient "killer cells" of the immune system would best _ _..~. _ _ serve as the primary effector cells in tumor immunotherapy. An object of this invention is to mount a disease-specific CTL response (CD8+ T cell response) against the disease and sustain it over time, e.g., a tumor specific or microbial specific CTL
response.
~ C:D8+ T cells recognize antigenic oligopeptides presented on HLA class I
molecules of target cells, e.g., tumor cells. The sequences of many HLA-Al and HLA-A2 presented tumor and pathogen specific antigen peptides have recently been characterized. These peptides may be used in this invention to induce, e.g., a melanoma-specific CD8+ T cell response. These peptides are discussed hereinafter.
In contrast to viral infection, class I-binding oligopeptides show only low immunogenicity. Most viruses induce peak CD8+ T cell responses around 7-10 days after systemic spread. This invention aims at enhancing the immunogenecity of class I
binding oligopeptides by sustained, regular release of peptide into a lymphatic system and continued release into the lymphatic system.
In contrast to antibody-mediated B cell memory, which is long lived, T cell memory appears to be short lived or non-existent. In accordance with this invention, maintenance of functional T cell memory depends on persistence of antigen through continued, regular administration of the desired antigen. Having made this invention and looking at past concepts that might support this underlying rationale, some evidence includes the observation that delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) of the tuberculin type (the only functional test for T cell memory in humans), can be elicited only in granulomatous disease, such as tuberculosis (tuberculin test), leprosy (lepromin test), brucellosis (brucellin test), sarcoidosis (Kveim test), Histoplasmosis (histoplasimin test) etc., but no such test could be established for non-granulomatous infectious disease. A factor that all granulomatous diseases have in common, is that the antigen persists within the granuloma - professional antigen presenting cells can use this reservoir to continuously restimulate specific T cells in lymphoid organs. In mice models (see Example 3) it is demonstrated that maintenance of functional CD8+
T cell memory was strictly dependent on continuous antigenic restimulation.
T'o determine whether a CTL response is obtained in an animal being treated in accordance with this invention, one measures the level of CD8+ cells (i. e.
CTL) present in the blood or lymphatic organs such as the spleen or lymph nodes.
This determination is done by first measuring the level of CD8+ cells before performing the method of this invention and measuring the level during treatment, e.g. at 7, 10, 20, 40 days, etc. The level or strength of the CD8+ (CTL) response can be assessed in vivo or in vitro. In humans, there exists so far only one in vivo test to measure CD8+
T cell responses, which is a skin test. In this skin test, HLA class I binding peptides are injected intradermally (such as described in Jager, E. et al. Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor Enhances Immune Responses To Melanoma associated Peptides in vivo Int. J. Cancer 67, 54-62 (1996)). If a CTL
response is present, these cells will recognize and attack peptide pulsed dermal cells, causing a local inflammatory reaction either via cytokine release or the cytotoxic mechanism (Kiindig, T.M., Althage, A., Hengartner, H. & Zinkernagel, R.M. A skin test to assess CD8+ cytotoxic T cell activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7757-776 (1992)).
This inflammatory reaction can be quantified by measuring the diameter of the local skin rash and/or by measuring the diameter of the infiltrate (i.e., the swelling reaction). As an alternative to the injection of soluble free peptide, the HLA-class I
binding peptide can also be injected intradermally in a bound form, e.g., bound to extracorporally derived dendritic cells. In other mammals, additional, although experimental, in vivo tests to assess CD8+ T cell responses exist. For example, in a mouse model, CD8+ T cell responses can be measured by challenge infection with a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the peptide used for immunization. While naive mice succumb to the infection with the vaccina recombinant virus, mice with preexisting CD8+ T cell immunity against the peptide epitope expressed by the vaccinia recombinant virus, are immune to reinfection. The level of immunity to reinfection can be quantified as the factor of reduction of the vaccinia virus titer recovered from mouse organs after challenge infection (Bachmann, M.F. &
Kundig, T.M. In vitro vs. in vivo assays for the assessment of T-and B- cell function.
Curr.Opin.lmmunol. 6, 320-326 (1994)). For example, 5 days after challenge infection, a typical vaccinia recombinant virus titer recovered from a mouse ovary would be around 10' pfu per ovary, whereas the vaccinia recombinant virus titer in a mouse with a preexisting CD8+ T cell response against the recombinant gene product would for example be around 103 pfu per ovary. Such a 10,000 fold-reduction in virus titer reflects biologically significant preexisting CD8+ T cell activity against the recombinant gene product.
The level of CD8+ T cell responses can also be quantified in vitro, by estimating the number of CD8+ T cells specific for the antigenic peptide in question.
In a naive mammal the so called "frequency", i.e., the number of specific CD8+
T
_. ___ ..._. __ _ _ cells divided by the number of non-specific white blood cells, is less than 10'6. After successful immunization, the frequency increases due to proliferation of specific T
cells. During an acute viral infection, for example, the frequency of specific CD8+ T
cells may rise to 10-2. Then, after elimination of the virus, the frequency of specific CD8+ T cells usually drops to a "memory" level of around 10~. Thus, the CD8+ T
cell response can be quantified by measuring the frequency of specific CD8+ T
cells.
~ The higher the frequency, the stronger the response. The classical assays used to measure the frequency of specific CD8+ T cells are based on limiting dilution cell culture techniques, as described in detail by Kiindig, T.M. et al. (On the role of antigen :in maintaining cytotoxic T cell memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 9716-9723 ( 1996)). A
novel approach to estimate the frequency of specific CD8+ T cells is to construct soluble class I MHC (for use in mice) or HLA molecules (for use in humans) with a peptide bound to their groove, so that the specific T cell receptors will bind to these complexes. These complexes can be labeled for detection, for example, with a fluorescent substance, allowing for detection by flow cytometry.
One current procedure to render peptides immunogenic is to inject them in context with "nature's most potent adjuvant", i. e., professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) (Steinmann, R.M., The dendritic cells system and its role in immunogenicity, Annual Review of Immunology 9, 271-96 (1991)). DCs are the most potent APCs of the immune system. They can now be cultured in vitro by adding granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-4 (IL-4) to progenitors isolated from the blood of patients or mice (Inaba, K. et al., Identification of proliferating dendritic cell precursors in mouse blood, Journal of Experimental Medicine 175, 1157-1167 (1992)}. Large numbers of DCs can then be pulsed with tumor specific antigen peptides and are injected back into the patient, where they migrate into lymphatic organs to induce T cell responses (Young, J.W. & Inaba, K., Dendritic Cells As Adjuvants For Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex-restricted Anti-tumor Immunity, Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, 7-11 (1996)).
An object of this invention is to circumvent the time-consuming, labor intensive procedure of culturing DCs after isolation of DC progenitors and deliver the antigen to the lymphatic system free of APCs such as DCs. The method of this invention, i.e., the sustained, regular delivery of antigen into a lymphatic organ, allows sufficiently high local concentrations of antigen inside the lymphatic organ, such that professional antigen presenting cells, e.g., dendritic cells, can be loaded with peptide in vivo. This can be viewed as a method of loading antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells) in vivo for inducing a CTL response.
The method of the present invention is clearly advantageous over the prior art methods for inducing a CTL response against a tumor or virus. For example, the present invention does not require repetitive immunizations to effect for prolonged anti-tumor immunotherapy. The sustained delivery of the antigen maintains the CTL
response that could ultimately afford a prolonged aggressive posture of CTL
against tumor cells, more thorough eradication, and protection against recurrence during the vaccine treatment. In the absence of antigen, CTL that have undergone primary activation soon cease to recirculate through the body, soon finding their way to the spleen where they become quiescent. Since CTL must immediately deliver a lethal hit, their residence in the spleen precludes an active role in protection against infections or tumor growth at distant sites in the body. The controlled release of antigen recognized by CTL in this invention circumvents this outcome as antigen delivery is maintained. Sustained released antigen delivery to the lymphatic system by this invention solves two major problems: it provides for potent CTL
stimulation that takes place in the milieu of the lymphoid organ, and it sustains stimulation that is necessary to keep CTL active, cytotoxic and recirculating through the body.
Another fundamental improvement of the present method over prior art is that it facilitates the use of inherently non-immunogenic peptide antigens for CTL
stimulation without the combined use of conventional adjuvants. This is very beneficial as most experimental adjuvants are toxic and poorly suited for use in humans. In addition adjuvants stimulate the TH2-type humoral immune response that negatively affects the CTL response. Further, since conventional adjuvants are not required, only the minimal antigenic epitope for a CTL response is required in the formulation.
An additional advantage to the method of the present invention, where it embodies the use of mechanical delivery systems, is that the antigen delivery can be stopped if any adverse immunological effects are observed. For example, in vaccines against melanoma, CTL have been induced to attack not only malignant melanocytes but also healthy tissue, causing "vitiligo." The ability to discontinue a CTL
vaccine at any time is a significant advance in vaccine safety. Peptides have a short half life due T __ ~. w_ _ _ to catabolism in the liver. Therefore, the stimulation-effect falls soon after cessation of delivery.
As pointed out before, the method of this invention has two parts: ( 1 ) inducing an increased CTL response and (2) maintaining the response. The inducing and maintaining may be performed using the same device, as discussed hereinafter, or the inducing may be done separately, e.g., by a separate injection of an antigen then following up with sustained delivery of the antigen over time to maintain the response.
Diseases treated according to the invention In general, this invention is useful for treating an animal having (or being predisposed to) any disease to which the animal's immune system mounts a cell-mediated response to a disease-related antigen in order to attack the disease.
Thus, the type of disease may be a malignant tumor or a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacterium, virus, protozoan, helminth, or other microbial pathogen that enters intracellularly and is attacked, i. e., by the cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In addition, the invention is useful for treating an animal that may be at risk of developing such diseases.
Malignant Tumors In a mature animal, a balance usually is maintained between cell renewal and cell death in most organs and tissues. The various types of mature cells in the body have a given life span; as these cells die, new cells are generated by the proliferation and differentiation of various types of stem cells. Under normal circumstances, the production of new cells is so regulated that the numbers of any particular type of cell remain constant. Occasionally, though, cells arise that are no longer responsive to normal growth-control mechanisms. These cells give rise to clones of cells that can expand to a considerable size, producing a tumor, or neoplasm. A tumor that is not capable of indefinite growth and does not invade the healthy surrounding tissue extensively is benign. A tumor that continues to grow and becomes progressively invasive is malignant; the term cancer refers specifically to a malignant tumor. In addition to uncontrolled growth, malignant tumors exhibit metastasis; in this process, small clusters of cancerous cells dislodge from a tumor, invade the blood or lymphatic vessels, and are earned to other tissues, where they continue to proliferate.
In this way a primary tumor at one site can give rise to a secondary tumor at another site.
IS
The methods, devices and articles of manufacture discussed herein are useful for treating animals having malignant tumors.
Malignant tumors treated according to this invention are classified according to the embryonic origin of the tissue from which the tumor is derived.
Carcinomas are tumors arising from endodermal or ectodermal tissues such as skin or the epithelial lining of internal organs and glands. A melanoma is a type of carcinoma of the skin for which this invention is particularly useful. Sarcomas, which arise less frequently, are derived from mesodermal connective tissues such as bone, fat, and cartilage. The leukemias and lymphomas are malignant tumors of hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. Leukemias proliferate as single cells, whereas lymphomas tend to grow as tumor masses. The malignant tumors may show up at numerous organs or tissues of the body to establish a cancer. The types of cancer that can be treated in accordance with this invention include the following: bladder, brain, breast, cervical, colo-rectal, esophageal, kidney, liver, lung, nasopharangeal, pancreatic, prostate, skin, stomach, uterine, and the like. The present invention is not limited to the treatment of an existing tumor or infectious disease but can also be used to prevent or lower the risk of developing such diseases in an individual, i.e., for prophylactic use.
Potential candidates for prophylactic vaccination include individuals with a high risk of developing cancer, i.e., with a personal or tuminal history of certain types of cancer.
The incidence of skin cancer has increased substantially over the last decades.
Lifetime analysis indicates that around 1/1500 humans born in 1935, 1/600 born in 1960, 1/100 born in 1990 and a projected 1/75 humans born in the year 2000 will have melanoma in their lifetime. Surgical excision usually cures melanoma.
However, even small looking lesions may have already metastasized at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis of metastasized melanoma is very poor and correlates with the thickness of the primary tumor and with its localization.
The current treatment of malignant melanoma aims at surgical removal of the primary tumor. If metastases are present, chemotherapy and biological response modifiers are additionally used. However, patients with stage IV malignant melanoma are almost invariably incurable and treatments are palliative.
Patients with Stage IV malignant melanoma have a median survival time of approximately one year and only a 10% chance of long-term survival. There is at present no generally accepted standard therapy for metastatic melanoma. Objective response rates to mono- or polychemotherapy are low in comparison with other tumors, reaching no more than 15-35%. An improved treatment outcome in stage IV malignant melanoma seems unachievable either by chemotherapeutic combinations or by increasing doses to levels where autologous bone marrow transplantation becomes necessary. The method of this invention is useful for treating malignant melanoma, even at Stage IV.
Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases, which have plagued animal populations (particularly humans) throughout history, still cause millions of deaths each year. The infectious diseases that can be treated using this invention include those caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and the like. These diseases include such chronic diseases such as acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis (hepatitis A, B C, D, E, F virus), measles, mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus), whooping cough (pertussis), AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus 1 & 2), rabies, yellow fever, and the like. Other diseases caused by human papilloma virus or various strains of virus are treatable by this method.
In some instances, the mammal, in particular human, can be treated prophylactically, such as when there may be a risk of developing disease. An individual travelling to or living in an area of endemic infectious disease may be considered to be at risk and a candidate for prophylactic vaccination against the particular infectious agent. For example, the CTL response can be induced in a human expecting to enter a malarial area and/or while in the malarial area by using a CTL-inducing, malaria-specific antigen to lower the risk of developing malaria.
Preventative treatment can be applied to any number of diseases including those listed above, where there is a known relationship between the particular disease and a particular risk factor, such as geographical location or work environment.
Antigens useful in the invention An antigen useful in this invention is one that stimulates the immune system of a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease to attack the tumor and inhibit its growth or to destroy the pathogen causing the disease. Thus, the antigen used in the invention is matched to the specific disease found in the animal being treated. In this regard the antigen may be said to induce a CTL response (also referred to as a cell-mediated immune response), i.e. a cytotoxic reaction by the immune system that results in lysis of the target cells (e.g., the malignant tumor cells or pathogen-infected cells).
To determine whether an antigen is matched to a particular patient, whether human or other animal, the tissue type of the patient is first determined. If human, the tissue must demonstrate the appropriate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) capable of binding and displaying the antigen to CTL. It is preferable that the HLA
typing be performed on the target cells, since a significant portion of tumors escape immune detection by downregulating expression of HLA. Therefore HLA expression on normal cells of the patient does not necessarily reflect that found on tumor cells in their body. A tumor from a patient is also screened to determine if he or she expresses the antigen that is being used in the vaccine formulation.
Immunohistochemistry and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques both can be used to detect antigen in the tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry offers the advantage in that it stains a cross-section of tumor in a slide preparation, allowing investigators to observe the antigen expression pattern in cross-section of tumor, which is typically heterogeneous for antigen expression. PCR has the advantage of not requiring specific monoclonal antibodies for staining and is a fast and powerful technique. In addition, PCR can be applied in situ. Ideally, both immunohistochemical and PCR methods should be combined when assessing antigen expression in tumors. While the antigen compositions useful in this invention are designed to include the most commonly expressed tumor antigens (as discussed hereafter), not all tumors will express the desired antigens}. Where a tumor fails to express the desired antigen, the patient is excluded for consideration for that particular antigen composition. Thus, an aspect of this invention is a process for preparing a device useful for providing a sustained CTL response over time by matching a subject's antigen specific to the tumor or pathogen in the subject, preparing a physiologically-acceptable composition of the antigen so matched, and combining the composition in a suitable delivery device as discussed in hereinafter.
Immune activation of CD8+ T cells generates a population of effector cells with lytic capability called cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTL. These effector cells have important roles in the recognition and elimination of malignant cells and pathogens. In general, CTL are CD8+ and are therefore class I MHC restricted, although in rare instances CD4+ class II - restricted T cells have been shown to function as CTL. Since virtually all nucleated cells in the body express class I MHC
molecules, CTL can recognize and eliminate almost any altered body cell. CD8+T
cells recognize antigen presented on HLA class I molecules of tumor cells through T
cell receptors.
The CTL-mediated immune response can be divided into two phases, reflecting different aspects of the cytotoxic T-cell response. The first phase involves the activation and differentiation of T~ (CD8+) cells into functional effector CTLs. In the second phase, CTLs recognize antigen - class I MHC complexes on specific target cells, initiating a sequence of events that culminates in target-cell destruction. Further detailed discussion of the process is found at Chapter 15 of the Second Edition of "Immunology" by Janis Kuby, W.H. Freeman and Company (1991).
The type of tumor antigen useful in this invention may be a tumor-specific antigen (TSA) or a tumor-associated antigen (TAA). A TSA is unique to tumor cells and does not occur on other cells in the body. A TAA associated antigen is not unique to a tumor cell and instead is also expressed on a normal cell under conditions that fail to induce a state of immunologic tolerance to the antigen. The expression of the antigen on the tumor may occur under conditions that enable the immune system to respond to the antigen. TAAs may be antigens that are expressed on normal cells during fetal development when the immune system is immature and unable to respond or they may be antigens that are normally present at extremely low levels on normal cells but which are expressed at much higher levels on tumor cells. TSAs and TAAs can be jointly referred to as TRA or a tumor related antigen.
Tumor antigens useful in the present invention, whether tumor-specific or tumor-associated, must be capable of inducing a CTL-mediated immune response.
The presence of tumor antigens that elicit a cell-mediated response has been demonstrated by the rejection of tumors transplanted into syngeneic recipients;
because of this phenomenon, these tumor antigens are referred to as tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTAs) or tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATAs). It has been difficult to characterize tumor transplantation antigens because they do not generally elicit an antibody response and therefore they cannot be isolated by immunoprecipitation. Many are peptides that are presented together with MHC
molecules on the surface of tumor cells and have been characterized by their ability to induce an antigen-specific CTL.
The type of pathogen specific antigen useful in this invention may be short oligopeptides derived from pathogen proteins. These oligopeptides must bind to class I MHC (for use in mice), class I HLA (for use in humans), or class I molecules of any other mammals. Also, such class I molecule bound peptides should be recognizable by specific T cell receptors. Such oligopeptides usually have a length of 8-15 amino acids. Several examples of such pathogen derived oligopeptides, so called T
cell epitopes, are given in Tables I and II.
The tumor antigens and pathogen-specific antigens useful in this invention are generally thought to be presented at the surface of an antigen presenting cell (APC) to stimulate the immune system through class I molecules of the major histocompatability complex (MHC) interactively with the CD8+ cells.
Antigens useful in the invention are generally protein-based entities of a molecular weight of up to 100,000 daltons. Appropriate antigens include, but are not limited to differentiation antigens, tumor-specific multilineage antigens, embryonic antigens, antigens of oncogenes and mutated tumor-suppressor genes, unique tumor antigens resulting from chromosomal translocations, viral antigens, and others that may be apparent presently or in the future to one of skill in the art. It is preferable that the antigen be a peptide of 8 to 15 amino acids in length that is an epitope of a larger antigen, i.e. it is a peptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the site on the larger molecule that is recognized and bound by a particular T-cell receptor. These smaller peptides are available to one of skill in the art by following the teachings of LT.S. Patents 5,747,269 to Rammensee et al. issued May 5, 1998;
5,698,396 to Pfreundschuh issued December 16, 1997; and PCT Application Numbers PCT/EP95/02593 filed 4 July 1995, PCT/DE96/00351 filed 26 Feb 1996, and PCT/EP97/05198 filed 22 Sept 1997, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
A powerful method has been recently developed for identifying new peptides that are useful in the invention. Genes determined to express protein with high exclusivity in tumor cells or microbial cells (e.g. viruses) can be identified using a so called SERER process, which involves expression cloning using tumor cell libraries and screening these libraries against immunoglobulin in patient sera. Over one hundred genes have recently been identified from tumor biopsies using this process.
These genes can now be used in a peptide prediction algorithm developed by Hans-Georg Rammensee. Algorithms have been developed for all major HLA types found in the human population. First the protein sequence is "translated" based on the gene sequence. The algorithms can predict peptide epitopes for various HLA types based on the protein sequence. Since the predicted peptides are indeed predictions and are not always naturally found on cells, tumor samples are used to confirm the predicted peptides by actually isolating minute trace peptide from tumors. Being able to calculate the exact mass of the predicted peptides allows trace peptide identification using ultrasensitive mass spectrophotometry, which can detect peptides in quantities less that that which would permit peptide sequencing and identification. Once these tumor-associated peptides have been identified they are suitable for use in the invention, since peptides of a known sequence may be synthesized in large quantities (several grams) providing for sufficient amounts of peptides for use in this invention.
Thus it can be seen that another aspect of this invention is a process for preparing a composition useful in a device of this invention as discussed hereinafter.
The process comprises identifying a gene determined to express a protein with high exclusivity in a tumor or microbial cell, cloning cell libraries, screening the libraries against immunoglobulin in patient sera, using the algorithm defined in the literature developed by Hans-George Rammensee to predict an epitope for the HLA type 1 S protein based on the gene sequence, matching the predicted antigen sequence to a patient tumor sample, isolating the matched antigen, and preparing a composition of the antigen for use in a delivery device as discussed hereinafter.
Examples of laxge, protein-based antigens include the following:
differentiation antigens such as MART-1/MelanA (MART-I), gp100 (Pmel 17), tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and tumor-specific multilineage antigens such as MADE-1, MAGE-3, BAGE, GAGE-1, GAGE-2, p15; overexpressed embryonic antigens such as CEA; overexpressed oncogenes and mutated tumor-suppressor genes such as p53, Ras, HER-2/neu; unique tumor antigens resulting from chromosomal translocations such as BCR-ABL, E2A-PRL, H4-RET, IGH-IGK, MYL-RAR; and viral antigens, such as the Epstein Barr virus antigens EBVA and the human papillomavirus (HPV) antigens E6 and E7. Other large, protein-based antigens include TSP-180, MAGE-4, MAGE-S, MAGE-6, RAGE, NY-ESO, p185erbB2, p180erbB-3, c-met, nm-23H1, PSA, TAG-72, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, CAM 17.1, NuMa, K-ras, 13-Catenin, CDK4, Mum-1, p15, p16. These protein-based antigens are known and available to those of skill in the art in the literature or commercially.
F;xamples of peptide antigens of 8-15 amino acids include those set forth in Table I, Table II, and Table III. Table I sets forth antigens that are virally derived.
The Table shows the virus type, the protein expressed by the virus, the amino acid (AA) position on the viral protein, the AA sequence of the T-cell epitope/MHC
ligand, the type of MHC molecule presenting the antigen, and a reference source. A
more complete list is provided in the book by Han-Georg Rammensee, Jutta Bachmann, and Stefan Stevanovic entitled "MHC Ligands and Peptide Motifs,"
Springer-Verlag, Germany, 1997 Landes Bioscience, Austin, Texas). The reference number given in Table I is the same number (and reference source) given in Table 5.3 of the above Rammensee book, all of which is incorporated herein by reference.
WO 99!02183 PCTNS98/14289 Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell elpitope/MHC molecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) Adenovirus 3 E3 9Kd 30-38 LIVIGILIL HLA-A*0201 104 (SEQ. ID NO.:1 ) Adenovirus 5 ElA 234-243 SGPSNTPPEI H2-Db 105 (SEQ. ID N0.:2) Adenovirus 5 E1B 192-200 VNIRNCCYI H2-Db 106 (SEQ. ID N0.:3) Adenovirus 5 ElA 234-243 SGPSNIPPEI H2-Db 106 ('hI) (SEQ. ID N0.:4) CSFV NS polyprotein2276-2284ENALLVALF SLA, haplotype107 d/d (SEQ. ID N0.:5 Dengue virus NS3 500-508 TPEGIIPTL HLA-B*3501 108, 109 (SEQ. ID N0.:6 EBV LMP-2 426-434 CL,GGLLTMV HLA-A*0201 110 (SEQ. ID N0.:7) EBV EBNA-1 480-484 NIAEGLRAL HL.A-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:8) EBV EBNA-1 519-527 NLRRGTALA HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:9) EBV EBNA-1 525-533 ALAIPQCItL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:10) EBV EBNA-1 575-582 VLKDAIKDL 11LA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:1 I ) EBV EBNA-1 562-570 FMVFLQTHI HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. iD N0.:12) EBV EBNA-2 15-23 HL1VDTDSL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:13) EBV EBNA-2 22-30 SLGNPSLSV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:14) EBV EBNA-2 126-134 PLASAMRML HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:15) EBV EBNA-2 132-140 luvILWMANYI HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:16) EBV EBNA-2 133-141 MLWMANYIV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:17) EBV EBNA-2 151-159 ILPQGPQTA HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:18) EBV EBNA-2 171-179 PLRPTAPTI HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:19) EBV EBNA-2 205-213 PLPPATLTV HLA-A*0201 i 1 I
(SEQ. ID N0.:20) EBV EBNA-2 246-254 ItMHLPVLHV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:21) EBV EBNA-2 287-295 PMPLPPSQL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:22) EBV EBNA-2 294-302 QLPPPAAPA HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:23) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitope/~C molecule Ref MHC
.
ligansl (Antigen) EBV EBNA-2 381-389 SMPELSPVL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:24) EBV EBNA-2 453-461 DLDESWDYI HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:25) EBV BZLF1 43-51 PLPCVLWPV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:26) EBV BZLF1 167-I75 SLEECDSEL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:27) EBV BZLF1 1?6-184 EIKRYKNRV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:28) EBV BZLF1 195-203 QLLQHYREV HLA-A*0201 Ill (SEQ. ID N0.:29) EBV BZLF1 196-204 LLQHYREVA HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:30) EBV BZLF1 2i7-225 LLKQMCPSL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:31 ) EBV BZLF1 229-237 SIIPRTPDV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:32) EBV EBNA-6 284-293 LLDFVRFMGV HLA-A*0201 112 (SEQ. ID N0.:33) EBV EBNA-3 464-472 SVRDRLARL HLA-A*0203 113 (SEQ. ID N0.:34) EBV EBNA-4 416-424 IVTDFSVIK HLA-A* I 101 114, 115 (SEQ. ID N0.:35) EBV EBNA-4 399-408 AVFDRKSDAK HLA-A*0201 116 (SEQ. ID N0.:36) (SEQ. ID N0.:37) (SEQ. ID N0.:38) (SEQ. ID N0.:39) (SEQ. ID N0.:40) (SEQ. ID N0.:41) (SEQ. ID N0.:42) (SEQ. ID N0.:43) (SEQ. ID N0.:44) (SEQ. ID N0.:45) {SEQ. ID N0.:46) (SEQ. ID N0.:47) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC moleculeRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) (SEQ. ID N0.:48) (SEQ. ID N0.:49) (SEQ. ID N0.:50) (SEQ. ID NO.:S1) (SEQ. ID N0.:52) (SEQ. ID NO.:S3) (SEQ. ID N0.:54) (SEQ. ID N0.:55) (SEQ. ID N0.:56) EBV LMP-2 236-244 RRRWRRLTV HLA-B*2704 119 (SEQ. ID N0.:57) EBV EBNA-6 258-266 RRIYDLIEL HLA-B*2705 119 (SEQ. ID N0.:58) EBV EBNA-3 458-466 YPLHEQHGM HLA-B*3501 120 (SEQ. ID N0.:59) EBV EBNA-3 458-466 YPLHEQHGM HLA-B*3503 113 (SEQ. ID N0.:59) (SEQ. ID N0.:60) HCV env E 44-51 ASRCWVAM HLA-B*3501 146 (SEQ. ID N0.:61) HCV core protein27-35 GQ1VGGVYL IILA-B*40012147 (SEQ. ID N0.:62) HCV NSI 77-85 RPLTDFDQGW I-ILA-B*5301145 (SEQ. ID N0.:63) HCV core protein18-27 LMGYIPLVGA H2-D 138 (SEQ. ID N0.:64) HCV core protein16-25 ADLMGYIPLV H2-Dd 148 (SEQ. 1D N0.:65) HCV NSS 409-424 MSYSWTGALVTPCAEEH2-Dd 149 (SEQ. ID N0.:66) HCV NS1 205-213 KHPDATYSR Papa-A06 150 (SEQ. ID N0.:67) HCV-1 NS3 400-409 KLVALGTNAV HLA-A*0201 141 (SEQ, ID N0.:68) HCV-1 NS3 440-448 GDFDSVIDC Patr-B16 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:69) HCV-1 env E 118-126 GNASRCWVA Patr-B16 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:70) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules 'Virus Protein AA positionT cel! epitope/MHC molecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HCV-1 NS1 159-167 TRPPLGNWF Patr-B13 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:71 ) HCV-1 NS3 351-359 VPHPNIEEV Patr-B13 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:72}
HCV-1 NS3 438-446 YTGDFDSVI Patr-BO1 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:73) HCV-1 NSI 328-335 SWAIKWEY Patr-All 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:74) HCV-1 NS1 205-213 KHPDATYSR Patr-A04 150 (SEQ. ID N0.:75) HCV-1 NS3 440-448 GDFDSVIDC Patr-A04 150 (SEQ. ID N0.:76) HIV gp41 583-591 RYLKDQQLI. HLA-A24 152 (SEQ. ID N0.:77) HIV gagp24 267-275 IVGLNKIVR HLA-A*3302 153, 154 (SEQ. ID N0.:78) HIV gagp24 262-270 EIYKRWIIL HLA-B8 155,156 (SEQ. ID NO.:79) HIV gagp24 261-269 GEIYKRWII HLA-B8 155, 156 (SEQ. ID NO.:80) HIV gagpl7 93-101 EIKDTKEAL HLA-B8 155, 157 (SEQ. ID NU.:81 ) HIV gp41 586-593 YLKDQQLL HLA-BS 158 (SEQ. ID N0.:82) HIV gagp24 267-277 ILGLNKIVRMY I-ILA-B* 1501153 (SEQ. ID N0.:83) HIV gp41 584-592 ERYLKDQQL HLA-B14 158 (SEQ. ID N0.:84) HIV nef 115-125 YHTQGYFPQWQ HLA-B17 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:85) HIV nef 117-128 TQGYFPQWQNYT HLA-B17 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:86) HIV gp120 314-322 GRAFVTIGK HLA-B*2705 160, 184 (SEQ. ID N0.:87) HIV gagp24 263-271 KRWIILGLN HLA-B*2702 161 (SEQ. ID N0.:88) HIV nef 72-82 QVPLRPMTYK HLA-B*3501 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:89) HIV nef 117-125 TQGYFPQWQ HLA-B*3701 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:90) HIV gagp24 143-151 HQAISPRTL HLA-Cw*0301 162 (SEQ. ID N0.:91) HIV gagp24 140-151 QMVHQAISPRTL HLA-Cw*0301 162 (SEQ. ID N0.:92) HIV gp120 431-440 MYAPPIGGQI H2-K 163 (SEQ. ID N0.:93) HIV gp160 318-327 RGPGRAFV'rI H2-D 164, 165 (SEQ. ID N0.:94) _. .~_....
Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT yell epitope/ MHC moleculeRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HIV gp120 17-29 MPGRAFVTI H2-L 166, 167 (SEQ. ID N0.:95) HIV-1 RT - 476-484 ILKEPVHGV HLA-A*0201 168, 169 (SEQ. ID N0.:96) HIV-1 nef 190-198 AFHHVAREL HLA-A*0201 170 (SEQ. ID N0.:97) _ HIV-1 gp160 120-128 KLTPLCVTL HLA-A*0201 171 (SEQ. ID N0.:98) HIV-1 gp160 814-823 SLLNATDIAV HLA-A*0201 171 (SEQ. ID N0.:99) HIV-1 RT 179-187 VIYQYMDDL I-ILA-A*0201172 (SEQ. ID NO.:100) HIV-1 gagpl7 77-85 SLYNTVATL HLA-A*0201 173 (SEQ. ID NO.:101) HIV-1 gp160 315-329 RGPGRAFVTI HLA-A*0201 174 (SEQ. ID N0.:102) HIV-i gp41 768-778 RLRDLLLIVTR HLA-A3 175, 178 (SEQ. ID N0.:103) HIV-1 nef 73-82 QVPLRPMTYK HLA-A3 176 (SEQ. ID N0.:104) HIV-1 gp120 36-45 TVYYGVPVWK HLA-A3 177 (SEQ. ID N0.:105) HIV-1 gagpl7 20-29 RLRPGGKKK HLA-A3 177 (SEQ. ID N0.:106) HIV-1 gp120 38-46 VYYGVPVWK HLA-A3 179 (SEQ. ID NO.:107) HIV-1 nef 74-82 VPLRPMTYK HLA-a* 1101 114 (SEQ. ID NO.:108) HIV-1 gagp24 325-333 AIFQSSMTK HLA-A*1101 114 (SEQ. ID N0.:109) HIV-1 nef 73-82 QVPLRPMT'YK HLA-A* 1101 180 (SEQ. ID N0.:104) HIV-1 nef 83-94 AAVDLSHFLKEK HLA-A*1101 159 (SEQ. ID NO.:110) HIV-1 gagp24 349-359 ACQGVGGPGGHK HLA-A*110t 181 (SEQ. ID NO.:111) HIV-1 gagp24 203-212 ETINEEAAEW I-lLA-A25 182 (SEQ. ID N0.:112) HIV-1 nef 128-137 TPGPGVRYPL HLA-B7 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:113) HIV-1 gagpl7 24-31 GGKKKYKL HLA-B8 183 (SEQ. ID N0.:114) HIV-1 gp120 2-10 RVKEKYQHL HLA-B8 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:115) HIV-1 gagp24 298-30b DRFYKTLRA HLA-B14 173 (SEQ. ID NO.:116) (SEQ. ID NO.:I
17) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC mole.CUleRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HIV-1 gagp24 265-24 KRWIILGLNK HLA-B*2705 184, 153 (SEQ. ID N0.:118) HIV-1 nef 190-198 AFHHVAREL HLA-B*5201 170 (SEQ. ID N0.:97) (SEQ. 1D N0.:119) EBV EBNA-6 130-139 EENLLDFVRF HLA-B*4403 122 (SEQ. ID N0.:120) (SEQ. ID N0.:121) (SEQ. ID N0.:122) . (SEQ. ID NO.:123) HBV sAg 348-357 GLSPTVWLSV HLA-A*0201 124 (SEQ. ID NO.:124) HBV SAg 335-343 WLSLLVPFV HLA-A*0201 124 (SEQ. ID N0.:125) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*0201 125, 126, (SEQ. ID NO.:126) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*0202 127 (SEQ. ID NO.:126) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*0205 127 (SEQ. ID N0.:126) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*0206 127 (SEQ. ID N0.:126) HBV pol 575-583 FLLSLGIHL HLA-A*020I 128 (SEQ. ID NO.:12?) HBV pol 816-824 SLYADSPSV HLA-A*0201 128 (SEQ. ID NO.:128) HBV pol 455-463 GLSRYVARL HLA-A*0201 128 (SEQ. ID NO.:129) HBV env 338-347 LLVPFVQWFV HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:130) HBV pol 642-650 ALMPLYACI HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:131 ) HBV env 378-387 LLPIFFCLWV HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:132) HBV pol 538-546 YMDDVVLGA HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID NO.:133) HBV env 250-258 LLLCLIFLL HLA-A*0201 130 (SEQ. ID NO.:134) HBV env 260-269 LLDYQGMLPV HLA-A*0201 130 (SEQ. ID N0.:135) HBV env 370-379 S1VSPFIPLL HLA-A*0201 130 (SEQ. ID N0.:136) HBV env 183-191 FLLTRILTI HLA-A*0201 130 (SEQ. ID N0.:137) . __..._._ .
Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitopel MHC moleculeRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HBV cAg 88-96 YVNVNMGLK HLA-A*1101 131 (SEQ. ID NO.:138) HBV cAg 141-151 STLPETTVVRR HLA-A*3101 132 (SEQ. ID N0.:139) HBV cAg 141-151 STLPETTVVRR HLA-A*6801 132 (SEQ. ID NO.:139) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*6801 127 (SEQ. ID NO.:126) HBV sAg 28-39 IPQSLDSWWTSL H2-L 133 (SEQ. ID N0.:140) HBV cAg 93-100 MGLKFRQL H2-K" 134 (SEQ. ID N0.:141) HBV preS 141-149 STBXQSGXQ HLA-A*0201 135 (SEQ. ID NO.:142) HCMV gp B 618-628 FIAGNSAYEYV HLA-A*0201 124 (SEQ. ID N0.:143) (SEQ. ID NO.:144) HCMV pp65 397-411 DDVWTSGSDSDEELV HLA-b35 137 (SEQ. ID N0.:145) HCMV pp65 123-131 IPSINVHHY HLA-B*3501 136 (SEQ. ID N0.:146) HCMV pp65 495-504 NLVPMVATVO HLA-A*0201 137 {SEQ. ID NO.:147) HCMV pp65 415-429 RKTPRVTGGGAMAGA HLA-B7 137 (SEQ. ID N0.:148) HCV MP 17-25 DLMGYIPLV HLA-A*0201 138 (SEQ. ID NO.:149) HCV MP 63-72 LLALLSCLTV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:150) HCV MP 105-112 ILHTPGCV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:
I51 ) HCV env E 66-75 QLRRHIDLLV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:152) HCV env E 88-96 DLCGSVFLV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:153) HCV env E 172-180 SMVGNWAKV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:154) HCV NS1 308-316 HLHQNIVDV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:155) HCV NS1 340-348 FLLLADARV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:156) HCV NS2 234-246 GLRDLAVAVEPVV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:157) HCV NS1 18-28 SLLAPGAKQNV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:158) HCV NS1 19-28 LLAPGAKQNV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:159) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules 'SJit~nsProtein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC molecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HCV NS4 192-201 LLFNILGGWV HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID NO.:160) HCV NS3 - 579-587 YLVAYQATV HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:161) HCV core protein34-43 YLLPRRGPRL HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID NO.:162) HCV MP 63-72 LLALLSCLTI HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID NO.:163) HCV NS4 174-182 SLMAFTAAV HLA-A*0201 140 (SEQ. ID NO.:164) HCV NS3 67-75 CINGVCWTV HLA-A*0201 140 (SEQ. ID NO.:165) HCV NS3 163-171 LLCPAGHAV HLA-A*0201 141 (SEQ. ID Iv'0.:166) HCV NSS 239-247 ILDSFDPLV HLA-A*0201 l41 (SEQ. ID N0.:167) HCV NS4A 236-244 ILAGYGAGV HLA-A*0201 142 (SEQ. ID N0.:168) HCV NS5 714-722 GLQDCTMLV HLA-A*0201 142 (SEQ. ID N0.:169) HCV NS3 281-290 TGAPVTYSTY HLA-A*0201 143 (SEQ. ID N0.:170) HCV NS4A 149-157 HMWNFISGI HLA-A*0201 144 (SEQ. ID N0.:171) HCV NS5 575-583 RVCEKMALY HLA-A*0201-A3145 (SEQ. ID N0.:172) HCV NS 1 238-246 TINYTIFK HLA-A* 1101 145 (SEQ. ID N0.:173) (SEQ. ID N0.:174) HCV core protein40-48 GPRLGVRAT HLA-B7 145 (SEQ. ID N0.:175) HIV-1 gp120 380-388 SFNCGGEFF HLA-Cw*0401 185 (SEQ. ID NO.:I76) HIV-1 RT 206-214 TEMEKEGKI H2-Kk 186 (SEQ. ID NO.:177) HIV-I p17 18-26 KIRLRPGGK HLA-A*0301 187 (SEQ. ID N0.:178) HIV-1 p17 20-29 RLRPGGKKKY HLA-A*0301 188 (SEQ. ID NO.:179) HIV-1 RT 325-333 AIFQSSMTK HLA-A*0301 188 (SEQ. ID NO.:180) HIV-1 p17 84-92 TLYCVHQRI HLA-All 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:181) HIV-1 RT 508-517 IYQEPFKNLK HLA-All 188 (SEQ. ID NO.:182) H1V-1 p17 28-36 KYKLKHIVW HLA-A24 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:183) ____~._ Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules T cell epitope/
ylrus Protein AA positionhqHC lliHC moleculeRef.
ligand (Antigen) HIV-1 gp120 53-62 LFCASDAKAY HLA-A24 189 (SEQ. ID NO.:I84) HIV-1 gagp24 145-155 QAISPRTLNAW HLA-A25 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:185) HIV-1 gagp24 167-175 EVIPMFSAL HLA-A26 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:186) (SEQ. ID N0.:187) HIV-I gp41 775-785 RLRDLLLIVTR HLA-A31 190 (SEQ. ID N0.:188) (SEQ. ID N0.:189) HIV-1 gp120 419-427 RIKQIINMW HLA-A32 187 (SEQ. ID N0.:190) HIV-1 RT 71-79 ITLWQRPLV HLA-A*6802 188 (SEQ. ID NO.:191 ) HIV-1 RT 85-93 DTVLEEMNL HLA-A*6802 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:192) HIV-1 RT 71-79 ITLWQRPLV HLA-A*7401 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:193) HIV-1 gag p24 148-156 SPRTLNAWV HLA-B7 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:194) HIV-I gagp24 179-187 ATPQDLNTM HLA-B7 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:195) HIV-I gp120 303-312 RPNNNTRKSI HLA-B7 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:196) HIV-1 gp41 843-851 IPRRIRQGL HLA-B7 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:197) HIV-1 p17 74-82 ELRSLYNTV HLA-B8 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:198) HIV-1 nef 13-20 WI'TVRERM HLA-B8 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:199) HIV-1 nef 90-97 FLKEKGGL HLA-B8 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:200) HIV-I gag p24 183-191 DLNTMLNTV HLA-B14 191 (SEQ. ID N0.:568) (SEQ. ID N0.:201) HIV-1 p17 19-27 IRLRPGGKK HLA-B27 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:202) HIV-1 gp41 791-799 GRRGWEALKY HLA-B27 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:203) HIV-1 nef 73-82 QVPLRPMTYK HLA-$27 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:204) (SEQ. ID N0.:205) HIV-1 nef 105-114 RRQDILDLWI HLA-B*2705 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:206) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protee3n AA positionT cell epitope/~C "~oiecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HIV-1 nef 134-141 RYPLTFGW HLA-B*2705 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:207) HIV-I p17 36-44 WASRELERF HLA-B35 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:208) (SEQ. ID N0.:209) HIV-1 gp120 42-52 VPVWKEAT"TTL HLA-B35 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:210) (SEQ. ID N0.:221 ) HIV-1 gag p24 254-262 PPIPVGDIY HLA-B35 193 (SEQ. ID N0.:212) (SEQ. ID N0.:213) HIV-1 gp41 611-619 TAVPWNASW HLA-B35 194 (SEQ. ID N0.:214) HIV-I gag 245-253 NPVPVGNIY HLA-B35 193 (SEQ. ID N0.:215) HIV-1 nef 120-128 YFPDWQNYT HLA-B37 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:2i6) HIV-1 gag p24 193-201 GHQAAMQML HLA-B42 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:217) HIV-1 p17 20-29 RLRPGGKKKY HLA-B42 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:218) (SEQ. ID N0.:219) (SEQ. ID N0.:220) HIV-1 gag p24 325-333 NANPDCKTI HLA-B51 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:221) HIV-1 gag p24 275-282 RMYSPTSI HLA-B52 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:222) HIV-1 gp120 42-51 VPVWKEATTT HLA-B*5501 192 (SEQ. 1D N0.:223) HIV-1 gag p24 147-155 ISPRTLNAW HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:224) HIV-1 gag p24 240-249 TSTLQEQIGW HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:225) HIV-1 gag p24 162-172 KAFSPEVIPMF HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:226) HIV-1 gag p24 311-319 QASQEVKNW HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID NO_:227) HIV-1 gag p24 311-319 QASQDVKNW HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:228) HIV-1 nef 116-125 HTQGYFPDWQ HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:229) HIV-1 nef 120-128 YFPDWQNYT HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:230) _~_.__.
Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules T cell epitope/
Virus Protein AA positionMHC :MHC moleculeRel:
Ilgand (Antigen) HIV-1 gag p24 240-249 TSTLQEQIGW HLA-B58 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:231 ) HIV-1 p17 - 20-29 RLRPGGKKKY HLA-B62 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:232) HIV-I p24 268-277 LGLNKIVRMY HLA-B62 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:233) (SEQ. ID N0.:234) (SEQ. ID N0.:235) HIV-1 nef 117-127 TQGYFPDWQNY HLA-B62 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:236) HIV-1 nef 84-91 AVDLSHFL HLA-B62 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:237) HIV-1 gag p24 168-175 VIPMFSAL HLA-Cw*0102 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:238) HIV-1 gp120 376-384 FNCGGEFFY 11LA-A29 196 (SEQ. ID N0.:239) HIV-I gp 120 375-383 SFNCGGEFF HLA-B15 196 (SEQ. ID N0.:240) HIV-1 nef 136-145 PLTFGWCYKL HLA-A*0201 197 (SEQ. ID N0.:241 ) HIV-I nef 180-189 VLEWRFDSRL HLA-A*0201 197 (SEQ. ID N0.:242) HIV-1 nef 68-77 FPVTPQVPLR HLA-B7 I97 (SEQ. ID N0.:243) HIV-I nef 128-137 TPGPGVRYPL HLA-B7 197 (SEQ. ID N0.:244) HIV-1 gag p24 308-316 QASQEVKNW HLA-Cw*0401 521 (SEQ. ID N0.:245) (SEQ. ID N0.:246) (SEQ. ID N0.:247) HIV-IIIIBgp41 557-565 RAIEAQAHL HLA-B51 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:248) (SEQ. ID N0.:249) HIV-IIIIBp24 215-223 VHPVHAGPIA HLA-B*5501 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:250) HIV-lIIIBgp120 156-165 NCSFNISTSI HLA-Cw8 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:251 ) HIV-IIIIBgp120 241-249 CTNVSTVQC HLA-Cw8 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:252) HIV-lsFZgp120 312-320 IGPGRAFHT H2-D 198 (SEQ. ID N0.:253) HIV-lsFZpol 25-33 NPDIVIYQY HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:254) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Pr~tcin AA positionT cell epitope/MHC malecute Ref.
MI=IC
ligand (Antigen) HIV-IsFZpot 432-441 EPIVGAETFY HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:255) HIV-lsFZpol - 432-440 EPIVGAETF HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:256) HIV-IsFZpot 6-14 SPAIFQSSM HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:257) HIV-lsFZpot 59-68 VPLDKDFRKY HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:258) HIV-IsFZpot 6-14 IPLTEEAEL HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:259) HIV-IsFZnef 69-79 RPQVPLRPMTY HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:260) HIV-IsFZnef 66-74 FPVRPQVPL HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:261) HIV-lsFZenv 10-18 DPNPQEVVL HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:262) HIV-lsFZenv 7-15 RPIVSTQLL IILA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:263) HIV-lsFZpol 6-14 IPLTEEAEL HLA-B51 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:264) HIV-lsFZenv 10-18 DPNPQEVVL HLA-B51 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:265) HIV-lsFZgagp24 199-207 AMQMLKETI H2-Kd 198 (SEQ. ID N0.:266) HIV-2 gagp24 182-190 TPYDMQML HLA-B*5301 200 (SEQ. ID N0.:267) HIV-2 gag 260-269 RRWIQLGLQKV HLA-B*2703 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:268) HIV-lsFZgp41 593-607 GIWGCSGKLICTTAVI1LA-B17 201 (SEQ. ID N0.:269) HIV-lsFZgp41 753-767 ALIWEDLRSLCLFSYHLA-B22 201 (SEQ. ID N0.:2?0) HPV 6b E7 21-30 GLHCYEQLV HLA-A*0201 202 (SEQ. ID N0.:271) HPV 6b E7 47-55 PLKQHFQIV HLA-A*0201 202 (SEQ. ID N0.:272) HPV11 E7 4-12 RLVTLKDIV HLA-A*0201 202 (SEQ. ID N0.:273) HPV16 E7 86-94 TLGIVCPIC HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:274) HPV16 E7 85-93 GTLGIVCPI HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:275) HPV16 E7 12-20 MLDLQPETT HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:276) HPV16 E7 I1-20 YMLDLQPETT HLA-A*0201 203 (SEQ. ID N0.:277) (SEQ. ID N0.:278) _ . _.....___.... . __..... ..._.
Table I: Viral 1 molecules epitopes on MHC class T cett epitopel Visits ProteinAA position MHC ~C molecule Ref.
ligand (Antigen) HPV16e6 15-2249-57 RAHYNIVTF I-IW-D 205 (SEQ. ID N0.:279) HSV gp 498-505 SS1EFARL H2-K" 206 B
(SEQ. ID N0.:280) HSV-1 gp 480-488 GIGIGVLAA HLA-A*0201 104 C
(SEQ. ID N0.:281 ) HSV-1 ICP27448-456 DYATLGVGV H2-Kd 207 (SEQ. ID N0.:282) HSV-1 ICP27322-332 LYRTFAGNPRA H2-Kd 207 (SEQ. ID N0.:283) HSV-1 UL39822-829 QTFDFGRL H2-Kb 208 (SEQ. ID N0.:284) HSV-2 gp 446-454 GAGIGVAVL HLA-A*0201 104 C
(SEQ. 1D N0.:285) HTLV-1 TAX 1 t-19 LLFGYPVYV I-ILA-A*0201 209 (SEQ. ID N0.:286) Influenza MP 58-66 GtLGFVFTL HLA-A*0201 68, 169, 209, (SEQ. ID N0.:287) 210, 211 Influenza MP 59-68 ILGFVFTLTV HLA-A*0201 168, 212, (SEQ. ID N0.:288) Influenza NP 265-273 ILRGSVAHK HLA-A3 214 (SEQ. ID N0.:289) Influenza NP 91-99 KTGGPIYKR HLA-A*6801 215, 216 (SEQ.1D N0.:290) Influenza NP 380-388 ELRSRYWAI HLA-B8 217 (SEQ. ID N0.:291) Influenza NP 381-388 LRSRYWAI HLA-B*2702 218 (SEQ. ID N0.:292) Influenza NP 339-347 EDLRVLSFI HLA-B*3701 219 (SEQ. ID N0.:293) Influenza NS1 158-166 GEISPLPSL HLA-B44 220 (SEQ. ID N0.:294) Influenza NP 338-346 FEDLRVLSF HLA-B44 220 (SEQ. ID N0.:295) Influenza NSI 158-166 GEISPLPSL HLA-B*4402 220 (SEQ. ID N0.:294) Influenza NP 338-346 FEDLRVLSF HLA-B*4402 220 (SEQ. ID N0.:295) Influenza PB1 591-599 VSDGGPNLY HLA-A1 214, 29 (SEQ. ID N0.:296) Influenza NP 44-52 CTELKLSDY HLA-A1 29 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:297) Influenza NS1 122-130 AIMDKNIIL HLA-A*0201 221 (SEQ. ID N0.:298) InfluenzaANS1 123-132 IMDKNIILKA HLA-A*0201 221 (SEQ. ID N0.:299) Influenza NP 383-391 SRYWAIRTR HLA-B*2705 160, 184 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:300) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules T cell epitapei '~'iaus Pratein AA positionMHC MHC moleculeRe#:
ligand (Antigen) InfluenzaNP 147-155 TYQRTRALV H2-K 222, 223 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:301) influenzaHA 210-219 TYVSVSTSTL H2-K 224, 225 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:302) InfluenzaHA 518-526 IYSTVASSL H2-K 224 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:303) InfluenzaHA 259-266 FEANGNLI H2-Kk 226, 227, (SEQ. ID N0.:304) InfluenzaHA 10-18 IEGGWTGMI H2-Kk 226, 227, (SEQ. ID N0.:305) InfluenzaNP 50-57 SDYEGRLI H2-Kk 229, 230 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:306) InfluenzaNS1 152-160 EEGAIVGEI H2-Kk 231 a (SEQ. ID N0.:307) InfluenzaNP 366-374 ASNENMETM H2-D 168, 222, (SEQ. ID N0.:308) InfluenzaNP 366-374 ASNENMDAM H2-D" 232 (SEQ. ID N0.:309) InfluenzaNP 85-94 KLGEFYNQMM HLA-A*0201 233 B
(SEQ. 1D N0.:310) InfluenzaNP 85-94 KAGEFYNQMM IILA-A*0201 234 B
(SEQ. ID N0.:311 ) InfluenzaHA 204-212 LYQNVGTYV H2-K 235 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:312) InfluenzaHA 210-219 TYVSVGTSTL H2-K 225 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:313) InfluenzaHA 523-531 VYQILAIYA H2-K 235 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:314) InfluenzaHA 529-537 IYATVAGSL H2-K 235 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:315) InfluenzaHA 210-219 TYVSVGTSTI (L>I)H2-K 236 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:316) InfluenzaHA 255-262 FESTGNLI H2-Kk 237 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:317) JHMV cAg 318-326 APTAGAFFF H2-L 238 (SEQ. ID N0.:318) LCMV NP 118-126 RPQASGVYM H2-L 239, 240 (SEQ. ID N0.:319) LCMV NP 396-404 FQPQNGQFI H2-Db 241 (SEQ. ID N0.:320) LCMV GP 276-286 SGVENPGGYCL H2-Db 242 (SEQ. ID N0.:321) LCMV GP 33-42 KAVYNFATCG H2-D 243, 244 (SEQ. ID N0.:322) MCMV pp89 168-176 YPHFMPTNL H2-L 245 (SEQ. ID N0.:323) MHV spike 5I0-518 CLSWNGPHL H2-D 248 protein (SEQ. ID N0.:324) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC molecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) MMTV env gp 474-482 SFAVATTAL H2-K 246 (SEQ. ID N0.:325) MMTV gag p27 425-433 SYETFISRL H2-K 246 (SEQ. ID N0.:326) MMTV env gp73 544-551 ANYDFICV H2-Kb 247 (SEQ. ID N0.:327) - MuLV env plSE 574-581 KSPWFTTL H2-K 249, 250 (SEQ. ID N0.:328) MuLV env gp70 189-I96 SSWDFITV H2-Kb 251, Sijts et al.
(SEQ. ID N0.:329) submitted MuLV gag 75K 75-83 CCLCLTVFL H2-Db 252 (SEQ. 1D N0.:330) MuLV env gp70 423-431 SPSYVYHQF H2-L 253 (SEQ. ID N0.:331) MV F protein437-447 SRRYPDAVYLH HLA-B*27 254 (SEQ. ID N0.:332) MV F protein438-446 RRYPDAVYL HLA-B*2705 255 (SEQ. ID N0.:333) (SEQ. ID N0.:334) (SEQ. ID N0.:335) (SEQ. ID N0.:336) Poliovirus VP1 111-118 TYKDTVQL H2-k 258 (SEQ. ID N0.:337) Poliovirus VPl 208-217 FYDGFSKVPL H2-K 258 (SEQ. ID N0.:338) Pseudorabies 6111 455-463 IAGIGILAI HLA-A*0201 l04 (SEQ. ID N0.:339) virus gp Rabiesvirus NS 197-205 VEAEIAHQI H2-Kk 227, 227 (SEQ. ID N0.:340) Rotavirus VP7 33-40 IIYRFLLI H2-Kb 259 (SEQ. ID N0.:341) Rotavirus VP6 376-384 VGPVFPPGM H2-Kb 260 (SEQ. ID N0.:342) Rotavirus VP3 585-593 YSGYIFRDL H2-Kb 260 (SEQ. ID N0.:343) (SEQ. ID N0.:344) SIV gagpllC 179-190 EGCTPYDINQML Mamu-A*O1 266 (SEQ. ID N0.:345) SV NP 324-332 FAPGNYPAL H2-Db 262 (SEQ. ID N0.:346) SV NP 324-332 FAPGNYPAL H2-Kb 263, 264, (SEQ. ID N0.:346) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Pratein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC moleculeRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) (SEQ. ID N0.:347) SV40 T - 206-215 SAINNYAQKL H2-Db 268, 269 (SEQ. ID N0.:348) SV40 T 223-231 CKGVNKEYL H2-Db 268, 269 (SEQ. ID N0.:349) SV40 T 489-497 QGINNLDNL H2-Db 268, 269 (SEQ. ID N0.:350) SV40 T 492-500 NNLDNLRDY(L) H2-D 270 (501) (SEQ. ID N0.:351) SV40 T 560-568 SEFLLEKRI H2-Kk 271 (SEQ. ID N0.:352) VSV NP 52-59 RGYVYQGL H2-Kb 272 (SEQ. ID N0.:353) .~
___ ___.._~~ .._ __ _._ .._.~_.~_.
Table II sets forth antigens identified from various protein sources. The Table is extracted from Table 4.2 in the Rammansee book with the references in Table II
being the same as the references in the Rammensee Table 4.2.
TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs ALA-A1 Position (Antigen) Source Ret.
T cell epitopes E A D P MAGE-1 161-169 27,28 T G H S Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:354) V S D G G P N L Y Influenza A PB1 591-599 21,23 (SEQ. ID N0.:355) C T E L K L S D Y Influenza A NP 44-52 23 (SEQ. ID N0.:356) E V D P I G H L Y MAGE-3 168-176 29,30 (SEQ. ID N0.:357) HLA-A201 M L L S V P L Calreticulin signal sequence34,35,36,37 (SEQ. ID N0.:358) (SEQ. ID N0.:359) Y M D G T M S Q V Tyrosinase 369-377 45 (SEQ. ID N0.:360) I L K E P V H G V HIV-1 RT 476-484 4,31,47 (SEQ. ID N0.:361) I L G F V F T L T V Influenza MP 59-68 4,39 (SEQ. ID N0.:362) LLFGYPVYVV HTLV-ltaxll-19 40 (SEQ. ID N0.:363) G L S P T V W L S V HBV sAg 348-357 48 (SEQ. ID N0.:364) W L S L L V P F V HBV sAg 335-343 49,50,51 (SEQ. ID N0.:365) FLPSDFFPSV HBVcAglB-27 52 (SEQ. iD N0.:366) C L G G L L T M V EBV LMP-2 426-434 4g (SEQ. ID N0.:367) FLAGNSAYEYV HCMVgp618-628B 53 (SEQ. ID N0.:368) TABLE' II
HLA Class I Motits K L G E F Y N Q M M Influenza BNP 85-94 54 (SEQ. ID N0.:369) (SEQ. ID N0.:370) (SEQ. ID N0.:371 ) RLVTLKDIV HPV11EZ4-12 34,35 (SEQ. ID N0.:372) M L L A V L Y C L Tyrosinase 1-9 57,58,59,68 (SEQ. ID N0.:373) A A G I G 1 L T V Melan A\Mart-127-35 60 (SEQ. ID N0.:374) Y L E P G P V T A Pmel 17/gp 100 480-48861 (SEQ. ID N0.:375) I L D G T A T L R L Pmel 17/ gp100 457-46662 (SEQ. ID N0.:376) L L D G T A T L R L Pmel gp 100 457-466 62 (SEQ. ID N0.:377) I T D Q V P F S V Pmel gp100 209-217 62 (SEQ. ID N0.:378) K T W G Q Y W Q V Pmel gp100 154-162 62 (SEQ. 1D N0.:379) T I T D Q V P F S V Pmel gp 100 208-217 62 (SEQ. ID N0.:380) A F H H V A R E L HIV-1 nef 190-198 63 (SEQ. ID N0.:381 ) Y L N K I Q N S L P. falciparum CSP 64 (SEQ. ID N0.:382) M M R K L A I L S V P. falciparum CSP 64 (SEQ. ID N0.:383) K A G E F Y N Q M M Influenza BNP 85-94 65 (SEQ. ID N0.:384) (SEQ. ID N0.:385) (SEQ. ID N0.:386) TAB~,E II
HLA Class I Motifs (SEQ. ID N0.:387) (SEQ. ID N0.:388) (SEQ. ID N0.:389) (SEQ. ID N0.:390) (SEQ. ID N0.:391) (SEQ. ID N0.:392) (SEQ. ID N0.:393) (SEQ. ID N0.:394) (SEQ. ID N0.:395) (SEQ. ID N0.:396) (SEQ. ID N0.:397) (SEQ. 1D N0.:397) (SEQ. ID N0.:399) (SEQ. ID N0.:400) (SEQ. ID N0.:401) (SEQ. ID N0.:402) (SEQ. ID N0.:403) (SEQ. ID N0.:404) TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs (SEQ. ID N0.:405) (SEQ. ID N0.:406) (SEQ. ID N0.:407) (SEQ. ID N0.:408) (SEQ. ID N0.:409) A I M D K N I I L Influenza A NS I 122-13067 (SEQ. ID N0.:410) I M D K N I I L K A Influenza A NS1 123-13267 (SEQ. ID N0.:411) (SEQ. ID N0.:412) (SEQ. ID N0.:413) QLRRHIDLLV HCVenvE66-75 69 (SEQ. ID N0.:414) DLCGSVFLV HCVenvE88-96 69 (SEQ. ID N0.:415) SMVGNWAKV HCVenvE172-180 69 (SEQ. ID N0.:416) (SEQ. ID N0.:417) (SEQ. ID N0.:418) (SEQ. ID N0.:419) (SEQ. ID N0.:420) (SEQ. ID N0.:421) F L L S L G I H L HBV pol 575-583 70 (SEQ. ID N0.:422) TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs SLYADSPSV liBVpol816-824 70 (SEQ. ID N0.:423) (SEQ. ID N0.:424) (SEQ. ID N0.:425) (SEQ. ID N0.:426) K L T P L C V T L HIV-1 gp160 120-128 72 (SEQ. ID N0.:427) (SEQ. ID N0.:428) V L Y R Y G S F S V Pmel gp100 476-485 62 (SEQ. ID N0.:429) Y I G E V L V S V Non-filament forming 73 class I myosin (SEQ. ID N0.:430) family (HA-2)**
(SEQ. ID N0.:431 ) LLVPFVQWFW HBVenv338-347 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:432) A L M P L Y A C 1 HBV pol 642-650 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:433) (SEQ. ID N0.:434) (SEQ. ID N0.:435) Y L L P R R G P R L HCV core protein 34-43 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:436) L L P 1 F F C L W V HBV env 378-387 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:437) Y M D D V V L G A HBV Pol 538-546 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:438) (SEQ. ID N0.:439) (SEQ. ID N0.:440) TABLE II
HLA Cfass I Motifs MLDLQPETT HPVi6E712-20 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:441) (SEQ. 1D N0.:442) (SEQ. ID N0.:443) V M N I L L Q Y V V Glutamic acid decarboxylase76 (SEQ. ID N0.:444) I L T V I L G V L Melan A/Mart- 32-40 77 (SEQ. ID N0.:445) (SEQ. ID N0.:446) (SEQ. ID N0.:447) (SEQ. ID N0.:448) LLLCLIFLL HBVenv250-258 79 (SEQ. ID N0.:449) LIDYQGMLPV HBVenv260-269 79 (SEQ. ID N0.:450) S I V S P F I P L L HBV env 370-379 79 (SEQ. ID N0.:451) FLLTRILTI HBVenv 183-191 80 (SEQ. ID N0.:452) H L G N V K Y L V P. faciparum TRAP 3-11 81 (SEQ. ID N0.:453) G I A G G L A L L P. faciparum TRAP 500-508 81 (SEQ. ID N0.:454) (SEQ. ID N0.:455) (SEQ. ID N0.:456) (SEQ. ID N0.:457) (SEQ. ID N0.:458) TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs V L P D V F I R C V N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase85 V
(SEQ. ID N0.:459) Gnt-V intron V L P D V F I R C N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase85 V
(SEQ. ID N0.:460) Gnt-V intron A V G I G I A V V Human CD9 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:461 ) L V V L G L L A V Human glutamyltransferase86 (SEQ. 1D N0.:462) A L G L G L L P V Human G protein coupled 86 receptor (SEQ. ID N0.:463) 164-172 G I G I G V L A A HSV-1 gp C 480-488 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:281 ) G A G I G V A V L IISV-2 gp C 446-454 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:464) I A G I G I L A I Pseudorabies gpGlN 455-46386 (SEQ. ID N0.:465) L I V I G I L I L Adenovirus 3 E3 9kD 30-3886 (SEQ. ID N0.:466) L A G I G L I A A S. Lincolnensis ImrA 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:467) V D G I G I L T I Yeast ysa-1 77-85 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:468) G A G I G V L T A B. polymyxa, (3-endoxylanase86 (SEQ. ID NO.:469} 157 A A G I G I I Q I E. coli methionine synthase86 (SEQ. ID N0.:470) Q A G I G I L L A E. coli hypothetical protein86 (SEQ. ID N0.:471) KARDPHSGHFV CDK4""~22-32 87 (SEQ. ID N0.:472) (SEQ. ID N0.:473) (SEQ. ID N0.:474) SLYNTVATL HIV-lgagp1777-85 88 (SEQ. ID N0.:475) TABLE II
HLA Class # Motifs E L V S E F S R V HER-2, m>V substituted 89 (SEQ. ID N0.:476) R G P G R A F V T I HIV-I ap160 315-329 90 (SEQ. ID N0.:477) (SEQ. ID N0.:478) N L V P M V A T V Q HCMV pp65 495-504 92 (SEQ. ID N0.:479) GLHCYEQLV HPV6bE721-30 93 (SEQ. ID N0.:480) PLKQHFQIV HPV6bE747-55 93 (SEQ. ID N0.:481) (SEQ. ID NO.:482) A I M E K N I M L Influenza Alaska NS 67 (SEQ. ID N0.:483) Y L K T I Q N S L P. falciparum cp36 CSP 96 (SEQ. ID N0.:484) Y L N K I Q N S L P. falciparum cp39 CSP 96 (SEQ. ID N0.:485) YMLDLQPETT HPV16E711-20*** 97 (SEQ. ID N0.:486) LLMGTLGIV HPV16E782-90*** 97 (SEQ. ID N0.:487) TLGIVCPI HPV16E786-93*** 97 (SEQ. ID N0.:488) T L T S C N T S V HIV-I gp120 197-205 98 (SEQ. ID N0.:489) (SEQ. ID N0.:490) (SEQ. ID N0.:491) (SEQ. ID N0.:492) V I L G V L L L I Melan A/Mart-1 35-43 68 (SEQ. ID N0.:493) _ .. .__ . T _..___ .._.___.__ _ WO 99/02183 PCTlUS98/14289 TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs A L M D K S L Melan A/Mart-1 56-64 68 H V
(SEQ. ID N0.:494) G I L T V I L Melan A/Mart-1 31-39 68 G V
(SEQ. ID N0.:495) T cell epitopesM I N A Y L D P. Falciparum STARP 81 (SEQ. ID N0.:496) A A G I G I L Melan A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
(SEQ. ID N0.:497) FLPSDFFPSV HBVcAgl8-27 51 (SEQ. ID N0.:498) Motif unknownS V R D R L A EBNA-3 464-472 101 R L
T cell epitope(SEQ. ID N0.:499) T cell epitopeA A G I G I L Melan A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
(SEQ. ID N0.:497) F A Y D G K D Human MHC I-a 140-148 99 Y I
(SEQ. ID N0.:500) T cell epitopesA A G I G I L Melan A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
(SEQ. ID N0.:497) FLPSDFFPSV HBVcAglB-27 51 (SEQ. ID N0.:498) A A G 1 G I L Meland A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
(SEQ. ID N0.:497) FLPSDFFPSV HBVcAgl8-27 51 (SEQ. ID N0.:498) Motif unknownA A G I G I L Melan A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
T cell epitope(SEQ. ID N0.:497) A L L A V G A Pme117 gp100 17-25 107 T K
(SEQ. ID N0.:501) T cell epitopesR L R D L L L HIV -1 gp41 768-778 108 I V T R
(SEQ. ID N0.:502) Q V P L R P M HIV-1 nef 73-82 109 T Y K
(SEQ. ID N0.:503) T V Y Y G V P HIV-1 gp120-36-45 110 V W K
(SEQ. ID N0.:504) RLRPGGKKK HIV-lgagp1720-29 110 (SEQ. ID N0.:505) TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs I L R G S V A H Influenza NP 265-273 21 K
(SEQ. ID N0.:506) K
(SEQ. ID N0.:507) R L R D L L L I HIV-1 gp41 770-780 112 V T R
(SEQ. ID N0.:502) (SEQ. ID N0.:508) (SEQ. ID N0.:509) Motif unknownK 1 F S E V T L Unknown; mutated (p Wolfel et al., K 183L) pers.
T cell (SEQ. ID N0.:510) melanoma peptide 175-183Comm.
epitope YVNVNMGLK* HBVcAg88-96 116 (SEQ. ID N0.:511) T cell I V T D F S V I EBNA-4 416-424 115, 117 epitopes K
(SEQ. ID N0.:512) (SEQ. ID N0.:513) V P 1. R P M T HIV-1 NEF 74-82 I 15 Y K
(SEQ. ID N0.:514) A I F Q S S M T HIV-I gag p24 325-333115 K
(SEQ. ID N0.:515) QVPLRPMTYK HIV-lnef73-82 118 (SEQ. ID N0.:516) (SEQ. ID N0.:517) AAVDLSHFLKEK HIV-Inef83-94 120 (SEQ. ID N0.:518) ACQ G V G G P G HIV-1 111B p24 349-359122 G H K
(SEQ. ID N0.:519) HLA-A24 S Y L D S G I H ~3-catenin, mutated 123 F* (proto-onocogen) (SEQ. ID N0.:520) 29-37 T cell R Y L K D Q Q L HIV GP 41 583-591 124 epitopes L
(SEQ. ID N0.:521) A Y G L D F Y I P15 melanoma Ag 10-18125 L
(SEQ. ID N0.:522) ...._ _.. ....... . .......
TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs A F L P W H Tyrosinase 206-215 126 R L F L
(SEQ. ID N0.:523) A F 1. P W H Tyrosinase 206-214 126 R L F
(SEQ. ID N0.:524) R Y S I F F Ebna-3 246-253 101 D Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:525) T cell epitopeE T I N E E HIV-1 gag p24 203-212127 A A E W
(SEQ. ID N0.:526) T cell epitopesS T L P E T HBV cAg 141-151 i29 T V V R R
(SEQ. ID N0.:527) M S L Q R Q ORF 3P-gp75 294-321 130 F L R (bp) (SEQ. ID N0.:528) L L P G G R TRP (tyrosinase rel.)131 (SEQ. ID N0.:528) T cell epitopeI V G L N K H1V gag p24 267-267-275132, 133 I V K
(SEQ. ID N0.:530) AAGIGILTV MelanA/Mart-12735 100 (SEQ. ID N0.:531) Table III sets forth additional antigens useful in the invention that are available from the Ludwig Cancer Institute. The Table refers to patents in which the identified antigens can be found and as such are incorporated herein by reference. TRA
refers to the tumor-related antigen and the LUD No, refers to the Ludwig Institute number.
Table III
LUD Patent T~~ N~, No, Date PatentpePt~de (Antigen) HLA
IssueB
MAGE-4 5293 5,405,940I1 April EVDPASNTY HLA-A1 (SEQ. ID N0.:532) MAGE-415293 5,405,940I1 April EVDPTSNTY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:533) MAGE-5 5293 5,405,940I1 April EADPTSNTY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:534) MAGE-515293 5,405,94011 April EADPTSNTY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:534) MAGE-6 5294 5,405,94011 April EVDPIGHVY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:535) 5299.25,487,97430 January MLLAVLYCLL HLA-A2 (SEQ ID N0:536) 5360 5,530.09625 June MLLAVLYCL I-ILA-B44 (SEQ ID N0:537) Tyrosinase5360.15,519,11721 May 1996SEIWRDIDFA HLA-B44 (SEQ ID N0:538) SEIWRDIDF
(SEQ ID N0:539) Tyrosinase5431 5,774,31628 April XEIWRDIDF HLA-B44 (SEQ ID N0:540) MAGE-2 5340 5,554,724 10 September 1996 STLVEVTLGEV HLA-A2 (SEQ ID N0:541 ) LVEVTLGEV
(SEG ID N0:542) S~
LUD Patent TRA No. No. Date Patent peptide (Antigen) HLA
Issued VIFSKASEYL
(SEQ ID N0:543) IIVLAIIAI
(SEQ ID N0:544) (Continued) KI WEELSMLEV
(SEQ ID N0:545) LIETSYVKV
(SEQ ID N0:546) 5327 5,585,46117 December FLWGPRALV HLA-A2 (SEQ ID N0:547) TLVEVTLGEV
(SEQ ID N0:548) ALVETSYVKV
(SEQ ID N0:549) MAGE-3 5344 5,554,506i0 SeptemberKIWEELSVL HLA-A2 (SEQ ID N0:550) MAGE-3 5393 5,405,94011 April EVDPIGHLY HLA-A1 (SEQ iD N0:551 ) MAGE 5293 5,405,94011 April EXDXSY HLA-AI
(SEQ. ID N0.:552) (but not EADPTGHSY) (SEQ. ID N0.:553) E(A/V)DXSY
(SEQ. ID N0.:554) E(A/V)DPX,Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:555) E (A/V) D P (I/A/T) X3 Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:556) E (A/V) D P (I/An') (G/S) XZ Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:557) E {A/V) D P (I/A/T) (G/S) (HM) X Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:558) E (A/V) D P (I/A/T) (G/S) (H/N) {L/T/V) Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:559) MAGE-1 5361 5,558,99524 SeptemberELHSAYGEPRKLLTQD HLA-C
(SEQ ID N0:560) Clone Table III
LIJD Patent TRA No. No. Date peptide (Antigen) HLA
Patent Issued EHSAYGEPRKLL
(SEQ ID N0:561) SAYGEPRKL
(SEQ ID N0:562) MAGE-1 5253.4TBA TBA EADPTGHSY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:563) BAGS 5310.1TBA TBA MAARAVFLALSAQLLQARLMKE HLA-C
(SEQ ID N0:564) Clone MAARAVFLAL.SAQLLQ HLA-C
(SEQ ID N0:565) Clone AARAVFLAL HLA-C
(SEQ ID N0:566) Cione GAGE 5323.25,648,22615 July YRPRPRRY HLA-CW6 (SEQ. ID N0.:567) ,_.__._.__... , Preferred peptide antigens are those of tumor associated antigens (TAA) and chronic infections. Particularly preferred peptide antigens are derived from tyrosinose, gp100 or Melan A for the treatment of melanoma.
The peptide antigens of this invention are readily prepared using standard peptide synthesis means known in the art. Generally they can be prepared commercially by one of numerous companies that do chemical synthesis. An example is American Peptides, Inc., where the distributor is CLINALFA AG
(Laufelfingen, Switzerland). The antigens are prepared in accordance with GMP
standards. Purity is assessed by analytical HPLC. The product is characterized by amino-acid analysis and tested for sterility and the absence of pyrogens.
In delivering an appropriate antigen, e.g., a polypeptide, to the animal's system it may be delivered directly as the polypeptide, or it may be delivered indirectly, e.g., using a DNA construct or vector, or a recombinant virus that codes for the desired antigen. Any vector driving expression in a professional antigen presenting cell is suitable for this purpose. In the indirect delivery, the antigen is expressed in the cell, to be presented by the MHC Class I on the surface of the cell to stimulate the CTL response.
Antigens may be used alone or may be delivered in combination with other antigens or with other compounds such as cytokines that are known to enhance immune stimulation of CTL responses, such as, GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-2, TNF, IFN, IL
18, IL,-3, IL-4, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-10, IL-14, IL-15, G-SCF, IFN alpha, IFN
beta, IFN gamma, TGF alpha, TGF beta, and the like. The cytokines are known in the art and are readily available in the literature or commercially. Many animal and human tumors have been shown to produce cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, TGF-!3 that are potent modulators of the immune response and that protect tumors from immune-mediated destruction. The production of IL-4, IL-10 or TGF-h by the tumors may achieve this protective effect by suppressing the induction of cellular immunity, including the elaboration of CTL responses. Alternatively, cytokines that support CTL responses can be exogenously added to help in the balance between induction of anti-tumor cell mediated and non-tumor-destructive humoral responses. Several such exogenous cytokines show utility in experimental mouse vaccination models which are known to enhance CTL responses, including GM-CSF, IFN and IL-2. An effective exogenous cytokine that may be used is GM-CSF. GM-CSF is reported to enhance the expression of the so called "co-stimulatory" molecules, such as B7-1 or B7-2 on antigen presenting cells (APC), which are important players in the symphony of interactions that occur during stimulation of CTL by APC. Moreover, GM-CSF
is known to induce activation of APC and to facilitate growth and differentiation of APC, thereby making these important CTL stimulating cells available both in greater numbers and potency.
Delivery of the Antigen This invention is based in part on the observation that a CTL response is not sustained using standard vaccine techniques. While not wanting to be bound by any particular theory, it is thought that T cells do not have a functional memory that is long-lived. Antibody-mediated B-cell memory, on the other hand, appears to have a long-lived effector memory. Thus, delivering an antigen that produces a CTL
response must be done over time to keep the patient's immune system appropriately stimulated to attack the target cells. While it has been suggested that antigens and adjuvants can be prepared as biodegradable microspheres or liposomes, none of these 1 S preparations have thus far provided a CTL response that is useful for attacking cancer cells or pathogens on a long term basis. The delivery must be sustained over the desired period of time at a level sufficient to maintain the antigen level to obtain the desired response and that it must be delivered from a reservoir having fluid antigen composition that is introduced so that it reaches the animal's lymphatic system.
Ultimately antigen must find its way into the lymphatic system in order to efficiently stimulate CTL. However, delivery of antigen according to the invention can involve infusion into various compartments of the body, including but not limited to subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal and intralymphatic, the latter being preferred. Each of these various points of infusion results in antigen uptake into the lymphatic system. The relative amounts of antigen needed to induce a beneficial CTL
response varies according to the different sites of infusion. In general, direct infusion of antigen into the lymph system is deemed to be the most efficient means of inducing a CTL response, but that the material difference between the various routes is not necessarily relevant in terms of the quantity of antigen needed, or, in terms of the operating parameters of the invention. The pump systems of the invention are capable of delivering material quantities of antigen in a range that makes the invention suitable for inducing CTL response through delivery to all compartments of the body.
CTL stimulation based on delivery of antigen via various routes will be variable, based on the properties of different antigens, which will reflect factors that influence antigen behavior in the body and its rate of equilibration to (or longevity in) the lymph, such an antigen stability in the body fluid, solubility of antigen in body fluid, binding affinity for HLA and potency as a stimulator of CTL.
It is most efficient, and therefore, preferred, that the introduction is done as directly as possible to the lymphatic system to avoid the destruction of the antigen by metabolism in the body. When introduction of a fluid antigen composition occurs subcutaneously, larger quantities of antigen are needed to assure enough antigen reaches the lymphatic system. Such subcutaneous injection is contemplated by this invention if it can be justified by factors such as cost, stability of the antigen, how quickly the antigen gets to the lymph system, how well it equilibrates with the lymph, and other factors that the attending doctor or specialist will recognize.
Subcutaneous delivery will generally require 100 to 1000 times more antigen than direct delivery to the lymph system. It is preferable, therefore, that the antigen composition is introduced through a device for local administration to the lymphatic system, e.g. the spleen, a lymph node, or a lymph vessel. The device for local administration may be positioned outside the patient or implanted into the patient. In either case, the device will have a reservoir to hold the fluid antigen-containing composition, a pump to transfer the composition, and a transmission channel leading from the reservoir to be directed to the preferred region of administration in the patient's body. In either case it is preferably portable.
For the device positioned outside the patient's body (the external device), there are numerous devices used for delivering insulin to diabetic patients that are useful in this invention. Generally these are comprised of a reservoir for holding the antigen composition (instead of insulin), a programmable pump to pump the composition out of the reservoir, a transmission channel or line for transmitting the composition, and a means to introduce the composition into the animal's body to ultimately reach the lymphatic system.
The pump employed may be a roller/peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, a piston/valve pump, a gas pressure pump, or the like that has a power source (generally a battery for portability) that is programmable to deliver the desired level of antigen composition to the patient's body and the lymphatic system. A further discussion of the operation of these pumps may be found "Insulin Pump Therapy" by E.
Austenst and T. Stahl, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York (1990), at Chapter 3. A list of pumps available at that time that are useful for this invention are given in Table IV.
More recent versions of these pumps are available from the manufacturers shown.
TABLE IV
Name Mufa~turec: cliistrid~utorWeightlg) Size (mr,~) Nordisk Infusor Nordisk 180 100 x 60 x Betatron I CP1/Lilly 197 99 x 66 x 20 RW 90 P/RW 91 P/ Dahedi/EA Satorius 110 109 x 42 x RW 92 Instruments 22 MRS 4-Infuser Disetronic 100 75 x 53 x 18 B-D 1000 Becton-Dickinson 131 78 x 57 x 20 Nordisk Infusor Nordisk 180 113 x 65 x MRS 3-Infuser Disetronic 100 75 x 53 x 18 A S8 MP Autosyringe/Travenol 161 102 x 64 x Betatron II CPI/Lilly 197 99 x 66 x 20 Minimed 504 Pacesetter/Haselmeyer 106 86 x 21 x 51 Minimed 404 S' Pacesetter 106 86 x 21 x 51 MRS 1 /H-Tron Disetronic/Hoechst 100 75 x 53 x 18 not yet commercially available Particularly useful pumps are the Disetronic H-Tron V 100 Insulin Pump from Disetronic Medical Systems, Burgdorf, Switzerland and the Minimed 507 Insulin Pump from MiniMed Inc., 12744 San Fernando Road, Sylmar, California 91342. The MiniMed is particularly useful in that it allows programming a bolus without looking at the pump through a series of audio tones (settable in either 0.5 or 1.0 unit increments) and allows programming a bolus for delivery over an extended period of time - from 30 minutes to 4 hours. It provides up to 12 basal rates (or profiles) that can be programmed per 24 hours from 0.0 -25 units/hour in 0.1 unit increments.
The device allows for the temporary increase or decrease of a set basal rate from minutes to 24 hours in 30 minute increments. Other features relating to safety, time display, memory, etc. are available from the manufacturer.
The reservoir for the antigen composition should be large enough for delivery of the desired amount of antigen over time and is easily refillable or replaceable . .... _._...._..._............T...... .._...~..w..~.~-~ ........
without requiring the user to reinsert the means for introducing the antigen composition to the lymph system.
In preparing the antigen compositions of this invention, a composition (preferably aqueous) is prepared to be compatible with the lymph system and is physiologically acceptable to the animal being treated. In preparing the antigen compositions useful in this invention one considers the physicochemical properties of the antigen such as the isoelectric point, molecular weight, glycosylation or other post-translational modification, and overall amino acid composition. These properties along with any known behavior of the drug in different solutions (e.g.
different buffers, cofactors, etc.) as well as its in vivo behavior will help guide the choice of formulation components. One parameter that impacts all the major degradation pathways is the solution pH. Thus, the initial formulations also assess the pH
dependence of the degradation reactions and the mechanism for degradation can often be determined from the pH dependence to determine the stability of the protein in I S each solution. Rapid screening methods usually involve the use of accelerated stability at elevated temperatures (e.g. 40° C) using techniques known in the art.
In general the antigen compositions useful in this invention will be prepared suitable for parenteral injection, in very small quantities. As such a composition must be free of contamination and have a pH compatible with the lymph system.
However, because very small quantities of the antigenic composition will be delivered it need not be the same pH as blood or lymph, and it need not be aqueous-based. For antigens that are less soluble a suitable cosolvent or surfactant may be used, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or PLURONIC brand surfactants. The pH range that is compatible is from about 6.7 - 7.3 and can be prepared using water for injection to meet USP specifications (see Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Edition; Chapters 86-88). Generally, a standard saline solution that is buffered with a physiologically acceptable weak acid and its base conjugate, e.g., a phosphate or citrate buffering system, will be the basis of the antigen composition. In some cases, a small amount of an antioxidant may be useful to stabilize the composition and prevent oxidation. Factors to consider in preparing the antigen compositions may be found in the 1994 American Chemical Society book entitled "Formulation and Delivery of Proteins and Peptides" (Acs Symposium Series, No. 567) by Jeffery L. Cleland and Robert Langer (Editor)).
Generally the amount of the antigen in the antigen composition will vary from patient to patient and from antigen to antigen, depending on such factors as the activity of the antigen in inducing a response and the flow rate of the lymph through the patient's system. In general the antigen composition may be delivered at a rate of from about 1 to about 500 microliters/hour or about 24 to about 12000 microliters/day. The concentration of the antigen is such that about 0.1 micrograms to about 10,000 micrograms of the antigen will be delivered during 24 hours. The flow rate is based on the knowledge that each minute approximately about 100 to about 1000 microliters of lymph fluid flows through an adult inguinal lymph node.
The objective is to maximize local concentration of vaccine formulation in the lymph system. A certain amount of empirical investigation on patients will be necessary to determine the most efficacious level of infusion for a given vaccine preparation in humans.
To introduce the antigen composition into the lymphatic system of the patient, the composition is preferably directed to a lymph vessel, lymph node, the spleen, or other appropriate portion of the lymph system. Preferably, the composition is directed to a lymph node such as an inguinal or axillary node by inserting a catheter or needle to the node and maintaining the catheter or needle throughout the delivery.
Suitable needles or catheters are available made of metal or plastic (e.g.
polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride [PVC], TEFLON, polyethylene, and the like). In inserting the catheter or needle into the inguinal node for example, the inguinal node is punctured under ultrasonographic control using a VialonTM Insyte-WTM cannula and catheter of 24Gsi4 (Becton Dickinson, USA) which is fixed using Tegaderm transparent dressing (TegadermTM 1624, 3M, St. Paul, MN 55144, USA). This procedure is generally done by an experienced radiologist. The location of the catheter tip inside the inguinal lymph node is confirmed by injection of a minimal volume of saline, which immediately and visibly increases the size of the lymph node. The latter procedure allows confirmation that the tip is inside the node and can be performed to ensure that the tip does not slip out of the lymph node can be repeated on various days after implantation of the catheter. In case the tip did in fact slip out of location inside the lymph node, a new catheter can be implanted.
In another embodiment, the antigen is delivered to the lymphatic system through an article of manufacture that is implanted in the animal, preferably at or near a site of a lymphatic organ. The article will include a pump that can deliver the antigen at a controlled rate over a pre-determined period of time and is suitable for use in the host. Several devices are known in the art for the delivery of agents (such as drugs) in humans or animals and these can be used or adapted for use in the present invention.
The implantable device will be similar to the external device discussed above in that it comprises a reservoir of a physiologically-acceptable, aqueous, antigen-containing composition that is capable of inducing a CTL response in an animal, a pump positioned in association with the reservoir to deliver the composition at a defined rate, a transmission channel to discharge the composition from the reservoir, and optionally a delivery line connected to the transmission channel, which delivery line is of a size suitable for positioning in the animal and for delivery of the composition in a manner that reaches the lymphatic system of the animal.
Preferably the pump in the implantable device is an osmotic pump of the type used in the ALZET~ model device or the DUROSTM model device pioneered by Alza Corporation, Palo Alto, CA or in a device made by Pharmetrix and exemplified in U.S. patent 4,838,862. The osmotic pump utilizes the osmotic effect using a membrane permeable to water but impermeable to a solute. Osmotic pressure built up in a device is used to deliver a composition at a controlled rate over time. A
review by Giancarlo Santus and Richard Baker of "Osmotic Drug Delivery: A Review of the Patent Literature" in the Journal of Controlled Release 35 (1995) 1-21, provides useful guidelines for the type of osmotic pumps that are useful in this invention. The osmotic pump forces the composition through a discharge orifice to discharge the composition. Optionally a delivery line connects to the discharge orifice to position the line suitably for delivery to the lymphatic system of the animal. Patents that describe devices useful in this invention include the following U.S. patents:
(A) 3,604,417 assigned to American Cyanamid; (B) 4,838,862; 4,898,582; 5,135,498;
5,169,390; and 5,257,987 all assigned to Pharmetrix, (C) 4,340,048; 4,474,575;
4,552,651; 4,619,652; 4,753,651; 3,732,865; 3,760,804; 3,760,805; 3,929,132;
3,995,632; 4,034,756; 4,350,271; 4,455,145; 5,017,381; 5,023,088; 5,030,216;
5,034,229; 5,037,420; 5,057,318; 5,059,423; 5,110,596; 5,110,597; 5,135,523;
5,137,727; 5,174,999; 5,209,746; 5,221,278; 5,223,265; 3,760,984; 3,987,790;
3,995,631; 4,203,440; 4,286,067; 4,300,558; 4,304,232; 4,340,054; 4,367,741;
4,450,198; 4,855,141; 4,865,598; 4,865,845; 4,872,873; 4,929,233; 4,963,141;
4,976,966, all assigned to Alza Corp. Each of the foregoing patents are incorporated herein by reference.
A basic osmotic pump device incorporates a housing containing a chamber for storing the antigen containing composition to be delivered, separated from a compartment containing an osmotic salt material by a barrier that is moveable under pressure such as a piston or a flexible impermeable membrane. The compartment containing the osmotic salt is separated from osmotic fluid by a semipermeable membrane. In some embodiments, a fluid barrier, such as a foil sheet, isolates the osmotic salt chamber from the osmotic fluid, keeping the pump inactivated until removal of the barrier immediately prior to use. Other osmotic pump devices use body fluid as the osmotic fluid. In these devices a semipermeable membrane separates the osmotic salt compartment from body fluids, and the pump is activated once inserted into the body under exposure to body fluids. In either case, volumetric expansion of the osmotic salt compartment drives the expulsion of the stored antigen from the compartment and into the surrounding environment of the body. These pumps have been highly successful at achieving steady-state pumping and delivery of agents. The pumps are of a small size that can be inserted into a patient, with flexible consideration as to location. This is important in the case of CTL vaccines, since the inventor has determined that efficient induction of CTL responses is contingent on the antigen or antigen expression system being delivered into the lymphatic system, in order to ultimately achieve antigen delivery into a lymphatic organ such as the spleen.
Antigen delivered into a lymph node is 100-1000 times more efficient at inducing CTL responses compared with conventional subcutaneous delivery. A modification to the osmotic pump incorporates a microcatheter attachment (i.e., the optional delivery line) at its discharge end, such that when the pump is implanted proximal to a lymphatic organ, such as a lymph node, the catheter can be inserted into the organ to facilitate delivery of the vaccine directly into the lymphatic system.
Prior to the administration of the antigen using any of the above vehicles, methods may be used to assist in the determination of the optimum location for the antigen delivery. For example, when using the osmotic pump, radiography may be used to image a patient's lymphatic flow, to determine where relatively high lymphatic drainage occurs, in order to decide upon an insertion position for the osmotic pump that maximizes delivery into the lymphatic system. Since each patient has unique lymphatic drainage profiles, imaging would be conducted for each ... T.. ...........~__~._._.._...._...
individual prior to insertion of osmotic pump for delivery of antigen. When using direct cannulation of the lymphatic vessel, such as in the use of osmotic or insulin pumps to deliver antigen, ultrasound can be used to position the needle directly into the lymphatic vessel and to monitor its positioning over the period of treatment.
The following non-limiting examples are illustrative of the present invention.
EXAMPLES
Materials and Methods For Examples 1-5 Mice: The generation of T cell receptor transgenic mice (TCR+ mice) in which approx. 90% of the CD8+ T cells express a TCR recognizing the immunodominant LCMV-glycoprotein epitope (gp-peptide aa33-41, p33:KAVYNFATC-SEQ ID
N0:569) presented on H-2Db, has been described in detail. All experimental mice were between 8 and I2 weeks of age and bred and held under strict pathogen free conditions at the Institut Fur Labortierkunde at the University of Zurich.
Viruses: LCMV (Armstrong strain) was originally obtained from Dr. M.B.A.
Oldstone, Scripps Clinics and Research Foundation, LaJolla, San Diego, CA.
Seed virus was grown on BHK cells and plagued on MC57 cells using an immunological focus assay, as described previously.
Osmotic pump: ALZA model # 1007b.
In vivo protection assays for specific CTL activity: The in vivo assay for the detection of CTL activity by challenge infections with LCMV has been described in detail previously (Oehen et al. 1991 ). Briefly, mice are intravenously challenged with 2X103 pfu of LCMV (Armstrong). After 4 days the titer of LCMV is determined using the above mentioned immunological focus assay.
Primary ex vivo cytotoxicity against LCMV-gp: Mice were injected intravenously with 10~g of p33. After 36 hours spleen single cell suspensions were coincubated for Sh with S~Cr-labeled syngeneic EL-4 (H-26) target cells, that were either pulsed with p33 or left unpulsed. Specific lysis was calculated as [(experimental SICr release - spontaneous SICr release) / (total SICr release spontaneous SICr release) X 100%].
LCMV induced foot pad swelling reaction: Mice were infected with LCMV (Armstrong) by intradermal injection into the hind footpad (5000 pfu in 30:1).
Footpad thickness was measured daily with a spring loaded caliper. Footpad swelling _ WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 is calculated as (measured thickness -thickness before injection) / (thickness before inj ection).
Exampte 1 Continuous release of peptide antigen using osmotic pump induces potent CTL
response in C57BLl6 Mice C57BL16 mice were either intravenously injected with a single dose of SOpg p33 (including 500 ng GM-CSF) (circles) or were implanted with a micro-osmotic pump releasing a mixture of SOpg of p33 and 500 ng GM-CSF over a time period of 7 days (triangles), or were left naive (data not shown). After 7 days mice were sacrificed to prepare single cell suspensions from the spleen. Spleen cells were restimulated in vitro for S days by p33 pulsed in the presence of low amounts of IL-2.
Specific cytotoxicity was measured using SICr-labeled EL-4 target cells pulsed with p33. Specific lysis of EL-4 target cells without p33 was less than 16% for all effectors. The results are shown in Figure 1.
Example 2 Continuous release of antigen induces CTL immunity against virus in C57BLl6 mice C57BL/6 mice were either intravenously injected with a single dose of SO~g p33 (including 500 ng GM-CSF. Pharmingen) or were implanted with a microsomotic pump releasing a mixture of SO~g of p33 and 500 ng GM-CSF over a time period of 7 days, or were left naive. After 7 days specific CTL activity was assessed in vivo using anti-viral protection assays. C57BL/6 mice were intravenously challenged with LCMV Armstrong strain (2x103 p.f.u.). After 4 days mice were sacrificed and LCMV
titers were determined in spleens using an immunological focus assay. Mice implanted with osmotic pump showed significantly lower virus titers indicating active CTL immunity against the virus (Table V).
_.T. _ _.__._.___...
TABLE V
C57BL/6 Mice Virus Titer ~loglo) Single injection 4.2 Single injection 4.6 Single injection 4.0 Pump delivered 2.2 Pump delivered 1.8 Pump delivered 2.0 Unprimed 4.8 Unprimed 3.8 Unprimed 4.4 Example 3 Continuoa~s release of antigen maintains potent CTL effectors in TCR
Transgenic Mice TCR transgenic mice were either intravenously injected with a single dose of SOp.g p33 (circles) or were implanted with a microsomotic pump releasing a mixture of SO~g of p33 (triangles), or left naive (squares). After 36 hours mice were sacrificed to prepare single cell suspensions from the spleen which were assayed ex vivo for p33-specific cytotoxicity using S~Cr-labeled EL-4 target cells pulsed with p33. Similarly mice were either intravenously injected with a single dose of SOp,g p33 (circles) or were implanted with a micro-osmotic pump releasing a mixture of SO~g of p33 over a time period of 7 days (triangles), or were left naive (squares).
After 7 days mice were sacrificed to prepare single cell suspensions from the spleen to assay ex vivo p33-specific cytotoxicity using S~Cr-labeled EL-4 target cells pulsed with p33.
Specific lysis of EL-4 target cells without p33 was less than 18% for all effectors. The results are shown in Figures 2A and 2B.
Continuous release of antigen maintains protective CTL response against virus infection.
After 7 days TCR transgenic mice were challenged by intradermal LCMV
injection into their hind foot pads (2x103 pfu in 30g.1). The absence of a foot pad swelling reaction, as observed in mice with an implanted pump (triangles), indicates that at the time point of injection there was active CTL immunity inhibiting local replication of the virus in the foot pad. In contrast, foot pad swelling, as observed in mice injected with the peptide as a single bolus (circles) and naive control mice (data not shown), indicated that LCMV successfully replicated in the foot pad in the absence of protective CTL. The results are shown in Figure 2C.
Example 4 Direct delivery of antigen into lymphatic organ dramatically increases efficiency of CTL induction TCR transgenic mice were injected with graded doses of gp-peptide p33 either subcutaneously (S.C.), intravenously (LV.) or directly into the spleen (LS.) via a small abdominal incision. The efficiency of CTL induction was assessed by measuring gp-specific CTL activity 24 hours after injection. CTL activity is known to peak one day after injection of peptide. Mice were sacrificed to prepare single cell suspensions from draining lymph nodes or from spleen to assay ex vivo p33-specific cytotoxicity using SICr-labeled EL-4 target cells pulsed with p33. Specific lysis of EL-4 target cells without p33 was less than 12% for all effectors. The results are shown in Figure 3.
Example 5 Dendritic Cells Purified from Mice Receiving Intrasplenic Injection of Peptide Potently Stimulate CTL
The effect of directing peptide delivery into lymphatic system was assessed.
Peptide p33 was injected either i.v., s.c. or directly into the spleen of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. After 2 hours, DCs were isolated from the spleen of animals injected either i.s. or i.v., and additionally from the regional draining lymph nodes of animals injected s.c. Cells isolated from these tissues were sorted for DCs using magnetic beads coupled with a monoclonal antibody recognizing the integrin-alpha chain, a marker specific for DCs in spleen and lymph nodes. The positively and the negatively sorted cell fractions were compared regarding their capacity to in vitro stimulate naive CD8+ T cells from TCR transgenic mice specific for LCMV-gp.
Only when peptide had been directly injected into the spleen, the DC
containing cell fraction stimulated CTL to proliferate, as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake.
This indicated that CTL induction after direct injection of peptide into lymphatic organs reflected efficient loading of DCs with peptide. In contrast, the fraction depleted for DC did not induce proliferation and DCs isolated from lymphoid organs of i.v.
and s.c injected mice were not effective stimulators. The results are shown in Figure 4.
While the present invention has been described with reference to what are presently considered to be the preferred examples, it is to be understood that the ____. ~..__~~..._ _ invention is not limited to the disclosed examples. To the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
All publications, patents and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of inducing and/or sustaining an immunological CTL response in a mammal, which method comprises delivering an antigen to the mammal at a level sufficient to induce an immunologic CTL response in the mammal and maintaining the level of the antigen in the mammal's lymphatic system over time sufficient to maintain the immunologic CTL response.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the CTL response is maintained by delivering the antigen directly to the animal's lymphatic system.
3. The method of Claim 2 wherein the CTL response is maintained by delivering the antigen directly to the spleen, a lymph node or lymph vessel.
4. A method of treating a mammal having a disease, or being predisposed to a disease, to which the mammal's immune system mounts a cell-mediated response to a disease-related antigen to attack the disease, which method comprises delivering a disease-matched antigen to the animal at a level sufficient to induce an increased CTL-response in the animal and maintaining the increased CTL-response in the animal by sustained, regular delivery of the disease-matched antigen to the animal for a time sufficient to treat the disease wherein the sustained, regular delivery of the antigen is done in a manner that maintains the level of antigen in the animal's lymphatic system.
5. The method of Claim 4 wherein the disease is cancer.
6. The method of Claim 5 wherein the cancer is malignant melanoma.
7. The method of Claim 4 wherein the disease is an infectious disease.
8. The method of Claim 7 wherein the infectious disease is a viral disease.
9. The method of Claim 4 wherein a single antigen is delivered to the animal.
10. The method of Claim 4 wherein multiple antigens are delivered to the animal.
r __..._.____ _....
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> Kuendig,.Thomas M.
Simard, John J. L.
<120> A Method of Inducing a CTL Response <130> CTLI-001/02W0 <140> Not yet assigned <141> 1998-07-10 <150> 08/988,320US
<151> 1997-12-10 <150> 2,209,815CA
<151> 1997-07-10 <160> 569 <170> PatentIn Ver. 2.0 <210> 1 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Adenovirus 3 <400> 1 Leu Ile Val Ile Gly Ile Leu Ile Leu <210>2 <211>10 <212>PRT
<213>Adenovirus <400> 2 Ser Gly Pro Ser Asn Thr Pro Pro Glu Ile <210>3 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Adenovirus <400> 3 Val Asn Ile Arg Asn Cys Cys Tyr Ile <210> 4 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Adenovirus 5 <400> 4 Ser Gly Pro Ser Asn Ile Pro Pro Glu Ile <210> 5 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> CSFV
<400> 5 Glu Asn Ala Leu Leu Val Ala Leu Phe <210>5 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Dengue virus <400> 5 Thr Pro Glu Gly Ile Ile Pro Thr Leu <210> 7 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 7 Cys Leu Gly Gly Leu Leu Thr Met Val <210> 8 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 8 Asn Ile Ala Glu Gly Leu Arg Ala Leu <210> 9 <211> 3 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 9 Asn Leu Arg Arg Gly Thr Ala Leu Ala <210> 10 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 10 Ala Leu Ala Ile Pro Gln Cys Arg Leu <210> 11 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 11 Val Leu Lys Asp Ala Ile Lys Asp Leu <210> 12 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 12 Phe Met Val Phe Leu Gln Thr His Ile <210> 13 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 13 His Leu Ile Val Asp Thr Asp Ser Leu <210> 14 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 14 Ser Leu Gly Asn Pro Ser Leu Ser Val <210> 15 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 15 Pro Leu Ala Ser Ala Met Arg Met Leu <210> 16 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 16 Arg Met Leu Trp Met Ala Asn Tyr Ile <210> 17 <211> S
<212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 17 Met Leu Trp Met Ala Asn Tyr Ile Val <210> 18 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 18 Ile Leu Pro Gln Gly Pro Gln Thr Ala <210> 19 <211>
<212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 19 Pro Leu Arg Pro Thr Ala Pro Thr Ile <210> 20 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 20 Pro Leu Pro Pro Ala Thr Leu Thr Val <210> 21 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 21 Arg Met His Leu Pro Val Leu His Val <210> 22 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 22 Pro Met Pro Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Leu <210> 23 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 23 Gln Leu Pro Pro Pro Ala Ala Pro Ala <210> 24 <211> y <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 24 Ser Met Pro Glu Leu Ser Pro Val Leu <210> 25 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 25 Asp Leu Asp Glu Ser Trp Asp Tyr Ile <210> 26 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 26 Pro Leu Pro Cys Val Leu Trp Pro Val <210> 27 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 27 Ser Leu Glu Glu Cys Asp Ser Glu Leu <210> 2B
<211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 28 Glu Ile Lys Arg Tyr Lys Asn Arg Val <210> 29 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 29 Gln Leu Leu Gln His Tyr Arg Glu Val <210> 30 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HCV-1 <400> 30 Leu Leu Gln His Tyr Arg Glu Val Ala <210> 31 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 31 Leu Leu Lys Gln Met Cys Pro Ser Leu <210> 32 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 32 Ser Ile Ile Pro Arg Thr Pro Asp Val <210> 33 <211> 7.0 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 33 Leu Leu Asp Phe Val Arg Phe Met Gly Val <210> 34 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 34 Ser Val. Arg Asp Arg Leu Ala Arg Leu <210> 35 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 35 Ile Val Thr Asp Phe Ser Val Ile Lys <210> 36 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 36 Ala Val Phe Asp Arg Lys Ser Asp Ala Lys <210> 37 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 37 Arg Tyr Ser Ile Phe Phe Asp Tyr <210> 38 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 38 Gln Pro Arg Ala Pro I1e Arg Pro Ile <210> 39 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 39 Arg Pro Pro Ile Phe Ile Arg Arg Leu <210> 40 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 40 Glu Pro Asp Val Pro Pro Gly Ala Ile <2i0> 41 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 41 Ile Pro Gln Cys Arg Leu Thr Pro Leu <210> 42 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 42 Gly Pro Gly Pro Gln Pro Gly Pro Leu <210> 43 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 43 Gln Pro Gly Pro Leu Glu Arg Ser Ile <210> 44 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 44 Arg Pro Gln Lys Arg Pro Ser Cys Ile <210> 45 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 45 Pro Pro Thr Pro Leu Leu Thr Val Leu <210> 46 <211> y <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 46 Thr Pra Ser Pro Pro Arg Met His Leu <210> 47 <211> .9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 47 Pro Pro Arg Met His Leu Pro Val Leu <210> 48 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 48 Val Pro Asp Gln Ser Met His Pro Leu <210> 49 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 49 Pro Pro Ser Ile Asp Pro Ala Asp Leu <210> 50 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 50 Leu Pro Cys Val Leu Trp Pro Val Leu <210> 51 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 51 Cys Pro Ser Leu Asp Val Asp Ser Ile Ile <210> 52 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 52 Thr Pro Asp Val Leu His Glu Asp Leu <210> 53 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 53 Phe Leu Arg Gly Arg Ala Tyr Gly Leu <210> 54 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 54 Gln Ala Lys Trp Arg Leu Gln Thr Leu <210> 55 <211>
<212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 55 Ala Tyr Pro Leu His Glu Gln His Gly <210> 56 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
response) to an antigen in an animal over time. The method comprises delivering the antigen to the animal in a manner that delivers the antigen into the lymphatic system of an animal to sustain the desired response over time. Generally this is done by establishing a mechanism to transfer an antigen from a reservoir to the animal's lymphatic system on a regular basis over time. The antigen may be delivered by a variety of methods that target intralymphatic presentation, including subcutaneous injection, direct injection into the lymphatic system by an antigen delivery vehicle that is implanted, preferably at or near a lymphatic organ, or by an antigen delivery vehicle that is external to the animal but contains a means (e.g. a needle or catheter) to deliver the antigen into the lymphatic system. By this method one can avoid multiple ongoing injections and can also avoid the use of including professional antigen-presenting cells in the composition held in the reservoir.
The method of this invention can be viewed as inducing CTL immune response by providing high continuous local concentrations of antigen, which otherwise is quickly removed and degraded from the body after bolus injection.
Potent activation of CD8+T cells requires signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR) in a manner that is dependent on both quantitative and qualitative factors.
Quantitative factors refer to the number of TCRs engaged by peptide-MHC
complexes. Qualitative considerations include the duration of engagement of the TCR by peptide-MHC complexes, with specific peptide-MHC complexes. Sustained regular deliveries of antigen allows optimal conditions to be established for inducing CD8+ T cells.
The antigen is delivered to the animal so that the antigen is present in the animal's lymphatic system on a sustained basis over a period of time. That is to say, it is delivered in such a way that the presence of the antigen is maintained over the period of time in the animal's lymphatic system. Thus, the antigen is delivered to the animal on a regular basis, i.e. the antigen is delivered regularly without significant intemzption over the period of time. This regular delivery is achieved by the constant delivery of the antigen at low levels directly to the lymphatic system using an external device ar an implantable device, as discussed hereinafter. Alternatively, the antigen can be delivered at higher levels to the animal by subcutaneous injection with indirect absorption or equilibration with the lymph system. Delivery on a regular basis is meant to include intermittent (stopping and transmitting at intervals) as well as continuous (transmitting without interruption) delivery. In intermittent delivery, the - ' WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 times transmission is stopped will not be enough to reduce the level of antigen in the animal's lymphatic system to eliminate the desired specific immunological response.
Thus, the antigen may be delivered in pulses or small doses over time.
Preferably, the sustained delivery is achieved by the positioning of a means of delivery so that the animal being treated does not have to receive multiple injections of the antigen, but instead has only one insertion of the means for delivery, e.g. an insertion of a catheter or needle for infusion of a suitable antigen-containing composition or the surgical implantation of an implantable device that release an appropriate, antigen-containing composition on a sustained basis.
The period of time over which the antigen will be released will be a time sufficient to induce and maintain the desired specific immunological response, e.g. to maintain a CTL response, and in the case of an animal with a tumor or infection, at a level sufficient to stimulate the immune system to attack the tumor and inhibit its growth or to attack the infection. Generally, this period of time may vary from a few days, e.g. a week, to a year or more. Preferably, the treatment, i.e.
sustained delivery of the antigen, will extend for at least seven days and no more than six months. It has been found that the CTL response is induced by administration for at least seven days.
To determine the period of time, the attending physician will evaluate, i.e., the severity of the condition, the strength of the patient, the antigenic response (e.g., the level of CD8+ cells measurable in the patient's system), the presence of toxic effects, and other factors known to one of skill in the art. Ultimately the time for sustained delivery in a cancer patient will be that necessary for improvement in the patient as evidenced by reduction in the size of the tumor, the rate of growth of the tumor, and/or the improvement in the overall health of the patient being treated. In the treatment of infectious diseases the treatment is continued until the health of the patient improves sufficiently to stop treatment.
The underlying immunological rationale for the utility of this invention arises from certain immunological considerations. The immune system has evolved to protect the host from microbial infection. CD4+ T cells together with B cells are the main components of the immune system humoral effector arm, which is crucial to eliminate extracellular pathogens or toxins. In contrast, the CD8+ T cell arm of the immune system is mainly responsible for eliminating intracellular pathogens, i.e. most importantly viruses, either via cytokine release or by cytotoxic activity. It is now emerging that these most efficient "killer cells" of the immune system would best _ _..~. _ _ serve as the primary effector cells in tumor immunotherapy. An object of this invention is to mount a disease-specific CTL response (CD8+ T cell response) against the disease and sustain it over time, e.g., a tumor specific or microbial specific CTL
response.
~ C:D8+ T cells recognize antigenic oligopeptides presented on HLA class I
molecules of target cells, e.g., tumor cells. The sequences of many HLA-Al and HLA-A2 presented tumor and pathogen specific antigen peptides have recently been characterized. These peptides may be used in this invention to induce, e.g., a melanoma-specific CD8+ T cell response. These peptides are discussed hereinafter.
In contrast to viral infection, class I-binding oligopeptides show only low immunogenicity. Most viruses induce peak CD8+ T cell responses around 7-10 days after systemic spread. This invention aims at enhancing the immunogenecity of class I
binding oligopeptides by sustained, regular release of peptide into a lymphatic system and continued release into the lymphatic system.
In contrast to antibody-mediated B cell memory, which is long lived, T cell memory appears to be short lived or non-existent. In accordance with this invention, maintenance of functional T cell memory depends on persistence of antigen through continued, regular administration of the desired antigen. Having made this invention and looking at past concepts that might support this underlying rationale, some evidence includes the observation that delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) of the tuberculin type (the only functional test for T cell memory in humans), can be elicited only in granulomatous disease, such as tuberculosis (tuberculin test), leprosy (lepromin test), brucellosis (brucellin test), sarcoidosis (Kveim test), Histoplasmosis (histoplasimin test) etc., but no such test could be established for non-granulomatous infectious disease. A factor that all granulomatous diseases have in common, is that the antigen persists within the granuloma - professional antigen presenting cells can use this reservoir to continuously restimulate specific T cells in lymphoid organs. In mice models (see Example 3) it is demonstrated that maintenance of functional CD8+
T cell memory was strictly dependent on continuous antigenic restimulation.
T'o determine whether a CTL response is obtained in an animal being treated in accordance with this invention, one measures the level of CD8+ cells (i. e.
CTL) present in the blood or lymphatic organs such as the spleen or lymph nodes.
This determination is done by first measuring the level of CD8+ cells before performing the method of this invention and measuring the level during treatment, e.g. at 7, 10, 20, 40 days, etc. The level or strength of the CD8+ (CTL) response can be assessed in vivo or in vitro. In humans, there exists so far only one in vivo test to measure CD8+
T cell responses, which is a skin test. In this skin test, HLA class I binding peptides are injected intradermally (such as described in Jager, E. et al. Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor Enhances Immune Responses To Melanoma associated Peptides in vivo Int. J. Cancer 67, 54-62 (1996)). If a CTL
response is present, these cells will recognize and attack peptide pulsed dermal cells, causing a local inflammatory reaction either via cytokine release or the cytotoxic mechanism (Kiindig, T.M., Althage, A., Hengartner, H. & Zinkernagel, R.M. A skin test to assess CD8+ cytotoxic T cell activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7757-776 (1992)).
This inflammatory reaction can be quantified by measuring the diameter of the local skin rash and/or by measuring the diameter of the infiltrate (i.e., the swelling reaction). As an alternative to the injection of soluble free peptide, the HLA-class I
binding peptide can also be injected intradermally in a bound form, e.g., bound to extracorporally derived dendritic cells. In other mammals, additional, although experimental, in vivo tests to assess CD8+ T cell responses exist. For example, in a mouse model, CD8+ T cell responses can be measured by challenge infection with a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the peptide used for immunization. While naive mice succumb to the infection with the vaccina recombinant virus, mice with preexisting CD8+ T cell immunity against the peptide epitope expressed by the vaccinia recombinant virus, are immune to reinfection. The level of immunity to reinfection can be quantified as the factor of reduction of the vaccinia virus titer recovered from mouse organs after challenge infection (Bachmann, M.F. &
Kundig, T.M. In vitro vs. in vivo assays for the assessment of T-and B- cell function.
Curr.Opin.lmmunol. 6, 320-326 (1994)). For example, 5 days after challenge infection, a typical vaccinia recombinant virus titer recovered from a mouse ovary would be around 10' pfu per ovary, whereas the vaccinia recombinant virus titer in a mouse with a preexisting CD8+ T cell response against the recombinant gene product would for example be around 103 pfu per ovary. Such a 10,000 fold-reduction in virus titer reflects biologically significant preexisting CD8+ T cell activity against the recombinant gene product.
The level of CD8+ T cell responses can also be quantified in vitro, by estimating the number of CD8+ T cells specific for the antigenic peptide in question.
In a naive mammal the so called "frequency", i.e., the number of specific CD8+
T
_. ___ ..._. __ _ _ cells divided by the number of non-specific white blood cells, is less than 10'6. After successful immunization, the frequency increases due to proliferation of specific T
cells. During an acute viral infection, for example, the frequency of specific CD8+ T
cells may rise to 10-2. Then, after elimination of the virus, the frequency of specific CD8+ T cells usually drops to a "memory" level of around 10~. Thus, the CD8+ T
cell response can be quantified by measuring the frequency of specific CD8+ T
cells.
~ The higher the frequency, the stronger the response. The classical assays used to measure the frequency of specific CD8+ T cells are based on limiting dilution cell culture techniques, as described in detail by Kiindig, T.M. et al. (On the role of antigen :in maintaining cytotoxic T cell memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 9716-9723 ( 1996)). A
novel approach to estimate the frequency of specific CD8+ T cells is to construct soluble class I MHC (for use in mice) or HLA molecules (for use in humans) with a peptide bound to their groove, so that the specific T cell receptors will bind to these complexes. These complexes can be labeled for detection, for example, with a fluorescent substance, allowing for detection by flow cytometry.
One current procedure to render peptides immunogenic is to inject them in context with "nature's most potent adjuvant", i. e., professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) (Steinmann, R.M., The dendritic cells system and its role in immunogenicity, Annual Review of Immunology 9, 271-96 (1991)). DCs are the most potent APCs of the immune system. They can now be cultured in vitro by adding granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-4 (IL-4) to progenitors isolated from the blood of patients or mice (Inaba, K. et al., Identification of proliferating dendritic cell precursors in mouse blood, Journal of Experimental Medicine 175, 1157-1167 (1992)}. Large numbers of DCs can then be pulsed with tumor specific antigen peptides and are injected back into the patient, where they migrate into lymphatic organs to induce T cell responses (Young, J.W. & Inaba, K., Dendritic Cells As Adjuvants For Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex-restricted Anti-tumor Immunity, Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, 7-11 (1996)).
An object of this invention is to circumvent the time-consuming, labor intensive procedure of culturing DCs after isolation of DC progenitors and deliver the antigen to the lymphatic system free of APCs such as DCs. The method of this invention, i.e., the sustained, regular delivery of antigen into a lymphatic organ, allows sufficiently high local concentrations of antigen inside the lymphatic organ, such that professional antigen presenting cells, e.g., dendritic cells, can be loaded with peptide in vivo. This can be viewed as a method of loading antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells) in vivo for inducing a CTL response.
The method of the present invention is clearly advantageous over the prior art methods for inducing a CTL response against a tumor or virus. For example, the present invention does not require repetitive immunizations to effect for prolonged anti-tumor immunotherapy. The sustained delivery of the antigen maintains the CTL
response that could ultimately afford a prolonged aggressive posture of CTL
against tumor cells, more thorough eradication, and protection against recurrence during the vaccine treatment. In the absence of antigen, CTL that have undergone primary activation soon cease to recirculate through the body, soon finding their way to the spleen where they become quiescent. Since CTL must immediately deliver a lethal hit, their residence in the spleen precludes an active role in protection against infections or tumor growth at distant sites in the body. The controlled release of antigen recognized by CTL in this invention circumvents this outcome as antigen delivery is maintained. Sustained released antigen delivery to the lymphatic system by this invention solves two major problems: it provides for potent CTL
stimulation that takes place in the milieu of the lymphoid organ, and it sustains stimulation that is necessary to keep CTL active, cytotoxic and recirculating through the body.
Another fundamental improvement of the present method over prior art is that it facilitates the use of inherently non-immunogenic peptide antigens for CTL
stimulation without the combined use of conventional adjuvants. This is very beneficial as most experimental adjuvants are toxic and poorly suited for use in humans. In addition adjuvants stimulate the TH2-type humoral immune response that negatively affects the CTL response. Further, since conventional adjuvants are not required, only the minimal antigenic epitope for a CTL response is required in the formulation.
An additional advantage to the method of the present invention, where it embodies the use of mechanical delivery systems, is that the antigen delivery can be stopped if any adverse immunological effects are observed. For example, in vaccines against melanoma, CTL have been induced to attack not only malignant melanocytes but also healthy tissue, causing "vitiligo." The ability to discontinue a CTL
vaccine at any time is a significant advance in vaccine safety. Peptides have a short half life due T __ ~. w_ _ _ to catabolism in the liver. Therefore, the stimulation-effect falls soon after cessation of delivery.
As pointed out before, the method of this invention has two parts: ( 1 ) inducing an increased CTL response and (2) maintaining the response. The inducing and maintaining may be performed using the same device, as discussed hereinafter, or the inducing may be done separately, e.g., by a separate injection of an antigen then following up with sustained delivery of the antigen over time to maintain the response.
Diseases treated according to the invention In general, this invention is useful for treating an animal having (or being predisposed to) any disease to which the animal's immune system mounts a cell-mediated response to a disease-related antigen in order to attack the disease.
Thus, the type of disease may be a malignant tumor or a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacterium, virus, protozoan, helminth, or other microbial pathogen that enters intracellularly and is attacked, i. e., by the cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In addition, the invention is useful for treating an animal that may be at risk of developing such diseases.
Malignant Tumors In a mature animal, a balance usually is maintained between cell renewal and cell death in most organs and tissues. The various types of mature cells in the body have a given life span; as these cells die, new cells are generated by the proliferation and differentiation of various types of stem cells. Under normal circumstances, the production of new cells is so regulated that the numbers of any particular type of cell remain constant. Occasionally, though, cells arise that are no longer responsive to normal growth-control mechanisms. These cells give rise to clones of cells that can expand to a considerable size, producing a tumor, or neoplasm. A tumor that is not capable of indefinite growth and does not invade the healthy surrounding tissue extensively is benign. A tumor that continues to grow and becomes progressively invasive is malignant; the term cancer refers specifically to a malignant tumor. In addition to uncontrolled growth, malignant tumors exhibit metastasis; in this process, small clusters of cancerous cells dislodge from a tumor, invade the blood or lymphatic vessels, and are earned to other tissues, where they continue to proliferate.
In this way a primary tumor at one site can give rise to a secondary tumor at another site.
IS
The methods, devices and articles of manufacture discussed herein are useful for treating animals having malignant tumors.
Malignant tumors treated according to this invention are classified according to the embryonic origin of the tissue from which the tumor is derived.
Carcinomas are tumors arising from endodermal or ectodermal tissues such as skin or the epithelial lining of internal organs and glands. A melanoma is a type of carcinoma of the skin for which this invention is particularly useful. Sarcomas, which arise less frequently, are derived from mesodermal connective tissues such as bone, fat, and cartilage. The leukemias and lymphomas are malignant tumors of hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. Leukemias proliferate as single cells, whereas lymphomas tend to grow as tumor masses. The malignant tumors may show up at numerous organs or tissues of the body to establish a cancer. The types of cancer that can be treated in accordance with this invention include the following: bladder, brain, breast, cervical, colo-rectal, esophageal, kidney, liver, lung, nasopharangeal, pancreatic, prostate, skin, stomach, uterine, and the like. The present invention is not limited to the treatment of an existing tumor or infectious disease but can also be used to prevent or lower the risk of developing such diseases in an individual, i.e., for prophylactic use.
Potential candidates for prophylactic vaccination include individuals with a high risk of developing cancer, i.e., with a personal or tuminal history of certain types of cancer.
The incidence of skin cancer has increased substantially over the last decades.
Lifetime analysis indicates that around 1/1500 humans born in 1935, 1/600 born in 1960, 1/100 born in 1990 and a projected 1/75 humans born in the year 2000 will have melanoma in their lifetime. Surgical excision usually cures melanoma.
However, even small looking lesions may have already metastasized at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis of metastasized melanoma is very poor and correlates with the thickness of the primary tumor and with its localization.
The current treatment of malignant melanoma aims at surgical removal of the primary tumor. If metastases are present, chemotherapy and biological response modifiers are additionally used. However, patients with stage IV malignant melanoma are almost invariably incurable and treatments are palliative.
Patients with Stage IV malignant melanoma have a median survival time of approximately one year and only a 10% chance of long-term survival. There is at present no generally accepted standard therapy for metastatic melanoma. Objective response rates to mono- or polychemotherapy are low in comparison with other tumors, reaching no more than 15-35%. An improved treatment outcome in stage IV malignant melanoma seems unachievable either by chemotherapeutic combinations or by increasing doses to levels where autologous bone marrow transplantation becomes necessary. The method of this invention is useful for treating malignant melanoma, even at Stage IV.
Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases, which have plagued animal populations (particularly humans) throughout history, still cause millions of deaths each year. The infectious diseases that can be treated using this invention include those caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and the like. These diseases include such chronic diseases such as acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis (hepatitis A, B C, D, E, F virus), measles, mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus), whooping cough (pertussis), AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus 1 & 2), rabies, yellow fever, and the like. Other diseases caused by human papilloma virus or various strains of virus are treatable by this method.
In some instances, the mammal, in particular human, can be treated prophylactically, such as when there may be a risk of developing disease. An individual travelling to or living in an area of endemic infectious disease may be considered to be at risk and a candidate for prophylactic vaccination against the particular infectious agent. For example, the CTL response can be induced in a human expecting to enter a malarial area and/or while in the malarial area by using a CTL-inducing, malaria-specific antigen to lower the risk of developing malaria.
Preventative treatment can be applied to any number of diseases including those listed above, where there is a known relationship between the particular disease and a particular risk factor, such as geographical location or work environment.
Antigens useful in the invention An antigen useful in this invention is one that stimulates the immune system of a mammal having a malignant tumor or infectious disease to attack the tumor and inhibit its growth or to destroy the pathogen causing the disease. Thus, the antigen used in the invention is matched to the specific disease found in the animal being treated. In this regard the antigen may be said to induce a CTL response (also referred to as a cell-mediated immune response), i.e. a cytotoxic reaction by the immune system that results in lysis of the target cells (e.g., the malignant tumor cells or pathogen-infected cells).
To determine whether an antigen is matched to a particular patient, whether human or other animal, the tissue type of the patient is first determined. If human, the tissue must demonstrate the appropriate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) capable of binding and displaying the antigen to CTL. It is preferable that the HLA
typing be performed on the target cells, since a significant portion of tumors escape immune detection by downregulating expression of HLA. Therefore HLA expression on normal cells of the patient does not necessarily reflect that found on tumor cells in their body. A tumor from a patient is also screened to determine if he or she expresses the antigen that is being used in the vaccine formulation.
Immunohistochemistry and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques both can be used to detect antigen in the tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry offers the advantage in that it stains a cross-section of tumor in a slide preparation, allowing investigators to observe the antigen expression pattern in cross-section of tumor, which is typically heterogeneous for antigen expression. PCR has the advantage of not requiring specific monoclonal antibodies for staining and is a fast and powerful technique. In addition, PCR can be applied in situ. Ideally, both immunohistochemical and PCR methods should be combined when assessing antigen expression in tumors. While the antigen compositions useful in this invention are designed to include the most commonly expressed tumor antigens (as discussed hereafter), not all tumors will express the desired antigens}. Where a tumor fails to express the desired antigen, the patient is excluded for consideration for that particular antigen composition. Thus, an aspect of this invention is a process for preparing a device useful for providing a sustained CTL response over time by matching a subject's antigen specific to the tumor or pathogen in the subject, preparing a physiologically-acceptable composition of the antigen so matched, and combining the composition in a suitable delivery device as discussed in hereinafter.
Immune activation of CD8+ T cells generates a population of effector cells with lytic capability called cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTL. These effector cells have important roles in the recognition and elimination of malignant cells and pathogens. In general, CTL are CD8+ and are therefore class I MHC restricted, although in rare instances CD4+ class II - restricted T cells have been shown to function as CTL. Since virtually all nucleated cells in the body express class I MHC
molecules, CTL can recognize and eliminate almost any altered body cell. CD8+T
cells recognize antigen presented on HLA class I molecules of tumor cells through T
cell receptors.
The CTL-mediated immune response can be divided into two phases, reflecting different aspects of the cytotoxic T-cell response. The first phase involves the activation and differentiation of T~ (CD8+) cells into functional effector CTLs. In the second phase, CTLs recognize antigen - class I MHC complexes on specific target cells, initiating a sequence of events that culminates in target-cell destruction. Further detailed discussion of the process is found at Chapter 15 of the Second Edition of "Immunology" by Janis Kuby, W.H. Freeman and Company (1991).
The type of tumor antigen useful in this invention may be a tumor-specific antigen (TSA) or a tumor-associated antigen (TAA). A TSA is unique to tumor cells and does not occur on other cells in the body. A TAA associated antigen is not unique to a tumor cell and instead is also expressed on a normal cell under conditions that fail to induce a state of immunologic tolerance to the antigen. The expression of the antigen on the tumor may occur under conditions that enable the immune system to respond to the antigen. TAAs may be antigens that are expressed on normal cells during fetal development when the immune system is immature and unable to respond or they may be antigens that are normally present at extremely low levels on normal cells but which are expressed at much higher levels on tumor cells. TSAs and TAAs can be jointly referred to as TRA or a tumor related antigen.
Tumor antigens useful in the present invention, whether tumor-specific or tumor-associated, must be capable of inducing a CTL-mediated immune response.
The presence of tumor antigens that elicit a cell-mediated response has been demonstrated by the rejection of tumors transplanted into syngeneic recipients;
because of this phenomenon, these tumor antigens are referred to as tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTAs) or tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATAs). It has been difficult to characterize tumor transplantation antigens because they do not generally elicit an antibody response and therefore they cannot be isolated by immunoprecipitation. Many are peptides that are presented together with MHC
molecules on the surface of tumor cells and have been characterized by their ability to induce an antigen-specific CTL.
The type of pathogen specific antigen useful in this invention may be short oligopeptides derived from pathogen proteins. These oligopeptides must bind to class I MHC (for use in mice), class I HLA (for use in humans), or class I molecules of any other mammals. Also, such class I molecule bound peptides should be recognizable by specific T cell receptors. Such oligopeptides usually have a length of 8-15 amino acids. Several examples of such pathogen derived oligopeptides, so called T
cell epitopes, are given in Tables I and II.
The tumor antigens and pathogen-specific antigens useful in this invention are generally thought to be presented at the surface of an antigen presenting cell (APC) to stimulate the immune system through class I molecules of the major histocompatability complex (MHC) interactively with the CD8+ cells.
Antigens useful in the invention are generally protein-based entities of a molecular weight of up to 100,000 daltons. Appropriate antigens include, but are not limited to differentiation antigens, tumor-specific multilineage antigens, embryonic antigens, antigens of oncogenes and mutated tumor-suppressor genes, unique tumor antigens resulting from chromosomal translocations, viral antigens, and others that may be apparent presently or in the future to one of skill in the art. It is preferable that the antigen be a peptide of 8 to 15 amino acids in length that is an epitope of a larger antigen, i.e. it is a peptide having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the site on the larger molecule that is recognized and bound by a particular T-cell receptor. These smaller peptides are available to one of skill in the art by following the teachings of LT.S. Patents 5,747,269 to Rammensee et al. issued May 5, 1998;
5,698,396 to Pfreundschuh issued December 16, 1997; and PCT Application Numbers PCT/EP95/02593 filed 4 July 1995, PCT/DE96/00351 filed 26 Feb 1996, and PCT/EP97/05198 filed 22 Sept 1997, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
A powerful method has been recently developed for identifying new peptides that are useful in the invention. Genes determined to express protein with high exclusivity in tumor cells or microbial cells (e.g. viruses) can be identified using a so called SERER process, which involves expression cloning using tumor cell libraries and screening these libraries against immunoglobulin in patient sera. Over one hundred genes have recently been identified from tumor biopsies using this process.
These genes can now be used in a peptide prediction algorithm developed by Hans-Georg Rammensee. Algorithms have been developed for all major HLA types found in the human population. First the protein sequence is "translated" based on the gene sequence. The algorithms can predict peptide epitopes for various HLA types based on the protein sequence. Since the predicted peptides are indeed predictions and are not always naturally found on cells, tumor samples are used to confirm the predicted peptides by actually isolating minute trace peptide from tumors. Being able to calculate the exact mass of the predicted peptides allows trace peptide identification using ultrasensitive mass spectrophotometry, which can detect peptides in quantities less that that which would permit peptide sequencing and identification. Once these tumor-associated peptides have been identified they are suitable for use in the invention, since peptides of a known sequence may be synthesized in large quantities (several grams) providing for sufficient amounts of peptides for use in this invention.
Thus it can be seen that another aspect of this invention is a process for preparing a composition useful in a device of this invention as discussed hereinafter.
The process comprises identifying a gene determined to express a protein with high exclusivity in a tumor or microbial cell, cloning cell libraries, screening the libraries against immunoglobulin in patient sera, using the algorithm defined in the literature developed by Hans-George Rammensee to predict an epitope for the HLA type 1 S protein based on the gene sequence, matching the predicted antigen sequence to a patient tumor sample, isolating the matched antigen, and preparing a composition of the antigen for use in a delivery device as discussed hereinafter.
Examples of laxge, protein-based antigens include the following:
differentiation antigens such as MART-1/MelanA (MART-I), gp100 (Pmel 17), tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and tumor-specific multilineage antigens such as MADE-1, MAGE-3, BAGE, GAGE-1, GAGE-2, p15; overexpressed embryonic antigens such as CEA; overexpressed oncogenes and mutated tumor-suppressor genes such as p53, Ras, HER-2/neu; unique tumor antigens resulting from chromosomal translocations such as BCR-ABL, E2A-PRL, H4-RET, IGH-IGK, MYL-RAR; and viral antigens, such as the Epstein Barr virus antigens EBVA and the human papillomavirus (HPV) antigens E6 and E7. Other large, protein-based antigens include TSP-180, MAGE-4, MAGE-S, MAGE-6, RAGE, NY-ESO, p185erbB2, p180erbB-3, c-met, nm-23H1, PSA, TAG-72, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, CAM 17.1, NuMa, K-ras, 13-Catenin, CDK4, Mum-1, p15, p16. These protein-based antigens are known and available to those of skill in the art in the literature or commercially.
F;xamples of peptide antigens of 8-15 amino acids include those set forth in Table I, Table II, and Table III. Table I sets forth antigens that are virally derived.
The Table shows the virus type, the protein expressed by the virus, the amino acid (AA) position on the viral protein, the AA sequence of the T-cell epitope/MHC
ligand, the type of MHC molecule presenting the antigen, and a reference source. A
more complete list is provided in the book by Han-Georg Rammensee, Jutta Bachmann, and Stefan Stevanovic entitled "MHC Ligands and Peptide Motifs,"
Springer-Verlag, Germany, 1997 Landes Bioscience, Austin, Texas). The reference number given in Table I is the same number (and reference source) given in Table 5.3 of the above Rammensee book, all of which is incorporated herein by reference.
WO 99!02183 PCTNS98/14289 Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell elpitope/MHC molecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) Adenovirus 3 E3 9Kd 30-38 LIVIGILIL HLA-A*0201 104 (SEQ. ID NO.:1 ) Adenovirus 5 ElA 234-243 SGPSNTPPEI H2-Db 105 (SEQ. ID N0.:2) Adenovirus 5 E1B 192-200 VNIRNCCYI H2-Db 106 (SEQ. ID N0.:3) Adenovirus 5 ElA 234-243 SGPSNIPPEI H2-Db 106 ('hI) (SEQ. ID N0.:4) CSFV NS polyprotein2276-2284ENALLVALF SLA, haplotype107 d/d (SEQ. ID N0.:5 Dengue virus NS3 500-508 TPEGIIPTL HLA-B*3501 108, 109 (SEQ. ID N0.:6 EBV LMP-2 426-434 CL,GGLLTMV HLA-A*0201 110 (SEQ. ID N0.:7) EBV EBNA-1 480-484 NIAEGLRAL HL.A-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:8) EBV EBNA-1 519-527 NLRRGTALA HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:9) EBV EBNA-1 525-533 ALAIPQCItL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:10) EBV EBNA-1 575-582 VLKDAIKDL 11LA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:1 I ) EBV EBNA-1 562-570 FMVFLQTHI HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. iD N0.:12) EBV EBNA-2 15-23 HL1VDTDSL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:13) EBV EBNA-2 22-30 SLGNPSLSV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:14) EBV EBNA-2 126-134 PLASAMRML HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:15) EBV EBNA-2 132-140 luvILWMANYI HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID NO.:16) EBV EBNA-2 133-141 MLWMANYIV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:17) EBV EBNA-2 151-159 ILPQGPQTA HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:18) EBV EBNA-2 171-179 PLRPTAPTI HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:19) EBV EBNA-2 205-213 PLPPATLTV HLA-A*0201 i 1 I
(SEQ. ID N0.:20) EBV EBNA-2 246-254 ItMHLPVLHV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:21) EBV EBNA-2 287-295 PMPLPPSQL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:22) EBV EBNA-2 294-302 QLPPPAAPA HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:23) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitope/~C molecule Ref MHC
.
ligansl (Antigen) EBV EBNA-2 381-389 SMPELSPVL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:24) EBV EBNA-2 453-461 DLDESWDYI HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:25) EBV BZLF1 43-51 PLPCVLWPV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:26) EBV BZLF1 167-I75 SLEECDSEL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:27) EBV BZLF1 1?6-184 EIKRYKNRV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:28) EBV BZLF1 195-203 QLLQHYREV HLA-A*0201 Ill (SEQ. ID N0.:29) EBV BZLF1 196-204 LLQHYREVA HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:30) EBV BZLF1 2i7-225 LLKQMCPSL HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:31 ) EBV BZLF1 229-237 SIIPRTPDV HLA-A*0201 111 (SEQ. ID N0.:32) EBV EBNA-6 284-293 LLDFVRFMGV HLA-A*0201 112 (SEQ. ID N0.:33) EBV EBNA-3 464-472 SVRDRLARL HLA-A*0203 113 (SEQ. ID N0.:34) EBV EBNA-4 416-424 IVTDFSVIK HLA-A* I 101 114, 115 (SEQ. ID N0.:35) EBV EBNA-4 399-408 AVFDRKSDAK HLA-A*0201 116 (SEQ. ID N0.:36) (SEQ. ID N0.:37) (SEQ. ID N0.:38) (SEQ. ID N0.:39) (SEQ. ID N0.:40) (SEQ. ID N0.:41) (SEQ. ID N0.:42) (SEQ. ID N0.:43) (SEQ. ID N0.:44) (SEQ. ID N0.:45) {SEQ. ID N0.:46) (SEQ. ID N0.:47) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC moleculeRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) (SEQ. ID N0.:48) (SEQ. ID N0.:49) (SEQ. ID N0.:50) (SEQ. ID NO.:S1) (SEQ. ID N0.:52) (SEQ. ID NO.:S3) (SEQ. ID N0.:54) (SEQ. ID N0.:55) (SEQ. ID N0.:56) EBV LMP-2 236-244 RRRWRRLTV HLA-B*2704 119 (SEQ. ID N0.:57) EBV EBNA-6 258-266 RRIYDLIEL HLA-B*2705 119 (SEQ. ID N0.:58) EBV EBNA-3 458-466 YPLHEQHGM HLA-B*3501 120 (SEQ. ID N0.:59) EBV EBNA-3 458-466 YPLHEQHGM HLA-B*3503 113 (SEQ. ID N0.:59) (SEQ. ID N0.:60) HCV env E 44-51 ASRCWVAM HLA-B*3501 146 (SEQ. ID N0.:61) HCV core protein27-35 GQ1VGGVYL IILA-B*40012147 (SEQ. ID N0.:62) HCV NSI 77-85 RPLTDFDQGW I-ILA-B*5301145 (SEQ. ID N0.:63) HCV core protein18-27 LMGYIPLVGA H2-D 138 (SEQ. ID N0.:64) HCV core protein16-25 ADLMGYIPLV H2-Dd 148 (SEQ. 1D N0.:65) HCV NSS 409-424 MSYSWTGALVTPCAEEH2-Dd 149 (SEQ. ID N0.:66) HCV NS1 205-213 KHPDATYSR Papa-A06 150 (SEQ. ID N0.:67) HCV-1 NS3 400-409 KLVALGTNAV HLA-A*0201 141 (SEQ, ID N0.:68) HCV-1 NS3 440-448 GDFDSVIDC Patr-B16 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:69) HCV-1 env E 118-126 GNASRCWVA Patr-B16 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:70) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules 'Virus Protein AA positionT cel! epitope/MHC molecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HCV-1 NS1 159-167 TRPPLGNWF Patr-B13 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:71 ) HCV-1 NS3 351-359 VPHPNIEEV Patr-B13 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:72}
HCV-1 NS3 438-446 YTGDFDSVI Patr-BO1 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:73) HCV-1 NSI 328-335 SWAIKWEY Patr-All 151 (SEQ. ID N0.:74) HCV-1 NS1 205-213 KHPDATYSR Patr-A04 150 (SEQ. ID N0.:75) HCV-1 NS3 440-448 GDFDSVIDC Patr-A04 150 (SEQ. ID N0.:76) HIV gp41 583-591 RYLKDQQLI. HLA-A24 152 (SEQ. ID N0.:77) HIV gagp24 267-275 IVGLNKIVR HLA-A*3302 153, 154 (SEQ. ID N0.:78) HIV gagp24 262-270 EIYKRWIIL HLA-B8 155,156 (SEQ. ID NO.:79) HIV gagp24 261-269 GEIYKRWII HLA-B8 155, 156 (SEQ. ID NO.:80) HIV gagpl7 93-101 EIKDTKEAL HLA-B8 155, 157 (SEQ. ID NU.:81 ) HIV gp41 586-593 YLKDQQLL HLA-BS 158 (SEQ. ID N0.:82) HIV gagp24 267-277 ILGLNKIVRMY I-ILA-B* 1501153 (SEQ. ID N0.:83) HIV gp41 584-592 ERYLKDQQL HLA-B14 158 (SEQ. ID N0.:84) HIV nef 115-125 YHTQGYFPQWQ HLA-B17 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:85) HIV nef 117-128 TQGYFPQWQNYT HLA-B17 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:86) HIV gp120 314-322 GRAFVTIGK HLA-B*2705 160, 184 (SEQ. ID N0.:87) HIV gagp24 263-271 KRWIILGLN HLA-B*2702 161 (SEQ. ID N0.:88) HIV nef 72-82 QVPLRPMTYK HLA-B*3501 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:89) HIV nef 117-125 TQGYFPQWQ HLA-B*3701 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:90) HIV gagp24 143-151 HQAISPRTL HLA-Cw*0301 162 (SEQ. ID N0.:91) HIV gagp24 140-151 QMVHQAISPRTL HLA-Cw*0301 162 (SEQ. ID N0.:92) HIV gp120 431-440 MYAPPIGGQI H2-K 163 (SEQ. ID N0.:93) HIV gp160 318-327 RGPGRAFV'rI H2-D 164, 165 (SEQ. ID N0.:94) _. .~_....
Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT yell epitope/ MHC moleculeRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HIV gp120 17-29 MPGRAFVTI H2-L 166, 167 (SEQ. ID N0.:95) HIV-1 RT - 476-484 ILKEPVHGV HLA-A*0201 168, 169 (SEQ. ID N0.:96) HIV-1 nef 190-198 AFHHVAREL HLA-A*0201 170 (SEQ. ID N0.:97) _ HIV-1 gp160 120-128 KLTPLCVTL HLA-A*0201 171 (SEQ. ID N0.:98) HIV-1 gp160 814-823 SLLNATDIAV HLA-A*0201 171 (SEQ. ID N0.:99) HIV-1 RT 179-187 VIYQYMDDL I-ILA-A*0201172 (SEQ. ID NO.:100) HIV-1 gagpl7 77-85 SLYNTVATL HLA-A*0201 173 (SEQ. ID NO.:101) HIV-1 gp160 315-329 RGPGRAFVTI HLA-A*0201 174 (SEQ. ID N0.:102) HIV-i gp41 768-778 RLRDLLLIVTR HLA-A3 175, 178 (SEQ. ID N0.:103) HIV-1 nef 73-82 QVPLRPMTYK HLA-A3 176 (SEQ. ID N0.:104) HIV-1 gp120 36-45 TVYYGVPVWK HLA-A3 177 (SEQ. ID N0.:105) HIV-1 gagpl7 20-29 RLRPGGKKK HLA-A3 177 (SEQ. ID N0.:106) HIV-1 gp120 38-46 VYYGVPVWK HLA-A3 179 (SEQ. ID NO.:107) HIV-1 nef 74-82 VPLRPMTYK HLA-a* 1101 114 (SEQ. ID NO.:108) HIV-1 gagp24 325-333 AIFQSSMTK HLA-A*1101 114 (SEQ. ID N0.:109) HIV-1 nef 73-82 QVPLRPMT'YK HLA-A* 1101 180 (SEQ. ID N0.:104) HIV-1 nef 83-94 AAVDLSHFLKEK HLA-A*1101 159 (SEQ. ID NO.:110) HIV-1 gagp24 349-359 ACQGVGGPGGHK HLA-A*110t 181 (SEQ. ID NO.:111) HIV-1 gagp24 203-212 ETINEEAAEW I-lLA-A25 182 (SEQ. ID N0.:112) HIV-1 nef 128-137 TPGPGVRYPL HLA-B7 159 (SEQ. ID N0.:113) HIV-1 gagpl7 24-31 GGKKKYKL HLA-B8 183 (SEQ. ID N0.:114) HIV-1 gp120 2-10 RVKEKYQHL HLA-B8 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:115) HIV-1 gagp24 298-30b DRFYKTLRA HLA-B14 173 (SEQ. ID NO.:116) (SEQ. ID NO.:I
17) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC mole.CUleRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HIV-1 gagp24 265-24 KRWIILGLNK HLA-B*2705 184, 153 (SEQ. ID N0.:118) HIV-1 nef 190-198 AFHHVAREL HLA-B*5201 170 (SEQ. ID N0.:97) (SEQ. 1D N0.:119) EBV EBNA-6 130-139 EENLLDFVRF HLA-B*4403 122 (SEQ. ID N0.:120) (SEQ. ID N0.:121) (SEQ. ID N0.:122) . (SEQ. ID NO.:123) HBV sAg 348-357 GLSPTVWLSV HLA-A*0201 124 (SEQ. ID NO.:124) HBV SAg 335-343 WLSLLVPFV HLA-A*0201 124 (SEQ. ID N0.:125) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*0201 125, 126, (SEQ. ID NO.:126) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*0202 127 (SEQ. ID NO.:126) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*0205 127 (SEQ. ID N0.:126) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*0206 127 (SEQ. ID N0.:126) HBV pol 575-583 FLLSLGIHL HLA-A*020I 128 (SEQ. ID NO.:12?) HBV pol 816-824 SLYADSPSV HLA-A*0201 128 (SEQ. ID NO.:128) HBV pol 455-463 GLSRYVARL HLA-A*0201 128 (SEQ. ID NO.:129) HBV env 338-347 LLVPFVQWFV HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:130) HBV pol 642-650 ALMPLYACI HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:131 ) HBV env 378-387 LLPIFFCLWV HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:132) HBV pol 538-546 YMDDVVLGA HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID NO.:133) HBV env 250-258 LLLCLIFLL HLA-A*0201 130 (SEQ. ID NO.:134) HBV env 260-269 LLDYQGMLPV HLA-A*0201 130 (SEQ. ID N0.:135) HBV env 370-379 S1VSPFIPLL HLA-A*0201 130 (SEQ. ID N0.:136) HBV env 183-191 FLLTRILTI HLA-A*0201 130 (SEQ. ID N0.:137) . __..._._ .
Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitopel MHC moleculeRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HBV cAg 88-96 YVNVNMGLK HLA-A*1101 131 (SEQ. ID NO.:138) HBV cAg 141-151 STLPETTVVRR HLA-A*3101 132 (SEQ. ID N0.:139) HBV cAg 141-151 STLPETTVVRR HLA-A*6801 132 (SEQ. ID NO.:139) HBV cAg 18-27 FLPSDFFPSV HLA-A*6801 127 (SEQ. ID NO.:126) HBV sAg 28-39 IPQSLDSWWTSL H2-L 133 (SEQ. ID N0.:140) HBV cAg 93-100 MGLKFRQL H2-K" 134 (SEQ. ID N0.:141) HBV preS 141-149 STBXQSGXQ HLA-A*0201 135 (SEQ. ID NO.:142) HCMV gp B 618-628 FIAGNSAYEYV HLA-A*0201 124 (SEQ. ID N0.:143) (SEQ. ID NO.:144) HCMV pp65 397-411 DDVWTSGSDSDEELV HLA-b35 137 (SEQ. ID N0.:145) HCMV pp65 123-131 IPSINVHHY HLA-B*3501 136 (SEQ. ID N0.:146) HCMV pp65 495-504 NLVPMVATVO HLA-A*0201 137 {SEQ. ID NO.:147) HCMV pp65 415-429 RKTPRVTGGGAMAGA HLA-B7 137 (SEQ. ID N0.:148) HCV MP 17-25 DLMGYIPLV HLA-A*0201 138 (SEQ. ID NO.:149) HCV MP 63-72 LLALLSCLTV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:150) HCV MP 105-112 ILHTPGCV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:
I51 ) HCV env E 66-75 QLRRHIDLLV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:152) HCV env E 88-96 DLCGSVFLV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:153) HCV env E 172-180 SMVGNWAKV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:154) HCV NS1 308-316 HLHQNIVDV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:155) HCV NS1 340-348 FLLLADARV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:156) HCV NS2 234-246 GLRDLAVAVEPVV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:157) HCV NS1 18-28 SLLAPGAKQNV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID N0.:158) HCV NS1 19-28 LLAPGAKQNV HLA-A*0201 139 (SEQ. ID NO.:159) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules 'SJit~nsProtein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC molecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HCV NS4 192-201 LLFNILGGWV HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID NO.:160) HCV NS3 - 579-587 YLVAYQATV HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:161) HCV core protein34-43 YLLPRRGPRL HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID NO.:162) HCV MP 63-72 LLALLSCLTI HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID NO.:163) HCV NS4 174-182 SLMAFTAAV HLA-A*0201 140 (SEQ. ID NO.:164) HCV NS3 67-75 CINGVCWTV HLA-A*0201 140 (SEQ. ID NO.:165) HCV NS3 163-171 LLCPAGHAV HLA-A*0201 141 (SEQ. ID Iv'0.:166) HCV NSS 239-247 ILDSFDPLV HLA-A*0201 l41 (SEQ. ID N0.:167) HCV NS4A 236-244 ILAGYGAGV HLA-A*0201 142 (SEQ. ID N0.:168) HCV NS5 714-722 GLQDCTMLV HLA-A*0201 142 (SEQ. ID N0.:169) HCV NS3 281-290 TGAPVTYSTY HLA-A*0201 143 (SEQ. ID N0.:170) HCV NS4A 149-157 HMWNFISGI HLA-A*0201 144 (SEQ. ID N0.:171) HCV NS5 575-583 RVCEKMALY HLA-A*0201-A3145 (SEQ. ID N0.:172) HCV NS 1 238-246 TINYTIFK HLA-A* 1101 145 (SEQ. ID N0.:173) (SEQ. ID N0.:174) HCV core protein40-48 GPRLGVRAT HLA-B7 145 (SEQ. ID N0.:175) HIV-1 gp120 380-388 SFNCGGEFF HLA-Cw*0401 185 (SEQ. ID NO.:I76) HIV-1 RT 206-214 TEMEKEGKI H2-Kk 186 (SEQ. ID NO.:177) HIV-I p17 18-26 KIRLRPGGK HLA-A*0301 187 (SEQ. ID N0.:178) HIV-1 p17 20-29 RLRPGGKKKY HLA-A*0301 188 (SEQ. ID NO.:179) HIV-1 RT 325-333 AIFQSSMTK HLA-A*0301 188 (SEQ. ID NO.:180) HIV-1 p17 84-92 TLYCVHQRI HLA-All 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:181) HIV-1 RT 508-517 IYQEPFKNLK HLA-All 188 (SEQ. ID NO.:182) H1V-1 p17 28-36 KYKLKHIVW HLA-A24 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:183) ____~._ Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules T cell epitope/
ylrus Protein AA positionhqHC lliHC moleculeRef.
ligand (Antigen) HIV-1 gp120 53-62 LFCASDAKAY HLA-A24 189 (SEQ. ID NO.:I84) HIV-1 gagp24 145-155 QAISPRTLNAW HLA-A25 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:185) HIV-1 gagp24 167-175 EVIPMFSAL HLA-A26 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:186) (SEQ. ID N0.:187) HIV-I gp41 775-785 RLRDLLLIVTR HLA-A31 190 (SEQ. ID N0.:188) (SEQ. ID N0.:189) HIV-1 gp120 419-427 RIKQIINMW HLA-A32 187 (SEQ. ID N0.:190) HIV-1 RT 71-79 ITLWQRPLV HLA-A*6802 188 (SEQ. ID NO.:191 ) HIV-1 RT 85-93 DTVLEEMNL HLA-A*6802 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:192) HIV-1 RT 71-79 ITLWQRPLV HLA-A*7401 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:193) HIV-1 gag p24 148-156 SPRTLNAWV HLA-B7 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:194) HIV-I gagp24 179-187 ATPQDLNTM HLA-B7 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:195) HIV-I gp120 303-312 RPNNNTRKSI HLA-B7 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:196) HIV-1 gp41 843-851 IPRRIRQGL HLA-B7 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:197) HIV-1 p17 74-82 ELRSLYNTV HLA-B8 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:198) HIV-1 nef 13-20 WI'TVRERM HLA-B8 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:199) HIV-1 nef 90-97 FLKEKGGL HLA-B8 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:200) HIV-I gag p24 183-191 DLNTMLNTV HLA-B14 191 (SEQ. ID N0.:568) (SEQ. ID N0.:201) HIV-1 p17 19-27 IRLRPGGKK HLA-B27 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:202) HIV-1 gp41 791-799 GRRGWEALKY HLA-B27 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:203) HIV-1 nef 73-82 QVPLRPMTYK HLA-$27 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:204) (SEQ. ID N0.:205) HIV-1 nef 105-114 RRQDILDLWI HLA-B*2705 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:206) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protee3n AA positionT cell epitope/~C "~oiecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) HIV-1 nef 134-141 RYPLTFGW HLA-B*2705 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:207) HIV-I p17 36-44 WASRELERF HLA-B35 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:208) (SEQ. ID N0.:209) HIV-1 gp120 42-52 VPVWKEAT"TTL HLA-B35 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:210) (SEQ. ID N0.:221 ) HIV-1 gag p24 254-262 PPIPVGDIY HLA-B35 193 (SEQ. ID N0.:212) (SEQ. ID N0.:213) HIV-1 gp41 611-619 TAVPWNASW HLA-B35 194 (SEQ. ID N0.:214) HIV-I gag 245-253 NPVPVGNIY HLA-B35 193 (SEQ. ID N0.:215) HIV-1 nef 120-128 YFPDWQNYT HLA-B37 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:2i6) HIV-1 gag p24 193-201 GHQAAMQML HLA-B42 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:217) HIV-1 p17 20-29 RLRPGGKKKY HLA-B42 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:218) (SEQ. ID N0.:219) (SEQ. ID N0.:220) HIV-1 gag p24 325-333 NANPDCKTI HLA-B51 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:221) HIV-1 gag p24 275-282 RMYSPTSI HLA-B52 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:222) HIV-1 gp120 42-51 VPVWKEATTT HLA-B*5501 192 (SEQ. 1D N0.:223) HIV-1 gag p24 147-155 ISPRTLNAW HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:224) HIV-1 gag p24 240-249 TSTLQEQIGW HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:225) HIV-1 gag p24 162-172 KAFSPEVIPMF HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:226) HIV-1 gag p24 311-319 QASQEVKNW HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID NO_:227) HIV-1 gag p24 311-319 QASQDVKNW HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:228) HIV-1 nef 116-125 HTQGYFPDWQ HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:229) HIV-1 nef 120-128 YFPDWQNYT HLA-B57 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:230) _~_.__.
Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules T cell epitope/
Virus Protein AA positionMHC :MHC moleculeRel:
Ilgand (Antigen) HIV-1 gag p24 240-249 TSTLQEQIGW HLA-B58 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:231 ) HIV-1 p17 - 20-29 RLRPGGKKKY HLA-B62 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:232) HIV-I p24 268-277 LGLNKIVRMY HLA-B62 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:233) (SEQ. ID N0.:234) (SEQ. ID N0.:235) HIV-1 nef 117-127 TQGYFPDWQNY HLA-B62 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:236) HIV-1 nef 84-91 AVDLSHFL HLA-B62 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:237) HIV-1 gag p24 168-175 VIPMFSAL HLA-Cw*0102 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:238) HIV-1 gp120 376-384 FNCGGEFFY 11LA-A29 196 (SEQ. ID N0.:239) HIV-I gp 120 375-383 SFNCGGEFF HLA-B15 196 (SEQ. ID N0.:240) HIV-1 nef 136-145 PLTFGWCYKL HLA-A*0201 197 (SEQ. ID N0.:241 ) HIV-I nef 180-189 VLEWRFDSRL HLA-A*0201 197 (SEQ. ID N0.:242) HIV-1 nef 68-77 FPVTPQVPLR HLA-B7 I97 (SEQ. ID N0.:243) HIV-I nef 128-137 TPGPGVRYPL HLA-B7 197 (SEQ. ID N0.:244) HIV-1 gag p24 308-316 QASQEVKNW HLA-Cw*0401 521 (SEQ. ID N0.:245) (SEQ. ID N0.:246) (SEQ. ID N0.:247) HIV-IIIIBgp41 557-565 RAIEAQAHL HLA-B51 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:248) (SEQ. ID N0.:249) HIV-IIIIBp24 215-223 VHPVHAGPIA HLA-B*5501 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:250) HIV-lIIIBgp120 156-165 NCSFNISTSI HLA-Cw8 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:251 ) HIV-IIIIBgp120 241-249 CTNVSTVQC HLA-Cw8 181 (SEQ. ID N0.:252) HIV-lsFZgp120 312-320 IGPGRAFHT H2-D 198 (SEQ. ID N0.:253) HIV-lsFZpol 25-33 NPDIVIYQY HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:254) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Pr~tcin AA positionT cell epitope/MHC malecute Ref.
MI=IC
ligand (Antigen) HIV-IsFZpot 432-441 EPIVGAETFY HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:255) HIV-lsFZpol - 432-440 EPIVGAETF HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:256) HIV-IsFZpot 6-14 SPAIFQSSM HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:257) HIV-lsFZpot 59-68 VPLDKDFRKY HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:258) HIV-IsFZpot 6-14 IPLTEEAEL HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:259) HIV-IsFZnef 69-79 RPQVPLRPMTY HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:260) HIV-IsFZnef 66-74 FPVRPQVPL HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:261) HIV-lsFZenv 10-18 DPNPQEVVL HLA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:262) HIV-lsFZenv 7-15 RPIVSTQLL IILA-B*3501 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:263) HIV-lsFZpol 6-14 IPLTEEAEL HLA-B51 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:264) HIV-lsFZenv 10-18 DPNPQEVVL HLA-B51 199 (SEQ. ID N0.:265) HIV-lsFZgagp24 199-207 AMQMLKETI H2-Kd 198 (SEQ. ID N0.:266) HIV-2 gagp24 182-190 TPYDMQML HLA-B*5301 200 (SEQ. ID N0.:267) HIV-2 gag 260-269 RRWIQLGLQKV HLA-B*2703 188 (SEQ. ID N0.:268) HIV-lsFZgp41 593-607 GIWGCSGKLICTTAVI1LA-B17 201 (SEQ. ID N0.:269) HIV-lsFZgp41 753-767 ALIWEDLRSLCLFSYHLA-B22 201 (SEQ. ID N0.:2?0) HPV 6b E7 21-30 GLHCYEQLV HLA-A*0201 202 (SEQ. ID N0.:271) HPV 6b E7 47-55 PLKQHFQIV HLA-A*0201 202 (SEQ. ID N0.:272) HPV11 E7 4-12 RLVTLKDIV HLA-A*0201 202 (SEQ. ID N0.:273) HPV16 E7 86-94 TLGIVCPIC HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:274) HPV16 E7 85-93 GTLGIVCPI HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:275) HPV16 E7 12-20 MLDLQPETT HLA-A*0201 129 (SEQ. ID N0.:276) HPV16 E7 I1-20 YMLDLQPETT HLA-A*0201 203 (SEQ. ID N0.:277) (SEQ. ID N0.:278) _ . _.....___.... . __..... ..._.
Table I: Viral 1 molecules epitopes on MHC class T cett epitopel Visits ProteinAA position MHC ~C molecule Ref.
ligand (Antigen) HPV16e6 15-2249-57 RAHYNIVTF I-IW-D 205 (SEQ. ID N0.:279) HSV gp 498-505 SS1EFARL H2-K" 206 B
(SEQ. ID N0.:280) HSV-1 gp 480-488 GIGIGVLAA HLA-A*0201 104 C
(SEQ. ID N0.:281 ) HSV-1 ICP27448-456 DYATLGVGV H2-Kd 207 (SEQ. ID N0.:282) HSV-1 ICP27322-332 LYRTFAGNPRA H2-Kd 207 (SEQ. ID N0.:283) HSV-1 UL39822-829 QTFDFGRL H2-Kb 208 (SEQ. ID N0.:284) HSV-2 gp 446-454 GAGIGVAVL HLA-A*0201 104 C
(SEQ. 1D N0.:285) HTLV-1 TAX 1 t-19 LLFGYPVYV I-ILA-A*0201 209 (SEQ. ID N0.:286) Influenza MP 58-66 GtLGFVFTL HLA-A*0201 68, 169, 209, (SEQ. ID N0.:287) 210, 211 Influenza MP 59-68 ILGFVFTLTV HLA-A*0201 168, 212, (SEQ. ID N0.:288) Influenza NP 265-273 ILRGSVAHK HLA-A3 214 (SEQ. ID N0.:289) Influenza NP 91-99 KTGGPIYKR HLA-A*6801 215, 216 (SEQ.1D N0.:290) Influenza NP 380-388 ELRSRYWAI HLA-B8 217 (SEQ. ID N0.:291) Influenza NP 381-388 LRSRYWAI HLA-B*2702 218 (SEQ. ID N0.:292) Influenza NP 339-347 EDLRVLSFI HLA-B*3701 219 (SEQ. ID N0.:293) Influenza NS1 158-166 GEISPLPSL HLA-B44 220 (SEQ. ID N0.:294) Influenza NP 338-346 FEDLRVLSF HLA-B44 220 (SEQ. ID N0.:295) Influenza NSI 158-166 GEISPLPSL HLA-B*4402 220 (SEQ. ID N0.:294) Influenza NP 338-346 FEDLRVLSF HLA-B*4402 220 (SEQ. ID N0.:295) Influenza PB1 591-599 VSDGGPNLY HLA-A1 214, 29 (SEQ. ID N0.:296) Influenza NP 44-52 CTELKLSDY HLA-A1 29 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:297) Influenza NS1 122-130 AIMDKNIIL HLA-A*0201 221 (SEQ. ID N0.:298) InfluenzaANS1 123-132 IMDKNIILKA HLA-A*0201 221 (SEQ. ID N0.:299) Influenza NP 383-391 SRYWAIRTR HLA-B*2705 160, 184 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:300) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules T cell epitapei '~'iaus Pratein AA positionMHC MHC moleculeRe#:
ligand (Antigen) InfluenzaNP 147-155 TYQRTRALV H2-K 222, 223 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:301) influenzaHA 210-219 TYVSVSTSTL H2-K 224, 225 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:302) InfluenzaHA 518-526 IYSTVASSL H2-K 224 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:303) InfluenzaHA 259-266 FEANGNLI H2-Kk 226, 227, (SEQ. ID N0.:304) InfluenzaHA 10-18 IEGGWTGMI H2-Kk 226, 227, (SEQ. ID N0.:305) InfluenzaNP 50-57 SDYEGRLI H2-Kk 229, 230 A
(SEQ. ID N0.:306) InfluenzaNS1 152-160 EEGAIVGEI H2-Kk 231 a (SEQ. ID N0.:307) InfluenzaNP 366-374 ASNENMETM H2-D 168, 222, (SEQ. ID N0.:308) InfluenzaNP 366-374 ASNENMDAM H2-D" 232 (SEQ. ID N0.:309) InfluenzaNP 85-94 KLGEFYNQMM HLA-A*0201 233 B
(SEQ. 1D N0.:310) InfluenzaNP 85-94 KAGEFYNQMM IILA-A*0201 234 B
(SEQ. ID N0.:311 ) InfluenzaHA 204-212 LYQNVGTYV H2-K 235 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:312) InfluenzaHA 210-219 TYVSVGTSTL H2-K 225 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:313) InfluenzaHA 523-531 VYQILAIYA H2-K 235 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:314) InfluenzaHA 529-537 IYATVAGSL H2-K 235 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:315) InfluenzaHA 210-219 TYVSVGTSTI (L>I)H2-K 236 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:316) InfluenzaHA 255-262 FESTGNLI H2-Kk 237 JAP
(SEQ. ID N0.:317) JHMV cAg 318-326 APTAGAFFF H2-L 238 (SEQ. ID N0.:318) LCMV NP 118-126 RPQASGVYM H2-L 239, 240 (SEQ. ID N0.:319) LCMV NP 396-404 FQPQNGQFI H2-Db 241 (SEQ. ID N0.:320) LCMV GP 276-286 SGVENPGGYCL H2-Db 242 (SEQ. ID N0.:321) LCMV GP 33-42 KAVYNFATCG H2-D 243, 244 (SEQ. ID N0.:322) MCMV pp89 168-176 YPHFMPTNL H2-L 245 (SEQ. ID N0.:323) MHV spike 5I0-518 CLSWNGPHL H2-D 248 protein (SEQ. ID N0.:324) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Protein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC molecule Ref.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) MMTV env gp 474-482 SFAVATTAL H2-K 246 (SEQ. ID N0.:325) MMTV gag p27 425-433 SYETFISRL H2-K 246 (SEQ. ID N0.:326) MMTV env gp73 544-551 ANYDFICV H2-Kb 247 (SEQ. ID N0.:327) - MuLV env plSE 574-581 KSPWFTTL H2-K 249, 250 (SEQ. ID N0.:328) MuLV env gp70 189-I96 SSWDFITV H2-Kb 251, Sijts et al.
(SEQ. ID N0.:329) submitted MuLV gag 75K 75-83 CCLCLTVFL H2-Db 252 (SEQ. 1D N0.:330) MuLV env gp70 423-431 SPSYVYHQF H2-L 253 (SEQ. ID N0.:331) MV F protein437-447 SRRYPDAVYLH HLA-B*27 254 (SEQ. ID N0.:332) MV F protein438-446 RRYPDAVYL HLA-B*2705 255 (SEQ. ID N0.:333) (SEQ. ID N0.:334) (SEQ. ID N0.:335) (SEQ. ID N0.:336) Poliovirus VP1 111-118 TYKDTVQL H2-k 258 (SEQ. ID N0.:337) Poliovirus VPl 208-217 FYDGFSKVPL H2-K 258 (SEQ. ID N0.:338) Pseudorabies 6111 455-463 IAGIGILAI HLA-A*0201 l04 (SEQ. ID N0.:339) virus gp Rabiesvirus NS 197-205 VEAEIAHQI H2-Kk 227, 227 (SEQ. ID N0.:340) Rotavirus VP7 33-40 IIYRFLLI H2-Kb 259 (SEQ. ID N0.:341) Rotavirus VP6 376-384 VGPVFPPGM H2-Kb 260 (SEQ. ID N0.:342) Rotavirus VP3 585-593 YSGYIFRDL H2-Kb 260 (SEQ. ID N0.:343) (SEQ. ID N0.:344) SIV gagpllC 179-190 EGCTPYDINQML Mamu-A*O1 266 (SEQ. ID N0.:345) SV NP 324-332 FAPGNYPAL H2-Db 262 (SEQ. ID N0.:346) SV NP 324-332 FAPGNYPAL H2-Kb 263, 264, (SEQ. ID N0.:346) Table I: Viral epitopes on MHC class 1 molecules Virus Pratein AA positionT cell epitope/MHC moleculeRef.
MHC
ligand (Antigen) (SEQ. ID N0.:347) SV40 T - 206-215 SAINNYAQKL H2-Db 268, 269 (SEQ. ID N0.:348) SV40 T 223-231 CKGVNKEYL H2-Db 268, 269 (SEQ. ID N0.:349) SV40 T 489-497 QGINNLDNL H2-Db 268, 269 (SEQ. ID N0.:350) SV40 T 492-500 NNLDNLRDY(L) H2-D 270 (501) (SEQ. ID N0.:351) SV40 T 560-568 SEFLLEKRI H2-Kk 271 (SEQ. ID N0.:352) VSV NP 52-59 RGYVYQGL H2-Kb 272 (SEQ. ID N0.:353) .~
___ ___.._~~ .._ __ _._ .._.~_.~_.
Table II sets forth antigens identified from various protein sources. The Table is extracted from Table 4.2 in the Rammansee book with the references in Table II
being the same as the references in the Rammensee Table 4.2.
TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs ALA-A1 Position (Antigen) Source Ret.
T cell epitopes E A D P MAGE-1 161-169 27,28 T G H S Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:354) V S D G G P N L Y Influenza A PB1 591-599 21,23 (SEQ. ID N0.:355) C T E L K L S D Y Influenza A NP 44-52 23 (SEQ. ID N0.:356) E V D P I G H L Y MAGE-3 168-176 29,30 (SEQ. ID N0.:357) HLA-A201 M L L S V P L Calreticulin signal sequence34,35,36,37 (SEQ. ID N0.:358) (SEQ. ID N0.:359) Y M D G T M S Q V Tyrosinase 369-377 45 (SEQ. ID N0.:360) I L K E P V H G V HIV-1 RT 476-484 4,31,47 (SEQ. ID N0.:361) I L G F V F T L T V Influenza MP 59-68 4,39 (SEQ. ID N0.:362) LLFGYPVYVV HTLV-ltaxll-19 40 (SEQ. ID N0.:363) G L S P T V W L S V HBV sAg 348-357 48 (SEQ. ID N0.:364) W L S L L V P F V HBV sAg 335-343 49,50,51 (SEQ. ID N0.:365) FLPSDFFPSV HBVcAglB-27 52 (SEQ. iD N0.:366) C L G G L L T M V EBV LMP-2 426-434 4g (SEQ. ID N0.:367) FLAGNSAYEYV HCMVgp618-628B 53 (SEQ. ID N0.:368) TABLE' II
HLA Class I Motits K L G E F Y N Q M M Influenza BNP 85-94 54 (SEQ. ID N0.:369) (SEQ. ID N0.:370) (SEQ. ID N0.:371 ) RLVTLKDIV HPV11EZ4-12 34,35 (SEQ. ID N0.:372) M L L A V L Y C L Tyrosinase 1-9 57,58,59,68 (SEQ. ID N0.:373) A A G I G 1 L T V Melan A\Mart-127-35 60 (SEQ. ID N0.:374) Y L E P G P V T A Pmel 17/gp 100 480-48861 (SEQ. ID N0.:375) I L D G T A T L R L Pmel 17/ gp100 457-46662 (SEQ. ID N0.:376) L L D G T A T L R L Pmel gp 100 457-466 62 (SEQ. ID N0.:377) I T D Q V P F S V Pmel gp100 209-217 62 (SEQ. ID N0.:378) K T W G Q Y W Q V Pmel gp100 154-162 62 (SEQ. 1D N0.:379) T I T D Q V P F S V Pmel gp 100 208-217 62 (SEQ. ID N0.:380) A F H H V A R E L HIV-1 nef 190-198 63 (SEQ. ID N0.:381 ) Y L N K I Q N S L P. falciparum CSP 64 (SEQ. ID N0.:382) M M R K L A I L S V P. falciparum CSP 64 (SEQ. ID N0.:383) K A G E F Y N Q M M Influenza BNP 85-94 65 (SEQ. ID N0.:384) (SEQ. ID N0.:385) (SEQ. ID N0.:386) TAB~,E II
HLA Class I Motifs (SEQ. ID N0.:387) (SEQ. ID N0.:388) (SEQ. ID N0.:389) (SEQ. ID N0.:390) (SEQ. ID N0.:391) (SEQ. ID N0.:392) (SEQ. ID N0.:393) (SEQ. ID N0.:394) (SEQ. ID N0.:395) (SEQ. ID N0.:396) (SEQ. ID N0.:397) (SEQ. 1D N0.:397) (SEQ. ID N0.:399) (SEQ. ID N0.:400) (SEQ. ID N0.:401) (SEQ. ID N0.:402) (SEQ. ID N0.:403) (SEQ. ID N0.:404) TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs (SEQ. ID N0.:405) (SEQ. ID N0.:406) (SEQ. ID N0.:407) (SEQ. ID N0.:408) (SEQ. ID N0.:409) A I M D K N I I L Influenza A NS I 122-13067 (SEQ. ID N0.:410) I M D K N I I L K A Influenza A NS1 123-13267 (SEQ. ID N0.:411) (SEQ. ID N0.:412) (SEQ. ID N0.:413) QLRRHIDLLV HCVenvE66-75 69 (SEQ. ID N0.:414) DLCGSVFLV HCVenvE88-96 69 (SEQ. ID N0.:415) SMVGNWAKV HCVenvE172-180 69 (SEQ. ID N0.:416) (SEQ. ID N0.:417) (SEQ. ID N0.:418) (SEQ. ID N0.:419) (SEQ. ID N0.:420) (SEQ. ID N0.:421) F L L S L G I H L HBV pol 575-583 70 (SEQ. ID N0.:422) TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs SLYADSPSV liBVpol816-824 70 (SEQ. ID N0.:423) (SEQ. ID N0.:424) (SEQ. ID N0.:425) (SEQ. ID N0.:426) K L T P L C V T L HIV-1 gp160 120-128 72 (SEQ. ID N0.:427) (SEQ. ID N0.:428) V L Y R Y G S F S V Pmel gp100 476-485 62 (SEQ. ID N0.:429) Y I G E V L V S V Non-filament forming 73 class I myosin (SEQ. ID N0.:430) family (HA-2)**
(SEQ. ID N0.:431 ) LLVPFVQWFW HBVenv338-347 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:432) A L M P L Y A C 1 HBV pol 642-650 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:433) (SEQ. ID N0.:434) (SEQ. ID N0.:435) Y L L P R R G P R L HCV core protein 34-43 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:436) L L P 1 F F C L W V HBV env 378-387 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:437) Y M D D V V L G A HBV Pol 538-546 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:438) (SEQ. ID N0.:439) (SEQ. ID N0.:440) TABLE II
HLA Cfass I Motifs MLDLQPETT HPVi6E712-20 74 (SEQ. ID N0.:441) (SEQ. 1D N0.:442) (SEQ. ID N0.:443) V M N I L L Q Y V V Glutamic acid decarboxylase76 (SEQ. ID N0.:444) I L T V I L G V L Melan A/Mart- 32-40 77 (SEQ. ID N0.:445) (SEQ. ID N0.:446) (SEQ. ID N0.:447) (SEQ. ID N0.:448) LLLCLIFLL HBVenv250-258 79 (SEQ. ID N0.:449) LIDYQGMLPV HBVenv260-269 79 (SEQ. ID N0.:450) S I V S P F I P L L HBV env 370-379 79 (SEQ. ID N0.:451) FLLTRILTI HBVenv 183-191 80 (SEQ. ID N0.:452) H L G N V K Y L V P. faciparum TRAP 3-11 81 (SEQ. ID N0.:453) G I A G G L A L L P. faciparum TRAP 500-508 81 (SEQ. ID N0.:454) (SEQ. ID N0.:455) (SEQ. ID N0.:456) (SEQ. ID N0.:457) (SEQ. ID N0.:458) TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs V L P D V F I R C V N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase85 V
(SEQ. ID N0.:459) Gnt-V intron V L P D V F I R C N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase85 V
(SEQ. ID N0.:460) Gnt-V intron A V G I G I A V V Human CD9 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:461 ) L V V L G L L A V Human glutamyltransferase86 (SEQ. 1D N0.:462) A L G L G L L P V Human G protein coupled 86 receptor (SEQ. ID N0.:463) 164-172 G I G I G V L A A HSV-1 gp C 480-488 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:281 ) G A G I G V A V L IISV-2 gp C 446-454 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:464) I A G I G I L A I Pseudorabies gpGlN 455-46386 (SEQ. ID N0.:465) L I V I G I L I L Adenovirus 3 E3 9kD 30-3886 (SEQ. ID N0.:466) L A G I G L I A A S. Lincolnensis ImrA 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:467) V D G I G I L T I Yeast ysa-1 77-85 86 (SEQ. ID N0.:468) G A G I G V L T A B. polymyxa, (3-endoxylanase86 (SEQ. ID NO.:469} 157 A A G I G I I Q I E. coli methionine synthase86 (SEQ. ID N0.:470) Q A G I G I L L A E. coli hypothetical protein86 (SEQ. ID N0.:471) KARDPHSGHFV CDK4""~22-32 87 (SEQ. ID N0.:472) (SEQ. ID N0.:473) (SEQ. ID N0.:474) SLYNTVATL HIV-lgagp1777-85 88 (SEQ. ID N0.:475) TABLE II
HLA Class # Motifs E L V S E F S R V HER-2, m>V substituted 89 (SEQ. ID N0.:476) R G P G R A F V T I HIV-I ap160 315-329 90 (SEQ. ID N0.:477) (SEQ. ID N0.:478) N L V P M V A T V Q HCMV pp65 495-504 92 (SEQ. ID N0.:479) GLHCYEQLV HPV6bE721-30 93 (SEQ. ID N0.:480) PLKQHFQIV HPV6bE747-55 93 (SEQ. ID N0.:481) (SEQ. ID NO.:482) A I M E K N I M L Influenza Alaska NS 67 (SEQ. ID N0.:483) Y L K T I Q N S L P. falciparum cp36 CSP 96 (SEQ. ID N0.:484) Y L N K I Q N S L P. falciparum cp39 CSP 96 (SEQ. ID N0.:485) YMLDLQPETT HPV16E711-20*** 97 (SEQ. ID N0.:486) LLMGTLGIV HPV16E782-90*** 97 (SEQ. ID N0.:487) TLGIVCPI HPV16E786-93*** 97 (SEQ. ID N0.:488) T L T S C N T S V HIV-I gp120 197-205 98 (SEQ. ID N0.:489) (SEQ. ID N0.:490) (SEQ. ID N0.:491) (SEQ. ID N0.:492) V I L G V L L L I Melan A/Mart-1 35-43 68 (SEQ. ID N0.:493) _ .. .__ . T _..___ .._.___.__ _ WO 99/02183 PCTlUS98/14289 TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs A L M D K S L Melan A/Mart-1 56-64 68 H V
(SEQ. ID N0.:494) G I L T V I L Melan A/Mart-1 31-39 68 G V
(SEQ. ID N0.:495) T cell epitopesM I N A Y L D P. Falciparum STARP 81 (SEQ. ID N0.:496) A A G I G I L Melan A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
(SEQ. ID N0.:497) FLPSDFFPSV HBVcAgl8-27 51 (SEQ. ID N0.:498) Motif unknownS V R D R L A EBNA-3 464-472 101 R L
T cell epitope(SEQ. ID N0.:499) T cell epitopeA A G I G I L Melan A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
(SEQ. ID N0.:497) F A Y D G K D Human MHC I-a 140-148 99 Y I
(SEQ. ID N0.:500) T cell epitopesA A G I G I L Melan A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
(SEQ. ID N0.:497) FLPSDFFPSV HBVcAglB-27 51 (SEQ. ID N0.:498) A A G 1 G I L Meland A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
(SEQ. ID N0.:497) FLPSDFFPSV HBVcAgl8-27 51 (SEQ. ID N0.:498) Motif unknownA A G I G I L Melan A/Mart-1 27-35 100 T V
T cell epitope(SEQ. ID N0.:497) A L L A V G A Pme117 gp100 17-25 107 T K
(SEQ. ID N0.:501) T cell epitopesR L R D L L L HIV -1 gp41 768-778 108 I V T R
(SEQ. ID N0.:502) Q V P L R P M HIV-1 nef 73-82 109 T Y K
(SEQ. ID N0.:503) T V Y Y G V P HIV-1 gp120-36-45 110 V W K
(SEQ. ID N0.:504) RLRPGGKKK HIV-lgagp1720-29 110 (SEQ. ID N0.:505) TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs I L R G S V A H Influenza NP 265-273 21 K
(SEQ. ID N0.:506) K
(SEQ. ID N0.:507) R L R D L L L I HIV-1 gp41 770-780 112 V T R
(SEQ. ID N0.:502) (SEQ. ID N0.:508) (SEQ. ID N0.:509) Motif unknownK 1 F S E V T L Unknown; mutated (p Wolfel et al., K 183L) pers.
T cell (SEQ. ID N0.:510) melanoma peptide 175-183Comm.
epitope YVNVNMGLK* HBVcAg88-96 116 (SEQ. ID N0.:511) T cell I V T D F S V I EBNA-4 416-424 115, 117 epitopes K
(SEQ. ID N0.:512) (SEQ. ID N0.:513) V P 1. R P M T HIV-1 NEF 74-82 I 15 Y K
(SEQ. ID N0.:514) A I F Q S S M T HIV-I gag p24 325-333115 K
(SEQ. ID N0.:515) QVPLRPMTYK HIV-lnef73-82 118 (SEQ. ID N0.:516) (SEQ. ID N0.:517) AAVDLSHFLKEK HIV-Inef83-94 120 (SEQ. ID N0.:518) ACQ G V G G P G HIV-1 111B p24 349-359122 G H K
(SEQ. ID N0.:519) HLA-A24 S Y L D S G I H ~3-catenin, mutated 123 F* (proto-onocogen) (SEQ. ID N0.:520) 29-37 T cell R Y L K D Q Q L HIV GP 41 583-591 124 epitopes L
(SEQ. ID N0.:521) A Y G L D F Y I P15 melanoma Ag 10-18125 L
(SEQ. ID N0.:522) ...._ _.. ....... . .......
TABLE II
HLA Class I Motifs A F L P W H Tyrosinase 206-215 126 R L F L
(SEQ. ID N0.:523) A F 1. P W H Tyrosinase 206-214 126 R L F
(SEQ. ID N0.:524) R Y S I F F Ebna-3 246-253 101 D Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:525) T cell epitopeE T I N E E HIV-1 gag p24 203-212127 A A E W
(SEQ. ID N0.:526) T cell epitopesS T L P E T HBV cAg 141-151 i29 T V V R R
(SEQ. ID N0.:527) M S L Q R Q ORF 3P-gp75 294-321 130 F L R (bp) (SEQ. ID N0.:528) L L P G G R TRP (tyrosinase rel.)131 (SEQ. ID N0.:528) T cell epitopeI V G L N K H1V gag p24 267-267-275132, 133 I V K
(SEQ. ID N0.:530) AAGIGILTV MelanA/Mart-12735 100 (SEQ. ID N0.:531) Table III sets forth additional antigens useful in the invention that are available from the Ludwig Cancer Institute. The Table refers to patents in which the identified antigens can be found and as such are incorporated herein by reference. TRA
refers to the tumor-related antigen and the LUD No, refers to the Ludwig Institute number.
Table III
LUD Patent T~~ N~, No, Date PatentpePt~de (Antigen) HLA
IssueB
MAGE-4 5293 5,405,940I1 April EVDPASNTY HLA-A1 (SEQ. ID N0.:532) MAGE-415293 5,405,940I1 April EVDPTSNTY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:533) MAGE-5 5293 5,405,940I1 April EADPTSNTY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:534) MAGE-515293 5,405,94011 April EADPTSNTY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:534) MAGE-6 5294 5,405,94011 April EVDPIGHVY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:535) 5299.25,487,97430 January MLLAVLYCLL HLA-A2 (SEQ ID N0:536) 5360 5,530.09625 June MLLAVLYCL I-ILA-B44 (SEQ ID N0:537) Tyrosinase5360.15,519,11721 May 1996SEIWRDIDFA HLA-B44 (SEQ ID N0:538) SEIWRDIDF
(SEQ ID N0:539) Tyrosinase5431 5,774,31628 April XEIWRDIDF HLA-B44 (SEQ ID N0:540) MAGE-2 5340 5,554,724 10 September 1996 STLVEVTLGEV HLA-A2 (SEQ ID N0:541 ) LVEVTLGEV
(SEG ID N0:542) S~
LUD Patent TRA No. No. Date Patent peptide (Antigen) HLA
Issued VIFSKASEYL
(SEQ ID N0:543) IIVLAIIAI
(SEQ ID N0:544) (Continued) KI WEELSMLEV
(SEQ ID N0:545) LIETSYVKV
(SEQ ID N0:546) 5327 5,585,46117 December FLWGPRALV HLA-A2 (SEQ ID N0:547) TLVEVTLGEV
(SEQ ID N0:548) ALVETSYVKV
(SEQ ID N0:549) MAGE-3 5344 5,554,506i0 SeptemberKIWEELSVL HLA-A2 (SEQ ID N0:550) MAGE-3 5393 5,405,94011 April EVDPIGHLY HLA-A1 (SEQ iD N0:551 ) MAGE 5293 5,405,94011 April EXDXSY HLA-AI
(SEQ. ID N0.:552) (but not EADPTGHSY) (SEQ. ID N0.:553) E(A/V)DXSY
(SEQ. ID N0.:554) E(A/V)DPX,Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:555) E (A/V) D P (I/A/T) X3 Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:556) E (A/V) D P (I/An') (G/S) XZ Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:557) E {A/V) D P (I/A/T) (G/S) (HM) X Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:558) E (A/V) D P (I/A/T) (G/S) (H/N) {L/T/V) Y
(SEQ. ID N0.:559) MAGE-1 5361 5,558,99524 SeptemberELHSAYGEPRKLLTQD HLA-C
(SEQ ID N0:560) Clone Table III
LIJD Patent TRA No. No. Date peptide (Antigen) HLA
Patent Issued EHSAYGEPRKLL
(SEQ ID N0:561) SAYGEPRKL
(SEQ ID N0:562) MAGE-1 5253.4TBA TBA EADPTGHSY HLA-A1 (SEQ ID N0:563) BAGS 5310.1TBA TBA MAARAVFLALSAQLLQARLMKE HLA-C
(SEQ ID N0:564) Clone MAARAVFLAL.SAQLLQ HLA-C
(SEQ ID N0:565) Clone AARAVFLAL HLA-C
(SEQ ID N0:566) Cione GAGE 5323.25,648,22615 July YRPRPRRY HLA-CW6 (SEQ. ID N0.:567) ,_.__._.__... , Preferred peptide antigens are those of tumor associated antigens (TAA) and chronic infections. Particularly preferred peptide antigens are derived from tyrosinose, gp100 or Melan A for the treatment of melanoma.
The peptide antigens of this invention are readily prepared using standard peptide synthesis means known in the art. Generally they can be prepared commercially by one of numerous companies that do chemical synthesis. An example is American Peptides, Inc., where the distributor is CLINALFA AG
(Laufelfingen, Switzerland). The antigens are prepared in accordance with GMP
standards. Purity is assessed by analytical HPLC. The product is characterized by amino-acid analysis and tested for sterility and the absence of pyrogens.
In delivering an appropriate antigen, e.g., a polypeptide, to the animal's system it may be delivered directly as the polypeptide, or it may be delivered indirectly, e.g., using a DNA construct or vector, or a recombinant virus that codes for the desired antigen. Any vector driving expression in a professional antigen presenting cell is suitable for this purpose. In the indirect delivery, the antigen is expressed in the cell, to be presented by the MHC Class I on the surface of the cell to stimulate the CTL response.
Antigens may be used alone or may be delivered in combination with other antigens or with other compounds such as cytokines that are known to enhance immune stimulation of CTL responses, such as, GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-2, TNF, IFN, IL
18, IL,-3, IL-4, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-10, IL-14, IL-15, G-SCF, IFN alpha, IFN
beta, IFN gamma, TGF alpha, TGF beta, and the like. The cytokines are known in the art and are readily available in the literature or commercially. Many animal and human tumors have been shown to produce cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, TGF-!3 that are potent modulators of the immune response and that protect tumors from immune-mediated destruction. The production of IL-4, IL-10 or TGF-h by the tumors may achieve this protective effect by suppressing the induction of cellular immunity, including the elaboration of CTL responses. Alternatively, cytokines that support CTL responses can be exogenously added to help in the balance between induction of anti-tumor cell mediated and non-tumor-destructive humoral responses. Several such exogenous cytokines show utility in experimental mouse vaccination models which are known to enhance CTL responses, including GM-CSF, IFN and IL-2. An effective exogenous cytokine that may be used is GM-CSF. GM-CSF is reported to enhance the expression of the so called "co-stimulatory" molecules, such as B7-1 or B7-2 on antigen presenting cells (APC), which are important players in the symphony of interactions that occur during stimulation of CTL by APC. Moreover, GM-CSF
is known to induce activation of APC and to facilitate growth and differentiation of APC, thereby making these important CTL stimulating cells available both in greater numbers and potency.
Delivery of the Antigen This invention is based in part on the observation that a CTL response is not sustained using standard vaccine techniques. While not wanting to be bound by any particular theory, it is thought that T cells do not have a functional memory that is long-lived. Antibody-mediated B-cell memory, on the other hand, appears to have a long-lived effector memory. Thus, delivering an antigen that produces a CTL
response must be done over time to keep the patient's immune system appropriately stimulated to attack the target cells. While it has been suggested that antigens and adjuvants can be prepared as biodegradable microspheres or liposomes, none of these 1 S preparations have thus far provided a CTL response that is useful for attacking cancer cells or pathogens on a long term basis. The delivery must be sustained over the desired period of time at a level sufficient to maintain the antigen level to obtain the desired response and that it must be delivered from a reservoir having fluid antigen composition that is introduced so that it reaches the animal's lymphatic system.
Ultimately antigen must find its way into the lymphatic system in order to efficiently stimulate CTL. However, delivery of antigen according to the invention can involve infusion into various compartments of the body, including but not limited to subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal and intralymphatic, the latter being preferred. Each of these various points of infusion results in antigen uptake into the lymphatic system. The relative amounts of antigen needed to induce a beneficial CTL
response varies according to the different sites of infusion. In general, direct infusion of antigen into the lymph system is deemed to be the most efficient means of inducing a CTL response, but that the material difference between the various routes is not necessarily relevant in terms of the quantity of antigen needed, or, in terms of the operating parameters of the invention. The pump systems of the invention are capable of delivering material quantities of antigen in a range that makes the invention suitable for inducing CTL response through delivery to all compartments of the body.
CTL stimulation based on delivery of antigen via various routes will be variable, based on the properties of different antigens, which will reflect factors that influence antigen behavior in the body and its rate of equilibration to (or longevity in) the lymph, such an antigen stability in the body fluid, solubility of antigen in body fluid, binding affinity for HLA and potency as a stimulator of CTL.
It is most efficient, and therefore, preferred, that the introduction is done as directly as possible to the lymphatic system to avoid the destruction of the antigen by metabolism in the body. When introduction of a fluid antigen composition occurs subcutaneously, larger quantities of antigen are needed to assure enough antigen reaches the lymphatic system. Such subcutaneous injection is contemplated by this invention if it can be justified by factors such as cost, stability of the antigen, how quickly the antigen gets to the lymph system, how well it equilibrates with the lymph, and other factors that the attending doctor or specialist will recognize.
Subcutaneous delivery will generally require 100 to 1000 times more antigen than direct delivery to the lymph system. It is preferable, therefore, that the antigen composition is introduced through a device for local administration to the lymphatic system, e.g. the spleen, a lymph node, or a lymph vessel. The device for local administration may be positioned outside the patient or implanted into the patient. In either case, the device will have a reservoir to hold the fluid antigen-containing composition, a pump to transfer the composition, and a transmission channel leading from the reservoir to be directed to the preferred region of administration in the patient's body. In either case it is preferably portable.
For the device positioned outside the patient's body (the external device), there are numerous devices used for delivering insulin to diabetic patients that are useful in this invention. Generally these are comprised of a reservoir for holding the antigen composition (instead of insulin), a programmable pump to pump the composition out of the reservoir, a transmission channel or line for transmitting the composition, and a means to introduce the composition into the animal's body to ultimately reach the lymphatic system.
The pump employed may be a roller/peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, a piston/valve pump, a gas pressure pump, or the like that has a power source (generally a battery for portability) that is programmable to deliver the desired level of antigen composition to the patient's body and the lymphatic system. A further discussion of the operation of these pumps may be found "Insulin Pump Therapy" by E.
Austenst and T. Stahl, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York (1990), at Chapter 3. A list of pumps available at that time that are useful for this invention are given in Table IV.
More recent versions of these pumps are available from the manufacturers shown.
TABLE IV
Name Mufa~turec: cliistrid~utorWeightlg) Size (mr,~) Nordisk Infusor Nordisk 180 100 x 60 x Betatron I CP1/Lilly 197 99 x 66 x 20 RW 90 P/RW 91 P/ Dahedi/EA Satorius 110 109 x 42 x RW 92 Instruments 22 MRS 4-Infuser Disetronic 100 75 x 53 x 18 B-D 1000 Becton-Dickinson 131 78 x 57 x 20 Nordisk Infusor Nordisk 180 113 x 65 x MRS 3-Infuser Disetronic 100 75 x 53 x 18 A S8 MP Autosyringe/Travenol 161 102 x 64 x Betatron II CPI/Lilly 197 99 x 66 x 20 Minimed 504 Pacesetter/Haselmeyer 106 86 x 21 x 51 Minimed 404 S' Pacesetter 106 86 x 21 x 51 MRS 1 /H-Tron Disetronic/Hoechst 100 75 x 53 x 18 not yet commercially available Particularly useful pumps are the Disetronic H-Tron V 100 Insulin Pump from Disetronic Medical Systems, Burgdorf, Switzerland and the Minimed 507 Insulin Pump from MiniMed Inc., 12744 San Fernando Road, Sylmar, California 91342. The MiniMed is particularly useful in that it allows programming a bolus without looking at the pump through a series of audio tones (settable in either 0.5 or 1.0 unit increments) and allows programming a bolus for delivery over an extended period of time - from 30 minutes to 4 hours. It provides up to 12 basal rates (or profiles) that can be programmed per 24 hours from 0.0 -25 units/hour in 0.1 unit increments.
The device allows for the temporary increase or decrease of a set basal rate from minutes to 24 hours in 30 minute increments. Other features relating to safety, time display, memory, etc. are available from the manufacturer.
The reservoir for the antigen composition should be large enough for delivery of the desired amount of antigen over time and is easily refillable or replaceable . .... _._...._..._............T...... .._...~..w..~.~-~ ........
without requiring the user to reinsert the means for introducing the antigen composition to the lymph system.
In preparing the antigen compositions of this invention, a composition (preferably aqueous) is prepared to be compatible with the lymph system and is physiologically acceptable to the animal being treated. In preparing the antigen compositions useful in this invention one considers the physicochemical properties of the antigen such as the isoelectric point, molecular weight, glycosylation or other post-translational modification, and overall amino acid composition. These properties along with any known behavior of the drug in different solutions (e.g.
different buffers, cofactors, etc.) as well as its in vivo behavior will help guide the choice of formulation components. One parameter that impacts all the major degradation pathways is the solution pH. Thus, the initial formulations also assess the pH
dependence of the degradation reactions and the mechanism for degradation can often be determined from the pH dependence to determine the stability of the protein in I S each solution. Rapid screening methods usually involve the use of accelerated stability at elevated temperatures (e.g. 40° C) using techniques known in the art.
In general the antigen compositions useful in this invention will be prepared suitable for parenteral injection, in very small quantities. As such a composition must be free of contamination and have a pH compatible with the lymph system.
However, because very small quantities of the antigenic composition will be delivered it need not be the same pH as blood or lymph, and it need not be aqueous-based. For antigens that are less soluble a suitable cosolvent or surfactant may be used, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or PLURONIC brand surfactants. The pH range that is compatible is from about 6.7 - 7.3 and can be prepared using water for injection to meet USP specifications (see Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Edition; Chapters 86-88). Generally, a standard saline solution that is buffered with a physiologically acceptable weak acid and its base conjugate, e.g., a phosphate or citrate buffering system, will be the basis of the antigen composition. In some cases, a small amount of an antioxidant may be useful to stabilize the composition and prevent oxidation. Factors to consider in preparing the antigen compositions may be found in the 1994 American Chemical Society book entitled "Formulation and Delivery of Proteins and Peptides" (Acs Symposium Series, No. 567) by Jeffery L. Cleland and Robert Langer (Editor)).
Generally the amount of the antigen in the antigen composition will vary from patient to patient and from antigen to antigen, depending on such factors as the activity of the antigen in inducing a response and the flow rate of the lymph through the patient's system. In general the antigen composition may be delivered at a rate of from about 1 to about 500 microliters/hour or about 24 to about 12000 microliters/day. The concentration of the antigen is such that about 0.1 micrograms to about 10,000 micrograms of the antigen will be delivered during 24 hours. The flow rate is based on the knowledge that each minute approximately about 100 to about 1000 microliters of lymph fluid flows through an adult inguinal lymph node.
The objective is to maximize local concentration of vaccine formulation in the lymph system. A certain amount of empirical investigation on patients will be necessary to determine the most efficacious level of infusion for a given vaccine preparation in humans.
To introduce the antigen composition into the lymphatic system of the patient, the composition is preferably directed to a lymph vessel, lymph node, the spleen, or other appropriate portion of the lymph system. Preferably, the composition is directed to a lymph node such as an inguinal or axillary node by inserting a catheter or needle to the node and maintaining the catheter or needle throughout the delivery.
Suitable needles or catheters are available made of metal or plastic (e.g.
polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride [PVC], TEFLON, polyethylene, and the like). In inserting the catheter or needle into the inguinal node for example, the inguinal node is punctured under ultrasonographic control using a VialonTM Insyte-WTM cannula and catheter of 24Gsi4 (Becton Dickinson, USA) which is fixed using Tegaderm transparent dressing (TegadermTM 1624, 3M, St. Paul, MN 55144, USA). This procedure is generally done by an experienced radiologist. The location of the catheter tip inside the inguinal lymph node is confirmed by injection of a minimal volume of saline, which immediately and visibly increases the size of the lymph node. The latter procedure allows confirmation that the tip is inside the node and can be performed to ensure that the tip does not slip out of the lymph node can be repeated on various days after implantation of the catheter. In case the tip did in fact slip out of location inside the lymph node, a new catheter can be implanted.
In another embodiment, the antigen is delivered to the lymphatic system through an article of manufacture that is implanted in the animal, preferably at or near a site of a lymphatic organ. The article will include a pump that can deliver the antigen at a controlled rate over a pre-determined period of time and is suitable for use in the host. Several devices are known in the art for the delivery of agents (such as drugs) in humans or animals and these can be used or adapted for use in the present invention.
The implantable device will be similar to the external device discussed above in that it comprises a reservoir of a physiologically-acceptable, aqueous, antigen-containing composition that is capable of inducing a CTL response in an animal, a pump positioned in association with the reservoir to deliver the composition at a defined rate, a transmission channel to discharge the composition from the reservoir, and optionally a delivery line connected to the transmission channel, which delivery line is of a size suitable for positioning in the animal and for delivery of the composition in a manner that reaches the lymphatic system of the animal.
Preferably the pump in the implantable device is an osmotic pump of the type used in the ALZET~ model device or the DUROSTM model device pioneered by Alza Corporation, Palo Alto, CA or in a device made by Pharmetrix and exemplified in U.S. patent 4,838,862. The osmotic pump utilizes the osmotic effect using a membrane permeable to water but impermeable to a solute. Osmotic pressure built up in a device is used to deliver a composition at a controlled rate over time. A
review by Giancarlo Santus and Richard Baker of "Osmotic Drug Delivery: A Review of the Patent Literature" in the Journal of Controlled Release 35 (1995) 1-21, provides useful guidelines for the type of osmotic pumps that are useful in this invention. The osmotic pump forces the composition through a discharge orifice to discharge the composition. Optionally a delivery line connects to the discharge orifice to position the line suitably for delivery to the lymphatic system of the animal. Patents that describe devices useful in this invention include the following U.S. patents:
(A) 3,604,417 assigned to American Cyanamid; (B) 4,838,862; 4,898,582; 5,135,498;
5,169,390; and 5,257,987 all assigned to Pharmetrix, (C) 4,340,048; 4,474,575;
4,552,651; 4,619,652; 4,753,651; 3,732,865; 3,760,804; 3,760,805; 3,929,132;
3,995,632; 4,034,756; 4,350,271; 4,455,145; 5,017,381; 5,023,088; 5,030,216;
5,034,229; 5,037,420; 5,057,318; 5,059,423; 5,110,596; 5,110,597; 5,135,523;
5,137,727; 5,174,999; 5,209,746; 5,221,278; 5,223,265; 3,760,984; 3,987,790;
3,995,631; 4,203,440; 4,286,067; 4,300,558; 4,304,232; 4,340,054; 4,367,741;
4,450,198; 4,855,141; 4,865,598; 4,865,845; 4,872,873; 4,929,233; 4,963,141;
4,976,966, all assigned to Alza Corp. Each of the foregoing patents are incorporated herein by reference.
A basic osmotic pump device incorporates a housing containing a chamber for storing the antigen containing composition to be delivered, separated from a compartment containing an osmotic salt material by a barrier that is moveable under pressure such as a piston or a flexible impermeable membrane. The compartment containing the osmotic salt is separated from osmotic fluid by a semipermeable membrane. In some embodiments, a fluid barrier, such as a foil sheet, isolates the osmotic salt chamber from the osmotic fluid, keeping the pump inactivated until removal of the barrier immediately prior to use. Other osmotic pump devices use body fluid as the osmotic fluid. In these devices a semipermeable membrane separates the osmotic salt compartment from body fluids, and the pump is activated once inserted into the body under exposure to body fluids. In either case, volumetric expansion of the osmotic salt compartment drives the expulsion of the stored antigen from the compartment and into the surrounding environment of the body. These pumps have been highly successful at achieving steady-state pumping and delivery of agents. The pumps are of a small size that can be inserted into a patient, with flexible consideration as to location. This is important in the case of CTL vaccines, since the inventor has determined that efficient induction of CTL responses is contingent on the antigen or antigen expression system being delivered into the lymphatic system, in order to ultimately achieve antigen delivery into a lymphatic organ such as the spleen.
Antigen delivered into a lymph node is 100-1000 times more efficient at inducing CTL responses compared with conventional subcutaneous delivery. A modification to the osmotic pump incorporates a microcatheter attachment (i.e., the optional delivery line) at its discharge end, such that when the pump is implanted proximal to a lymphatic organ, such as a lymph node, the catheter can be inserted into the organ to facilitate delivery of the vaccine directly into the lymphatic system.
Prior to the administration of the antigen using any of the above vehicles, methods may be used to assist in the determination of the optimum location for the antigen delivery. For example, when using the osmotic pump, radiography may be used to image a patient's lymphatic flow, to determine where relatively high lymphatic drainage occurs, in order to decide upon an insertion position for the osmotic pump that maximizes delivery into the lymphatic system. Since each patient has unique lymphatic drainage profiles, imaging would be conducted for each ... T.. ...........~__~._._.._...._...
individual prior to insertion of osmotic pump for delivery of antigen. When using direct cannulation of the lymphatic vessel, such as in the use of osmotic or insulin pumps to deliver antigen, ultrasound can be used to position the needle directly into the lymphatic vessel and to monitor its positioning over the period of treatment.
The following non-limiting examples are illustrative of the present invention.
EXAMPLES
Materials and Methods For Examples 1-5 Mice: The generation of T cell receptor transgenic mice (TCR+ mice) in which approx. 90% of the CD8+ T cells express a TCR recognizing the immunodominant LCMV-glycoprotein epitope (gp-peptide aa33-41, p33:KAVYNFATC-SEQ ID
N0:569) presented on H-2Db, has been described in detail. All experimental mice were between 8 and I2 weeks of age and bred and held under strict pathogen free conditions at the Institut Fur Labortierkunde at the University of Zurich.
Viruses: LCMV (Armstrong strain) was originally obtained from Dr. M.B.A.
Oldstone, Scripps Clinics and Research Foundation, LaJolla, San Diego, CA.
Seed virus was grown on BHK cells and plagued on MC57 cells using an immunological focus assay, as described previously.
Osmotic pump: ALZA model # 1007b.
In vivo protection assays for specific CTL activity: The in vivo assay for the detection of CTL activity by challenge infections with LCMV has been described in detail previously (Oehen et al. 1991 ). Briefly, mice are intravenously challenged with 2X103 pfu of LCMV (Armstrong). After 4 days the titer of LCMV is determined using the above mentioned immunological focus assay.
Primary ex vivo cytotoxicity against LCMV-gp: Mice were injected intravenously with 10~g of p33. After 36 hours spleen single cell suspensions were coincubated for Sh with S~Cr-labeled syngeneic EL-4 (H-26) target cells, that were either pulsed with p33 or left unpulsed. Specific lysis was calculated as [(experimental SICr release - spontaneous SICr release) / (total SICr release spontaneous SICr release) X 100%].
LCMV induced foot pad swelling reaction: Mice were infected with LCMV (Armstrong) by intradermal injection into the hind footpad (5000 pfu in 30:1).
Footpad thickness was measured daily with a spring loaded caliper. Footpad swelling _ WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 is calculated as (measured thickness -thickness before injection) / (thickness before inj ection).
Exampte 1 Continuous release of peptide antigen using osmotic pump induces potent CTL
response in C57BLl6 Mice C57BL16 mice were either intravenously injected with a single dose of SOpg p33 (including 500 ng GM-CSF) (circles) or were implanted with a micro-osmotic pump releasing a mixture of SOpg of p33 and 500 ng GM-CSF over a time period of 7 days (triangles), or were left naive (data not shown). After 7 days mice were sacrificed to prepare single cell suspensions from the spleen. Spleen cells were restimulated in vitro for S days by p33 pulsed in the presence of low amounts of IL-2.
Specific cytotoxicity was measured using SICr-labeled EL-4 target cells pulsed with p33. Specific lysis of EL-4 target cells without p33 was less than 16% for all effectors. The results are shown in Figure 1.
Example 2 Continuous release of antigen induces CTL immunity against virus in C57BLl6 mice C57BL/6 mice were either intravenously injected with a single dose of SO~g p33 (including 500 ng GM-CSF. Pharmingen) or were implanted with a microsomotic pump releasing a mixture of SO~g of p33 and 500 ng GM-CSF over a time period of 7 days, or were left naive. After 7 days specific CTL activity was assessed in vivo using anti-viral protection assays. C57BL/6 mice were intravenously challenged with LCMV Armstrong strain (2x103 p.f.u.). After 4 days mice were sacrificed and LCMV
titers were determined in spleens using an immunological focus assay. Mice implanted with osmotic pump showed significantly lower virus titers indicating active CTL immunity against the virus (Table V).
_.T. _ _.__._.___...
TABLE V
C57BL/6 Mice Virus Titer ~loglo) Single injection 4.2 Single injection 4.6 Single injection 4.0 Pump delivered 2.2 Pump delivered 1.8 Pump delivered 2.0 Unprimed 4.8 Unprimed 3.8 Unprimed 4.4 Example 3 Continuoa~s release of antigen maintains potent CTL effectors in TCR
Transgenic Mice TCR transgenic mice were either intravenously injected with a single dose of SOp.g p33 (circles) or were implanted with a microsomotic pump releasing a mixture of SO~g of p33 (triangles), or left naive (squares). After 36 hours mice were sacrificed to prepare single cell suspensions from the spleen which were assayed ex vivo for p33-specific cytotoxicity using S~Cr-labeled EL-4 target cells pulsed with p33. Similarly mice were either intravenously injected with a single dose of SOp,g p33 (circles) or were implanted with a micro-osmotic pump releasing a mixture of SO~g of p33 over a time period of 7 days (triangles), or were left naive (squares).
After 7 days mice were sacrificed to prepare single cell suspensions from the spleen to assay ex vivo p33-specific cytotoxicity using S~Cr-labeled EL-4 target cells pulsed with p33.
Specific lysis of EL-4 target cells without p33 was less than 18% for all effectors. The results are shown in Figures 2A and 2B.
Continuous release of antigen maintains protective CTL response against virus infection.
After 7 days TCR transgenic mice were challenged by intradermal LCMV
injection into their hind foot pads (2x103 pfu in 30g.1). The absence of a foot pad swelling reaction, as observed in mice with an implanted pump (triangles), indicates that at the time point of injection there was active CTL immunity inhibiting local replication of the virus in the foot pad. In contrast, foot pad swelling, as observed in mice injected with the peptide as a single bolus (circles) and naive control mice (data not shown), indicated that LCMV successfully replicated in the foot pad in the absence of protective CTL. The results are shown in Figure 2C.
Example 4 Direct delivery of antigen into lymphatic organ dramatically increases efficiency of CTL induction TCR transgenic mice were injected with graded doses of gp-peptide p33 either subcutaneously (S.C.), intravenously (LV.) or directly into the spleen (LS.) via a small abdominal incision. The efficiency of CTL induction was assessed by measuring gp-specific CTL activity 24 hours after injection. CTL activity is known to peak one day after injection of peptide. Mice were sacrificed to prepare single cell suspensions from draining lymph nodes or from spleen to assay ex vivo p33-specific cytotoxicity using SICr-labeled EL-4 target cells pulsed with p33. Specific lysis of EL-4 target cells without p33 was less than 12% for all effectors. The results are shown in Figure 3.
Example 5 Dendritic Cells Purified from Mice Receiving Intrasplenic Injection of Peptide Potently Stimulate CTL
The effect of directing peptide delivery into lymphatic system was assessed.
Peptide p33 was injected either i.v., s.c. or directly into the spleen of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. After 2 hours, DCs were isolated from the spleen of animals injected either i.s. or i.v., and additionally from the regional draining lymph nodes of animals injected s.c. Cells isolated from these tissues were sorted for DCs using magnetic beads coupled with a monoclonal antibody recognizing the integrin-alpha chain, a marker specific for DCs in spleen and lymph nodes. The positively and the negatively sorted cell fractions were compared regarding their capacity to in vitro stimulate naive CD8+ T cells from TCR transgenic mice specific for LCMV-gp.
Only when peptide had been directly injected into the spleen, the DC
containing cell fraction stimulated CTL to proliferate, as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake.
This indicated that CTL induction after direct injection of peptide into lymphatic organs reflected efficient loading of DCs with peptide. In contrast, the fraction depleted for DC did not induce proliferation and DCs isolated from lymphoid organs of i.v.
and s.c injected mice were not effective stimulators. The results are shown in Figure 4.
While the present invention has been described with reference to what are presently considered to be the preferred examples, it is to be understood that the ____. ~..__~~..._ _ invention is not limited to the disclosed examples. To the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
All publications, patents and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of inducing and/or sustaining an immunological CTL response in a mammal, which method comprises delivering an antigen to the mammal at a level sufficient to induce an immunologic CTL response in the mammal and maintaining the level of the antigen in the mammal's lymphatic system over time sufficient to maintain the immunologic CTL response.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the CTL response is maintained by delivering the antigen directly to the animal's lymphatic system.
3. The method of Claim 2 wherein the CTL response is maintained by delivering the antigen directly to the spleen, a lymph node or lymph vessel.
4. A method of treating a mammal having a disease, or being predisposed to a disease, to which the mammal's immune system mounts a cell-mediated response to a disease-related antigen to attack the disease, which method comprises delivering a disease-matched antigen to the animal at a level sufficient to induce an increased CTL-response in the animal and maintaining the increased CTL-response in the animal by sustained, regular delivery of the disease-matched antigen to the animal for a time sufficient to treat the disease wherein the sustained, regular delivery of the antigen is done in a manner that maintains the level of antigen in the animal's lymphatic system.
5. The method of Claim 4 wherein the disease is cancer.
6. The method of Claim 5 wherein the cancer is malignant melanoma.
7. The method of Claim 4 wherein the disease is an infectious disease.
8. The method of Claim 7 wherein the infectious disease is a viral disease.
9. The method of Claim 4 wherein a single antigen is delivered to the animal.
10. The method of Claim 4 wherein multiple antigens are delivered to the animal.
r __..._.____ _....
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> Kuendig,.Thomas M.
Simard, John J. L.
<120> A Method of Inducing a CTL Response <130> CTLI-001/02W0 <140> Not yet assigned <141> 1998-07-10 <150> 08/988,320US
<151> 1997-12-10 <150> 2,209,815CA
<151> 1997-07-10 <160> 569 <170> PatentIn Ver. 2.0 <210> 1 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Adenovirus 3 <400> 1 Leu Ile Val Ile Gly Ile Leu Ile Leu <210>2 <211>10 <212>PRT
<213>Adenovirus <400> 2 Ser Gly Pro Ser Asn Thr Pro Pro Glu Ile <210>3 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Adenovirus <400> 3 Val Asn Ile Arg Asn Cys Cys Tyr Ile <210> 4 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Adenovirus 5 <400> 4 Ser Gly Pro Ser Asn Ile Pro Pro Glu Ile <210> 5 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> CSFV
<400> 5 Glu Asn Ala Leu Leu Val Ala Leu Phe <210>5 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Dengue virus <400> 5 Thr Pro Glu Gly Ile Ile Pro Thr Leu <210> 7 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 7 Cys Leu Gly Gly Leu Leu Thr Met Val <210> 8 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 8 Asn Ile Ala Glu Gly Leu Arg Ala Leu <210> 9 <211> 3 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 9 Asn Leu Arg Arg Gly Thr Ala Leu Ala <210> 10 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 10 Ala Leu Ala Ile Pro Gln Cys Arg Leu <210> 11 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 11 Val Leu Lys Asp Ala Ile Lys Asp Leu <210> 12 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 12 Phe Met Val Phe Leu Gln Thr His Ile <210> 13 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 13 His Leu Ile Val Asp Thr Asp Ser Leu <210> 14 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 14 Ser Leu Gly Asn Pro Ser Leu Ser Val <210> 15 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 15 Pro Leu Ala Ser Ala Met Arg Met Leu <210> 16 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 16 Arg Met Leu Trp Met Ala Asn Tyr Ile <210> 17 <211> S
<212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 17 Met Leu Trp Met Ala Asn Tyr Ile Val <210> 18 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 18 Ile Leu Pro Gln Gly Pro Gln Thr Ala <210> 19 <211>
<212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 19 Pro Leu Arg Pro Thr Ala Pro Thr Ile <210> 20 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 20 Pro Leu Pro Pro Ala Thr Leu Thr Val <210> 21 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 21 Arg Met His Leu Pro Val Leu His Val <210> 22 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 22 Pro Met Pro Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Leu <210> 23 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 23 Gln Leu Pro Pro Pro Ala Ala Pro Ala <210> 24 <211> y <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 24 Ser Met Pro Glu Leu Ser Pro Val Leu <210> 25 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 25 Asp Leu Asp Glu Ser Trp Asp Tyr Ile <210> 26 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 26 Pro Leu Pro Cys Val Leu Trp Pro Val <210> 27 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 27 Ser Leu Glu Glu Cys Asp Ser Glu Leu <210> 2B
<211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 28 Glu Ile Lys Arg Tyr Lys Asn Arg Val <210> 29 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 29 Gln Leu Leu Gln His Tyr Arg Glu Val <210> 30 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HCV-1 <400> 30 Leu Leu Gln His Tyr Arg Glu Val Ala <210> 31 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 31 Leu Leu Lys Gln Met Cys Pro Ser Leu <210> 32 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 32 Ser Ile Ile Pro Arg Thr Pro Asp Val <210> 33 <211> 7.0 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 33 Leu Leu Asp Phe Val Arg Phe Met Gly Val <210> 34 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 34 Ser Val. Arg Asp Arg Leu Ala Arg Leu <210> 35 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 35 Ile Val Thr Asp Phe Ser Val Ile Lys <210> 36 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 36 Ala Val Phe Asp Arg Lys Ser Asp Ala Lys <210> 37 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 37 Arg Tyr Ser Ile Phe Phe Asp Tyr <210> 38 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 38 Gln Pro Arg Ala Pro I1e Arg Pro Ile <210> 39 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 39 Arg Pro Pro Ile Phe Ile Arg Arg Leu <210> 40 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 40 Glu Pro Asp Val Pro Pro Gly Ala Ile <2i0> 41 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 41 Ile Pro Gln Cys Arg Leu Thr Pro Leu <210> 42 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 42 Gly Pro Gly Pro Gln Pro Gly Pro Leu <210> 43 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 43 Gln Pro Gly Pro Leu Glu Arg Ser Ile <210> 44 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 44 Arg Pro Gln Lys Arg Pro Ser Cys Ile <210> 45 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 45 Pro Pro Thr Pro Leu Leu Thr Val Leu <210> 46 <211> y <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 46 Thr Pra Ser Pro Pro Arg Met His Leu <210> 47 <211> .9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 47 Pro Pro Arg Met His Leu Pro Val Leu <210> 48 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 48 Val Pro Asp Gln Ser Met His Pro Leu <210> 49 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 49 Pro Pro Ser Ile Asp Pro Ala Asp Leu <210> 50 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 50 Leu Pro Cys Val Leu Trp Pro Val Leu <210> 51 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 51 Cys Pro Ser Leu Asp Val Asp Ser Ile Ile <210> 52 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 52 Thr Pro Asp Val Leu His Glu Asp Leu <210> 53 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 53 Phe Leu Arg Gly Arg Ala Tyr Gly Leu <210> 54 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 54 Gln Ala Lys Trp Arg Leu Gln Thr Leu <210> 55 <211>
<212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 55 Ala Tyr Pro Leu His Glu Gln His Gly <210> 56 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 56 Tyr Ile Lys Ser Phe Val Ser Asp Ala <210> 57 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HBV
<400> 57 Arg Arg Arg Trp Arg Arg Leu Thr Val <210> 58 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 58 Arg Arg Ile Tyr Asp Leu Ile Glu Leu <210> 59 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 59 Tyr Pro Leu His Glu Gln His Gly Met <210> 60 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 60 His Ser Lys Lys Lys Cys Asp Glu Leu <210> 61 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 61 Ala Ser Arg Cys Trp Val Ala Met <210> 62 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> LIepatitis C virus <400> 62 Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu <210> 63 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 63 Arg Pro Leu Thr Asp Phe Asp Gln Gly Trp <210> 64 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Tiepatitis C virus <400> 64 Leu Met Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Val Gly Ala <210> 65 <211> :LO
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 65 Ala Asp Leu Met Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Val <210> 66 <211> 16 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 66 Met Ser Tyr Ser Trp Thr Gly Ala Leu Val Thr Pro Cys Ala Glu Glu <210> 67 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 67 Lys His Pro Asp Ala Thr Tyr Ser Arg <210> 68 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 68 Lys Leu Val Ala Leu Gly Ile Asn Ala Val <210> 69 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 69 Gly Asp Phe Asp Ser Val Ile Asp Cys <210> 70 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 70 Gly Asn Ala Ser Arg Cys Trp Val Ala <210> 71 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 71 Thr Arg Pro Pro Leu Gly Asn Trp Phe <210> 72 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 72 Val Pro His Pro Asn Ile Glu Glu Val <210> 73 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 73 Tyr Thr Gly Asp Phe Asp Ser Val Ile <210> 74 <211> B
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 74 Ser Trp Ala Ile Lys Trp Glu Tyr <210> 75 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 75 Lys His Pro Asp Ala Thr Tyr Ser Arg <210> 76 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 76 Gly Asp Phe Asp Ser Val Ile Asp Cys <210> '77 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> '77 Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu <210> 78 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 78 Ile Val Gly Leu Asn Lys Ile Val Arg <210> 79 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 79 Glu Ile Tyr Lys Arg Trp Ile Ile Leu <210> BO
<211> y <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 80 Gly Glu Ile Tyr Lys Arg Trp Ile Ile <210> 81 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 81 Glu Ile Lys Asp Thr Lys Glu Ala Leu <210> 82 <211> 8 <2I2> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 82 Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu <210> 83 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 83 Ile Leu Gly Leu Asn Lys Ile Val Arg Met Tyr <210> 84 <211> S
<212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 84 Glu Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu <210> 85 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 85 Tyr His Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Gln Trp Gln <210> 86 <2I1> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 86 Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Gln Trp Gln Asn Tyr Thr <210> 87 <211> y <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 87 Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile Gly Lys <210> 88 <211> y <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 88 Lys Arg Trp Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Asn <210> 89 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 89 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 90 <211> :9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> ~0 Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Gln Trp Gln <210> 91 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 91 His Gln Ala Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu <210> 92 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 92 Gln Met Val His Gln Ala Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu <210> 93 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 93 Met Tyr Ala Pro Pro Ile Gly Gly Gln Ile <210> 94 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 94 Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile <210> 95 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 95 Met Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile <210> 96 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 96 Ile Leu Lys Glu Pro Val His Gly Val <210> 97 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 97 Ala Phe His His Val Ala Arg Glu Leu <210> 98 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 98 Lys Leu Thr Pro Leu Cys Val Thr Leu <210> 99 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 99 Ser Leu Leu Asn Ala Thr Asp Ile Ala Val <210> 100 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 100 Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr Met Asp Asp Leu <210> 101 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 101 Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Val Ala Thr Leu <210> 102 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 102 Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile <210> :103 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Fiuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 103 Arg Leu Arg Asp Leu Leu Leu Ile Val Thr Arg <210> 104 <211> :10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 104 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 105 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 105 Thr Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Pro Val Trp Lys <210> 106 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 106 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys <210> 107 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 107 Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Pro Val Trp Lys <210> 108 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 1.08 Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 109 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 109 Ala Ile Phe Gln Ser Ser Met Thr Lys <210> 110 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> zlo Ala Ala Val Asp Leu Ser His Phe Leu Lys Glu Lys <210> 111 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> :111 Ala Cys Gln Gly Val Gly Gly Pro Gly Gly His Lys <210> :112 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> :112 Glu Thr Ile Asn Glu Glu Ala Ala Glu Trp <210> 113 <211> 0 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 113 Thr Pro Gly Pro Gly Val Arg Tyr Pro Leu <210> 114 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 114 Gly Gl.y Lys Lys Lys Tyr Lys Leu <210> 115 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 115 Arg Val Lys Glu Lys Tyr Gln His Leu <210> 116 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 116 Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Thr Leu Arg Ala <210> 117 <211> 16 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 117 Gly Val Arg Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Trp Cys Tyr Lys Leu Val Pro <210> 118 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 118 Lys Arg Trp Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Asn Lys <210> 119 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 119 Lys Glu His Val Ile Gln Asn Ala Phe <210> 120 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 120 Glu Glu Asn Leu Leu Asp Phe Val Arg Phe <210> 121 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 121 Asp Thr Pro Leu Ile Pro Leu Thr Ile Phe <210> 122 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 122 Gln Asn Gly Ala Leu Ala Ile Asn Thr Phe <210> 123 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 123 Arg Leu Arg Ala Glu Ala Gly Val Lys <210> 124 <211> :10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> :124 Gly Leu Ser Pro Thr Val Trp Leu Ser Val <210> 125 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 125 Trp Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Pro Phe Val <210> 126 <211> :LO
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 126 Phe Leu Pro Ser Asp Phe Phe Pro Ser Val <210> 127 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 127 Phe Leu Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile His Leu <210> 128 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 128 Ser Leu Tyr Ala Asp Ser Pro Ser Val <210> 129 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 129 Gly Leu Ser Arg Tyr Val Ala Arg Leu <210> 130 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 130 Leu Leu Val Pro Phe Val Gln Trp Phe Val <210> 131 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 131 Ala Leu Met Pro Leu Tyr Ala Cys Ile <210> 132 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 132 Leu Leu Pro Ile Phe Phe Cys Leu Trp Val <210> 133 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 133 Tyr Met Asp Asp Val Val Leu Gly Ala <210> 134 <211> .9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis 8 virus <400> :134 Leu Leu Leu Cys Leu Ile Phe Leu Leu <210> 135 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 135 Leu Leu Asp Tyr Gln Gly Met Leu Pro Val <210> 136 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 136 Ser Ile Val Ser Pro Phe Ile Pro Leu Leu <210> 137 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 137 Phe Leu Leu Thr Arg Ile Leu Thr Ile <210> 138 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 13B
Tyr Val Asn Val Asn Met Gly Leu Lys <210> 139 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 139 Ser Thr Leu Pro Glu Thr Thr Val Val Arg Arg <210> 140 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 140 Ile Pro Gln Ser Leu Asp Ser Trp Trp Thr Ser Leu <210> 141 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 141 Met Gly Leu Lys Phe Arg Gln Leu <210> 142 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 142 Ser Thr Asx Xaa Gln Ser Gly Xaa Gln <210> 143 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 143 Phe Ile Ala Gly Asn Ser Ala Tyr Glu Tyr Val <210> 144 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 144 Ser Asp Glu Glu Glu Ala Ile Val Ala Tyr Thr Leu <210> 145 <211> 15 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegaiovirus <400> 145 Asp Asp Val Trp Thr Ser Gly Ser Asp Ser Asp Glu Glu Leu Val <210> 146 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 146 Ile Pro Ser Ile Asn Val His His Tyr <210> 147 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 147 Asn Leu Val Pro Met Val Ala Thr Val Gln <210>148 <211>15 <212>PRT
<213>Human cytomegalovirus <400> 148 Arg Lys Thr Pro Arg Val Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Met Ala Gly Ala <210> 149 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 149 Asp Leu Met Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Val <210> 150 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 150 Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Val <210> 151 <211> B
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 151 Ile Leu His Thr Pro Gly Cys Val <210> 152 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 152 Gln Leu Arg Arg His Ile Asp Leu Leu Val <210> 153 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 153 Asp Leu Cys Gly Ser Val Phe Leu Val <210> 154 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 154 Ser Met Val Gly Asn Trp Ala Lys Val <210> 155 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 155 His Leu His Gln Asn Ile Val Asp Val <210> 156 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 156 Phe Leu Leu Leu Ala Asp Ala Arg Val <210> 157 <211> 1.3 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 157 Gly Leu Arg Asp Leu Ala Val Ala Val Glu Pro Val Val <210> 158 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 158 Ser Leu Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Val <210> 159 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 159 Leu Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Val <210> 160 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 160 Leu Leu Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly Gly Trp Val <210> 161 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 161 Tyr Leu Val Ala Tyr Gln Ala Thr Val <210> 162 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 162 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu <210> 163 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 163 Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Ile <210> 164 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 164 Ser Leu Met Ala Phe Thr Ala Ala Val <210> 165 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 165 Cys Ile Asn Gly Val Cys Trp Thr Val <210> 166 <211> S
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 166 Leu Leu Cys Pro Ala Gly His Ala Val <210> 167 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 167 Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu Val <210> 168 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 168 Ile Leu Ala Gly Tyr Gly Ala Gly Val <210> 169 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 169 Gly Leu Gln Asp Cys Thr Met Leu Val <210> 170 <211> lb <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 170 Thr Gly Ala Pro Val Thr Tyr Ser Thr Tyr <210> 171 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 171 His Met Trp Asn Phe Ile Ser Gly Ile <210> 172 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 172 Arg Val Cys Glu Lys Met Ala Leu Tyr <210> 173 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 173 Thr Ile Asn Tyr Thr Ile Phe Lys <210> 174 <211> 8 <212> FRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 174 Tyr Ile Ser Trp Cys Leu Trp Trp <210> 175 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 175 Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr <210> 1.76 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 176 Ser Phe Asn Cys Gly Gly Glu Phe Phe <210> 177 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> a77 Thr Glu Met Glu Lys Glu Gly Lys Ile <210> 7.78 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 178 Lys Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys <210> 179 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 1.79 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys Tyr <210> 180 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 180 Ala Ile Phe Gln Ser Ser Met Thr Lys <210> 181 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 181 Thr Leu Tyr Cys Val His Gln Arg Ile <210> I82 <211> IO
<212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 182 Ile Tyr Gln Glu Pro Phe Lys Asn Leu Lys <210> 183 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 183 Lys Tyr Lys Leu Lys His Ile Val Trp <210> 184 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 184 Leu Phe Cys Ala Ser Asp Ala Lys Ala Tyr <210> 185 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 185 Gln Ala Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp <210> 186 <211> 9 <212> PRT _ <213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 186 Glu Val Ile Pro Met Phe Ser Ala Leu <210> 187 <211> .11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> :187 Glu Thr Phe Tyr Val Asp Gly Ala Ala Asn Arg <210> 188 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 188 Arg Leu Arg Asp Leu Leu Leu Ile Val Thr Arg <210> 189 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 189 Pro Ile Gln Lys Glu Thr Trp Glu Thr Trp <210> 190 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 190 Arg Ile Lys Gln Ile Ile Asn Met Trp <210> 191 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 191 Ile Thr Leu Trp Gln Arg Pro Leu Val <210> 192 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 192 Asp Thr Val Leu Glu Glu Met Asn Leu <210> 193 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 193 Ile Thr Leu Trp Gln Arg Pro Leu Val <210> 194 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 194 Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp Val <210> 195 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 195 Ala Thr Pro Gln Asp Leu Asn Thr Met <210> 196 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 196 Arg Pra Asn Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile <210> 197 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 197 Ile Pra Arg Arg Ile Arg Gln Gly Leu <210> 198 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 198 Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Val <210> 199 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 199 Trp Pra Thr Val Arg Glu Arg Met <210> 200 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 200 Phe Leu Lys Glu Lys Gly Gly Leu <210> 201 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 201 Lys Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys <210> 202 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 202 Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys <210> 203 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 203 Gly Arg Arg Gly Trp Glu Ala Leu Lys Tyr <210> 204 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 204 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 205 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 205 Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu <210> 206 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 206 Arg Arg Gln Asp Ile Leu Asp Leu Trp Ile <210> 207 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 207 Arg Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Trp <210> 208 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 208 Trp Ala Ser Arg Glu Leu Glu Arg Phe <210> 209 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 209 Thr Val Leu Asp Val Gly Asp Ala Tyr <210> 210 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 210 Val Pro Val Trp Lys Glu Ala Thr Thr Thr Leu <210> 211 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 211 Asn Ser Ser Lys Val Ser Gln Asn Tyr <210> 212 <211>
<212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 212 Pro Pro Ile Pro Val Gly Asp Ile Tyr <210> 213 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 213 His Pro Asp Ile Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr <210> 214 <211> S
<212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 214 Thr Ala Val Pro Trp Asn Ala Ser Trp <210> 215 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 215 Asn Pro Val Pro Val Gly Asn Ile Tyr <210> 216 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 216 Tyr Phe Pro Asp Trp Gln Asn Tyr Thr <210> 217 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 217 Gly His Gln Ala Ala Met Gln Met Leu <210> 218 <211> :10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 218 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys Tyr <210> 219 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 219 Tyr Pro Gly Ile Lys Val Arg Gln Leu <210> 220 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 220 Gly Ala Glu Thr Phe Tyr Val Asp Gly Ala <210> 221 <211> .9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 221 Asn Ala Asn Pro Asp Cys Lys Thr Ile <210> 222 <211> $
<2I2> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 222 Arg Met Tyr Ser Pro Thr Ser Ile <210> 223 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 223 Val Pro val Trp Lys Glu Ala Thr Thr Thr <210> 224 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 224 Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp <210> 225 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 225 Thr Ser Thr Leu Gln Glu Gln Ile Gly Trp <210> 226 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 226 Lys Ala Phe Ser Pro Glu Val Ile Pro Met Phe <210> 227 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 227 Gln Ala Ser Gln Glu Val Lys Asn Trp <210> 228 <211> 9 - <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 228 Gln Ala Ser Gln Asp Val Lys Asn Trp <210> 229 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 229 His Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Asp Trp Gln <210> 230 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 230 Tyr Phe Pro Asp Trp Gln Asn Tyr Thr <210> 231 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 231 Thr Sex Thr Leu Gln Glu Gln Ile Gly Trp <210> 232 <211> 30 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 232 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys Tyr <210> 233 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 233 Leu Gly Leu Asn Lys Ile Val Arg Met Tyr <210> 234 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> '~34 Leu Val Gly Lys Leu Asn Trp Ala Ser Gln Ile Tyr <210> 235 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 235 Ile Leu Lys Glu Pro Val His Gly Val Tyr <210> 236 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 236 Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Asp Trp Gln Asn Tyr <210> 237 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 237 Ala Va:L Asp Leu Ser His Phe Leu <210> 238 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 238 Val Ile Pro Met Phe Ser Ala Leu <210> 239 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 239 Phe Asn Cys Gly Gly Glu Phe Phe Tyr <210> 240 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 240 Ser Phe Asn Cys Gly Gly Glu Phe Phe <210> 241 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 241 Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Trp Cys Tyr Lys Leu <210> 242 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 242 Val Leu Glu Trp Arg Phe Asp Ser Arg Leu <210> 243 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 243 Phe Pro Val Thr Pro Gln Val Pro Leu Arg <210> 244 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 244 Thr Pro Gly Pro Gly Val Arg Tyr Pro Leu <210> 245 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 245 Gln Ala Ser Gln Glu Val Lys Asn Trp <210> 246 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 246 Val Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp Phe Arg Lys Tyr <210> 247 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 247 Asn Pro Asp Ile Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr <210> 248 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus _ WO 99/02183 PCTNS98/14289 <400> 248 Arg Ala Ile Glu Ala Gln Ala His Leu <210> 249 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 249 Thr A1a Phe Thr Ile Pro Ser Ile <210> 250 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 250 Val His Pro Val His Ala Gly Pro Ile Ala <210> 251 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 251 Asn Cys Ser Phe Asn Ile Ser Thr Ser Ile <210> 252 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 252 Cys Thr Asn Val Ser Thr Val Gln Cys <210> 253 <211> 9 _ ~ WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 253 Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe His Thr <210> 254 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 254 Asn Pro Asp Ile Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr <210> 255 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 255 Glu Pro Ile Val Gly Ala Glu Thr Phe Tyr <210> 256 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 256 Glu Pro Ile Val Gly Ala Glu Thr Phe <210> 257 <2i1> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 257 Ser Pro Ala Ile Phe Gln Ser Ser Met <210> 258 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 258 Val Pro Leu Asp Lys Asp Phe Arg Lys Tyr <210>259 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 259 Ile P:ro Leu Thr Glu Glu Ala Glu Leu <210> 260 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 260 Arg Pro Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr <210> 261 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 261 Phe Pro Val Arg Pro Gln Val Pro Leu <210> 262 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 262 Asp Pro Asn Pro Gln Glu Val Val Leu <210> 263 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 263 Arg Pro Ile Val Ser Thr Gln Leu Leu <210> 264 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 264 Ile Pro Leu Thr Glu Glu Ala Glu Leu <210> 265 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 265 Asp Pro Asn Pro Gln Glu Val Val Leu <210> 266 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 <400> 266 Ala Met Gln Met Leu Lys Glu Thr Ile <210> 267 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 <400> 267 Thr Pro Tyr Asp Ile Asn Gln Met Leu <210> 268 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 268 Arg Arg Trp Ile Gln Leu Gly Leu Gln Lys <210> 269 <211> 15 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 269 Gly Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Thr Thr Ala Val <210> 270 <211> 15 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 270 Ala Leu Ile Trp Glu Asp Leu Arg Ser Leu Cys Leu Phe Ser Tyr <210> 271 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<2I3> Human papillomavirus type 6b <400> 271 Gly Leu His Cys Tyr Glu Gln Leu Val <210> 272 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 6b <400> 272 Pro Leu Lys Gln His Phe Gln Ile Val <210> 273 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213:> Human papillomavirus type 11 <400:> 273 Arg Leu Val Thr Leu Lys Asp Ile VaI
<210> 274 <211:> 9 <212:> PRT
<213:> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 274 Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile Cys <210> 275 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 275 Gly Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile <210> 276 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213:> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 276 Met Leu Asp Leu Gln Pro Glu Thr Thr <210> 277 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 277 Tyr Met Leu Asp Leu Gln Pro Glu Thr Thr <210> 278 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 278 Arg Pro Arg Lys Leu Pro Gln Leu <210> 279 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 279 Arg Ala His Tyr Asn Ile VaI Thr Phe <210> 280 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> HSV
<400> 280 Ser Ser Ile Glu Phe Ala Arg Leu <210> 281 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-1 <400> 281 Gly Ile Gly Ile Gly Val Leu Ala Ala <210> 282 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-1 <400> 282 Asp Tyr Ala Thr Leu Gly Val Gly Val <210> 283 <211> 11 <2I2> PRT
<213> HSV-1 <400> 283 Leu Tyr Arg Thr Phe Ala Gly Asn Pro Arg Ala <210> 284 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-1 <400> 284 Gln Thr Phe Asp Phe Gly Arg Leu <210> 285 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-2 <400> 285 Gly Ala Gly Ile Gly Val Ala Val Leu <210> 286 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 <400> 286 Leu Leu Phe Gly Tyr Pro Val Tyr Val <210> 287 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 287 Gly Ile Leu Gly Phe Val Phe Thr Leu <210> 288 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 288 Ile Leu Gly Phe Val Phe Thr Leu Thr Val <210> 289 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 289 Ile Leu Arg Gly Ser Val Ala His Lys <210> 290 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 290 Lys Thr Gly Gly Pro Ile Tyr Lys Arg <210> 291 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 291 Glu Leu Arg Ser Arg Tyr Trp Ala Ile <210> 292 <211> B
<212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 292 Leu Arg Ser Arg Tyr Trp Ala Ile <210> 293 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 293 Glu Asp Leu Arg Val Leu Ser Phe Ile <210>294 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 294 Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Leu Pro Ser Leu <210> 295 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 295 Phe Glu Asp Leu Arg Val Leu Ser Phe <210> 296 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 296 Val Ser Asp Gly Gly Pro Asn Leu Tyr <210>297 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 297 Cys Thr Glu Leu Lys Leu Ser Asp Tyr <210>298 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 298 Ala Ile Met Asp Lys Asn Ile Ile Leu <210> 299 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 299 Ile Met Asp Lys Asn Ile Ile Leu Lys Ala <210> 300 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 300 Ser Arg Tyr Trp Ala Ile Arg Thr Arg <210> 301 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 301 Thr Tyr Gln Arg Thr Arg Ala Leu Val <210> 302 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 302 Thr Tyr Val Ser Val Ser Thr Ser Thr Leu <210>303 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 303 Ile Tyr Ser Thr Val Ala Ser Ser Leu <210> 304 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 304 Phe Glu Ala Asn Gly Asn Leu Ile <210> 305 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 305 Ile Glu Gly Gly Trp Thr Gly Met Ile <210> 306 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 306 Ser Asp Tyr Glu Gly Arg Leu Ile <210> 307 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 307 Glu G:Lu Gly Ala Ile Val Gly Glu Ile <210> 308 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 308 Ala Ser Asn Glu Asn Met Glu Thr Met <210> 309 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 309 Ala Ser Asn Glu Asn Met Asp Ala Met <210> 310 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 310 Lys Leu Gly Glu Phe Tyr Asn Gln Met Met <210> 311 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 311 Lys Ala Gly Glu Phe Tyr Asn Gln Met Met <210> 312 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 312 Leu Tyr Gln Asn Val Gly Thr Tyr Val <210> 313 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 313 Thr Tyr Val Ser Val Gly Thr Ser Thr Leu <210> 314 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 314 Val Tyr Gln Ile Leu Ala Ile Tyr Ala <210>315 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 315 Ile Tyr Ala Thr Val Ala Gly Ser Leu <210> 316 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 316 Thr Tyr Val Ser Val Gly Thr Ser Thr Ile <210> 317 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 317 Phe Glu Ser Thr Gly Asn Leu Ile <210> 318 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> JHI~7 <400> 318 Ala Pro Thr Ala Gly Ala Phe Phe Phe <210> 319 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> LCNN
<400> 319 Arg Pro Gln Ala Ser Gly Val Tyr Met <210> 320 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> LCMV
<400> 320 Phe Gln Pro Gln Asn Gly Gln Phe Ile <210> 321 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> LCMV
<400> 321 Ser Gly Val Glu Asn Pro Gly Gly Tyr Cys Leu <210> 322 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> LCMV
<400> 322 Lys Ala Val Tyr Asn Phe Ala Thr Cys Gly <210> 323 <211> 9 <212> PRT
< 213 > MCM~I
<400> 323 Tyr Pro His Phe Met Pro Thr Asn Leu <210> 324 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MHV
<400> 324 Cys Leu Ser Trp Asn Gly Pro His Leu <210> 325 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MMTV
<400> 325 Ser Phe Ala Val Ala Thr Thr Ala Leu <210> 326 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MMTV
<400> 326 Ser Tyr Glu Thr Phe Ile Ser Arg Leu <210> 327 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> MMTV
<400> 327 Ala Asn Tyr Asp Phe Ile Cys Val <210> 328 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Murine leukemia virus <400> 328 Lys Ser Pro Trp Phe Thr Thr Leu <210>329 <211>8 <212>PRT
<213>Murine leukemia virus <400> 329 Ser Ser Trp Asp Phe Ile Thr Val <210> 330 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Murine leukemia virus <400> 330 Cys Cys Leu Cys Leu Thr Val Phe Leu <210>331 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Polio virus <400> 331 Ser Pro Ser Tyr Val Tyr His Gln Phe <210> 332 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Polio virus <400> 332 Ser Arg Arg Tyr Pro Asp Ala Val Tyr Leu His <210> 333 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MV
<400> 333 Arg Arg Tyr Pro Asp Ala Val Tyr Leu <210> 334 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MV
<400> 334 Tyr Pro Ala Leu Gly Leu His Glu Phe <210> 335 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Rotavirus sp.
<400> 335 Asp Pro Val Ile Asp Arg Leu Tyr Leu <210> 336 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Rotavirus sp.
<400> 336 Ser Pro Gly Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Phe <210> 337 <211> 8 <2I2> PRT
<213> Rotavirus sp.
<400> 337 Thr Tyr Lys Asp Thr Val Gln Leu <210> 338 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> polio virus <400> 338 Phe Tyr Asp Gly Phe Ser Lys Val Pro Leu <210> 339 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Pseudorabies virus <400> 339 Ile A1a Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Ala Ile <210> 340 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> SV
<400> 340 Val Glu Ala Glu Ile Ala His Gln Ile <210> 341 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> SV
<400> 341 Ile Ile Tyr Arg Phe Leu Leu Ile <210>342 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <400> 342 Val Gly Pro Val Phe Pro Pro Gly Met <210>343 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <400> 343 Tyr Ser Gly Tyr Ile Phe Arg Asp Leu <210>344 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <400> 344 Ser Tyr Ile Gly Ser Ile Asn Asn Ile <210> 345 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 345 Glu G:Ly Cys Thr Pro Tyr Asp Ile Asn G1n Met Leu <210> 346 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 346 Phe Ala Pro Gly Asn Tyr Pro Ala Leu <210> 347 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 347 Val Val Tyr Asp Phe Leu Lys Cys <210> 348 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 348 Ser Ala Ile Asn Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Leu <210> 349 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 349 Cys Lys Gly Val Asn Lys Glu Tyr Leu <210>350 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <400> 350 Gln Gly Ile Asn Asn Leu Asp Asn Leu <210>351 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (9) <223> leu <400> 351 Asn Asn Leu Asp Asn Leu Arg Asp Tyr <210> 352 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 352 Ser Gl.u Phe Leu Leu Glu Lys Arg Ile <210> 353 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 353 Arg Gly Tyr Val Tyr Gln Gly Leu <210> 354 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 354 Glu Ala Asp Pro Thr Gly His Ser Tyr <210> 355 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 355 Val Ser Asp Gly Gly Pro Asn Leu Tyr <210> 356 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 356 Cys Thr Glu Leu Lys Leu Ser Asp Tyr <210> 357 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 357 Glu Val Asp Pro Ile Gly His Leu Tyr <210> 358 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 358 Met Leu Leu Ser Val Pro Leu Leu Leu Gly <210> 359 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 359 Ser Thr Asx Xaa Gln Ser Gly Xaa Gln <210> 360 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 360 Tyr Met Asp Gly Thr Met Ser Gln Val <210> 361 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 361 Ile Leu Lys Glu Pro Val His Gly Val <210> 362 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 362 Ile Leu Gly Phe Val Phe Thr Leu Thr Val <210> 363 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HTLV-1_ <400> 363 Leu Leu Phe Gly Tyr Pro Val Tyr Val <210> 364 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 364 Gly Leu Ser Pro Thr Val Trp Leu Ser Val <210> 365 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 365 Trp Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Pro Phe Val <210> 366 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 366 Phe Leu Pro Ser Asp Phe Phe Pro Ser Val <210> 367 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 367 Cys Leu Gly Gly Leu Leu Thr Met Val <220> 368 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 368 Phe Leu Ala Gly Asn Ser Ala Tyr Glu Tyr Val <210:> 369 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 369 Lys Leu Gly Glu Phe Tyr Asn Gln Met Met <210> 370 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 370 Lys Leu Val Ala Leu Gly Ile Asn A1a Val <210> 371 <21I> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 371 Asp Leu Met Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Val <210> 372 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 11 <400> 372 Arg Leu Val Thr Leu Lys Asp Ile Val <210> 373 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 373 Met Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Tyr Cys Leu <210> 374 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 374 Ala A1a Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Val <210> 375 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 375 Tyr Leu Glu Pro Gly Pro Val Thr Ala <210> 376 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 376 Ile Leu Asp Gly Thr Ala Thr Leu Arg Leu <210> 377 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 377 Leu Leu Asp Gly Thr Ala Thr Leu Arg Leu <210> 378 <211> 9 <212> PRT
< 213 :> human <400> 378 Ile Thr Asp Gln Val Pro Phe Ser Val <210> 379 <211> 9 <212 > PRT
<213> human <400> 379 Lys Thr Trp Gly Gln Tyr Trp Gln Val <210> 380 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 380 Thr 7:1e Thr Asp Gln Val Pro Phe Ser Val <210> 381 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 381 Ala Phe His His Val Ala Arg Glu Leu <210> 382 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 382 Tyr Leu Asn Lys Ile Gln Asn Ser Leu <210> 383 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 383 Met Met Arg Lys Leu Ala Ile Leu Ser Val <210> 384 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 384 Lys A1a Gly Glu Phe Tyr Asn Gln Met Met <210> 385 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 385 Asn Ile Ala Glu Gly Leu Arg Ala Leu <210> 386 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 386 Asn Leu Arg Arg Gly Thr Ala Leu Ala <210> 387 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 387 Ala Leu Ala Ile Pro Gln Cys Arg Leu <210> 388 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 388 Val Leu Lys Asp Ala Ile Lys Asp Leu <210> 389 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 389 Phe Met Val Phe Ile Gln Thr His Ile <210> 390 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 390 His Leu Ile Val Asp Thr Asp Ser Leu <210> 391 <211> 9 <2I2> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 391 Ser Leu Gly Asn Pro Ser Leu Ser Val <210> 392 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 392 Pro Leu Ala Ser Ala Met Arg Met Leu <210> 393 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 393 Arg Met Leu Trp Met Ala Asn Tyr Ile <210> 394 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 394 Met Leu Trp Met Ala Asn Tyr Ile Val <210> 395 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 395 Ile Leu Pro Gln Gly Pro Gln Thr Ala <210> 396 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 396 Pro Leu Arg Pro Thr Ala Pro Thr Ile <210> 397 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 397 Pro Leu Pro Pro Ala Thr Leu Thr Val <210> 398 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 398 Arg Met His Leu Pro Val Leu His Val <210> 399 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 399 Pro Met Pro Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Leu <210> 400 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 400 Gln Leu Pro Pro Pro Ala Ala Pro Ala <210> 401 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 401 Ser Met Pro Glu Leu Ser Pro Val Leu <210> 402 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 402 Asp Leu Asp Glu Ser Trp Asp Tyr Ile <210> 403 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 403 Pro Leu Pro Cys Val Leu Trp Pro Val <210> 404 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 404 Ser Leu Glu Glu Cys Asp Ser Glu Leu <210> 405 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 405 Glu Il.e Lys Arg Tyr Lys Asn Arg Val <210> 406 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 406 Gln Leu Leu Gln His Tyr Arg Glu Val <210> 407 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 407 Leu Leu Gln His Tyr Arg Glu Val Ala <210> 408 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 408 Leu Leu Lys Gln Met Cys Pro Ser Leu <210> 409 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 409 Ser Ile Ile Pro Arg Thr Pro Asp Val <210>410 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 410 Ala Ile Met Asp Lys Asn Ile Ile Leu <210> 411 <211> 10 <212> PRT
c213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 411 Ile Met Asp Lys Asn Ile Ile Leu Lys Ala <210> 412 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 412 Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Val <210> 413 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 413 Ile Leu His Thr Pro Gly Cys Val <210> 414 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 414 Gln Leu Arg Arg His Ile Asp Leu Leu Val <210> 415 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 415 Asp Leu Cys Gly Ser Val Phe Leu Val <210> 416 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 416 Ser Met Val Gly Asn Trp Ala Lys Val <210> 417 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 417 His Leu His Gln Asn Ile Val Asp Val <210> 418 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 418 Phe Leu Leu Leu Ala Asp Ala Arg Val <210> 419 <211> 13 <2I2> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 419 Gly Leu Arg Asp Leu Ala Val Ala Val Glu Pro Val Val <210> 420 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 420 Ser Leu Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Val SB
<210> 421 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 421 Leu Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Val <210> 422 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 422 Phe Leu Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile His Leu <210> 423 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 423 Ser Leu Tyr Ala Asp Ser Pro Ser Val <210> 424 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 424 Gly Leu Ser Arg Tyr Val Ala Arg Leu <210> 425 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 425 Lys Ile Phe Gly Ser Leu Ala Phe Leu <210> 426 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 426 Glu Leu Val Ser Glu Phe Ser Arg Met <210> 427 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 427 Lys Leu Thr Pro Leu Cys Val Thr Leu <210> 428 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 428 Ser Leu Leu Asn Ala Thr Asp Ile Ala Val <210> 429 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 429 Val Leu Tyr Arg Tyr Gly Ser Phe Ser Val <210> 430 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 430 Tyr Ile Gly Glu Val Leu Val Ser Val <210> 431 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 431 Leu Leu Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly Gly Trp Val <210> 432 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 432 Leu Leu Val Pro Phe Val Gln Trp Phe Trp <210> 433 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 433 Ala Leu Met Pro Leu Tyr Ala Cys Ile <210> 434 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 434 Tyr Leu Val Ala Tyr Gln Aia Thr Val <210> 435 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 435 Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile Cys <210> 436 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 436 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu <210> 437 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 437 Leu Leu Pro Ile Phe Phe Cys Leu Trp Val <210> 438 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<2i3> Hepatitis B virus <400> 438 Tyr Met Asp Asp Val Val Leu Gly Ala <210> 439 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 439 Gly Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile <210> 440 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 440 Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Ile <210> 441 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 441 Met Leu Asp Leu Gln Pro Glu Thr Thr <210> 442 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 442 Ser Leu Met Ala Phe Thr Ala Ala Val <210> 443 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 443 Cys Ile Asn Gly Val Cys Trp Thr Val <210> 444 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 444 Val Met Asn Ile Leu Leu Gln Tyr Val Val _ ~ WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <210> 445 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 445 Ile Leu Thr Val Ile Leu Gly VaI Leu <210> 446 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 446 Phe Leu Trp Gly Pro Arg Ala Leu Val <210> 447 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 447 Leu Leu Cys Pro Ala Gly His Ala Val <210> 448 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 448 Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu Val <210> 449 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 449 Leu Leu Leu Cys Leu Ile Phe Leu Leu <210> 450 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 450 Leu Ile Asp Tyr Gln Gly Met Leu Pro Val <210> 451 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 451 Ser Ile Val Ser Pro Phe Ile Pro Leu Leu <210> 452 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 452 Phe Leu Leu Thr Arg Ile Leu Thr Ile <210> 453 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 453 His Leu Gly Asn Val Lys Tyr Leu Val <210> 454 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 454 Gly Ile Ala Gly Gly Leu Ala Leu Leu <210> 455 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 455 Ile Leu Ala Gly Tyr Gly Ala Gly Val <210> 456 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 456 Gly Leu Gln Asp Cys Thr Met Leu Val <210> 457 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 457 Thr Gly Ala Pro Val Thr Tyr Ser Thr Tyr <210> 458 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 458 Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr Met Asp Asp Leu <210> 459 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 459 Val Leu Pro Asp Val Phe Ile Arg Cys Val <210> 460 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 460 Val Leu Pro Asp Val Phe Ile Arg Cys <210> 461 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 461 Ala Val Gly Ile Gly Ile Ala Val Val <210> 462 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 462 Leu Val Val Leu Gly Leu Leu Ala Val <210> 463 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 463 Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Leu Leu Pro Val <210> 464 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-2 <400> 464 Gly Ala Gly Ile Gly Val Ala Val Leu <210> 465 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Pseudorabies virus <400> 465 Ile Ala Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Ala Ile <210>466 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Adenovirus <400> 466 Leu Ile Val Ile Gly Ile Leu Ile Leu <210> 467 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> S. lincolnensis <400> 467 Leu Ala Gly Ile Gly Leu Ile Ala Ala <210> 468 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> yeast <400> 468 Val Asp Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Ile <210>469 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>B. polymyxa <400> 469 Gly Ala Gly Ile Gly Val Leu Thr Ala <210> 470 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli <400> 470 Ala Ala Gly Ile Gly Ile Ile Gln Ile <210> 471 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli <400> 471 Gln A:La Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Leu Ala <210> 472 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 472 Lys Ala Arg Asp Pro His Ser Gly His Phe Val <210> 473 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 473 Lys Ala Cys Asp Pro His Ser Gly His Phe Val <210> 474 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 474 Ala Cys Asp Pro His Ser Gly His Phe Val <210> 475 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 475 Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Val Ala Thr Leu <210> 476 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 476 Glu Leu Val Ser Glu Phe Ser Arg Val <210> 477 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 477 Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile <210> 478 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 478 His Met Trp Asn Phe Ile Ser Gly Ile <210> 479 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 479 Asn Leu Val Pro Met Val Ala Thr Val Gln <210> 480 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 6b <400> 480 <210> 481 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 6b <400> 481 Pro Leu Lys Gln His Phe Gln Ile Val <210> 482 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 482 Leu Leu Asp Phe Val Arg Phe Met Gly Val <210> 483 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 483 Ala Ile Met Glu Lys Asn Ile Met Leu <210> 484 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 484 Tyr Leu Lys Thr Ile Gln Asn Ser Leu <210> 485 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 485 Tyr Leu Asn Lys Ile Gln Asn Ser Leu <210> 486 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 486 Tyr Met Leu Asp Leu Gln Pro Glu Thr Thr <210> 487 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 487 Leu Leu Met Gly Thr Leu Gly Ile Val <210> 4B8 _ ' WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 488 Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile <210> 489 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 489 Thr Leu Thr Ser Cys Asn Thr Ser Val <210> 490 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 490 Lys Leu Pro Gln Leu Cys Thr Glu Leu <210> 491 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 491 Thr Ile His Asp Ile Ile Leu Glu Cys <210> 492 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 492 Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile Cys Ser <210> 493 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 493 Val Ile Leu Gly Val Leu Leu Leu Ile <210> 494 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Axial Seamount~ polynoid polychaete <400> 494 Ala Leu Met Asp Lys Ser Leu His Val <210> 495 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 495 Gly Ile Leu Thr Val Ile Leu Gly Val <210> 496 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 496 Met Ile Asn Ala Tyr Leu Asp Lys Leu <210> 497 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 497 Ala Ala Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Val <210> 498 <211> 10 <212> PRT
< 213 ;~ human <400> 498 Phe Leu Pro Ser Asp Phe Phe Pro Ser Val <210> 499 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 499 Ser Val Arg Asp Arg Leu Ala Arg Leu <210> 500 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 500 Phe Ala Tyr Asp Gly Lys Asp Tyr Ile <210> 501 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 501 Ala Leu Leu Ala Val Gly Ala Thr Lys <210> 502 <211:> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 502 Arg Leu Arg Asp Leu Leu Leu Ile Val Thr Arg <210> 503 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 503 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 504 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 504 Thr Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Pro Val Trp Lys <210> 505 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 505 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys <210> 506 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 506 Ile Leu Arg Gly Ser Val Ala His Lys <210> 507 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 507 Arg Leu Arg Ala Glu Ala Gly Val Lys <210> 508 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 508 Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Pro Val Trp Lys <210> 509 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 509 Arg Val Cys Glu Lys Met Ala Leu Tyr <210> 510 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 510 Lys Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Thr Leu Lys <210> 511 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 511 Tyr Val Asn Val Asn Met Gly Leu Lys <210> 512 <211> 9 <212:> PRT
<213:> EBV
<400:> 512 Ile Val Thr Asp Phe Ser Val Ile Lys <210> 513 <211> 8 <212:> PRT
< 213 :> human <400> 513 Glu Leu Asn Glu Ala Glu Leu Lys <210:> 514 <211:> 9 <212:> PRT
<213:> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400:> 514 Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 515 <211:> 9 <212:> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400~ 515 Ala Ile Phe Gln Ser Ser Met Thr Lys <210> 516 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213:> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 516 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys _ ~ WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <210> 517 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 517 Thr Ile Asn Tyr Thr Ile Phe Lys <210> 518 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 c400> 518 Ala Ala Val Asp Leu Ser His Phe Leu Lys Glu Lys <210> 519 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 519 Ala Cys Gln Gly Val Gly Gly Pro Gly Gly His Lys <210> 520 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 520 Ser Tyr Leu Asp Ser Gly Ile His Phe c210> 521 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 521 Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu _ ~ WO 99/02183 PCTNS98/14289 <210> 522 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 522 Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Phe Tyr Ile Leu <210> 523 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 523 Ala Phe Leu Pro Trp His Arg Leu Phe Leu <210> 524 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 524 Ala Phe Leu Pro Trp His Arg Leu Phe <210> 525 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 525 Arg Tyr Ser Ile Phe Phe Asp Tyr <210> 526 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 _ ' WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <400> 526 Glu Thr Ile Asn Glu Glu Ala Ala Glu Trp <210> 527 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 527 Ser Thr Leu Pro Glu Thr Thr Val Val Arg Arg <210> 528 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 528 Met Ser Leu Gln Arg Gln Phe Leu Arg <210> 529 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 529 Leu Leu Pro Gly Gly Arg Pro Tyr Arg <210> 530 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 530 Ile VaI Gly Leu Asn Lys Ile Val Arg <230> 531 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 531 Ala Ala Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Val <210> 532 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 532 Glu Val Asp Pro Ala Ser Asn Thr Tyr <210> 533 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 533 Glu Val Asp Pro Thr Ser Asn Thr Tyr <210> 534 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 534 Glu Ala Asp Pro Thr Ser Asn Thr Tyr <210> 535 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 535 Glu Val Asp Pro Ile Gly His Val Tyr <210> 536 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 536 Met Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Leu Tyr Cys Leu Leu <210> 537 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 537 Met Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Tyr Cys Leu <210> 538 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 538 Ser Glu Ile Trp Arg Asp Ile Asp Phe Ala <210> 539 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 539 Ser Glu Ile Trp Arg Asp Ile Asp Phe <210> 540 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 540 Xaa Glu Ile Trp Arg Asp Ile Asp Phe <210> 541 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 541 Ser Thr Leu Val Glu Val Thr Leu Gly Glu Val <210> 542 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 542 Leu Val Glu Val Thr Leu Gly Glu Val <210> 543 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 543 Val Ile Phe Ser Lys Ala Ser Glu Tyr Leu <210> 544 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 544 Ile Ile Val Leu Ala Ile Ile Ala Ile <210> 545 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 545 Lys Ile Trp Glu Glu Leu Ser Met Leu Glu Val <210> 546 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 546 Leu Ile Glu Thr Ser Tyr Val Lys Val <210> 547 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 547 Phe Leu Trp Gly Pro Arg Ala Leu Val <210> 548 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 548 Thr Leu Val Glu Val Thr Leu Gly Glu Val <210> 549 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 549 Ala Leu Val Glu Thr Ser Tyr Val Lys Val <210> 550 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 550 Lys Ile Trp Glu Glu Leu Ser Val Leu <210> 551 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 551 Glu Val Asp Pro Ile Gly His Leu Tyr <210> 552 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 552 Glu Xaa Asp Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 553 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 553 Glu Ala Asp Pro Thr Gly His Ser Tyr <210> 554 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <400> 554 Glu Ala Asp Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 555 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <400> 555 Glu Ala Asp Pro Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 556 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (5) <223> ala or thr <400> 556 Glu Ala Asp Pro Ile Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 557 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (5) <223> ala or_thr <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (6) <223> ser <400> 557 Glu Ala Asp Pro Ile Gly Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 558 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (5) <223> ala or thr <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (6) <223> ser <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (7) <223> asn <400> 558 Glu Ala Asp Pro Ile Gly His Xaa Tyr <210> 559 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (5) <223> ala or thr <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (6) <223> ser <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (7) <223> asn <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (8) <223> thr or val <400> 559 Glu Ala Asp Pro Ile Gly His Leu Tyr <210> 560 <211> 16 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 560 Glu Leu His Ser Ala Tyr Gly Glu Pro Arg Lys Leu Leu Thr Gln Asp <210> 561 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 561 Glu His Ser Ala Tyr Gly Glu Pro Arg Lys Leu Leu <210> 562 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 562 Ser Ala Tyr Gly Glu Pro Arg Lys Leu <210> 563 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 563 Glu Ala Asp Pro Thr Gly His Ser Tyr <210> 564 <211> 22 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 564 Met Ala Ala Arg Ala Val Phe Leu Ala Leu Ser Ala Gln Leu Leu Gln 1 5 10 i5 Ala Arg Leu Met Lys Glu <210> 565 <211> 16 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 565 Met Ala Ala Arg Ala Val Phe Leu Ala Leu Ser Ala Gln Leu Leu Gln <210> 566 <211> 9 _ ' WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <212> PRT
<213> human _ <400> 566 Ala Ala Arg Ala Val Phe Leu Ala Leu <210> 567 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 567 Tyr Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg Arg Tyr <210> 568 <211> .9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 568 Asp Leu Asn Thr Met Leu Asn Thr Val <210> 569 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> LCMV
<400> 569 Lys Ala Val Tyr Asn Phe Ala Thr Cys
<213> HBV
<400> 57 Arg Arg Arg Trp Arg Arg Leu Thr Val <210> 58 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 58 Arg Arg Ile Tyr Asp Leu Ile Glu Leu <210> 59 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 59 Tyr Pro Leu His Glu Gln His Gly Met <210> 60 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 60 His Ser Lys Lys Lys Cys Asp Glu Leu <210> 61 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 61 Ala Ser Arg Cys Trp Val Ala Met <210> 62 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> LIepatitis C virus <400> 62 Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu <210> 63 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 63 Arg Pro Leu Thr Asp Phe Asp Gln Gly Trp <210> 64 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Tiepatitis C virus <400> 64 Leu Met Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Val Gly Ala <210> 65 <211> :LO
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 65 Ala Asp Leu Met Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Val <210> 66 <211> 16 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 66 Met Ser Tyr Ser Trp Thr Gly Ala Leu Val Thr Pro Cys Ala Glu Glu <210> 67 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 67 Lys His Pro Asp Ala Thr Tyr Ser Arg <210> 68 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 68 Lys Leu Val Ala Leu Gly Ile Asn Ala Val <210> 69 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 69 Gly Asp Phe Asp Ser Val Ile Asp Cys <210> 70 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 70 Gly Asn Ala Ser Arg Cys Trp Val Ala <210> 71 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 71 Thr Arg Pro Pro Leu Gly Asn Trp Phe <210> 72 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 72 Val Pro His Pro Asn Ile Glu Glu Val <210> 73 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 73 Tyr Thr Gly Asp Phe Asp Ser Val Ile <210> 74 <211> B
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 74 Ser Trp Ala Ile Lys Trp Glu Tyr <210> 75 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 75 Lys His Pro Asp Ala Thr Tyr Ser Arg <210> 76 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 76 Gly Asp Phe Asp Ser Val Ile Asp Cys <210> '77 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> '77 Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu <210> 78 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 78 Ile Val Gly Leu Asn Lys Ile Val Arg <210> 79 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 79 Glu Ile Tyr Lys Arg Trp Ile Ile Leu <210> BO
<211> y <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 80 Gly Glu Ile Tyr Lys Arg Trp Ile Ile <210> 81 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 81 Glu Ile Lys Asp Thr Lys Glu Ala Leu <210> 82 <211> 8 <2I2> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 82 Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu <210> 83 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 83 Ile Leu Gly Leu Asn Lys Ile Val Arg Met Tyr <210> 84 <211> S
<212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 84 Glu Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu <210> 85 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 85 Tyr His Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Gln Trp Gln <210> 86 <2I1> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 86 Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Gln Trp Gln Asn Tyr Thr <210> 87 <211> y <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 87 Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile Gly Lys <210> 88 <211> y <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 88 Lys Arg Trp Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Asn <210> 89 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 89 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 90 <211> :9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> ~0 Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Gln Trp Gln <210> 91 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 91 His Gln Ala Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu <210> 92 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 92 Gln Met Val His Gln Ala Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu <210> 93 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 93 Met Tyr Ala Pro Pro Ile Gly Gly Gln Ile <210> 94 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 94 Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile <210> 95 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 95 Met Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile <210> 96 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 96 Ile Leu Lys Glu Pro Val His Gly Val <210> 97 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 97 Ala Phe His His Val Ala Arg Glu Leu <210> 98 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 98 Lys Leu Thr Pro Leu Cys Val Thr Leu <210> 99 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 99 Ser Leu Leu Asn Ala Thr Asp Ile Ala Val <210> 100 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 100 Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr Met Asp Asp Leu <210> 101 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 101 Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Val Ala Thr Leu <210> 102 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 102 Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile <210> :103 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Fiuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 103 Arg Leu Arg Asp Leu Leu Leu Ile Val Thr Arg <210> 104 <211> :10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 104 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 105 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 105 Thr Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Pro Val Trp Lys <210> 106 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 106 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys <210> 107 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 107 Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Pro Val Trp Lys <210> 108 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 1.08 Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 109 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 109 Ala Ile Phe Gln Ser Ser Met Thr Lys <210> 110 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> zlo Ala Ala Val Asp Leu Ser His Phe Leu Lys Glu Lys <210> 111 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> :111 Ala Cys Gln Gly Val Gly Gly Pro Gly Gly His Lys <210> :112 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> :112 Glu Thr Ile Asn Glu Glu Ala Ala Glu Trp <210> 113 <211> 0 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 113 Thr Pro Gly Pro Gly Val Arg Tyr Pro Leu <210> 114 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 114 Gly Gl.y Lys Lys Lys Tyr Lys Leu <210> 115 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 115 Arg Val Lys Glu Lys Tyr Gln His Leu <210> 116 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 116 Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Thr Leu Arg Ala <210> 117 <211> 16 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 117 Gly Val Arg Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Trp Cys Tyr Lys Leu Val Pro <210> 118 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 118 Lys Arg Trp Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Asn Lys <210> 119 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 119 Lys Glu His Val Ile Gln Asn Ala Phe <210> 120 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 120 Glu Glu Asn Leu Leu Asp Phe Val Arg Phe <210> 121 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 121 Asp Thr Pro Leu Ile Pro Leu Thr Ile Phe <210> 122 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 122 Gln Asn Gly Ala Leu Ala Ile Asn Thr Phe <210> 123 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 123 Arg Leu Arg Ala Glu Ala Gly Val Lys <210> 124 <211> :10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> :124 Gly Leu Ser Pro Thr Val Trp Leu Ser Val <210> 125 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 125 Trp Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Pro Phe Val <210> 126 <211> :LO
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 126 Phe Leu Pro Ser Asp Phe Phe Pro Ser Val <210> 127 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 127 Phe Leu Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile His Leu <210> 128 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 128 Ser Leu Tyr Ala Asp Ser Pro Ser Val <210> 129 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 129 Gly Leu Ser Arg Tyr Val Ala Arg Leu <210> 130 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 130 Leu Leu Val Pro Phe Val Gln Trp Phe Val <210> 131 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 131 Ala Leu Met Pro Leu Tyr Ala Cys Ile <210> 132 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 132 Leu Leu Pro Ile Phe Phe Cys Leu Trp Val <210> 133 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 133 Tyr Met Asp Asp Val Val Leu Gly Ala <210> 134 <211> .9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis 8 virus <400> :134 Leu Leu Leu Cys Leu Ile Phe Leu Leu <210> 135 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 135 Leu Leu Asp Tyr Gln Gly Met Leu Pro Val <210> 136 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 136 Ser Ile Val Ser Pro Phe Ile Pro Leu Leu <210> 137 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 137 Phe Leu Leu Thr Arg Ile Leu Thr Ile <210> 138 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 13B
Tyr Val Asn Val Asn Met Gly Leu Lys <210> 139 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 139 Ser Thr Leu Pro Glu Thr Thr Val Val Arg Arg <210> 140 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 140 Ile Pro Gln Ser Leu Asp Ser Trp Trp Thr Ser Leu <210> 141 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 141 Met Gly Leu Lys Phe Arg Gln Leu <210> 142 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 142 Ser Thr Asx Xaa Gln Ser Gly Xaa Gln <210> 143 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 143 Phe Ile Ala Gly Asn Ser Ala Tyr Glu Tyr Val <210> 144 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 144 Ser Asp Glu Glu Glu Ala Ile Val Ala Tyr Thr Leu <210> 145 <211> 15 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegaiovirus <400> 145 Asp Asp Val Trp Thr Ser Gly Ser Asp Ser Asp Glu Glu Leu Val <210> 146 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 146 Ile Pro Ser Ile Asn Val His His Tyr <210> 147 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 147 Asn Leu Val Pro Met Val Ala Thr Val Gln <210>148 <211>15 <212>PRT
<213>Human cytomegalovirus <400> 148 Arg Lys Thr Pro Arg Val Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Met Ala Gly Ala <210> 149 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 149 Asp Leu Met Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Val <210> 150 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 150 Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Val <210> 151 <211> B
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 151 Ile Leu His Thr Pro Gly Cys Val <210> 152 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 152 Gln Leu Arg Arg His Ile Asp Leu Leu Val <210> 153 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 153 Asp Leu Cys Gly Ser Val Phe Leu Val <210> 154 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 154 Ser Met Val Gly Asn Trp Ala Lys Val <210> 155 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 155 His Leu His Gln Asn Ile Val Asp Val <210> 156 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 156 Phe Leu Leu Leu Ala Asp Ala Arg Val <210> 157 <211> 1.3 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 157 Gly Leu Arg Asp Leu Ala Val Ala Val Glu Pro Val Val <210> 158 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 158 Ser Leu Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Val <210> 159 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 159 Leu Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Val <210> 160 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 160 Leu Leu Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly Gly Trp Val <210> 161 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 161 Tyr Leu Val Ala Tyr Gln Ala Thr Val <210> 162 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 162 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu <210> 163 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 163 Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Ile <210> 164 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 164 Ser Leu Met Ala Phe Thr Ala Ala Val <210> 165 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 165 Cys Ile Asn Gly Val Cys Trp Thr Val <210> 166 <211> S
<212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 166 Leu Leu Cys Pro Ala Gly His Ala Val <210> 167 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 167 Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu Val <210> 168 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 168 Ile Leu Ala Gly Tyr Gly Ala Gly Val <210> 169 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 169 Gly Leu Gln Asp Cys Thr Met Leu Val <210> 170 <211> lb <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 170 Thr Gly Ala Pro Val Thr Tyr Ser Thr Tyr <210> 171 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 171 His Met Trp Asn Phe Ile Ser Gly Ile <210> 172 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 172 Arg Val Cys Glu Lys Met Ala Leu Tyr <210> 173 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 173 Thr Ile Asn Tyr Thr Ile Phe Lys <210> 174 <211> 8 <212> FRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 174 Tyr Ile Ser Trp Cys Leu Trp Trp <210> 175 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 175 Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr <210> 1.76 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 176 Ser Phe Asn Cys Gly Gly Glu Phe Phe <210> 177 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> a77 Thr Glu Met Glu Lys Glu Gly Lys Ile <210> 7.78 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 178 Lys Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys <210> 179 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 1.79 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys Tyr <210> 180 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 180 Ala Ile Phe Gln Ser Ser Met Thr Lys <210> 181 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 181 Thr Leu Tyr Cys Val His Gln Arg Ile <210> I82 <211> IO
<212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 182 Ile Tyr Gln Glu Pro Phe Lys Asn Leu Lys <210> 183 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 183 Lys Tyr Lys Leu Lys His Ile Val Trp <210> 184 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 184 Leu Phe Cys Ala Ser Asp Ala Lys Ala Tyr <210> 185 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 185 Gln Ala Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp <210> 186 <211> 9 <212> PRT _ <213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 186 Glu Val Ile Pro Met Phe Ser Ala Leu <210> 187 <211> .11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> :187 Glu Thr Phe Tyr Val Asp Gly Ala Ala Asn Arg <210> 188 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 188 Arg Leu Arg Asp Leu Leu Leu Ile Val Thr Arg <210> 189 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 189 Pro Ile Gln Lys Glu Thr Trp Glu Thr Trp <210> 190 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 190 Arg Ile Lys Gln Ile Ile Asn Met Trp <210> 191 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 191 Ile Thr Leu Trp Gln Arg Pro Leu Val <210> 192 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 192 Asp Thr Val Leu Glu Glu Met Asn Leu <210> 193 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 193 Ile Thr Leu Trp Gln Arg Pro Leu Val <210> 194 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 194 Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp Val <210> 195 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 195 Ala Thr Pro Gln Asp Leu Asn Thr Met <210> 196 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 196 Arg Pra Asn Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile <210> 197 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 197 Ile Pra Arg Arg Ile Arg Gln Gly Leu <210> 198 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 198 Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Val <210> 199 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 199 Trp Pra Thr Val Arg Glu Arg Met <210> 200 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 200 Phe Leu Lys Glu Lys Gly Gly Leu <210> 201 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 201 Lys Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys <210> 202 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 202 Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys <210> 203 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 203 Gly Arg Arg Gly Trp Glu Ala Leu Lys Tyr <210> 204 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 204 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 205 <211> g <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 205 Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu <210> 206 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 206 Arg Arg Gln Asp Ile Leu Asp Leu Trp Ile <210> 207 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 207 Arg Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Trp <210> 208 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 208 Trp Ala Ser Arg Glu Leu Glu Arg Phe <210> 209 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 209 Thr Val Leu Asp Val Gly Asp Ala Tyr <210> 210 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 210 Val Pro Val Trp Lys Glu Ala Thr Thr Thr Leu <210> 211 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 211 Asn Ser Ser Lys Val Ser Gln Asn Tyr <210> 212 <211>
<212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 212 Pro Pro Ile Pro Val Gly Asp Ile Tyr <210> 213 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 213 His Pro Asp Ile Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr <210> 214 <211> S
<212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 214 Thr Ala Val Pro Trp Asn Ala Ser Trp <210> 215 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 215 Asn Pro Val Pro Val Gly Asn Ile Tyr <210> 216 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 216 Tyr Phe Pro Asp Trp Gln Asn Tyr Thr <210> 217 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 217 Gly His Gln Ala Ala Met Gln Met Leu <210> 218 <211> :10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 218 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys Tyr <210> 219 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 219 Tyr Pro Gly Ile Lys Val Arg Gln Leu <210> 220 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 220 Gly Ala Glu Thr Phe Tyr Val Asp Gly Ala <210> 221 <211> .9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 221 Asn Ala Asn Pro Asp Cys Lys Thr Ile <210> 222 <211> $
<2I2> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 222 Arg Met Tyr Ser Pro Thr Ser Ile <210> 223 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 223 Val Pro val Trp Lys Glu Ala Thr Thr Thr <210> 224 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 224 Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp <210> 225 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 225 Thr Ser Thr Leu Gln Glu Gln Ile Gly Trp <210> 226 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 226 Lys Ala Phe Ser Pro Glu Val Ile Pro Met Phe <210> 227 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 227 Gln Ala Ser Gln Glu Val Lys Asn Trp <210> 228 <211> 9 - <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 228 Gln Ala Ser Gln Asp Val Lys Asn Trp <210> 229 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 229 His Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Asp Trp Gln <210> 230 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 230 Tyr Phe Pro Asp Trp Gln Asn Tyr Thr <210> 231 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 231 Thr Sex Thr Leu Gln Glu Gln Ile Gly Trp <210> 232 <211> 30 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 232 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys Tyr <210> 233 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 233 Leu Gly Leu Asn Lys Ile Val Arg Met Tyr <210> 234 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> '~34 Leu Val Gly Lys Leu Asn Trp Ala Ser Gln Ile Tyr <210> 235 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 235 Ile Leu Lys Glu Pro Val His Gly Val Tyr <210> 236 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 236 Thr Gln Gly Tyr Phe Pro Asp Trp Gln Asn Tyr <210> 237 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 237 Ala Va:L Asp Leu Ser His Phe Leu <210> 238 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 238 Val Ile Pro Met Phe Ser Ala Leu <210> 239 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 239 Phe Asn Cys Gly Gly Glu Phe Phe Tyr <210> 240 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 240 Ser Phe Asn Cys Gly Gly Glu Phe Phe <210> 241 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 241 Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Trp Cys Tyr Lys Leu <210> 242 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 242 Val Leu Glu Trp Arg Phe Asp Ser Arg Leu <210> 243 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 243 Phe Pro Val Thr Pro Gln Val Pro Leu Arg <210> 244 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 244 Thr Pro Gly Pro Gly Val Arg Tyr Pro Leu <210> 245 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 245 Gln Ala Ser Gln Glu Val Lys Asn Trp <210> 246 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 246 Val Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp Phe Arg Lys Tyr <210> 247 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 247 Asn Pro Asp Ile Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr <210> 248 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus _ WO 99/02183 PCTNS98/14289 <400> 248 Arg Ala Ile Glu Ala Gln Ala His Leu <210> 249 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 249 Thr A1a Phe Thr Ile Pro Ser Ile <210> 250 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 250 Val His Pro Val His Ala Gly Pro Ile Ala <210> 251 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 251 Asn Cys Ser Phe Asn Ile Ser Thr Ser Ile <210> 252 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 252 Cys Thr Asn Val Ser Thr Val Gln Cys <210> 253 <211> 9 _ ~ WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 253 Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe His Thr <210> 254 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 254 Asn Pro Asp Ile Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr <210> 255 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 255 Glu Pro Ile Val Gly Ala Glu Thr Phe Tyr <210> 256 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 256 Glu Pro Ile Val Gly Ala Glu Thr Phe <210> 257 <2i1> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 257 Ser Pro Ala Ile Phe Gln Ser Ser Met <210> 258 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 258 Val Pro Leu Asp Lys Asp Phe Arg Lys Tyr <210>259 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 259 Ile P:ro Leu Thr Glu Glu Ala Glu Leu <210> 260 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 260 Arg Pro Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr <210> 261 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 261 Phe Pro Val Arg Pro Gln Val Pro Leu <210> 262 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 262 Asp Pro Asn Pro Gln Glu Val Val Leu <210> 263 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 263 Arg Pro Ile Val Ser Thr Gln Leu Leu <210> 264 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 264 Ile Pro Leu Thr Glu Glu Ala Glu Leu <210> 265 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus <400> 265 Asp Pro Asn Pro Gln Glu Val Val Leu <210> 266 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 <400> 266 Ala Met Gln Met Leu Lys Glu Thr Ile <210> 267 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 <400> 267 Thr Pro Tyr Asp Ile Asn Gln Met Leu <210> 268 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 268 Arg Arg Trp Ile Gln Leu Gly Leu Gln Lys <210> 269 <211> 15 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 269 Gly Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Thr Thr Ala Val <210> 270 <211> 15 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 270 Ala Leu Ile Trp Glu Asp Leu Arg Ser Leu Cys Leu Phe Ser Tyr <210> 271 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<2I3> Human papillomavirus type 6b <400> 271 Gly Leu His Cys Tyr Glu Gln Leu Val <210> 272 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 6b <400> 272 Pro Leu Lys Gln His Phe Gln Ile Val <210> 273 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213:> Human papillomavirus type 11 <400:> 273 Arg Leu Val Thr Leu Lys Asp Ile VaI
<210> 274 <211:> 9 <212:> PRT
<213:> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 274 Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile Cys <210> 275 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 275 Gly Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile <210> 276 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213:> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 276 Met Leu Asp Leu Gln Pro Glu Thr Thr <210> 277 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 277 Tyr Met Leu Asp Leu Gln Pro Glu Thr Thr <210> 278 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 278 Arg Pro Arg Lys Leu Pro Gln Leu <210> 279 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 279 Arg Ala His Tyr Asn Ile VaI Thr Phe <210> 280 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> HSV
<400> 280 Ser Ser Ile Glu Phe Ala Arg Leu <210> 281 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-1 <400> 281 Gly Ile Gly Ile Gly Val Leu Ala Ala <210> 282 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-1 <400> 282 Asp Tyr Ala Thr Leu Gly Val Gly Val <210> 283 <211> 11 <2I2> PRT
<213> HSV-1 <400> 283 Leu Tyr Arg Thr Phe Ala Gly Asn Pro Arg Ala <210> 284 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-1 <400> 284 Gln Thr Phe Asp Phe Gly Arg Leu <210> 285 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-2 <400> 285 Gly Ala Gly Ile Gly Val Ala Val Leu <210> 286 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 <400> 286 Leu Leu Phe Gly Tyr Pro Val Tyr Val <210> 287 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 287 Gly Ile Leu Gly Phe Val Phe Thr Leu <210> 288 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 288 Ile Leu Gly Phe Val Phe Thr Leu Thr Val <210> 289 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 289 Ile Leu Arg Gly Ser Val Ala His Lys <210> 290 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 290 Lys Thr Gly Gly Pro Ile Tyr Lys Arg <210> 291 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 291 Glu Leu Arg Ser Arg Tyr Trp Ala Ile <210> 292 <211> B
<212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 292 Leu Arg Ser Arg Tyr Trp Ala Ile <210> 293 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 293 Glu Asp Leu Arg Val Leu Ser Phe Ile <210>294 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 294 Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Leu Pro Ser Leu <210> 295 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 295 Phe Glu Asp Leu Arg Val Leu Ser Phe <210> 296 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 296 Val Ser Asp Gly Gly Pro Asn Leu Tyr <210>297 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 297 Cys Thr Glu Leu Lys Leu Ser Asp Tyr <210>298 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 298 Ala Ile Met Asp Lys Asn Ile Ile Leu <210> 299 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 299 Ile Met Asp Lys Asn Ile Ile Leu Lys Ala <210> 300 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 300 Ser Arg Tyr Trp Ala Ile Arg Thr Arg <210> 301 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 301 Thr Tyr Gln Arg Thr Arg Ala Leu Val <210> 302 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 302 Thr Tyr Val Ser Val Ser Thr Ser Thr Leu <210>303 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 303 Ile Tyr Ser Thr Val Ala Ser Ser Leu <210> 304 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 304 Phe Glu Ala Asn Gly Asn Leu Ile <210> 305 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 305 Ile Glu Gly Gly Trp Thr Gly Met Ile <210> 306 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 306 Ser Asp Tyr Glu Gly Arg Leu Ile <210> 307 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 307 Glu G:Lu Gly Ala Ile Val Gly Glu Ile <210> 308 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 308 Ala Ser Asn Glu Asn Met Glu Thr Met <210> 309 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 309 Ala Ser Asn Glu Asn Met Asp Ala Met <210> 310 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 310 Lys Leu Gly Glu Phe Tyr Asn Gln Met Met <210> 311 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 311 Lys Ala Gly Glu Phe Tyr Asn Gln Met Met <210> 312 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 312 Leu Tyr Gln Asn Val Gly Thr Tyr Val <210> 313 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 313 Thr Tyr Val Ser Val Gly Thr Ser Thr Leu <210> 314 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 314 Val Tyr Gln Ile Leu Ala Ile Tyr Ala <210>315 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 315 Ile Tyr Ala Thr Val Ala Gly Ser Leu <210> 316 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 316 Thr Tyr Val Ser Val Gly Thr Ser Thr Ile <210> 317 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 317 Phe Glu Ser Thr Gly Asn Leu Ile <210> 318 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> JHI~7 <400> 318 Ala Pro Thr Ala Gly Ala Phe Phe Phe <210> 319 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> LCNN
<400> 319 Arg Pro Gln Ala Ser Gly Val Tyr Met <210> 320 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> LCMV
<400> 320 Phe Gln Pro Gln Asn Gly Gln Phe Ile <210> 321 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> LCMV
<400> 321 Ser Gly Val Glu Asn Pro Gly Gly Tyr Cys Leu <210> 322 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> LCMV
<400> 322 Lys Ala Val Tyr Asn Phe Ala Thr Cys Gly <210> 323 <211> 9 <212> PRT
< 213 > MCM~I
<400> 323 Tyr Pro His Phe Met Pro Thr Asn Leu <210> 324 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MHV
<400> 324 Cys Leu Ser Trp Asn Gly Pro His Leu <210> 325 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MMTV
<400> 325 Ser Phe Ala Val Ala Thr Thr Ala Leu <210> 326 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MMTV
<400> 326 Ser Tyr Glu Thr Phe Ile Ser Arg Leu <210> 327 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> MMTV
<400> 327 Ala Asn Tyr Asp Phe Ile Cys Val <210> 328 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Murine leukemia virus <400> 328 Lys Ser Pro Trp Phe Thr Thr Leu <210>329 <211>8 <212>PRT
<213>Murine leukemia virus <400> 329 Ser Ser Trp Asp Phe Ile Thr Val <210> 330 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Murine leukemia virus <400> 330 Cys Cys Leu Cys Leu Thr Val Phe Leu <210>331 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Polio virus <400> 331 Ser Pro Ser Tyr Val Tyr His Gln Phe <210> 332 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Polio virus <400> 332 Ser Arg Arg Tyr Pro Asp Ala Val Tyr Leu His <210> 333 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MV
<400> 333 Arg Arg Tyr Pro Asp Ala Val Tyr Leu <210> 334 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> MV
<400> 334 Tyr Pro Ala Leu Gly Leu His Glu Phe <210> 335 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Rotavirus sp.
<400> 335 Asp Pro Val Ile Asp Arg Leu Tyr Leu <210> 336 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Rotavirus sp.
<400> 336 Ser Pro Gly Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Phe <210> 337 <211> 8 <2I2> PRT
<213> Rotavirus sp.
<400> 337 Thr Tyr Lys Asp Thr Val Gln Leu <210> 338 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> polio virus <400> 338 Phe Tyr Asp Gly Phe Ser Lys Val Pro Leu <210> 339 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Pseudorabies virus <400> 339 Ile A1a Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Ala Ile <210> 340 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> SV
<400> 340 Val Glu Ala Glu Ile Ala His Gln Ile <210> 341 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> SV
<400> 341 Ile Ile Tyr Arg Phe Leu Leu Ile <210>342 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <400> 342 Val Gly Pro Val Phe Pro Pro Gly Met <210>343 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <400> 343 Tyr Ser Gly Tyr Ile Phe Arg Asp Leu <210>344 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <400> 344 Ser Tyr Ile Gly Ser Ile Asn Asn Ile <210> 345 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 345 Glu G:Ly Cys Thr Pro Tyr Asp Ile Asn G1n Met Leu <210> 346 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 346 Phe Ala Pro Gly Asn Tyr Pro Ala Leu <210> 347 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 347 Val Val Tyr Asp Phe Leu Lys Cys <210> 348 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 348 Ser Ala Ile Asn Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Leu <210> 349 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Simian virus 40 <400> 349 Cys Lys Gly Val Asn Lys Glu Tyr Leu <210>350 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <400> 350 Gln Gly Ile Asn Asn Leu Asp Asn Leu <210>351 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Simian virus <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (9) <223> leu <400> 351 Asn Asn Leu Asp Asn Leu Arg Asp Tyr <210> 352 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 352 Ser Gl.u Phe Leu Leu Glu Lys Arg Ile <210> 353 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 353 Arg Gly Tyr Val Tyr Gln Gly Leu <210> 354 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 354 Glu Ala Asp Pro Thr Gly His Ser Tyr <210> 355 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 355 Val Ser Asp Gly Gly Pro Asn Leu Tyr <210> 356 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 356 Cys Thr Glu Leu Lys Leu Ser Asp Tyr <210> 357 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 357 Glu Val Asp Pro Ile Gly His Leu Tyr <210> 358 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 358 Met Leu Leu Ser Val Pro Leu Leu Leu Gly <210> 359 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 359 Ser Thr Asx Xaa Gln Ser Gly Xaa Gln <210> 360 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 360 Tyr Met Asp Gly Thr Met Ser Gln Val <210> 361 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 361 Ile Leu Lys Glu Pro Val His Gly Val <210> 362 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 362 Ile Leu Gly Phe Val Phe Thr Leu Thr Val <210> 363 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HTLV-1_ <400> 363 Leu Leu Phe Gly Tyr Pro Val Tyr Val <210> 364 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 364 Gly Leu Ser Pro Thr Val Trp Leu Ser Val <210> 365 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 365 Trp Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Pro Phe Val <210> 366 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 366 Phe Leu Pro Ser Asp Phe Phe Pro Ser Val <210> 367 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 367 Cys Leu Gly Gly Leu Leu Thr Met Val <220> 368 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 368 Phe Leu Ala Gly Asn Ser Ala Tyr Glu Tyr Val <210:> 369 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 369 Lys Leu Gly Glu Phe Tyr Asn Gln Met Met <210> 370 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 370 Lys Leu Val Ala Leu Gly Ile Asn A1a Val <210> 371 <21I> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 371 Asp Leu Met Gly Tyr Ile Pro Leu Val <210> 372 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 11 <400> 372 Arg Leu Val Thr Leu Lys Asp Ile Val <210> 373 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 373 Met Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Tyr Cys Leu <210> 374 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 374 Ala A1a Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Val <210> 375 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 375 Tyr Leu Glu Pro Gly Pro Val Thr Ala <210> 376 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 376 Ile Leu Asp Gly Thr Ala Thr Leu Arg Leu <210> 377 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 377 Leu Leu Asp Gly Thr Ala Thr Leu Arg Leu <210> 378 <211> 9 <212> PRT
< 213 :> human <400> 378 Ile Thr Asp Gln Val Pro Phe Ser Val <210> 379 <211> 9 <212 > PRT
<213> human <400> 379 Lys Thr Trp Gly Gln Tyr Trp Gln Val <210> 380 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 380 Thr 7:1e Thr Asp Gln Val Pro Phe Ser Val <210> 381 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 381 Ala Phe His His Val Ala Arg Glu Leu <210> 382 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 382 Tyr Leu Asn Lys Ile Gln Asn Ser Leu <210> 383 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 383 Met Met Arg Lys Leu Ala Ile Leu Ser Val <210> 384 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 384 Lys A1a Gly Glu Phe Tyr Asn Gln Met Met <210> 385 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 385 Asn Ile Ala Glu Gly Leu Arg Ala Leu <210> 386 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 386 Asn Leu Arg Arg Gly Thr Ala Leu Ala <210> 387 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 387 Ala Leu Ala Ile Pro Gln Cys Arg Leu <210> 388 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 388 Val Leu Lys Asp Ala Ile Lys Asp Leu <210> 389 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 389 Phe Met Val Phe Ile Gln Thr His Ile <210> 390 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 390 His Leu Ile Val Asp Thr Asp Ser Leu <210> 391 <211> 9 <2I2> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 391 Ser Leu Gly Asn Pro Ser Leu Ser Val <210> 392 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 392 Pro Leu Ala Ser Ala Met Arg Met Leu <210> 393 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 393 Arg Met Leu Trp Met Ala Asn Tyr Ile <210> 394 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 394 Met Leu Trp Met Ala Asn Tyr Ile Val <210> 395 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 395 Ile Leu Pro Gln Gly Pro Gln Thr Ala <210> 396 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 396 Pro Leu Arg Pro Thr Ala Pro Thr Ile <210> 397 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 397 Pro Leu Pro Pro Ala Thr Leu Thr Val <210> 398 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 398 Arg Met His Leu Pro Val Leu His Val <210> 399 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 399 Pro Met Pro Leu Pro Pro Ser Gln Leu <210> 400 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 400 Gln Leu Pro Pro Pro Ala Ala Pro Ala <210> 401 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 401 Ser Met Pro Glu Leu Ser Pro Val Leu <210> 402 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 402 Asp Leu Asp Glu Ser Trp Asp Tyr Ile <210> 403 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 403 Pro Leu Pro Cys Val Leu Trp Pro Val <210> 404 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 404 Ser Leu Glu Glu Cys Asp Ser Glu Leu <210> 405 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 405 Glu Il.e Lys Arg Tyr Lys Asn Arg Val <210> 406 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 406 Gln Leu Leu Gln His Tyr Arg Glu Val <210> 407 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 407 Leu Leu Gln His Tyr Arg Glu Val Ala <210> 408 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 408 Leu Leu Lys Gln Met Cys Pro Ser Leu <210> 409 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 409 Ser Ile Ile Pro Arg Thr Pro Asp Val <210>410 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Haemophilus influenzae <400> 410 Ala Ile Met Asp Lys Asn Ile Ile Leu <210> 411 <211> 10 <212> PRT
c213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 411 Ile Met Asp Lys Asn Ile Ile Leu Lys Ala <210> 412 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 412 Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Val <210> 413 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 413 Ile Leu His Thr Pro Gly Cys Val <210> 414 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 414 Gln Leu Arg Arg His Ile Asp Leu Leu Val <210> 415 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 415 Asp Leu Cys Gly Ser Val Phe Leu Val <210> 416 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 416 Ser Met Val Gly Asn Trp Ala Lys Val <210> 417 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 417 His Leu His Gln Asn Ile Val Asp Val <210> 418 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 418 Phe Leu Leu Leu Ala Asp Ala Arg Val <210> 419 <211> 13 <2I2> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 419 Gly Leu Arg Asp Leu Ala Val Ala Val Glu Pro Val Val <210> 420 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 420 Ser Leu Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Val SB
<210> 421 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 421 Leu Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Val <210> 422 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 422 Phe Leu Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile His Leu <210> 423 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 423 Ser Leu Tyr Ala Asp Ser Pro Ser Val <210> 424 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 424 Gly Leu Ser Arg Tyr Val Ala Arg Leu <210> 425 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 425 Lys Ile Phe Gly Ser Leu Ala Phe Leu <210> 426 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 426 Glu Leu Val Ser Glu Phe Ser Arg Met <210> 427 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 427 Lys Leu Thr Pro Leu Cys Val Thr Leu <210> 428 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 428 Ser Leu Leu Asn Ala Thr Asp Ile Ala Val <210> 429 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 429 Val Leu Tyr Arg Tyr Gly Ser Phe Ser Val <210> 430 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 430 Tyr Ile Gly Glu Val Leu Val Ser Val <210> 431 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 431 Leu Leu Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly Gly Trp Val <210> 432 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 432 Leu Leu Val Pro Phe Val Gln Trp Phe Trp <210> 433 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 433 Ala Leu Met Pro Leu Tyr Ala Cys Ile <210> 434 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 434 Tyr Leu Val Ala Tyr Gln Aia Thr Val <210> 435 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 435 Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile Cys <210> 436 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 436 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu <210> 437 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 437 Leu Leu Pro Ile Phe Phe Cys Leu Trp Val <210> 438 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<2i3> Hepatitis B virus <400> 438 Tyr Met Asp Asp Val Val Leu Gly Ala <210> 439 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 439 Gly Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile <210> 440 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 440 Leu Leu Ala Leu Leu Ser Cys Leu Thr Ile <210> 441 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 441 Met Leu Asp Leu Gln Pro Glu Thr Thr <210> 442 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 442 Ser Leu Met Ala Phe Thr Ala Ala Val <210> 443 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 443 Cys Ile Asn Gly Val Cys Trp Thr Val <210> 444 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 444 Val Met Asn Ile Leu Leu Gln Tyr Val Val _ ~ WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <210> 445 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 445 Ile Leu Thr Val Ile Leu Gly VaI Leu <210> 446 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 446 Phe Leu Trp Gly Pro Arg Ala Leu Val <210> 447 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 447 Leu Leu Cys Pro Ala Gly His Ala Val <210> 448 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 448 Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu Val <210> 449 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 449 Leu Leu Leu Cys Leu Ile Phe Leu Leu <210> 450 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 450 Leu Ile Asp Tyr Gln Gly Met Leu Pro Val <210> 451 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 451 Ser Ile Val Ser Pro Phe Ile Pro Leu Leu <210> 452 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 452 Phe Leu Leu Thr Arg Ile Leu Thr Ile <210> 453 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 453 His Leu Gly Asn Val Lys Tyr Leu Val <210> 454 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 454 Gly Ile Ala Gly Gly Leu Ala Leu Leu <210> 455 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 455 Ile Leu Ala Gly Tyr Gly Ala Gly Val <210> 456 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 456 Gly Leu Gln Asp Cys Thr Met Leu Val <210> 457 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 457 Thr Gly Ala Pro Val Thr Tyr Ser Thr Tyr <210> 458 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 458 Val Ile Tyr Gln Tyr Met Asp Asp Leu <210> 459 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 459 Val Leu Pro Asp Val Phe Ile Arg Cys Val <210> 460 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 460 Val Leu Pro Asp Val Phe Ile Arg Cys <210> 461 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 461 Ala Val Gly Ile Gly Ile Ala Val Val <210> 462 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 462 Leu Val Val Leu Gly Leu Leu Ala Val <210> 463 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 463 Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Leu Leu Pro Val <210> 464 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> HSV-2 <400> 464 Gly Ala Gly Ile Gly Val Ala Val Leu <210> 465 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Pseudorabies virus <400> 465 Ile Ala Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Ala Ile <210>466 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>Adenovirus <400> 466 Leu Ile Val Ile Gly Ile Leu Ile Leu <210> 467 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> S. lincolnensis <400> 467 Leu Ala Gly Ile Gly Leu Ile Ala Ala <210> 468 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> yeast <400> 468 Val Asp Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Ile <210>469 <211>9 <212>PRT
<213>B. polymyxa <400> 469 Gly Ala Gly Ile Gly Val Leu Thr Ala <210> 470 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli <400> 470 Ala Ala Gly Ile Gly Ile Ile Gln Ile <210> 471 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli <400> 471 Gln A:La Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Leu Ala <210> 472 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 472 Lys Ala Arg Asp Pro His Ser Gly His Phe Val <210> 473 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 473 Lys Ala Cys Asp Pro His Ser Gly His Phe Val <210> 474 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 474 Ala Cys Asp Pro His Ser Gly His Phe Val <210> 475 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 475 Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Val Ala Thr Leu <210> 476 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 476 Glu Leu Val Ser Glu Phe Ser Arg Val <210> 477 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 477 Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile <210> 478 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 478 His Met Trp Asn Phe Ile Ser Gly Ile <210> 479 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human cytomegalovirus <400> 479 Asn Leu Val Pro Met Val Ala Thr Val Gln <210> 480 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 6b <400> 480 <210> 481 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 6b <400> 481 Pro Leu Lys Gln His Phe Gln Ile Val <210> 482 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 482 Leu Leu Asp Phe Val Arg Phe Met Gly Val <210> 483 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 483 Ala Ile Met Glu Lys Asn Ile Met Leu <210> 484 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 484 Tyr Leu Lys Thr Ile Gln Asn Ser Leu <210> 485 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 485 Tyr Leu Asn Lys Ile Gln Asn Ser Leu <210> 486 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 486 Tyr Met Leu Asp Leu Gln Pro Glu Thr Thr <210> 487 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 487 Leu Leu Met Gly Thr Leu Gly Ile Val <210> 4B8 _ ' WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 488 Thr Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile <210> 489 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 489 Thr Leu Thr Ser Cys Asn Thr Ser Val <210> 490 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 490 Lys Leu Pro Gln Leu Cys Thr Glu Leu <210> 491 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 491 Thr Ile His Asp Ile Ile Leu Glu Cys <210> 492 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human papillomavirus type 16 <400> 492 Leu Gly Ile Val Cys Pro Ile Cys Ser <210> 493 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 493 Val Ile Leu Gly Val Leu Leu Leu Ile <210> 494 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Axial Seamount~ polynoid polychaete <400> 494 Ala Leu Met Asp Lys Ser Leu His Val <210> 495 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 495 Gly Ile Leu Thr Val Ile Leu Gly Val <210> 496 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Plasmodium falciparum <400> 496 Met Ile Asn Ala Tyr Leu Asp Lys Leu <210> 497 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 497 Ala Ala Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Val <210> 498 <211> 10 <212> PRT
< 213 ;~ human <400> 498 Phe Leu Pro Ser Asp Phe Phe Pro Ser Val <210> 499 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 499 Ser Val Arg Asp Arg Leu Ala Arg Leu <210> 500 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 500 Phe Ala Tyr Asp Gly Lys Asp Tyr Ile <210> 501 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 501 Ala Leu Leu Ala Val Gly Ala Thr Lys <210> 502 <211:> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 502 Arg Leu Arg Asp Leu Leu Leu Ile Val Thr Arg <210> 503 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 503 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 504 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 504 Thr Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Pro Val Trp Lys <210> 505 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 505 Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Gly Lys Lys Lys <210> 506 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Haemophilus influenzae <400> 506 Ile Leu Arg Gly Ser Val Ala His Lys <210> 507 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 507 Arg Leu Arg Ala Glu Ala Gly Val Lys <210> 508 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 508 Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Pro Val Trp Lys <210> 509 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 509 Arg Val Cys Glu Lys Met Ala Leu Tyr <210> 510 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 510 Lys Ile Phe Ser Glu Val Thr Leu Lys <210> 511 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 511 Tyr Val Asn Val Asn Met Gly Leu Lys <210> 512 <211> 9 <212:> PRT
<213:> EBV
<400:> 512 Ile Val Thr Asp Phe Ser Val Ile Lys <210> 513 <211> 8 <212:> PRT
< 213 :> human <400> 513 Glu Leu Asn Glu Ala Glu Leu Lys <210:> 514 <211:> 9 <212:> PRT
<213:> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400:> 514 Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys <210> 515 <211:> 9 <212:> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400~ 515 Ala Ile Phe Gln Ser Ser Met Thr Lys <210> 516 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213:> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 516 Gln Val Pro Leu Arg Pro Met Thr Tyr Lys _ ~ WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <210> 517 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis C virus <400> 517 Thr Ile Asn Tyr Thr Ile Phe Lys <210> 518 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 c400> 518 Ala Ala Val Asp Leu Ser His Phe Leu Lys Glu Lys <210> 519 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 519 Ala Cys Gln Gly Val Gly Gly Pro Gly Gly His Lys <210> 520 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 520 Ser Tyr Leu Asp Ser Gly Ile His Phe c210> 521 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 521 Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu _ ~ WO 99/02183 PCTNS98/14289 <210> 522 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 522 Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Phe Tyr Ile Leu <210> 523 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 523 Ala Phe Leu Pro Trp His Arg Leu Phe Leu <210> 524 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 524 Ala Phe Leu Pro Trp His Arg Leu Phe <210> 525 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> EBV
<400> 525 Arg Tyr Ser Ile Phe Phe Asp Tyr <210> 526 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 _ ' WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <400> 526 Glu Thr Ile Asn Glu Glu Ala Ala Glu Trp <210> 527 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> Hepatitis B virus <400> 527 Ser Thr Leu Pro Glu Thr Thr Val Val Arg Arg <210> 528 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 528 Met Ser Leu Gln Arg Gln Phe Leu Arg <210> 529 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 529 Leu Leu Pro Gly Gly Arg Pro Tyr Arg <210> 530 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 530 Ile VaI Gly Leu Asn Lys Ile Val Arg <230> 531 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 531 Ala Ala Gly Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Val <210> 532 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 532 Glu Val Asp Pro Ala Ser Asn Thr Tyr <210> 533 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 533 Glu Val Asp Pro Thr Ser Asn Thr Tyr <210> 534 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 534 Glu Ala Asp Pro Thr Ser Asn Thr Tyr <210> 535 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 535 Glu Val Asp Pro Ile Gly His Val Tyr <210> 536 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 536 Met Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Leu Tyr Cys Leu Leu <210> 537 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 537 Met Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Tyr Cys Leu <210> 538 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 538 Ser Glu Ile Trp Arg Asp Ile Asp Phe Ala <210> 539 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 539 Ser Glu Ile Trp Arg Asp Ile Asp Phe <210> 540 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 540 Xaa Glu Ile Trp Arg Asp Ile Asp Phe <210> 541 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 541 Ser Thr Leu Val Glu Val Thr Leu Gly Glu Val <210> 542 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 542 Leu Val Glu Val Thr Leu Gly Glu Val <210> 543 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 543 Val Ile Phe Ser Lys Ala Ser Glu Tyr Leu <210> 544 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 544 Ile Ile Val Leu Ala Ile Ile Ala Ile <210> 545 <211> 11 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 545 Lys Ile Trp Glu Glu Leu Ser Met Leu Glu Val <210> 546 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 546 Leu Ile Glu Thr Ser Tyr Val Lys Val <210> 547 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 547 Phe Leu Trp Gly Pro Arg Ala Leu Val <210> 548 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 548 Thr Leu Val Glu Val Thr Leu Gly Glu Val <210> 549 <211> 10 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 549 Ala Leu Val Glu Thr Ser Tyr Val Lys Val <210> 550 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 550 Lys Ile Trp Glu Glu Leu Ser Val Leu <210> 551 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 551 Glu Val Asp Pro Ile Gly His Leu Tyr <210> 552 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 552 Glu Xaa Asp Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 553 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 553 Glu Ala Asp Pro Thr Gly His Ser Tyr <210> 554 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <400> 554 Glu Ala Asp Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 555 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <400> 555 Glu Ala Asp Pro Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 556 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (5) <223> ala or thr <400> 556 Glu Ala Asp Pro Ile Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 557 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (5) <223> ala or_thr <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (6) <223> ser <400> 557 Glu Ala Asp Pro Ile Gly Xaa Xaa Tyr <210> 558 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (5) <223> ala or thr <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (6) <223> ser <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (7) <223> asn <400> 558 Glu Ala Asp Pro Ile Gly His Xaa Tyr <210> 559 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (2) <223> val <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (5) <223> ala or thr <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (6) <223> ser <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (7) <223> asn <220>
<221> VARIANT
<222> (8) <223> thr or val <400> 559 Glu Ala Asp Pro Ile Gly His Leu Tyr <210> 560 <211> 16 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 560 Glu Leu His Ser Ala Tyr Gly Glu Pro Arg Lys Leu Leu Thr Gln Asp <210> 561 <211> 12 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 561 Glu His Ser Ala Tyr Gly Glu Pro Arg Lys Leu Leu <210> 562 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 562 Ser Ala Tyr Gly Glu Pro Arg Lys Leu <210> 563 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 563 Glu Ala Asp Pro Thr Gly His Ser Tyr <210> 564 <211> 22 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 564 Met Ala Ala Arg Ala Val Phe Leu Ala Leu Ser Ala Gln Leu Leu Gln 1 5 10 i5 Ala Arg Leu Met Lys Glu <210> 565 <211> 16 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 565 Met Ala Ala Arg Ala Val Phe Leu Ala Leu Ser Ala Gln Leu Leu Gln <210> 566 <211> 9 _ ' WO 99/02183 PCT/US98/14289 <212> PRT
<213> human _ <400> 566 Ala Ala Arg Ala Val Phe Leu Ala Leu <210> 567 <211> 8 <212> PRT
<213> human <400> 567 Tyr Arg Pro Arg Pro Arg Arg Tyr <210> 568 <211> .9 <212> PRT
<213> Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <400> 568 Asp Leu Asn Thr Met Leu Asn Thr Val <210> 569 <211> 9 <212> PRT
<213> LCMV
<400> 569 Lys Ala Val Tyr Asn Phe Ala Thr Cys
Claims (38)
1. A method of inducing and/or sustaining an immunological CTL response in a mammal, which method comprises delivering an antigen to the mammal at a level sufficient to induce an immunologic CTL response in the mammal and maintaining the level of the antigen in the mammal's lymphatic system over time sufficient to maintain the immunologic CTL response.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the CTL response is maintained by delivering the antigen directly to the animal's lymphatic system.
3. The method of Claim 2 wherein the CTL response is maintained by delivering the antigen directly to the spleen, a lymph node or lymph vessel.
4. A method of treating a mammal having a disease, or being predisposed to a disease, to which the mammal's immune system mounts a cell-mediated response to a disease-related antigen to attack the disease, which method comprises delivering a disease-matched antigen to the animal at a level sufficient to induce an increased CTL-response in the animal and maintaining the increased CTL-response in the animal by sustained, regular delivery of the disease-matched antigen to the animal for a time sufficient to treat the disease wherein the sustained, regular delivery of the antigen is done in a manner that maintains the level of antigen in the animal's lymphatic system.
5. The method of Claim 4 wherein the disease is cancer.
6. The method of Claim 5 wherein the cancer is malignant melanoma.
7. The method of Claim 4 wherein the disease is an infectious disease.
8. The method of Claim 7 wherein the infectious disease is a viral disease.
9. The method of Claim 4 wherein a single antigen is delivered to the animal.
10. The method of Claim 4 wherein multiple antigens are delivered to the animal.
11. The method of Claim 4 wherein the CTL response is maintained by delivering the antigen directly to the animal's lymphatic system.
12. The method of Claim 11 wherein the CTL response is maintained by delivering the antigen directly to a lymph node or lymph vessel.
13. The method of Claim 12 wherein the antigen is delivered directly to an inguinal or axillary lymph node.
14. The method of Claim 4 wherein the antigen is delivered to the animal by pumping a physiologically-acceptable, composition of the antigen from a device held external of the animal's body through a transmission line and catheter positioned to deliver the antigen-containing composition so that the antigen reaches the animal's lymph system.
15. The method of Claim 4 wherein the antigen is delivered by implanting an implantable, sustained-release pump containing a physiologically-acceptable, composition of the antigen at or near a site of a lymphatic organ or vessel so that the antigen-containing composition is released on a sustained regular basis over time.
16. The method of Claim 15, wherein the pump is an osmotic pump.
17. The method of Claim 4, wherein the disease is cancer and the antigen is a tumor-associated antigen.
18. The method of Claim 17, wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of a differentiation antigen, tumor-specific multilineage antigen, an embryonic antigen, an antigen from an expressed oncogene, an antigen from an expressed mutated tumor-suppressor gene, and a viral antigen.
19. A method according to Claim 17, wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of MART-1/MelanA (MART-1), gp100 (Pmel 17), tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, BAGE, GAGE-1, GAGE-2, p15(58), CEA p53, Ras, HER-2/neu, BCR-ABL, E2A-PRL, H4-RET, IGH-IGK, MYL-RAR, EBVA, (HPV) antigens E6 and E7, TSP-180, MAGE-4, MAGE-5, MAGE-6, RAGE, NY-ESO, p185erbB2, p180erbB-3, c-met, nm-23H1, PSA, TAG-72, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, CAM 17.1, NuMa, K-ras, H-ras, .beta.-Catenin, CDK4, Mum-1, p15, p16.
20. A method according to Claim 4, wherein a cytokine that is capable of enhancing the CTL response is delivered and/or maintained along with the antigen.
21. A method according to Claim 20, wherein the cytokine is GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-2, TNF, IFN.gamma., IL-18, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-10, IL-14, IL-15, G-SCF, IFN
alpha, IFN beta, IFN gamma, TGF alpha, TGF beta.
alpha, IFN beta, IFN gamma, TGF alpha, TGF beta.
22. An article of manufacture for delivering an antigen that induces a CTL
response in an animal, which article comprises a reservoir of a physiologically-acceptable, antigen-containing composition that is capable of inducing a CTL response in an animal, a pump connected to the reservoir to deliver the composition at a defined rate, a transmission line to discharge the composition from the reservoir, and, optionally, a delivery line connected to the transmission line, which delivery line is of a size suitable for positioning in the animal and for delivery of the composition in a manner that reaches the lymphatic system of the animal.
response in an animal, which article comprises a reservoir of a physiologically-acceptable, antigen-containing composition that is capable of inducing a CTL response in an animal, a pump connected to the reservoir to deliver the composition at a defined rate, a transmission line to discharge the composition from the reservoir, and, optionally, a delivery line connected to the transmission line, which delivery line is of a size suitable for positioning in the animal and for delivery of the composition in a manner that reaches the lymphatic system of the animal.
23. The article of Claim 22 wherein the reservoir is removable from the article of manufacture or is refillable.
24. The article of Claim 22 wherein the composition comprises only one antigen.
25. The article of Claim 22 wherein the composition comprises more than one antigen.
26. The article of Claim 22 wherein the composition further comprises a cytokine capable of enhancing a CTL response.
27. The article of Claim 26 wherein the cytokine is GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-2, TNF, IFN.gamma., IL-18, IL-3, IL-4, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-10, IL-14, IL-15, G-SCF, IFN alpha, IFN beta, IFN gamma, TGF alpha, TGF beta.
28. The article of Claim 22 wherein the antigen is a differentiation antigen, a tumor-specific multilineage antigen, an embryonic antigen, an oncogene antigen, a mutated tumor-suppressor gene antigen, or a viral antigen.
29. The article of claim 28 wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of MART-1/MelanA (MART-1), gp100 (Pmel 17), tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, BAGE, GAGE-1, GAGE-2, p15(58), CEA, p53, Ras, HER-2/neu, BCR-ABL, E2A-PRL, H4-RET, IGH-IGK, MYL-RAR, EBVA, (HPV) antigens E6 and E7, TSP-180, MAGE-4, MAGE-5, MAGE-6, RAGE, NY-ESO, p185erbB2, p180erbB-3, c-met, nm-23H1, PSA, TAG-72, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, CAM 17.1, NuMa, K-ras, H-ras, .beta.-Catenin, CDK4, Mum-1, p15, p16.
30. The article of Claim 22 wherein the article is an external device and the delivering line is a catheter that is long enough for delivery to the animal subcutaneously or lymphatically.
31. The article of Claim 30 wherein the catheter is long enough for delivery directly to the lymphatic system of the animal.
32. The article of Claim 31 wherein the delivery to the lymphatic system is through an axillary or inguinal node.
33. The article of Claim 22 that is portable.
34. The article of Claim 33 that is of a size suitable for portably attaching to a human.
35. The article of Claim 22 wherein the pump is a roller/peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, a piston/valve pump, or a gas pressure pump.
36. The article of Claim 22 wherein the pump is battery operated.
37. The article of Claim 22 in combination with printed instructions for delivery of the antigen composition on a regular basis over time to maintain the antigen in the animal's lymphatic system at a level sufficient to maintain a CTL response in the animal.
38. A process for preparing a system useful for inducing a sustained CTL
response in an animal needing such a response, which comprises:
placing a physiologically-acceptable, aqueous, antigen-containing composition in a reservoir having a pump for delivering the composition at a defined rate through a transmission line to the animal.
response in an animal needing such a response, which comprises:
placing a physiologically-acceptable, aqueous, antigen-containing composition in a reservoir having a pump for delivering the composition at a defined rate through a transmission line to the animal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002295964A CA2295964A1 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-07-10 | A method of inducing a ctl response |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2,209,815 | 1997-07-10 | ||
| CA002209815A CA2209815A1 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1997-07-10 | Vaccine method using osmotic pump |
| US98832097A | 1997-12-10 | 1997-12-10 | |
| US08/988,320 | 1997-12-10 | ||
| PCT/US1998/014289 WO1999002183A2 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-07-10 | A method of inducing a ctl response |
| CA002295964A CA2295964A1 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-07-10 | A method of inducing a ctl response |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2295964A1 true CA2295964A1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
Family
ID=31891669
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002295964A Withdrawn CA2295964A1 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-07-10 | A method of inducing a ctl response |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2295964A1 (en) |
-
1998
- 1998-07-10 CA CA002295964A patent/CA2295964A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| AZWI | Withdrawn application |
Effective date: 20140304 |