CA2278210A1 - Construction method - Google Patents
Construction method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2278210A1 CA2278210A1 CA002278210A CA2278210A CA2278210A1 CA 2278210 A1 CA2278210 A1 CA 2278210A1 CA 002278210 A CA002278210 A CA 002278210A CA 2278210 A CA2278210 A CA 2278210A CA 2278210 A1 CA2278210 A1 CA 2278210A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- building
- fixtures
- supply lines
- construction
- lines
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method, in which a building with a plurality of supply installations is planned. The invention proposes that, for selected areas, in particular those in which different supply installations from the plurality lie close to each other, starting building components from standard building formats are systematically prepared for the defined accommodation of the plurality of supply installations. The systematic preparation entails providing for all necessary apertures and fastening points, and can take place directly at the building site. For this, a mobile processing centre is also proposed. The structural elements are preferably self-contained and can be considered as a three dimensional plan drawn up in a scale of 1 : 1 for the laying out of the supply installations.
Description
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
The present invention relates to the construction of buildings, and, more particularly, to a construction method according to Claim 1, a machining center for building construction, and construction elements for buildings.
Products of all kinds are currently manufactured more often in serial production than individually, with computer-aided methods being increasingly used. Thus the utilization of a CAD/CAM system for mechanical design is known in the construction of machinery and equipment; see for example Siemens-Albis-Berichte [Siemens-Albis Reports] 38 (1986). Furthermore, a method for product configuring designed for ease of installation is known from "Robotersysteme [Robot Systems] 3, 37-45 (1987)."
U.S. Patent 5,587,914 describes how a sheet building material can be folded or bent by machine without the tool which is used for such purpose interfering with the bending of the component parts. The arrangement of fold lines is known as such from cardboard cartons;
compare for example German patent 1 95 43 579 A1.
In the field of building construction, manufactured houses are designed which are largely prefabricated on an industrial basis, whereby the production site is centrally located and the individual parts of the manufactured house being constructed are transported over long distances to the construction site. The transport distance entails high logistics costs and is susceptible to disturbance because individual single construction components can be lost as a result of transport damage, delaying work at the construction site as a whole.
Manufactured houses are also used only for comparatively small houses.
Complicating factors are the strongly varied use of buildings, the differing geographic factors of the construction site, etc. Total prefabrication of a complete house in a central production facility is therefore not possible on a practical basis.
Furthermore, certain construction elements such as installation systems for sanitary fixtures are prefabricated as modular units. German Published Patent 2809135 presents an example. Even with the use of system components for installations, however, construction tolerances arise which make assembly difficult. In particular in the case of systems of this type, it is easily possible for the lines of an installation to be laid by a worker on site completely differently than intended.
Different systems for the construction and/or planning of buildings or parts thereof have also been suggested; compare for example U.S. Patent No. 5,227,983 or U.S. Patent No. 4,847,778.
In conventionally constructed buildings which are planned and constructed as originals and in which the assembly, i.e., the shell or wall construction, the laying of electrical lines, plumbing, air conditioning systems, etc., are carried out by hand, no detailed planning of fixtures and supply lines is possible or meaningful. In large buildings such as high-rise buildings with open-plan offices or the like, it can occur that lines can be found several meters to the side of the very crudely specified location. Thus lines such as hot and cold water or incoming and outgoing heating lines located close together are easy to confuse. For this reason it is necessary in the operation of the building, despite definition by the construction plans, to measure after construction, which increases construction costs. The actual material consumption with respect to electrical lines, etc., can be predicted only with difficulty, which is detrimental to cost projection and construction supervision.
The obj ect of the present invention is to provide something new for the commercial application, and in particular, but not exclusively, to facilitate a predictable construction result at a reduced expenditure in time and money for buildings constructed as originals.
The obj ect of the present invention is achieved through the independent claims, whereby the preferred embodiments are indicated in the dependent claims.
A basic idea of the invention thus consists of, even in the case of a one-of a-kind building, not only specifying the planning with respect to the fixtures and supply lines such as air conditioning and ventilation systems, electrical lines, arrangement of wall plugs and switches, plumbing installations, etc., and then leaving it to the craftsman to determine in the execution where he will actually lay the lines, but rather first carrying out precise planning even with respect to these elements and then compelling the execution of this planning through the provision of construction components according to the exact plan for the defined receiving of the multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines.
Although assembly takes place by hand, it is thus ensured that only slight tolerances will occur. In contrast to the state of the art, where as a result of unforeseen and unintended construction processes, errors and deviations from plans occur specifically at the transitions between different systems, the construction results can be unambiguously predicted with the present invention. This is achieved in that planning and assembly, i.e., the actual execution of the structure, are more closely joined together than has been usual in the past through the prefabrication of construction elements exactly according to the plan for selected areas.
Planning takes place in precisely such a manner that, at least in essential areas such as utility shafts, etc., the location of individual lines, connectors, switches, etc., is unambiguous. This is easily possible with the use of CAD/CAM systems, whereby even after appropriate implementation of planning regulations, ergonomic aspects or requirements of sound and thermal insulation can be automatically taken into consideration. Starting with these detailed plans in which, for example, the routes for the supply lines are defined along which the individual lines run parallel without mutual interference, components can be prepared for select areas according to plan for defined locating of the particular fixtures and supply lines.
It is not necessary according to the invention for the building to be completely prefabricated as in prefabricated houses; instead it is sufficient if basic components are prepared according to plan only for critical areas, so that fixtures and supply lines to be provided in the rough construction are brought precisely into the correct relative position, making the installation of the individual fixtures and supply lines by craftsmen more easy and less susceptible to errors. If in finishing the rough construction, the basic components prepared according to plan are installed in the selected areas, subsequently the fixtures and supply lines can be fastened in or on the initial components prepared for this purpose. The fixtures and supply lines can for this purpose even be partially prepared in a shop so that less tools are needed on site. At the same time, an activity is made possible for the craftsman in his shop even during periods of bad weather independent of the degree of completion of the rough construction. Thus, for example, it is possible to prefabricate electric supply lines from a central fuse box to different stories of a building which extend through a central utility shaft in the manner of a wiring harness known from automobile construction; this harness need only be laid in the construction parts prepared according to plan and then connected appropriately; in like manner in the area of plumbing, pipes, etc., including all elbows, and the like can be prepared in advance. This reduces the time required for assembly. Thanks to the exact planning according to the invention, there is no need to fear that the different fixtures and supply lines will interfere with each other.
The starting components prepared for selected areas according to plan for defined accommodation always ensure that at most only tolerances so slight as to be negligible will occur. If the entire rough construction is not prefabricated, the absolute location of fixtures and supply lines in the building will indeed not be determined with millimeter precision, but nevertheless their relative location to each other will be highly exact.
At the same time it is possible due to modern measuring methods to construct the rough construction itself adequately precisely so that the absolute location is determined with satisfactory precision.
The use of components prepared according to plan makes the construction results more predictable and more exact and at the same time makes any subsequent dismantling and recycling of the systems used easier. In the same way it is easily possible to retrofit an existing system without relatively great expense due to the existing plans and without the necessity of measuring the actual structure. In addition, the component can likewise be prepared as required. In total, the invention thus results in clear gains in time, cost, and quality.
The present invention relates to the construction of buildings, and, more particularly, to a construction method according to Claim 1, a machining center for building construction, and construction elements for buildings.
Products of all kinds are currently manufactured more often in serial production than individually, with computer-aided methods being increasingly used. Thus the utilization of a CAD/CAM system for mechanical design is known in the construction of machinery and equipment; see for example Siemens-Albis-Berichte [Siemens-Albis Reports] 38 (1986). Furthermore, a method for product configuring designed for ease of installation is known from "Robotersysteme [Robot Systems] 3, 37-45 (1987)."
U.S. Patent 5,587,914 describes how a sheet building material can be folded or bent by machine without the tool which is used for such purpose interfering with the bending of the component parts. The arrangement of fold lines is known as such from cardboard cartons;
compare for example German patent 1 95 43 579 A1.
In the field of building construction, manufactured houses are designed which are largely prefabricated on an industrial basis, whereby the production site is centrally located and the individual parts of the manufactured house being constructed are transported over long distances to the construction site. The transport distance entails high logistics costs and is susceptible to disturbance because individual single construction components can be lost as a result of transport damage, delaying work at the construction site as a whole.
Manufactured houses are also used only for comparatively small houses.
Complicating factors are the strongly varied use of buildings, the differing geographic factors of the construction site, etc. Total prefabrication of a complete house in a central production facility is therefore not possible on a practical basis.
Furthermore, certain construction elements such as installation systems for sanitary fixtures are prefabricated as modular units. German Published Patent 2809135 presents an example. Even with the use of system components for installations, however, construction tolerances arise which make assembly difficult. In particular in the case of systems of this type, it is easily possible for the lines of an installation to be laid by a worker on site completely differently than intended.
Different systems for the construction and/or planning of buildings or parts thereof have also been suggested; compare for example U.S. Patent No. 5,227,983 or U.S. Patent No. 4,847,778.
In conventionally constructed buildings which are planned and constructed as originals and in which the assembly, i.e., the shell or wall construction, the laying of electrical lines, plumbing, air conditioning systems, etc., are carried out by hand, no detailed planning of fixtures and supply lines is possible or meaningful. In large buildings such as high-rise buildings with open-plan offices or the like, it can occur that lines can be found several meters to the side of the very crudely specified location. Thus lines such as hot and cold water or incoming and outgoing heating lines located close together are easy to confuse. For this reason it is necessary in the operation of the building, despite definition by the construction plans, to measure after construction, which increases construction costs. The actual material consumption with respect to electrical lines, etc., can be predicted only with difficulty, which is detrimental to cost projection and construction supervision.
The obj ect of the present invention is to provide something new for the commercial application, and in particular, but not exclusively, to facilitate a predictable construction result at a reduced expenditure in time and money for buildings constructed as originals.
The obj ect of the present invention is achieved through the independent claims, whereby the preferred embodiments are indicated in the dependent claims.
A basic idea of the invention thus consists of, even in the case of a one-of a-kind building, not only specifying the planning with respect to the fixtures and supply lines such as air conditioning and ventilation systems, electrical lines, arrangement of wall plugs and switches, plumbing installations, etc., and then leaving it to the craftsman to determine in the execution where he will actually lay the lines, but rather first carrying out precise planning even with respect to these elements and then compelling the execution of this planning through the provision of construction components according to the exact plan for the defined receiving of the multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines.
Although assembly takes place by hand, it is thus ensured that only slight tolerances will occur. In contrast to the state of the art, where as a result of unforeseen and unintended construction processes, errors and deviations from plans occur specifically at the transitions between different systems, the construction results can be unambiguously predicted with the present invention. This is achieved in that planning and assembly, i.e., the actual execution of the structure, are more closely joined together than has been usual in the past through the prefabrication of construction elements exactly according to the plan for selected areas.
Planning takes place in precisely such a manner that, at least in essential areas such as utility shafts, etc., the location of individual lines, connectors, switches, etc., is unambiguous. This is easily possible with the use of CAD/CAM systems, whereby even after appropriate implementation of planning regulations, ergonomic aspects or requirements of sound and thermal insulation can be automatically taken into consideration. Starting with these detailed plans in which, for example, the routes for the supply lines are defined along which the individual lines run parallel without mutual interference, components can be prepared for select areas according to plan for defined locating of the particular fixtures and supply lines.
It is not necessary according to the invention for the building to be completely prefabricated as in prefabricated houses; instead it is sufficient if basic components are prepared according to plan only for critical areas, so that fixtures and supply lines to be provided in the rough construction are brought precisely into the correct relative position, making the installation of the individual fixtures and supply lines by craftsmen more easy and less susceptible to errors. If in finishing the rough construction, the basic components prepared according to plan are installed in the selected areas, subsequently the fixtures and supply lines can be fastened in or on the initial components prepared for this purpose. The fixtures and supply lines can for this purpose even be partially prepared in a shop so that less tools are needed on site. At the same time, an activity is made possible for the craftsman in his shop even during periods of bad weather independent of the degree of completion of the rough construction. Thus, for example, it is possible to prefabricate electric supply lines from a central fuse box to different stories of a building which extend through a central utility shaft in the manner of a wiring harness known from automobile construction; this harness need only be laid in the construction parts prepared according to plan and then connected appropriately; in like manner in the area of plumbing, pipes, etc., including all elbows, and the like can be prepared in advance. This reduces the time required for assembly. Thanks to the exact planning according to the invention, there is no need to fear that the different fixtures and supply lines will interfere with each other.
The starting components prepared for selected areas according to plan for defined accommodation always ensure that at most only tolerances so slight as to be negligible will occur. If the entire rough construction is not prefabricated, the absolute location of fixtures and supply lines in the building will indeed not be determined with millimeter precision, but nevertheless their relative location to each other will be highly exact.
At the same time it is possible due to modern measuring methods to construct the rough construction itself adequately precisely so that the absolute location is determined with satisfactory precision.
The use of components prepared according to plan makes the construction results more predictable and more exact and at the same time makes any subsequent dismantling and recycling of the systems used easier. In the same way it is easily possible to retrofit an existing system without relatively great expense due to the existing plans and without the necessity of measuring the actual structure. In addition, the component can likewise be prepared as required. In total, the invention thus results in clear gains in time, cost, and quality.
Even if for prefabricating related to a one-of a-kind building, some areas must be planned with significantly more precision than is customary for normal architectural planning, which if possible will require a longer planning time; this excess expenditure will thus be more than offset.
It is preferred that the initial components be produced in standard sizes through processing of building materials. The use of standard sizes further reduces the cost of the structure. If locally available building materials are used for the initial components and such are prepared locally, i.e., at the construction site or only a small distance from it, transportation over long distances becomes unnecessary, which reduces the logistics expense, lowers costs, and in addition ensures more rapid replacement in the event of damage of a prepared component due to the shorter transportation times, if any.
It is preferred that as many fixtures and supply lines as possible be included in the planning and in particular that different fixtures and supply lines be taken into consideration so that no mutual interference will occur upon assembly of the fixtures and supply lines.
Preparation of the component according to plan preferably includes that the location openings, holes, etc., for the fixtures and supply lines be provided at the planned location of the component; the component thus represents to an extent a plan with a scale of 1:1 for the arrangement of the fixtures and supply lines.
It is preferred that the initial component be prepared as far as possible and in addition that assembly instructions be applied onto the component such as the position in the rough construction or the in the building to be subsequently finished.
This avoids confusion when a number of prepared initial components are handled at the construction site. It is preferred that the preparation according to plan take place locally, in particular directly at the location of the construction site so that the initial components are prepared according to plan practically upon request.
It is preferred that the initial components be produced in standard sizes through processing of building materials. The use of standard sizes further reduces the cost of the structure. If locally available building materials are used for the initial components and such are prepared locally, i.e., at the construction site or only a small distance from it, transportation over long distances becomes unnecessary, which reduces the logistics expense, lowers costs, and in addition ensures more rapid replacement in the event of damage of a prepared component due to the shorter transportation times, if any.
It is preferred that as many fixtures and supply lines as possible be included in the planning and in particular that different fixtures and supply lines be taken into consideration so that no mutual interference will occur upon assembly of the fixtures and supply lines.
Preparation of the component according to plan preferably includes that the location openings, holes, etc., for the fixtures and supply lines be provided at the planned location of the component; the component thus represents to an extent a plan with a scale of 1:1 for the arrangement of the fixtures and supply lines.
It is preferred that the initial component be prepared as far as possible and in addition that assembly instructions be applied onto the component such as the position in the rough construction or the in the building to be subsequently finished.
This avoids confusion when a number of prepared initial components are handled at the construction site. It is preferred that the preparation according to plan take place locally, in particular directly at the location of the construction site so that the initial components are prepared according to plan practically upon request.
As building material for the initial components, a basically flat material such as sheet metal is preferred. This material can be cut, stamped, drilled, provided with fold lines, and/or bent as required for preparation according to plan. The sheet metal can be coated, for example electrostatically with plastic powder. This increases the corrosion resistance, improves handling, and reduces the danger of injury on sharp edges. In addition, colored coatings can code the application purpose or the like.
In the event this does not take place locally at the construction site but rather locally in a sheet metal working operation and/or one of several processing centers suitable for this purpose, the lightweight unit so produced will have only a small transport volume if it is brought to the construction site flat or bent so as to still be stackable and there is brought to its final form, e.g., by hand.
In the case of installation in places subject to corrosion, e.g., bathroom units, or if the construction elements are formed integrally with a covering which is visible after completion, stainless steel and/or coated sheets are advantageously used.
In planning, ergonomic aspects with respect to size, ease of installation, and desired or legally required insulation measures can be automatically taken into consideration.
Conflict-&ee installation of the individual fixtures and supply lines is particularly facilitated in that for integration and coordination, routes are defined in the rough construction within which the fixtures and supply lines pass. Routes represent the reserved spaces for the fixtures and supply lines in corridor form. Preferably parts lists are prepared fizlly automatically as a basis for requesting bids and for preparation for installation.
Initial components are preferably prepared for areas in which different fixtures and supply lines are arranged close together. In so doing a route, for example, is defined only at a few places along a long, straight stretch and/or components are provided at places where the route is to be redirected in a different direction. Furthermore, it is preferred that components be provided for points where a transition is provided between the course of fixtures and supply lines planned according to the invention and conventionally constructed fixtures and supply lines; this makes it possible to reduce the planning effort at non-critical places without causing a deterioration of planning results.
It is possible to mount the components in the rough construction itself, in particular as permanent formwork. This eliminates subsequent installation and further reduces the cost of the construction.
It is possible for the components to be prepared according to plan for defined accommodation of the multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines at the construction site. For this purpose, a mobile machining center for building construction can be used.
The center is then brought to the construction and relevant building data are transferred such as with diskettes or directly through a data line from the planning office. In the machining center, there is a numerically controlled machine which machines the initial components according to the requirements. For basically flat materials such as sheet metal, wood, tiles, 1 S insulating panels, laminated panels, etc., the numerically control machine preferably is provided with a water cutting head. With it, three-dimensional structures up to a thickness of, for example, 15 cm can be produced in lightweight concrete.
The prefabricated building component according to the invention for defined accommodation of the multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines is preferably self supporting so that it does not have to be braced following installation but rather can even easily bear the load of the fixtures and supply lines such as, for example, all built-in plumbing components such as pipes, clamps, flush tanks, etc. On the other hand it can be provided that mounted components such as vanities and the like are fastened to supplementary consoles so that design of the prefabricated components for very great loads is not mandatory. A first component according to the invention is composed of a basically flat material such as sheet metal which is provided with cut, stamped, or bending lines or openings; a second construction element is composed of lightweight concrete.
Naturally it is not required that only self supporting prefabricated construction elements of one type be used in a building, but rather different types can be combined as necessary.
Although each prefabricated part per se is an original, it is obvious that for a structure such as in a series of row houses or on stories of a high rise which are identical as such, the same prefabrications can certainly be repeated.
The invention is described below only by way of example using the drawings, which show the following:
Figure 1: The planned course of fixtures and supply lines in a house and the planned location of a window relative thereto;
1 S Figure 2: The prefabricated building construction elements necessary for the arrangement of the planned fixtures and supply lines in their position relative to each other;
Figure 3: A mobile machining center for the production of construction elements prefabricated according to plan from standard building materials;
Figure 4: The arrangement of installed pipes in the standard components;
Figure 5: A second example of a multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines planned for a building;
Figure 6: A section therefrom in greater detail;
Figure 7: A substantially flat building element for defined accommodation of a multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines;
_g_ Figure 8: The construction element from Figure 7 in installation-ready condition;
Figure 9: The arrangements according to the invention of fixtures and supply lines in the routes defined by construction elements prepared for this purpose according to plan;
Figure 10: A detailed view of Figure 9;
Figures 11-13: The construction element used in Figure 10 in different stages before installation;
Figures 14-15: Another exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention.
According to Figure 1, a multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines 2, which are depicted here as lines 2a through 2j, are provided in a plan 1 for a building.
According to Figure 1, the lines 2 can pass through different planes; for example, lines 2a through 2e pass through a first plane and lines 2f through 2j pass through a second plane. Connector links 3 can be provided between the lines of different planes as required.
In the case of configuration of the lines as pipes, valves can be provided in the lines and in the case of configuration as electrical lines, outlets, switches, etc. can be provided as suggested in 4 and the lines can be provided with coating and/or fastening means 5.
Connector links 3 and valves or outlets and switches 4 also represent fixtures and supply lines for purposes of the invention. In addition, windows, doors, stairs, and the like for the building are also included as fixtures and supply lines for purposes of the description since in particular they supply rooms with light and/or accessibility.
Figure 2 shows walls 6a, 6b, on which or in which fixtures and supply lines 2 from Figure 1 are provided. The planned fixtures and supply lines of one plane, here the plane defined by lines 2a through 2e, run within a room; for this purpose recesses 7a through 7f are provided. The lines of the other plane are accessible from the adjoining room as is suggested by recesses 7f through 7j. The individual walls are constructed from a multiplicity of individual prefabricated construction components 9 which have recesses 7 and penetrating holes 8 for the fixtures and supply lines. Construction element 9 is composed of material which is locally available. This can specifically be the case for blocks of lightweight concrete which are of such a size that no sheathing is required.
For processing construction element 9, a machining center is provided according to Figure 3 with a CNC machine 11 which comprises a computer unit 12 with a data input device 13 for inputting of the planed building data, as well as one or several machining elements 14. Preferably the machining center for machining the initial components is mobile and is used directly at the location of the construction site.
For the construction of a building, the building including the detail routes of fixtures and supply lines 2 to be determined with consideration of the required insulation, etc., is first planned. Then the planned data is fed into the numerically controlled prefabricating machine which prepares initial building material 10 for the defined accommodation of the fixtures and supply lines 2 using the data. The CNC
machine provides in the initial components, i.e., the standard construction elements, the required holes, depressions, recesses, etc. so that the necessary construction elements prepared according to plan for the accommodation of fixtures and supply lines is obtain a$er machining as construction elements 9.
Prepared construction elements 9 obtained in such manner are used as required.
If an individual construction element 9 is destroyed or damaged during installation, such as through inattention, a new one can be produced with the exact same dimensions without delay on the basis of the existing building data.
After construction of the rough structure using construction elements 9 prepared according to plan, fixtures and supply lines 2 are installed in the places prepared for such purpose; compare Figure 4.
A building in which the fixtures and supply lines are installed in defined manner in this way does not have to be remeasured after construction to provide exact data for the documentation and for building management.
If desired, the complete rough construction is completed on one hand from standard construction elements which are prepared according to plan and on the other hand from those which are not handled. The solid blocks prepared according the invention are thus buttressed with standard building blocks. Otherwise only partial areas are built up in this manner while the other areas of the building, in particular those in which no fixtures and supply lines must be precisely laid, are conventionally constructed.
Figure 5 shows a further example of how construction elements for selected areas are prepared according to plan for defined accommodation of fixtures and supply lines, with lightweight building blocks fabricated from basically flat basic building material being used.
According to Figure 5, by way of example the house service connection 15, the installation guide 16 on ceiling, wall, and floor, the installation shaft 17 with channels and covers, the recess on ceilings and wall breakthroughs 18 formed as permanent formwork, an installation wall 19, a wall installation 20, and a connection and an installation guide for the heating and/or solar system 21 are defined as fixtures and supply lines 2 in the roof with lines to be passed through a roof skin via initial components prepared according to plan.
Figure 6 shows a section from Figure 5 in which a bathroom unit with a bathtub 22, a lavatory 23, a shower base 24, and two sinks 24' are provided on a wall with integrated shaft 17 and a wall installation 20. These fixtures and/or supply lines are preplanned with respect to their location and are connected through supply lines which are precisely fixed with respect to their position through construction elements 9 prepared according to plan and which lead to the particular supply routes 25 in an installation shaft 17.
The ceiling passthrough is coordinated in the area of the installation shaft with a construction element 17a as permanent formwork.
Construction elements 9 are formed from a basically flat building material, in particular sheet mental, advantageously stainless steel and/or coated sheet metal for the bath area.
Figure 7 shows an example of a construction element 9 which is formed from a basically flat building material through provision of bending lines 26 and knockout openings 27; for reasons of clarity, not all bending lines and knockout openings are numbered. In addition, a label 28 is provided.
For fabrication of the lightweight construction element 9, building plans are prepared using a CAD/CAM system with precise establishment of the fixtures and/or supply lines including all necessary lines. The building data relevant to the installation area is then transferred to a CNC machine which stamps, cuts, and labels the sheet metal in known manner, whereby it receives all openings, holes, fastenings, labels, and bending edges. This preferably takes place directly at the construction site in a mobile machining center as in Figure 3 or in a nearby sheet-metal-working operation.
The construction part can be bent by machine into a form which preferably can be stacked or is brought to the installation location still flat and there is folded up by hand. If connecting tabs 29 are provided between areas 30, 31 arranged at angles to each other for bracing, the tabs being formed as one piece with the material through a bending line on one side, they are attached following the folding up, by such means as interlocking, rivetting, or, as suggested in 32, by fastening with screws. The finished, self supporting lightweight building block, compare Figure 8, is thus particularly stable.
It is installed at the planned location and is ready for accommodation of the fixtures and/or supply lines. During assembly, the lightweight building blocks compel a precisely defined position of the fixtures and/or supply lines and thus ensure execution of the building and/or interior finishing in accordance with the plan.
Figure 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the coordinated wiring of supply lines, i.e., fixtures and/or supply lines of the present invention, within a double floor of an office building is achieved with the aid of components prepared according to plan, with initial components in turn providing defined accommodation of the multiplicity of fixtures and/or supply lines and at the same time representing an installation aid. This installation aid preferably assumes the relative dimensions and the general design conditions of the double floor. As shown, supply lines 2' pass within the double floor in routes which are defined by components 9 provided for this purpose.
Figure 10 shows in greater detail the arrangement of a construction element 9 according to the invention relative to the lines 2 and a fixture and/or supply line 2, which can be, for example, a convection heater.
According to Figure 11, construction element 9 of Figure 10 is prepared in a local or regional machining center from sheet metal through cutting and/or stamping and provision of bending lines 33 and 34 as well as through the drilling of holes for fastening 35 and recesses 36 for accommodation of conventional installation straps or the like. It is bent by machine along bending line 34 into the shape shown in Figure 12 and is brought to the construction site.
At the location of the construction site, it is brought into its three-dimensional form around bending line 33 (Figure 13) and is mounted at the fastening points provided.
Preferably the construction element, which thus at the same time represents a three-dimensional realization of the building plan, is labelled sufficiently comprehensively (not depicted) that the installer will readily recognize the intended position in the building, such as relative to a double floor register, which provides assurance against wrong arrangements.
Following installation of construction element 9, supply lines 2, preferably prefabricated in a shop, can, as shown in Figure 10, be mounted with installation straps 36 or the like and a supply unit can be mounted at the end points of supply line 2, which are thus precisely established, immediately and without extensive adaptation.
Figures 14 and 1 S a through c show a component for a permanent formwork, such as the ceiling passthrough 17a or installation shaft 17 (Figure 6).
The invention was described above only by way of example.
Thus various numerically controlled processing systems can be used such as milling or water cutting systems; in place of. porous concrete blocks, other building materials can also be used for the solid building blocks and the prepared building components do not to be utilized only after completion of the rough construction.
Using the construction elements prepared according to plan, in particular permanent formworks for coordinated ceiling and wall, passthroughs can be created such as in stairwell openings or for installation shafts.
The sheet metal used for the construction elements 9 in the formation as lightweight building blocks can be folded into their three-dimensional shape while still in the workshop.
Although all recesses, etc. for fixtures and/or supply lines are advantageously provided in one component, it is possible to provide still other fixtures and/or supply lines at initial components prepared according to plan, for example if a row house community is to be constructed with uniform basic fixtures and the buyer of one individual house subsequently desires special installations. Also recesses for future equipment can be provided in advance so that additional fixtures andlor supply lines such as additional telephone lines, antenna cable, sewerage lines, etc. can be installed without problems and without installation costs being already incurred at the time of construction.
Retrofitting is especially simplified if covers are mounted on installation shafts such as cover 17c in Figure 5.
In addition, despite detailed planning, fixtures and supply lines can in part still be laid conventionally.
The invention can be used for all types of buildings, but is preferred for installation-intensive buildings in which a multiplicity of different fixtures and supply lines must be provided such as office buildings, schools, universities, clinics, laboratories, and ultraclean rooms.
In the event this does not take place locally at the construction site but rather locally in a sheet metal working operation and/or one of several processing centers suitable for this purpose, the lightweight unit so produced will have only a small transport volume if it is brought to the construction site flat or bent so as to still be stackable and there is brought to its final form, e.g., by hand.
In the case of installation in places subject to corrosion, e.g., bathroom units, or if the construction elements are formed integrally with a covering which is visible after completion, stainless steel and/or coated sheets are advantageously used.
In planning, ergonomic aspects with respect to size, ease of installation, and desired or legally required insulation measures can be automatically taken into consideration.
Conflict-&ee installation of the individual fixtures and supply lines is particularly facilitated in that for integration and coordination, routes are defined in the rough construction within which the fixtures and supply lines pass. Routes represent the reserved spaces for the fixtures and supply lines in corridor form. Preferably parts lists are prepared fizlly automatically as a basis for requesting bids and for preparation for installation.
Initial components are preferably prepared for areas in which different fixtures and supply lines are arranged close together. In so doing a route, for example, is defined only at a few places along a long, straight stretch and/or components are provided at places where the route is to be redirected in a different direction. Furthermore, it is preferred that components be provided for points where a transition is provided between the course of fixtures and supply lines planned according to the invention and conventionally constructed fixtures and supply lines; this makes it possible to reduce the planning effort at non-critical places without causing a deterioration of planning results.
It is possible to mount the components in the rough construction itself, in particular as permanent formwork. This eliminates subsequent installation and further reduces the cost of the construction.
It is possible for the components to be prepared according to plan for defined accommodation of the multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines at the construction site. For this purpose, a mobile machining center for building construction can be used.
The center is then brought to the construction and relevant building data are transferred such as with diskettes or directly through a data line from the planning office. In the machining center, there is a numerically controlled machine which machines the initial components according to the requirements. For basically flat materials such as sheet metal, wood, tiles, 1 S insulating panels, laminated panels, etc., the numerically control machine preferably is provided with a water cutting head. With it, three-dimensional structures up to a thickness of, for example, 15 cm can be produced in lightweight concrete.
The prefabricated building component according to the invention for defined accommodation of the multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines is preferably self supporting so that it does not have to be braced following installation but rather can even easily bear the load of the fixtures and supply lines such as, for example, all built-in plumbing components such as pipes, clamps, flush tanks, etc. On the other hand it can be provided that mounted components such as vanities and the like are fastened to supplementary consoles so that design of the prefabricated components for very great loads is not mandatory. A first component according to the invention is composed of a basically flat material such as sheet metal which is provided with cut, stamped, or bending lines or openings; a second construction element is composed of lightweight concrete.
Naturally it is not required that only self supporting prefabricated construction elements of one type be used in a building, but rather different types can be combined as necessary.
Although each prefabricated part per se is an original, it is obvious that for a structure such as in a series of row houses or on stories of a high rise which are identical as such, the same prefabrications can certainly be repeated.
The invention is described below only by way of example using the drawings, which show the following:
Figure 1: The planned course of fixtures and supply lines in a house and the planned location of a window relative thereto;
1 S Figure 2: The prefabricated building construction elements necessary for the arrangement of the planned fixtures and supply lines in their position relative to each other;
Figure 3: A mobile machining center for the production of construction elements prefabricated according to plan from standard building materials;
Figure 4: The arrangement of installed pipes in the standard components;
Figure 5: A second example of a multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines planned for a building;
Figure 6: A section therefrom in greater detail;
Figure 7: A substantially flat building element for defined accommodation of a multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines;
_g_ Figure 8: The construction element from Figure 7 in installation-ready condition;
Figure 9: The arrangements according to the invention of fixtures and supply lines in the routes defined by construction elements prepared for this purpose according to plan;
Figure 10: A detailed view of Figure 9;
Figures 11-13: The construction element used in Figure 10 in different stages before installation;
Figures 14-15: Another exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention.
According to Figure 1, a multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines 2, which are depicted here as lines 2a through 2j, are provided in a plan 1 for a building.
According to Figure 1, the lines 2 can pass through different planes; for example, lines 2a through 2e pass through a first plane and lines 2f through 2j pass through a second plane. Connector links 3 can be provided between the lines of different planes as required.
In the case of configuration of the lines as pipes, valves can be provided in the lines and in the case of configuration as electrical lines, outlets, switches, etc. can be provided as suggested in 4 and the lines can be provided with coating and/or fastening means 5.
Connector links 3 and valves or outlets and switches 4 also represent fixtures and supply lines for purposes of the invention. In addition, windows, doors, stairs, and the like for the building are also included as fixtures and supply lines for purposes of the description since in particular they supply rooms with light and/or accessibility.
Figure 2 shows walls 6a, 6b, on which or in which fixtures and supply lines 2 from Figure 1 are provided. The planned fixtures and supply lines of one plane, here the plane defined by lines 2a through 2e, run within a room; for this purpose recesses 7a through 7f are provided. The lines of the other plane are accessible from the adjoining room as is suggested by recesses 7f through 7j. The individual walls are constructed from a multiplicity of individual prefabricated construction components 9 which have recesses 7 and penetrating holes 8 for the fixtures and supply lines. Construction element 9 is composed of material which is locally available. This can specifically be the case for blocks of lightweight concrete which are of such a size that no sheathing is required.
For processing construction element 9, a machining center is provided according to Figure 3 with a CNC machine 11 which comprises a computer unit 12 with a data input device 13 for inputting of the planed building data, as well as one or several machining elements 14. Preferably the machining center for machining the initial components is mobile and is used directly at the location of the construction site.
For the construction of a building, the building including the detail routes of fixtures and supply lines 2 to be determined with consideration of the required insulation, etc., is first planned. Then the planned data is fed into the numerically controlled prefabricating machine which prepares initial building material 10 for the defined accommodation of the fixtures and supply lines 2 using the data. The CNC
machine provides in the initial components, i.e., the standard construction elements, the required holes, depressions, recesses, etc. so that the necessary construction elements prepared according to plan for the accommodation of fixtures and supply lines is obtain a$er machining as construction elements 9.
Prepared construction elements 9 obtained in such manner are used as required.
If an individual construction element 9 is destroyed or damaged during installation, such as through inattention, a new one can be produced with the exact same dimensions without delay on the basis of the existing building data.
After construction of the rough structure using construction elements 9 prepared according to plan, fixtures and supply lines 2 are installed in the places prepared for such purpose; compare Figure 4.
A building in which the fixtures and supply lines are installed in defined manner in this way does not have to be remeasured after construction to provide exact data for the documentation and for building management.
If desired, the complete rough construction is completed on one hand from standard construction elements which are prepared according to plan and on the other hand from those which are not handled. The solid blocks prepared according the invention are thus buttressed with standard building blocks. Otherwise only partial areas are built up in this manner while the other areas of the building, in particular those in which no fixtures and supply lines must be precisely laid, are conventionally constructed.
Figure 5 shows a further example of how construction elements for selected areas are prepared according to plan for defined accommodation of fixtures and supply lines, with lightweight building blocks fabricated from basically flat basic building material being used.
According to Figure 5, by way of example the house service connection 15, the installation guide 16 on ceiling, wall, and floor, the installation shaft 17 with channels and covers, the recess on ceilings and wall breakthroughs 18 formed as permanent formwork, an installation wall 19, a wall installation 20, and a connection and an installation guide for the heating and/or solar system 21 are defined as fixtures and supply lines 2 in the roof with lines to be passed through a roof skin via initial components prepared according to plan.
Figure 6 shows a section from Figure 5 in which a bathroom unit with a bathtub 22, a lavatory 23, a shower base 24, and two sinks 24' are provided on a wall with integrated shaft 17 and a wall installation 20. These fixtures and/or supply lines are preplanned with respect to their location and are connected through supply lines which are precisely fixed with respect to their position through construction elements 9 prepared according to plan and which lead to the particular supply routes 25 in an installation shaft 17.
The ceiling passthrough is coordinated in the area of the installation shaft with a construction element 17a as permanent formwork.
Construction elements 9 are formed from a basically flat building material, in particular sheet mental, advantageously stainless steel and/or coated sheet metal for the bath area.
Figure 7 shows an example of a construction element 9 which is formed from a basically flat building material through provision of bending lines 26 and knockout openings 27; for reasons of clarity, not all bending lines and knockout openings are numbered. In addition, a label 28 is provided.
For fabrication of the lightweight construction element 9, building plans are prepared using a CAD/CAM system with precise establishment of the fixtures and/or supply lines including all necessary lines. The building data relevant to the installation area is then transferred to a CNC machine which stamps, cuts, and labels the sheet metal in known manner, whereby it receives all openings, holes, fastenings, labels, and bending edges. This preferably takes place directly at the construction site in a mobile machining center as in Figure 3 or in a nearby sheet-metal-working operation.
The construction part can be bent by machine into a form which preferably can be stacked or is brought to the installation location still flat and there is folded up by hand. If connecting tabs 29 are provided between areas 30, 31 arranged at angles to each other for bracing, the tabs being formed as one piece with the material through a bending line on one side, they are attached following the folding up, by such means as interlocking, rivetting, or, as suggested in 32, by fastening with screws. The finished, self supporting lightweight building block, compare Figure 8, is thus particularly stable.
It is installed at the planned location and is ready for accommodation of the fixtures and/or supply lines. During assembly, the lightweight building blocks compel a precisely defined position of the fixtures and/or supply lines and thus ensure execution of the building and/or interior finishing in accordance with the plan.
Figure 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the coordinated wiring of supply lines, i.e., fixtures and/or supply lines of the present invention, within a double floor of an office building is achieved with the aid of components prepared according to plan, with initial components in turn providing defined accommodation of the multiplicity of fixtures and/or supply lines and at the same time representing an installation aid. This installation aid preferably assumes the relative dimensions and the general design conditions of the double floor. As shown, supply lines 2' pass within the double floor in routes which are defined by components 9 provided for this purpose.
Figure 10 shows in greater detail the arrangement of a construction element 9 according to the invention relative to the lines 2 and a fixture and/or supply line 2, which can be, for example, a convection heater.
According to Figure 11, construction element 9 of Figure 10 is prepared in a local or regional machining center from sheet metal through cutting and/or stamping and provision of bending lines 33 and 34 as well as through the drilling of holes for fastening 35 and recesses 36 for accommodation of conventional installation straps or the like. It is bent by machine along bending line 34 into the shape shown in Figure 12 and is brought to the construction site.
At the location of the construction site, it is brought into its three-dimensional form around bending line 33 (Figure 13) and is mounted at the fastening points provided.
Preferably the construction element, which thus at the same time represents a three-dimensional realization of the building plan, is labelled sufficiently comprehensively (not depicted) that the installer will readily recognize the intended position in the building, such as relative to a double floor register, which provides assurance against wrong arrangements.
Following installation of construction element 9, supply lines 2, preferably prefabricated in a shop, can, as shown in Figure 10, be mounted with installation straps 36 or the like and a supply unit can be mounted at the end points of supply line 2, which are thus precisely established, immediately and without extensive adaptation.
Figures 14 and 1 S a through c show a component for a permanent formwork, such as the ceiling passthrough 17a or installation shaft 17 (Figure 6).
The invention was described above only by way of example.
Thus various numerically controlled processing systems can be used such as milling or water cutting systems; in place of. porous concrete blocks, other building materials can also be used for the solid building blocks and the prepared building components do not to be utilized only after completion of the rough construction.
Using the construction elements prepared according to plan, in particular permanent formworks for coordinated ceiling and wall, passthroughs can be created such as in stairwell openings or for installation shafts.
The sheet metal used for the construction elements 9 in the formation as lightweight building blocks can be folded into their three-dimensional shape while still in the workshop.
Although all recesses, etc. for fixtures and/or supply lines are advantageously provided in one component, it is possible to provide still other fixtures and/or supply lines at initial components prepared according to plan, for example if a row house community is to be constructed with uniform basic fixtures and the buyer of one individual house subsequently desires special installations. Also recesses for future equipment can be provided in advance so that additional fixtures andlor supply lines such as additional telephone lines, antenna cable, sewerage lines, etc. can be installed without problems and without installation costs being already incurred at the time of construction.
Retrofitting is especially simplified if covers are mounted on installation shafts such as cover 17c in Figure 5.
In addition, despite detailed planning, fixtures and supply lines can in part still be laid conventionally.
The invention can be used for all types of buildings, but is preferred for installation-intensive buildings in which a multiplicity of different fixtures and supply lines must be provided such as office buildings, schools, universities, clinics, laboratories, and ultraclean rooms.
Claims (8)
1. Construction method, wherein a building with a multiplicity of different fixtures and supply lines from at least two of the groups sanitary facilities, in particular showers, sinks, lavatories and bath tubs, flush tanks and/or the group heating, in particular solar systems, heating boilers and/or the group electrical installations, in particular switches, lighting, wall outlets and/or the group air conditioning and ventilation systems, including ventilation openings and/or house connection including in each case lines is planned with coding of the plan using a CAD/CAM system to a degree of precision such that at least in essential areas the location of the individual different fixtures and supply lines of the building is specified clearly and planned in a coordinated manner, wherein at least for selected areas, in particular areas of the building in which different fixtures and supply lines are arranged close together such as supply shafts, etc., the processing of building materials in standard sizes using a numerically controlled machine on the basis of the coding, wherein the building elements prepared thus according to plan are installed as the realization of the plan in a scale of 1:1, following folding and the like if appropriate, in the rough construction in particular as permanent formwork and wherein fixtures and supply lines are installed in precisely constrained position in these building components prepared in such manner for accommodating the multiplicity of different fixtures and supply lines.
2. Construction method according to the preceding claim characterized in that the processing of building materials using a numerically controlled machine includes that at least a portion and preferably all of the necessary openings and/or fastening points for the fixtures and supply lines are provided in the essential area and preferable also installation instructions at and/or in the initial component.
3. Construction method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the processing of the building materials in standard sizes takes place locally, in particular at the building site.
4. Construction method according to one of the preceding claims wherein a basically flat material, in particular sheet metal, in particular stainless steel sheet, is used as the building material and the processing includes the sheet material being cut, stamped, drilled, provided with bending lines, and coated as needed, whereby the flat raw material preferably is brought to the construction site flat or mechanically in a form which can still be stacked and there is bent or folded, in particular by hand, into its final three-dimensional shape.
5. Construction method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the planning of the multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines includes that preferably particularly with automatic consideration of ergonomic aspects with respect to size and ease of installation of the fixtures and supply lines and/or necessary sound proofing and/or thermal insulation measures and/or preferably oriented and adapted to the geometry to the dimensions of the rough construction and to other build-out components, in particular interior walls, double floors, installation systems, insulation batting, pipe coatings, and the like for the facilitation of conflict-free installation of the individual fixtures and supply lines through integration and to the extent possible coordination of routes for the different fixtures and supply lines in particular with sufficient precision for realization in the scale 1:1 are planned and preferably parts lists, in particular complete parts lists of the necessary fixtures and supply lines are prepared.
6. Construction method according to one of the preceding claims wherein such areas are selected in which different items of the multiplicity of fixtures and supply lines are situated close together and/or at which a transition point is planned and conventionally installed fixtures and supply lines are present.
7. Building construction element for carrying out a construction method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it is formed using a numerically controlled machine on the basis of the coding of the building plan from a basically flat building material, preferably coated sheet metal, in particular stainless steel sheet metal, with at least one cutting, stamping, or bending line and/or an opening, so as to be self supporting and which can be used preferably as permanent formwork and/or with a removable sheet metal covering.
8. Building construction element for carrying out a construction method according to one of the preceding method claims characterized in that it is fabricated from preferably unreinforced lightweight concrete as a processed lightweight concrete element using a numerically controlled machine on the basis of the coding of the plan.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19701726A DE19701726A1 (en) | 1997-01-20 | 1997-01-20 | System for the individual and decentralized prefabrication of key elements of the building construction |
| DE19701726.6 | 1997-01-20 | ||
| PCT/DE1998/000154 WO1998031885A1 (en) | 1997-01-20 | 1998-01-20 | Construction method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2278210A1 true CA2278210A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
Family
ID=7817782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002278210A Abandoned CA2278210A1 (en) | 1997-01-20 | 1998-01-20 | Construction method |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0953084B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE245739T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2278210A1 (en) |
| DE (3) | DE19701726A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998031885A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7324911B2 (en) | 2004-06-29 | 2008-01-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Method of planning, installing, and verifying a set of electrical cables in a building |
| US7366630B2 (en) | 2004-06-29 | 2008-04-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Management of electrical cable installations in a building |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009056333A1 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-09 | Torben Hansen | Method for implementation of wall cupboard of building shell of office building, involves assembling interior work by position-oriented assembly of structure element within building shell and position-oriented positioning of wall elements |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH620486A5 (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1980-11-28 | Sottile Antonino & F Lli Campo | Process for producing partition walls containing various conduits, and partition walls obtained by this process |
| DE2809135C2 (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1982-04-22 | Fa. Pauli U. Menden, 5342 Rheinbreitbach | Device for assembling the inlet and outlet for a wall-mounted toilet |
| US4847778A (en) * | 1987-09-01 | 1989-07-11 | Daley Nile W | Computerized sheet metal layout system |
| US5307282A (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1994-04-26 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method of computer-aided prediction of collisions between objects including fabrication tools and parts to be fabricated |
| US5227983A (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 1993-07-13 | First Graphics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for designing a distribution system for a building |
| WO1996015902A2 (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1996-05-30 | Kuehner Michael | Process and folding blanks for the production of folded cartons |
-
1997
- 1997-01-20 DE DE19701726A patent/DE19701726A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-01-20 CA CA002278210A patent/CA2278210A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-20 DE DE19880048T patent/DE19880048D2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-20 WO PCT/DE1998/000154 patent/WO1998031885A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-20 EP EP98907823A patent/EP0953084B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-20 AT AT98907823T patent/ATE245739T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-20 DE DE59809081T patent/DE59809081D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7324911B2 (en) | 2004-06-29 | 2008-01-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Method of planning, installing, and verifying a set of electrical cables in a building |
| US7366630B2 (en) | 2004-06-29 | 2008-04-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Management of electrical cable installations in a building |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE245739T1 (en) | 2003-08-15 |
| WO1998031885A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
| EP0953084B1 (en) | 2003-07-23 |
| DE19880048D2 (en) | 2000-02-10 |
| EP0953084A1 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
| DE19701726A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
| DE59809081D1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20050120 |