CA2277273C - Integrin antagonists - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to certain novel compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as vitronectin receptor antagonists. The vitronectin receptor antagonist compounds of the present invention are .alpha.v.beta.3 antagonists, .alpha.v.beta.5 antagonists or dual .alpha.v.beta.3/.alpha.v.beta.5 antagonists useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, and tumor growth.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
INTEGRIN ANTAGONISTS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as vitronectin receptor ligands. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are avP3 antagonists, avP5 antagonists or dual av(33/ av(35 antagonists useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, and tumor growth.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to compounds for inhibiting bone resorption that is mediated by the action of a class of cells known as osteoclasts.
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells of up to 400 m in diameter that resorb mineralized tissue, chiefly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, in vertebrates. They are actively motile cells that migrate along the surface of bone. They can bind to bone, secrete necessary acids and proteases and thereby.cause the actual resorption of mineralized tissue from the bone.
More specifically, osteoclasts are believed to exist in at least two physiological states. In the secretory state, osteoclasts are flat, attach to the bone matrix via a tight attachment zone (sealing zone), become highly polarized, form a ruffled border, and secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons to resorb bone. The adhesion of osteoclasts to bone surfaces is an important initial step in bone resorption. In the migratory or motile state, the osteoclasts migrate across bone matrix and do not take part in resorption until they attach again to bone.

Integrins are transmembrane, heterodimeric, glycoproteins which interact with extracellular matrix and are involved in osteoclast attachment, activation and migration. The most abundant integrin in osteoclasts (rat, chicken, mouse and human) is the vitronectin receptor, or av(33, thought to interact in bone with matrix proteins that contain the RGD sequence. Antibodies to av(33 block bone resorption in vitro indicating that this integrin plays a key role in the resorptive process. There is increasing evidence to suggest that av(33 ligands can be used effectively to inhibit osteoclast mediated bone resoption in vivo in mammals.
The current major bone diseases of public concern are osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, periodontal disease, hyperparathyroidism, periarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, immobilization-induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid treatment.
All these conditions are characterized by bone loss, resulting from an imbalance between bone resorption (breakdown) and bone formation, which continues throughout life at the rate of about 14%
per year on the average. However, the rate of bone turnover differs from site to site, for example, it is higher in the trabecular bone of the vertebrae and the alveolar bone in the jaws than in the cortices of the long bones. The potential for bone loss is directly related to turnover and can amount to over 5% per year in vertebrae immediately following menopause, a condition which leads to increased fracture risk.
There are currently 20 million people with detectable fractures of the vertebrae due to osteoporosis in the United States. In addition, there are 250,000 hip fractures per year attributed to osteoporosis. This clinical situation is associated with a 12% mortality rate within the first two years, while 30% of the patients require nursing home care after the fracture.
Individuals suffering from all the conditions listed above would benefit from treatment with agents which inhibit bone resorption.
Additionally, av(i3 ligands have been found to be useful in treating and/or inhibiting restenosis (recurrence of stenosis after corrective surgery on the heart valve), atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), and inhibiting viral disease. Moreover, it has been postulated that the growth of tumors depends on an adequate blood supply, which in turn is dependent on the growth of new vessels into the tumor; thus, inhibition of angiogenesis can cause tumor regression in animal models. (See, Harrison's Princinles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed., 1991). avP3 antagonists, which inhibit angiogenesis, are therefore useful in the treatment of cancer for inhibiting tumor growth. (See e.g., Brooks et al., Cell, 79:1157-1164 (1994)).
Moreover, compounds of this invention can also inhibit neovascularization by acting as antagonists of the integrin receptor av(35. A monoclonal antibody for av(35 has been shown to inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in rabbit cornea and the chick chorioallantoic membrane model; M.C. Friedlander, et.al., Science 270, 1500-1502, 1995.
Thus, compounds that antagonize avP5 are useful for treating and preventing macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and tumor growth.
In addition, certain compounds of this invention antagonize both the av(33 and av(35 receptors. These compounds, referred to as "dual av(33/av(35 antagonists," are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation and tumor growth.
It is an object of the present invention to identify compounds which bind to the av(33 receptor, av(35 receptor or both the av(33 and av(35 receptors.
It is a further object of the invention to identify compounds which act as antagonists of the av(33 receptor. It is another object of the invention to identify avP3 antagonist compounds which are useful agents for inhibiting: bone resorption mediated by osteoclast cells, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and angiogenesis in animals, preferably mammals, especially humans. Still another object of the invention is to identify av(33 antagonists which cause tumor regression and/or inhibit tumor growth in animals.

A further object of the invention is to identify av(33 antagonists useful for preventing or treating osteoporosis. An additional object of the invention is to identify av(33 antagonists useful for treating cancer.
It has now been found that the compounds of the present invention, av(33 ligands, are useful for inhibiting bone resorption in mammals. Thus, the compounds of the present invention are useful for preventing or reducing the incidence of osteoporosis. Additionally, the avP3 ligands of the present invention are also useful for treating and/or inhibiting restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, viral disease, atherosclerosis and/or angiogenesis in mammals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides av(33 antagonist compounds of the formula X-Y-Z-Aryl-A-B
wherein:
Aryl is a 6-membered aromatic ring containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms and either unsubstituted or substituted with R8 and R9;

X is selected from NR2 NR' NR2 ~~ tNR2R3, -NR1 R2, NR1R3, -NR1-C-NR3R4, 11 25 -aryl-NR1R2, -aryI-C-NR2R3, -aryl-NR1- C-NR3R' a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system containing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 or S wherein the 5- or 6-membered ring system is either WO 98/31359 PCTlUS98/00617 unsubstituted or substituted with R1, R2, R3 and R4, or a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system contains 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 or S, and wherein the polycyclic ring system is either unsubstituted or substituted with Rl, R2, R3 and R4 ;

Y is selected from CO-g alkylene, C3-10 cycloalkyl, CO-g alkylene-NR10-CO-CO-8 alkylene, CO-8 alkylene-CONR10-CO-8 alkylene, CO-g alkylene-O-CO-g alkylene, CO-g alkylene-NR10-Cp-8 alkylene, CO-g alkylene-S(O)0-2-CO-8 alkylene, CO-g alkylene-S02-NR10-CO-8 alkylene, CO-g alkylene-NR10-S02-CO-8 alkylene, CO-8 alkylene-CO-CO-g alkylene, (CH2)0-6 aryl(CH2)0-6, (CH2)0-6 aryl-CO-(CH2)0-6, (CH2)0-6 aryl-C0-NR10-(CH2)0-6, (CH2)0-6 ary1NR10C0(CH2)0-6, or OR' I
(CHz)o-sCH (CH2)o-a=
, Z and A are each independently selected from O
(CH2)m, (CH2)mO(CH2)m (CH2)mNR11(CH2)n,(CH2)mNR111CNR12(CH2)n (CH2)mCNR (CH2)n,(CH2)mNR C(CH2)n,(CH2)m~(CH2)n, S
(CH2J(CH2)n, (CH2)mSO2(CH2)n, (CH2)mS(CH2)n, (CH2)mSO(CH2)n, (CH2)mSO2NR11(CH2)n, (CH2)mNR11SO2(CH2)n, (CH2)mCR11=CR12(CH2)n, or (CH2)mC=C- (CH2)n, where m and n are each independently an integer from 0 to 6;
B is O

C_R1s R6 R~
p where p is an integer from 1 to 3;

R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8, Rg, R10, R,11 and R12 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-10 alkyl, aryl CO-8 alkyl, amino CO-8 alkyl, C1_3 acylamino CO-8 alkyl, C1-6 alkylamino CO-8 alkyl, r- T

C1-6 dialkylamino Cp-g alkyl, aryl CO-6 alkylamino CO-6 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyamino Cp-8 alkyl, hydroxy C 1-6 alkylamino CO-8 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy CO-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl C0-6 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl C0-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl C0-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy C1-6 alkylamino CO-6 alkyl or hydroxy CO-6 alkyl;
R6 is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, C 1-g alkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxy C 1-6 alkyl, carboxy CO-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl CO-6 alkylcarbonyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, aryl CO-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1-6 alkylaminocarbonyloxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl CO-6 alkyl, CO-6 alkylamino CO-6 alkyl, CO-6 dialkylamino CO-6 alkyl, C 1_g alkylsulfonylamino C0-6 alkyl, aryl CO-6 alkylsulfonylamino CO-6 alkyl, C1-8 alkyloxycarbonylamino C0-8 alkyl, aryl CO-8 alkyloxycarbonylamino Cp-g alkyl, Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino C0-6 alkyl, aryl C0-6 alkylcarbonylamino C0-6 alkyl, Cp-g alkylaminocarbonylamino CO-6 alkyl, aryl C0-8 alkylaminocarbonylamino Cp-6 alkyl, C0-8 alkylaminosulfonylamino C0-6 alkyl, aryl C0-8 alkylaminosulfonylamino Cp-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylsulfonyl Cp-6 alkyl, aryl Cp-6 alkylsulfonyl C0-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl Cp-6 alkyl, aryl C0-6 alkylcarbonyl C0-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkylthiocarbonylamino Cp-6 alkyl, or aryl C0-6 alkylthiocarbonylamino Cp-6 alkyl;
wherein the alkyl or N atoms may be unsubstituted or substituted with R5;

R7 is selected from C7-20 polycyclyl Cp-8 alkylsulfonylamino C0-6 alkyl;
C7-20 polycyclyl Cp-g alkylcarbonylamino C0-6 alkyl;
C7-20 polycyclyl Cp-8 alkylaminosulfonylamino CO-6 alkyl;
C7-20 polycyclyl Cp-8 alkylaminocarbonylamino Cp-6 alkyl or C7-20 polycyclyl C0-8 alkyloxycarbonylamino Cp-6 alkyl;
wherein the polycyclyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with R14, R15, R16 and R17; and wherein any of the alkyl groups may be unsubstituted or subsituted with R14 and R15.
, R13 is selected from hydroxy, C 1-8 alkyloxy, aryl C0-6 alkyloxy, C1-8 alkylcarbonyloxy C1-4 alkyloxy, aryl C 1-g alkylcarbonyloxy C 1-4 alkyloxy, C 1-6 dialkylaminocarbonylmethyloxy, aryl C 1-6 dialkylaminocarbonylmethyloxy or an L- or D-amino acid joined by an amide linkage and wherein the carboxylic acid moiety of said amino acid is as the free acid or is esterified by C1-6 alkyl; and ____ R14, R15, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Cl-lo alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, oxo, aryl, aryl C1-8 alkyl, amino, amino Cl-8 alkyl, C1-3 acylamino, C1-3 acylamino C1-8 alkyl, Cl-6 alkylamino, C1-6 alkylamino-C1-8 alkyl, C1-6 dialkylamino, C1-6 dialkylamino Cl-8 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkoxy C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-3 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-3 alkoxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl-C1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy C1-6 alkyl, Cl-6 alkyloxy-C 1-6 alkyl, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, C1-8 alkyl-S(O)q, C1-8 alkylaminocarbonyl, C 1-8 dialkylaminocarbonyl, C 1-8 alkyloxycarbonylamino, C1-8 alkylaminocarbonyloxy or C1-8alkylsulfonylamino;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;

provided that the compound is not 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] (3-alanine ethyl ester (1-14) or 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] (3-alanine (1-15).
In one embodiment of the invention is the compound wherein Aryl is a 6-membered aromatic ring containing 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms wherein Aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with R8 and R9;

X is selected from -NR'R2, -C-NR2R3, -NR1-C-NR3R4 a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system containing 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 or S wherein the 5- or 6-membered ring system is either unsubstituted or substituted with R1 and R2, or a 9- to 14-membered fused polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system contains 0, 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N. 0 or S, and wherein the polycyclic ring system is either unsubstituted or substituted with Rl and R2;

Y is selected from the group consisting of CO-g alkylene, C3-10 cycloalkyl, CO-8 alkylene-NR10-CO-CO-8 alkylene, CO-8 alkylene-CONR10-CO-8 alkylene, CO-8 alkylene-O-CO-g alkylene, CO-8 alkylene-NR10-CO-8 alkylene, CO-8 alkylene-S(O)0-2-CO-8 alkylene, CO-8 alkylene-S02-NR10-CO-8 alkylene, CO-g alkylene-NR10-S02-CO-8 alkylene, CO-8 alkylene-CO-CO-g alkylene, (CH2)0-6 aryl(CH2)0-6, (CH2)0-6 aryl-CO-(CH2)0-6, (CH2)0-6 aryl-CO-NH-(CH2)0-6, or I
(CH2)0-8CH(CH2)0-8 Z and A are each independently selected from r T

(CH2)m, (CH2)mO(CH2)n, (CH2)mNR11(CH2)n, (CH2)mCNR11(CH2)n,(CH2)mNR11C(CH2)n,(CH2)mC(CH2)n, -1 1{
(CH2)mC(CH2)n, (CH2)mS02(CH2)n, (CH2)mS(CH2)n, (CH2)mSO(CH2)n, (CH2)mSO2NR11(CH2)n, (CH2)mNR1iSO2(CH2)n, (CH2)mCR11=CR12(CH2)n or (CH2)mC =C - (CH2)n, where m and n are each independently an integer from 0 to 4;

R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8, R9, R10, R,11 and R12 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-10 alkyl, aryl CO-g alkyl, amino CO-8 alkyl, C1-3 acylamino CO-8 alkyl, C1-6 alkylamino CO-g alkyl, C1-6 dialkylamino CO-8 alkyl, aryl C0-6 alkylamino CO-6 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyamino CO-g alkyl, hydroxy C 1-g alkylamino CO-g alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy C0-6 alkyl, or C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl CO-6 alkyl;
R6 is selected from hydrogen, C 1-g alkyl or aryl CO-g alkyl;

R7 is selected from C7-15 polycyclyl C0-6 alkylsulfonylamino CO-6 alkyl or C7-15 polycyclyl C0-6 alkylcarbonylamino CO-6 alkyl;
wherein the polycyclyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with R14~ R15, R16 and R17; and wherein any of the alkyl groups may be unsubstituted or subsituted with R14 and R15;

and all other variables are as defined above;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;

provided that the compound is not 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] (3-alanine ethyl ester (1-14) or 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] (3-alanine (1-15).
In a class of the invention is the compound wherein Aryl is a phenyl or pyridyl ring wherein the phenyl or pyridyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with R8;

X is a 9- to 14-membered fused polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system contains 0, 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 or S, and wherein the polycyclic ring system is either unsubstituted or substituted with Rl and R2;

Y is selected from CO-6 alkylene, C0-6 alkylene-NR10-CO-CO-6 alkylene, C0-6 alkylene-CONR10-CO-6 alkylene, C0-6 alkylene-O-CO-6 alkylene, CO-6 alkylene-NR10-CO-6 alkylene, C0-6 alkylene-S(O)0-2-CO-6 alkylene, T

C0-6 alkylene-S02-NR10-CO-6 alkylene, or C0-6 alkylene-aryl-CO-g alkylene;
Z is selected from O
(CH2)m, (CH2)mO(CH2)n or (CH2)mNR11,C(CH2)n A is (CH2)mCNR11(CH2)n =

B is R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8, R9, R10, R11 and R12 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-10 alkyl, aryl Cp-g alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy CO-6 alkyl, or C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl CO-6 alkyl;
R6 is hydrogen;

R7 is selected from C7-10 polycyclyl C0-6 alkylsulfonylamino CO-6 alkyl or C7-10 polycyclyl CO-6 alkylcarbonylamino C0-6 alkyl;
wherein the polycyclyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with R14, R15, R16 and R17;
R13 is selected from hydroxy or C 1-8 alkyloxy;

R14P R15, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Cl-6 alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, oxo, amino, amino Cl-8 alkyl, Cl-3 acylamino, Cl-3 acylamino Cl-8 alkyl, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 1-6 alkylamino C 1-g alkyl, C 1-6 dialkylamino, C 1-6 dialkylamino C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkoxy C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-3 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1-3 alkoxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl-C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy C l-6 alkyl, C l-6 alkyloxy-Cl-6 alkyl, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, Cl-8 alkylsulfonyl, C1-8 alkylaminocarbonyl, Cl-8 alkyloxycarbonylamino, C1-8 alkylaminocarbonyloxy or C 1-8alkylsulfonylamino;

and all other variables are as defined above;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;

provided that the compound is not 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] {3-alanine ethyl ester (1-14) or 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] P-alanine (1-15).
In a subclass of the invention is the compound of the formula ~._ RB
O
X-Y-Z ~~ N R13 ~ H H R7 wherein X is selected from the group consisting of R' R' i (5R2 ~ CN N
or N H H H H
Yis selected from C0-6 alkylene, CO-6 alkylene-O-CO-6 alkylene or CO-6 alkylene-1vR10-CO-6 alkylene;
Z is selected from (CH2)m or (CH2)m O-(CH2)n ;
m and n are each independently an integer from 0 to 6;

R14, R15, R,16 and R17 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, oxo or hydroxy;

and all other variables are as defined above;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;

provided that the compound is not 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] (3-alanine ethyl ester (1-14) or 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7=-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] P-alanine (1-15).
Illustrative of the invention is the compound of the formula:

RS
O O
X-Y-Z ~ ~ N R' 3 H H H-SO2-(CH2)q R1a wherein q is an integer from 0 to 2;
R18 is selected from or and all other variables are as defined previously;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;

provided that the compound is not 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] (3-alanine ethyl ester (1-14) or 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino] (3-alanine (1-15).
Exemplifying the invention is the compound selected from T.._... . _ i O

N O
:
N N~ H H H' S02 /

O
~CO2H
H N ;' N N H H~ N'S
H O2 or /

O

H N H H'''N'S

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
An illustration of the invention is the compound of the formula O

H
N H ,S

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Exemplifying the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. An example of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition made by combining any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Another illustration of the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Further illustrating the invention is a method of treating and/or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of a vitronectin receptor in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds described above. Preferably, the condition is selected from bone resorption, osteoporosis, restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, cancer and tumor growth. More preferably, the condition is selected from osteoporosis and cancer. Most preferably, the condition is osteoporosis.
More specifically exemplifying the invention is a method of eliciting a vitronectin antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above. Preferably, the vitronectin antagonizing effect is an av(33 antagonizing effect; more specifically the av(33 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of atherosclerosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of macular degeneration, inhibition of inflammation, inhibition of viral disease, or inhibition of tumor growth. Most preferably, the av(33 antagonizing effect is inhibition of bone resorption. Alternatively, the vitronectin antagonizing effect is an av(35 antagonizing effect or a dual avp3/av(35 antagonizing effect. Examples of av(35 antagonizing effects are inhibition of: restenosis, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, or tumor growth.
Examples of dual av(33/avP5 antagonizing effects are inhibition of bone resorption, restenosis, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, diabetic .T.._ _.~__ .

retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, or tumor growth.
Additional examples of the invention are methods of inhibiting bone resorption and of treating and/or preventing osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions decribed above.
Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of inhibiting tumor growth and of treating and/or preventing cancer in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions decribed above.
More specifically exemplifying the invention is any of the compositions described above, further comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a second bone resorption inhibitor; preferably, the second bone resorption inhibitor is alendronate.
More specifically illustrating the invention is any of the methods of treating and/or preventing osteoporosis and/or of inhibiting bone resoption described above, wherein the compound is administered in combination with a second bone resorption inhibitor; preferably, the second bone resorption inhibitor is alendronate.
Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, periodontal disease, hyperparathyroidism, periarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, immobilization-induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid treatment in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above.
More particularly exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof. Still further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of: bone resorption, tumor growth, cancer, restenosis, artherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and/or angiogenesis.
Another illustration of the invention is a drug which is useful for treating and/or preventing osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof, the effective ingredient of the said drug being any of the compounds descibed above. More specifically illustrating the invention is a drug which is useful for treating and/or preventing: bone resorption, tumor growth, cancer, restenosis, artherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and/or angiogenesis in a mammal in need thereof, the effective ingredient of the said drug being any of the compounds described above.

Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described above and one or more agents known to be cytotoxic or antiproliferative, e.g., Taxol'+'and doxorubicin. Further illustrative are methods of treating tumor growth wherein the compounds of the present invention are administered in conjunction with radiation therapy.
Further illustrative are methods of inhibiting angiogenesis comprising administering a compound as described above in combination with a VEGF (a vascular endothethial growth factor) inhibitor compound. Such combinations are useful for treating disease states such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Representative compounds of the present invention are av03 antagonists which display submicromolar affinity for the human avP3 receptor. Compounds of this invention are therefore useful for treating mammals suffering from a condition caused or mediated by the av(33 receptor, who are in need of such therapy. Pharmacologically effective amounts of the compounds, including pharamaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are administered to the mammal, to inhibit: the * trade-mark activity of mammalian osteoclasts, restenosis, tumor growth, artherosclerosis, inflammation, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis.
The compounds of the present invention are administered in dosages effective to antagonize the av(33 receptor where such treatment is needed, as, for example, in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis or cancer. For use in medicine, the salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts."
Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of the compounds according to the invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
Salts encompassed within the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts"
refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid. Representative salts include the following:
Acetate, Benzenesulfonate, Benzoate, Bicarbonate, Bisulfate, Bitartrate, Borate, Bromide, Calcium, Camsylate, Carbonate, Chloride, Clavulanate, Citrate, Dihydrochloride, Edetate, Edisylate, Estolate, Esylate, Fumarate, Gluceptate, Gluconate, Glutamate, Glycollylarsanilate, Hexylresorcinate, Hydrabamine, Hydrobromide, Hydrochloride, Hydroxynaphthoate, Iodide, Isothionate, Lactate, Lactobionate, Laurate, Malate, Maleate, Mandelate, Mesylate, Methylbromide, Methylnitrate, Methylsulfate, Mucate, Napsylate, Nitrate, N-methylglucamine ammonium salt, Oleate, Oxalate, Pamoate (Embonate), Palmitate, Pantothenate, Phosphate/diphosphate, Polygalacturonate, Salicylate, Stearate, Sulfate, Subacetate, Succinate, Tannate, Tartrate, Teoclate, Tosylate, Triethiodide and Valerate.
Furthermore, where the compounds of the invention carry an acidic moiety, suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands, e.g., quaternary ammonium salts.
The compounds of the present invention, may have chiral centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures and as individual diastereomers, or enantiomers with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention. Therefore, where a compound is chiral, the separate enantiomers, substantially free of the other, are included within the scope of the invention; further included are all mixtures of the two enantiomers. Also included within the scope of the invention are polymorphs and hydrates of the compounds of the instant invention.
The present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound. Thus, in the methods of treatment of the present invention, the term "administering"
shall encompass the treatment of the various conditions described with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs," ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.
Metabolites of these compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu.
The term "therapeutically effective amount" shall mean that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher or clinician.
The term "bone resorption," as used herein, refers to the process by which osteoclasts degrade bone.
The term "alkyl" shall mean straight, branched or monocyclic alkanes, alkenes or alkynes of the specified number of carbon atoms. Preferably, the term "alkyl" refers to straight or branced chain alkanes of C1-10 carbon atoms, or any number within this range (i.e., methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, etc.).
The term "alkenyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkenes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range.
The term "alkynyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkynes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range.

r _.___ The term "cycloalkyl" shall mean cyclic rings of alkanes of three to eight total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (i.e., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl).
The terms "polycyclic" or "polycyclyl," as used herein, refer to unsubstituted or substituted fused or bridged polycyclic systems containing from 7 to 20 carbon atoms and which can contain one or more degrees of unsaturation. Preferably, the term "polycyclyl" refers to unsubstituted or substituted fused or bridged bi- or tri-cyclic systems containing from 7-15 carbon atoms and which can contain one or two degrees of unsaturation. More preferably, the term "polycyclyl" refers to unsubstituted or substituted fused or bridged bi- or tri-cyclic systems containing from 7-10 carbon atoms and which can contain one or two degrees of unsaturation. Examples of prefered polycyclyl systems include, but are not limited to, decaline, camphor, adamantyl and norbornyl.
The term "cycloheteroalkyl," as used herein, shall mean a 3- to 8-membered fully saturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms chosen from N, 0, or S. Examples of cycloheteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl.
The term "alkoxy," as used herein, refers to straight or branched chain alkoxides of the number of carbon atoms specified (e.g., Cl-b alkoxy), or any number within this range (i.e., methoxy, ethoxy, etc.).
The term "alkylene" shall include both straight and branched chain alkylenes (e.g., -CH2-, -CH(CH3)-, -CH(CH3)-CH2-, etc.).
The term "aryl," as used herein, refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic system composed of 5- and 6-membered rings, such that the system comprises at least one fully unsaturated (i.e., aromatic) ring, wherein the rings contain 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms chosen from N, 0 or S, and either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl C 1-8 alkyl, amino, amino C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-3 acylamino, C1-3 acylamino C1-8 alkyl, C1-6 alkylamino, C1-6 alkylamino C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-6 dialkylamino, C 1-6 dialkylamino-C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkoxy C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-alkoxycarbonyl, Cl-3 alkoxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Cl-6 alkyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, oxo or C 1-5 alkylcarbonyloxy. Examples of aryl include, but are not limited to, 5 phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, indolyl, thienyl, furyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, benzo(1,3) dioxolane, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl, which are either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-10 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl C l-g alkyl, amino, amino C 1-g alkyl, C 1-3 acylamino, C 1-3 acylamino Cl-8 alkyl, C 1-6 alkylamino, C l-6 alkylamino-C 1-g alkyl, C 1-6 dialkylamino, C1-6 dialkylamino C1-8 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkoxy Cl-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, Cl-5 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1-3 alkoxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy C l-6 alkyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, oxo or C 1-5 alkylcarbonyloxy. Preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted with one to four of the above-named substituents; more preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono-, di- or tri-substituted with one to three of the above-named substituents;
most preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with one to two of the above-named substituents.
Whenever the term "alkyl" or "aryl" or either of their prefix roots appear in a name of a substituent (e.g., aryl CO-g alkyl) it shall be interpreted as including those limitations given above for "alkyl" and "aryl." Designated numbers of carbon atoms (e.g., C1-10) shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl or cyclic alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger substituent in which alkyl appears as its prefix root.
The terms "arylalkyl" and "alkylaryl" include an alkyl portion where alkyl is as defined above and to include an aryl portion where aryl is as defined above. The CO-m or Cl-m designation where m may be an integer from 1-10 or 2-10 respectively refers to the alkyl component of the arylalkyl or alkylaryl unit. Examples of arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, fluorobenzyl, chlorobenzyl, ,.

phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, fluorophenylethyl, chlorophenylethyl, thienylmethyl, thienylethyl, and thienylpropyl. Examples of alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, methylpyridine, ethylpyridine, propylpyridine and butylpyridine.
When substituent R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R,11, R12, R13 or R14 includes the definition CO (e.g., aryl CO-8 alkyl), the group modified by CO is not present in the substituent. Similarly, when any of the variables m, q, r or s is zero, then the group modified by the variable is not present; for example, when s is zero, the group "-(CH2)s C=CH" is "-C=CH".
The term "halogen" shall include iodine, bromine, chlorine and fluorine.
The term "oxy" means an oxygen (0) atom. The term "thio"
means a sulfur (S) atom. The term "oxo" shall mean a bivalent oxygen atom (=0).
The term "L- or D-amino acids" means naturally occurring L- or D-amino acids, for example, those naturally occurring L-amino acids present in humans, e.g. protein amino acids,, including L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-valine, and those naturally occurring D-amino acids which are non-protein amino acids, such as those found, for example, in antibiotic substances produced by bacteria and fungi, including D-valine, D-asparagine, D-glutamate, D-ornithine, D-phenylalanine, D-leucine, D-cysteine, and D-aspartate. (see Zubay "BIOCHEMISTRY" Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
(Reading, MA) 1983 pp. 867-870 and Stryer "BIOCHEMISTRY" W.H.
Freeman and Company (New York, NY) 3rd Edition 1988 pp. 16-21).
The term "substituted" shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substitutent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substituted by one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly or plurally.

Under standard nonmenclature used throughout this disclosure, the terminal portion of the designated side chain is described first, followed by the adjacent functionality toward the point of attachment. For example, a Cl-5 alkylcarbonylamino C1-6 alkyl substituent is equivalent to -C1-6 alkyl-NH-C-C1_5 alkyl.

The present invention is also directed to combinations of the compounds of the present invention with one or more agents useful in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. For example, the compounds of the instant invention may be effectively administered in combination with effective amounts of other agents used in the treatment of osteoporosis such as bisphosphonate bone resorption inhibitors; preferably, the bone resorption inhibitor is the bisphosphonate alendronate, now sold as FOSAMAX . Preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of an avP3 receptor antagonist of the present invention and FOSAMAX . In accordance with the method of the present invention, the individual components of the combination can be administered separately at different times during the course of therapy or concurrently in divided or single combination forms. The instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment and the term "administering" is to be interpreted accordingly. It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the compounds of this invention with other agents useful for treating (xvP3 related conditions includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for treating osteoporosis.
Further exemplifying the invention are compositions further comprising an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a.) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or ester thereof, b.) an estrogen receptor modulator, and ___._._ c.) a cytotoxic/antiproliferative agent, and mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of such bisphosphonates include alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, risedronate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. A particularly preferred bisphosphonate is alendronate, especially alendronate monosodium trihydrate.
Nonlimiting examples of estrogen receptor modulators include estrogen, progesterin, estradiol, raloxifene, and tamoxifene.
Nonlimiting examples of cytotoxic/antiproliferative agents are Taxo~and doxorubicin.
As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
The compounds of the present invention can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixers, tinctures, suspensions, syrups and emulsions. Likewise, they may also be administered in intravenous (bolus or infusion), intraperitoneal, topical (e.g., ocular eyedrop), subcutaneous, intramuscular or transdermal (e.g., patch) form, all using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. An effective but non-toxic amount of the compound desired can be employed as an avP3 inhibitor.
The dosage regimen utilizing-the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed. An ordinarily skilled physician, veterinarian or clinician can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.
* trade-mark Oral dosages of the present invention, when used for the indicated effects, will range between about 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 to 10 mg/kg/day, and most preferably 0.1 to 5.0 mg/kg/day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. A medicament typically contains from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient, preferably, from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient. Intravenously, the most preferred doses will range from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg/minute during a constant rate infusion.
Advantageously, compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily.
Furthermore, preferred compounds for the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittant throughout the dosage regimen.
In the methods of the present invention, the compounds herein described in detail can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or carriers (collectively referred to herein as 'carrier' materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, mannitol, sorbitol and the like;
for oral administration in liquid form, the oral drug components can be _. ~__ i combined with any oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water and the like. Moreover, when desired or necessary, suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture. Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes and the like. Lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like. Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
The compounds of the present invention can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled. The compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxy-ethylaspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polyactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
In the schemes and examples below, various reagent symbols and abbreviations have the following meanings:

AcOH (HOAc): Acetic acid.

BH3 = DMS: Borane = dimethylsulfide.
BOC(Boc): t-Butyloxycarbonyl.
BOP: Benzotriazol- 1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate.
CBZ(Cbz): Carbobenzyloxy or benzyloxycarbonyl.
CDI: Carbonyldiimidazole.
CH2C12: Methylene chloride.
CHC13: Chloroform.
DEAD: Diethyl azodicarboxylate.
DIAD: Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate.
DIBAH or DIBAL-H: Diisobutylaluminum hydride.
DIPEA: Diisopropylethylamine.
DMAP: 4-Dimethylaminopyridine.
DME: 1,2-Dimethoxyethane.
DMF: Dimethylformamide.
DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide.
DPFN: 3,5-Dimethyl-l-pyrazolylformamidine nitrate.
EDC: 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide.
Et: Ethyl.
EtOAc: Ethyl acetate.
EtOH: Ethanol.
HOBT: 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole.
LDA: Lithium diisopropylamide.
MeOH: Methanol.
NEt3: Triethylamine.
NMM: N-methylmorpholine.
PCA=HC1: Pyrazole carboxamidine hydrochloride.
Pd/C: Palladium on activated carbon catalyst.
Pd(OAc)2: Palladium(II) acetate.
Ph: Phenyl.
pTSA: p-Toluene sulfonic acid.
TEA: Triethylamine.
TFA: Trifluoroacetic acid.

_ ... T i THF: Tetrahydrofuran.
TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography.
TMEDA: N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine.
TMS: Trimethylsilyl.
TsCl: Tosyl chloride.

The novel compounds of the present invention were prepared according to the procedure of the following schemes and examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples. The most preferred compounds of the invention are any or all of those specifically set forth in these examples.
These compounds are not, however, to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention, and any combination of the compounds or their moieties may itself form a genus. The following examples further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. All temperatures are degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.
The following Schemes and Examples describe procedures for making representative compounds of the present invention.
Moreover, by utilizing the procedures described in detail in PCT
International Application Publication Nos. W095/32710, published 7 December 1995, and W095/17397, published 29 June 1995, in conjunction with the disclosure contained herein, one of ordinary skill in the art can readily prepare additional compounds of the present invention claimed herein.
More specifically, procedures for preparing the N-terminus of the compounds of the present invention are described in WO 95/32710.
Additionally, for a general review describing the synthesis of P-alanines which can be utilized as the C-terminus of the compounds of the present invention, see Cole, D.C., Recent Stereoselective Synthetic Approaches to PAmino Acids, Tetrahedron, 1994, 50, 9517-9582; Juaristi, E, et al., Enantioselective Synthesis of 6-Amino Acids, Aldrichemica Acta, 1994, 27, 3. In particular, synthesis of the 3-methyl (3-alanine is taught in Duggan, M.F. et al., J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 3332-3341; the 3-ethynyl (3-alanine is taught in Zablocki, J.A., et al., J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 2378-2394; the 3-pyrid-3-yl 0-alanine is taught in Rico, J.G. et al., J. Org.
Chem., 1993, 58, 7948-7951; and the 2-amino and 2-toslylamino P-alanines are taught in Xue, C-B, et al., Biorg. Med. Chem. Letts., 1996, 6, 339-344.

Scheme 1 C02H SOC12 C02Et H2N HCI=H2N
EtOH H,.
NHCBZ NHCBZ

BOC2O, NEt3, CH3CN

BOCNC02Et 10% Pd/C gOCN
H H~.= CO2Et H H~'NHCBZ

1=4 1-3 10(+) camphorsulfonyl chloride NMM, CH2C12 CO2Et HCI(g) BOCH H, EtOAc NHSO2 O HCI=H2H N~C02Et ___-_ Scheme 1 (continued) OH k + OEt Pd(OAc)2, CH3CN, 100 C
O

OEt O

O

cl H L-proline, EtOH, reflux N N
OEt Scheme 1 (continued) 10% Pd/C, ethanol, H2 HN ~ 2, R= Et OR ~ 6N HCI, 50 C
1-13,R-H
O
BOP

NMM

H
N
H NH C02iAo O N HS02 1-14, R = Et D NaOH, C2H5OH

Ethyl 2(S)-Na-Cbz-2.3-diaminopropionate hydrochloride (1-2) 1-1 (5 g, 21 mmol; Bachem) was dissolved in 100 mL EtOH
and cooled to 0 C. SOC12 (9.2 mL, 126 mmol) was added followed by removal of the cooling bath. After 6 hours, the reaction was concentrated to provide 1=2 as a white solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) S 7.35 (m, 5H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 4.22 (q, J=7Hz, 2H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 1.25 (t, J=7Hz, 3H).

Ethy12(S)-Nu-Cbz-Np-Boc-2.3-diaminopropionate (1-3) ,1-2 (2 g, 6.6 mmol) was dissolved in 60 mL CH3CN. NEt3 (1 mL, 7.2 mmol) was added followed by BOC20 (1.58 g, 7.3 mmol). After two hours, the reaction was concentrated, diluted with EtOAc, washed with sat. NaHCO3, 10% KHSO4 and brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated to provide .1- as a clear oil.
TLC Rf 0.87 (silica, 80% EtOAc/hexanes).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 7.35 (s, 5H), 5.75 (bs, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.81 (bs, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.56 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.29 (q, J=7Hz, 3H).
Ethy12(S)-NR-Boc-2.3-diaminopropionate (1-4) 1=3 (2.4 g, 6.6 mmol) with 10% Pd/C (240 mg) in EtOAc (35 mL) was stirred under a H2 atmosphere for 20 hours. The reaction was filtered through a Celite*pad and concentrated to provide 1=4 as a clear oil.
TLC Rf 0.13 (silica, 80% EtOAc/hexanes).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 5 5.00 (bs, 1H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.29 (q, J=7Hz, 3H).
Ethyl-2(S)-Na-(1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino)-Np-Boc-2, 3-diamino-ro,pionate (1-5) Amine 14 (760 mg, 3.27 mmol) was dissolved in 35 mL
CH2C12 and cooled to 0 C. NMM (755 mL, 6.87 mmol) and 10(+) camphorsulfonyl chloride (1.23 g, 4.9 mmol; Aldrich) were added. After stirring at 0 C for one hour, the reaction was concentrated, then diluted with EtOAc, washed with H20, sat. NaHCO3, 10% KHSO4 and brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to an oil. Flash chromatography (silica, 25-40% EtOAc/hexanes) provided 1-5 as a clear oil.
TLC Rf 0.66 (silica, 50% Et0Aclhexanes).
1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 5 6.37 (d, J=8Hz, 1H), 4.99 (bt, 1H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 4.23 (q, J=8Hz, 2H), 3.56 (m, 3H), 3.0 (d, J=15 Hz, 1H), 2.4 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.30 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 1.00 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 3H).
* trade-mark Ethyl-2(S)-Na-(1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino)-2,3-diaminopro-pionate hydrochloride (1-6) Ester 1;5 (900 mg, 2.18 mmol) was dissolved in 15 mL EtOAc and cooled to 0 C. HCl (g) was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 15 minutes. The reaction was removed from the cooling bath and purged with Ar (g) for 20 minutes followed by concentration to provide 1-6 as a foamly solid.
TLC Rf 0.05 (silica, 20% MeOH/EtOAc).
1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): 8 4.75 (m, 1H), 4.26 (q, J=7Hz, 2H), 3.50 (m, 4H), 2.40 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 4H), 1.30 (t, J=7Hz, 3H), 1.04 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 3H).

Ethy14-(3-oxo-butyl)benzoate (1-9) 3-Buten-2-ol 1=7 (2.15 mL, 25 mmol; Aldrich), ethyl 4-iodobenzoate 1-8 (5.5 g, 20 mmol, Aldrich) and NEt3 (3.5 mL, 25 mmol) were combined in CH3CN (6 mL) under argon in a pressure tube.
Pd(OAc)2 (19 mg, 80 umol) was added and the reaction heated at 100 C
for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled, then diluted with ether and washed with H20, 10% KHSO4, sat. NaHCO3, and brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to furnish 1- as a brown solid.
TLC Rf 0.23 (silica, 30% EtOAc/hexanes).
Ethv14-f2-(1.8-Naphthvridin-7-vl)ethvllbenzoate (1-11) An ethanol solution (70 mL) of 1-10 (1.75 g, 14.3 mmol; JOC, 1983, 48, 3401-3408),19 (3.15 g, 14.3 mmol, and L-proline (0.8 g, 7.0 mmol) was refluxed for 16 hours. The reaction was concentrated to dryness. Flash chromatography (silica, 60%-80% EtOAc/hexane) gave 1-11 as a yellow solid.
Rf 0.21 (silica, 3/1 EtOAc/hexane).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 9.1 (m, 1H), 8.18 (j, J=8 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=8 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (q, J=7Hz, 2H), 3.35 (m, 4H), 1.38 (t, J=7Hz, 3H).

__ T ....._...__ i Ethyl 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethylbenzoate (1-12) A mixture of 1-1 (645 mg, 2.1 mmol), 10% Pd/C (65 mg), and ethanol (10 mL) was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 18 hour. Filtration through a Celite*pad followed by concentration provided crude 1-12.
Trituration of the solid with 1:1 ether/hexanes furnished ,1-12 as a light yellow solid.
TLC Rf 0.75 (silica, 70% EtOAc/hexanes).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 5 7.94 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (s, 1H), 4.35 (q, J=7 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.84 (m, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 1.93 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 1.38 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H).

4-f 2-(1.2.3.4-Tetrahydro-1.8-nanhthvridin-7-vl)ethvlbenzoic acid (1-13) The ester 1-12 (680 mg, 2.1 mmol) in 6N HCI (10 mL) was heated to 50 C for 18 hours. Concentration provided 1-13 as a light yellow solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) S 7.93 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 5.54 (d, J=8 Hz, 1), 3.48 (t, J-5 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (m, 4H), 2.79 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 1.93 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H).

4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)[ 1(S)10-camphorsulfonylaminol (i-alanine ethyl ester (1-14) -13 (200 mg, 0.627 mmol), amine 1& (240 mg, 0.69 mmol), NMM (345 mL, 3.13 mmol) and BOP reagent (332 mg, 0.75 mmol) were combined in 5 mL CH3CN. After stirring -overnight, the reaction was concentrated, then diluted with EtOAc, washed with H20, sat. NaHCO3 and brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, EtOAc) provided 1-1 as an off-white foamy solid.
TLC Rf 0.13 (silica, EtOAc).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 5 7.70 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=7Hz, 1H), 6.72 (t, J=5Hz, 1H), 6.5 (bm, 1H), 6.28 (d, J=7Hz, 1H), 4.79 (s, 1H), 4.42 (bs, 1H), 4.25 (q, J=7Hz, 2H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.55 * trade-mark (d, J=15Hz, 1H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.00 (m, 3H), 2.82 (t, J=4Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 2.04 (m, 8H), 1.58 (bs, 3H), 1.31 (t, J=7Hz, 3H), 1.00 (s, 3H), 0.90 (s, 3H).

4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-fl(S)10-camphorsulfonvlaminol (3-alanine (1-15) 1-14 (250 mg, 0.409 mmol) was dissolved in 4 mL EtOH, 1M
NaOH (1.02 mL, 1.02 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for two hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 1N
HCl and then concentrated to a foamy solid. Flash chromatography (silica, 18:10:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/NH4OHlH20) provided 1-15 as a slightly yellow solid.
TLC Rf 0.49 (silica, 12:10:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/NH4OH/H20).
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8 8.48 (bt, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.55 (bs, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J=7Hz, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 6.26 (d, J=7Hz, 1H), 4.13 (s, 1H), 3.54 (m, 3H), 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.94 (m, 3H), 2.73 (t, J=7Hz, 2H), 2.6 (t, J=6Hz, 2H), 2.3 (m, 3H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 1H), 1.37 (m, 1H), 1.05 (m, 1H), 0.95 (s, 3H), 0.66 (s, 3H).

Structurally related analogs of 1-15 can be prepared from commercially available starting materials utilizing the chemistry shown in Scheme 1. Several such representative compounds are examplified as compounds 1-4 depicted in Table 1. Compounds 1 and 2 are readily available through the chemistry illustrated in Scheme 1 by using 2(R)-Na-Cbz-2,3-diaminopropionic acid 5(Bachem) or (1R)-(-)10-camphorsulfonyl chloride 6(Aldrich), respectively. Compounds 3 and are attained by starting with the appropriate alcohols, 1-adamantanemethanol 7 (Aldrich) or (1R)-(-)-Nopol 8 (Aldrich), respectively. These alcohols can be converted to their corresponding sulfonyl chlorides via the standard chemistry shown in Scheme 2.

_.._ _ Scheme 2 HO TsO
TsCI, pyridine =-,j - '~

NaHCO3, CH3 COSH, DMF

,, \ f CH3OH, K2CO3 Ci2, Table 1 Starting Compound Material O
A NC02H ~H N C02H
N H HN ' S 2 HNHCBZ
H 02 1 ~

N O
N N~ H H H, SO2 O

Ci,S
.~.

O

H , H
N N~ \ I H H-S 0 O
N HO
"XC02H

H H H-S j UNN,_ 4 \
,,~ 8 __.____ T i H2N~~ CO2H

S02C1 NaOH, dioxane H2N~~ CO2H

O H H ~ SO

1. Br2, NaOH, 2. HCI

/ ='' HCI
EtOH
HCI=H2N \,. C02CH2CH3 H H' S02 SCHEME 3 (Cont'd) ~ CO2CH2CH3 N
H2N 3 5a H2, 10% Pd/C
EtOH
H2N "3-5 HCI=H2NfN

HCI=H2N WCO2CH2CH3 EDC, HOBT, H HNSO2C6H41 NMM, DMF

~ H H NH

O

T

SCHEME 3 (Cont'd) ~
/ I
\

O

\ I

N H NH

(CH3Sn)2, Pd(PPH3)4, dioxane, 90 C Sn(CH3)3 H2N N I \ 02S

NH

\/I

O

N-(4-Iodo-phenvlsulfonvlamino)-L-asparagine (3-2) To a stirred solution of acid 3_1 (4.39 g, 33.2 mmol), NaOH
(1.49 g, 37.2 mmol), dioxane (30 ml) and H20 (30 ml) at 0 C was added pipsyl chloride (10.34 g, 34.2 mmol). After -5 minutes, NaOH (1.49, 37.2 mmol) dissolved in 15 ml H20, was added followed by the removal of the cooling bath. After 2.0 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in H20 (300 ml) and then washed with EtOAc.
The aqueous portion was cooled to 0 C and then acidified with concentrated HCl. The solid was collected and then washed with Et20 to provide acid 3=2 as a white solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, D20) S 7.86 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.48 (d, 2H, J=8Hz) 3.70 (m, 1H), 2.39 (m, 2H).

2(S)-(4-Iodo-phenylsulfonvlamino)-(3-alanine (3-3) To a stirred solution of NaOH (7.14 g, 181.8 mmol) and H20 (40 ml) at 0 C was added Br2 (1.30 ml, 24.9 mmol) dropwise over a ten minute period. After -5 minutes, acid 3!2 (9.9 g, 24.9 mmol), NaOH (2.00 g, 49.8 mmol) and H20 (35 ml) were combined, cooled to 0 C and then added in a single portion to the reaction. After stirring for 20 minutes at 0 C, the reaction was heated to 90 C for 30 minutes and then recooled to 0 C. The pH was adjusted to -7 by dropwise addition of concentrated HCl. The solid was collected, washed with EtOAc, and then dried in vacuo to provide acid 3-3 as a white solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, D20) 8 8.02 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 4.36 (m, 1H), 3.51 (dd, 1H, J=5Hz, 13Hz) 3.21 (m, 1H).

Ethyl 2(S)-(4-iodo-phenvlsulfonylamino)-D-alanine-hvdrochloride (3-4) HCl gas was rapidly bubbled through a suspension of acid -3 (4.0 g, 10.81 mmol) in EtOH (50 ml) at 0 C for 10 minutes. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction was heated to 60 C. After 18 h, the reaction was concentrated to provide ester 3=4 as a white solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) 8 7.98 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 4.25 (q, 1H, J=5Hz), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.33 (m, 1H), 3.06 (m, 1H), 1.01 (t, 3H, J=7Hz).

T.._ T

Ethv14-f2-(2-Aminopvridin-6-vl)ethvllbenzoate (3-5) A mixture of ester 3-5a (700 mg, 2.63 mmol), (for preparation, see: Scheme 29 of PCT International Application Publication No. WO 95/327 10, published December 7, 1995) 10% Pd/C (350 mg) and EtOH were stirred under 1 atm H2. After 20 h, the reaction was filtered through a celite pad and then concentrated to provide ester 3-5 as a brown oil.
TLC Rf = 0.23 (silica, 40% EtOAc/hexanes) 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) S 7.95 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.26 (m, 3H), 6.43 (d, 1H, J=7Hz), 6.35 (d, 1H, J=8Hz), 4.37 (m, 4H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 1.39 (t, 3H, J=7Hz).

4-f2-(2-AminQpvridin-6-vl)ethvllbenzoic acid hydrochloride (3-6) A suspension of ester -5 (625 mg, 2.31 mmol) in 6N HCI
(12 ml) was heated to 60 C. After -20 h, the reaction was concentrated to give acid L-6 as a tan solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CD30D) 8 7.96 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 6.84 (d, 1H, J=9Hz), 6.69 (d, 1H, J=7Hz), 3.09 (m, 4H).

Ethy14-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-(4-iado-phenvlsulfonylamino)-D-alanine (3-7) A solution of acid 3-6 (400 mg, 1.43 mmol), amine 3a (686 mg, 1.57 mmol), EDC (358 mg, 1.86 mmol), HOBT (252 mg, 1.86 mmol), NMM (632 1, 5.72 mmol) and DMF (10 ml) was stirred for -20 h.
The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and then washed with sat NaHCO3, brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, EtOAC to 5% isopropanol/EtOAc) provided amide Qr_7 as a white solid.
TLC Rf = 0.4 (silica, 10% isopropanol/EtOAc) 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD30D) S 7.79 (d, 2H, J=9Hz) 7.61 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.52 (d, 2H, J=9Hz), 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.27 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 4.20 (m, 1H), 3.95 (q, 2H, J=7Hz), 3.66 (dd, 1H, J=6Hz, 14Hz), 3.49 (dd, 1H, J=8Hz, 13Hz), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 1.08 (t, 3H, J=7Hz).

* trade-mark 4-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2( S)-(4-iodophenyl-su1 onylamino)-o-alanine (3-8) A solution of ester 3-7 (200 mg, 0.3213 mmol) and 6N HCl (30 ml) was heated to 60 C. After -20 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, 20:20:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/
NH40H/H20) provided acid 3-$ as a white solid.
TLC Rf = 0.45 (silica, 20:20:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/NH4OH/H20) 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) S 8.40 (m, 1H), 8.14 (Bs, 1H), 7.81 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.62 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.48 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.27 (m, 3H), 6.34 (d, 1H, J=7Hz), 6.25 (d, 1H, J=8Hz), 5.85 (bs, 2H), 3.89 (bs, 1H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.79 (m, 2H).

4-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl )ethyl)benzoyl-2(S)-(4-trimethylstannyl-phenvlsulfonvlamino-D-alanine (3-9) A solution of iodide 3-$ (70 mg, 0.1178 mmol), (CH3Sn)2 (49 l, 0.2356 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (5 mg) and dioxane (7 ml) was heated to 90 C. After 2 h, the reaction was concentrated and then purified by prep HPLC (Delta-Pak C18 15 pM 100A , 40 x 100 mm; 95:5 iE 5:95 H20/CH3CN) provided the trifluoroacetate salt. The salt was suspended in H20 (10 ml), treated with NH40H (5 drops) and then lyophilized to provide amide 9 as a white solid.
1H NMR, (400 MHz, DMSO) S 8.40 (m, 1H), 8.18 (d, 1H, J=8Hz), 7.67 (m, 5H), 7.56 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.29 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 6.95-7.52 (m, 2H), 6.45 (bs, 2H), 4.00 (m, 1H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H).
4-[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyllbenzoyl-2(S)-4-125iodo-enylsulfonylaminq;f3-alanine (3-10) An iodobead (Pierce) was added to a shipping vial of 5 mCi of Na1251 (Amersham, IMS30) and stirred for five minutes at room temperature. A solution of 0.1 mg of la in 0.05 mL of 10% H2SO4/MeOH
was made and immediately added to the Na125Uiodobead vial. After stirring for three minutes at room temperature, approximately 0.04-0.05 mL of NH40H was added so the reaction mixture was at pH 6-7. The entire reaction mixture was injected onto the HPLC for purification [Vydaepeptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm, linear gradient of * trade-mark -46-10% acetonitrile (0.1% (TFA):H20 (0.1% TFA) to 90% acetonitrile (0.1%
TFA):H20 (0.1% TFA) over 30 minutes, 1 mL/min]. The retention time of -1( is 17 minutes under these conditions. Fractions containing the majority of the radioactivity were pooled, lyophilized and diluted with ethanol to give approximately 1 mCi of -,QI , which coeluted on HPLC
analysis with an authentic sample of 3-$.
Instrumentation: Analytical and preparative HPLC was carried out using a Waters 600E Powerline Multi Solvent Delivery System with 0.1 mL heads with a Rheodyne 7125 injector and a Waters 990 Photodiode Array Detector with a Gilson FC203 Microfraction collector. For analytical and preparative HPLC a Vydac peptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm was used with a C-18 Brownlee modular guard column. The acetonitrile used for the HPLC analyses was Fisher Optima grade. The HPLC radiodetector used was a Beckman 170 Radioisotope detector. A VydatC-18 protein and peptide column, 3.9 x 250 mm was used for analytical and preparative HPLC. Solutions of radioactivity were concentrated using a Speedvac vacuum centrifuge.
Calibration curves and chemical concentrations were determined using a Hewlett Packard Model 8452A W/Vis Diode Array Spectrophotometer.
Sample radioactivities were determined in a Packard A5530 gamma counter.

The test procedures employed to measure av(33 binding and the bone resorption inhibiting activity of the compounds of the present invention are described below. In addition, the activity of the compounds of the present invention for treating cancer and/or inhibiting tumor growth is confirmed utilizing the nude mouse tumor xenograft assay described in Kohl et al., PNAS 91 (1994) 9141-45.

* trade-mark BONE RESORPTION-PIT ASSAY
When osteoclasts engage in bone resorption, they will literally cause the formation of pits in the surface of bone that they are acting upon. Therefore, when testing compounds for their ability to inhibit osteoclasts, it is useful to measure the ability of osteoclasts to excavate these resorption pits when the inhibiting compound is present.
Consecutive 200 micron thick cross sections from a six mm cylinder of bovine femur diaphysis were cut with a low speed diamond saw (Isomet, Beuler, Ltd., Lake Bluff, Il). Bone slices were pooled, placed in a 10% ethanol solution and refrigerated until further use.
Prior to experimentation, bone slices were ultrasonicated twice, 20 minutes each in H20. Cleaned slices were placed in 96 well plates such that two control lanes and one lane for each drug dosage are available. Each lane represents either triplicate or quadruplicate cultures. The bone slices in 96 well plates were sterilized by UV
irradiation. Prior to incubation with osteoclasts, the bone slices were hydrated by the addition of 0.1 ml Medium 199, pH 6.9 containing 15%
fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
Osteoclasts were isolated from the long bones of 1 to 3 day old rat pups (Sprague-Dawley) by modifications of Chambers et al., (J .
Cell. Science, 66:383-399). The resulting suspension (0.75 mUbone) was gently triturated 90-120 times using a wide bore transfer pipet. The cellular population was separated from bone fragments by a cell strainer with a 100 micron nylon mesh. 100 l of the cell suspension was placed onto each bone slice. Test compounds were then added at the desired experimental concentrations. -Bone slices exposed to osteoclasts for 20-24 hrs were processed for staining. Tissue culture media was removed from each bone slice. Each well was washed with 200 l of H20, and the bone slices were then fixed for 20 minutes in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M cacodylate, pH 7.4. After fixation, any remaining cellular debris was removed by 2 min. ultrasonication in the presence of 0.25 M NH4OH followed by 2 X 15 min ultrasonication in H20. The bone slices were immediately stained for 6-8 min with filtered 1% toluidine blue and 1% borax.

_ After the bone slices have dried, resorption pits were counted in test and control slices. Resorption pits were viewed in a Microphot Fx (Nikonn fluorescence microscope using a polarizing Nikor*
IGS filter cube. Test dosage results were compared with controls and resulting IC50 values were determined for each compound tested.
The appropriateness of extrapolating data from this assay to utility and use in mammalian (including human) disease states is supported by the teaching found in Sato, M., et al., Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1990. That article teaches that certain bisphosphonates have been used clinically and appear to be effective in the treatment of Paget's disease, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteolytic lesions produced by bone metastases, and bone loss due to immobilization or sex hormone deficiency. These same bisphosphonates are then tested in the resorption pit assay described above to confirm a correlation between their known utility and positive performance in the assay.

EIB ASSAY
Duong A al., J. Bone Miner. Res., 8:S 378, describe a system for expressing the human integrin av(33. It has been suggested that the integrin stimulates attachment of osteoclasts to bone matrix, since antibodies against the integrin, or RGD-containing molecules, such as echistatin (European Publication 382 451), can effectively block bone resorption.
Reaction Mixture:
1. 175 1 TBS buffer (50 mM Tris=HCl pH 7.2, 150 mM NaCI, 1% BSA, 1 mM CaC12, 1 mM MgC12).
2. 25 l cell extract (dilute with 100 mM octylglucoside buffer to give 2000 cpm/25 l).
3. 1251-echistatin (25 l/50,000 cpm) (see EP 382 451).
4. 25 l buffer (total binding) or unlabeled echistatin (non-specific binding).

* trade-mark The reaction mixture was then incubated for 1 h at room temp. The unbound and the bound av(33 were separated by filtration using a Skatron Cell Harvester. The filters (prewet in 1.5% poly-ethyleneimine for 10 mins) were then washed with the wash buffer (50 mM Tris HCl, 1mM CaC12/MgC12, pH 7.2). The filter was then counted in a gamma counter.

SPA ASSAY
MATERIALS:

1. Wheatgerm agglutinin Scintillation Proximity Beads (SPA):
Amersham 2. Octylglucopyranoside: Calbiochem 3. HEPES: Calbiochem 4. NaCl: Fisher 5. CaC12: Fisher 6. MgC12: SIGMA
7. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF): SIGMA
8. Optiplate: PACKARD
9. 3-10 (specific activity 500-1000 Ci/mmole) 10. test compound 11. Purified integrin receptor: av(33 was purified from 293 cells overexpressing av(33 (Duong et al., J. Bone Min. Res., 8:S378, 1993) according to Pytela (Methods in Enzymology, 144:475, 1987) 12. Binding buffer: 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM
Ca2+/Mg2+, 0.5 mM PMSF
13. 50 mM octylglucoside in binding buffer: 50-OG buffer PROCEDURE:
1. Pretreatment of SPA beads:
500 mg of lyophilized SPA beads were first washed four times with 200 ml of 50-OG buffer and once with 100 ml of binding buffer, and then resuspended in 12.5 ml of binding buffer.

_._ 2. Preparation of SPA beads and receptor mixture In each assay tube, 2.5 l (40 mg/ml) of pretreated beads were suspended in 97.5 l of binding buffer and 20 ml of 50-OG
buffer. 5 l (-30 ng/ l) of purified receptor was added to the beads in suspension with stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. The mixture was then centrifuged at 2,500 rpm in a Beckman GPR Benchtop centrifuge for 10 minutes at 4 C. The pellets were then resuspended in 50 l of binding buffer and 25 l of 50-OG buffer.

3. Reaction The following were sequentially added into Optiplate in corresponding wells:
(i) Receptor/beads mixture (75 l) (ii) 25 l of each of the following: compound to be tested, binding buffer for total binding or 3_8 for non-specific binding (final concentration 1 M ) (iii) 3-10 in binding buffer (25 l, final concentration 40 pM) (iv) Binding buffer (125 l) (v) Each plate was sealed with plate sealer from PACKARD and incubated overnight with rocking at 4 C

4. Plates were counted using PACKARD TOPCOUNT
5. % inhibition was calculated as follows:
A = total counts B = nonspecific counts C = sample counts % inhibition = [{(A-B)-(C-B)}/(A-B)]/(A-B) x 100 OCFORM ASSAY
Osteoblast-like cells (1.8 cells), originally derived from mouse calvaria, were plated in CORNING 24 well tissue culture plates in a MEM medium containing ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides, 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillin-streptomycin. Cells were seeded at 40,000/well in the morning. In the afternoon, bone marrow cells were prepared from six week old male Balb/C mice as follows:
Mice were sacrificed, tibiae removed and placed in the above medium. The ends were cut off and the marrow was flushed out of the cavity into a tube with a 1 mL syringe with a 27.5 gauge needle.
The marrow was suspended by pipetting up and down. The suspension was passed through >100 m nylon cell strainer. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 350 x g for seven minutes. The pellet was resuspended, and a sample was diluted in 2% acetic acid to lyse the red cells. The remaining cells were counted in a hemacytometer. The cells were pelleted and resuspended at 1 x 106 cells/mL. 50 L was added to each well of 1.8 cells to yield 50,000 cells/well and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3(D3) was added to each well to a final concentration of 10 nM. The cultures were incubated at 37 C in a humidified, 5% CO2 atmosphere.
After 48 h, the medium was changed. 72 h after the addition of bone marrow, test compounds were added with fresh medium containing D3 to quadruplicate wells. Compounds were added again after 48 h with fresh medium containing D3. After an additional 48 h the medium was removed, cells were fixed with 10% formaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline for 10 minutes at room temperature, followed by a 1-2 minute treatment with ethanol: acetone (1:1) and air dried. The cells were then stained for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase as follows:
The cells were stained for 10-15 minutes at room temperature with 50 mM acetate buffer, pH 5.0 containing 30 mM
sodium tartrate, 0.3 mg/mL Fast Red Violet LB Salt and 0.1 mg/mL
Naphthol AS -MX phosphate. After staining, the plates were washed extensively with deionized water and air dried. The number of multinucleated, positive staining cells were counted in each well.

_.._._.._____..
i EXAMPLE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

As a specific embodiment of an oral composition, 100 mg of compound 1(shown in Table 1) is formulated with sufficient finely divided lactose to provide a total amount of 580 to 590 mg to fill a size 0 hard gel capsule.

While the invention has been described and illustrated in reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, effective dosages other than the preferred doses as set forth hereinabove may be applicable as a consequence of variations in the responsiveness of the mammal being treated for severity of bone disorders caused by resorption, or for other indications for the compounds of the invention indicated above.
Likewise, the specific pharmacological responses observed may vary according to and depending upon the particular active compound selected or whether there are present pharmaceutical carriers, as well as the type of formulation and mode of administration employed, and such expected variations or differences in the results are contemplated in accordance with the objects and practices of the present invention. It is intended, therefore, that the invention be limited only by the scope of the claims which follow and that such claims be interpreted as broadly as is reasonable.

Claims (26)

CLAIMS:

1. A compound of the formula:
wherein X is selected from the group consisting of:

Y is selected from:
C0-6 alkylene, C0-6 alkylene-O-C0-6 alkylene and C0-6 alkylene-NR10-C0-6 alkylene;
Z is selected from:

(CH2)m and (CH2)~O~(CH2)n ;
R1, R2, R8 and R10 are each independently selected from:
hydrogen, halogen, C1-10 alkyl, aryl C0-8 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy C0-6 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl C0-6 alkyl;
R7 is selected from:

C7-10 polycyclyl C0-6 alkylsulfonylamino C0-6 alkyl and C7-10 polycyclyl C0-6 alkylcarbonylamino C0-6 alkyl;
wherein the polycyclyl may be unsubstituted or substituted with R14, R15, R16 and R17;

R13 is selected from:
hydroxy and C1-8 alkyloxy;

R14, R15, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from:
hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, oxo and hydroxy; and m and n are each independently an integer from 0 to 6;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

provided that the compound is not 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino].beta.-alanine ethyl ester or 4-[2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-[1(S)10-camphorsulfonylamino].beta.-alanine.

2. The compound of claim 1, of the formula:
wherein:
q is an integer from 0 to 2;
R18 is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3. The compound of claim 2, selected from:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. The compound of claim 1, of the formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

6. A pharmaceutical composition made by combining a compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

7. A process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining a compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

8. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for eliciting a vitronectin antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof.

9. The use of claim 8, wherein the vitronectin antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of artherosclerosis, inhibition of inflammation, inhibition of viral disease, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of macular degeneration or inhibition of tumor growth.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the vitronectin antagonizing effect is the inhibition of tumor growth.

11. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of a vitronectin receptor in a mammal in need thereof.

12. The use of claim 11, wherein the condition is selected from the group consisting of osteoporosis and cancer.

13. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof.

14. The use of claim 13, wherein said compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered in conjunction with radiation therapy.

15. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a mammal in need thereof.

16. A pharmaceutical composition for eliciting a vitronectin antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

17. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of a vitronectin receptor in a mammal in need thereof, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

18. A pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

19. A pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer in a mammal in need thereof, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

20. A pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer in a mammal in need thereof, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and one or more agents known to be cytotoxic or antiproliferative.

21. A pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting angiogenesis in a mammal in need thereof, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and a VEGF inhibitor compound.

22. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 for treating a condition selected from cancer, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.

23. A composition according to claim 5, which further comprises an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, c) a cytotoxic agent, and d) an antiproliferative agent, and mixtures thereof.

24. A composition according to claim 23, wherein said organic bisphosphonate or pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or ester thereof is alendronate monosodium trihydrate.

25. A compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in eliciting a vitronectin antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof.

26. The compound of claim 25, wherein the vitronectin antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of artherosclerosis, inhibition of inflammation, inhibition of viral disease, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of macular degeneration or inhibition of tumor growth.