CA2292604A1 - Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivatives as endothelin antagonists - Google Patents

Abstract

A compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is disclosed, as well as processes for and intermediates in the preparation thereof, and a method of antagonizing endothelin.

Description

PYRROLIDINE CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS ENDOTHELIN ANTAGONISTS
This is a continuation-in-part application of US Serial No. 08/877,187 filed June 17, 1997.
Technical Field The present invention relates to compounds which are endothelia antagonists, processes for making such compounds, synthetic intermediates employed in these processes and methods and compositions for antagonizing endothelia.
Background of the Invention Endothelia {ET) is a 21 amino acid peptide that is produced by endothelial cells. ET is produced by enzymatic cleavage of a Trp-Val bond in the precursor peptide big endothelia {Big ET). This cleavage is caused by an endothelia converting enzyme (ECE). Endothelia has been shown to constrict arteries and veins, increase mean arterial blood pressure, decrease cardiac output, increase cardiac contractility ~yjt~, stimulate mitogenesis in vascular smooth muscle cells in vi r , contract non-vascular smooth muscle including guinea pig trachea, human urinary bladder strips and rat uterus j_n v~,, increase airway resistance 'ur vivo, induce formation of gastric ulcers, stimulate release of atrial natriuretic factor ~yj~
and i-n vivo, increase plasma levels of vasopressin, aldosterone and catecholamines, inhibit release of renin i n vi r and stimulate release of gonadotropins in yes.
It has been shown that vasoconstriction is caused by binding of endothelia to its receptors on vascular smooth muscle (Nature 411 (1988), FEBS Letters ?~1 440 (1988) and Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. ,~,~ 868 (1988)). An agent which suppresses endothelia production or an agent which binds to endothelia or which inhibits the binding of endothelia to an endothelia receptor will produce beneficial effects in a variety of therapeutic areas. In fact, an anti-endothelia antibody has been shown, upon intrarenal infusion, to ameliorate the adverse effects of renal ischemia on renal vascular resistance and glomerular filtration rate (Kon, et al., J. Clin. Invest. $,~ 1762 (1989)). In addition, an anti-endothelia antibody attenuated the nephrotoxic effects of intravenously administered cyclosporin (Kon, et al., Kidney Int. ~7 1487 (1990)) and attenuated infarct size in a coronary artery Clozel et al. (Nature 365: 759-761 (1993)) report that Ro 46-2005, a nonpeptide ET-A/B antagonist, prevents post-ischaemic renal vasoconstriction in rats, prevents the decrease in cerebral blood flow due to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats, and decreases MAP in sodium-depleted squirrel monkeys when dosed orally. A similar effect of a linear tripeptide-like ET-A antagonist, BQ-485, on arterial caliber after SAH has also been recently reported (S.Itoh, T. Sasaki, K. Ide, K.
Ishikawa, M. Nishikibe, and M. Yano, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. , 195: 969-(1993). These results indicate that agents which antagonize ET/ET receptor binding will provide therapeutic benefit in the indicated disease states.
Two structurally related endothelin receptors have been cloned, sequenced and characterized (Hosada, K.; Nakao, K.; Arai, H.; Suga, S.; Ogawa, Y.;
Mukoyama, M.; Shirakami, G.; Saito, Y.; Nakanishi, S.; Imura, H. FEBS Lett.
1991, 187, 23-26: Sakamoto, A.; Yanagisawa, M.; Sakurai, T.; Takuwa, Y.; Yanagisawa, H.; Masaki, T. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991, 178, 656-663). Each binds the three endothelin isopeptides with differing affinities; the ETA
receptor displays affinity for ET-1 and ET-2 over ET-3, while the ETg receptor is non-isopeptide selective. Originally described as a vasodilatory receptor due to its mediation of nitric oxide release (DeNucci,G.; Thomas, R.;
D'Orleans-Juste, P.; Antunes, E.; Walder, C.; Warner, T. D.; Vane, J. R. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 1988, 85, 9797-9800), it is now apparent that the ETg receptor is responsible for a greater diversity of physiologic function. Current research suggests a role for ETg mediated responses in certain disease states including established pulmonary hypertension (McCulloch, K. M.; MacLean, M. R.; J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol.
1995, 26(Suppl. 3), S169-S176), contractile dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (Webb, M. L.; Chao, C.-C.; Rizzo, M.; Shapiro, R. A.; Neubauer, M.; Liu, E. C. K.; Aversa, C. R.; Brittain, R. J.; Treiger, B. Mol. Pharmacol. 1995, 47, 730-737;
Webb, M. L.; Meek, T. D. Med. Res. Rev. 1997, 17, 17-67), myocardial infarction (Vitola, J. V.; Forman, M. B.; Holsinger, J. P.; Kawana, M.; Atkinson, J. B.;
Quertermous, T.; Jackson, E. K.; Murray, J.J. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1996, 28, 774-783), and atherosclerosis (Dagassan, P. H.;
Breu, V.; Clozel, M.; Kunzli, A.; Vogt, P, Turina, M.; Kiowski, Clozel, J. -P.
J.
Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1996, 27, 147-153). Our group has previously reported the discovery of a series of pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids which which bind potently and selectively to the ETA receptor subtype (Winn, M.; von Geldern, T. W.;
Opgenorth, T.
J.; Jae, H. -S.; Tasker, A. S.; Boyd, S. A.; Kester, J. A.; Mantei, R. A.;
Bal, R. B.;
Sorensen, B. K.; Wu-Wong, J. R.; Chiou, W. J.; Dixon, D. B.; Novosad, E. L;

Hernandez, L.; Marsh, K. C. J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 1039-1048). The compounds claimed in the current invention differ from those previously described and are unique in that they bind potently and selectively to the ETg subtype, blocking the - actions of the endothelins on these receptors. As such, they may find utility in the treatment of diseases that are mediated by the ETg receptor.
Disclosure of the Invention In accordance with the present invention there are compounds of the formula (I):
Ra R1 ~N
~R

wherein R is -(CH2)m-W wherein m is an integer from 0 to 6 and W is (a) -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, (b) -POgH2, (c) -P(O)(OH)E wherein E is hydrogen, loweralkyl or arylalkyl, (d) -CN, (e) -C{O)NHR1~ wherein R17 is loweralkyl, (f) alkylaminocarbonyl, (g) dialkylaminocarbonyl, (h) tetrazolyl, (i) hydroxy, {j) alkoxy, (k) sulfonamido, (() -C{O)NHS(O)2R~g wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl, aryl or dialkylamina, (m) -S(O)2NHC(O)R16 wherein R16 is defined as above, NH
(n) O , sS' o (o) Ho 0 OH
~N
r (p) o , O
- NH
(q) O
.~~ Nw O
N
~~H
(r) O
N~ O
~S= O
N
(S) H , ~~ N
~~ CFa N
(t) H , Or ' ~ ~ NHSOpCF3 (U) R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, foweralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyafkyl, thioalkoxyalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkenyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, hydroxyalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxyalkyl, heterocyclic, (heterocyclic)alkyl and (Raa)(Rbb)N-Rcc' wherein Raa is aryl or arylalkyl, Rbb is hydrogen or alkanoyl and R~~ is alkylene, with the proviso that one or both of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen;
R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- or R6-S(O)2-R~- wherein R5 is (i) a covalent bond, (ii) alkylene, (iii) alkenylene, (iv) -N(R2p)-R8- or -R$a N(R2o)-R$- wherein Rg and R8a are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene and alkenylene;
and R2p is hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, cyicoalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl or (v) -O-R9- or -R9a-O-R9- wherein R9 and R9a are independently selected from alkylene;
- R~ is (i) a covalent bond, (ii) alkylene, (iii) alkenylene or (iv) -N(R21)-Rip- or 5 -R~oa-N(R21)-R10- wherein Rip and Rloa are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene and alkenylene and R21 is hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;
wherein R4 and R6 are R13~ H
R 14 ~~ ~ N\

(i) R12 , wherein Rte and Rt2 are independently selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl, cyano, aikoxy, halo, haloalkyl and phenyl and R~3, R~4, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, vitro, alkyisuffonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano; or (ii) heterocyclic(amino), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (II) Ra R1 ~N
rrrr R

(II) wherein the substituents -R2, -R and -Rt exist in a trans,trans relationship and R, Rt, R2, and R3 are as defined above.
A more preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (() or (II) wherein R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined above and R5 is alkylene or R3 is R6-S(O)2-R7- wherein R~ is alkylene and Rg is defined as above.
An even more preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of - formula (I) or (II) wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein. G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group or R is tetrazolyl or R is -C(O)-NHS(O)2R~6 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl -30 or aryl, R1 and R2 are independently selected from s (i) loweralkyl, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) substituted and unsubstituted aryl, and (iv) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic, and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined above and R5 is alkylene or Rg is Rg-S(O)2-R~- wherein R~ is alkyiene and R6 is defined as above.
A yet more preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula {I) or (II) wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C{O)-NHS{O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl or aryl, R1 is (i) alkoxyalkyi, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) phenyl, (iv) pyridyl, (v) furanyl or (vi) substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, 8-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined above and R5 is alkylene or R3 is R6-S(O)2-R~- wherein R~ is alkylene and Rg is defined as above.
Another yet more preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (I) or (II) wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C(O)-NHS(O)2R~6 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl or aryl, R1 is (i) alkoxyalkyl, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) phenyl, (iv) pyridyl, (v) furanyl or (vi) substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 2-ffuorophenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-{2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, 8-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyi, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined above and R5 is alkylene.

A still more preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (I) or (II} wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C(O}-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl or haloalkyl, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-RS- wherein R4 is as defined above and R5 is alkylene.
A most highly preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (I) or (II) wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy}phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, afkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is R»
Rya\-H
Rya \~ ~ N\
R~5 R~2 wherein R11 and R~2 are independently selected from loweralkyl, and R~3, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, vitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is alkylene.

A most highly preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formats (I) or (II) wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyf or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 1 o is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is R»
R~3~ H
_/
Rya ~\ ~ N\
R~5 Rt2 wherein R1~ and R~2 are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, alkoxy and halo, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, vitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is alkylene.
Another most highly preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (I) or (II) wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyt, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is R»
R~3 _/ H
Rya \\ ~ N\
R~s R~2 wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyciic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is alkylene.
Another most highly preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (I) or (ll) wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fiuorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 7 ,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is R»
R13~ H
_/
Rya \\ ~ N\
R ~~
Rt2 wherein R11 and R~2 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl, and R~3, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, vitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is methylene.
The present invention also relates to processes for preparing the compounds of formula (I) and (II) and to the synthetic intermediates employed in these processes.

The present invention also relates to a method of antagonizing endothelia in a mammal (preferably a human) in need of such treatment, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or (If).
The invention further relates to endothefin antagonizing compositions 5 comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or (II).
The compounds of the invention comprise two or more asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms. As a result, racemic mixtures, mixtures of diastereomers, as well as single diastereomers of the compounds of the invention are included in the 10 present invention. The terms "S" and "R" configuration are as defined by the IUPAC
1974 Recommendations for Section E, Fundamental Stereochemistry, Pure Appl.
Chem. (1976) 45, 13 - 30.
The term "carboxy protecting group" as used herein refers to a carboxylic acid protecting ester group employed to block or protect the carboxylic acid functionality 75 while the reactions involving other functional sites of the compound are carried out.
Carboxy protecting groups are disclosed in Greene, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis" pp. 152-186 (1981 ), which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. In addition, a carboxy protecting group can be used as a prodrug whereby the carboxy protecting group can be readily cleaved in vivo , for example by enzymatic hydrolysis, to release the biologically active parent. T. Higuchi and V. Stella provide a thorough discussion of the prodrug concept in "Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems", Vol 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, American Chemical Society (1975), which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Such carboxy protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art, having been extensively used in the protection of carboxyl groups in the penicillin and cephalosporin fields, as described in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,840,556 and 3,719,667, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Examples of esters useful as prodrugs for compounds containing carboxyl groups can be found on pages 14-21 of "Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design: Theory and Application", edited by E.B. Roche, Pergamon Press, New York (1987), which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Representative carboxy protecting groups are C~ to Cg alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl or tertiary butyl and the like); haloalkyl; alkenyl; cycloalkyl and substituted derivatives thereof such as cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl and the like; cycioalkylalkyl and substituted derivatives thereof such as cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl and the like; arylalkyl, for example, phenethyl or benzyf and substituted derivatives thereof such as alkoxybenzyl or nitrobenzyl groups and the like; arylalkenyl, for example, phenylethenyl and the like; aryl and substituted derivatives thereof, for example, 5-indanyl and the like; dialkylaminoalkyl (e.g., dimethylaminoethyl and the like);
alkanoyloxyalkyl groups such as acetoxymethyl, butyryloxymethyl, valeryloxymethyi, isobutyryloxymethyl, isovaleryloxymethyl, 1-(propionyfoxy)-1-ethyl, 1-(pivaloyloxyl)-1--ethyl, 1-methyl-1-{propionyloxy}-1-ethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, propionyloxymethyl and the like; cycloalkanoyloxyalkyl groups such as cyclopropylcarbonyloxymethyl, cyclobutylcarbonyloxymethyl, cyclopentylcarbonyloxymethyl, cyclohexylcarbonyloxymethyl and the like; aroyloxyalkyl, such as benzoyloxymethyl, benzoyloxyethyl and the like; arylalkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, such as benzylcarbonyloxymethyl, 2-benzylcarbonyloxyethyl and the like;
alkoxycarbonylalkyl, such as methoxycarbonylmethyl, cyclohexyloxycarbonylmethyl, 1-methoxycarbonyl-1-ethyl, and the like; alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, such as methoxycarbonyloxymethyl, t-butyloxycarbonyloxymethyl, 1-ethoxycarbonyloxy-1-ethyl, 1-cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy-1-ethyl and the like; alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, such as t-butyloxycarbonylaminomethyl and the like; alkylaminocarbonylaminoaikyl, such as methylaminocarbonylaminomethyl and the like; alkanoylaminoalkyl, such as acetylaminomethyl and the like; heterocycliccarbonyloxyalkyl, such as 4-methylpiperazinylcarbonyloxymethyl and the like; dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl, such as dimethylaminocarbonylmethyl, diethylaminocarbonylmethyl and the like; (5-(loweralkyl)-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)alkyl, such as (5-t-butyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl and the like; and {5-phenyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)alkyl, such as (5-phenyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl and the like.
The term "N-protecting group" or "N-protected" as used herein refers to those groups intended to protect the N-terminus of an amino acid or peptide or to protect an amino group against undersirable reactions during synthetic procedures.
Commonly used N-protecting groups are disclosed in Greene, "Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis," (John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981 )), which is hereby incorporated by reference. N-protecting groups comprise acyl groups such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, pivaloyl, t-butylacetyl, 2-chioroacetyl, 2-bromoacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, phthaiyl, o-nitrophenoxyacetyl, a-chlorobutyryl, benzoyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl, 4-bromobenzoyl, 4-nitrobenzoyl, and the like; sulfonyl groups such as benzenesulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl and the like; carbamate forming groups such as benzyloxycarbonyl, p-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyfoxycarbonyl, 3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,4-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-vitro-4,5-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 1-(p-biphenylyl)-1-methylethoxycarbonyl, a,a-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, benzhydryloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl, diisopropylmethoxycarbonyl, isopropyloxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, 2,2,2,-trichioroethoxycarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl, 4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl, fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl, cyclopentyloxycarbonyl, adamantyloxycarbonyl, cyclohexyloxycarbonyl, phenylthiocarbonyl and the like; alkyl groups such as benzyl, triphenylmethyl, benzyloxymethyl and the like; and silyl groups such as trimethylsilyl and the like. Preferred N-protecting groups are formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, pivaloyl, t-butylacetyl, phenylsulfonyl, benzyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) and benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz).
The term "alkanoyl" as used herein refers to an alkyl group as defined herein appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl (-C(O)-) group.
Examples of alkanoyl include acetyl, propionyl and the like.
The term "alkanoylamino" as used herein refers to an alkanoyl group as previously defined appended to an amino group. Examples alkanoylamino include acetamido, propionamido and the like.
The term "alkanoylaminoalkyl" as used herein refers to R43-NH-R44- wherein R43 is an alkanoyl group and R44 is an alkylene group.
The term "alkanoyloxyalkyl" as used herein refers to R3o-O-R31- wherein R3o is an alkanoyl group and R3t is an alkylene group. Examples of alkanoyloxyalkyl include acetoxymethyl, acetoxyethyl and the like.
The term "alkenyl" as used herein refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 15 carbon atoms and also containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Alkenyi groups include, for example, vinyl (ethenyl}, allyl (propenyl), butenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl and the like.
The term "alkenylene" denotes a divalent group derived from a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing from 2 to 15 carbon atoms and also containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Examples of alkenylene include -CH=CH-, -CH2CH=CH-, -C(CHg)=CH-, -CH2CH=CHCH2-, and the like.
The term "alkenyloxy" as used herein refers to an alkenyl group, as previously defined, connected to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen (-O-) linkage.
Examples of alkenyloxy include allyloxy, butenyloxy and the like.
The term "alkoxy" as used herein refers to 8420- wherein R42 is a loweralkyl group, as defined herein. Examples of alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, iso-butoxy, tert-butoxy, and the like.

The term "alkoxyalkoxy" as used herein refers to R8o0-R8~0- wherein R8a is loweralkyl as defined above and R8~ is alkylene. Representative examples of alkoxyaikoxy groups include methoxymethoxy, ethoxymethoxy, t-butoxymefhoxy and the like.
The term "alkoxyalkoxyalkoxy" as used herein refers to 8820-8830-Rg40-wherein R82 is loweralkyl as defined above and Rg3 and Rg4 are alkylene.
Representative examples of alkoxyalkoxyalkoxy groups include methoxyethoxymethoxy, ethoxymethoxymethoxy, t-butoxymethoxymethoxy and the like.
The term "(alkoxyalkyl)sulfonyl" as used herein refers to Rg5-O-Rg6-S(O)2-, wherein Rg5 is loweralkyl and Rgg is alkylene.
The term "alkoxyalkoxyalkyl" as used herein refers to an alkoxyalkoxy group as previously defined appended to an alkyl radical. Representative examples of alkoxyalkoxyalkyl groups include methoxyethoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, and the like.
The term "alkoxyalkyl" as used herein refers to an alkoxy group as previously defined appended to an alkyl radical as previously defined. Examples of alkoxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, isopropoxymethyl and the like.
The term "alkoxycarbonyl" as used herein refers to an alkoxyl group as previously defined appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. Examples of alkoxycarbonyl include rnethoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl and the like.
The term "alkoxycarbonylalkenyl" as used herein refers to an alkoxycarbonyl group as previously defined appended to an alkenyl radical. Examples of alkoxycarbonylalkenyl include methoxycarbonylethenyl, ethoxycarbonylethenyl and the like.
The term "alkoxycarbonylalkyl" as used herein refers to R34-C(O)-Rg5- wherein Rg4 is an alkoxy group and R35 is an alkylene group. Examples of alkoxycarbonylalkyl include methoxycarbonylmethyl, methoxycarbonylethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl and the like.
The term "alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl" as used herein refers to Rg8-C(O}-NH-R39- wherein R38 is an alkoxy group and R39 is an alkylene group.
Examples of alkoxycarbonyfaminoalkyl include methoxycarbonylaminoethyl and the like.

The term "aikoxycarbonyloxyalkyl" as used herein refers to R36-C(O)-O-R3~_ wherein Rgg is an alkoxy group and R3~ is an alkylene group. Examples of alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl include (ethoxycarbonyloxy}methyl and the like.
The term "(alkoxycarbonyl)thioalkoxy" as used herein refers to an alkoxycarbonyl group as previously defined appended to a thioalkoxy radical.
Examples of (alkoxycarbonyl)thioalkoxy include methoxycarbonylthiomethoxy, ethoxycarbonylthiomethoxy and the like.
The terms "alkyl" and "loweralkyl" as used herein refer to straight or branched chain alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 15 carbon atoms including, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl and the like.
The term "alkyiamino" as used herein refers to R51NH- wherein R51 is a loweralkyl group, for example, ethylamino, butyfamino, and the like.
The term "(alkylamino)alkoxy" as used herein refers R52NH-R53-O- wherein R52 is loweralkyl and R53 is alkylene.
The term "alkylaminocarbonyl" as used herein refers to an alkylamino group, as previously defined, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl (-C(O)-) linkage. Examples of alkylaminocarbonyl include methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl and the like.
The term "alkylaminocarbonylalkenyl" as used herein refers to an alkenyl radical to which is appended an alkylaminocarbonyl group.
The term "alkylarninocarbonylalkyl" as used herein refers to a loweralkyi radical to which is appended an alkylaminocarbonyl group.
The term "alkylaminocarbonylaminoalkyl" as used herein refers to R4p-C(O)-NH-R41- wherein R4p is an alkylamino group and R41 is an alkylene group.
The term "alkylene" denotes a divalent group derived from a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms by the removal of two hydrogen atoms, for example -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -CH(CH3}-, -CH2CH2CH2-, -CH2C(CH3)2CH2- and the like.
The term "alkylsulfonyl" refers to an alkyl group appended to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group -S(O)2-. Examples of alkyisulfonyl include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl and the like.
The term "(alkylsulfonyl)amino" as used herein refers to an alkyl group as previously defined appended to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonylamino {-S(O)2-NH-) group. Examples of (alkylsulfonyl)amino include methylsulfonylamino, ethylsulfonylamino, isopropylsulfonylamino and the like.
The term "(alkylsulfonyl)alkoxy" as used herein refers to an alkylsulfonyl group . as previously defined appended to the parent molecular moiety through a alkoxy 5 group. Examples of (alkylsulfonyl)alkoxy include methylsulfonylmethoxy, ethylsulfonylethoxy, isopropylsulfonylisopropoxy and the like.
The term "(alkylthio)alkoxy" as used herein refers to R54-S-R55-O-, wherein RSq. is loweralkyl and R55 is alkylene.
The term "alkynyl" as used herein refers to a straight or branched chain 10 hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 15 carbon atoms and also containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Examples of alkynyl include -C--_C-H, H-C--_C-CH2-, H-C-_-C-CH(CHg)-, CH3-C= C-CH2-, and the like.
The term "aminocarbonyl" as used herein refers to H2N-C(O)- .
The term "aminocarbonylalkenyl" as used herein refers to an alkenyl radical to 15 which is appended an aminocarbonyl (NH2C(O)-) group.
The term "aminocarbonylalkoxy" as used herein refers to H2N-C(O)-appended to an alkoxy group as previously defined. Examples of aminocarbonylalkoxy include aminocarbonylmethoxy, aminocarbonylethoxy and the like.
The term "aminocarbonyialkyl" as used herein refers to a loweralkyl radical to which is appended an aminocarbonyl (NH2C(O)-) group.
The term "aroyloxyalkyl" as used herein refers to R32-C(O)-O-R33- wherein R32 is an aryl group and R33 is an alkylene group. Examples of aroyloxyalkyi include benzoyloxymethyi, benzoyloxyethyl and the like.
The term "aryl" as used herein refers to a mono- or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic rings including, but not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, indenyl and the like. Aryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently selected from loweralkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkoxy, (cycloalkyl)alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, (alkylamino)alkoxy, (alkylthio)alkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkenyl, (alkoxycarbonyl)thioalkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (diaikylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkoxy, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyialkoxy, alkanoylamino, arylalkoxy, aryloxy, mercapto, cyano, vitro, carboxaldehyde, carboxy, carboxyalkenyl, carboxyaikoxy, carboxamide, alkylsulfonyl, (alkylsulfonyl)amino, (alkylsulfonyl)alkoxy, (alkoxyalkyl)sulfonyl, cyanoalkoxy, (heterocyclic)alkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxalkoxy, phenyl and tetrazolylalkoxy. In addition, substituted aryl groups include tetrafluorophenyl and pentafluorophenyl.
The term."arylalkenyl" as used herein refers to an alkenyl radical to which is appended an aryl group, for example, phenylethenyl and the like.
The term "arylalkoxy" as used herein refers to 8450- wherein R45 is an arylalkyl group, for example, benzyloxy, and the like.
The term "arylalkoxyalkyl" as used herein refers to a loweralkyl radical to which is appended an arylalkoxy group, for example, benzyloxymethyl and the like.
The term "arylalkyl" as used herein refers to an aryl group as previously defined, appended to a loweralkyl radical, for example, benzyl and the like.
The term "aryloxy" as used herein refers to R46O- wherein R46 is an aryl group, for example, phenoxy, and the like.
The term "arylalkylcarbonyloxy" as used herein refers to a R62C(O)O- wherein R62 is an arylalkyl group.
The term "arylalkylcarbonyloxyalkyl" as used herein refers to a loweralkyl radical to which is appended an arylalkylcarbonyioxy group.
The term "aryloxyalkyl" refers to an aryloxy group as previously defined appended to an alkyl radical. Examples of aryloxyalkyl include phenoxymethyl, phenoxyethyl and the like.
The term "carboxaldehyde" as used herein refers to a formaldehyde radical, -C(O)H.
The term "carboxamide" as used herein refers to NH2-C(O)-.
The term "carboxy" as used herein refers to a carboxylic acid radical, -C(O)OH.
The term "carboxyalkenyl" as used herein refers to a carboxy group as previously defined appended to an alkenyl radical as previously defined.
Examples of carboxyalkenyl include 2-carboxyethenyl, 3-carboxy-1-propenyl and the like.
The term "carboxyalkoxy" as used herein refers to a carboxy group as previously defined appended to an alkoxy radical as previously defined.
Examples of carboxyalkoxy include carboxymethoxy, carboxyethoxy and the like.
The term "cyanoalkoxy" as used herein refers to an alkoxy radical as previously defined to which is appended a cyano (-CN) group. Examples of cyanoalkoxy include 3-cyanopropoxy, 4-cyanobutoxy and the like.
The term "cycloalkanoyloxy" as used herein refers to Rso-C(O)-O- wherein Rgo is a cycloalkyl group.
The term "cycloalkanoyloxyalkyl" as used herein refers to a loweralkyl radical to which is appended a cycloalkanoyioxy group.

The term "cycloalkyl" as used herein refers to an aliphatic ring system having to 10 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 rings including, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl, adamantyl, and the like. Cycloalkyl groups carp he unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently selected from loweralkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxy, halo, mercapto, vitro, carboxaldehyde, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl and carboxamide.
The term "cycloalkyloxy" herein refers Rg1-O- wherein Rg1 is a cycloalkyl group. Examples of cycloalkyloxy include cyclohexyloxy and the like.
The term "(cycloalkyl)alkoxy" herein Rg3-R64-O- wherein Rg3 is a cycloalkyl as defined above and is appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy radical wherein Rg4 is an alkylene group. Examples of (cycloalkyl)alkoxy include (cyclopropyl)ethoxy and the like.
The term "cycloalkylalkyl" as used herein refers to a cycloalkyl group appended to a loweralkyl radical, including but not limited to cyclohexylmethyl.
The term "dialkylamino" as used herein refers to (R56)(Rs~)N- wherein R56 and R5~ are independently selected from loweralkyl, for example diethylamino, methyl propylamino, and the like.
The term "(dialkylamino)alkyl" as used herein refers to a loweralkyl radical to which is appended a dialkylamino group.
The term "(dialkylamino)alkoxy" as used herein refers to an alkoxy radical to which is appended a dialkylamino group.
The term "dialkylaminocarbonyl" as used herein refers to a dialkylamino group, as previously defined, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl (-C(O)-) linkage. Examples of dialkylaminocarbonyl include dimethylaminocarbonyl, diethylaminocarbonyl and the like.
The term "dialkylaminocarbonylalkenyl" as used herein refers to an alkenyl radical to which is appended a dialkylaminocarbonyl group.
The term "dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl" as used herein refers to R58-C(O)-R59-wherein R58 is a dialkylamino group and R59 is an alkylene group.
The term "halo" or "halogen" as used herein refers to I, Br, CI or F.
The term "haloalkenyl" as used herein refers to an alkenyl radical to which is appended at least one halogen substituent.
The term "haloalkoxy" as used herein refers to an alkoxy radical as defined above, bearing at least one halogen substituent, for example, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy and the like.
The term "haloalkoxyalkyl" as used herein refers to a loweralkyl radical to which is appended a haloalkoxy group.
The term "haloalkyl" as used herein refers to a lower alkyl radical, as defined above, to which is appended at least one halogen substituent, for example, chloromethyl, fluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl and the like.
The term "heterocyclic ring" or "heterocyclic" or "heterocycle" as used herein refers to any 3- or 4-membered ring containing a heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; or a 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring containing one, two or three nitrogen atoms; one oxygen atom; one sulfur atom; one nitrogen and one sulfur atom;
one nitrogen and one oxygen atom; two oxygen atoms in non-adjacent positions;
one oxygen and one sulfur atom in non-adjacent positions; or two sulfur atoms in non-adjacent positions. The 5-membered ring has 0-2 double bonds and the 6- and 7-membered rings have 0-3 double bonds. The nitrogen heteroatoms can be optionally quaternized. The terms "heterocyclic" or "heterocycle" also includes bicyclic groups in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring or a cycloalkane ring or another heterocyclic ring (for example, indolyl, dihydroindolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, decahydroquinolyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl or benzothienyl and the like). Heterocyclics include: aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyridyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorphofinyl, thiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, oxetanyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thienyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidyl and benzothienyl.
x' i.
Heterocyclics also include compounds of the formula / ~ where X* is -CH2- or -O- and Y* is -C(O)- or j-C(R")2-]~ where R" is hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl and v is 1, 2 or 3 such as 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl and the like.
Heterocycfics also include bicyclic rings such as quinuclidinyl and the like.
Heterocyclics can be unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted, or trisubstituted with substituents independently selected from hydroxy, halo, oxo (=O}, alkylimino (R*N= wherein R* is a loweralkyl group}, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, phenyl, arylalkyl, -COOH, -S03H, alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano and Ioweralkyl. In addition, nitrogen containing heterocycles can be N-protected.
The term "(heterocyclic)alkoxy" as used herein refers to a heterocyclic group as defined above appended to an alkoxy radical as defined above. Examples of (heterocyclic)alkoxy include 4-pyridylmethoxy, 2-pyridyimethoxy and the like.
The term "(heterocyclic)alkyl" as used herein refers to a heterocyclic group as defined above appended to a loweralkyl radical as defined above. Examples of (heterocyclic)alkyl include 2-pyridylmethyl and the like.
The term "heterocyclic(amino)" refers to R77_NH- wherein R77 is an aromatic heterocyclic group as defined above which is appended to an amino group. The aromatic heterocycle is substituted with substituents R75 and R76 which are both bonded to the atoms of the aromatic heterocycle which are directly adjacent to the nitrogen. R75 and R7g are substituents independently selected from hydroxy, halo, oxo (=O), alkylimino (R*N= wherein R* is a loweralkyl group), amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, phenyl, arylalkyl, -COOH, -S03H, alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano and loweralkyl . The aromatic heterocycle may also be optionally substituted with a third substituent which is selected from the group hydroxy, halo, oxo (=O), alkylimino (R*N= wherein R*
is a loweralkyl group), amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, phenyl, arylalkyl, -COOH, -S03H, alkoxycarbonyl, vitro, cyano and loweraikyl. Examples of heterocyclic(amino) include 2,4-diethylpyridine-3-amino, 2,4-diethylthiophene-3-amino, 2,4-diethylpyridine-2-amino, and the like.
The term "heterocycliccarbonyloxyalkyl" as used herein refers to R47-C(O)-O-R4$- wherein R47 is a heterocyciic group and R4$ is an alkylene group.
The term "hydroxy" as used herein refers to -OH.
The term "hydroxyaikenyl" as used herein refers to an afkenyl radical to which is appended a hydroxy group.
The term "hydroxyalkoxy" as used herein refers to an alkoxy radical as previously defined to which is appended a hydroxy (-OH) group. Examples of hydroxyalkoxy include 3-hydroxypropoxy, 4-hydroxybutoxy and the like.
The term "hydroxyalkyl" as used herein refers to a loweralkyl radical to which is appended a hydroxy group.
The term "mercapto" as used herein refers to -SH.
The terms "methylenedioxy" and "ethylenedioxy" refer to one or two carbon chains respectively attached to the parent molecular moiety through two oxygen atoms. In the case of methylenedioxy, a fused 5 membered ring is formed. In the case of ethylenedioxy, a fused 6 membered ring is formed. Methylenedioxy substituted on a phenyl ring results in the formation of a benzodioxolyl radical. . Ethyienedioxy substituted on a phenyl ring results in the 5 formation of a benzodioxanyl radical o The term "substantially pure" as used herein means 90% or more of the specified compound.
The term "tetrazolyl" as used herein refers to a radical of the formula H
1~-- N
~,-~.~,N
or a tautomer thereof.
10 The term "tetrazolylalkoxy" as used herein refers to a tetrazolyl radical as defined above appended to an alkoxy group as defined above. Examples of tetrazolylalkoxy include tetrazolylmethoxy, tetrazofylethoxy and the like.
The term "thioalkoxy" as used herein refers to R~eS- wherein R7o is loweralkyl.
Examples of thioalkoxy include, but are not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio and the 15 like.
The term "thioalkoxyalkoxy" as used herein refers to R~1 S-R~20- wherein R~~
is loweralkyl as defined above and R72 is alkylene. Representative examples of thioalkoxyalkoxy groups include CH3SCH20-, CH3CH2SCH20-, t-BuSCH20- and the like.
20 The term "thioafkoxyalkoxyalkyl" as used herein refers to a thioalkoxyalkoxy group appended to an alkyl radical. Representative examples of thioalkoxyalkoxyalkyl groups include CH3SCH2CHZOCH2CH2-, CH3SCH20CH2-, and the like.
The term "trans,trans" as used herein refers to the orientation of substituents R2 N~ Rs R'~,.
(Ri and R2) relative to the central substituent R as shown R' The term "trans,cis"as used herein refers to the orientation of substituents (R1 R2.... N ~ Rs R'~~.
and R2) relative to the central substituent R as shown R' R21~~N ~ Rs .\.
R. R ~
or . This definition encompasses both the case where R and R2 are cis and R and R1 are traps and the case where R2 and R are traps and R and R1 are Cis.
The term "cis,cis" as used herein refers to the orientation of substituents (R1 and R2) relative to the central substituent R as shown RZ ~.,,~N ~ Rs R' R
Representative compounds of the invention include:
trans,trans- 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1~-((2,4,8-trimethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,4,6-trimethyl}phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-({2,4,6-trimethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-{1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-Propoxyphenyl}-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps.traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl}-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl}-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6 diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyi)-4-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{(2,6-diethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl}-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-i ,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyi)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-{4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-dibromo)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R, 3R,4S]2-{4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{{2,6-dimethoxy)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrroiidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((4-bromo-2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-{1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2-ethyl-6-methyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-{4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl}-1-((2,4,6-triethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, j2R,3R,4SJ2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diisopropyl)phenyiaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps, traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl-4-methyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, j2R,3R,4Sj-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((4-carboxy-2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((4-vitro-2,6 diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2-isopropyl-6-methyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl}-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-(2-ethyl-6-methoxy)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps, traps-2-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)-4-( 1,3-benzodioxo I-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-{2-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R,3R,4S]-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2, 6-diethylphenylaminocarbonyimethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R,3R,4S]-2-(4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2, 6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-{4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Preferred compounds of the invention are selected from the group consisting of:
traps,traps-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl}-1-{{2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
traps,traps-2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
traps,traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
traps,traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl}-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
traps,traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
traps,traps-2-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl}-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
traps,traps-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
traps,traps-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid traps,traps-2-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
[2R,3R,4S]2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R,3R,4Sj2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid; and [2 R,3 R,4S]-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-{ 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps, traps-2-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(2-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6 diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonyimethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R,3R,4S]-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2, 6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R,3R,4S]-2-(4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yi)-1-(2, 6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps, traps-2-(4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-i -(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonyimethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Most preferred are the compounds:
traps,traps-2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-{1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
[2R,3R,4S]2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
[2R,3R,45']2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{N-(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonyimethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid; and [2 R,3 R, 4S]-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-( 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
traps,traps-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy))-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps,traps-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, traps, traps-2-(4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, (2R,3R,4S]-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2, 6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, 5 [2R,3R,4S]-2-{4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2, 6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, - traps,traps-2-{4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Methods for preparing the compounds of the invention are shown in Schemes I-VII.
Scheme I illustrates the general procedure for preparing the compounds of the invention when m is 0 and W is -C02H. A [3-ketoester 1_, where E is loweralkyl or a carboxy protecting group, is reacted with a nitro vinyl compound 2_, in the presence of a base (for example, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or sodium ethoxide or sodium hydride and the like) in an inert solvent such as toluene, benzene, tetrahydrofuran or ethanol and the like. The condensation product ~ is reduced (for example, by hydrogenation using a Raney nickel or platinum catalyst). The resulting amine cyclizes to give the dihydro pyrrole 4. Reduction of 4 {for example, sodium cyanoborohydride or catalytic hydrogenation and the like) in THF solvent or the like gives the pyrrolidine compound 5_ as a mixture of cis-cis, trans,trans and cis,trans products. Chromatographic separation removes the cis-cis isomer leaving a mixture of the trans,trans and cis,trans isomers which is further elaborated. The cis-cis isomer can be epimerized (for example, using sodium ethoxide in ethanol or DBU
in toluene) to give the trans,trans isomer and then carried on as described below. The pyrrolidine nitrogen is (1 ) acylated or sulfonylated with R3-X (R3 is R4-C(O)-or R6-S(O)2- and X is a leaving group such as a halide (CI is preferred) or X
taken together with R4-C(O)- or R6-S(O)2- forms an activated ester including esters or anhydrides derived from formic acid, acetic acid and the like, aikoxycarbonyl halides, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, N-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxy-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxamide, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and the like) or (2) alkylated with R3-X where X is a leaving group (for example, X is a halide (for example, CI, Br or I) or X is a leaving group such as a sulfonate (for example, mesylate, tosylate, triflate and the like)) in the presence of a base such as diisopropyl ethylamine or triethylamine and the like to give the N-derivatized pyrrolidine f which is still a mixture of trans,trans and cis,trans isomers. Hydrolysis of the ester ~ (for example, using a base such a sodium hydroxide in EtOH/H20) selectively hydrolyzes the trans,trans ester to give a mixture of 7 and 8_, which are readily separated.
Many of the [3-ketoester starting materials employed in the preparation of the compounds of the present invention are commercially available. They may also be prepared using the methods indicated in Scheme VIII. In the method of Scheme VIII(a), an aromatic, heteroaromatic, or a- quarternary methyl ketone is deprotonated (e.g., with sodium hydride or lithium diisopropylamide) and treated with a reagent capable of transferring a carboalkoxy group (e.g., diethyl carbonate, methyl chioroformate, or di-tert-butyldicarbonate). Alternatively, as shown in Scheme VIII(b), a carboxylic acid may be activated (e.g., with carbonyldiimidazole or oxalyl chloride) and treated with an acetate equivalent (e.g., ethyl lithioacetate, magnesium methylmalonate, or Meldrum's acid followed by thermal alcoholysis).
A preferred embodiment is shown in Schemes II and III. A benzoyf acetate such as 26 or 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzoyl acetate is reacted with a vitro vinyl benzodioxolyl compound 27 using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-eve (DBU) as the base in toluene to give compound 28. Catalytic hydrogenation using Raney nickel leads to reduction of the vitro group to an amine and subsequent cyclization to give the dihydropyrrole 29. The double bond is reduced with sodium cyanoborohydride to give the pyrrolidine compound 30 as a mixture of cis-cis, trans,trans and cis,trans 2o isomers. Chromatography separates the cis-cis isomer, leaving a mixture of the trans,trans and cis,trans isomers (31 ).
Scheme III illustrates the further elaboration of the trans,trans isomer. The mixture (31) of trans,trans and cis,trans pyrrolidines described in Scheme IV
is reacted with Br-CH2C(O)NHR4 in acetonitrile in the presence of ethyldiisopropylamine to give the alkylated pyrrolidine compound 32, still as a mixture of trans,trans and cis,trans isomers. Sodium hydroxide in ethanol-water hydrolyzes the ethyl ester of the trans,trans compound but leaves the ethyl ester of the cis,trans compound untouched, thus allowing separation of the trans,trans carboxylic acid 33 from the cis,trans ester 34.
Scheme IV illustrates the preparation of compounds where W is other than carboxylic acid. Compound 55, which can be prepared by the procedures described in Scheme I, is converted (for example, using peptide coupling condition, e.g.
N-methylmorpholine, EDCI and HOBt, in the presence of ammonia or other amide forming reactions) to give carboxamide 5~. The carboxamide is dehydrated (for example, using phosphorus oxychloride in pyridine) to give nitrite 57. Nitrite under standard tetrazole-forming conditions (sodium azide and triethylamine hydrochloride or trimethylsilylazide and tin oxide) is reacted to give tetrazole ~8,.
Alternatively nitrite ~7 is reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence ofi a base (for example, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, sodium methoxide or NaH) in a solvent such as DMF, DMSO, or dimethylacetamide to give amidoxime ,~. The amidoxime 5,~ is allowed to react with a methyl or ethyl chloroformate in a conventional organic solvent {such as, chloroform, methylene chloride, dioxane, THF, acetonitrile or pyridine) in the presence of a base (for example, triethylamine, pyridine, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate) to give an O-acyl compound. Heating of the O-acyl amidoxime in an inert solvent (such as benzene, toluene, xylene, dioxane, THF, dichloroethane, or chloroform and the like) results in cyclization to compound ~. Alternatively reacting the amidoxime ~ with thionyl chloride in an inert solvent (for example, chloroform, dichloromethane, dioxane and THF and the like) affords the oxathiadiazole fuel.
Scheme V illustrates a method for synthesizing pyrrolidines by an azomethine ylide type [3+2]-cycloaddition to an acrylate. General structures such as compound 70 are known to add to unsaturated esters such as 71 to provide pyrrolidines such as compound 72 (O. Tsuge, S. Kanemasa, K. Matsuda, Chem. Lett. 1131-4 (1983), O.
Tsuge, S. Kanemasa, T. Yamada, K. Matsuda, J. Org. Chem. ~ 2523-30 (1987), and S. Kanemasa, K. Skamoto, O. Tsuge, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. ,~2 1960-68 (1989)).
Silylimine ~ is reacted with acrylate 74 in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate and tetrabutylammonium fluoride to give the desired pyrrolidine 7~ as a mixture of isomers. This method can be modified to provide the N-acetamido derivatives directly by reacting ~ and 74 with the appropriate bromoacetamide (for example, dibutyl bromoacetamide) in the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide and cesium fluoride to give compound ~.
Scheme VI illustrates a method for producing an enantiomerically pure pyrrolidine ~Q, which can be further elaborated on the pyrrolidine nitrogen.
Intermediate racemic pyrrolidine ester 77 (for example, prepared by the procedure described in Scheme V) is Boc-nitrogen protected (for example, by treatment with Boc20) and then the ester is hydrolyzed (for example, using sodium or lithium hydroxide in ethanol and water) to give t-butyl carbamoyl pyrrolidine carboxylic acid . The carboxylic acid is converted to its (+)-a-methylbenzylamine salt, which can be recrystallized (for example from ethyl acetate and hexane or chloroform and hexane) to afford the diastereomerically pure salt. This diastereomerically pure salt can be neutralized (for example, with sodium carbonate or citric acid) to afford enantiomerically pure carboxylic acid 7~. The pyrrolidine nitrogen can be deprotected (for example, using trifluoroacetic acid) and the ester reformed by the use of ethanolic hydrochloric acid to give salt ~0. Alternatively one can use ethanolic HCI to cleave the protecting group and form the ester in one step. The pyrrolidine nitrogen can be further elaborated (for example, by treatment with the 2,6-diethylbenzamide of bromoacetic acid in acetonitrile in the presence of diisopropylethylamine) to give optically active compound 81. The use of (-)-a-methylbenzylamine will give the opposite enantiomer. Other optically active amines may also be employed.
A preferred process is shown in Scheme VII. Nitro vinyl compound (88) is reacted with ~i-keto ester 89 in the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide and the like or a trialkylamine such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine and the like or an amidine such as DBU and the like in an inert solvent such as THF, toluene, DMF, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate or methylene chloride and the like at a temperature of from about 0° C to about 100° C for a period of time from about 15 minutes to overnight to give compound ~. Reduction of the vitro group followed by cyclization was effected for example by catalytic hydrogenation with a hydrogen pressure of from about atmospheric pressure to 300 p.s.i. over from about 1 hour to about 1 day of compound 90 in an inert solvent such as THF, ethyl acetate, toluene, ethanol, isopropanol, DMF or acetonitrile and the like, using a hydrogenation catalyst such as Raney nickel, palladium on carbon, a platinum catalyst, such as platinum oxide, platinum on carbon or platinum on alumina and the like, or a rhodium catalyst, such as rhodium on carbon or rhodium on alumina and the like, and the like affords intermediate nitrone 91 a or a mixture of nitrone 97 a and imine 91 b. The reaction mixture comprising the nitrone or nitrone/imine mixture is treated with an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid or acetic acid or sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid or methanesulfonic acid and the like, and the hydrogenation is continued to give pyrrolidine compound ~2 as the cis,cis-isomer. Epimerization at C-3 is effected by treatment of compound 92 with a base such as sodium ethoxide, potassium t-butoxide, lithium t-butoxide or potassium t-amyloxide and the like or a trialkylamine such as triethyiamine or diisopropylethylamine and the like or an amidine such as DBU and the like in an inert solvent such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, THF, toluene or DMF and the like at a temperature of from about -20° C
to about 120°
C to give the trans,trans compound ~3. Compound ~ itself can optionally be resolved into enantiomers prior to reacting with X-R3. The substantially pure (i.e., at least 95% of the desired isomer) optically active (+)-isomer of compound 9~ is obtained by treatment of a mixture of the (+)-isomer and the (-)-isomer of 93 with S-(+)-mandelic acid, D-tartaric acid or D-dibenzoyl tartaric acid or the like in a solvent such as acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, ethanol or isopropanol and the like. The (+)-isomer of 9,,~ selectively crystallizes as the salt, leaving the (-)-isomer of 9~ in solution. Alternatively, the substantially pure (i.e., at least 95% of the desired isomer) optically active (-)-isomer of compound 9~ can be selectively crystallized by reaction of a mixture of the (+)-isomer and the (-)-isomer of ~ with L-tartaric acid, L-dibenzoyl tartaric acid or L-pyroglutamic acid and the like, leaving the desired (+)-isomer of compound ~3 in solution.
Compound ,9~ (racemic or optically active) is reacted with X-R3 (where X is a leaving group (for example, a halide or a suifonate) and R3 is as previously defined) using a base such as diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, sodium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate and the like in an inert solvent such as acetonitrile, THF, toluene, DMF or ethanol and the like at a temperature of from about 0°
C to about 100° C to give the intermediate ester ~4. The ester can be isolated or converted in situ to the carboxylic acid (95) using hydrolysis conditions such as a base such as sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and the like in a solvent such as ethanol-water or THF-ethanol and the like.

Scheme I
O R ~ N02 R~ ~ 2 C02E
C02E + Rt $
[H]
H
N~
N
$ R2 Rt R2 Rt Mixture of Cis-Cis Traps-Traps Cis-Traps X R3 ,Rs R2 Rt 7 ,Rs C02H
N
R 2 R t Traps-Traps S C02E [ H20] +

Mixture of N~
Traps-Traps R 2 "' R t Cis-Traps C02E $
Cis-Traps Scheme II

CH30 O ~ ~ N02 O
/ v DBU \ COOEt Et02C -----CH30 ~ \ O
Np2 I

O ~H
O
O N ~ N
OCH3 O ' ._.

COOEt NaCNBH3 COOEt Mixture of Cis-Cis Trans-Trans Chromatographic separation Cis-Trans Cis-Cis + Mixture of Trans-Trans and Cis-Trans WO 98/57933 PCT/iJS98/11821 Scheme III
O
N,H
O \ / ,..,. \ / pCH3 O
COOEt O ~NHR4 Cis-Trans BrCH2CONHR4 p N
and ~ \ ~ \ ~ pCHs ~O N H iPr2NEt COOEt O \ / OCH3 Trans-Trans and Cis-Trans COOEt Trans-Trans NaOH , H20, EtOH
O
O

O O ~NHR4 N r N _ O - +
\ ~ OCH3 O \ / ..,. \ / OCH3 COOH COOEt Trans-Trans Cis-Trans Scheme IV
NiR3 ~Ra N
R2~R R
~

~ 2 -r (CH2)m (CHp)m NiRs N~R3 R2~ R2~

R1 Rt E
(CH2)m (CH2)m CN

N
NH

N=N

~Z
~$
NiR3 NiRs NiRs 1 ~ 1 (CH2)m ~ (CHp)m --~ (CH2)m N
H ~ r H2N NOH w N
O H N, r O S-O
O

Scheme V
Rt C02Et R3~ J I R~
N+ + Rs.
CH2 - R2 N~C02Et Me3Si~N I \ ~ I ~ \ C02Et v _OCH3 + O /

H I RaH t'1~ N C02Et O
U ~ ~ O
O

Scheme v!

/ \
1. Boc20 C02Et 2. NaOH, EtOH ~cN --C02H

_ /
O
OJ
(~) 11 (t) .Z~
1. (+) a-methylbenzylamine 2. recrystallize from EtOAc/hexane 3. 1 N H3P04 / \ / \
HCI ~ HN
--COZEt BocN -..C02H
HCI
/ ~ EtOH /
O
y- O
(+) 8 0 (+) 7~
R4HNC(O)CH2Br EtN(iPr)p, CH3CN

/ \
H
RQ' -- O
(+) $ ~ pJ

Scheme VII
R2~ N02 + EO R~
$$ $$
O
i N N
R2 1 R~ R2 1 R~ 02N O
C02E C02E R2 R~

NH NH
R2 R~ --~. R2~R~

N N
R2~~R~ ~ R2 V _Ri Cv02H - C02E
'~4 SCHEMEVIIi.
Scheme Vllla.

CH3 ---~ COOR
Aryl, Heteroaryl, or a-quarternary Scheme Vlllb.
O
R-cooH R~cooR

Compounds which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of compounds of the invention are:
N
~(CH2)m W
wherei n misOto6;
W is (a) -C(O)2-G where G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, (b) -P03H2, (c) -P(O)(OH)E where E is hydrogen, loweralkyl or arylalkyl, (d) -CN, (e) -C(O)NHR1~ where R17 is loweralkyl, (f) alkyiaminocarbonyl, (g) dialkylaminocarbonyl, (h) tetrazolyl, (i) hydroxy, (j) alkoxy, (k) sulfonamido, (I) -C(O)NHS(O)2R16 where R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl or dialkylamino, (m) -S(O)2NHC(O)Ris, HO O
NH
(n) O
SS O
(o) Ho 0 OH
~N
O
(P) , NH
O
(q) o , .~~ Nw O
N
~~H
(r) O , ~O
~S= O
N
(S) H >
N~ N
~~ C Fa N
(t) H , or ' ~ ~ NHS02CF3 (u) ; and R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyi, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, thioalkoxyalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkenyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, hydroxyafkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxyalkyl, heterocyclic, (heterocyclic)alkyl and (Raa)(Rbb)N-Rcc wherein Raa is aryl or arylalkyl, Rbb is hydrogen or alkanoyl and Roc is alkylene, with the proviso that one or both of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen;
or a salt thereof;
and a compound of the formula:

H Rt H Fig N
N
rrrrrr (CH2)m ~uun (CH2)m Or W
(IV) (V) wherein n is 0 or 1;
5 misOto6;
W is {a) -C(O)2-G where G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, (b) -POgH2, (c) -P(O){OH)E where E is hydrogen, loweralkyl or arylalkyl, (d) -CN, 10 (e) -C(O)NHR1~ where R~~ is loweralkyl, (f} alkylaminocarbonyl, (g} dialkylaminocarbonyl, (h) tetrazolyl, {i) hydroxy, 15 (j) alkoxy, (k) sulfonamido, (I) -C(O)NHS(O)2Rig where R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl or dialkylamino, (m) -S(O}2NHC(O)Rls, HO O
NH
20 (n) o SS o (o} Ho 0 OH
~ N
i (p) O

(4) ° , .~~ Nw O
N
~~H
(r) O , N~ O
~S=O
'' N
(S) H , N~ N
~~- CF3 N
(t) ~ H , Or ' ~ ~ NHS02CF3 (u) ; and R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, thioalkoxyalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonylafkyl, i0 aminocarbonylalkenyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, hydroxyalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxyalkyl, heterocyclic, (heterocyclic)alkyl and (Raa)(Rbb)N-Rcc' wherein Raa is aryl or arylalkyl, Rbb is hydrogen or alkanoyl and i~cc is alkylene, with the proviso that one or both of R~ and RZ is other than hydrogen;
or a salt thereof.
Preferred intermediates include compounds of formula (III), (IV) and (V) wherein miszeroorl;
W is -C02-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, and Ri and R2 are as defined above; or the substantially pure (+)- or (-)-isomer thereof.
Particularly preferred intermediates are compounds of formula (Ill), (IV) and (V) wherein m is 0;
W is -C02-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group;

and Ri is (i) alkoxyalkylalkyl, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) phenyl, (iv) pyridyl, (v) furanyl or (vi) substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-{2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy and R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyf, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl; or the substantially pure (+)- or (-)-isomer thereof.
The foregoing may be better understood by reference to the following examples which are provided for illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept. The following abbreviations are used: Boc for tert-butyloxycarbonyi, Cbz for benzyloxycarbonyl, DBU for 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, EDCI for 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, EtOAc for ethyl acetate, EtOH for ethanol, HOBt for 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, Et3N for triethylamine, TFA for trifluoroacetic acid and THF for tetrahydrofuran.
Example 1 trans.trans- 2-{4-MethoxYphenyl)-~1.3-benzodioxol-5-y~-1-jf2.4.6-trimethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmet~l)-pvrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Example 1 A
Ethvl 2-f4-methoxvbenzovl)-4-nitromethy, I-3-j1.3-benzodioxole-5~r1)butyrate To ethyl (4-methoxybenzoyl)acetate (23.0 g, 0.104 mol), prepared by the method of Krapcho et aL, Org. Syn. 47, 20 (1967), and 5-(2-nitrovinyl)-1,3-benzodioxole (17.0 g, 0.088 mol) dissolved in 180 mL of toluene and heated to 80 °C
was added 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0] undec-7-ene (DBU, 0.65 g) with stirring. The mixture was heated until all the vitro starting material dissolved. The solution was stirred without heating for 30 minutes and then an additional 0.65 g of DBU
was added. After stirring an additional 45 minutes, thin layer chromatography (5%
ethyl acetate in methylene chloride) indicated the absence of vitro starting material.
Toluene (200 mL) was added, and the organic phase was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and NaCI solution. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 3:1 hexane-ethyl acetate to give 21.22 g of the desired product as a mixture of isomers and 9.98 g. of recovered ethyl (4-methoxybenzoyl)acetate.
Examlhe 1 B
Ethvl 2-l4-methoxvohenvl)-4-(1 3-benzodioxol 5 yl) 4 5 dih~rdro 3H ~yrrole 3 carboxylate The compound resulting from Example 1 A (21 g} in 500 mL of ethanol was hydrogenated under 4 atmospheres of hydrogen pressure using a Raney nickel catalyst (51 g). (The Raney nickel was washed with ethanol three times before use.) The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 8.5% ethyl acetate in methylene chloride to give 12.34 g of the desired product.
Exam~he 1 C
Ethvl 2-(4-methoxvohenvl-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5 yl) ~oyrrolidine 3 carboxvlate) as a mixture of cis-cis~ traps trans~ and cis traps isomers The compound resulting from Example 1 B (11.89 g, 0.324 mol) was dissolved in 27 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 54 mL of ethanol. Sodium cyanoborohydride (2.35 g, 0.374 mol) and 5 mg bromocresoi green were added. To this blue solution was added dropwise a solution of 1:2 concentrated HCl in ethanol at such a rate that the color was kept at light yellow-green. After the yellow color persisted without additional HCI, the solution was stirred an additional 20 minutes. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and then partitioned between chloroform and an aqueous potassium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 85:15 ethyl acetate-hexane to give 5.96 g.
of a mixture of 64% trans,trans-compound and 34% cis,trans-compound. Further elution with pure ethyl acetate gave 0.505 g of an unknown solid followed by 3.044 g of pure cis,cis-compound.
Exam I~e 1 D
N-(2.4.6-Trimethyl henyl) ~romoacetamide To a stirred solution of 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (i g, 7.40 mmol) in methylene chloride (25 mL) at -50 °C was added successively N,N-diisopropylethylamine (i.58 mL, 8.14 mmol, 1.1 eq) and bromoacetyl bromide (0.72 mL, 7.40 mmol, 1 eq) such that the temperature did not exceed -40 °C. On completion of the addition, the cooling bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After stirring for a further 30 minutes, the mixture was diluted with ether (70 mL) and poured into 1 N sodium bisulfate solution. The phases were separated, and the upper layer was washed successively with water and brine. The organic phase was dried (Na2S04) and the solvent evaporated to half volume, at which point the product crystallized. The crystals were removed by vacuum filtration to afford the title compound (1.51 g, 80%).
Exami~le 1 E
trans.trans-2-(4-Methoxyl henyl)-X1.3-benzodioxol-5- I~r )-1-((2 4 6 trimethvl)ahenvlaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The mixture of 64% trans,trans- and 34% cis,trans-pyrrolidines (the mixture resulting from Example 1 C) (5.72 g, 15.50 mmol), ethyldiisopropylamine (4.20 g, 32.56 mmol), and the compound resulting from Example 1 D (19.0 mmol) in 30 mL
of acetonitrile was heated at 50 °C for 1 hour. The solution was concentrated in vacuo.
The residue was dissolved in toluene, shaken with potassium bicarbonate solution, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give the product as a mixture of trans,trans- and cis,trans- ethyl esters.
This mixture was dissolved in a solution of 50 mL of ethanol and 15 mL of water containing 5.00 g of sodium hydroxide and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and 60 mL of water added.
The mixture was extracted with ether to remove the unreacted cis,trans- ethyl ester.
The aqueous phase was treated with hydrochloric acid until slightly cloudy. It was then further neutralized with acetic acid to give the crude acid product. The crude product was filtered and purified by dissolving it in tetrahydrofuran, drying over sodium sulfate, concentrating in vacuo, and crystallizing from ether to give the title compound. ~H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.22 (1 H, bs), 7.78 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 6.95 (5H, m), 6.82 (1 H, bd, J=8Hz}, 6.77 (1 H, d, J=8Hz}, 5.96 (2H, s), 3.97 (1 H, bd, J=lOHz), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.70 (1 H, ddd, 6, 5&3Hz), 3.57 (bdd, 10&3Hz), 3.45 (1 H, d, J=16Hz), 3.13 (2H, m}, 2.24 (3H, s}, 2.06 (6H, s). MS (DCI, NH3} m/e 517 (M+H+). Anal.
Calc for C3oH32N2O6 ~ 0.5H20: C, 68.56, H, 6.33, N 5.33. Found: C, 68.84, H, 6.20, N, 5.31 Example 2 r ns raps-2-l3-FI pro-4-methoxyphenvll 4 l~ ~ hpnzodioxol 5 yrl~ 1 (j2 4 6 rim h I h n I min r n Im I - rroli in - rbox li i The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
5 ~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) b 8.22 (1 H, bs), 7.21 (1 H, dd, J=12&2Hz), 7.12 (1 H, bd, J=8Hz), 6.95 (1 H, t, 8Hz), 6.90 (2H, bs), 6.84 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.80 (1 H, dd, J=8&3Hz), 6.76 (1 H, d, J=8Hz), 5.93 (2H, s), 3.96 (1 H, d, J=lOHz), 3.89 (3H, s), 3.70 {1 H, ddd, 6, 5&3Hz), 3.56 (1 H, dd, 11 &5Hz), 3.45 (1 H, d, J=l6Hz), 3.10 (1 H, t, J=1 OHz), 3.07 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 3.02 {1 H, d, J=16Hz), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.07 (6H, s). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 535 10 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C3pH3~ FN206 ~ 0.75H20 : C, 65.74, H, 5.98, N 5.11.
Found:
C, 65.96, H, 5.88, N, 5.16 Examlhe 3 traps.traps-2-(4-Propoxvohenyl)-4-all 3-benzodioxol 5 yl) 1 ( 2 4 6 15 trimethvl)ohenvlaminocarbonylmethyl) pyrrolidine 3 carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
1H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.21 (1 H, bs), 7.38 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 6.90 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 6.89 (2H, d, 3Hz), 7.83 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=8Hz), 5.94 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 3.96 {1 H, d, J=1 OHz), 3.85 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 3.70 (1 H, ddd, 6, 20 5&3Hz), 3.58 (1 H, dd, 11 &5Hz), 3.48 (1 H, d, J=16Hz), 3.15 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 3.13 (1 H, t, J=1 OHz), 2.99 (1 H, d, J=16Hz), 2.25 (3H, s), 2.05 (6H, s), 1.81 (2H, sext, J=7Hz), 1.04 {3H, t, J=7Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 545 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C32H3sN2~s ~ 0.33H20: C, 69.79, H, 6.71, N 5.09, Found: C, 69.78, H, 6.73, N, 4.81 25 Exam lip a 4 ~rans.traps-2-(4-Methoxvoheny~)-~1 3-benzodioxol 5 yl) 1 (~(2 6 diethvllohenvlaminocarbon !1r methylLpyrrolidine 3 ~arboxvlic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
1 H NMR (300MHz, CDCi3) 8 8.24 (1 H, bs), 7.39 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.21 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 30 7.11 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 6.92 (2H, d, 8Hz), 7.89 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 7.82 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=8Hz), 5.94 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 3.96 (1 H, d, J=lOHz), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.70 (1 H, ddd, 6, 5&3Hz), 3.56 (1 H, dd, 11 &5Hz), 3.45 (1 H, d, J=16Hz), 3.15 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 3.13 {1 H, t, J=1 OHz), 3.01 (1 H, d, J=16Hz), 2.42 (4H, q, J=7Hz), 1.08 (6H, t, J=7Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 559 {M+H4+), 531 (M+H+). Anal.
~35 Calc for C3~ H34N2O6: C, 70.17, H, 6.46, N 5.28. Found: C, 69.88, H, 6.42, N, 5.09.

Example 5 trans.trans-2-(4-Propoxy henyl}-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-y~~-1-(f2 6-diethvll henylaminocarbon I~yrly-~yrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) S 8.27 {1 H, bs), 7.37 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.21 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 7.11 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 6.90 (2H, d, 8Hz), 7.86 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 7.83 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=8Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 5.92 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 3.96 (1 H, d, J=l OHz), 3.85 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 3.70 (1 H, ddd, 6, 5&3Hz), 3.55 (1 H, dd, 11 &5Hz), 3.48 (1 H, d, J=16Hz), 3.15 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 3.13 (1 H, t, J=lOHz), 3.01 (1 H, d, J=l6Hz), 2.43 (4H, q, J=7Hz), 1.82 (2H, sext, J=7Hz), 1.08 (6H, t, J=7Hz) 1.04 (3H, t, J=7Hz). MS
(DCI, NH3) m/e 559 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C33H3aN2~6 ~ 0.25H20: C, 70.38, H, 6.89, N
4.97. Found: C, 70.49, H, 6.85, N, 4.68.
Example 6 traps.traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl}-~1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl~~(2 6 diethyl)ohenvlaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.21 (1 H, bs), 7.22 (1 H, dt, J=8&2Hz), 7.20 (1 H, d, J=8Hz), 7.17 (1 H, dt, J=8&2Hz), 7.10 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 6.96 (1 H, t, J=8Hz), 6.83 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.80 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 6.76 (1 H, d, J=8Hz), 5.94 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 3.97 (1 H, d, J=lOHz), 3.90 (3H, s), 3.72 (1 H, ddd, 6, 5&3Hz), 3.58 (1 H, dd, 11 &5Hz), 3.46 (1 H, d, J=l6Hz), 3.14 (1 H, t, J=lOHz), 3.12 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 3.05 {1 H, d, J=l6Hz), 2.45 (4H, q, J=7Hz), 1.09 (6H, t, J=7Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C31 H33FN20g ~ 0.5H20: C, 66.78, H, 6.15, N 5.02.
Found:
C, 66.81, H, 5.89, N, 4.87.
Example 7 traps.traps-2-(3-Fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-j1 3-benzodioxol-5-~l-1-((2 6 diethvllohenvlaminocarbonylmethyl}-pyrrolidine-3-carbo~rlic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~H NMR (300MHz, CDCIg) b 8.23 (1 H, bs), 7.23 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 7.20 (1 H, dd, J=8&3Hz), 7.11 (3H, m), 6.96 (1 H, t, J=8Hz), 6.83 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.80 {1 H, d, J=3Hz), 6.76 (1 H, d, J=8Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 5.92 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 4.11 (2H, t.
J=7Hz), 3.97 (1 H, d, J=lOHz), 3.72 (1 H, ddd, 6, 5&3Hz}, 3.55 (1 H, dd, 11 &SHz), 3.47 (1 H, d, J=l6Hz), 3.14 (1 H, t, J=lOHz), 3.12 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 3.04 (1 H, d, J=16Hz), 2.45 (4H, q, J=7Hz), 1.47 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.09 (6H, t, J=7Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 563 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C32H35FN20g ~ 0.15TFA: C, 66.92, H, 6.11, N 4.83.
Found:
C, 67.19, H, 5.75, N, 4.69.
E~,-I
ran r n - -4- I -4- -1 t -1-h r li ' r i The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.24 (1 H, s), 7.25 (1 H, t, J=3Hz), 7.21 (1 H, bd), 7.14 (1 H, m), 7.08 (2H, d, J=8Hz), 6.96 (1 H, t, J=8Hz), 6.56 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 6.50 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.91 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.97 (1 H, d, J=1 OHz), 3.90 (3H, s), 3.72 (1 H, ddd, 6, 5&3Hz), 3.58 (1 H, dd, 11 &5Hz), 3.46 (1 H, d, J=16Hz), 3.14 (1 H, t, J=1 OHz), 3.12 (1 H, dd, 8&6Hz), 3.05 (1 H, d, J=l6Hz), 2.45 (4H, q, J=7Hz), 1.09 (6H, t, J=7Hz).
MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 579 (M+H+). Anal. calcd for C32H35FN207 ~ 1.5H20: C, 63.65, H, 6.31, N 4.64. Found: C, 64.00, H, 6.29, N, 4.26.
trans.trans-2-(3-methoxv-4-uro o~xypheny~-~,j1 3-ben~nr~~nYm 5 ylL((~
diethvllohenvlaminocarbonylmet y1),-pyrrolidine-3-carboxy i acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) b 8.22 (1 H, s), 7.21 (1 H, m), 7.12 (2H, d, J=lOHz), 7.02 (1 H, dd, J=9&3Hz), 6.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.88 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.85 (1 H, m), 6.82 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.95 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.97 (2H, q, J=9Hz), 3.84 (3H, s), 3.72 (2H, m), 3.60-3.45 (2H, m), 3.15 (2H, m), 3.03 (1 H, d J=l8Hz), 2.43 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 1.87 (2H, m), 1.08 (6H, t, J=9Hz), 1.04 (3H, t, J=9Hz).
MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 589 (MH+). Anal.calcd. for C34H40N2~7' 0.45 H20: C, 68.43, H, 6.91, N, 4.69. Found: C, 68.45, H, 6.91, N, 4.62.
Example 10 ~rans.trans-2-f4-ethoxypyl~,(1 3-ben~nr~~nYr,i-5-yp~(2 6 diethvlloheny La_minncarbony the -a~y~lidine-~-carbox4y ' acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
1 H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.26 (1 H, bs), 7.36 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.21 (1 H, m), 7.11 (2H, d, J=lOHz), 6.90 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.86 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.83 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.73 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.94 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.92 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 4.10-3.90 (3H, m), 3.71 (1 H, m), 3.60-3.40 (2H, m), 3.15 (2H, m), 3.02 (1 H, d J=18Hz), 2.43 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 1.42 (3H, t, J=9Hz), 1.08 (6H, t, J=9Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 545 (MH+). Anal.
calcd.
for C32H3sN2~s~ 0.5 H20: C, 69.42, H, 6.74, N, 5.06. Found: C, 69.52, H, 6.52, N, 4.89.
Exam,~le 11 trans.trans-2-(4-methoxy lohenyl)~-4-,(1.3-benzodioxol-5yl)-~(2 6-~limethyl)phenvlaminocarbonylmeth~rlLpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.32 (1 H, bs), 7.37 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.08 (3H, m), 6.91 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.88 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.82 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.95 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.95 (1 H, d, J=1 OHz), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.72 (1 H, m), 3.55 (1 H, dd, J=10&5Hz), 3.46 (1 H, d J=l8Hz), 3.13 (2H, m), 3.00 (1 H, d, J=l8Hz), 2.10 (6H, s). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 502 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for C29H3oN2~s~
0.5 H20: C ,68.09, H, 6.11, N, 5.48. Found: C, 67.98, H, 6.02, N, 5.33.
Example 12 traps.traps-2-!4-prol~oxylnhenyl -~4-(7-methoxy-1.3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2 6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.30 (1 H, bs), 7.36 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.21 (1 H, m), 7.09 (2H, d, J=lOHz), 6.91 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.59 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.51 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.91 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.93 (3H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 3.72 (1 H, m), 3.60-3.50 (2H, m), 3.15 (2H, m), 3.02 (1 H, d J=18Hz), 2.43 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 1.82 (2H, m), 1.08 (6H, t, J=9Hz), 1.05 (3H, t, J=9Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 589 (MH+). Anal.
calcd.
for C34H40N2~7' 0.25 H20: C, 68.84, H, 6.88, N, 4.72. Found: C, 68.80, H, 6.59, N, 4.52.
Examl ip a 13 traps. traps-2-!3-methoxv-4-aronoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-l2.6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonyfmethyl) pvrrolidine-3-carbo~(ic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example v .
1 H NMR (300MHz, CDCIg) b 8.22 (1 H, s), 7.21 (1 H, m), 7.09 (2H, d, J=lOHz), 7.02 (1 H, dd, J=9&3Hz), 6.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.87 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 6.61 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.53 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.91 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.97 (3H, q, J=9Hz), 3.84 (3H, s), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.70 (1 H, m), 3.60-3.45 (2H, m), 3.'15 (2H, m), 3.02 (1 H, d J=l8Hz), 2.42 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 1.85 (2H, m), 1.08 (6H, t, J=9Hz), 1.05 (3H, t, J=9Hz).
MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 619 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for C3~H42N2Og ~ C, 67.94, H, 6.84, N, 4.53. Found: C, 67.65, H, 6.98, N, 4.44.
- Exam I_p a 14 traps.traps-2-l4-methoxypgnyl)-4-~1 3 benzodioxol 5 I) 1 ?6 i r m n I min r n I h I - rr li in - rb x lic i The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) b 8.58 (1 H, bs), 7.58 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.40 (2H, bd, J=lOHz), 7.02 (1 H, t, J=9Hz), 6.91 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.86 (1 H, m), 6.76 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.93 (2H, s), 3.98 (1 H, bd, J=1 OHz), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.73 (2H, m), 3.55 (1 H, bd, J=15Hz), 3.13 (2H, m), 3.01 (1 H, bd, J=l8Hz). MS {DCI, NH3) m/e 633 (MH+). Anai.
calcd. for C27H24BrzN2O6~ 0.3 H20: C, 50.85, H, 3.89, N, 4.39. Found: C, 50.45, H, 3.48, N, 4.22.
Examlhe 1515 f2R.38.45'12-l4-Methoxvohenvll-4-(1 3-b nzodioxol 5 yl~(N ~(2 6 ie h I h n I min c r on Im th I - rr li ine-3- rb x li ci h drochl rid I
Examcle 15A-E
AI ernative r r i n f h i r n - r n - - 4-m h x hen I -4- 1 en dioxol-5-ylLpyrrolidine-3-carboxyl~,~g Examl I~ a 15A
~(2-Nitrovinyl)-1 3-benzodioxole To piperonal (15.55 kg, 103.5 mol) under mechanical stirring and under nitrogen was added ammonium acetate (13.4 kg, 173.8 mol), acetic acid (45.2 kg), and nitromethane (18.4 kg, 301.4 mol) sequentially. The mixture was warmed to °C. After about 30 minutes, the yellow product began to crystallize.
The reaction temperature was raised to '80 °C and stirred for about 10 hours until minimal piperonal remains. The somewhat thick reaction mixture was cooled to 10 °C and filtered. The precipitate was washed with acetic acid (2 x 8 kg) and then water (2.x 90 kg). The product was dried under a nitrogen purge and then in a vacuum oven at °C for 2 days to afford 15.94 kg (80%) of the title compound as a bright yellow solid.

Example 15B
Ethyl (4-methoxybenzoyl)acetate To potassium t-amylate (25 wt %, 50.8 kg, 99.26 mol) in toluene (15.2 kg) 5 cooled to 5 °C under mechanical stirring and under nitrogen was added a mixture of 4-methoxyacetophenone (6.755 kg, 44.98 mol) and diethyl carbonate (6.40 kg, 54.18 mol) in toluene over 1 hour maintaining the temperature below 10 °C.
The reaction mixture was heated to 60 °C for 8 hours until no 4-methoxyacetophenone was detected by HPLC. The mixture was cooled to 20 °C and quenched by adding to a 10 mixture of acetic acid (8 kg} and water (90 kg) over 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature at <20 °C. The layers were separated, and the organic layer was washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution (41 kg) and concentrated to 14.65 kg.
The temperature is maintained below 50 °C during the distillation. The yellow product concentrate was assayed by HPLC against an external standard and the 15 yield was found to be 9.40 kg (94%).
Example 15C
Ethvl 2-(4-methoxybenzoyl}-4-nitromethyl-3-l1 3-benzodioxole-5-yl)butyrate To the compound resulting from Example 15A (7.5 kg, 37.9 mol) suspended in 20 THF (56 kg) with mechanical stirring under nitrogen was added the compound resulting from Example 15B (8.4 kg, 37.9 mol). The mixture was cooled to 17 °C, sodium ethoxide (6.4 g, 0.095 mol) was added, and the reaction was stirred for minutes. After about 15 minutes, the nitrostyrene was completely dissolved.
Sodium ethoxide (6.4 g, 0.095 mol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 °C until 25 HPLC shows less than 1 area % ketoester remaining. The reaction was concentrated to 32.2 kg which was determined by HPLC assay to be 14.9 kg (95%).
Example 15D
Ethvl cis.cis-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-l~yrrolidine-3-carboxvlate 30 Raney nickel (20.0 g), from which the water had been decanted, was charged to a stirred hydrogenator equipped with a thermocouple. THF (20 mL), the crude compound resulting from Example 15C (40.82 g, 0.0482 mol}, and acetic acid (2.75 mL, 0.0482 mol) were added sequentially. The mixture was put under a hvdroaen atmosphere at 60 psi until the hydrogen uptake slowed dramatically. TFA was 35 added, and the mixture was hydrogenated at 200 psi until HPLC shows no residual imine and <2 area % nitrone. The catalyst was filtered away and washed with mL of methanol. The filtrate was assayed by HPLC and found to contain 13.3 g (75%

yield) of the cis, cis-pyrrolidine compound. The filtrate was concentrated and chased with additional THF {200 mL) to give a final volume of 100 mL. The mixture was neutralized with 2 N NaOH solution (50 mL), diluted with water (200 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined nearly colorless ethyl acetate layers were assayed against an external standard by HPLC to be13.0 g (73%) of the title compound.
Exam Ip a 15E
E~hvl traps traps-2-(4-methoxyahenvl)-4 (1 3 benzodioxol 5 yl) pyrrolidine 3 carboxylate The solution of the compound resulting from Example 15D (38.1 g, 0.103 mol) was chased with ethanol (200 mL) to a final volume of 100 mL and sodium ethoxide (3.40 g, 0.050 mol) was added. The mixture was heated to 75 °C. When HPLC
shows <3% of the cis,cis isomer remaining, the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The product was assayed by HPLC against an external standard and found to contain 34.4 g (90% yield) of the title compound. The crude compound solution was concentrated and the residue taken up in isopropyl acetate (400 mL).
The organic layer was washed with water (2 x 150 mL) and then extracted with 0.25 M phosphoric acid solution (2 x 400 mL). The combined phosphate layers were stirred with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and neutralized to pH 7 with solid sodium bicarbonate (21 g). The organic layer was separated and found to contain 32.9 g (87%) of the title compound.
Exam I~p a 15F
Ethv! ~2R 3R 4512-(4-Methoxy~henyl)-~1 3-benzodioxol 5 ylLp~rrrolidine 3 carboxylate The racemic amino ester from Example 1 (32.9 g) was dissolved in 50 mL of acetonitrile. (S)-(+)-Mande(ic acid (2.06 g, 0.0136 mmol) was added and allowed to dissolve. The mixture was seeded with the product and allowed to stir at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and stirred for 5 hours. The product was filtered and dried in a vacuum oven with a nitrogen purge for 1 day at 50 °C. The resultant salt (20.0 g, 0.0383 moi) was suspended in ethyl acetate (150 mL) and 5% sodium bicarbonate solution {150 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature until the salt dissolved and carbon dioxide evolution had ceased. The organic layer was separated and concentrated.

Example i 5G
~2R.3R.45'j~4-Methoxyphenyl)-4 j1.3-benzodioxol-5-y~-1 ~~2 6-dieth~rl)lohenylaminocarbonylmeth~rl) ~yrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared from the compound of Example 15F
according to the procedures of Example 1 E.
Example 15H
f2R.3R.4512-(4-Methoxvnhenvl)-4-(1.3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-~N-(2 6 diethvllQhenylaminocarbonylmethvl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride salt The compound of Example 15G {450 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of isopropanol. A slight excess of saturated HCI in ethanol was added, and the resultant solution was stirred for 10 min. The solvents were removed in vacuo, and the excess HCI was chased with isopropanol. The residue was taken up in ether and filtered, leaving 448 mg of the title compound as a white solid. MS {DCI/NH3) m/e 531 (M+H)+. Anal calcd for C3i H35N20gCl : C, 65.66 H, 6.22; N, 4.94. Found:
C, 65.72; H, 6.39; N, 4.85.
Exam~he 16 gaps.traps-2-{4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1.3-benzodioxol-5-vl)-1-~(,{2 6 dimethoxy);~ahenylaminocarbonylmetf~yl)-ovrrolidine-3-carboxlrlic acid Exam !lo a 16A
2.6-Dimethoxxaniline To a stirred solution of 2,6-dimethoxybenzoic acid {2.00 g, 11.0 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (45 mL) at ambient temperature was successively added N-methylmorpholine (1.45 mL, 13.2 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (2.60 mL, 12.1 mmol). After heating the mixture for 2 hours at 75 °C, cuprous iodide (150 mg) and benzyl alcohol (2.27 mL, 22.0 mmol) were added and heating was continued overnight. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with 4:1 hexane-ethyl acetate to give the intermediate carbamate (1.50 g, 48 % yield) as a white, crystalline solid. The solid was dissolved in methanol (15 mL) and added to a flask purged with nitrogen containing 10% palladium-on-charcoal {500 mg). The mixture was placed under a balloon of hydrogen and stirred 4 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and solvents were removed in vacuo to give the title compound (800 mg, 48% yield}.
Exam Ip a 16B
trans.traps-2-l4-methoxvohenyl)-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5 vll 1 ((2 6 dimethoxvlohenvlaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine 3 carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1, substituting the compound of Example 16A for 2,4,6-trimethylaniline in Example 1 D.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.18 {1 H, bs), 7.39 (2H, bd, J=9Hz), 7.17 (1 H, t, J=9Hz), 6.99 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.90 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.86 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.75 {1 H, d, J=9Hz), 6.56 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 5.93 (2H, s), 3.88 (1 H, bd, J=1 OHz), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.71 (6H, s), 3.70 (2H, m), 3.49 (1 H, bd, J=lSHz), 3.03 (2H, m), 2.85 (1 H, bd, J=l8Hz).
NMR (DCI, NH3) mie 535 (MH+). Anai. calcd. for C29H3oN20s- 0.75 AcOH: C, 63.20, H, 5.74, N, 4.83. Found: C, 63.18, H, 5.34, N, 4.79.
Exam Ip a 17 traps.traps-2-(4-methoxvc~henylL,(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1 ~({4 bromo 2 6 diethyl)ohenvlaminocarbonylmethYl)-I~yrrolidine 3 carboxylic acid Exam~he 17A
4-Bromo-2.6-diethyianiline To a stirred solution of 2,6-diethylaniline (10.0 g, 67.0 mmol) in acetic acid (50 mL) at ambient temperature was added bromine (10.4 mL, 201 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with diethyl ether (200 mL) and washed with 5% sodium bisulfite (4 x 50 mL) and brine.
The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with 9:1 hexane-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (3.28 g, 21 % yield).

Examl I~ a 17B
trans.trans-2-(4-methoxyphenyl -X1.3-benzodioxol-5 ~)-1-~~4-bromo-2.6 diethyl)phen~aminocarbonylmethyl)-~oyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1, substituting the compound of Example 17A for 2,4,6-trimethylaniline in Example 1 D.
1 H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.21 (1 H, bs), 7.38 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.23 (2H, s), 6.92 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.88 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.82 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=9Hz}, 5.93 (i H, d, J=2Hz), 5.91 (i H, d, J=2Hz), 3.95 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.72 (1 H, m), 3.52 (1 H, m), 3.45 (1 H, d J=18Hz), 3.14 (2H, m), 3.00 (1 H, d, J=18Hz), 2.39 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 1.07 (6H, t, J=9Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 609 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for Cg1 H33BrN20g : C, 61.09, H, 5.46, N, 4.60. Found: C, 60.80, H, 5.35, N, 4.54.
Example 18 traps.traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1.3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-,~2-ethyl-6-methyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carbolic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) b 8.32 {1 H, bs), 7.38 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.20-7.10 (3H, m), 6.92 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.87 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.82 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.76 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.94 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.92 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.95 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.73 {1 H, m), 3.55 (1 H, dd, J=12&6), 3.47 (1 H, d J=18Hz), 3.14 (2H, m), 3.02 (1 H, d, J=l8Hz), 2.44 (2H, q, J=9Hz), 2.10 (3H, s), 1.10 (3H, t, J=9Hz). MS (DCI, NHg) m/e 517 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for C3pH32N2~s~ 0.5 H20: C, 68.56, H, 6.33, N, 5.33.
Found:
C, 68.58, H, 6.29, N, 5.13.
Example 19 traps.traps-2-{4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1.3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1- (2.4.6-trieth~)~phenylaminocarbonyimethyl)r-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Exam Ip a 19A
Ethyl traps.traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-X1.3-benzodioxol-5-yl)~-~,~2 4 6 triethvl)ohenylaminocarbonylmethyrlLpyrrolidine-3-carbo~late To a mixture (purged with nitrogen) of [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]
dichloropalladium (II) (1:1 complex with dichloromethane} (13 mg) and cesium carbonate (307 mg, 0.942 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2 mL) at ambient temperature was added ethyl traps,traps-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(4-bromo-2,6-diethylphenyl)aminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate {200 mg, 0.314 mmol, prepared in Example 17) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (8 mL). After stirring the mixture for 10 minutes at ambient 5 temperature, 1.0 M triethylborane (0.471 mL, 0.471 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran was added. The reaction was stirred overnight at 65 °C under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water {2 x 30 mL) and brine. The organic phase dried with sodium sulfate, and the solvents were removed in vacuo . The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 3:1 10 hexane-ethyl acetate to give the title compound (110 mg, 60 % yield).
Examlhe 19B
traps.traps-2-{4-methoxyphe_nyl)-4-(1.3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{j2.4.6-triethvl)ahenyrlaminocarbon~lmethyl~,pvrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1 E.
~H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.22 (1 H, bs), 7.38 {2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.95 (2H, s), 6.91 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.84 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.82 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.91 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.95 (1 H, d, J=1 OHz), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.71 (1 H, m), 3.52 (1 H, dd, J=9&2Hz), 3.46 (1 H, d J=l8Hz), 3.13 (2H, m), 3.00 (1 H, d, J=l8Hz), 2.60 (2H, q, J=9Hz), 2.40 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 1.22 (3H, t, J=9Hz), 1.08 (6H, t, J=9Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 559 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for C33H3gN2Og ~ 0.25 H20:
C, 70.38, H, 6.89, N, 4.97. Found: C, 70.18, H, 7.14, N, 4.63.
Exam Ie~20.
~2R 3R 4SI2-(4-Propoxy,phenyl~-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-vl)-1-(N-~~(2 6-diethyl)hhenvlaminocarbonylmethyl)-avrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Example 20A
t2R 3R 4~2-~4-Pro~o_xviahenyl,)-4-{1 3-benzodioxol-5-girl)-1-tert-butoxycarbonvl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The racemic amino ester from Example 3 (8.00 g) was combined with 4.45 g of di-tert-butyldicarbonate in 100 mL of THF; 10 mL of triethylamine was added, and the resultant solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hrs. The solvents were removed in vacuo; the residue was taken up in EtOAc and washed sequentially with aqueous 1 N H3P04, bicarb, and brine. The crude product was dissolved in 30 mL
of ethanol; 12 mL of 2.5 N NaOH solution was added, the mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature, then warmed to 50 °C for 2 hrs. The solvents were removed in vacuo; the residue was partitioned between water and ether. The aqueous extract was acidified with aqueous 1 N H3P04 and extracted twice with EtOAc. The organic extracts were washed with brine and dried over Na2S04 to give 9.2 g of trans,trans-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine-carboxylic acid. This material was dissolved in 30 mL of EtOAc, and 1.3 mL of (R)-(+)-a-methylbenzylamine was added. The solution was stirred for 10 min; the solvents were removed in vacuo, 50 mL of ether were added, and the resultant solution was seeded. After standing overnight, the solvents were removed in vacuo;
the residue was taken up in 70 mL of ether and filtered. The solid product was recrystallized from EtOAc / ether. The crystalline material was stirred vigorously in a two-phase mixture of 1 N H3P04 and EtOAc; the organic layer was decanted, then washed with brine and dried over Na2S04.
Example 20B
Ethvl f2R.3R.4Sj2-(4-Propoxyl~henyl)-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate The compound of Example 20A was dissolved in ethanol and cooled in an ice bath. Gaseous HCI was bubbled through the solution until saturated; the resultant solution was warmed to ambient temperature and allowed to stir overnight under a blanket of nitrogen. The solvents were removed in vacuo; the residue was taken up in bicarb and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was decanted, then washed with brine and dried over Na2S04.
Exam I~e 20C
f2R.38.45"12-(4-Proooxyphenyl)-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-girl)-1-(N-(2 6-diethvfphenvllaminocarbon~rimethyl)-pvrrolidine-3-carbox~rlic acid The title compound was prepared from the compound of Example 20B
according to the procedures of Example 1 E. MS (DCI/NH3) m/e 559 (M+H)+. Anal calcd for C33H38N206~ 0.2 H20: C, 70.49; H, 6.88; N, 4.98. Found: C, 70.52; H, 6.78; N, 4.85.

Examlhe 21 trans.trans-2-(4-methoxy henyl~-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl~((2 6 diisooro~yl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carbox~rlic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDC13, 8) 8.29 (1 H, bs), 7.39 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.29 (1 H, m), 7.15 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.93 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.85 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.83 (1 H, dd, J~&2Hz), 6.74 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.91 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.96 (1 H, d, J=lOHz), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.73 (1 H, m), 3.55 (1 H, dd, J=12&6), 3.50 (1 H, d J=l8Hz), 3.14 (2H, m), 3.01 (1 H, d, J=l8Hz), 2.84 (2H, m), 1.16 (6H, d, J=8Hz), 1.05 (6H, d J=8Hz).
MS
(DCI, NH3) m/e 559 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for C33H3gN20g~ 0.5 H20: C; 69.82, H, 6.92, N, 4.93. Found: C, 69.69, H, 6.63, N, 4.89.
Example 22 trans.traps-2-l4-methoxylph2nyl)-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1;x(2 6-diethyl-4-methvllahenvlaminocarbonylmethyl)-p~rrrolidine-3-carbo~rlic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 19.
iH NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.20 (1 H, bs), 7.38 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.92 {4H, m), 6.86 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.82 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.91 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.95 (1 H, d, J=1 OHz), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.72 (1 H, m), 3.55 (1 H, dd, J=9&2Hz), 3.45 (1 H, d J=l8Hz), 3.13 (2H, m), 3.00 (1 H, d, J=l8Hz), 2.39 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 2.28 (3H, s), 1.07 (6H, t, J=9Hz). NMR (DCI, NH3) 545 m/e (MH+). Anal.
calcd. for C3zH3sNz~s ~ 0.5 H20: C, 69.42, H, 6.74, N, 5.06. Found: C, 69.43, H, 6.57, N, 4.94.
Exam f~,e 23 (2R.3R.4S1-2-(4-ethoxy henyl)-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl,)-1-~(2 6-diethvllahenvlaminocarbonylmethyly-l~yrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared from the racemic amino ester of Example 10 according to the procedures of Example 20. 1 H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.32 (1 H, bs), 7.38 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.21 (1 H, m), 7.12 (2H, d, J=1 OHz), 6.90 (3H, m), 6.83 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), 6.74 (i H, d, J=9Hz), 5.94 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.92 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 4.05 ~35 (2H, m), 3.96 (1 H, d, J=lOHz), 3.72 (1 H, m), 3.53 (1 H, dd, J=10&3Hz), 3.47 (1 H, d, J=l8Hz), 3.13 (2H, m), 3.02 (1 H, d J=lBHz), 2.44 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 1.42 (3H, t, J=9Hz), 1.08 (6H, t, J=9Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 545 (MH+). Anal. caicd. for C32H3sN2~s~

H20: C, 69.42, H, 6.74, N, 5.06. Found: C, 69.67, H, 6.73, N, 4.98.
Example 24 tr n r ns- - 4-m x n I - - 1 i I- I _ 4-i h I h I min n Im I - rr li in - r i The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 19.
1 H NMR (300MHz, DMSO) 8 7.68 (2H, bs), 7.54 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.27 (2H, m), 6.93 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.83 (2H, m}, 5.98 (2H, s), 3.92 {1 H, d, J=9Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 3.62 (1 H, m), 3.45-3.00 (2H, m), 3.00-2.80 (3H, m), 2.44 (4H, q, J=9Hz), 1.04 (6H, t, J=9Hz).
NMR (DCI, NH3) m/e 575 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for C32H34N2~8' 0.5 H20: C, 65.85, H, 6.04, N, 4.80. Found: C, 66.03, H, 5.84, N, 4.67.
Exarr~nle 25 ~rans.traps-2-(4-methoxychenvl)-4-(1 bPn~nr~~r,Yol 5 yl~(.(-4 vitro i h I h n I min r Im h rr li in - r x li i ~xam~ .25A
2.6-Diet yl-4-nitroaniline To a stirred solution of 2,6-diethylaniline (5.0 g, 34 mmol) in concentrated sulfuric acid (30 mL) at 0 °C was added dropwise concentrated nitric acid (15.9 M, 2.10 mL, 34 mmo!). The cooling bath was removed, and the reaction was stirred for 3 hours at ambient temperature. After pouring the reaction mixture into ice, the solution was neutralized using 4 N sodium hydroxide and extracted with methylene chloride (3 x 50 mL). The extracts were dried with sodium sulfate, and solvents were removed in vacuo to give the title compound.
3o Example ~~B
traps traps-2-(4-m-vohenvl)-4-(1 3 benzodioxnl ~ ~.n ~ ~~4 vitro h I r n r 'n -The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1, substituting the compound of Example 25A for 2,4,6-trimethylaniline in Example 1 D.
~ H NMR (300MHz, CDCIg) 8 8.38 (1 H, bs), 7.77 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 7.38 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.24 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 6.92 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.88 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.82 (1 H, dd, J-8&2Hz), 6.75 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.91 {1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.97 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.74 (1 H, m), 3.48 (2H, m), 3.18 (2H, m), 3.04 (1 H, d, J=l8Hz), 2.63 (2H, m), 2.44 (2H, q, J=9Hz), 1.10 (3H, t, J=9Hz), 1.08 (3H, t, J=9Hz).
MS (DCI, ~5 NH3) m/e 576 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for C31 H33N308~ 0.75 H20: C, 63.20, H, 5.90, N, 7.13. Found: C, 63.30, H, 5.81, N, 7.14.
Example 26 traps.traps-2-(4-methoxvohenvll-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl -L1,-_(!2 isol r~olQyl n methvllahenvlaminocarbonylmethylL~yrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
1H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 8.35 (1 H, bs), 7.39 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.18 (2H, m), 7.07 (1 H, dd, J=9&2Hz), 6.92 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 6.86 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 6.82 (1 H, dd, J=8&2Hz), . 6.75 (1 H, d, J=9Hz), 5.94 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 5.92 (1 H, d, J=2Hz), 3.96 (1 H, d, J=l OHz), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.72 (1 H, m), 3.50 (2H, m), 3.15 (2H, m), 3.02 (1 H, d, J=l8Hz), 2.86 (1 H, m}, 2.09 {3H, s), 1.16 (3H, d, J=8Hz), 1.07 (3H, d J=8Hz). MS (DCI, NH3) m/e 531 (MH+). Anal. calcd. for C31H3aN206~ 0.5 H20: C, 69.00, H, 6.54, N, 5.19.
Found:
C, 69.27, H, 6.67, N, 5.21.
Example 27 traps.traps-2-f4-Methoxvohenyl)-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-arll-1-{N (2 ethyl 6 methoxvlc~henvlaminocarbonyrl~n~thyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Example 27A
~thvl 3-oxo-4-f3-methoxy-2-vitro henkl~rg~ i nat_e Potassium ethyimalonate (3.68 g) was combined with 2.29 g of magnesium chloride in 12 mL of DMF; the reaction mixture was heated at 60 °C for 4 hrs. The resultant mixture was cooled to ambient temperature. Simultaneously, 3-methoxy-nitrobenzoic acid (3.4 g) was dissolved in 12 mL of DMF; 3.06 g of 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole was added (gas evolves), and the resultant solution (after stirring at ambient temperature for 4 hrs) was added to the malonate mixture.
The resultant slurry was stirred at ambient temperature for 14 hrs. Solvents were removed in vacuo; the residue was taken up in EtOAc and washed sequentially with 1 N H3P04, bicarb, and brine, and was concentrated in vacuo..

Example 27B
2-Nitro-3-(1-hydroxvethyl)anisole The compound of Example 27A (3.2 g) was dissolved in 50 mL of 5 concentrated sulfuric acid and stirred at ambient temperature for 48 hrs.
The reaction mixture was poured onto 300 mL of ice and extracted twice with EtOAc. The organic extracts were washed sequentially with water, bicarb, and brine, and were concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was heated neat at 160 °C for 3 hrs. The resultant dark brown residue was extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were 10 concentrated. The crude product was dissolved in 15 mL of ethanol; sodium borohydride (450 mg) was added, and the resultant solution was stirred at ambient temperature for for 2 hrs. The solvents were removed in vacuo; the residue was taken up in 10% aqueous HCI and stirred for 15 min. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc; the organic extracts were washed sequentially with bicarb and brine, and 15 were concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 1:1 EtOAc/hexanes, to give 1.08 g (32%
overall) of the title compound as a colorless oil.
Example 27C
20 2-Ethyl-6-methoxvani line The compound of Example 27B (310 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of THF; 1.5 mL of H3P04 was added, followed by 50 mg of 10% palladium-on-charcoal. The resultant mixture was purged with nitrogen, then placed under a balloon of hydrogen, 25 and stirred overnight. Bicarb was added carefully, and the mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite. The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc; the organic extracts were washed with bicarb and brine, and were concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 1:1 ether/hexanes, to give 102 mg (43% yield) of the title compound as a colorless oil.
Example 27D
traps.traps-2-(4-Methoxvohenvl)-4-{1 3-benzodioxol 5 yl) 1 (N (2 ethyrl 6 methoxv)phenvlaminocarbonylmethyl) pyrroli ine 3 carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared according to the procedures of Example , substituting the compound of Example 27C for 2,4,6-trimethylaniline. j H NMR
(300 MHz, CD30D) 8 1.10 (t, J=8 Hz, 3H), 2.48 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 3.4-3.9 {m, 7H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 5.93 (s, 2H), 6.80 (d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 6.86 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (dd, J=2,8 Hz, 1 H), 7.03 (bd d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J=2 Hz, 1 H), 7.23 (t, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (bd d, J=9 Hz, 2H). MS (APCI) m/e 533 (M+H)+. Anal calcd for C30H32N2p7 . 0.7 TFA: C, 61.59 H, 5.38; N, 4.57. Found: C, 61.27; H, 5.44; N, 4.61.
ExamQle 28 traps.traps-2-l4-iso-Proooxypyj)-4-(1 3-be~~~dioxol-5-vI,L1 (2 6 diethvlohenvlaminocarbr,~,Qylmethy[)-~yL~idine-3-carboxy ' ar~r~
The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
1H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 7.51 (2H, bd d, J--9Hz), 7.22 (1 H, dd, J--8,9Hz), 7.13 (1 H, s), 7.11 (1 H, dd, J--1,BHz), 7.05 (1 H, d, J--2Hz), 6.99 (2H, bd d, J--9Hz), 6.91 (1 H, dd, J--2,8Hz), 6.78 (1 H, d, J=8Hz), 5.93 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 5.92 (1 H, d, J=3Hz), 4.64 (1 H, septet, J--7Hz), 3.80 (3H, m), 3.55 (2H, m), 2.47 (4H, q, J=7Hz), 1.33 (6H, dd, J--2,7Hz), 1.09 (6H, t, J=7Hz). MS (ESI+) m/e 559 (M+H+). Anai. Calc for C33H3gN20g ~ 0.7 TFA: C, 64.71, H, 6.11, N 4.39. Found: C, 64.54, H, 5.78, N, 4.21.
Exam~~~
traps.traps-~(2-Fluoro-4-Prooo~yl~,~r,yIL4-~1 3-benzodioxol y~)~,(2 6 diethvlohenylaminocarbonvlmethYJ,)-~yrrolidine 3 carboxyr ' arid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
1 H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 1.06 (t, 3H, J=7Hz), 1.09 (t, 6H, J=7Hz), 1.83 (m, 2H), 2.44 (q, 4H, J=7Hz), 3.4-3.9 (m, 5H), 3.99 (t, 2H, J=6Hz}, 5.95 (dd, 2H, J=1,2Hz), 6.8-6.9 (m, 4H), 7.03 (d, 1 H, J=2Hz), 7.11 {d, 1 H, J=8Hz), 7.13 {s, 1 H), 7.22 (dd, 1 H, J=7,9Hz), 7.63 (t, 1 H, J=9Hz). MS (ESI+) m/e 577 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C33H37N20gF~ 1.OTFA: C, 60.87, H, 5.55, N 4.06. Found: C, 60.74, H, 5.61, N, 3.97.
Examlhe 3030 traps.traps-2-(4-(2-Methoxvethoxy,)~~ I Pnyl}-~1 3-benzodiox9l 5 yl~,1 (2 6 diethvlohenvlaminocarbon,~rfmethyl)-~y r i ine ~ ~art,r,xylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1.
1 H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 1.08 (t, J=7Hz, 6H), 2.43 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.00 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.75-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.93 (d, J=7Hz, 1 H), 4.12-4.17 (m, 2H), . 5.94 (dd, J=2Hz, 4Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.82 (dd, J=2Hz, 9Hz, 1 H), 6.87 {d, J=2Hz, 1 H), 6.95 (d, J=BHz, 1 H), 7.10 (d, J=6Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.37 (d, d=8Hz, 2H), 8.29 (s, 1 H). MS (APCI+) m/e 575 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C33H3sN2O7:
C, 68.97 H, 6.67, N 4.87. Found: C, 68.92, H, 6.83, N, 4.77.
Examl le OA
Ethvl f4-(2-methoxyethoxy benzoy~-acetate Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate was reacted with 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane, and potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide. The resultant ester was hydrolyzed to the acid with NaOH in alcohol. This acid was reacted with carbonyl diimidazole in THF; the resulting imidazolide was reacted with the potassium salt of the mono ethyl ester of malonic acid, and magnesium chloride, to give the title compound as a colorless oil.
1 ~ Examl Ip a 30B
traps.traps-2-(4-(2-Methoxvethoxy~,~ heny! -L4-(1 3 be~zodioxol 5 yIL,1 "~2 6 diethvlohenvlaminocarbonylmeth~)-IQyrrrolidine '~ ~arboxviic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1, employing the b-ketoester described above as starting material. 1 H NMR
(300MHz, CDC13) d 1.08 (t, J=7Hz, 6H), 2.43 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.00 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.75 (m, i H), 3.75-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.93 (d, J=7Hz, 1 H), 4.12-4.17 (m, 2H}, 5.94 (dd, J=2Hz, 4Hz, 2H}, 6.75 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.82 (dd, J=2Hz, 9Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (d, J=2Hz, 1 H), 6.95 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 7.10 (d, J=6Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.37 (d, d=8Hz, 2H), 8.29 (s, 1 H). MS
(APCI+) m/e 575 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C33H38N2O7: C, 68.97 H, 6.67, N 4.87.
Found: C, 68.92, H, 6.83, N, 4.77.

The following compounds of Examples 31- 857 can be prepared using the methods described in the above examples.

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Exam I~e 858 traps.traps-2-(4-Methoxyr)~~vl-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yrl)-~! -2 6 diethvlc~heny~,)~aminoca.rhonyr~amino~~yrrrolidine3-carbox~yrlic a~~, Example 858A
Ethvl traps.traps-2-(4-methoxy)phenyl-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl~-1-amino-pyrrolidine 3-carboxvlate To a solution of 1.OOg (2.71 mmol~, ethyl traps,traps-2-(4-methoxy}phenyl-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate in 6 mL of acetonitrile was added a solution of 1.18 g (10.4 mmol) of hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid in 2 mL of H20. The homogeneous reaction mixture warmed spontaneously, and was stirred for 20 minutes, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 15 mL of ethyl acetate and extracted with 0.7M NaHC03 solution (2 x 25 mL), then brine (1 x 10 mL), dried over MgS04, filtered, and concentrated to a thick oil. This consisted of a mixture of the starting pyrrolidine and the corresponding 1-aminopyrrolidine. To a solution of 892 mg (2.2 mmol) of this oil in 10 mL of ethyl acetate was added 700 mg (3.21 mmol) of di-tertbutoxycarbonic anhydride. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min, then concentrated in vacuo. Silica gel chromatography, eluting with 30% EtOAc/Hex, gave 360 mg of ethyl traps,traps-2-(4-methoxy)phenyl-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(tart-butoxycarbonyl)amino-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate as a colorless oil. The desired product was slightly more polar than the tertbutoxycarbonylpyrrolidine. To 360 mg (0.768 mmol) of the Boc hydazine was added 2 mL of trifluoroacetic acid. After stirring for 2h at ambient temperature, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was taken up in 10 mL of 0.6M NaHC03 solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 3 mL). The combined ethyl acetate layers were back extracted with brine (1 x 3 mL), dried over MgS04, filtered, and concentrated to 249 mg of a nearly colorless oil.

Example 858B
traps.traps-2-(4-Methoxy)~phenyl-4 ~(1.3-benzodioxol-5-y~,)-1-((N-2.6-diethylphenyl)~aminocarbonyl)amino-~~rrolidine3-carboxyrlic acid To an ice cooled solution of 100 mg (0.670 mmol) of 2,6-diethylaniline in 2 mL
of THF
and 0.4 mL of N,N-diisopropyl-N ethylamine was added 66 mg (0.223 mmol) of triphosgene. The suspension was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min, then a solution of 249 mg (0.645 mmol) of ethyl trans,trans-2-(4-methoxy) phenyl-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-amino-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate in 2 mL of THF was added. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 h, then a 20 mL of 0.6M NaHC03 solution was added. The suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 5 mL), dried over MgS04, filtered, and concentrated to an oil which began to crystallize. This was taken up in a small amount of ethyl acetate, allowed to crystallize, and filtered to give 108 mg (30% from the hydrazine) of ethyl traps,traps-2-(4-Methoxy)phenyl-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((N-2,6-diethylphenyl)aminocarbonyl) amino-pyrrolidine3-carboxylate.
Hydrolysis of the ester was performed as described for other examples to give the title compound as a white solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, ds DMSO) b 1.00 (t, J=7.4, 6H), 2.33 (br t, J=7.OHz, 4H), 2.90 (t, J=9.9Hz, 1 H), 3.38-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 4.11 (d, J=10.3Hz, 1 H), 5.98 (d, J=0.7Hz, 1 H), 5.99 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 6.89 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=7.OHz, 2H), 7.12 (m, 1 H), 7.33 (d, J=1.SHz, 1 H), 7.38 {s, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J=8.8Hz, 2H), 8.02 (s, 1 H), 12.3 (s, 1 H); MS {CDI, m/z) 532 (MH+).
Anal.
Calcd for C3~H33N3~6~ C~ 67.78, H, 6.26, N, 7.90. Found: C, 67.71, H, 6.42, N, 7.82.
f2R.3S.4S1-2f4-(2-methoxyethoxylpheny~-~1 3-benzodioxol-5-KI~-~2 6-diethvlphenyiaminocarbon ly methyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Example 859A
~yl(2R.3S.4Sj-2(4-(2-methoxyrethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1.3-benzodioxol-5-y~-~yrrolidine 3-carboxylate Ethyl traps, traps-2[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)j-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate, from example 30, was reacted with di-ten=butyl dicarbonate, and the resulting product was hydrolyzed with NaOH to give traps, traps -2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)J-4-( 1,3-be nzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidi ne-3-carboxylic acid. This acid was resolved by salt formation with R-(+)- alpha methyl benzylamine. The resolved salt was washed with aqueous HCI to remove the resolving agent, then heated with HCI in ethanol at 70 degrees C for 18 hours to produce ethyl [2R,3S,4S]-2[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)]-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate, which was purified by chromatography on silica gel, eluting with ethyl acetate.
Example 8598 f2R.3S.4Sj-2[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)I henyrlj-4-(1.3-benzoriioxol-~,vll-1-(2 6 diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethylL~yrrolidine-3-carboxyrlic acid The title compound was prepared as described in Example 30, employing the compound of Example 859A as starting material. 1 H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 1.08 (t, J=7Hz, 6H), 2.43 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.00 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.75-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.93 (d, J=7Hz, 1 H), 4.12-4.17 (m, 2H), 5.94 (dd, J=2Hz, 4Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.82 (dd, J=2Hz, 9Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (d, J=2Hz, 1 H), 6.95 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 7.10 (d, J=6Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.37 (d, d=8Hz, 2H), 8.29 (s, 1 H).

Exam Ip a 860 traps, traps-2-(4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy))-4-( 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 30. 1 H
NMR (300MHz, CD30D) 8 1.09 (t, J=7Hz, 6H), 1.23 (t, J=7Hz, 3H), 2.47 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.4-3.55 (broad, 2H), 3.62 (q, J=7Hz, 2H), 3.6-3.9 (broad, 4H), 3.82 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, 2H), 4.4 (broad, 1 H), 5.93 (dd, J=1 Hz,2Hz, 2H), 6.77 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.90 {dd, J=2Hz, 8Hz, 1 H), 7.04 (m, 3H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J=7Hz,9Hz, 2H), 7.44 (m, 2H). MS (ESI+) m/e 589 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C34H40N207Ø5TFA: C, 65.11, H, 6.32, N 4.34. Found: C, 64.81, H, 6.36, N, 4.25.
Exams IQ a 861 traps, traps-2-(4-(2-Isopropoxyethoxy))-4-( 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-I -(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 30. 1 H
NMR (300MHz, CD30D) 8 1.10 (t, J=7Hz, 6H), 1.18 (2, J=7Hz, 6H), 2.47 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.4-3.55 (broad, 2H), 3.6-3.9 (broad, 4H), 3.75 (hept, 1 H, J=7Hz), 3.82 (m, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 4.4-4.5 (broad, 1 H), 5.93 (broad s, 2H), 6.78 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.90 (dd, J=2Hz, 8Hz, 1 H), 7.05 (m, 3H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J=7Hz,9Hz, 2H), 7.56 (m, 2H).
MS (ESI+) m/e 603 {M+H+). Anal. Calc for C35H42N207Ø6TFA: C, 64.79, H, 6.40, N, 4.17. Found: C, 64.40, H, 6.53, N, 4.20.

Examl Ip a 862 traps. traps-2-(4-(2-Propoxy))-4-( 1,4-benzodioxan-b-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by the procedures described in Example 1. 1 H
NMR (300MHz, CD30D) 8 1.06 (t, J=7Hz, 3H), 1.09 (t, J=7Hz, 6H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 2.46 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 3.4-3.5 (broad, 2H), 3.6-3.9 (broad, 4H), 3.95 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 4.22 (s, 4H), 4.4 (broad, 1 H), 6.80 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.92 (dd, J=2Hz, BHz, 1 H), 6.99 (m, 3H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J=7Hz,9Hz, 2H), 7.44 (m, 2H). MS (ESI+) m/e 573 (M+H+), 595 (M+Na+). Anal. Calc for C34H48N206Ø6TFA: C, 65.95, H, 6.38.
N 4.37. Found: C, 65.83, H, 6.40, N, 4.31.
Examr~le 863 traps. traps-2[(4-butoxyphenyl)~~-X1.3-benzodioxol-5yll-1-~2.6-diethyl~ylaminocarbonvlmethylL~yrfolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by using the method of example 30 by substituting 1-bromobutane for 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane. 1 H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) b 0.99 (t, J=7Hz, 3H), 1.08 (t, J=7Hz, 6H), 1.42-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.82 (m, 2H), 2.42 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.00 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.46 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.50-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.93-4.00 (m, 3H), 5.94 (dd, J=2Hz, 4Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=BHz, 1 H), 6.82 (dd, J=2Hz, 9Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (d, J=2Hz, 1 H), 6.93 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 7.10 (d, J=7Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.37 (d, H=8Hz, 2H), 8.30 (s, 1 H). MS (APCI+) m/e (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C34H40N206: C, 71.31 H, 7.04 N, 4.89. Found: C, 71.05 H, 7.09 N, 4.83 Exams Ip a 864 traps, traps-2f4-i(2-methnxy Athoxy)ethoxy}~pj~nyl~-~1 3-ben~n~inYnl ~ y ~ 1 (2 6 diethvlohenylaminocarbony the)-~yrrolidine-3-carboxyr ' acid The title compound was prepared by using the method of example 30 by substituting 1-bromo-2-{2-methoxyethoxy)ethane for 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane. 1 H NMR
(300MHz, CDC13) 8 1.08 (t, J=7Hz, 6H), 2.43 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.00 (d, J= 11 Hz, 1 H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.46 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.44-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.57-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.70-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.88 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 3.93 (d, J=7Hz, 1 H), 4.15 (t, J=7Hz, 2H), 5.94 (dd, J=2Hz, 4Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.82 (dd, J=2Hz, 9Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (d, J=2Hz, 1 H), 6.93 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 7.10 (d, J=7Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.37 (d, H=8Hz, 2H), 8.30 (s, 1 H). MS (APCI+) m/e 619 (M+H+). Anal.
Calc for C35H42N20g: C, 67.94 H, 6.84 N, 4.53. Found: C, 67.49 H, 6.90 N, 4.41.
Example 865 traps. traps-2f(3-oropoxyphenyl))-4-{1 3-benzodioxol-5-vl) 1 (2 6 diethvlnhenylaminocarbonyfmethy~,)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acir~
The title compound was prepared by using the method of example 30 by substituting 1-bromopropane for 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane and methyl 3-hyroxybenzoate for ethyl 4-hyroxybenzoate. 1 H NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 8 1.02 (t, J=7Hz, 3H), 1.08 {t, J=7Hz, 6H), 1.75-1.87 (m, 2H), 2.43 {q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.02 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.09-3.20 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.75 (M, 1 H), 3.90 (t, J=7Hz, 2H), 3.98 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 5.94 (dd, J=2Hz, 4Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.80-6.89 {m, 3H), 6.98-7.05 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.32 (m, 2H), 8.30 (s, 1 H). MS (APCI+) m/e 559 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C33H3g N206: C, 70.94 H, 6.86 N, 5.01. Found: C, 70.65 H, 6.63 N, 4.92.

Example 866 traps.traps-2-l4-(2-methoxy)ether)lohenyl-4-~1.3-benzodioxol-5-vll-1-l,~N-2.6 diethyrlphenyl)aminocarbonyrl)methyl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid ~cample 866A
4-(2-methoxy)ethylbenzoic acid To a 3-necked 50 mL flask fitted with two septa and a nitrogen balloon was added 800 mg (20 mmol) of 60% NaH dispersed in mineral oil. The oil was removed by washing and decanting with hexanes (3 x 5 mL), using a pipette and keeping a positive pressure of N2 over the flask. Next, 5 mL of THF was added, the suspension was cooled with an ice bath, then a solution of 2.01 g (10.0 mmol) of 4-bromophenethanol in 5 mL of THF was added via cannula. The ice bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred for 10 min, then 700 mL (11 mmol) of iodomethane was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, then 1 mL of H20 was added to quench the excess NaH. The reaction was poured into 50 mL of H20, then extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 20 mL). The combined ether layers were back extracted with brine (1 x 20 mL), dried over MgSO,, filtered, and concentrated to 2.088 (97%) of a colorless oil. To a solution of 1.03 g (4.78 mmol) of the above 4-(2-methoxy)ethylbromobenzene in 10 mL of THF was added 400 mg of magnesium turnings, and a crystal of 12. The mixture was heated to reffux under N2 for 5 min, then cooled to ambient temperature. The Grignard reagent was transferred via syringe to a 50 mL 3-necked flask under N2. A balloon of C02 was opened over the reaction, and the red color quickly faded to yellow. After stirring for 1 h at ambient temperature, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in 20 mL of H20 and acidified with 12M HCI to pH=1, then extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 10 mL). The combined ether layers were back extracted with 2M NaOH (3 x 5 mL), then the combined NaOH layers were extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 5 mL).
The basic layers were treated with 12M HCI until pH= 1, then the product was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 5 mL). The combined ethyl acetate layers were back extracted with brine (1 x 5 mL), dried over MgS04, filtered, and concentrated to 427 mg (50%) of 4-(2-methoxy)ethylbenzoic acid as a yellow solid. The yellow impurity did not interfere with any subsequent reactions.
Example 8668 ins.traps-2-(4-(2-methoxy}ethy!)~~,~nyl-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl~~(N-2 6-diethvlnhenvl)aminocarbonyl)methyrl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Prepared according to the procedures described in Example 1. 'H NMR (300 MHz, ds DMSO) 8 1.00 (t, J=7.5Hz, 6H), 2.40 (q, J=7.5Hz, 4H), 2.66 (t, J=8.3Hz, 1 H), 2.79 (t, J=6.8Hz, 2H), 2.87 (d, J=15.6Hz, 1 H), 3.00 (t, J=9.2Hz, 1 H), 3.20 (d, J=15.9Hz, 1 H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.42-3.47 (rn, 1 H), 3.53 (t, J=6.9Hz, 1 H), 3.60 (m, 1 H), 3.91 (d, J=9.5Hz, 1 H), 5.94 (s, 2H), 6.76 (d, J=7.8Hz, 1 H), 6.84 (dd, J=1.4Hz, 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.08 (d, J=7.5Hz, 2H}, 7.17 (d, J=6.4Hz, 3H), 7.22 (d, J=1.4Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 9.21 (s, 1 H); MS (CDI m/z) 559 (MH'); Anal. Calcd for C33H38N206~0.20 H3P04.
C, 68.54, H, 6.73, N, 4.84. Found C, 68.28, H, 6.46, N, 4.82.
f=xamnle 867 traps. traps-2[~2-methoxyethoxyyl i nyl]-4-j1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl}-~2 6 diethvlphenvlaminocarbonvlmethyl)pvrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid The title compound was prepared by using the method of example 30 by substituting methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate for methyl 4-hyroxybenzoate. 1 H NMR
(300 MHz, CDC13) S 1.08 (t, J=7Hz, &H), 2.43 (q, J=7Hz, 4H), 3.00-3.20 {m, 3H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.50 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.75 {m, 1 H), 3.75 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 3.98 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 4.11 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 5.94 (dd, J=2Hz, 4Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 6.80-fi.89 (m, 3H), 7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.32 (m, 2H), 8.30 (s, 1 H). MS (APCI+) m/e 575 (M+H+) Anal. Calc for C33H38N2O7: C, 68.97 H, 6.67 N, 4.87. Found: C, 68.78 H, 6.84 N, 4.72.

Exams Ip a 868 traps. traps-2[(2-methyl-4-pnoxy hen~1)1-4-(1.3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-~2.6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-~yrrolidine-3-carboxvli Example 868A
Ethyl (4-pro~oxy-2-methKlbenzoyrl)~ acetate 4-Hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone was reacted with 1-bromopropane and potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide to give 4-propoxy-2-methylacetophenone. This compound was reacted with diethyl carbonate, using the method described in example 15B to provide the title compound.

Example 8688 traps. traps-2'[j2-methyl-4-~ r~o~xyRhenyl)]-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-y~_1~2 6-diethvll henylaminocarbonylmethyl)-l;~ylrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Prepared using the procedures described in Example 30, employing the compound of Example 868A as starting material. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 1.02 (t, J=7Hz, 3H), 1.08 {t, J=7Hz, 6H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.48 (q, J=7Hz, 4H}, 2.98 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.06-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.39 (d, J=11 Hz, 1 H), 3.50-3.58 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.90 (t, J=7Hz, 2H), 4.28 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 5.94 (dd, J=2Hz, 4Hz, 2H), 6.70-6.88 (m, 5H), 7.08-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.48 (d, J=8Hz, 1 H), 8.28 (s, 1 H). MS
(APCI+) m/e 773 (M+H+). Anal. Calc for C34H40N2~6~ C~ 70.56 H, 7.79 N, 4.33. Found:
C, 70.16 H, 7.70 N, 4.26.
Exam Ip a 869 traps.traps-2-f4-f3-methoxv)aroinyll henyl-4-(1 3-benzodioxol-5-yl~(~N 2 6-diethvlahenvl)aminocarbonyl)methyl-pyrrc~,iidine-3-carboxylic acid Example 869A
4-(3-methoxy)~~pylbenzoic acid To a mixture of lO.Og (46.5 mmol) of methyl 4-bromobenzoate, 325 mg (1.45 mmol) of palladium(II)acetate, 15.1 g (51.0 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium chloride, and 13.78 (140 mmol) of potassium acetate was added 200 mL of DMF. The mixture was degassed and back filled with N2 twice, then 10 mL of allyl methyl ether was added.
The reaction was stirred at 50 °C for 6h, then at ambient temperature for 66h. The reaction was monitored by TLC (20% ethyl acetate/ hexanes). Additional Pd catalyst (319 mg) was added after this time, as some bromoester remained. After heating at 50 °C under N2 for 2h, the reaction was poured into 1 L of water, and this suspension was divided into two portions for ease of handling. Each was extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 100 mL), then each set of ether layers was back extracted with water (1 x i49 100 mL), saturated aq. NaHC03 solution (1 x 100 mL), and brine (1 x 100 mL), dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The combined crude yield of methyl 4-(3-methoxy-1-propenyl)benzoate and methyl 4-{3-methoxy-2-propenyl)benzoate was 9.17 g. To a mixture of 8.57g (41.6 mmol) of the above and 400 rng of 10%
Pd-C
was added 75 mL of THF. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under 1 atm of H2 for 2h, then the catalyst was filtered away, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Purification via a 15% ethyl acetate/hexanes column gave 3.35 g (39%) of methyl 4-(3-methoxypropyl)benzoate as a colorless oil. This material was combined with 20 mL of 1.39M NaOH in 5:1 ethanol:H20. The reaction was heated at reflux for 30 min, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in 25 mL of H20, then 40 mL of 1 M HCI was added. The mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (3 x mL), then the combined ether layers were back extracted with brine (1 x 25 mL), dried over MgS04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to 3.03 g (97%) of 4-(3-methoxy)propylbenzoic acid as a white solid.
Example 869 trans.trans~(4-( -methox~y~pro~yll henyl-4~j1.3-benzodioxol-5-y1-) 1-(fN-2 6 diethyl,~,pyj)aminocarbony~,)methylpyrrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Prepared according to the procedures of Example 1. 'H NMR (300 MHz, ds DMSO) 8 1.00 (t, J=7.5Hz, 6H), 1.80 (m, 2), 2.41 (q, J=7.5Hz, 4H), 2.62 (t, J=7.7Hz, 2H), 2.86 (t, J=9.7Hz, 1 H), 2.93 (d, J=15.8Hz, 1 H), 3.11 (t, J=9.6Hz, 1 H), 3.18 (d, J=16.2Hz, 1 H), 3.23 {s, 3H), 3.31-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.53 (m, 1 H), 3.95 (d, J=9.9Hz, 1 H), 5.98 (s, 2H), 6.80 {dd, J=1.SHz, 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J=1.SHz, 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.10 {d, J=7.OHz, 2H), 7.18 (m, 3H), 7.28 (d, J=1.SHz, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1 H), 9.28 (s, 1 H);
MS (CDI m/z) 571 (MH+); Anal. Calcd for C34H40N206 0.05H3P04: C, 70.70, H, 7.00, N, 4.85. Found: C, 70.68, H, 6.91, N, 4.62.
As an indication that the compounds described herein act through binding to endothelia receptors, the compounds have been evaluated for their ability to displace endothelia from its receptor.

Binding Assay .~T Rece for Preparation of membranes from Porcine cerebellum:
Porcine cerebellum was homogenized in 25 volumes (w/v) of 10 mM Hepes (pH 7.4) containing 0.25 M sucrose and protease inhibitors (3 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM
PMSF, and 5 Ng/ml Pepstatin A) by 3-10 sec polytron at 13,500 rpm with 10 sec intervals. The mixture was centrifuged at 1000xg for 10 min. The supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 30,OOOxg for 30 min. The precipitate was resuspended in Buffer A (20 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCI, 10 mM MgCl2, pH 7.4) containing the aforementioned protease inhibitors and centrifuged again. The final pellet was resuspended in Buffer A containing protease inhibitors and stored at -80°C until used. Protein content was determined by the Bio-Rad dye-binding protein assay.
[251]ET-3 binding to membranes:
Binding assays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates pretreated with 0.1 % BSA. Membranes prepared from cells were diluted 100 fold in Buffer B (20 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCI, 10 mM MgCl2, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA, 0.1 mM PMSF, 5 Ng/mL Pepstatin A, 0.025% bacitracin, and 3 mM EDTA) to a final concentration of 0.2 mg/mL of protein. In competition studies, membranes (0.02 mg) were incubated with 0.1 nM of [1251]ET-3 in Buffer B (final volume: 0.2 mL) in the presence of increasing concentrations of unlabeled ET-3 or a test compound for 4 hours at 25 °C. After incubation, unbound ligands were separated from bound ligands by a vacuum filtration method using glass-fiber filter strips in PHD cell harvesters (Cambridge Technology, Inc., MA), followed by washing the filter strips with saline (1 mL) for three times. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 1 NM ET-1. The data are shown in Table 1. The per cent inhibition at a concentration of 1 p.M is shown.
The data show that the compounds of the invention bind to the endothelin receptor.

Table 1 Binding Data Inhibition % Inhibition Example of Example of ETg ETg at 1 ~ at 1 ~IJv, 1 96.4 2 91.5 3 82.1 4 94.0 96.5 6 92.9 7 94.5 8 93.6 9 94.8 10 95.2 11 96.0 12 96.7 13 91.3 14 96.6 93.4 16 92.3 17 97.1 18 94.9 19 94.9 20 95.5 2i 97.1 22 95.3 23 99.1 24 93.3 95.7 26 98.0 27 98.8 28 97.2 29 94.7 30 97.4 858 98.3 859 95.6 860 93.0 861 96.7 862 92.8 863 92.7 864 96.3 865 92.1 866 92.0 867 93.5 868 96.1 869 98.9 The ability of the compounds of the invention to lower blood pressure can be demonstrated according to the methods described in Matsumura, et al., Eur. J.
Pharmacol. 1~5 103 (1990) and Takata, et al., Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.

(1983).

The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat congestive heart failure can be demonstrated according to the method described in Margulies, et al., Circulation 82 2226 (1990).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat myocardial ischemia can be demonstrated according to the method described in Watanabe, et al., Nature 114 (1990).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat coronary angina can be demonstrated according to the method described in Heistad, et al., Circ. Res.

(1984).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat cerebral vasospasm can be demonstrated according to the methods described in Nakagomi, et al., J.
Neurosurg. 66 915 (1987) or Matsumura, et al., Life Sci. 49 841-848 (1991).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat cerebral ischemia can be demonstrated according to the method described in Hara et al., European. J.
Pharmacol. 197: 75-82, (1991 ).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat acute renal failure can be demonstrated according to the method described in Kon, et al., J. Clin.
Invest. 83 1762 (1989).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat chronic renal failure can be demonstrated according to the method described in Benigni, et al., Kidney Int. 44 440-444 (1993).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat gastric ulceration can be demonstrated according to the method described in Wallace, et al., Am. J.
Physiol.
256 6661 (1989).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity can be demonstrated according to the method described in Kon, et al., Kidney Int. 37 1487 (1990).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat endotoxin-induced toxicity (shock) can be demonstrated according to the method described in Takahashi, et al., Clinical Sci. 79 619 (1990).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat asthma can be demonstrated according to the method described in Potvin and Varma, Can. J.
Physiol. and Pharmacol. C7 1213 (1989).

The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat transplant-induced atherosclerosis can be demonstrated according to the method described in Foegh, et al., Atherosclerosis 7$ 229-236 (1989).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat atherosclerosis can be demonstrated according to the methods described in Bobik, et al., Am. J.
Physiol. 258 C408 (1990) and Chobanian, et al., Hypertension 15 327 (1990).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat LPL-related lipoprotein disorders can be demonstrated according to the method described in Ishida, et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. 44 1431-1436 (1992).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat proliferative diseases can be demonstrated according to the methods described in Bunchman ET and CA
Brookshire, Transplantation Proceed. 2~ 967-968 (1991 ); Yamagishi, et al., Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Comm. 191 840-846 (1993); and Shichiri, et al., J. Clin. Invest.

1867-1871 (1991 ). Proliferative diseases include smooth muscle proliferation, systemic sclerosis, cirrhosis of the liver, adult respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, lupus erythematosus, diabetic retinopathy or other retinopathies, psoriasis, scleroderma, prostatic hyperplasia, cardiac hyperplasia, restenosis following arterial injury or other pathologic stenosis of blood vessels.
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat acute or chronic pulmonary hypertension can be demonstrated according to the method described in Bonvallet et al., Am. J. Physiol. ?~ H1327 (1994). Pulmonary hypertension can be associated with congestive heart failure, mitral valve stenosis, emphysema, lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute repiratory distress syndrome CARDS), altitude sickness, chemical exposure, or may be idiopathic.
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat plaletet aggregation, and thrombosis, can be demonstrated according to the method described in McMurdo et al. Eu. J. Pharmacol. ?~ 51 (1994).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat cancers can be demonstrated according to the method described in Shichiri, et al., J. Clin.
Invest. 87 1867 (1991 ).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat adenocarcinoma can be demonstrated according to the method described in Nelson, et al., Nature Medicine, 1_, (9), 944 (1995).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat IL-2 (and other cytokine) mediated cardiotoxicity and vascular permeability disorders can be demonstrated according to the method described in Klemm et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 92 (1995).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat nociception can be demonstrated according to the method described in Yamamoto et al., J.
Pharmacol.
Exp. Therap. 271 156 (1994).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat colitis can be demonstrated according to the method described in Hogaboam et al (EUR. J.
Pharmacol. 1996, ~9, 261-269}.
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat ischemia-repurfusion injury in kidney transplantation can be demonstrated according to the method described in Aktan et al (Transplant Int 1996, 9_, 201-207).
The ability of the compounds of the invention to treat angina, pulmonary hypertension, Raynaud's disease, and migraine can be demonstrated according to the method described in Ferro and Webb (Drugs 1996, 51,12-27).
The compounds of the present invention can be used in the form of salts derived from inorganic or organic acids. These salts include but are not limited to the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, gfucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesuffonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate and undecanoate. Aiso, the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as loweralkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides, and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides, and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.
Examples of acids which may be employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include such inorganic acids as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid and such organic acids as oxalic acid, malefic acid, succinic acid and citric acid. Basic addition salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of formula (I), or separately by reacting the carboxylic acid function with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation or with ammonia, or an organic primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, cations based on the alkali and alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum salts and the like, as well as nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations, including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethyiammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethyfamine, ethylamine, and the like. Other representative organic amines useful for the 1o formation of base addition salts include diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like.
The compounds of the invention are useful for antagonizing endothelin in a human or other mammal. In addition, the compounds of the present invention are useful (in a human or other mammal) for the treatment of hypertension, acute or chronic pulmonary hypertension, Raynaud's disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial ischemia, reperfusion injury, coronary angina, cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm, chronic or acute renal failure, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug induced gastric ulceration, cyclosporin induced nephrotoxicity, endotoxin-induced toxicity, asthma, fibrotic or proliferative diseases, including smooth muscle proliferation, systemic sclerosis, cirrhosis of the liver, adult respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, lupus erythematosus, diabetic retinopathy or other retinopathies, psoriasis, scieroderma, prostatic hyperplasia, cardiac hyperplasia, restenosis following arterial injury or other pathologic stenosis of blood vessels, LPL-related lipoprotein disorders, transplantation-induced atherosclerosis or atheroscferosis in general, platelet aggregation, thrombosis, cancers, adenocarcinoma, IL-2 and other cytokine mediated cardiotoxicity and permeability disorders, colitis, migraine, and nociception.
Total daily dose administered to a host in single or divided doses may be in amounts, for example, from 0.001 to 1000 mg/kg body weight daily and more usually 0.1 to 100 mg/kg for oral administration or 0.01 to 10 mg/kg for parenteral administration. Dosage unit compositions may contain such amounts of submultiples thereof to make up the daily dose.
The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.

It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.
The compounds of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally, sublingually, by inhalation spray, rectally, or topically in dosage unit formulations containing conventional nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles as desired. Topical administration may also involve the use of transdermal administration such as transdermal patches or iontophoresis devices.
The term parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection, or infusion techniques.
Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-propanediol.
Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
Suppositories for rectal administration of the drug can be formulated according to the known art. The title compound was prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable nonirritating excipient such as cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols which are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum and release the drug.
Solid dosage forms for oral administration may include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose lactose or starch.
Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents.
Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared with enteric coatings.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration may include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water. Such compositions may also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, and sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
The compounds of the present invention can also be administered in the form of liposomes. As is known in the art, liposomes are generally derived from phospholipids or other lipid substances. Liposomes are formed by mono- or multi-lamellar hydrated liquid crystals that are dispersed in an aqueous medium. Any non-toxic, physiologically aceptable and metabolizable lipid capabale of forming liposomes can be used. The present compositions in liposome form can contain, in addition to a compound of the present invention, stabilizers, preservatives, excipients, and the like. The preferred lipids are the phospholipids and phosphatidyl cholines (lecithins), both natural and synthetic.
Methods to form liposomes are known in the art. See, for example, Prescott, Ed., Methods in Cell Bioloav, Volume XIV, Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
(1976), p.
33 et seq.
A representative solid dosage form, for example, a tablet or a capsule, comprises:
Compound of the invention: 35% w/w Starch, Pregelatinized, NF50% w/w Microcrystalline Cellulose, NF 10% w/w Talc, Powder, USP 5% w/w While the compounds of the invention can be administered as the sole active pharmaceutical agent, they can also be used in combination with one or more cardiovascular agents independently selected from diuretics, adrenergic blocking agents, vasodilators, calcium channel blockers, renin inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin 11 antagonists, potassium channel activators and other cardiovascular agents.
Representative diuretics include hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, benzthiazide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, indacrinone, metolazone, spironolactone, triamterene, chlorthalidone and the like or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Representative adrenergic blocking agents include phentoiamine, phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, terazosin, tolazine, atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, propranolol, timolol, carteolol and the like or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Representative vasodilators include hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide, nitroprusside and the like or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Representative calcium channel blockers include amrinone, bencyclane, diltiazem, fendiline, flunarizine, nicardipine, nimodipine, perhexilene, verapamil, gallopamil, nifedipine and the like or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Representative renin inhibitors include enalkiren, zankiren, RO 42-5892, PD-134672 and the tike or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Representative angiotensin II antagonists include DUP 753, A-81988 and the like.
Representative ACE inhibitors include captopril, enalapril, lisinopril and the like or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Representative potassium channel activators include pinacidil and the like or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Other representative cardiovascular agents include sympatholytic agents such as methyldopa, cionidine, guanabenz, reserpine and the like or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The compounds of the invention and the cardiovascular agent can be administered at the recommended maximum clinical dosage or at lower doses.
Dosage levels of the active compounds in the compositions of the invention may be varied so as to obtain a desired therapeutic response depending on the route of administration, severity of the disease and the response of the patient. The combination can be administered as separate compositions or as a single dosage form containing both agents.
When administered as a combination, the therapeutic agents can be formulated as separate compositions which are given at the same time or different times, or the therapeutic agents can be given as a single composition.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the disclosed compounds, processes, compositions and methods.
Variations and changes which are obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope and nature of the invention which are defined in the appended claims.

Claims (36)

What is claimed is:

1. A compound of the formula:

wherein R is -(CH2)m-W wherein m is an integer from 0 to 6 and W is (a) -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, (b) -PO3H2, (c) -P(O)(OH)E wherein E is hydrogen, loweralkyl or arylalkyl, (d) -CN, (e) -C(O)NHR17 wherein R17 is loweralkyl, (f) alkylaminocarbonyl, (g) dialkylaminocarbonyl, (h) tetrazolyl, (i) hydroxy, (j) alkoxy, (k) sulfonamido, (I) -C(O)NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl, aryl or dialkylamino, (m) -S(O)2NHC(O)R16 wherein R16 is defined as above, R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, thioalkoxyalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkenyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, hydroxyalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxyalkyl, heterocyclic, (heterocyclic)alkyl and (R aa)(R bb)N-R cc- wherein R aa is aryl or arylalkyl, R bb is hydrogen or alkanoyl and R cc is alkylene, with the proviso that one or both of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen;
R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- or R6-S(O)2-R7-wherein R5 is (i) a covalent bond, (ii) alkylene, (iii) alkenylene, (iv) -N(R20)-R8- or -R8a-N(R20)-R8-wherein R8 and R8a are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene and alkenylene and R20 is hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, cylcoalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl or (v) -O-R9- or -R9a-O-R9-wherein R9 and R9a are independently selected from alkylene;
R7 is (i) a covalent bond, (ii) alkylene, (iii) alkenylene or (iv) -N(R21)-R10-or -R10a-N(R21)-R10-wherein R10 and R10a are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene and alkenylene and R21 is hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;
wherein R4 and R6 are wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl, cyano, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, and phenyl, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano or (ii) heterocyclic(amino), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene or R3 is R6-S(O)2-R7- wherein R7 is alkylene and R6 is as defined therein.

3. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group or R is tetrazolyl or R is -C(O)-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl or aryl, R1 and R2 are independently selected from (i) loweralkyl, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) substituted or unsubstituted aryl and (iv) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic, and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene or R3 is R6-S(O)2-R7- wherein R7 is alkylene and R6 is as defined therein.

4. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C(O)-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl or aryl, R1 is (i) alkoxyalkyl, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) phenyl, (iv) pyridyl, (v) furanyl or (vi) substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, 8-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene or R3 is R6-S(O)2-R7- wherein R7 is alkylene and R6 is as defined therein.

5. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C(O)-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl or aryl, R1 is selected from the group consisting of (i) alkoxyalkyl, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) phenyl, (iv) pyridyl, (v) furanyl or (vi) substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl,4-isopropxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethyiphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, 8-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofurnayl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5-wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene.

6. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C(O)-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl or haloalkyl, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene.

7. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is alkylene.

8. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl, alkoxy and halo, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano, and R5 is alkylene.

9. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is alkylene.

10. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is methylene.

11. The compound according to Claim 1 of the formula:
wherein R is -(CH2)m-W wherein m is an integer from 0 to 6 and W is (a) -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, (b) -PO3H2, (c) -P(O)(OH)E wherein E is hydrogen, loweralkyl or arylalkyl, (d) -CN, (e) -C(O)NHR17 wherein R17 is loweralkyl, (f) alkylaminocarbonyl, (g) dialkylaminocarbonyl, (h) tetrazolyl, (i) hydroxy, (j) alkoxy, (k) sulfonamido, (l) -C(O)NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl, aryl or dialkylamino, (m) -S(O)2NHC(O)R16 wherein R16 is defined as above, R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, thioalkoxyalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkenyl, alkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkenyl, hydroxyalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxyalkyl, heterocyclic, (heterocyclic)alkyl and (R aa)(R bb)N-R cc- wherein R aa is aryl or arylalkyl, R bb is hydrogen or alkanoyl and R cc is alkylene, with the proviso that one or both of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen;
R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- or R6-S(O)2-R7-wherein R5 is (i) a covalent bond, (ii) alkylene, (iii) alkenylene, (iv) -N(R2o)-R8- or -R8a'N(R20)-R8-wherein R8 and R8a are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene and alkenylene and R20 is hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, cylcoalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl or (v) -O-R9- or -R9a-O-R9- wherein R9 and R9a are independently selected from alkylene;
R7 is (i) a covalent bond, (ii) alkylene, (iii) alkenylene or (iv) -N(R21)-R10-or -R10a-N(R21)-R10- wherein R10 and R10a are independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene and alkenylene and 4-R21 is hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;
wherein R4 and R6 are wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl, cyano, halo, alkoxy, haloalkyl and phenyl and R13,R14,R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano; or (ii) heterocyclic(amino), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

12. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene or R3 is R6-S(O)2-R7- wherein R7 is alkylene and R6 is as defined therein.

13. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group or R is tetrazolyl or R is -C(O)-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl or aryl, R1 and R2 are independently selected from (i) loweralkyl, (ii) cycloafkyl, (iii) substituted or unsubstituted aryl and (iv) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic, and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene or R3 is R6-S(O)2-R7- wherein R7 is alkylene and R6 is as defined therein.

14. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C(O)-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl or aryl, R1 is (i) alkoxyalkyl, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) phenyl, (v) pyridyl, (vi) furanyl or (vi) substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, 8-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene or R3 is R6-S(O)2-R7- wherein R7 is alkylene and R6 is as defined therein.

15. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C(O)-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl, haloalkyl or aryl, R1 is selected from the group consisting of (i) alkoxyalkyl, (ii) cycloalkyl, (iii) phenyl, (iv) pyridyl, (v) furanyl or (vi) substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl,4-isopropxypheyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, 8-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofurnayl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5-wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene.

16. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, tetrazolyl or -C(O)-NHS(O)2R16 wherein R16 is loweralkyl or haloalkyl, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fiuorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is as defined therein and R5 is alkylene.

17. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyf, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is alkylene.

18. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxphenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxoiyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl, alkoxy and halo, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano, and R5 is alkylene.

19. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, or cyano and R5 is alkylene.

20. The compound according to Claim 11 wherein R is -C(O)2-G wherein G is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl, 4-methoxymethoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl wherein the substituent is selected from alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and carboxyalkoxy, R2 is 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, fluorophenyl or difluorophenyl and R3 is R4-C(O)-R5- wherein R4 is wherein R11 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl, and R13, R14, and R15 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, loweralkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxy, aryl, heterocyclic, halo, carboxy, nitro, or cyano and R5 is methylene.

21. A compound selected from the group consisting of trans,trans-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
trans,trans-2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
trans,trans-2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
trans,trans-2-(3-Fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrofidine-3-carboxylic acid;
trans,trans-2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
trans,trans-2-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
trans,trans-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
trans,trans-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid trans,trans-2-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;

[2R,3R,4SJ2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R,3R,4Sj2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
and (2R,3R,4S)-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, trans,trans-2-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2, 6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, trans,trans-2-(2-fluoro-4-propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, trans,trans-2-{4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, trans,trans-2-(4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R,3R,4S]-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, [2R,3R,4S]-2-(4-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, and trans,trans-2-(4-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2, 6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

22. A compound of claim 21 wherein said compound is trans,trans-2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

23. A compound of claim 21 wherein said compound is [2R,3R,4S]2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

24. A compound of claim 21 wherein said compound is [2R,3R,4S]2-(4-Propoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(N-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

25. A compound of claim 21 wherein said compound is (2R,3R,4S)-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-((2,6-diethyl)phenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

26. A compound of claim 21 wherein said compound is trans,trans-2-(4-(2-Methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-diethylphenylaminocarbonylmethyl)-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

27. A pharmaceutical composition for antagonizing endothelia comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

28. A pharmaceutical composition for antagonizing endothelin comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Claim 11 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

29. A method for antagonizing endothelin comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.

30. A method for antagonizing endothelin comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 11.

31. A method for treating treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, restenosis following arterial injury, cerebral or myocardial ischemia or atherosclerosis comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.

32. A method for treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, restenosis following arterial injury, cerebral or myocardial ischemia or atherosclerosis comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 11.

33. A method for treating treating coronary angina, cerebral vasospasm, acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension, acute and chronic renal failure, gastric ulceration, cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity, endotoxin-induced toxicity, asthma, LPL-related lipoprotein disorders, fibrotic or proliferative diseases, platelet aggregation, thrombosis, IL-2 mediated cardiotoxicity, nociception, colitis, vascular permeability disorders, ischemia-repurfusion injury, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, lupus erythematosus, diabetic retinopathy or other retinopathies, psoriasis, schleroderma, prostatic hyperplasia, cardiac hyperplasia, Raynaud's disease, cancers, adenocarcinomas, angina, transplant-induced artherosclerosis, and migraine comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.

34. A method for treating treating coronary angina, cerebral vasospasm, acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension, acute and chronic renal failure, gastric ulceration, cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity, endotoxin-induced toxicity, asthma, LPL-related lipoprotein disorders, fibrotic or proliferative diseases, platelet aggregation, thrombosis, IL-2 mediated cardiotoxicity, nociception, colitis, vascular permeability disorders, ischemia-repurfusion injury, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, lupus erythematosus, diabetic retinopathy or other retinopathies, psoriasis, schleroderma, prostatic hyperplasia, cardiac hyperplasia, Raynaud's disease, cancers, adenocarcinomas, angina, transplant-induced arterosclerosis, and migraine comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 11.

35. A method for treating treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, restenosis following arterial injury, cerebral or myocardial ischemia or atherosclerosis comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1 in combination with one or more cardiovascular agents.

36. A method for treating treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, restenosis following arterial injury, cerebral or myocardial ischemia or atherosclerosis comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 11 in combination with one or more cardiovascular agents.