CA2280425C - Aremac incorporating a focus liberator so that displayed information is in focus regardless of where the lens of an eye of a user is focused - Google Patents

Abstract

An aremac having a focus liberator is disclosed. The aremac may be built into wearable information display devices, handheld information display devices, or used as a viewfinder for a wearable or handheld camera. The focus liberator ensures that the information that is displayed to an eye of the user is in sharp focus, regardless of the focus of the lens in the user's eye. If the muscles in the lens of the user's eye relax fully, as when the user would be focusing on an object at infinite distance, the information displayed to the user's eye will be in sharp focus. If the muscles in the lens of the user's eye tense up as when the user would be focusing on an object centimeters away, the information displayed will still remain in sharp focus, and likewise for any other focal distance of the lens of an eye of the user. The aremac with focus liberator is useful for augmented reality, mediated reality, eye-tap cameras, and the like. where displayed information is overlaid onto real world objects, or used to modify the visual appearance of portions of real world objects.

Description

Patent Application of W. Steve G. Mann for AREMAC INCORPORATING A FOCUS LIBERATOR SO THAT
DISPLAYED INFORMATION IS IN FOCUS REGARDLESS OF
WHERE THE LENS OF AN EYE OF A USER IS FOCUSED
of which the following is a specification:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains generally to a camera viewfinder or information display that provides the user with a view of a computer screen, text, graphics, picture data, or the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In photography (and in movie and video production), it is often desirable for a videographer or photographer to look through a camera with one eye, and to keep the other eye open while looking directly at the scene with the other eye.
Amateur photographers often close the eye that is not looking through the viewfinder, whereas more experienced photographers will often keep both eyes open. The camera, eye (the one looking through the viewfinders sets up the composition by aiming the camera, and composing the picture. The noncamera. eye provides a. general aware-ness of the scene beyond the extent that is covered by the camera or shown in the viewfinder.
iVlany viewfinders have a focus adjustment, which is intended for those who would normally wear prescription eyeglasses but remove their glasses while shooting.
The focus adjustment is therefore adjusted to compensate for differences among users.
Ordinarily, once a user sets the focus for his or her particular eyesight condition, that user will llot orflillaril oll~lllt;e tile fc>f lls lllllc'ss lenclillh leis or ller c:alllera, to another person who has a cliffcrc'llt l~rc'ori~~tiou.
Some vicwfinclers sluvh as L11u11~' of thaw' llrc>viclecl lly :35111 crLllera.s clo lc Lt llavc a foclts ad,justnlellt. aufl tllc'refore rlLCwe wllc, v~calr st,rcul~;
corrective ey'cwealr llc:efl to purchaso special lenses to 1 ' illstallccl i111,c~ tlLC' c mucrv viewfiluler opcllilh.
CunlcraL viou-fillclcrs « secl to 1>c' nlaullfacturccl slloll tllilt, the point of focus ill the vicwfillflc'r was iufillity. rcyarcllc'ss of wllerc t he calllera lolls was focused. More lloderu eanleras tellcl to 1>c~ Lua1111faLOturcfl slu'll that tllc 1>c>int of focus is 1 lllctcr. re~axclless of whero the canu'ral lolls is foo ll~.ocl.
Orclillarilv, when lookill~; t.llroll;ll a walllera with ollc cyc, <lllcl viewing the s,cellc' flirectly with the other eye'. tlo'1c' «-ill 1->c a cliflc'reuc'e ill fc>f'lls lletween lllo camera cye~s fixed f'of:us, and the other c ~,~e~s <ll>ilit,v t.c> foows on cliffcrc~llt olljcc'.ts in tile scene.
Sonle vicw-finclcrs aLlc rcsl>cnl;;i~'c t,o a ll~lr~ullc~ter of tlle' cyc of the user, such as where tile e~'e is loolcint;. lost. tllc' ~ellsecl 1>arnllc'turs of t:llc eye mllv affect. t.lle operation of a caluera to which t,lle vies-vfillf lc-'r is colllloct.eol. F,or exalllple, Yalllzmhi Shoichi of CA\Oi~. I_VC'.. iu .II'() t>111>licot,ic>u uunlllcr ()t'~17J2'?;3, llavillg lnllllicrltion chafe 12-07-f)G and apl>liorltion uunlllcr I1~33.5~)33, cliaclc>a('s a view-fillfler havillt; an eye tracker.
2I1 ~Ll'1'llll~E'lllE'llt tlliLt 15 IlSc'(1 111 ('()Illlll('1'C.lilll\' I11~LI111f~11<'t111't'<1 a~:)111111 ('illll('1'11S 111aC1(' 1)V
CA~iO~. Thcsc callleratm lt,; oll t-vllatc'vcr t.lln user is lf>ohill~ at. Hov-evf~r, tile ~'1('«flllflel' Of th(-'~f' <'.21I11('1'll;i 1'f'lllillll~ 111VLL1'ltLllt t() p211'cllll<'t('1'S I)t iLll ('V(' Of thf' W'('111'C'1'.
allf:l the focus of tllo viwvfinclc'r re111~1i11s ;It its Iixccl valve c>f 1 Meter. or the like.
rea.rclless of whc~rc, t,llc' oallcra i~, l~oonsccl.
Herl->cert ~f St,:tt,lcr. ill all iltorllutic>Lll Ila,tellt llavinf;
lllulllo~r V-O 1)G~3G271. en-titled '' I'ROC'ESS ~~D DEVICE FOI3 THE I'~~RAI,LEL C',~PTtIR.E OF VISUAL
IN FOR.IlATIO\'~ clisclc>sf's a ~:lovic c that use's c'~~ctr.lclccrs. cvc' foolls llloawre:lllcllt (lf'V1('('.5 t<> ('()Iltl'<)1 wl pl('tlll'(1 I'f'<'i)1'(llllt'~ ('a,lli('1'a.
T1115 lll'1t)2LI'il.tllh; lltLN 11<) VlE'R'f111CIE'I'. a,llCl sillply rc-'corfls tlle~ seellf' tht the visor lc>c>Ia o.t., usillt; t,llf' user's eyes) to c'ontr'ol the camera.

Sonic viewfinders for o~mzcras may lzc rmuotc tiwm t lzo c zuncr~z. snclz ~~s tlzc: vicwfindel.
lziuir disclosed ly 5iwc>fl. fi.ozmlcl Sivvoff clisclosc~s, in DIL'TSC'HES
PATE\'TAI\IT
9'?1 i G~3 vidcoglosscs ( W~iclcol>rillc~" ) whioli uro c~~-e~ln,ssos ccnztaining two dill}lays, o nc display- few aj left cyc~. <zucl tlo' other disl>loy for a right. cyc.
The glasaes ore con-nected to an external viclcc> cwmu~ra, usccl 1>v the aisttrilly challcngccl to read ;mall print, or the like. The viou-fimlc~rs arc nc>t ucl.jastol~lc, a.nc1 a,rc made to match the needs of am incliviclual Irut foot using t lzenc. Snc lz vie-wvtiudors t c>
uc>t allow- a izscr to easily compose the vicsv from tln~ oazzzcra w~lzile simnltazzeotzsly looking at the scene.
The fi~ecl viewfinder focus is also lilo-~1v to ni~~e rise to ewestr~iiu.
Open -air vice finders arc oltc~n used on evtrc~Illolv low cost cameras, as well as on acme professional oanzcra,s for nse at might wlo~n the light levels u-ould lze t.oo low to tolcra,to any optical loss in tlu~ viewfinclcr. Exa.nzples c>f c>pm air vicv-fiuclers used on 1>rofcssio zzal ca,mcrm, in additic>tz to rogoMw vio«~finclers, iuclmlc tlzosc used on the GrafHcw picas c~mou~ra,s c>f tlic IJ-1()s (which lead tlwce <liffe~rc~mt himls of viewfizldc:rs).
as well as those usccl on aouzc t~s-iu Ices refit .~ oaluleras. Opeu air viewfinders allow the eye of tlzc user to focus uu varic>zzs ol>,jeects izz tlzc ;;cane, at their true depth. However.
szzclz open air viewfinders do mot generally prc>viclc a sha,rplv ~lefiued boundary. The rec;tangnlar l~ounclari~ dc,timol 1>y suolz view-tinclcos is in poor fc>c us.
malting it difficult, for tlzc user of such a eo.tczcr~L to clctemuine t lzc emc t e.~t.e~mt c>f c~covc~rmgc of tho camera.
l~lorcovor. these vicwvfiudcrs hjcl: tlzc rilzilit~- to ~~ltcr the nscr~s perception of reality.
since there is no cwuvcniczzt, tsw,,~ to insert ~~ cc>m1>utzztionolly nzcecliating processor into tlzesc vicwfinclers.
SI1MMARY OF Z: HE INVENTION
Accordingly. tlzc, prc,scnt-, iuvmri.iou comf~risc~s an arcmac with a focus lihcrator.
so that. ozznzcras iuoor~>c>rrn;iy tln~ uremrzc of t.lcc izzvcntiou will allow users to look tlwougll the vicu-fimlcr v-it h c>uc~ ~~y~. rzncl look at tlzc se emc direet,ly with tlzc otlzcr eve. aml enjoy a grua,tl~- rcdzwcxl ~leriree of cwcstrain.

The reclu~~cfl cvcatrrlin is of :;rcpt, i111o)rtallce ill call)dilllcllts of the ila'clltion incorpf>ratefl illtf> \\'c11,1-ll)llc clullcr;ls, llcwoltsf' of the loll;
t.ilno l>erif>fls that \\~erlrable C;11I11(.'I'a,9 llla~' 1)El \\-()1'll f()I'. ill lllll)(11'tilllt 1)lll'1)o';e (lf th(' O\'('11.1'111)1(' ('11111('1'11 1S t0 21110\\' a person to rccorfl llia or her fnlt,it'c~ life. often vecarin1hc apparatus 1G
or lllore hours ll flll~'. :~('C'Ol'Cllll~l\'. t\'('111'al)lf' C;rLlll('1'RS t-lltl,t 115e t h(' t1I'~'lllll(' I11V('lltloll ('1111 1W? \Vn)rrl f~01' I111L11\' 110111'8 llt 11 tllllc \Vallolut: f'~('stl'lllll.
Tllc llrcnlaf-' c(nltaill,s t,\\-o Darts, 1L fliaf>luv olclllfalt. <Llal 1~
fflctls lihf~rator. Tllc arcllac slay also illclnfle other f'fmlpnleltts. such lls 11. l~~lclcli~llt for tllc flisplay, ill cml>oflilaents of the illvmltioll ~wllcrf' the ff)f:ns lilerlltf)r doe s slot culllx)fly ,~ lif;ht so lu'cc.
The term warellmc'~ uriginatc~, frf)m tllf' word '~c;~lllcril.'~ spelled hllckveards, dellot-Ills t,llllt: th<' 111'('11111(' 1S tll(' (-'.~llCt (lI)I)o5lt(' of 21 ('iLlllcl'1L. rlllf' Rr(!Illa(' pl'odllG('S 11~?,'ht lOLlt a ca11er11 is rcsp<)Ll~ive t-f) li~llt. 'I'lu' lLrf'nlaf' is lul outl)ut flcvif'c. m-hercas a calllera is 1111 input do\-ice. The ure111LC is not tlu' aallc as o llr()jf'ctor.
lcf:lluse 1L pro .jector profhlces ray's of li~;llt t 111Lt sllrcad (nlt fi'f)m the prf>,jcctiou leas to strike' a screen.
wllcrf-~lis the arenlll,f w'llell llsefl v~ <I cmllf~rll vicw'fillflcr. fn' tllfe liho. gcllerllll~' prodLtces revs of lihht that llorc fn' lf~ss f'()L1c to~f-~tllf'r to mltcr <lirf'f'tlv itltf> all f-'vc of the wiser.
t~ccorflillg to another a>pect f>f t llf-~ illv<'tlt loll. tllcr(e is hroviflcd al viewfinder suit-1Ll)lf-' fOI' llSf' 111 R,11 1_'.''(' -rr211) ('111111'1'11. .~ll l~S'(' rl,al> ('.11111(''1'11 15 iL ('1L111('1'ft 111 ~b'111C11 llt 1<;ll,5t a I)ortiful of the rrlvs f)f li~;llt tllllt woulfl otllc~l'w~isc c.llter tllc canlero eve of the User is fli\'ertcd int,f) a calllera f>r clun('ra a(?lsor array a lfl then sllf>f>licd tf~ the vie\\-finder of the iavf~lltioll (pf)aailllv aft-,cr fmssill~; thrc)n~ll a 1)rof'cssur).
Tllc divcrter hrf:fera,llh~
flivcrts rays of li~;llt t-,111Lt \~fllllfl c~tllcrw'isc 1)llss tllrou~;ll tllf~ ccatcr of projection of a lolls of 11,11 cyc of the ltscr. I'rcf('rul>ly tlae orfllllllf' proflucxes ra,vs f)f light that lire each collillcllr with allfl rcspollai\'o tc> ~l, oorrcspf)tlflill~; divcrtcfl ra,s f)f libht.
acf'fimlillg to lLnotllcr uspeo.t of the invention. tllcrc is provided an arelnac suitahlc for use as a viewfinder for use \~~it ll 1L divertcr tllllt calhodies part of a calaera lolls ystelll. Tlu~ divorr,cr ILIs<) illcorl)f)rlltf's sonic f)f tllc ff)clls lillcratfw optics of thf: arclnac :) of the invention.
Acccnoling to <uu>tlicr osl>oca c>f the iuvontiou, tlurc i;; 1>rc>vidccl au wcma,c using a focus lil~emotor that c omsist~ c~f m point ~couwc~ 1>eeltiud a clisi>lry panel, oral a leas in front of the clisl~law 1><mel. 'hlcis cmlmolimmut of the arcmac is to a. co mlonser enlarger as a traditional viewfim'.cr is to a cliffusioo cmlargor.
I'lmtogralhic enlargers are typically of two hinds, tl~ c omlenser enlarger and the cliff~ttsicm c~mlarger. Tlie cliff~cr ln~imarily in lmw the lamb lcousiug zhuvc~ the I~liotogrul~hie negative carrier is oracle. The olyjectivc lcm 1>olow tlLC uegaLtivo carrier is the same in loth c.mse~. 'The condenser enlarger has a lamp hawing that. is lolm:lc insiclc. and ores a Oarc clcrzr glass lonlh. Typically tho la.ny> lcottsiy; has lmr~;c c ooliug fins ou the o ntsidc to dissipate wwtc-~ ltcat. Tlic cliffnsiuu r~mlmrgor 1us a lrmy lumsing tlm,t is white iusi<lc. wml ha.5 n frost~~ l~ull~. TyI>ic~olly lmll>' maclc~ c>f c>pel g1<css (very cliflutse) a.rc used. Somctinues a fiuorcsccnt lamp is usccl, owing t.c»t,s cliffotsc~ uat me. 1)itfmiou eulrnrgers mall. ~~Iefec;ts likce dirt or scratolu~s on tho film, while c:omlcnscr enlargers provide l~ettol contrast (e.g. less scattering in the film, c tc .).
The 1>liotogryoliic enlarger diffm-s from the mreruac of the invent=ion. iu the sense.
that the photographic enlarger emits clivcrging rays of light to ilhumiuate. a pic~'e of photo scmitivc Iwl~cr. wllilc~ t lm zcacm~~c c~tuits comc~rgiug rays of light to d.irectl~-enter au ow of tlu~ user of the ,zr~:ouao of flee invc~uticm. A lccv inventive con°ept here is the use of the pc>iut sowoe as a l~~~clcligln f~c>r a clisplu,~- slido, ma,kiug am aremac that works like tlic condenser onlargcr. ~~-'lmn f lie pc>iut scauo a is made wfficientl~- small.
the effect of the olyjectivc lc~m is roclmccl. c.g. if the olyjcctive lops is slightly out of fowls. the image of the clisplr~s- slide will still afycar sliarl>. Tlu~ rove nt.ive concept is Mlle tore of the light scnwcc it loll t o cc>ut,rol ur e~atmul cleI>tll of focus of a vic~wfiuder.
A related invcmtiv<: co>uocht. is tlu~ use of a vicw~finder with eltcndcd <lcl>th of iicld.
or with depth of hold <~.cnrtrc>l. in on I-~yc 'ral~ c ~~uucrn. ao that rays of light that aLrc diverted a.ml re ~;~mtliesiic~l lay tluv arolrmc oa.n 1>0 1>rouglit into focm ly the c~~e, just like tlu~y could 1c if tluc~ alyaratn~; were al>scut. Iu tluis sva,~-, the a,fyaratns does not (>

iplposc it.s focus I11>op t=Ilc tlael-. :~ tllc~ Eve' Tol~ (yoeriellf fe is t1111s a,ttaiped, in which the E~-f-~ Tn,h calllorn, lllefli<lte~s I;mut;lluolts. (lolil>oraltoh-~lilllinishos, or ot,llcrwise alters]
the visual t>erccpt.iop of rf~ulity. 'hlle y-c of Mlle llscr looks t,hrf>u~ll tllo appare,tus, apd sees exactly the saplc alllyject lltt to <ls wonllfl lle aecp with tllo al>ha,ratus ahaept.
There is no shiftily;. 1>~lralla~ crm>r. or cllau"c ill aizc of the slll>,jf~ct platter zi,s with view-fipdcrs of t,llc t>rior urt. \c>r is tllcrc all illlilclwcl lc>clls, as va:ith vifvvfinclers of the prior art.
Ip a.llotllcr ashcc;t of tllc-a illcltifnl, tllc ff~f ns lil>fel;li<>r call lo-a tllrpcfl op or off, ly switohill~; 1-~etweel <1 point source mllcl a cliffllsc smtrc;c of laclcli~;llt for a, display panel.
hl another a,shcot of thc~ iuwmticnl. tllcrc is tuw~iflf~fl a.p a,replac with a point source of adjnstal>lf~ size sc> th.lt- tlu~ fliff'llsfulf~ss of the ateplac call he adjusted from that of a convmltic>llal cliffolsf' l~in~.vl-ill<lcr to o pc>iut.scuuwc arclllac. In this w,lv. the dchrcc of focus lil>cration < an 1>c~ od.jllstccl front near zero. t.o llf~ur infipit,y. ''f'hell the iris is v-ifle open, tile f'of lls lilo~ru,tfw is f~ssf'lltiolly, f'f>r a,ll prao.t-.icall i>url>oses. allsept.
'~'llep the iris is f;losed flfnvll slnali, the ff><ols lilmratol' is fnulctiollillt;. In this wa.v; all arepla,o with flclltll of focus ud.jusclllmlt is Clroviclefl. Alt.llc>ugll caplcras of the -prior art llroviclc loth focus afl.jllst.llcllt allfl cletltll c>( field ad,jnstlllf~llt, vie.wfipdcrs of the' prior art provide <nllv focus acl,justplclt. Tllcrof«rc thu acl.ju»t;ll>lc cpll>odiplept of tho ipvcltiop provides t llc Ilscr i-vitll a nscrflll 11111c;t ion.
Ill allothcr aspect of tile ill~reult.ioll. tlmnc is hrc>videcl ml alltofocus libermtor so that diffusfe display clmnepts sllol~ us oathcmlc ray tul>cs, c>r display-panels with diffuse lmckli~;hts, call he llsefl ill f~llllo><lilumlt,s o1 t,llc ;lrmllaf ipvelltioll. This coplhilles the insepsitivity to clcf'ects (flllst. flirt. inlpcrfc'ctious, otc. j almlo~olls to t ha,t of clifl'llsion elllur~ers. with the alilit:y tci lc>oJ< tllrou~;ll tllf' vicwfipder and sec olljf~cts sharp apcl clear rey lidless of llf~w~ tllc f~yf~ i~, fflullsefl. Tllc'reforc, the llsc'r wall still look around at Ol).~f'f't~ V'1t11 tile Iloll('21111f'1'a C\'(', itll(1 t,ll(' ('illll('1'a C~'f' (:a11 f1]('l1S at the Sa,lll(' dP~tl1 as the llollca,lllera eye tc> re~dm~,~ eyf~straill. «-llilc' tllc display «~ill focus to the calllera cvc.

In alnother alslo,ot of tllc invelltic»1 tllerc i,s ptoviclccl mn aronlac;
('ontailling an aperture step, ill erclcr i a cxllt wol (1(ytll c>f fiolcl. The <lf>e.rt:ltrc stop allld it,s assoclrit(-~c1 optics c:onlprise th(~ f(>cus lillerotor tllrlt Allow; t:ll(~ cyc~ tcl sec tll(~ display ill sharp foc:lls regardless of what otllcr r(~~nl «-orld olyjccts the eye alight he focllscd on at tllc:
same time. Th(-a apertlre stop c'ml 1>(~ clclsc~(1 clc>w11 ~-erv slllall, sc>
tllt the arenla.c ef the invention fmu°tic»ls in ~n nmnner almlogc>us t.o al pinhole cunleral, ill which the display of the arenlac is visilllc ~:~cyl~ulli- f'mr vll clept.lls of focus of tllc evc~~s lolls. In this wily, tllc nr(~lllzw prc>viclcs ~:(~rc ~ illHtl(~llc'u oval' wllorc t 11(' c~'T(~ w-oullcl ~i-allt to focus, Wllen one looks inte> the urmlmc'. ~I'llerefcn(~. <lll of th<~ influence all tile eves lens c'rm c:onle from tho slll>,ject: nmtt.c~r ill the scellc~. Ill this v-w~. the;
511hject lla,tte:r ill the scene llec:onles the sole sour('(' of illffuencc nz-or where t=he c~ve of the user should focus, and the canlcral does nor iu alny «-av llias (>t intiuenc'e v-Il(~r(~ the eye alight «anlt to foals.
hl Another rlsllect of tllc ilm~~lltic>n, tllero is i>1'ovicled zl we~.lrlllle c;allllara svstenl ill w-lli(11 there is n. serve 1u(~challi~ln to lccoll t]1~~ light going into tllo cyc, oven if the eye llovcs sliglltl~~ relative to thc~ rlpilarat tls. 'hllis alsl>ect of tllo iuvclltic>n is useful ill conjunction Witll 1>ointsoln'c'ce focus liheraltc>rs, v~horc the light Must enter the eve exactl~~ a its c:ellter of pro,jocticm. ~Tlu~ zlpfolraltlls contains all y-etrac:her that loc'at,es the eve, a,ld then follows it , rh~'(~utill~; tlu~ 1>el il of rays illt,co t=he c,xoc;t center of pro.jccticnl of thc~ lc'lls of tllc~ eye. Profernl>ly tile servo lllecllnisll affects 11 plalulr cliverter which is liglltwc~igllt anon caul l>e 111eolOalt(~(1 or villrutecl ctllickls: all(-l easily. In thlH W~l,'', all c'lr(:I11i1C' 21,11(1 ('wllll('ril C'<111 51111I'E' ~l (:ellllllell ()1)t.lC'~l.l axl5, Ne thR,t th(: d<'V1CC
has porfoct: alignnlcnt,, nmilltaillill~; Moth rotrltionvl and trallslationul control over the (liverter to lsc~(~l> tlu~ Eye Tzlll distollco c(n'r(~c t. aaol the owe illulninatcol rl,t its center of projection.
BRIEF DESCRIP~rION OF THE DRAWINGS
Thc~ inve.ltion will n(w- llc cl(~s(vrilo-of ill Mere detail, lw W av of cxa,llples which in no wl;~~ alre llleullt to Iinlit the scale of t he iovclltiell, loft. ra ller. these examples will nerve to illustrate illC iltvelttioa with reforc~uco to t,llc accolllpa,ltvillg drawillg;a, ill w-llicvll:
FIC.. 1 sho«~a ilte alrmuao elf t-llc~ ill~~ctltiml which inuorllorat.es a focus lillerator and clislllay clellleut.
FICT. 2 ilhlstrates a,ll al>lalicaticot of tllC arcllac of t=llc ittvcltion ill a ca111Cral sytCln ill which a planar divertor is 1ac-~cl to divert light t]lax v~onlcl other«-isc~ Cuter tllC cont,e.r of projection of tho c~yC of tllC llaor, alld t llmu lcplrlw~ this 1i~;111 with light from the alrenla,c itlc;orl~orat,illt; <1 focus lilu~r;ltor.
FIG. 3 sho«-s tile arcluac' of the ilmCltic>u with a fc>c lls 1i11cratc>r partially incor-iloratccl illt.c> a divcrtcr.
FIG. 4 ilhlstrat,es llc>w- a llointsonn'cC call l.c' an essential inbreclient to ~, focus lillcrator.
FICT. 5 chows au c~llllloclilllwtlr, of t he ormlac of tltc illventionl ill «-llic.h tllc~ focus liberator can be av~itcllccl ou c»' c;fl at will.
FIG. 6 sho«-s all urclll<lc with an ~ul,jnstal>1c~ f~orlts lillcru,tor such tlmt, tbC clegrec~
of liberation ca,tl llc; rc~cluc-o~cl or ittct'emsecl ao t,ht tllo allllaratns will exert more or less (r<-eapCCti~~c-ely) illfinc~ncxe cut t,ho clol>tll t>lrlltn iu « lliclt tllc cw~ of tllc~ user will tClocl to focus.
FIG. 7 shows an onhxulinletlt c>f tllce <u'c-llmlc itmClttiou nsill~; a diffllsC clispla~-Clentctlt. lntt still 1>l'omicliu~; focus lilcration.
FIG. 8 shows au c11111c1clitlCtlt c~f tllo armlmc illventioll ill whiolt the focus 1il>erator leas diacretC states of focus. c~.~~;.. c>llo llc~ill~; ,l noa.r foots atatc~.
and another hCing a fa,r fomls statC, the ac>le ctioll of which of tlleao t wc> (c>r 11c>rc~) disc rc~t c' stntCS of focus lleily rcal>c>naive tc> ltow- tllc~ c,vc~ of the llsor is fc~cusecl (tlc,ur or far).
FIG. 9a show's a ll~l.ol:~~aleEls I'etw-al lens ussc~mlllv in «-llich the Focus lillcrator in-(:lll(-1(.'S 2111 ft;~Cl't,lll'c' stop 1)('1,~\'E'('1l 1('I15 ~T'()lll», f()I'llllll~ <lll ~ll'E'llltl(' thwLt llaS 2111 ell)Cl'tllT(' C'.olltro 1.
FICl. 9b chows all onllculiuu~ut c>f ~-m rlrmll<l,c ~~-itll ulo-~rt urC stop.
wllerC tllC a~pcr-tln'e stop is clistnl, t 11E~ clist<11 m1>c~rtllro :;toll 1>c~in~; usc~fol for lowotimg the aperture stop far enc»lgli v~rrly frc»11 t.llfe c~ye t.ll~-lr tlu~ a,llert Ilro stall f:ml lo~ ecnlcenlc~El.
FIG. 9c shflvs llo w a f crvcrt mlhoclilllc~llr, of t lle illveuticln cull 1c inlllecldcEl inside f>rdinary eve~la,asE~a wllerc tllc teulllle side pic~cc' ocnlcralls t.lle zlloEert.nre stop, and the only porric» 1 ill view is om~ of tloc~ twci f'olclecl lolls t;rcmps tilt relay be collcealccl so that the cyc~la,sscs loclk lihc c>rclill~lry llifc>c<11 c~~-c~l;lalssc~s.
FIG. 10 allow an ellllloclilucur c>f t,llc illvmli i<»1 ill v-llicll the Iye Tap distance.
location. and oriclta,tic»l. are ml,jusl.<~cl aatc»llarically, llrc~foralolv llv ulc>vin; only tl-le.
(11\'('I'tE'r I'8t11('I' tllall tllE' 1'I1t11'(' 21111)21I'ILt115 (11 r.ll(' arE'LI121.(' i'llld ('alllE'l'a tO~f'tllel' a5 a Slllhl(' lllllt.
DETAILED DESCR.IPTI()1'~T OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMEl~ITS
~~'llilc l,lie invelltioll shall no~:v Ile flescrillc~cl. ill flcto.il, wit:ll refcrclE;c to the pre-(erred cllhodinleuts sllowll ill tllc cll'aivilll;s. it: sllollld llc lulflE~rstclod that tllc <Iesf:rill-tioll is Ilot tcl unlit the illvclticlll (»llv to thc~ llart.iwllar elllllodiulclts shown llut ra~tller tcl cover all ~lltcralticllls. 111<>clific;l.tiolls alld cxtnivulmlt arralllnelnents pclssillle ~-ithill the scone elf the appfulclod claillls.
~'~~llcll it is said that c>lljcxt 'v." is 'hf~rllce' ly c>ll,jcct ''B", this shall illcludc tllE~
possillilities that A is ottzlelmcl ic> 13. that A is 1on11c~(L onto the allrfacc of B. that A
is inlllecfclcc:l insiclc B. that .~1 is 1>urt c>f B, t:ll,lt: ~~ i;: llllilt into I3. or that A is B.
FIC=. 1 is a Elia,f;ralul clcllictillp; tho arcullao elf the illvmltioll. Tllc worfl '-arenlac"
cu'i~;ill.tcs from the wc>rcl ~'oalllfro" sllellecl llaclcwarcls, clmlclt illl; that the <Ire:ulac is the Elllpo site of a cmllcro. Ttlc nrculE llrc~flnf:e~ li~;llt 1>lt a. canlcra is responsive to lil;ht. Tlie arellmc~ is mll (»lrpllt device. wllf~rozls ,1 oanlera i~ am input: device.
Tllc arelnac is not the wllll z~~ a l>rojectc>r. Ilecaltso a 1»'c>.jc~otclr produces ra~~s of lihht that spread c»lt frolll tile lmojecric»1 lolls tc> strike a, screE~ll, svllereas the a,rellac generally produces ray ~ >Il lit;llt 1 l l t llat collie t ot;et:ller.
l3.atlicr tllzul Eliverging rays of lil;ht Ilcant: for indirect vieewill~; ou <l llrc>joct is»1 scrc~<ell, t:llo a.renlac ~;ellerally llrodllces (.onVergillg ra,VS el~ li~llt me<lnt t~> clircctly ~~lltor au (~~-e 1()(1 of tile user without first lO)1111C'lll~ (>fI~ Of ti VlE'wlll~ 5('1'(t('71.
Tllc rlrelnac 11() of tllc iuVCntiml is ('.oml~(~sccl of two ll~~nts. al ra«-(lislMaV elclll(:llt I2U aln(1 rl focus lil>c~rrlt(ur la(1. ~l~lu~ (lisl>la,V clemcnlt 1'?0 lp' I~c:
~ oue tlult proollwcs its cvVn s(>lm( c (>f lit;llt. slu:ll w al (all:llo(lc ray tllllc (CRT).
an _~ctiVC l:Iatrix l~;loctro I_irAllim~sc<~llt (,-1!~IEL) (lisl>lpV, al Vil~r~ltill~; row of libllt emitting (liod( s (LI~Ds), ,l a~wo (lilncusiona.l arry- of LEDs; or the lihc:
(~r ~ al sl~~atial lihllt nl(>(llllrltor. (~f w-hicll tll(~IC r~rc tw(1 lolsic hinds:
- translnissiVC. c.h. il li(tlli(l crystal (lisl>lo,V (I~C'D). acti~r(~ matrix 1i(luinl c_vrvs-tml (lisl~lrl~~ (.~1\.II~C'1;))_ or the lil.n;
- reflective e.~;. a D\1D ((-ollectiE,u of mo(11.11icz1,11V Vil>ratiu~;
mirrors). or tllc lil:o or a.lot,lu:r silllilalr hill (.f clisl>ly- ti~clmolo~;y or wurlc~tllillt; ucw t,lmt might lo-~ invellte.(1 ilt sonic futtno~ dat.c.
Tllcrc arc t~VC llroa(1 clalsses cf (lisl>lny elclll('llts 1''U:
~ (liffllse, c-~. . tlu~ 1>llesllllor of <l C'I~T is (lif~n,~c l~c~o,msc it ral(liates ill all directions:
u(>ndiffusc, e.~. tllo (lislWn>- eleluont cell lie ilsc~(1 to llrcduoe raVS of light pri.umlr-ily ill t:he (lircrt:icul llcc(1(xl. 'This luy~ llc ucconlhlished. f~(>r cxallll>lc, by using tile (~ishlay elonlent t,w lau<lifllusel~~ lo>dllln.te rill ext,crnol source of lihht.
Or(lilulrilV. a ralw (lisl>la~- cleulcllt, is Vi(eVe(1 tllron~;ll (>I>tics to ellalple the eye to f(>clls ou tlu~ disl~lrm. A tylli(all E~~~ullple is a ('alnl(:or(ler Vievefin(1cr ill w~lli(:h the ohti(a of tile Vicwfin(ler arc ~u(l,jnstaLlol~~. 'I'1e rcas(nl for the a(I,justnlent is to alccomnodatc users of Varvill~; llrwcril>ti(>11 cyw~-<~<lr. allcli Llmt users cmv aee thr(>ttt;ll the: VicwVfinder without ~~-carill~; llrc~s(~ril~ti(~n cye;~;~LSSCs.
Sonic Vie~Vfillcrs wall rls tll(~s~:' pr(iVi(lecl 1>V :;5ulln czllllel'as (lo not liaVe a foots a(ljustluellt=, and the~refere tllosn wll(> werlr (v>lrectiVC e;ve«~car llec~(1 to ~>urc'hase apecial lenses t.o lie iustallc cl uit.o tlo' c macro viwvfi»clcr. ('amcra viewfimlcr s usccl to he mmnufuotmrcecl stu°h tlmi i lcc hc»ur, c>f fc~cas iu tlm vic:v~-fimlor wa.s iufimity. rcKardlcss of wlicre tlic canucra, leas was focmcol. More mmlc rn ommn pus tcucl to lie manufactured snclu that the 1>oiut of foo u.s is 1 meter. rcf;,crcllws c>f wllcrc tlic cam~r~~ lens is fc~cuscd.
The focus of viowfimlcrs c>f t)m uric» art clo m>t ~oncw~lly trace, tho focus of tllc ea.mcra. Tliercfc>rc. wlmu lookiy tlmc»yl~ a camera wit,lc one cyc. and viowiur; tOc socuc clircotlv with tlic c~tllcr cvc. t:lu~rc will 10~ a cliffercm:ce in focus lx~tw~ecm the camera eye's fi~ecl f~ocns. aml oloe otl~cr ev-o's rol~ilit~-- to focus c>u diffcrcut olyjects im t:hc scene.
The invent ive concef~t of t>1~:~ a.rcmac with foe us lil~c~rat or is that eye 100 ca.n focus a.yvvlicrc it wants to; aml ills focus lil>cratur 131) will mcsmc that the ima~;c from the clispla~- element 1'?(1 is zlh~wvs in ;~liarh f'c>cus on the c v<e. Therefore if the in~-cmti~:m is used iusi<lc a c:aulorio, tlo~u tlce eve loc>hiy 1 Ilroyh tlu~ c~mneru ezmu fowus eomfortml~l~:
with t.lu' other eyc~ that is not lc>c>l,;iy tluo»yu t lie c ~»meru. rhlcc oom-czmncra. eve eau focus c»i a,y~ cih.jc ct iu the sec ne. Siucc l~c~th cyc s tcucl to ivc>rh to~;cther (c.g. w~hcu one fo<~ttse, on a close o1>jcct the c~tln.~r ~-wonts io fowus close as well).
the user of a carucra that iu<~orporatcs t lm im~cntiom will cu,jpv a ;roatlv rcclacc~d lc~vcl of c vcstraiu.
The focus lil~crator cmurc s trot tlic~ information that is di;~l>lavccl to aac cv~c of tlic user is iu slia,rh Fc>cm, rc~~;ardloss of tlu~ f~ocutsiy of t:lm cyo c>f l-1' user. If the umsclc s in tlic lmm of the uscr~s c~r~ rolro~: fully. a.s clmu>tc~cl achcmatioallv 1>v thiucr leas 101.
as «-hf-m tlc user wcmld 1c fcscosiu:~; cm m ol>jcct of infinite clistaucc.
flee information cli~l~la.~~ec1 to the usor~s cvc will I~c~ in sliaul~ f~oo m. If tlm muscles iu the lens of the user's eve tense uh. as clcuotccl s< l~cmatiealls- ly tllicl.er leas 1()'~. as when flee user would l~c focusing c»i a.m ol>jcct ll) w~atimo~tcrs a«~y~. the iuf~ortnation dishlaycd will remain in sha.rh f'c>cus.
Likewise fc>r any otlmr focal distance of tlce Irons ol~ au c~~~c of t1 ~
nsc~r.
It is therefore true, tl~zit lihlit ryes 111 nrc~ ccmstruc-~tccl ly tlcc arcmac~ 11() in such a mumcr that they will alvr~i.~-s fcwn a sharp imaf;c iu cyc 10() rcl;ardlcss of ~~~~hat 1 '?

dollth l~lzulo tllc 1<'lls of (y'c 10(i i;~ focllsccl c>11.
This atrltc of wnltilule(1 (~c~eos is oll iml~cm rlllt illvellt:iwc~
(v(>ll<:(yt, alld may lac attalillcxl using o vnricm of cllll>~:>~:lilllcuts ~>f tlln f(>clls lil>(~rut(>r. hxallllhlcs (lf fcnlr (~lnllodilnents of tllc, fo(v~ls liVcr<lt or illcln(lc 1>llt, ~~rc llc>t lilllitcd t,c>:
~ an autofocus liberator: :~ f~(>clla lilo'rz~,ir>r tlult is antoforlls is crlllec:l a(11 aut-ofoclts lil>crrltor, ollcl is ty>icWl~- reallollaivc t(a t hc~ fecal ataltc of the eve s lens, for cxn111I>lc. 1»' lo~illt; rcspmsivc' to light 112 cx>lllillg 1 lc'l: ont of c~y 10(). Just lil<c the autcif~clcus <~aluoru f(o'llsces cul (>l~je~( is iu t he ',oelle.
tllc r~,lltofocus vrema,c fc>cuscs oll w'lltcvcr tllc (yc is fc>cllsccl (m. As ~lll alltcrlllt.ivc to tol:illg its cllc ft-olll the cv(,. the f~oc:ns lil>orat(>r llmy illat('o(1 (Icrivc it> f~(>ctls setting frolll an tllltOlllel,tlC' f()('IiH (:<1i11errl Uf V'l11('11 tl1(' al1'('1118c IS rl 1)~ll't,. 111 1.1115 Rlt('1'1121t1Ve Illtlll-11(~r. the <lrelllac mauls tln~ focus fmnu o c;lnlcral that is the callllern lleillg used by' the llacr of the ohlmrn,tns of the ilvcoliotl. Arr. n.r~crrtao ttnztlr cr,rt ar,to.,f~ocr~,s Izhern,tnr~ i.s r°n.llcrl rc-rr a.rr.l.n,fucu"s rtr~crrzrcc. Tire nucin.f'ocuc.s' rrrrrrra,c r.s tn mn,c'rtrf~rtdcr~,s in yer.cr~n,l «..s Ih.e u.octo,f~ocn,.~ crrrrro'rrt r:.5 Cn c~~rirr,f rv.s r:rr c~c~m~rtl.
~ a focus liberator that is a focusfree: _~ fc>wlsfr(o: focus liherotor is one in «-1-lick there atrc t:~y>icalls to lllovillg 1>ort~. <ulrl llcllco cost is lceclncccl. Olle or lllc>rc yocrtlwc st(>los are lls('(1 to o:;tcll(l tll(~ cl(~lotll cf foows of the (liahlue clc.lllellt 120. T~~picnllv the fowls lillcrator comllwis(~s optics (lcllaes. luirrors.
holographic (ll>tical elelll(ulta, otc'.) allollz, with (nlc (>r loom' f-atohs arrull~;e~cl such tllar the dial>lvy clement 12(l will ul>l>(~~or ill sllrl> f(>c'.lls frolll alhiarnrimzltcly 3() c;cutilllc-ters to illfillitv. Tlrr~ ./ncn,sf;wr°c' ./'nc'rr,.s lib(uw,lnr i,.s thr lnzu cn.st c'rtr,bodirocnt n.f the i'nr~cn,tior that i.~ rr.'rralryn'rr.s tn ,focm.s .fr'cc r'orrr,rer~a.s.
Llrr,l,r;~:e .f~oru,.s f~cc crxrn,er~o.s urhich are tcbzrlcci,tcrrt,.a, rui,c.rn/inrrlr;ts n.f the yr~i.nr u.rt, lads:
.s'rr.ch apcrtu,r~c ,stnr~s. _~lrr crrrrrr,a,c mith rt ,fncut.s.f~rr'r' .fni rr,5 librmotnr~ i.s ~'rcllctl a'rr..foct~,.s,fr~ec rm~crn.a,c.
~ a pinhole focus liberator: V'llc ll (nlc or lllore vlertlwc stops of the foals lil>crator afro 111(lo snfli< ic1111y allmlll, t llc cleft 11 (>f focus will itlcrcasc towards infinite cleptli c>f fc>mus. Altitcm;h clifl~t~wU-icm will hrwmut infinite clcptl> of focus in 1>rac.tioc. c»te c~lu ;tttniu o cicwfimloa v-itlt oxt,rcnttc~ clcl~tlt of focus 1r ns:mg a.
I~inlmlc-~ foetus lilxerotor. .5'uc:lr c,u c'.jf~c'c;t r;,s rcrrc~lpgnrr.s to drat of rr Im;».h,olo ccarner~cc.
fire: pirth,olr: rorurrrmnr i.s .swirl io hrmu: irrjr;nrilc: clr:/>th, u,j.j~or:u,.s. Pt~tmr~es tcr>vert -mitlr pi.rrh.nlr: r:urnercr.s. Iromcnrcr~. rnuc° Izrn:ilcx~ hid tlrc yrrrctac:a,l rrrratt,ma o.f diff~~actiorr.
cto.. urol anr: thr°rn.f~orr: rmt cyf' 7ru:glr yrr,nlit;r~. Horuc:r~cu.
prrrfrnle rocrrrera,.s werrarcirr a,.s rrrr cantr.sti;c cri,-rwio,~it.r/, rrrrrl yrurln,ec rr cli.~t-i,rr,et yr »re. _'leccmclin,gl-e/, the pi~zhnlc:
Jc~crc.s lihcmrrtor hrr.s ,~urrro v~r u7~ rlc:.si,rnfrlr trnnlmr-trr:.s.
rcrrcl /morrirlc:.s a,rr oatu:r~ie,»,ce that i.s o./~ a,r~ti.stzc »r~:w . c r,e» tlrnnic/Ir luc~wirc,g irr .slt,orp»c.s.s. _4rr cer~entccc with, o luirrhnle ,fncnr.s Ii:beiain~~ r:.s rcr.llr:d n, pi,rrhule rmc rrtuc.
~ the pointsource focus lilberator: lu crrcler to oUtuin rm c~ffc~cvt tlmt coml~iues the exlmessivc~ ~~rtistio viw'v- t hut cme olrtrtims ly: lc>olcittt; into a pinhole a-remac.
with tlu~ slt~tnpttes,s aml c lurityof wo utttc~fc~raas or fc>cns froc rLremac. ~, lylrid focus liherattor is tttrt,clc in zvliiclt fall almuturc~ c>I>tics aucli ms tltosc uacd iu orclimurv c;mm~orcler vic~-vlinclc~rs a.rc c cuml~ioc~cl ~~-itll it I~oiut aottrce c>f light. Tlis rectttirces at ttottclili~oso clisl>ly~ elctucttt 13(). ,4rr oro-rrrccr:
vrrztlr a ynirrt.sooc7~ce .~'~occLs lzbo-rn,tor t:.s ccrllod n tuui».t,snrr.rwo ccrcurmr. Tlao~c i.s rm mnrrr.erw ararrlng,r/ for tlrr~
yninrt..sucmcr: rrrvrrrrrc.
~otc thrut many cmnerrl viw'v-fimlco> 1mc mo fc>cot~ lwul>, lott f,lt<tt clocsn't, mean tlmt tltev vre focusfree. It .just nteous r,ltat they a,re fixed fomvs. f~
focuafroe focus lihera.tor mcmms ~z focus lilerutor th;tt l~rov~icle, extemlc~cl clelot,lt of focus.
dote rtlao tlmt. catnowo,s rtrc tyl~ico,llv c~claiC>1>uc1 ~rVitlt clc~htlt c>f ficlcl control, i». the form of att a,hertmrc~ f~stol~. Facm ao- wvllc~cl fc>cnts froc citutc~ras ltawe a.u f/atop tl o.t is relatieolv wmtll itt choler to emnre tlmt tyro rill l~c~ o ~c>ool ru,ye of foc:u,s. For exemnltle, o typical focus froc cattttcra ~~-ill tulso l~ictnrcs im wliiclt c~-crvthint; frcam 3 fee-'t to irtfinit,~~ is itt n,coc~l>t;ol~l~~ ~;c>c>cl f~c>c~ns.
dote tlmt view~fin<lers c>f the lrrior art clc> mot hove clehtli of field controls (e.g.
rul.jttstalle f/atolos). nor clo tlu~s ltzmc~ fixc,cl l/sic>los tlmt, r~rc stohhccl clown to allo~~-for mu exteric.lecl cleltt,lr c>f fc~ons. Tlnts viewlinclcos of the Iwior art arf~ lm<vkirr~; a f~owus lil zerrztor.
Tlre arc~rmnc of t.lrr~ irmc~rutic>n mrw lm ttacol foo uu~;rmmn.c~cl reality, nrediarted rc,alitv.
cu' the like. in conjturetion with .z c~~eoral>lc' ocmulzntc-er («c~orC,'cntrlp). '~'ea,rolzl~:e com-putcr 150 provides a vis~rrtl infc>rur,zticirt si~uul 151 t<> <lislzl~m~
clement 120. This si.~n~1 151 tray lzc VGA. l~TSC'. I'_AI,. c>r .r clit;it<zl si~rml tlmt slit cc~tlv ~lri~~es a, flat po,mcl dis-play elcurent 120. (>pticmully. rlm woarnl>le coml>ttte~r 150 stay also puss irrformatiou aihnols 152 tc> tln~ fc>wus lil~c~rmor. or rc~ooivo iu(cirnmo-iort sihrr<tls 1'53 from the focus lil>crotor.
A l>cwver wly~ly 1-1() wlylic~s lmw~er 1~I3 tc, tlu~ comlmtcer 1:p0. us u-cll vs I>o~~~cr l~l to the focus lilzerutor. (>pt,icnrrrlly. the 1>oi~-er wlzlzly nmy also srlzl>lv power 1~2 to a li~;lrt sour<~e 13~ drat. cnviry to its unicluc' n<zime. is, or mt least fc>rtus pzzrt of, t,hc focus liloc~r~ztor 130.
FIG. 2 dc-elzicts an al>1>liouticnr of tlzc~ orn~m~~c liavinr a fc>czrs lilzcrntc>r. The al~l;~lica-t-ion depiotecl hero is tlmt c>f \.I.c~cli~rrcol Ileatlity. «~(uclz is o ~,mreroli~a,t,iort of the cr>ncept of Au~ntented I~eolit.y. Tlte rzplorrutus of 1' i~. '? rtmv he use-~cl for either nrediared re-ality (~~-hich. Ize clc~firrit:icm irm~c>lves the' use, of ri carm~ru).
carncra- lz~zsed aztgmentecl rczrlit~~. c~lc~ctromic ucevs ~utlmriy (1~\G), viclc~cy;rz~ply, cincrnatcyruply, ea,c..
A Itlmua,r divcrtc~r 200 cli~Tc~rt,;; ;~t- least a lmrtiou c>f tlu~ li~;lit frc>ur strMjoct nzatt,er 2f)0 tlmzt world otlrerw=ise emte~r on c-~~u f0() e>f tltc' usc~o of the aly~trwtns. The diverted li~;lt is div-ortcd into crtntcro 210, mtcl tlrort prc>cc~ssccl. tylzioatlls- lzc o wc~arazhle computer.
or 1>v rz computer inside tlu~ luw~irt~; of tltc' azlyarattts if t lze o,ltpar~ztus is hand held.
Tlrc lzrow~ssed image from caLnr~~rrr 21() is ivl>imu.ll clisploycd ou the aretnac corirhrised of diaplay c-~lenrc~rrt 120 tcyetlmr v'~itlt f~czc'tts lil>crutor 130.
Focus lilerotor 130 poticnmolly lms a 1>cwt.iou l:ll 1>etwcen the eye 11)0 zurd the planar diverter 200.
I la.tzar divorter 200 rna,v 1>c' a .'~ea.trtsl>litter mr a ruirrur that is roffective cm lootlz siclcs. W'lrcn plarmr clivcrtc'r '?Ot) is m Uc~trzrsl>littc~r, IzrcFc~r~zi~ly Izczrtion 131 of the focus lz lil~rator is al>wnt, so drat tlzc' cvc' 10() lms n clca,r view czf tlzc w-orlcl as it uorn.rallv ahpcars. 1>v virtue' of tlu~ li~;lrt lr;ssiry clirce tlv i ltroty;lr Izlanar elivc rtcr 200.
Tlrc imryc c>f sttlyjcc t: tnattc'v ~?S)J cul>i arc~cl by wzrrror~~ '?7() «-ill 1>c l~acl:w~nrcls.
lzccatrac it, is a reticc tiorz im a mirrc>r o r l~c ,mosl>litter ( planar clivertcr 20()). Hc:~w-~.wer, it will trlt irnatcly I>c' clia)zlavc,cl ~ut an arcnmw t prat is Miry v~icwccl by rcffection om tlrc otlrcr aiilc of lzlmmr clivcrtcr '?()(). r;o the 1>m~limorcls irrm~<~ will lo~
vicw~e.d a.s a. sccomcl rcficotiom, a,mcl tlzo t~~-o iwfic~ct ions cancel sc~ t prat tlzc irma~cv al~hc'~nrs ncu r lmckw~,r~ls.
Im fact tlzc irtmzt;c~ of sttlyjc'c t tmn 1 ~.'r 2S)!) swill u.l>1>c ar in 1>c-et I~cn rc~t;istcr ~~~itlr strh,jcc;t 2JJ.
The cliatamcc frc>mr tlrc ocutc~r c>t 1>ro,jectiott of~ tlzc icrus c>f tlrc~
cy'c 100 to the I~oint tit v~hiclr the optical axis c>f cmne:ro 210 rm~e'ts t-,Ire planar clim~rt.cr 200 is ca11cc1 the Eye T'rzp clistamcc 22(l.
Tlrc al~l~artntms is t>rofcraly ~lc~sit;ned sc~ that Iwc Iap cliatvuoc 220 is also ccimal to the clistaucc frcna tlrn octrtc~r of 1>rc>,jcc tic>n c>t tlu~ lc'ns of catttcra 210 to the point at which tlrc optic of asis c>f cmmro '210 rrtc~ot s t ltc planar ~livc~rtcr 200.
Irr tlzc sitzra,tiom in whiolr planar clivcrtor '?0() is a 1>eantaplittcr.
c~~c 100 wnm focus om olyjcets in the 5cemc. amcl owTirr~ to the foo rrs lil>craztc>r 1x30, inforrrratiou L~reserrtecl into eve 100 lzv clisplyy c-~lenremt 12~;) sill lac im sharp fc>ctrs, regardless of prow far away oljccts seem throuhlc planar cliw'rtcr 200 rni~;lrt lzc fro rn cy' 100. Tlrc cvc 100 cam thus fc>cns om amv c>lyjcct iu tlrc ,,c cm~ amcl ainntltauc ottsly fooos on amv informiatiom hrcacmtccl cm ~lishla,~- clcttrmot 1 '?().
Im this mzarnrer. the aucmzac v~itlt f~c>ous lil>ora c>r cof t,lrc itrvc,mtiom emu ho used for at_r);nremtecl reality, rttecliutc~cl reality. or part iallv me~cliacecl rcaliti-, or simrpl'' for a cy~l~cr~u'ti~~ vicwfiuclcr fc>r c:aurorra 210. 'hlt<~ c's-c 100 is. in cffcc°t (lw rcflcct.ion in planar ~livcerter 200) tlzc oamrera 21(), arzcl tlmrc'Iurc~ t he v-c>rlol is seem im am "eye is a ~armera~' point «f view. ~hLlis apl,>arattrs is tlzcrc~forc useful for crLhturirr~; the ~~orld from a first, -pcracnz L~c~rslzcctiw~ of w~c~ 10(l.
FICI. 3 ahow~s liow- a clivorter :jOll mzay irrc orl~c~rat,e sortie of t-lie optics of the camrera :310 or tllc foc~na lil~crntn>r 1:30.
Tllc clivcrtcr is an o>pt,ica l asscnllrlv t lmt r~,clirocts illoolllill~;
light fi'onl slllyject platter 2Jf) int,c> a clcvicc-, that farms an inlahc c>f stllyjcot lnatte?r 29J. The inlagillt;
fonninl; clcvi<'c is lllcu'o gollc,rol tllzlu a cwou,r<l. tut will 1>c called a ca,lnc:ru 310 for silllplicit~-. ()htics :312 t-ogcthcr v'itll a rc,ficctivc wrf~lc~c~ of a cli~~crtcr 301 fccrln an 11I1?lg(' Of 5111).1('('t lllatt('1' »)~) oll tl N('ll,s(>l' 2Ll'I'ay' :311.
_'~ W Lt1Sf21('tol''' SE'.llHOl' aT'T'ay 15 'd, cllargc w>uplccl clcvicc (CC'D). Tllo rcflcc'.t ivc wrfacc 301 of clivc,ltcr 300 that faces arrzlv :311 is conaiclc,rccl I>art c>f optics .31'2. ()lltics :31'? lwuvi~lc a. good ctllalit~' image of slllljcct lllzlttc~r 2JJ c>ll array 311.
Sln'facc 301 play Ochavo lilac o ourvccl flirt or sc> that together with tllc rest of optics 312. a v~li~lc allglc ~'icw~ c>1 slll>jcct Illattor '?f>J is c>l~ta,illol. Alternatively, the cln'va,tln'c c>f surface, ;3(11 play I>c, selcctc,cl to cauccl ol~errations ill the rest of optics 312.
Otllcr altrfaccs 302 c~f tlo, optic's ill the eli~-erte~r 3()0 clivcrt 1ig11t fl'onl the arcnlac conlprisccl of clishlay cllc~rllcnt 120 t cyct,llcr wit.ll Im~us 1il>cratcn' 13(>, into cyc 101:1. The climcrtccl light from the m'elllac is 1>cc-,fc~ralllv e~oll>risecl of rays of 1ig11t. c-la,cll of ~~hieh is collillc-alr with a we're-esl>cnlclill~; ry~ cif li~;llt l~rcml wlyjcot lmattcr 2JJ to w11ic11 it is rcsllonsivc.
FIG. 4 clcllict,s a l~oilltaonu'c;c c,111Voclilllcellt c>f Iclcus lil~crnt:or 130. This clnl>oclinlent of the focus lillcrat-c>r 13() is conllo'isc cl c>f a Ilaolc lit;llt =IJ() Ilaolclinht,ing disply- ciclllcllt 120, as well as zl fells I~cn'luc<1 within a clivcl'tc~r snrfmw~ -1()l. Tlle clivertcr slu'fuce 40I
is elra«-n rl,llllrowilllate-~lv to sculc~, rrllcl a e>llsists of a lmul> elf a le~ar 1>la.stie~ ill the 511apc sllow'n. Tllc pla stic;. a.lt,llc»lgh c>nc~ solid llicc c. flnlctious as if i1. «~cu'c a hrianl w'itll two lenses fcu'lnccl ly tllc rotulclc~cl sln'faocs -102. Tllc fla t snrfo,c~c, 101 on tllc~ 11~-1>otcllllsc is silvcrccl lw c;oa1illg v~ith a,lllnlillllm in a vacmnn clcllositicnl ollaull~er.
The point scmrcc of light -1!)0 i~ 1>rcfcr<ll>ly a rc<l laser cliodc; or a red diode laser together v'it.li a al>cltial (iltcr that. sllrcacls tile l>calll after focusing the locale into a pinhole. Point sollrcc =1c,30 is c~:ulsiclcrccl hart c>f the focus lillcraltor 130; all is thercfc>rc clra,«-~u iruaidc: t1c clottccl liuc of FICx. -1 drat clc llc~tc s this crnlooclimc-mt of tlrc focus lihcrator 130.
Note that this crrrk~c~olimcut of tlu~ Boons lilcrator 130 cloc s not irrc lnclc the display clcnrcrrt, 1'?0. This cml~oclirrrcut of t,lic fm tts lil>crator is wnulwisccl of tlrc arcmac mums tire clispla,y clorrrcmt 1'?0. ('I'lm Ioem lil>orntc>r arrcl the display clcnrcrrt tc>gcther comprise the arcnrac.) Hcrc the focus liberator is slmvvu as a clasl~ccl lime few clarity. The daahed lime passes tlronl;lr tire cuovc'cl parts o1 clivcrtcr I()() sluoviry tlrax these cmvc.d Darts are corrsidored hart of t leis c~tnf >coli~unl~f, c>f t,lrc f~oc n~ lil>crator I3().
I'lrc worncra -110 is corrrprisc~cl of tlu~ lrypc>torrnsc snrfuoc I()1 c>f divc~rtcr 40() together ~-it,li optics 112 arccl sc rrsor arruv B 1 1.
Irr typical msm~;c of tire arcunlo of tire irrvorrtiorr, t.lrc arcruac~ is rcesl>onsive to an out)»at of sensor arrry~ 311. snclr tlratarrv ~iv°cu raLv of li~lit Lrcnrr t-,hc arcmac entering c~t-f~ 100 is rcspc>nsivc 10, ;-crrcl coUlinc~~~r wit.lc. a c c>rrcslo~ncliry ray of li~;lrt arriviu); from wrlyjcot nrattc-er '?JJ.
Hcrc t=lie clislrla~° clc rncnt 1''() is 1 tmusrnissivo. A aatisfaotory clishlay clorcrcrrt is a spatial lit;lrt rrroclulator mock limo liclnicl cr~-st;cl, 0.1;. a clisl>lay 1>anol as fcnnul irr a, liclrrid crystal displ<yv (L(VD).
If w-c unfold wuf~n,cc~s ~0'? iu tlru mirror imo~;o of clivcrtcr snrf~rrcc 401, ~cc o ltairr a sirylc eflccaivc leas. This leas leas <u focal lc~u~;tli ~Lhl~rc>.vim~~tclv cdrral to tire effective (nufolclcxl) (115talle(' f~rorm woe 1()() tc> clisl>lay c~lmucnt 120.
In anrnrnar~-. the ~~rcmoc of this curl>oclinrcut of tire in~-cution comprises a lidnicl crvstvl display clormcrrt, 12() wit lr a reel laser 1>cciut sours c 1>~LCkli);Ot l~elrincl it, and a.
lens in fionrt of it. rI'lre focus lil>c~rutc>r oornLriscs a, lrc~iut aouroe 1>ehirrd the LC'D and a lcrrs in front of the LC'D. This cnrloiclino'rrt o1 tire foe ns lil>c-~rot.or 130_ is. im c$~cct.
conrprisccl of a point. source and a. lcm.
FIC~. 5 dc1>icts a.rr arcurao wit;l~ ou c-mrl~c~clirmmt c>f fc:~cus lilrcrator 130 that is swit,clr-able orr arrd ofl in it s lilrcrvtiom c~flc~ot. rhh~~ arcruru-. is illnst rat fol in au application im 1' w111(:h It; 15 llNf,'fl ilS ?L f'tllll('I'21 v1t'V: flllflf'1' f()1' R11 1'y'f' h'<ll) ('lllllf'I'tl. 1 )Ilt It. 111N.~' flll(1 11 variety of other a1~1>lic~~utif>lls tll~lt (lo Ilc>t llco:ossarilv°
lmvc' f>r involve oal«cras.
Incc>lllillg revs 510 rlllcl 52() of light, ore (livcl t,col ly~ clivcrtor 20(1 illt<> oalllera 210.
Tllc: ollrlolt of canlero 210 is .sllplllicfl tc> proc'easor r~<10. Tho c>«t.lo«t of processor 5IO flrives clialllrl.v c~lelllollt 1'?() nllcl ulsc> wlc~c is fr<>ll alrle>ll~; tw> ll~lc'lcli~;hts, a first l~aoklit;llt which is rl rocl lal,scr 1>oillt, ac>Ilrc'o 5S)f. <llcl a aocxulcl 1>acl:ligllt which is a white C'o«llmct Fllulrwc ellt Ligllt (C'FL) :lS)1. ()htics 5:30 focus light onto clisplav cle«lent 120 and <llso foo«s light-, from clialllrly elelnellt 12() ollt o t,lle reficctioll of epe 100 ill clivorter 2()0.
Processor 540 scloot, fro« 1 tlu' two light son«'cc~s, slu'11 tll«t. al tlscr of the appa-raltns wln c:hooao I~rtwc'ml llwill~; al tlc>rlll vic~w~lillfl<'r rl«cl h~lvill~; a focus lillcratccl viewfinclor. 'Vhell a n<rlll v-i(w-fiucler cy>tioll is selected, the: ~s~llite C'FL oS)1 is wvitcllc>cl on. W'11c'n a. ffclls lil>f~r~ltccl vicwfillclcr is <lcsirc~cl.
C'FL 5J1 is slltlt ofl~, and point scnlrcc 590 i> s~Titfhlc~cl cur.
It is lwcff~ral>lo tht iho ylrllltity c>f light ill ru,v <~1()' lm reallo«sivc to the dlta:utity of light ill rn,v :I10. It is also lno'lc~rrll>le tll<lt rrp 51()' 1e c'o11i1ea,r with ra,~~ :.p10.
Silnililrly it. is allso luo~fc~rol~lc' thrlt ruv :~'?()' I>e rc~sllousivf' I,o, al«1 collilloar with raL~~ 520.
'~'llell point soltrce .'090 is s'vitclm-~fl cm, ryvs 510 allcl 5'?0~ a,rc ru,~-s of reel Iascr light that are llocllllatecl ill clllalltity 1y rrlvs 510 ollcl 52(l reapectivc:lv. Wllcll llorc light allilles into t llo apl~ar~lt.lls olc>«g ra,v 510. lllc>le light cllcrges from the npllaraltus along rav 510'. Likewise fen' rav i'?() alllcl 5'?0~. allcl for ml~- ayes ill 1>erween.
In this wav. tlu~ ~-vllolf~ wc>rlcl i~ ~efm iu laser light. '~illoe thc~
lrlac.r light lls infinite foc'lls. it looks aollcwvhat like' zl llologral«1. I'e'c>llh' looking t lwollgll t he appara.tus when it. is holtccl to al, tall>lc (ao tllcrc' i~ no I«otic>u) oft.cll rc~lllrlrl:
thalt tllcy alre looking at a llologlalll (e.g. t hinlc t:llrlt tllcy «re loc>killg ;lt rl llologrrlll of whatcwer object is actually 1>resfult). 1«ltil they glove their Ilaucl in I~rollt (>f the rl,lll>~uai ll~ ill orflcr to see that tllc device is ''live~~ .

Divcrt.cr 200 cvzn 1>e o. mirror rc~Huct.ivc~ c~u I-o>t1t ;isles, or it czrrt 1>c a 1>ca.nusplitter.
If it is a l~carusplittor, a pc>lazrizcr '?11 is ~>roforo,l~ly plocc~cl c>vser orzzucrrz 210, to I~rc~vemt, viclco fcc~dhacl:. This lmlori~cn i~~ cu-imutc~sl tc> ruiuiuriic t.lu~
clmmtit~- of light slriuiug into tlic swrucrar from lizylut sotwr~»; ::~J() or 591. I~asc~r dioclc s proclncc polarize<1 light, arzcl sliaplrz,v clcuzctrt 12(l m»- ~olso 0o rnprisc lictuicl crv,t,al l~s'twecn crossed polaLri~ers.
If this is zzot the < asr~ then o sc,rmrul 1>s>lurizcr is neccle~sl l~ctwcerr slisl>lay elcurcut= 12() aucl clivortcr 200. to prw-cnt i-iclc c> fcosllmcl:. Thi> s:orzrl>izl<atiom s>f tws> polazrzcr,~. or of rzsiug rzppropriatclv polnrirccl s~:~tuccs c>f li;;ltt or of cli~;l>lu,~~
clouzmuts, is callcsl ~~ video fcodl~ach l~rcvcntcr. Aumtlzcr kiusl of viclcc~ fcxoll>~uelc Iorovczrtcr <azu he rllclc 1»~ using a clic;lzroic hcanzsplittcr for the clivcrt.cr 20(). Fc>r s~~aryolc, if tlzc wlzolc apparatus is iml>c,clslc~cl into cvcylmsss~'. <z slichrc~ic l~c~mrnsplit,t,~~r onl~e my-I>c usccl for tlzc clivcrtcr.
V-itlz pr~opcr aclectiom of ps>lariiot.ion ou ilu~ cli~plu~~ 1>ackliglzt.
arzzcl e.anrcraz, a video fccdl~ach hrc-ws~mtcr will l~c orml~oclic,cl lw tln' ,sclc'<vt.iou of clcsiyr oritc~riv.
FIC~. 6 slclict~ mu c~ml~solim.cut of tlzc 1c>cus Lilo-~rarcw 1:3() of t:lrc arcmmc: im-cmticnr in which the degroc of lil>cration <.z~u l~c~ sv>ntiurtcnzsh- acljustccl. A
lazrnp hozzaing containing a, light sonrcc~ B5 litz~ uptic~s t-Trot cs»rtazirz azt iris car stop 600. Stop 000 is c-either aset rnnrrrmlly lzv tlu~ assn, iu wlriolt c u,se t lie set titz~ is sent. to V'c.vrCoulp 150, ly wy- of signal (i01. car tlu' iris i~ am ly V~''c~art'orry> 1a0, zzlso 1>y wav of sigrml 601.
Tlrcrcforo aigzml 601 oazu 1e frsmu i ltc u,cl.jtrst olole .;top 01)0 ts~ tlic V'oarC'omp 150 s>r vice vcersn. A aignal 602 frouz ~~'cnr(:'~nnl> 1.00 to pc>wcr szzlyly l~1() oottools the 1>owrcr 1~2 to tlzc light: aoorw~ 135. In this wyv. t-lzc li~;lrt fnc>rm light sortrcxe 1:35 can l~c irzcrsvascd wlzcu t1-~ stop 6()() is oloscsl, ~~tul clcorcosccl wlrc'n tloa st.cy (i0() is c>i>crrs~d. Tlre light from t-,ltc light source 135 can l~c oontiurmasly vm~iccl ondcr s:ontrol of «''carC'ourp 150 (or lry wuot:lu~r dcdic:ratcsl micw>co>ntroller lnult clirertly into tlzc a.reurae of the im-cntiou if dcaircd). The contimu>nslv varying cttzrnztity of light c:ory>crmotcs for tlzo degree of opcuucas of atot> (>00. Io this wav. tlzc ytmut itv c>f light catering cvc 100 zzra,y-1c uzaclc partially or wlzc~lly inwmiront to tlm aottizrg s>f stu>p 600. Tlms, if clcsirc~d. the rzpparatrzs emu 1>0 1>rogrrrnnrzocl to provido~ a coortrol that c cuztrs>ls orrlV° tlzf-~ dc>hr;h of '2(l field. or proviclw all ill<lc~lo-11<lcllt c'c»ltrol c~f clct>t ll c>1 ficlcl.
rlnd if do sirccl. a scimratc control tc> a,d.jllst scll~~,rwtcl~~ t-11.' ctLL<llLtitv of li~;llt clltc rillt; cs~o 1(l0.
hllc clcl>th of fickl oonilol tcyct,llur with a fomls c<~utrol G11 cnl olyjcctivc lc.lls G10 proviclc fclr a.u arculac tllt hale <l tc>t,al of tlu'ce illdcepc~llclc~ut.
controls, as follows:
~ focus:
~ dcptll of focus:
strength of llackli~;llt.
Note that the clisplrly' c1c11LCnt it;;clf will lil:cl~' 1L<ouc its clw°n 1>ri~httlcsa and ccultrast controls. and these ulav I>c ccnltrollccl in rolntic»1 to tllc allclwc tlwcc controls.
~ calnlcra use c1 with the al>1><llatlls c>f tllc illvcntioll call lu~ovido ~~'<~arC'olllp 150 ~b'it.h picture illfOrlL1'1t1011, iLLOlluliLLr',' tllt' dcl)1.11 Of ficl<l That c'~iSts ill the 5c:cllc. hl this wav. tllc arculac of the illvcutic»1 lna,y nLltollLaticwllv ;ld.jllst il.scll to ensure that the 11501' Of R c'a111c1'a. 111('Ul'j)(>1'8t 111 tl.c ?li'('Illrlc' Of tllo 111V<'lltLOl1 ('till lOOls at zLllV' Oly)c'c'.t lIl the accnc~ with leis or llcr llc>llc.:llllcra cyc allcl tlllt tllc zlppa,ratus will e~crt littJ.c or no apprecial~lc ill flucuc'c over t llo fcloLls of flue c'alllclu cy°<~. I'lllls the calncra c~~'c is fr<-'c t,o f~o<~.lla «'llcrc~ it. wollts tc>, lullc ly to fm'tls t:ogctllcr with tho llollcanlera ayce oll real--v'orlcl ohjccis, so that vicwfillclcr olyjc~c is yol~e~w ovc~l'lzlicl on real world olyjccts ut w-hrlto~-cr clcpth t>lano the llsc l' is lool:ill~ at.
F'ICT. 7 clcllicts <lu n.ltorllt.ivc c~1111~c1diLllmlt, of the Boons lillcra,tor 130. in ~~-hich fomls lillcration is ol~tzlillccl w-itlL rho C'FI, 5!3 L. r~lthc~r than t.llc laser source 5;10 of FIG. 5. Ill FIG. 7 the C'FL 5~)1 tcy;c~tller w-itll the clis111p- clelll<-nlt 1?0 l~rodllcc a di$~tlse clisplav tnedilun. I>llt it. is still Ilcl~;sil~lc to illllllnlllcut. t;llo locus lillcra,tion a,slacct of the ~lrclll~lc: in~~clltiull. Ill this sitlla.tion. tllc f~ocns lilacriltor l:3(l inc'llules au automatic focus svstcnL.
A focus colltrollcr 700 scuds .l 1>crioclic' I>llsc~ train as sihllal ~O1 to one or lucre slllall illfrarcd t>oillt scnlrccs 7(7'?. rI~llcac pc>illt ;c»lrcc s i ()'?
a.rc located ill the sank clcpth plmlc~ as clispla~~ o1c111c1Lt l'?0, and tllcs- ohcraltc ill t.llc llcar infrared, rather ?1 than thc~ fa,r infrared. Sine c' they c>1>crate in the uerl,r iufrarc~<l, it c~~n 1e assmued tlmt the o l>tics 730 c>f t.loe dislMnv ss°at cm. w w<~l1 w t.ltc lc~us of eye 1 ()0 will focus sources 7()2 in tlu~ same w~~mus t ltcw will foo ns cli;plas- clouucmt 120. Therefore it myv 1>e o,swunocl that if aml wlma clispl~y< elemeW 1 '?0 iin fciom cm tlm retina, then so will Me sources 702.
Light from C'FL 5J1 I~~i.sse~ rhrouglt ~lisl>lm~ c~lcmcut 120 zl.ml ol~tios 730. and is rofiectcd into ovc 1()0 1>v clivcrtc~> '%()(). ~~ 1»~rtion is roH<x~tocl off' rl second di~~c~rtez 710 and is oonsiclc~re~l wnstc~ light.
After passing into eve 100. s~mm light: mnerges zztuf is <livertc~d lay <livertor 710.
to emerge as ras-s of lit;lit 112. Evo sensor 72(1 tlterefow~. io oft'ect.
looks into eve 100 and determines its focus. ~c~u~u>r 7'20 i, l~refe~r ul~lv mrade sensitive tc> sources 702.
tlwouglt the use of al~l>rolmiutc, fiftc~rs. rim c~vc~ focus aonsce signal 721 from sensor r720 is aupplicd tc> nve focus sem;<~ procc~sn<>r 7:35. F'roc-:essor 735 is responsive. to n a~-nchronization signal 73G from fc-wus controller 700. Therefore processor 735 cyan incorporate the ftmctionalitv of ;u look in ,ml~lifior, so t:lmt it c:rtn 1>c ma<lc far more sensitivce to the degree to which sr-m~<~es 71)2 ~~rn in fmws. Tlic implementation of a loch in amplifier within lmocssor 7.3o is t~;ouc~rolh- m-~~.essrwv i~t order t.o ensure that there is sufficient sensitivity ~~s w~c~ll us tl,o ol~ilitv tc> rcyjert noise.
since tlu-~ signal coming back cmt of the eve, ~~-ill l~<' very w'~~1:.
~n eye focus sigua,l 7:37 <lcrivod from l~roccssnr 735 is syol>lic-of to a f<>cus n,nal~-zcr 7~0 w~lticlt tracks the focws mol a.l~l>lics a look uf> t,~l>lc~ (LUT) to the aigna,l 737.
The output signal i 11 of onalvior 710 is feel l~aclc into tltc focus controller 700, thus forming a closed loop f<~c~cll~rlch c ~o:it.rc>l w°st<~~n.
An output 750 of controller 7()0 ol~~i~~c~s a sc~rvn mcc:ha.nsm 731 controlling the focus of optics 730. Optionnllv the u<oitrollc~r 7()() mn.v ulsc> prc»~icle nn rldditiona.l output signal 701 to cx>ntrc>1 camera optic.,, 112 lw v~av of aenvo mechmniwn 7f)l.
The focus lilcrator 130 is clem~te~l Los o clnslmol line iu FICI. 7 outlining the com-pone.mts consi<lcre<1 t,o lice l~~i.rt of the focm lil~erutor 1:3(). Note that, in this c'a;;e. the (lislll~l~' 1o11Clclight w11iC11 is ('FI, ~>l)1 is 1\()rh loaot (>f tllo foCUS
lillCrlltor 130. since it (lows n(>t lillCraLtC f(>c'als.
\ote also thllt ~mll'( CS i 02 rlro l;alrt, of tllc fowos lillCrat;or 130.
~.vhi1(~ (lislllry' elenlerlt 120 is Ilot pllrt of tile foClls lillur<ltr>r 130. cwnn tllout;ll 1>(>t:ll aLrC ill the sank planC of focus.
hl slulllllar~-. illfornllltioll IlrwetltCfl lm v-ay of dishla~' olonlCnt 1'20 always aElpears t(1 Cvc 1(l0 to lo~ ill locus, (lv'iu; t.c fc~Clls lillCrlltor 13(1, regzlr(lless of what (lCptll 111anC c~~c 100 llli~ht 110 fcolsCCl ;111. h:vC 10() c,ln rcl<Lx ~llul foc:lts out to illfillitt', or it call tc~llsc 1111 all(I foClls cl(n~w t(> JO (~.clltilllctc~rs, (>r znll~'w-llorC in bctveCCn. ~'et tllC
information on (liallly' ClenlCnt 12t) ~-vill lllwavs ullllcar t(1 110 ill sllo,rll fowls tcl n user of the al>lmratns of tllC ill~-(~utiml.
FICT. 8 (lellicts lln oroluaC «-it,ll a discrete ((lihitvl) 1(~lls illC(lrporat.ed into the focus lillcrator 1:30. A lllo~rrll>lliC s~~-itclmlllc lE~us ~Lt) is (xllltroll(~(1 llv m s(~llsilll; svst,cln 820. SCllaill~; yst.cllll b20 is clraml rls a sill~;lc 1>lm k, lost (>Ilorntes itl 11 nlllnller sinlila,r to sensor r20 c(lnllline(1 v-itll Cue fcl(als senso Ilrc essor i 35, f~(>Clls anah'zer 7~0, foClls Controller 700. et( ..
AltCrnativCh-, v lnuoll nlcrC (rl'll(1C foons senaiu); ystcnl b20 luau lle nsed hccausC
it only lmc~ds to (>l~tnin a rou~,ll <~stinlt,C of f(lCUS. In ull(~
Cnl)lo(lilnCnt, tllCrC a.rC
onh' two regi(>ns of foe ns. cuC f(lr distant rll>,jCCts an(1 an(>ther f~<>r ClosC oll.jccts. The 9~\-itC1121111e llol(l~rn,l>llic 1(~lls (.'21.I lsC c's-c l ()() tc f()( lls ('it.ll('r 11('<lr flr fair. (lepCll(lin~ (111 it,s state.
rllis enlllodilnent ef tllC inve~lltioll is llsolnl «11011 nsinh 1111 u,ut;lncllte(1 or nle(liated 1'('iLlltV ('1111)0(11111('llt Of tll(' «'('i11'ill)lf' ('eLlll('rR
111\'('Iltl()Cl 111C'<)I'1)Ul'~ltlll~' th(' wll'C,111aC' Of tllc~ illelltion as zl viCi~'fillclc~l. ~','ll(~11 wor1:i11Y; ou ClosC
ol>,jects at oral's lell~llt, the arolllac of the invmlt.iou luc~selli; text alll(1 ~rz11111iCS ov(~rlovs onto these olljeCts with 11 focal (IistanCC of 1 I11<~tc~r. :lost ol>,jCCts tlmt; mlln ~wn'lcs w-itll (sllCli lls wllilC fil:in~;
21,11 1111t0I1101)11(' Cll~lll('~ 111'(' 1f111)I'<)XITIlat:('l~' (>ll(' I11('t('l' alW'1LS', th(' 21,1)1~1'()Xlllliltl()11 1)C1I1 511fI1C1GIlt f()I' 11 I'~1,11~'(,' Of WOI'lClllt; <llstal.ll('E'S 8'0111 211)Ollt J~) C('lltllll('te1'S t(> tW'O Illf't('T'S.
°7: j When the ~-calror of tile Llplolrlltns is clmlc w'c>rkillg on t=llo E~ugille, he or sl~c my 115E' th(' Llt>l>tll'LLtllS 115 il 1111 F1gt1.t111 71LE1. Z~~hll(' EI1'I~'lllg 11()111(', 111 W'lllE'll C'LLSC 111051 Ol),)cCt stwh Lls rcolEl sighs L111E1 11i1111clurels nre~ sllfficielltly fllr Llv-L1 Lls t.o ile overlrliEl with text alucl grallhica focllsE:d tc> iufillitv.
This sEecoucl zc>Ilc of I-oc'lls cy>c~laltns frcnll two ulctcrs tc> infillitv.
Tllc acnsc a~~atelll 8?0 tllc~rc~Icn'c oulv llce~c is tc) Elc,tcrlllinc w-llcthcr the c,VE-~ is f~oc115ed rlt olyjE~crs closer tll.ln t.wo lllcters wyv. or oll cal),jc:cts flu'tller tllnu tv-o nlctcrs llwav.
It can therefore l>c a vors ,sillll>lc clcvicc tc> i1111~1c~lucllt.
FIG. 9a shows 11 bvc:lcwllrds 1'ctivlll lolls Llssclnl>ly coulllrisod c>f two groups 910 and 920. The foals liberator E'oulprises tlleso tv-c> groups S)10 Llnd x)20 together with all vtocrtllrc stop G()0 1>f~twecll tllc~ Lens grolll>s. 'I Ilc llsc of the ~lI>erture st-,op forllls a,n arcnlac' that fills 1111 Llpc-~l t lu'o c'cultrol. Tllc 1 >Llckw~ll,r<ls Pct,zvlLl lolls wsclnhlv provides infornllltic>11 cliap111y~c1 onl i11111gc~ hl<Lllo Misloly c~lc:lucllt 1'?(l.
into c~ye 100. Llud ol-)crates 5111111~1I'l~' t0 13 ('Lllll<'1'Ll L1~111~r~, t.lli' V.'E'11 1i11<)~Vll h~'t,6V11.1 IE'115. llel.~'lllg 1111 2lpE'1'tlll'E', 115 2l camcrll Eloc s. Uulikc vicwfillclcr~ of the price' ort. 11 view-fin<Lcr iull>lculcutiug this coufignu'ation provides t.llc user wia,h Elcptll of foc'lls cx)tltrol.
FIG. 9b sllo«~s ~Lll ellll>colilllc~ut of au orE~lllm w-itll Lltlcrturc stop G00. ~~llere tile alllcrtlu'c stop G00 is 11: cliatul Ly~~ltlu'E~ stc)I>. ~l~llc dist,lll alpcrtlu'c stop is uscflll for lOC'~l,tlllg th<' LIpE'1'tlll'(' Stc)p fell' i'I1;>Ilgll L1W'L1~- fl'Olll tllE' t'~'(' 111111- 1111' Llpcl'tlll'c St()p c'1111 be collccalcd.
FICT. 9c chows llo«- 11. covert c~l.llloclilllcmt of the illvcultiou c'Lln 1>c nlclc, using au a.pe.rture atop G00 vvhic;ll is 11. dist111 Llllertlll'c stop, the clistlll lllltlu'c of tllc Ll.pcrturc atop nlllking it coltcc allaolc l>c~'c>ll~_1 tile ~'isil>lc ~workillg rcgiou c>f tlle: cycgla,ss nlountcd optics. Urclillllril~-_ lcnacs Lltlcl t.llE~ lilcc ilnllccl<lccl in tln~
frcnlt ghlss portion of c~'cf;lllss lcllscs call he hiElclfn, ovain<~ tc ~ i-,llc~ glu.,ssy LlYyc~o.r~llcc c>I the c~'egluss lolls alld the lens group s J10 Lulcl cJ2(). rI'hc~ El~:lsigu c'an 1>c, cy>tillli~ccl w tlult leas J20 is redwood ill visillility alt tllc~ c~xl>cllsc of rll;llcing lolls S)10 lnorc cisilolc.
since lolls J10 call llc c;onccalcd at the edge of the E-~vegla,ss lmls. I>v f:llo frllllle:; ~~)0 of the eyeglasses. this i5 :7 I

a us(~flll t 1. o,flcoff .
An alperture sif>11. 1y its nzltolo~. is f~lr lluno~ (lifficllt to of>uceal i11 aln c~~ehlvsa lens than tra,n611arent optics. AI>crrlno~ stops or(~ ~;r~lu~raLllv lllack. A
lrlrt;f: lllack flick, for exa.ulple. with al sluall h>le i11 it , vv~:>lllfl lle 111 fl t o cnl: call ill tllc plain central pol~tiol of all eyef;la66 lens. Tllclcfere tllf~ 116e of au <lllertllre stole ti()f) that is a fli6tal alperture atop helps My ~ettin~; t:Lee aperture stop 1>auk falr e11o11~11 that, it c<Ln lee collcc~~Llecl 1- tllo frullles 7~0 of tllf~ c~et;l;ns;,f~s. I'r~ef(~lal>ly Mlle Eiaunes 7~)0 of the evegla,6se6 ure Mock, 6o that the apcrtlwe 6tfy ~,vlli( h is als(> 1>m~fm~al>lv lllrlch, alolltwith a lloltsill~;
to prevent li ht 1er11:a~;e. will rl.ll olcllfl ill t(> 1c c(nlc(~.olf~fl within tll(~ eyeglass fralne6 7J0.
I11 ~(~ueral, tho <Lp< rtllr(~ 6tcl> f~l~ the oh(~llul( 6ho111(1 ifleztllv I>f~ 6n1,11 enfmgh (e.g.
tile f-n1u11her 6hfn11fl lee lli~; ol»Lz;ll) io 1>rovicl(~ sufficient flepth of foals to af:hieve focus lil~cr~ltioll. f refer<ll>li- t.lm arclllac ai>oltluw 6top wotll(1 leave an opcnily with flltllll(!t,er ~.t lealst 61112111 ellf)11~11 stl(.Il 71N t o forul 71, st op v\~it.h f 111u111>f'r of alt least J.~, the flisplay elelncnt llciuT; 611fficif-~llrly Ilri~llt o,s t(> 11(~ rea6(>lllllv visilolc llotwit116t<l,nfling the rcdllction ill 1>rihhtuc66 callsf~fl lrv the 6IUa11 cl>enin~; ef tlli6 stop.
~~l)tl('S. 1111)~l,l'tlf'111e1T'. lf'115 hI'(>I11) ~)~~1), all(1 '<1,56(>('ltlt('(1 11('wll~ (,~.f~ f>htlC'S 81'(' prCf('ltll)1\' collcealf~fl within ille leu6 111at,cri<ll of the c-e~;lassw. I~eus t;rolll>6 X10, aufl c6peciall~-J2f). nlrulc of pleat:eri<ll 11<1vi11~; <l lli~;llcr rcfrof t iv o illdcx t11a11 Cllf~ cvct;la6s le us 111ate-rial, ulav lie inlhcflflefl th(~rcill. ,l,llfl still lntuctiou, if fle6it;ned for nse in a nledinnl of rcfrncaive inflex efylal tf> th<Lt of tllc e~~(~g1r1.6s lens nlatcrizll.
All index nmltcllinb sollltioll, inch as xylen(~. 11L,~- I m u6ed tf> fle6i~;u a.llfl test the (wi~;illzll Ilrototyl>es.
Optic6 inllleflflc(l ill cs-c~;la6se,~ of the prior alt do uc>t: inclttfle aln aperture stop.
Optics inlhef.ldefl iu eye~lu,66 If~ll;;f~~ of the 1>rior alrt ~;ellorall~.~
real horizontal. There_ fore another important ilmetltiw~ couoeht in t(»ou1 flee olat,ic6 vertically, so that lens group 9I0 i6 situat e(I rlt thf~ tep mr 1>tt.(>nl of tho (~ye~;lrls6 frzlnlc6, allfl the llypotennse of a diverter illcf>rp(wa.till~; Ices ~;Lf:ul> S>2U rluls 11(>rizo lltallv alcrf>66 within flee e~~eZ~la,ss lolls. ~lorf~ovf-er, tlli6 f:liveltcr cmo lc luo.fl(~ unlcll wifl~~n t11a11 i6 (>llticolly llf:ce6wrily, ~::>

so tlmt it lxrx,s ~z width c~cyml to t.lie width of tlic cntt line c>rclixxz~rilt~ aaaocinted with 1>if~oca,l eyeglasses.
Im this vvay, tlx<~ fimialiccl 1>rc~clnct loc>l~s ,just like ou~climory l~ifc,wnl c~~c~la scs, im which tlm clivcrtc~r is ccmcc~nlccl lw umhixy it loch lil:c the cmt limy amd <vssc>ciaLtc~cl lnxlge of ordim<xry l~ifooal cvcylo,s~~c~.
A mxicro mximimtmc c~~~xxxc~rri, 21() is c>lt.ic>mMly iuclmlc~cl «-ith tlo~
imvemtiom to provide an Eye--hah camicro iml>nt to rl 1>rc~cc~~sc>r clrivixy, the urcmroc c>f tlxo imvemtion.
llorco>ver. wlxou onxly once cy°e od~ tlic ~~~ern c~r is t.uhlo~cl. t lu~ oi-lxcr cycgla,ss lem of the cyc gla,sscs can ho fittc~cl with ra 'v-l~nmm~'' optic. 1aa-ing tlxc aamxc ohl>carmxcc as lcms l;roul S)20 ra.nd tln~ assc>ciut,ccl clivcrtcr. lnxt uot- notmjlly fmoticuxixx~;. In this way, the aplnrmtus cam I>c imxl~cclclccl ixxsiclc ordinary c~ve~la,sscs wlmrc t,hc frames 790 coxxce~l tlxc al>ortnr<~ stop. mxxcl t:lu~ ~nxl~- Lmrtic>n in view is c>mc of tlxc two folded lens groups amd the rust of tlxc clivc rtcr. a.ncl nuotlicr "clmmnv~~ vor siou of iclcxxtic Col looking o~stics.
so tluat overall, the cxxt:irc vlol>~lr;-nt us is cc>ucualnd in ivlmt. look liko ordinary Uilocal c yc glosses.
FIG. 10 clc:l>icts um cuxl>c>climcut c>f tlxe c~':e;luss 1>~~.sccl arcmmc im which divertor 200 is mov~~,lolo imx~:lor control c>f rc l~roccssor oncl aervo meclxa.misux.
Di~~ertcr 200 at its neutral rzud ccmtra.l loc°aticm ~mrl ~:wicutotiou is clmuotecl 1»~
mxmcral 200. Divcrt:cr 200 at u,m rirl~itrary of lu~r losition. lc>c oticm, amcl ori~~m,mti~m is dcmotcol ly numeral 200'.
For siuxllicity. two clivorters '?OU cud '?()0~ me drawn in tlxc figmc, where it will be understood tlm,t tlxcesc rlrc lx>tll tlic same divcertcr im lc>ssilly-di$~erc-pmt positions.
locations. mmcl orientations.
Divcrtcr 200 diverts of l~mst a i>c>rticux W rav 510 into ra l~ix~llole camxera comprised of sensor array 311 a.xol l~iolu>lc~ l.()00 c<mcc~~ilcd iu thce cy~glass frzmuc s 7~)0. A Corrc-slomdimg rav 510' c>f light ss-utlicsiiccl from tlic~ mrcmr~c mm~rges to lass into cvc 100.
Tlxe clmamtity of Light in rov 510' is rcsl~omivc to the clmu,xxtitv of light in ra,y 510. Ray 510" is also collimeor with rw :u 1l). Lihcwviso for rzi~~ 5'?0 a.ml 520.
Divcrtcr 200 clivcrts ry~ lt)10 out,o tlu~ aumie l~i~cl c>f cn.mc'ra, rx,rrn,y 311 ~~, did 2(>

clivcrtc-'r '?()0 clivcrt ra,v 51(t. 'l,liew~Fcme rp~ 1(t I0 ~ivos rise tc>
rein output from. the arcmac that c:onu~s out of tlic s~ouc~ oremac direct is»~ os clicl t:ltat.
~ivcm rise. to lw ray ~1() with clivcrtcr 2(l(). I3ttt mw the r<u~ of lint, that cc>mcs c»it of the arcmac gets rcficotc-~cl off cliw~rtco~ '?()0' itutc~ml c>f clivcrton 200. mnl so it t;ocs off in a di$~crcnt direction. This ray of li;;lut Oomuciu~; off clivurtc'r '?00' cmer~;es as ray 1010' «~hich is c;ollinca.r with nml clm~ntihrul>hicollv rcslo>u;;ivc to r~~,v 101().
Similrly, rav -l ()'?0' i,s c c>lliocor witlc <mn-1 1>hotoclmwti~;t~ahliioullyc~slxmsivc t,o ra,~-1020.
l~.ava 1010' aml 10'?0~ cuter cvc 10(1'. Ew~ 10l)' dcnc>tcs cvc 7()0 after it has shifted in hoaiticm. location, auul c>ricntntic~n from it., ori;;inal I~osition as cyc 1(l0.
Prefcaal~lv a relative cvc lmc;ot.iou mol oricm,o,tiou tracker itnsiclc~ the cy~c~;lasses clctcrmincs the location ;jml oric:otr~ticiu of c~vc 1()t) aml ozauscs the clivcrtcr to reclircct lit;lt into tlm cec, uo mrot.tcr wlicrc~ it. is.
In this way. tlm wc~ncr caa loch arc»uol to some clchrco. amd the mediation zone will follow ilic wom~cr's hare . Tlms t c> o o c~rtaiu clc~;rcc. tl>c onicicra will shoot in t,l>e clirccaion iu ~-vltie li tl>c wcwrcr looks. «-itll tltc V'icloo()rlits algorithm (see:
ltth:/yvcrurcam.cny~orl>its or htth://wcarcomh.c>r~;~orl~its~ tllt, sc~~zmlcssly stitches images t:cycthcr. o "lool:lmimtip" c:ou l~c ~c~m~rntccl. .1 loc~klrvintiy is a still picattrc formal from viclco t akc~u fmmu t.llc w~cwer~s vars-iug :;mzc.
Anol.her advamt~u~;e of this nl~lmratus cif FI(.;. 10 is t,lia.t if t:hc evet;lasses move arcmncl, c.g. ly slicliy clo«-a flee mwc c>f tlu' wc~n.ncr, or ahiftiy slil;lltly~, the clivcrtcr will movo to oomlo~mszltc~ for the ~miwli~;ummnt. Thus tllc pencil of re~.ys formal ly-X10' and X20' will movr~ t,o the nwv looaticm clcfiuccl 1>y tlcc hcucil of ra,v s 1010' aml 1020'. ~I'hcercforc thn lo~mil c>f rrys will o,lw~yvs l~»ul o.t or incur tlic ccmcr of hrojcctiou of flu-~ lens of an cy~ of tltc wcrmcr of tl~c special ovcgl~~ssc~s.
13E\EFI'I'S (>F ~hI-IIi~ I:\VI~_~'T'I()N
Am Eve -TnI~ c r~meru, is a cmucra tlm.t uses a elivc~rtcr to divert rays of light that, wonlcl otlu-~rwisc c mt cx thc~ lmns c>f ~m cvc c>f t ltc usc~lw>f tl~c omllcr<a. into muf-wns, such 'O r as ru C'C'D array, for Oosorl~iy aucl clmnlltif~~iun tlicsc rays c>f liylit. A
vicwfimlcr for an Eye Tal> camera c omlwiscs amorc~mm tlmt l~rcfc~rzi,l~ly rcswutlccsiiea the rays of light that. v~crc cliwcrtccl.
With this coufiyu~a ion. a new lciu~l c~f clc vice rewlts. Tltc tvhicallv wearable clcvicc camcs the c ~ c it-self t o l~cl~ovc, im effect. ~,s if it were a c;amcra.. This ashcct of the invcutiom «~ill 1c rcformol tc~ a,s Eye ~hal> tc~clmolo~y.
~r.Y'hicnl enhoclimcmts of llcis Lye Tal> clcvioo lia,vc tlic alyczrrancc of orcli~iary loc>kiug sunglasses or orcliu;uy loohiug 1>ifownl <~yc~~;lassos. or tln~
lil:c. and arc therefore of great use owing to tlmir l~otcuciul to lm~~c~ m natural alyc,arauc:c.
Light tlmt w-oulcl othorwisc Im,~~, throuhlc the ucmter of the lens c>f at.
lca,st one c~~e of the wcarcr is iustc<uc1 ~liw~rtc~<I into ;u wc~ara.l~lc~ comhutaticmal imagce 1>roccssimg clcvicc.
After this visual inf~orumt,iom i~, luo>c cssccl. it is tlccn use cl to moclulatc a co mptttc:r oontrollccl laser light somcc~ lmilt iutc~ tlic tcml>lc sick l~icocs of tlic sunglasses,. Tlm laser soltrcc is clircctcd, cooler cwnlmtor cmutrol. so that it. shines tlwough the canter of the lens of at: lcmt one ceyo of the wcarco.
Eye -Ta.h t,cclmology- hroviclw tlic 1~~~.sis ic~r ullovaint, tlcc i~-cr~rcr of the shccia,l suu-glasses to alter leis or lu~r ~-iwal p~l~cl>tiou of rcaLlit~~. Fc>r ehaml~le.
a vecarer of the wnglwscs can sec im tc>ta.l clarkncss. or in t lcc iulr,o~ccl region c>f tllc shcctrcun. Tlmrc-forc, w~hcu liglitiy is boor. a lmrsc>n v-ho has tncmlolo aceing in hews light c:am use the device to provi<-lc light mnl~lificmicm. C'out,rast, uri,n also lx~ cnllauc<~d using sohh.isti-o.atccl oomhutc,r programs t lca,t prc>ocss the light clivcrt.ccl from tlic cmntcr of the c.~-e's lcm, prior to t~csvllt,lmai~iy tluis liz~ht im,c~h iut<> t-Ilc c-wc's lens.
So~m~ eml~odimcuts of the ar~mi~~c of flee im~cmtic>u arc lmscd on rv point source 1>adclight, aml tlmsc mul>c>clinu~nts in l~ru t iculi~r pro ~~iclo a new- kind of vicwfiudc.r c.xhcri<mw that ~,vill 1>o clc~sorii ~~~cl l~c l<»~-, fc>r tlm l»~mcfit of tlm rca.clcr w~ho has mot 1 ml an opportmity to look tliron~,h the wnglvssc~s that c:mnl>ocl~- flu-~
aretnac. of the imvcmticm a,s a vic~wlinclcr.
The 1>oiutsowcc vrcmac mew cv-~Ocient, luscr light in a cx>mhlctcls- new-wrvy.
p V%ith the hc~intsontrc:o arf~nmo . t lu' Ions in lltc cwt itself has littlo eff'c~et.. This rcwlts in a very comfortnlnle wic~wiy ~~~pcrimme loxan;;c~ tho mutsclcs in the ove:
c1o not have to c1o amv work. The icnagc is clrivmu thrc»tgl tlu~ es~c~'s leas using the Ey~o- Tip tcclmologv. amt ol~jocts aro simu.tzi.nccntsly in I»~rfect focus from rcro to infinity.
I3ec~auso Laser EyeTr~.l~ Iwovides iufinito dept It of focus. out cwm k>olc tlwouglt the wuglasscs a,ncl hold a. fiugcr ooc cw two cca~timc~tcrs mw°a,v frotu tlm cwt anal it looks like it is in ahurl~ focus. \~'liilc ate doing this. om~ can lc>c>lc off at tlu-~ clisto,nt- loorizou aml sec> loth the finger uncl tli~ lmrizc>n in altarl> foe°ns at the sarme tune.
~lorc,c>ver, other imhc~rf<~< tiou~ iu tlic cy~, ,snclt as astigm<otism, c;tc., will often have little conaechu~nco~ on laser Evc~ ~hal~ toclmolo~;~-~.
\ow l~ecauso <nf tltc infinite depth c>f fowus, c»te corn also see the imperfections in the lens of oue~s town csw. whilo ~.v-emriug t.liis mnl>oolitucnt of the invention. One can ace material auch as clnst ott tlo~ nvc's lens, and irretnlorities in the iris of the eve.
l~loocl vcaaels in the c~-e.
Also. ea,cli time: one; 1>liuks, tln~ i~-il>e lines of 1lie c,volids will appear in much the same way as the linen oracle ly~ the w-imlsliic~lcl wipers c>n a,n rwtcmmhil<~
windshield.
Tlicsc wipe lines are st,raut;elv <li~,m~l~ity <tt first, l~ecausc~ ~n:llcn you try to look at tltcm, tlmev go a~~-i». Each time ils.c <~i~c~ tries tc, fovc~~utc c»i tlnmu.
the eve moves and the cvolicls veipc u~~wv the verb- tltiy that vcm rite tryity to look at.
However, after aomo-a nettiy nsecl ro, the Fy~~I'a.h suylus5cs ~~r~~ cluit,r' 1>I~~asiy t,c~
wear.
Things look c~ttit c' cliffermut tlirc>n~;ll tlu~ Eve Tvl~ glasses, <uml one may developed a liking for this altc~ruretc~ view ~~f reality. I1 is <u very rvl>cruetic feeling. a, licit like being in5icle your eve. a,ml seeing the world us n l~hot ol;rahhic ~cc>rlcl, mappccl inside the ~~~~c itself. as if t lie eve it-sell ~cnrc~ a camcrn..
Soma emhoclimcnts c>f tho im~:~nt-ic>n or<~ also useful for the visnallv c:ha,llenged.
As the focus is lil~c~ratc~d to a r;neatcer and hreatcr clegrc,e, althomgh imperfections in the eve I~econne more vi;;il>lc~. I>nt u,lsc> the c <mtmnst aml cla,ritv of the image increases in certain other ~~wws. So altlu-»tz;h tlm image lo~comuc~s clcegradcecl in some ways. it p) becomes letter in others.
People with poor evc~si ;lit oft-ctc sec umoli uo>rc clmurly v\'lucn looking thrcm.gli the Evc--Tab sunglmssce. C'olmrc>>ut La:~c,r light= 1>roviclw for less scattering thou noncohcereut light. and this suggests t.hut thcosc wfforing fro ru glanconm may l~c allc to e~peruencc some grceatcr degroc of~ sight 1» virtue of the roclncc~cl sc otterimg l>oasille with laser Eve -Tra y> tcclmologl~.
\-Iorcovcr. owiut; to the alility to insert m oonyutcr into the reality strewn between the camera and the arcmao. one c:acu furtlu~r cnlmuoc imm~;es, for c.~amplc.
ly rca,ltime video umhping rlrouncl ~ ,c~ol<m.m. l_~sittg a wmll 1>~~t.tcry howcrcd auhcrcombuter.
imahcs crln l~c hrocessc~cl io only a fmoc ti<>n of a scconcl, sc> that a reality- stream rmuing in full motion viclf~<> rc,sult.s. 1-Irmuv c~ml>odimcuts c>f this acotoma reum.pher rm at a full 30 fra~ues her scwmol, with loss than 1~~?~() of a soccmd delay.
The invention is also nsofml ire 1>rovidiug a. sc>lution to the loss of peripheral vision los' rcmahl>iug tlu, periplmry iW,c> the c cnt,rul rugiom with a hyber fisheye computer image I>roc:c~ssimg alg«ritluu.
These results chow bromide. zmd Eve ~l'al~ tc~clmolog,v ~~~omlcl be of great lcmefit to visually impaired persons.
On the incorporra.tion r>f cxuuhat,iug into tl~ Eye rIOI~ tcx;luu>logy. 1=he Linaccess (T~-I) avatc-mn is nsecl. Limocccss ru:us <m t.oI> of tlm G \ 11 Limu~ (T\I) opora,timg sv~;tctn, which is umch nn>rc rc~wmfignrn.l>lc fc>r t:ltc visually cl~allc~uge~:l then closed operating aystcms like V-irlt)~~ (T~I)_ V'~%io)~~ (TAI), c~to., ~\~l~icli ouh- auhlo>rt, low vision users in ~l, VCT'Z' Sll~)(:r'flCl~l1 \\'et~'.
Linaocws is also uscfttl t,o tln>sc \vith m>rtual vision l~c~c~~ause the high contrast laser fonts drawn ou tlic rotima v:itl~ infinite clcl>tli of focus z~rc also temlalle v~~ithout looking directly of tlm~m. rhliis moons tlmt rm~er i\itlmormul vision can r1m do\vn stairs, two or t,lu'ce stc~los at a t imo; mul still rc acl au cmail umssagc without haci_ub to look right at the lctt.ers.
~-~-'hile jogging tine em rcacl cmail aml real>cmd to it, ovc~m cn~ a crowded sides\-alk, :>() witllolt lonrnping into alls~onc~.
A c.onllmter hrc>granl e~lllefl ~jiclec>Url>its (ht tlz: //w-earc:ulll.or~/orhits) is also the lzrzsia for tile l3.ealit v ~-~% inclovv \1<lmu,t;m (li~~'VI) in wilicll rf~a.l world o lyjects l econle willflow~~ into alterlla,te vifwv.
C'onnnancls arc-~ elltf~l~cl intcl the ~~f~alral>le c~f>uIl>tlter Using lliosellsors. A satisfac-tort' biosonsor system is ehe systclll umlnlf~m twecl by Thcnlgllt Tcwlllology, a C'anadiwl colllanv. These aLlld other sell,~ors lual:e tile Eye Ialp sullglassc~s reslx>lsivc; to both slLllconscious and conscifnls illlmr. ~~ wt-,hollgllt l crldillg;" aystcnl lla,s obvious llencfits, fol' ('xallll)1C, to ('allt,lll'E' 11112Lg<'s t>f Illat<'1'1~t1 tllal Stlllllllelt('S a gT'etlt (1<'Ill of 1)1'a,lll aC-tivitv. A hiofeeclllack yst,f~lu cell 111<ll:ce tlle, wll~lusses 1>rwent tile lest picture, while llclnitoring brain activity.
Tlle appa,ratlls call 1>e cculirc~ll.ecl sly otlllsoimls effort. For example.
t~~hillk ~colll-elands call he clollc-~ lz~~ either t,llcnl~;llt, ( "t Ilou~;llt ren,clillg;
Illc>c1e'~ ) or by collseious ffe ring elf c:ertail llnsclw.
The Eve Ta,p slllgl<ISSCS Ilav lee w-ors i.og;et:ller ~-itll a ha t cxlntainillg skull elec-trodes. and/or au llllclc~rallirt ot>ut~linillg; fmtlu~r I~ocl~- c-~lcctroclfw. V-'ith a single illlnlt system. one c.a.n type letters ill llc>rso code. f~,clr e~~ullplc~. tale call flex an 111usecl port of the hotly fitted with elco troflf~s, ill rn,picl sllcoessic>n tc> form cots assts dashes of nlorse code. Three clasllcs ill laLl>icl slwoessif tll. foo c,wllllole~.
form the letter wo'"
which cause s the eveglassc~s to upelll a cc>llleotictll. All advrLltagc of UXIX connlland lisle interfaces is that all cxlnlllallcls rLre allc>rt and curl easily lee altered using lllorse code Muscle flexing, while wvlkillg arouses ants cloillg fltller things.
Using nlllltihle eleetrf>clc~a (c~.,~. hotel sllcmlclf~r lllaflcs fc>r Ilianlllic input, or three lzocly regions fc>r trianll>io input. ~:~to.), the lyoill~ speocl c<ln 1>e, ilwroased. This llleans that, one does slot lead tc> o<lrrv a l~evl>oa,rcl. <Lncl c>le eau type while ,jogging. Unf' can e~~ell typo while c 1i1111~i11g a ladder or rape, prf>vic(ed a t;oocl selection of body regions is used. Thc: Eye-Ta.l> slllglasaes mllllcl t,lllla. fc>r eaanlplc~. Ile Used sly a ctuadrihleg;ic to react alld send enla,il, using a tliallhic: t,~~pillg; ay,telu from fa cial electrodes. Since the.

laser E~'c T'al~ ulovc's with t.llc fucc. irresl)cc'tivc' c~f whc'rc~ tllcv head is poilltcd. or where the cyc is focused, it, is lot llcc c;~wuy to look il a I)rlrt.ici-ll;lr clircct,ioll (c.~. wllc-arc a traditiolull screen ~~-ould force' tllo user to 1>oillt tllc llc ald ill zl 1)rlrtic'tllor direction to sec' it,).
Soluc elll)c>dilumlts of tllc iuvcutic>u will inoc)rl)oratc or include' al ~;~lze tracker.
and for those eull>odinlcllts th<lt clc>ll~t incllulc it. ollc call lle e<j,sih~ a.ddec:l. Tlic haze:
tracker ca,n 1)e used n.s a cluwor lie:~illtill~; device iust.ca<1 of ~l luotlsc.
Tllc t;azc tralcl:cr ucc'chut lo' oll cs-o iralclc~r. Eye truc;hcrs call l-)c' culrclial)lc, es-pccially ill sln~lll fork factors. \lorcovor. the c~ye trwl:cr lll~- I)o annoying ill the selsc tht it, ulkc s it llarcl fc>r tlu' usc'r tc) look uro Ilml wit:bolt the dist,ractiou of all wllloy'ill~; cursor f'ollou-ill~ t:llc ~'y~'s ulvcm~~llt.
Aocorclingly. illstcod a new kind of ~;~~io traol:cr is tvllicalls- ttscd. hl tllc l3.calit~' ~~'illclow i\-Iaua,er (R~'~~:\:I) the yl~:u tlm~~ lie clsecl 1)otll tc> select «-illclou-s allcl also to po sitio2l t.llc wirtllal wiuclow vi~'wn>ort .
Live lacer EyoTrlt) viclco come;, into tlm rc)ot wiudc>w. W'iudows such as the: clock 21,1'E tl'w1115pare.llt No t,ll~lt tll(' Wc'~1:~<'1' ('wtll S('<' thl' I'('111 ~-1%01'1(1 t15 E~'(.''I'~l,l) ~'1(lQ0 ('0111111 through these wilulow;;.
Accordingly, the lcllotits c>1 o viewfinder tht is snit-,al)Ic for al v-c~aral)le Eye, Ta.p video calllle~ra svstenl. or thc~ lihc. ;llulcl l)c' chit c' eviclcut frc)ol this clisc'losllre.
There is al al)ec'iz~l aigllificull~:o' tc> the notion of a 'sllrl,psllot ill tillle" aucl the 1)loccssill~, stora~;c'. trrlllsulissioo. ctc., of tl ulotiou pica llrc ~l,s a scqucllcc of such "snal)sllota~~ .
'-~ llmu apl)lyin~; dalta c:'c>llll>rc asic>u to a st2'mn c~f illclividlll pictures that will 1)c viewed ill realltinle (For cxznlul)Ic i2 vicleco'muf~c~relleilh, sllc'll as the first--pcrsou perst)ce't.ivc viclcocmlferellc'ill~; f)I the w-earvl>1el l;ye Trlp clc'vicc).
it is hcll)flll to take into ac:cc>ltnt tllc ulamlcr in wlliclc tllc clat,a will l~c sent.
'.\-lcwt notably. pict,urcs arc is l>icwllv sc~Ilt over al t)acl;ct lmsccl coulunulicatious cllauucl. f or cxalmplc, V'~''earholc \-~' irc~lcess «'el o alll used t 11c A?~25 Aula,tc llr Fl.adio .; p protocol. r'lccordingly. 1>~u lscts t-~.y»wullv c~it ltcr n,rrivc illtrlct cn' zllc corrlll~r. F'aolccts that arc corrupt. traditio tl<lllv wc>111c1 llc rc sculr.
Al interesting apllrcololl is r~_> 1-~ro~-iclc clntal ccnnl>rcssion on al per inlagc l;~asis.
and to vary the clcgrcce of oonlhression so tlult Mlle sic of cac:ll picture in the illa,gc scctllcllcc is c~actl~- cctlll to tllc lc ltgth of ouc tluckcr.
To~;ctlic~r with t-he 1>ric»- ~~~snll>tiott Itllt ittl~;cs urc alc:cluirc~cl at a rate that c:~cccda the c°Ilanucl call>~lcvity). it veill gc tlc'r<llly llc irllc tllrlt ly the tinlc w~c know that: a pac:lcct («-hic'h is ~l c ~nlll>lctc~ pie t,lu'c~) is corrupt at the rccoiver, tllcrc: will have already l~ccn alwtllircd a newer pictllrc than tll<~ one tlmt. v~~o.s scllt.
Suppose.. for c~alllplc, the round trip tinlo (13'.'1f~1'j is I()() lns («-llicll is cdllll to the time: it takes to gonera,te three, picture s). tllcrc v'cmld lx' lit,t=le acnsc iu rc sc-~llclillg a llicturc that wa taken three pic;turcs agc>.
The connnonly arising nitll~lni~>n in v'llicll llict,llrc's arc c<lptltrcd at a rare than cxc ccds the RTT sllggcsts th~lt tllre ~~-ill ml~~'avs llc newer llictltrc information at the tralnsnlit site that wlmt v-cllllcl 1>c ro salt ill tllc' event of al lost paohct.
This alll>roacll fc>ruls tllc lmsis for tllc ''1'ictllrc Traltlsfcr 1'rc>t cool" (I' TP) proposal ly the rl,ltthor. hl l>articltlor, I''1'I' is lmsc'cl cell t:hc iclcu c>f treating each "snapshot'' ill tinlc as al. single cnrit:y, ill i~c:~lriott, aaul coitlprcs:;iltg it into a single packer, so that it will have citller arrival ill its ctltirit-v or llor orrivc-~<1 <=Lt X11 (alld therefore he discarclcd) .
inchuling a rcociwcr sulwystc tll felt rcecciving llaclccts. wid paolccts packctizcd such that onu pac;kct oorrcaponds tc~ <nlc~ pictlnw f<>r clispla5- c>tl srlid display nlcditlnl.
SllC'11 a 1)Cl'SOI1~11 1111Rg1I1~ 5\-'Nt<'lll 111aV 111C'hlcl(' ~l C'i'c'('1\'c'r Slll)S''~r('lll fol' 1'c:c_'clVlllg packets. said h~chcts packctiic cl s~.lcll tlla,t ollc' p;lc~l:ot <
orrcshollcls tcl once pictluc for disllla,y oll said display- umoliluo.
Tllc 1>craolla,l illl~lgitl~svstouu tllll~' also 1>c w~h tlla,t, said rccciecr sllllsvstcru re-ccives packets without llckllowlalgclllcnr to a sc>urc c~ rr<lllstllitting said pa.clccts.
The personal imaging y-stclu caf lll,ly allac> 11c such tll~lt said tronsnlittcr auhsvstcnl sends l~a('kets witllcntt n(:knowlc~d~r~111(~ut fropl olle (lr room rec:eiv<~rs.
Although the ahparLltlls of t lee illz~entiop ll:l,~~ lie Used as a z-ie~~-finder for video cameras. it shonlcl still 1>e rcecoglliiecl that zl sill~;le I»ct.ltrc fropl a pictlp'e secfuep(:e t8k('11 C~~ltll a, vl(1('o C'a lll('1'a Call lltl.''(' a 11111 (l('gl'(,'(' c)f 1'('1('V2111('(' all(1 lllealllll,°' eV(:11 wllep it is taken in isolatic»1.
Sinlilarh-, a clir(o:t re salt of h'TI' is that a single packet from a packet sequence leas a high degree of relevlluce all(1 pleanioh evc~ll v-lleu it is taken ill isolation (for exanllle wheel the pa cketa 1>efcarc ,ollcl after it Lluvc~ l~c~e-ep c:orrllptecl).
It is thc-~refore a l>larc~llt tllt if~ <l svstcnl ~-erc~ highly luwelial~le, to tile extent that picttn'es c'(nll(1 0lll~~ lie trallsmitt,ecl c>('ewic~llally, ap(1 lulprcclictably, that the video sectllellce plight live greater value as ~1 strc~all of wuoessive still pictures. This point of vie«- conlbine(1 with l'TC' wc>Lllcl 1>rovic-le a sy~st(~111 tllt w-oulcl (Iegra,(le gracef1111V~.
Ip(leed, if we were to rrlp(lonlly sele('t just a few fralle s fropl a elation picture, we woul(1 likely live a good wunplary of t ll(-~ olotiou I»~'t,ure. rlllcl, C>rovide(1 the illtegrit\-of the picture s was ipdivi(lually re~toilu~d ly tlu~ yol>ropl-iotc~
transllissiop prot,oc'ol.
ally givop frame «'ollld provide us with a sharp 1»ctutre ill whioll sulyject flatter of interest could he clearly disceollecl. I~il:e~wise. if w-e w(~re to randoplly select a few packets from a, stroaln c>f tllcnu,ulcls of plckc~t,s of PTP. we wolll~l have (lata that ~'ollld provide a latch nulrc lllu~allillgfltl illtorprc~tatiol to Ille.
hllllan observer than if all vae liad v-as ran(1op11v ~electc(l 1>a(:l:ets frupl all \:IPEU sequence.
aec:cnolillgly, an ol>,ject of t,llc~ Personal llagillg project, is to provide a syst,elp that, transllits pictllrw ill harsh or Llc>~tile clvironllc'pts. Ope such at>plicatiop of such a systcpl is tile Persolla,l 5rlfc~tv 1)cwice (lesclif~e(1 ill http:/%«-earc<111.org.
Tlle Personal Safety Drvic'e clii~ers frog c>t llnr wiroless clat.a t.ransplission systepls ill the sense t=hat it was clesiguc~<l fc>r "Best C'u.sce" c>l~eratio~l.
Ordinarily. wireless tra.lsplissions are (leesigned for mo ~rsr ('ase scc>llario s, such a.s flight gnara,lltee a. certa.ip plininllln level of perforlllaule(~ t'urmlglu~ut a large lletrc>pc>litan area.
The Personal Safety Device. 11(>wever. is (lesigll~:~cl to luolc~~ it hard for a,p a.clversarv to gparantee total nonperfortnaucc.
It is mot a goal c>f t10-~ 1'<~rso oral 5afet~- I)<evioc tc> p trl,rmtcc connectivity itt the presence of ho stile .jatttmity of tlm radio sltcc twum, lost , rutlo~r. Mlle goal is to tualcc~
it difficult for the aclvcraary to gmur<zutec tltc alwcncc of wntttcctivitu.
Therefore, a,u otherwise potential pcrpctratoo of a crime ~wmlcl ocvcr log al~lc to 1~c certain tlmt; the wearer's device-a was m~tu cilterr~tio:ml and wntlcl therefore need t.o 1>c on his or her 1>cst hc~lmwiour at all times.
Since tltcrc is_ n.ncl would l~c. tltc 1>ossil~ilitv of .just c>no 1>aokct, which cont,aitts just one pictmc. providiy inc.rituinating m-iclcm:e of wrongdoing, art individual can simph~ wear a persc>ttal safety clcvicc to obtain I~rotection from criminals, a.ssail;ants.
amI attackers.
Tlic Fc-cur c>f Fmctiomjlit-,y~ (Fol~ ) tm>clcl mcaus tlmt if tlicrc e~ista tltc: possibility-that the svstcnt tttigltt fnnoaion :~~zrt r>f r,lu~ t-imc. so tha , a «~cntld-lie hcrhctr<~tor of a crime against tltc wearer c~f r l c hcrsonal sa,f'ct v clc~~ice tmust be on his or her l~cst hehaviour at all tintc s.
The personal wfctv clevicc m~ccl not work wntsta,nt:l, W tt. ra,thcr, tnuat simply prf~actt criminals with tlu~ l~ossil~ility t,hax it c:'ntlcl work sometimes.
This scenario forms the basis for lest-case cleair;u as <u~ ultcrmnt.ivc to the uwal wot~st-case dosigtt paraditmn.
Tltc I'cersotta,l httaging svst etn tln~reforo t-rmtsntits viclco, but the design oil the s~~atent is such tlnLt it will, at, t lm ~-c~ry least . c>c~ ~~sionull~~
transmit <t, tncanittgfvtl still nttagc.
Tvhica.lh~ tltc wearer's jadtct fmuctiotts as a lorbc lazy frcctucmcy amtcma, providing tranantission capability in a f~rccl~u~m~v lmnul th<ut is vcn~~ llarcl tc>
stop. For example.
the 10 meter band is a ;;ood cl~oi.cc~ l~ecaamc of its util>r~~~lict.alolc performance (owing to various 'vkil~" plicmonu~na. <~tc.).
It is alao desirul~le that sltc-mt rzwtgc ccnnnuuticatiou a,moty; mcntl~crs of a commtt-ttit~~ of users of w-cara,l>lo corners iucorl~orrnimg t1c invcntiott c:att "imfcct'' each otluer ~; r~

with the possiblitv of h~lviy sc~m all illlhc~.
It, is lot necc~sstry to lllve ~c lli~;ll o~;~;lo!ytt~~ 1><ulcl~~iclt,ll. For ex~Illlple, a witness to a crinlc is a vvirus"' or .'lcluo'~ tlutt. tlln l~crlletr~ltor lllit;llt want to kill. Hc;,wcwer.
a,ly otllcr person wllo oc>lles into lilo of si~;llt li~ltt c'oultatc't or near ralclio contact wit:ll thc-~ ~~~itrueaa hecolllca .'c-c>llt-rllllilotcol" with truth lw t,llo witllcss, ill the sense tht the perpetrator clots not know wh~~tlmr or loft illanes were sc~llt from the witness to one or llorc otllor pec>l>lc. hl this wn,~.' tile l~crLo~tr~L1-or nulat alswulo tilt ally of those tile:
witless oonlos into c cnlt.zlc t wit ll rlla,;y l~c~ c nrric~rs of tll-c tr11111 "virus" .
For this reason. a PTI' api»'oatc;ll is nsc~cl, as rl c;ollec'tionless. and serendip:'itons con111nications l~rotoc'cll.
Fronl the forc~~;c>ing cle~.crillric>n. it will i lls lie evident tilt tile 1>resclt, invelltio ll pl'ovlcl<'H a (1('S1~I1 (>f~ 2L ('(»Lttl('t 11'11 f()1' 1I11O1'lll~lf loll (1151)121y~. ~5 vRl'lollS ('htl.ll~~e5 C'.all l~c llacle in the z~lolve ollll~c>olilucnuts ~ulcl cyorat illh llletlloo-is witllont clepartillh f~rolll the spirit or scone of tlle~ ilvmltion, it is intenclecl that all llrltter c'ontaincd ill the above cleseription c>r slunvn in Mlle alcc'ouy~Lll~-iy clrmwill~s sllonlcl lie interpreted as illustrative and felt ill al linlitily sc~asc~.
Variations clr lloolifications to tllc~ clesi~,l allcl r'culstrlu'tic»1 c>f t,llis invention. within the scope of the illvcellt.ioll, luau c>c'cll' to tho~c~ alcillecl ill tile art Upon reviewing tlm-a clisc'loslre herein. ~lelmoriotiolls c>r mo>dific vticills. if witliin the spirit of this invmltion. are intenclecl to lie ellc'c>ulpu secl wii,llill the sro l>e of rtny olainls to patent protection issuill~; 111>on this invoni i<>n.
>(i

Claims (38)

1. An aremac, said aremac comprising:
~ a display element borne by said aremac;
~ a focus liberator borne by said aremac, said aremac providing a viewport viewable by an eye, such that said eye re-ceives an image displayed by said aremac, where said image is from said display element, and where said image appears in focus regardless of a continuous vari-ability of a focus attribute of a lens of said eye.

2. The aremac of Claim 1, where said focus liberator is a pointsource focus liber-ator.

3. The aremac of Claim 2, where said focus liberator includes a red laser diode.

4. The aremac of Claim 2, where said focus liberator further includes a spatial filter, said spatial filter comprising a lens focusing laser light from said red laser diode through a small hole.

5. The aremac of Claim 1, where said focus liberator is a switchable focus liberator, such that continuous focus liberation can be turned on or off.

6. The aremac of Claim 5, said focus liberator including a red laser diode that can be switched on and off in order to liberate focus when said red laser diode is turned on.

7. The aremac of Claim 1, where said focus liberator is an adjustable focus liber-ator, such that the degree of focus liberation can be varied.

8. The aremac of Claim 7, where said focus liberator includes an adjustable stop.

9. The aremac of Claim 8 where said focus liberator further includes a light source, and controller for said light source, said controller causing said light source to produce a quantity of light that is responsive to the degree of openness of said adjustable stop.

10. The aremac of Claim 1, where said focus liberator is an autofocus liberator.

11. The aremac of Claim 10, where said focus liberator includes at least one auxil-iary light source in the same plane as said display element, said auxiliary light, source being modulated by an eye focus sense apparatus, said apparatus for con-trolling the focus of optics, said optics focusing said display element for viewing by said eye.

12. The aremac of Claim 11, where said focus liberator further includes a lock in amplifier connected to said auxiliary light source, and also connected to a device controlling the focusing of said optics.

13. The aremac of Claim 10, where said focus liberator includes an eye focus sensor.

14. The aremac of Claim 13, where said eye focus sensor distinguishing among two states, a first state in which said eye of the user is focused closely, and a second state in which said eye of the user is focused distantly.

15. The aremac of Claim 13, further including a switchable holographic element, a switchable state of said swithchable holographic element being responsive to said eye focus sensor.

16. The aremac of Claim 1, said focus liberator including an aperture stop.

17. The aremac of Claim 16 said aperture stop being located in the optical path between said display element and said eye, said aperture stop chosen so that said display element will appear in sharp focus when said eye is focused to 50 centimeters as well as when said eye is focused to infinity.

38 ~

18. The aremac of Claim 16 said aperture stop being located in the optional path between said display element and said eye, said focus liberator further including at least two lenses or at least two lens groups in the optional path between said display element and said eye, said aperture stop having an opening with diameter at least small enough such as to form a stop with f number of at least 5,6, said display element being sufficiently bright as to be reasonably visible notwithstanding the reduction in brightness caused by the small opening of said stop.

19. The aremac of Claim 16, said aperture stop being a distal aperture stop.

20. The aremac of Claim 19, for imbedding in eyeglasses, said aperture stop con-cealed by eyeglass frames.

21. The aremac of Claim 20, having a diverter running horizontally across and imbedded within an eyeglass lens of said eyeglasses.

22. The aremac of Claim 21, where said eyeglass lens is a first eyeglass lens, and further including a second eyeglass lens, said second eyeglass lens having a dummy diverter imbedded in the lens material of said second eyeglass lens, said dummy diverter providing said second eyeglass lens with the same physical appearance as said first eyeglass lens.

23. An apparatus including the aremac of Claim 16, and a camera, said aremac responsive to an output of said camera.

24. The apparatus of Claim 23, further including a diverter, said diverter diverting at least a portion of rays of light that would otherwise enter the lens of said eye of a user of said apparatus, each ray of light entering said from said aremac being responsive to and collinear with a corresponding ray of light diverted into said camera by said diverter.

25. The aremac of Claim 1, further including a diverter.

26. The aremac of Claim 25, said diverter being a movable diverter, at least one degree of freedom of motion of said movable diverter being responsive to at least one parameter of said eye, in relation to said aremac.

27. The aremac of Claim 26 said diverter rotating in order to reflect a pencil of light rays from said aremac into said eye.

28. An apparatus including the aremac of Claim 1, said apparatus further including a camera.

29. The apparatus of Claim 28, said aremac responsive to an output of said camera.

30. The apparatus of Claim 28, further including a diverter, said diverter diverting at least a portion of at least some rays of light that would otherwise enter the lens of said eye into said camera.

31. The apparatus of Claim 30, said aremac responsive to said camera, said aremac producing aremac light rays that enter said eye, each of said aremac light rays collinear with and responsive to each corresponding said at least a portion of at least some rays of light.

32. Viewfinder means for a portable camera, said viewfinder means comprising:
~ a housing;
~ a display means borne by said housing;
~ focus liberation means borne by said housing, said housing having a viewport viewable by an eye, said eye receiving an im-age displayed from said display means, and where said image appears in focus regardless of a continuous variability of a focus attribute of a lens of said eye.

33. A viewfinder for an eye to look directly into, said viewfinder comprising:

~ a housing;
~ a display element borne by said housing;
~ a feature selected from at least one of;
- a source of light that is approximately a point source of light for non-diffusely illuminating said display element;
- an aperture stop for providing nondiffuse light to said display element;
- objective optics for viewing said display element, said objective optics including an aperture stop, said aperture stop sufficiently small as to provide a view of said display element, said view being approximately in focus when the lens of the eye is focused at 50 centimeters, and said view of said display element also being approximately in focus when the lens of the eye is focused at infinity; and - an eye focus sensor, and optics for viewing said display element, said optics responsive to said eye focus sensor.

said housing having a viewport viewable by an eye, said eye receiving an im-age displayed from said display means, and where said image appears in focus regardless of a continuous variability of a focus attribute of a lens of said eye.

34. A personal imaging system, said personal imaging system comprising:
~ a housing;
~ a display subsystem borne by said housing;
~ a focus liberation system borne by said housing, said housing having a viewpoint viewable by an eye, said eye receiving an image displayed by said display subsystem, and where said image appears in focus regardless of a continuous variability of a focus attribute of a lens of said eye.

35. The personal imaging system of Claim 31, including a receiver subsystem for receiving packets, said packets packetized such that one packet corresponds to one picture for display on said display medium.

36. The personal imaging system of Claim 35 said receiver subsystem receiving pockets without acknowledgement to a source transmitting said packets.

37. The personal imaging system of Claim 34, further including a camera, and a transmitter subsystem, said transmitter subsystem sending packets, said packets packetized such that one packet corresponds to one picture.

38. The personal imaging system of Claim 37 said transmitter subsystem sending packets without acknowledgement from one or more receivers.

31. An aremac, said aremac comprising:
~ a display element borne by said aremac;
~ a focus liberator borne by said aremac, said aremac providing a viewport viewable by an eye. such that said eye re-ceives an image displayed by said aremac, where said image is from said display element, and where said image appears in focus regardless of a variability of a focus attribute of a lens of said eye, where said focus liberator includes an eye focus sensor, said eye focus sensor determining which of a plurality of discrete focus ranges said eye is focused to.

40. An aremac, said aremac comprising:
~ a display element borne by said aremac;
~ a focus liberator borne by said aremac.
said aremac providing a viewpoint viewable by an eye such that said eye receives an image displayed by said aremac. where said image is from said display ele-ment, and where said image appears in focus regardless of a variability of a focus attribute of a lens of said eye, said aremac including a switchable holographic lens.