CA2285729A1 - Method of increasing photosynthesis in plants comprising an exposure thereof to salicylic acid and compositions therefor - Google Patents
Method of increasing photosynthesis in plants comprising an exposure thereof to salicylic acid and compositions therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CA2285729A1 CA2285729A1 CA 2285729 CA2285729A CA2285729A1 CA 2285729 A1 CA2285729 A1 CA 2285729A1 CA 2285729 CA2285729 CA 2285729 CA 2285729 A CA2285729 A CA 2285729A CA 2285729 A1 CA2285729 A1 CA 2285729A1
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- plants
- salicylic acid
- photosynthesis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
Abstract
The present invention relates to agriculture. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of increasing photosynthesis of a plant. In addition, the invention relates to a method of increasing photosynthesis and/or yield in plants comprising an exposure thereof an effective amount of salicylic acid, and compositions therefor.
Description
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
METHOD OF INCREASING PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
PLANTS COMPRISING AN EXPOSURE THEREOF TO SALICYLIC
ACID AND COMPOSITIONS THEREFOR
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to agriculture. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of increasing photosynthesis of a plant. In addition, the invention relates to a method of increasing photosynthesis and/or yield in plants, comprising an exposure thereof to salicylic acid, and compositions therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Salicylate plays a clear role in plant thermogenicity.
Cyanide resistant respiration is induced to generate heat in species contained in a number of plant families (Meeuse & Raskin, 1988). SA
concentrations in the appendix of the Voodoo lily rise just prior to a temperature rise in this organ, and application of SA can trigger a similar temperature rise of up to 12°C (Raskin et al., 1987). SA may play a role in flowering: concentration in the phloem of cocklebur plants rises when they are induced to flower through daylength manipulations (Cleland &
Ajami, 1974). However, benzoic acids and chelating agents can also induce flowering in these plants, and levels of induced plants are not always higher than those in vegetative plants (Raskin 1992). Currently, the role of SA in the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a topic of intense research (Sticher et al., 1997). It has been shown that when SAR is induced SA levels rise and SA, in conjunction with NO have been shown to play a role in hypersensitive response (Delledonne et al., 1998). However, it has recently been shown that mutants, unable to produce SA, are still able to develop SAR (Hunt & Ryals, 1996), leaving the exact role of SA uncertain. Recent work conducted in the laboratory of Smith, has shown that the chronic injection (Zhou & Smith, 1996) of SA
(10 mM from shortly after tasselling until physiological maturity) increases the photosynthetic rate of corn plants (Zhou et al., 1999, J. Agron. Crop.
Science 183(2)). Photosynthetic rates have also been reported to rise when plants are infected by symbionts, most notably rhizobia (Maury et al., 1993), mycorrhizal fungi (Kucey & Paul, 1982) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Zhang et al., 1997). It has been shown that inoculation with two species of PGPR in the genus Serratia improves soybean growth and nodulation by a rapid (within one week) increase in overall plant vigour, including an increase in photosynthesis (Zhang et al., 1997). In addition, some PGPR produce a range of siderophores, including SA. This SA has been thought to have a role in PGPR benefits, at least as far as pathogen resistance is concerned (De Meyer & Hofte, 1997); however, recent evidence casts doubt on these results (Press et al., 1997). Paultiz's group has measured elevated SA levels in plant tissues following inoculation with PGPR known to minimize pathogen effects. Earlier work (Dijak et al., 1985) showed that soybean plants can be "tricked" into higher photosynthetic rates, but will down regulate the process to its original level after a number of days. This has also been observed where COZ fertilization is practiced in greenhouse settings (Wulff & Strain, 1982). It seems that plants have a complex homeostatic system to regulate their most important process.
METHOD OF INCREASING PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
PLANTS COMPRISING AN EXPOSURE THEREOF TO SALICYLIC
ACID AND COMPOSITIONS THEREFOR
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to agriculture. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of increasing photosynthesis of a plant. In addition, the invention relates to a method of increasing photosynthesis and/or yield in plants, comprising an exposure thereof to salicylic acid, and compositions therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Salicylate plays a clear role in plant thermogenicity.
Cyanide resistant respiration is induced to generate heat in species contained in a number of plant families (Meeuse & Raskin, 1988). SA
concentrations in the appendix of the Voodoo lily rise just prior to a temperature rise in this organ, and application of SA can trigger a similar temperature rise of up to 12°C (Raskin et al., 1987). SA may play a role in flowering: concentration in the phloem of cocklebur plants rises when they are induced to flower through daylength manipulations (Cleland &
Ajami, 1974). However, benzoic acids and chelating agents can also induce flowering in these plants, and levels of induced plants are not always higher than those in vegetative plants (Raskin 1992). Currently, the role of SA in the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a topic of intense research (Sticher et al., 1997). It has been shown that when SAR is induced SA levels rise and SA, in conjunction with NO have been shown to play a role in hypersensitive response (Delledonne et al., 1998). However, it has recently been shown that mutants, unable to produce SA, are still able to develop SAR (Hunt & Ryals, 1996), leaving the exact role of SA uncertain. Recent work conducted in the laboratory of Smith, has shown that the chronic injection (Zhou & Smith, 1996) of SA
(10 mM from shortly after tasselling until physiological maturity) increases the photosynthetic rate of corn plants (Zhou et al., 1999, J. Agron. Crop.
Science 183(2)). Photosynthetic rates have also been reported to rise when plants are infected by symbionts, most notably rhizobia (Maury et al., 1993), mycorrhizal fungi (Kucey & Paul, 1982) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Zhang et al., 1997). It has been shown that inoculation with two species of PGPR in the genus Serratia improves soybean growth and nodulation by a rapid (within one week) increase in overall plant vigour, including an increase in photosynthesis (Zhang et al., 1997). In addition, some PGPR produce a range of siderophores, including SA. This SA has been thought to have a role in PGPR benefits, at least as far as pathogen resistance is concerned (De Meyer & Hofte, 1997); however, recent evidence casts doubt on these results (Press et al., 1997). Paultiz's group has measured elevated SA levels in plant tissues following inoculation with PGPR known to minimize pathogen effects. Earlier work (Dijak et al., 1985) showed that soybean plants can be "tricked" into higher photosynthetic rates, but will down regulate the process to its original level after a number of days. This has also been observed where COZ fertilization is practiced in greenhouse settings (Wulff & Strain, 1982). It seems that plants have a complex homeostatic system to regulate their most important process.
There thus remains a need to better understand the workings of the complex homeostatic system which is involved in the regulation of photosynthesis. Moreover, there remains a need to assess the role of SA on photosynthesis of plants.
In view of asking fundamental questions relating to the physiology of plants, the personnel of D. Smith's laboratory developed a method for the chronic application of solutions into higher plants. While methods for chronic applications (intravenous) have existed for animals for over half a century, such a method had not existed before recently for plants. This new system of injection for plants lead to testing of injection effects of a number of physiologically important compounds, from sugar to phytohormones. The effects of some of the phytohormones were not what would have been anticipated from the published literature.
However, all previous literature involved relatively short applications through various wounds in plant leaves and roots. For a period of over a month, the injection of SA into the pith of the stem tissues of corn under pressure was initiated to try to clarify the conflicting reports relative to the effect of SA on plant physiology. Surprisingly, an increase in the photosynthetic rate was observed following this chronic injection of SA
into the stems of corn plants.
Unfortunately, however, the injection of plants only gives a small indication of what would occur in the field or in more controlled environment, should the application of SA be less direct, not chronic and so forth. It should be understood that chronic injection in plants is an artificial method and that results obtained therewith are not necessarily predictable of routinely used methods and more natural methods of application. In addition, it will be recognized that a chronic injection in corn is not a commercially feasible application method. There thus remains a need to assess whether the results obtained with the artificial application method of SA, by chronic injection of corn stems (Zhou et al.
1999, J. Agron. Crop Sc. 183(2)), can be reproduced with commercially feasible types of application of SA to corn and whether an acute application (as opposed to a chronic one) will also show the same type of response to SA treatment. It also remains to be determined whether plants other than corn could benefit from a treatment with an agricultural composition comprising SA.
The present invention seeks to meet these and other needs.
The present description refers to a number of documents, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns the demonstration that spraying of SA on the leaves of plants significantly increases the photosynthetic rate thereof. The present invention therefore relates to compositions to increase the photosynthetic rate of plants in general. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of increasing the photosynthetic rate of plants in general, comprising an application of an agriculturally effective dose of SA. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to an acute application of SA to a spraying of the leaves of the plants and to its effect on the yield of field grown plants.
While the present invention has been demonstrated using corn and soybean, the invention should not be so limited. Indeed, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, that corn and soybean, two evolutionary distant types of plants, respond similarly to application of SA. Therefore, it is expected that other types of plants should respond similarly to the SA application, by 5 displaying an increase in the photosynthetic rate and/or yield of plants.
Based on the evolutionary divergence of corn and soybean, which both display an increased photosynthetic rate after SA
treatment, the present invention relates to compositions and methods for different plant families such as Poaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae and Solonaceae. More specifically, crops within the scope of the present invention include without limitation corn, cotton, cantaloupe, cucumber, canola, lettuce, potato and beet. Non-limiting examples of crop plants also include monocot, dicot, members of the grass family (containing the cereals), and legumes.
Thus, the present invention relates to agricultural compositions comprising at least SA (and methods of using same) for promoting photosynthetic rate increases and/or increase in yield of a crop. It should be clear to a person skilled in the art that other photosynthetic rate increasing-, and/or yield increasing compounds could be added to the compositions of the present invention.
While the photosynthetic rate and/or yield enhancing capabilities of the compositions of the instant invention are demonstrated with corn and soybean, it is expected that other crops should also show the same type of response to SA treatment. These plants include without limitation significantly divergent plants in eight distinct families: (1) corn, the only monocot tested herein, in the family of grasses (Poaceae), which also contains the cereals; (2) cucumber and cantaloupe, the latter being a plant used horticulturally, and being slow to germinate at low temperature [its base temperature is about 14°C] (Cucurbitaceae); (3) cotton, one of the most important fibre crops on the planet (Malvaceae);
(4) lettuce (Asteraceae); (5) beet (Chenopodiaceae); (6) potato, a very important crop (Solonaceae, which also includes tobacco, peppers and tomato); and two families of legumes (7) canola, representing the mustard group (Brassicaceae) and (8) soybean (representative of oil seed crop), bean (representative of a crop for human consumption) and red clover and alfalfa (forage legumes) (all of the Fabaceae family).
In view of the evolutionary distance between corn and soybean, and of the similar results obtained with these different crop plants, it can be predicted that such results will apply to crop plants in general. It follows that a person skilled in the art can adapt the teachings of the present invention to other crops. Non-limiting examples thereof include tobacco, tomato, wheat, barley, rice, sunflower and plants grown for flower production (daisy, carnation, pansy, gladiola, lilies and the like).
It will be understood that the compositions can be adapted to specific crops, to meet particular needs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Having thus generally described the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration a preferred embodiment thereof, and in which:
Figure 1 shows the effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis of soybean;
Figure 2 shows the effect of salicylic acid on percent increase in photosynthesis of soybean;
In view of asking fundamental questions relating to the physiology of plants, the personnel of D. Smith's laboratory developed a method for the chronic application of solutions into higher plants. While methods for chronic applications (intravenous) have existed for animals for over half a century, such a method had not existed before recently for plants. This new system of injection for plants lead to testing of injection effects of a number of physiologically important compounds, from sugar to phytohormones. The effects of some of the phytohormones were not what would have been anticipated from the published literature.
However, all previous literature involved relatively short applications through various wounds in plant leaves and roots. For a period of over a month, the injection of SA into the pith of the stem tissues of corn under pressure was initiated to try to clarify the conflicting reports relative to the effect of SA on plant physiology. Surprisingly, an increase in the photosynthetic rate was observed following this chronic injection of SA
into the stems of corn plants.
Unfortunately, however, the injection of plants only gives a small indication of what would occur in the field or in more controlled environment, should the application of SA be less direct, not chronic and so forth. It should be understood that chronic injection in plants is an artificial method and that results obtained therewith are not necessarily predictable of routinely used methods and more natural methods of application. In addition, it will be recognized that a chronic injection in corn is not a commercially feasible application method. There thus remains a need to assess whether the results obtained with the artificial application method of SA, by chronic injection of corn stems (Zhou et al.
1999, J. Agron. Crop Sc. 183(2)), can be reproduced with commercially feasible types of application of SA to corn and whether an acute application (as opposed to a chronic one) will also show the same type of response to SA treatment. It also remains to be determined whether plants other than corn could benefit from a treatment with an agricultural composition comprising SA.
The present invention seeks to meet these and other needs.
The present description refers to a number of documents, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns the demonstration that spraying of SA on the leaves of plants significantly increases the photosynthetic rate thereof. The present invention therefore relates to compositions to increase the photosynthetic rate of plants in general. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of increasing the photosynthetic rate of plants in general, comprising an application of an agriculturally effective dose of SA. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to an acute application of SA to a spraying of the leaves of the plants and to its effect on the yield of field grown plants.
While the present invention has been demonstrated using corn and soybean, the invention should not be so limited. Indeed, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, that corn and soybean, two evolutionary distant types of plants, respond similarly to application of SA. Therefore, it is expected that other types of plants should respond similarly to the SA application, by 5 displaying an increase in the photosynthetic rate and/or yield of plants.
Based on the evolutionary divergence of corn and soybean, which both display an increased photosynthetic rate after SA
treatment, the present invention relates to compositions and methods for different plant families such as Poaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae and Solonaceae. More specifically, crops within the scope of the present invention include without limitation corn, cotton, cantaloupe, cucumber, canola, lettuce, potato and beet. Non-limiting examples of crop plants also include monocot, dicot, members of the grass family (containing the cereals), and legumes.
Thus, the present invention relates to agricultural compositions comprising at least SA (and methods of using same) for promoting photosynthetic rate increases and/or increase in yield of a crop. It should be clear to a person skilled in the art that other photosynthetic rate increasing-, and/or yield increasing compounds could be added to the compositions of the present invention.
While the photosynthetic rate and/or yield enhancing capabilities of the compositions of the instant invention are demonstrated with corn and soybean, it is expected that other crops should also show the same type of response to SA treatment. These plants include without limitation significantly divergent plants in eight distinct families: (1) corn, the only monocot tested herein, in the family of grasses (Poaceae), which also contains the cereals; (2) cucumber and cantaloupe, the latter being a plant used horticulturally, and being slow to germinate at low temperature [its base temperature is about 14°C] (Cucurbitaceae); (3) cotton, one of the most important fibre crops on the planet (Malvaceae);
(4) lettuce (Asteraceae); (5) beet (Chenopodiaceae); (6) potato, a very important crop (Solonaceae, which also includes tobacco, peppers and tomato); and two families of legumes (7) canola, representing the mustard group (Brassicaceae) and (8) soybean (representative of oil seed crop), bean (representative of a crop for human consumption) and red clover and alfalfa (forage legumes) (all of the Fabaceae family).
In view of the evolutionary distance between corn and soybean, and of the similar results obtained with these different crop plants, it can be predicted that such results will apply to crop plants in general. It follows that a person skilled in the art can adapt the teachings of the present invention to other crops. Non-limiting examples thereof include tobacco, tomato, wheat, barley, rice, sunflower and plants grown for flower production (daisy, carnation, pansy, gladiola, lilies and the like).
It will be understood that the compositions can be adapted to specific crops, to meet particular needs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Having thus generally described the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration a preferred embodiment thereof, and in which:
Figure 1 shows the effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis of soybean;
Figure 2 shows the effect of salicylic acid on percent increase in photosynthesis of soybean;
Figure 3 shows the effect of salicylic acid on leaf area of soybean; and Figure 4 shows the effect of salicylic acid on shoot dry weight of soybean.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictive description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing which is exemplary and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention therefore demonstrates that the application of SA to the leaves of soybean plants increases their photosynthetic rates, leading to increased dry matter production. Thus, the present invention provides a new method (and compositions therefor) of increasing yield of plants and especially of soybean and corn.
Moreover, preliminary data show that an increase in yield following SA
treatment of soybean and corn, is also observable under field conditions.
The present invention is illustrated in further detail by the following non-limiting example.
Effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis of soybean Materials and Methods Salicylic acid:
Salicylic acid (analytical grade) was purchased from Anachemia Science (Montreal, Canada). The Required amount of salicylic acid was dissolved in few drops of dimethyl sulfoxide and the volume was made with distilled water to give a final concentration of 10-3M.
Plant Material:
Soybean (cv Bayfield) seed was surface sterilized with 2% sodium hypochlorite and germinated in autoclaved vermiculite.
Seedlings, at the two leaf stage, was transplanted into 7 inches plastic pots containing promix. Pots were placed in a green house maintained at 2212°C with a day/night cycle of 16/8h. Plants were watered as required.
Salicylic acid treatment:
Twenty day old plants were sprayed with salicylic acid solution until dripping, with an automizer (Nalgene, USA). Each plant required about 5ml of spray solution. Plants sprayed with 0.02% Tween 20 served as the control. Each treatment was replicated three times and organized on the green house bench in a randomized block design.
Data collection:
Photosynthesis of the second nodal leaf from the top was recorded every 24h using a Li-Cor 6400 portable photosynthesis system. Data were analyzed with Statistical Analysis System (SAS Inc., NC, USA). Percent increase in photosynthesis over the control was calculated. Multiple means comparisons were conducted with an ANOVA
protected LSD test.
Results Salicylic acid spray increased the photosynthesis of soybean (Table 1, Figs.1 & 2) at 10-3M . The photosynthesis rate increased from day 1 up to day 5 after which it decreased and reached levels not different from the control plants. Figures 3 and 4 show the percent increase in photosynthesis of salicylic acid treated plants over that of the control. Photosynthesis increased gradually and peaked at 4 days after treatment. Leaf area and shoot dry weight of treated plants were higher than those of the untreated ones (Table 2, Figs. 4 & 5).
Effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis (Nmol m-2 sec'') of soybean Treatment Days after treatment Control 11.2 8.1 10.1 12.1 10.4 Salicylic acid 13.8* 11.1 * 15.3 17.6 14.6*
(10-3M) Effect of salicylic acid on leaf area and shoot dry weight of soybean Treatment Leaf Area Shoot Dry Weight (cm2) (mg) Control 188.0 951.6 Salicylic acid 202.6 985.5 (10-3M) The data included herein demonstrate that an application of SA to the leaves of soybean plants increases their photosynthetic rates, leading to increased dry matter production. In addition, field work has shown increases in both soybean and corn relative to controls. These two species were chosen because they are important crop plants in North America and because they are very different in several ways. First, they are very distantly related. Soybean is a dicot and corn is a monocot. In addition, the two crop species represent the two most important photosynthetic physiologies, soybean being a C3 plant and corn a C4 plant. Thus, it can be anticipated that the enhancement of photosynthesis by SA application will be present in a wide range of plants.
In some treatments, repeated applications of SA were made and it was shown that the plant was able to respond to more than one application of SA. At the time of this filing, quantitative data are not yet available for the field-grown material but visual observations suggest large differences (more branches and more pods on each plant) for at least soybean. Nevertheless, it appears that yield of corn is also enhanced by the treatment of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described hereinabove by way of preferred embodiments thereof, it can be modified, without departing from the spirit and nature of the subject invention as defined in the appended claims.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictive description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing which is exemplary and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention therefore demonstrates that the application of SA to the leaves of soybean plants increases their photosynthetic rates, leading to increased dry matter production. Thus, the present invention provides a new method (and compositions therefor) of increasing yield of plants and especially of soybean and corn.
Moreover, preliminary data show that an increase in yield following SA
treatment of soybean and corn, is also observable under field conditions.
The present invention is illustrated in further detail by the following non-limiting example.
Effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis of soybean Materials and Methods Salicylic acid:
Salicylic acid (analytical grade) was purchased from Anachemia Science (Montreal, Canada). The Required amount of salicylic acid was dissolved in few drops of dimethyl sulfoxide and the volume was made with distilled water to give a final concentration of 10-3M.
Plant Material:
Soybean (cv Bayfield) seed was surface sterilized with 2% sodium hypochlorite and germinated in autoclaved vermiculite.
Seedlings, at the two leaf stage, was transplanted into 7 inches plastic pots containing promix. Pots were placed in a green house maintained at 2212°C with a day/night cycle of 16/8h. Plants were watered as required.
Salicylic acid treatment:
Twenty day old plants were sprayed with salicylic acid solution until dripping, with an automizer (Nalgene, USA). Each plant required about 5ml of spray solution. Plants sprayed with 0.02% Tween 20 served as the control. Each treatment was replicated three times and organized on the green house bench in a randomized block design.
Data collection:
Photosynthesis of the second nodal leaf from the top was recorded every 24h using a Li-Cor 6400 portable photosynthesis system. Data were analyzed with Statistical Analysis System (SAS Inc., NC, USA). Percent increase in photosynthesis over the control was calculated. Multiple means comparisons were conducted with an ANOVA
protected LSD test.
Results Salicylic acid spray increased the photosynthesis of soybean (Table 1, Figs.1 & 2) at 10-3M . The photosynthesis rate increased from day 1 up to day 5 after which it decreased and reached levels not different from the control plants. Figures 3 and 4 show the percent increase in photosynthesis of salicylic acid treated plants over that of the control. Photosynthesis increased gradually and peaked at 4 days after treatment. Leaf area and shoot dry weight of treated plants were higher than those of the untreated ones (Table 2, Figs. 4 & 5).
Effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis (Nmol m-2 sec'') of soybean Treatment Days after treatment Control 11.2 8.1 10.1 12.1 10.4 Salicylic acid 13.8* 11.1 * 15.3 17.6 14.6*
(10-3M) Effect of salicylic acid on leaf area and shoot dry weight of soybean Treatment Leaf Area Shoot Dry Weight (cm2) (mg) Control 188.0 951.6 Salicylic acid 202.6 985.5 (10-3M) The data included herein demonstrate that an application of SA to the leaves of soybean plants increases their photosynthetic rates, leading to increased dry matter production. In addition, field work has shown increases in both soybean and corn relative to controls. These two species were chosen because they are important crop plants in North America and because they are very different in several ways. First, they are very distantly related. Soybean is a dicot and corn is a monocot. In addition, the two crop species represent the two most important photosynthetic physiologies, soybean being a C3 plant and corn a C4 plant. Thus, it can be anticipated that the enhancement of photosynthesis by SA application will be present in a wide range of plants.
In some treatments, repeated applications of SA were made and it was shown that the plant was able to respond to more than one application of SA. At the time of this filing, quantitative data are not yet available for the field-grown material but visual observations suggest large differences (more branches and more pods on each plant) for at least soybean. Nevertheless, it appears that yield of corn is also enhanced by the treatment of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described hereinabove by way of preferred embodiments thereof, it can be modified, without departing from the spirit and nature of the subject invention as defined in the appended claims.
REFERENCES
Delledonne et al., 1998, Nature 394:585-588.
Cleland et al., 1974, Plant Physiol. 54:904-906.
Dijak et al., 1985, Env. Exp. Bot. 25:375-384.
Hunt et al., 1996, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 15:583-606.
Kucey et al., 1982, Soil. Biol. Biochem. 14:407-411.
Maury et al., 1993, Plant Phys. 101:493-497.
Meeuse et al., 1988, Sex Plant Reprod. 1:3-15.
Press et al., 1997, Am. Phytopath. Soc. 10:761-766.
Raskin et al., 1987, Science 237:1545-1556.
Raskin et al., 1992, Plant Physiol. 99:799-803.
Sticher et al., 1997, Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 35:235-270.
Wulff et al., 1982, Can. J. Bot. 60:1084-1091.
Zhang et al., 1997, Ann. Bot. 79:243-249.
Zhou et al., 1999, J. Agron. Crop. Sci. 18_ 3(2).
Zhou et al., 1996, Crop Science 36:452-456.
Delledonne et al., 1998, Nature 394:585-588.
Cleland et al., 1974, Plant Physiol. 54:904-906.
Dijak et al., 1985, Env. Exp. Bot. 25:375-384.
Hunt et al., 1996, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 15:583-606.
Kucey et al., 1982, Soil. Biol. Biochem. 14:407-411.
Maury et al., 1993, Plant Phys. 101:493-497.
Meeuse et al., 1988, Sex Plant Reprod. 1:3-15.
Press et al., 1997, Am. Phytopath. Soc. 10:761-766.
Raskin et al., 1987, Science 237:1545-1556.
Raskin et al., 1992, Plant Physiol. 99:799-803.
Sticher et al., 1997, Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 35:235-270.
Wulff et al., 1982, Can. J. Bot. 60:1084-1091.
Zhang et al., 1997, Ann. Bot. 79:243-249.
Zhou et al., 1999, J. Agron. Crop. Sci. 18_ 3(2).
Zhou et al., 1996, Crop Science 36:452-456.
Claims (4)
1. A method of increasing photosynthesis and/or yield of a crop grown in the field comprising an application of an agricultural composition comprising a photosynthesis rate increasing amount and/or of a yield enhancing amount of SA, together with an agriculturally suitable carrier.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said crop is corn.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said crop is soybean.
4. A composition for increasing photosynthesis and/or yield of a crop grown in the field comprising an agriculturally effective amount of SA and an agriculturally suitable carrier.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2285729 CA2285729A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 1999-10-08 | Method of increasing photosynthesis in plants comprising an exposure thereof to salicylic acid and compositions therefor |
| PCT/CA2000/001191 WO2001026464A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2000-10-06 | Salicyl acid and related phenolic compounds for increasing photosynthesis in plants |
| AU77666/00A AU7766600A (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2000-10-06 | Salicyl acid and related phenolic compounds for increasing photosynthesis in plants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2285729 CA2285729A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 1999-10-08 | Method of increasing photosynthesis in plants comprising an exposure thereof to salicylic acid and compositions therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2285729A1 true CA2285729A1 (en) | 2001-04-08 |
Family
ID=4164346
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2285729 Abandoned CA2285729A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 1999-10-08 | Method of increasing photosynthesis in plants comprising an exposure thereof to salicylic acid and compositions therefor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU7766600A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2285729A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001026464A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZ296300B6 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2006-02-15 | Jihoceská univerzita v Ceských Budejovicích | Composition for inducing increase of formation of biologically active compounds in plants and use thereof |
| JP4719455B2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2011-07-06 | シスメックス株式会社 | Biological sample treatment solution for direct nucleic acid amplification method and direct nucleic acid amplification method |
| PL230888B1 (en) | 2014-08-21 | 2018-12-31 | Inst Wlokien Naturalnych I Roslin Zielarskich | Liquid biostimulator increasing resistance of cultivated plants to stress conditions |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55100304A (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1980-07-31 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | Plant growth regulator |
| SU897194A1 (en) * | 1980-05-14 | 1982-01-15 | Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Ташкентский Институт Инженеров Ирригации И Механизации Сельского Хозяйства | Cotton growth stimulant |
| JPS57212105A (en) * | 1981-06-23 | 1982-12-27 | Chugai Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Plant growth regulating agent |
| DD218826A1 (en) * | 1982-10-11 | 1985-02-20 | Adw Ddr | MEANING INCREASE IN SOY |
| CN1097092A (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-01-11 | 时宏业 | Bingchongbi plant-growth regulator |
| WO1999000016A1 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-07 | Colegio De Postgraduados | Utilization of salicylates to increase the bioproductivity in plants |
| CN1242145A (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2000-01-26 | 蒋长宁 | Application of aspirin for prepn. of 2(acetoxy) benzoic acid soluble powder used as plant growth regulator for agriculture use |
-
1999
- 1999-10-08 CA CA 2285729 patent/CA2285729A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-10-06 AU AU77666/00A patent/AU7766600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-06 WO PCT/CA2000/001191 patent/WO2001026464A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2001026464A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
| AU7766600A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
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