CA2271654C - Composite stratified material and use thereof for coinage - Google Patents
Composite stratified material and use thereof for coinage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2271654C CA2271654C CA002271654A CA2271654A CA2271654C CA 2271654 C CA2271654 C CA 2271654C CA 002271654 A CA002271654 A CA 002271654A CA 2271654 A CA2271654 A CA 2271654A CA 2271654 C CA2271654 C CA 2271654C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- max
- steel
- composite
- coins
- stratified material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Testing Of Coins (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Gloves (AREA)
- Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Composite stratified material comprising a core layer of a ferritic chrome steel that is plated on both sides with a steel consisting of (mass %): chrome 16.0 to 18.0, nickel 10.0 to 12.0 and copper 3.5 to 4.5, as well as of selectably other elements, the rest being essentially iron, and its use for manufacturing coins, chips, tokens and related objects.
Description
COMPOSITE STRATIFIED MATERIAL AND USE THEREOF FOR COINAGE
The present invention relates to a composite stratified material for coins, tokens, chips, and related objects.
JP 04066651 and US 27 75 520 both describe rust-resistant chromium-nickel-steel alloys as materials used for coinage manufactured in a single layer; on average, these alloys contain 17.8 wt-% chromium, 12.8 wt-% nickel, and 3 wt-%
copper.
EP-A 0 343 701 describes a composite stratified material that is used to manufacture coinage that may contain, amongst other things, a core layer of a ferritic chromium steel, plated on both sides with a layer consisting of an austenitic chromium-nickel steel.
In earlier times, when coins having a face value equal to the value of the metal they contained were being minted, it was important that the value of the metal was equal to the nominal value of the coins, so that this demand governed the selection of the metal. Gold, silver, and base metals, as well as alloys of these, were used. In the course of industrialization, from the middle of the nineteenth century on, more and more coins having a face value in excess of the value of the metal they contained were being circulated; the material for these was selected on the basis of economical production and, on the other hand, for its physical appearance.
Very frequently, nickel and specific copper alloys were used. In more recent times, there have been increasing demands for better-priced coinage., In the course of this development, various types of rust: resistant steels were used to manufacture coinage. Use was made, mainly of X 6 Cr 17 ferritic steel (German Material No. 1.4016) and X 5 Cr Ni 18 12 (German Material No. 1.4303).
The continued proliferation of rust-resistant steel as material for coinage was hindered by the problems associated with embossing the metal. Because of hardness l0 values that remained in practice at approximately 140 to 160 HV30, on average approximately 150 HV30 for the soft-annealed state, the embossed image was relatively shallow, albeit highly resistant to abrasion, and the coins remained resistant to corrosion over very long periods, as is described, for example, in Coinage Materials, XV:II Mint Directors' Conference Madrid 1992.
The bluish tinge, in particular of ferritic rust-resistant steels, prevented these from achieving the same appeal as coinage materials such as silver or nickel, and alloys thereof, which were percei~Jed as being whiter.
In contrast to the mech<~nical coin testers that were usually used in the past, in addii~ion to testing the diameter and the thickness, the electronic coin testers that are used today test electrical conductivity inductively at various frequencies, which is to say at various distances from the outside surface. This makes it possible to identify composite stratified materials and distinguish them from foreign coins and counterfeits.
The present invention relates to a composite stratified material for coins, tokens, chips, and related objects.
JP 04066651 and US 27 75 520 both describe rust-resistant chromium-nickel-steel alloys as materials used for coinage manufactured in a single layer; on average, these alloys contain 17.8 wt-% chromium, 12.8 wt-% nickel, and 3 wt-%
copper.
EP-A 0 343 701 describes a composite stratified material that is used to manufacture coinage that may contain, amongst other things, a core layer of a ferritic chromium steel, plated on both sides with a layer consisting of an austenitic chromium-nickel steel.
In earlier times, when coins having a face value equal to the value of the metal they contained were being minted, it was important that the value of the metal was equal to the nominal value of the coins, so that this demand governed the selection of the metal. Gold, silver, and base metals, as well as alloys of these, were used. In the course of industrialization, from the middle of the nineteenth century on, more and more coins having a face value in excess of the value of the metal they contained were being circulated; the material for these was selected on the basis of economical production and, on the other hand, for its physical appearance.
Very frequently, nickel and specific copper alloys were used. In more recent times, there have been increasing demands for better-priced coinage., In the course of this development, various types of rust: resistant steels were used to manufacture coinage. Use was made, mainly of X 6 Cr 17 ferritic steel (German Material No. 1.4016) and X 5 Cr Ni 18 12 (German Material No. 1.4303).
The continued proliferation of rust-resistant steel as material for coinage was hindered by the problems associated with embossing the metal. Because of hardness l0 values that remained in practice at approximately 140 to 160 HV30, on average approximately 150 HV30 for the soft-annealed state, the embossed image was relatively shallow, albeit highly resistant to abrasion, and the coins remained resistant to corrosion over very long periods, as is described, for example, in Coinage Materials, XV:II Mint Directors' Conference Madrid 1992.
The bluish tinge, in particular of ferritic rust-resistant steels, prevented these from achieving the same appeal as coinage materials such as silver or nickel, and alloys thereof, which were percei~Jed as being whiter.
In contrast to the mech<~nical coin testers that were usually used in the past, in addii~ion to testing the diameter and the thickness, the electronic coin testers that are used today test electrical conductivity inductively at various frequencies, which is to say at various distances from the outside surface. This makes it possible to identify composite stratified materials and distinguish them from foreign coins and counterfeits.
This results in an additional, important criterion for manufacturing materials for coinage, in that material characteristic such a density, electrical conductivity, and magnetic behaviour have to be adjusted to fall within a very narrow acceptance range.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a rust-resistant material that, compared to the prior art, may be more easily embossed and is perceived as being white or silvery and which can be processed to form coins that can be used in today~s coin testing machines so as to be reliably and consistently distinguished from other coins and counterfeits.
In one aspect, this invention provides a composite stratified material for coins, tokens, chips, and related objects, comprising a core layer of a ferritic chromium steel that is plated on both sides with a layer of steel, characterized in that the steel used to plate the core layer consists of the following (wt-%) Chromium 16.0 to 18.0 Nickel 10.0 to 12.0 Copper 3.5 to 4.5 with the remainder being made up of iron and such additives as may be required by the production process, and additionally one or more of the following elements (in wt-%):
Manganese max. 1.5 Silicon max. 0.4 Carbon max. 0.02 Nitrogen max. 0.02 Sulphur max. 0.01 Phosphorus max. 0.03 Molybdenum max. 1.0 Titanium max. 0.03 Niobium max. 0.05 Aluminum max. 0.1 Cobalt max. 0.3 Boron max. 0.003.
It is preferable that the thickness of the layer that is plated on is 10 to 30% of the total thickness of the composite stratified material.
Surprisingly, it has been found that in the soft-annealed state, a composite stratified material of a steel of this type is of the desired colour, which is perceived as white or silver, and is of a hardness that can be kept well below 140 HV30 and normally even below 120 HV30.
These stainless steels, which on average have hardness values some 20% lower than those that are used for coin blanks, in the prior art, produce a much deeper and more plastic impression. Despite this, the abrasion resistance of these new coinage materials, as determined in by drum testing of sample coins, is comparable to that of X 6 Cr 17 and X 5 CrNi 18 12 stainless steels, and about three times greater than that of conventional coinage materials such as CuA16Ni2 that are based on copper.
It is preferable that the core layer of the composite stratified material of this invention is X 6 Cr 17 steel.
This comparability with other stainless steels is also demonstrated when testing their resistance to tarnishing in an aggressive laboratory atmosphere using a 10-% NaCl solution and when they are subjected to the effects of artificial sweat.
In another aspect this invention provides use of a l0 stratified composite according to the invention, as a material for manufacturing embossed coins, tokens, chips, or related objects.
The present invention will be described in greater detail below on the basis of one embodiment:
A copper alloyed rust-resistant steel composed as follows (wt-%) was smelted:
Chromium 17.35 Nickel 10.25 Copper 3.65 Manganese 0.67 4a Silicon 0..'30 Carbon 0 . 014 Nitrogen 0.015 Sulphur 0.003 Phosphorus 0.012 Molybdenum 0.49 Titanium <0.010 Niobium 0.010 Aluminum 0 . 02 0 l0 Cobalt 0.01 Boron 0 . 0 0 2 with the remainder being made up of iron and such additives as may be required by the production process.
The steel was hot-rolled and then cold-rolled to form a strip 2.07 mm thick. Coin blanks 25.30 mm diameter were then punched out of the cold strip. These blanks were of the desired silvery-white colour.
After the edges had been milled, the diameter of the blanks was 24.85 mm. Each of these blanks weighed 8.10 g, and their density was 7.98 g/cm3. Their hardness could be adjusted to 117 HV30 by soft-annealing, which was done without any coarse-grain formation. As a result, they were easily embossed, as determined by embossing sample coins.
These coins were comparfsd with coins of X 6 Cr 17 and X 5 CrNi 18 12 rust-resistani~ steels, which are conventionally used as coinage mai~erials, in a 24-hour drum test; the weight losses for all three materials was 0.1%.
Coins manufactured from the CuAl6rfi2 copper material usually used exhibited losses that were three times as great.
During corrosion testing in an aggressive laboratory containing 10-% NaCl solution, when acted upon by artificial sweat, the changes to the new coinage material was insignificant after three weeks.
Strips of this steel were plated onto both sides of the X 6 Cr 17, the thickness of the layer being, in each instance, 20% of the total thickness. The result was the reliable differentiability from o~~her coins and counterfeits in the coin-testing machines used today.
One further characteristic of the present invention is that the new coinage material that is proposed herein is characterized in that it is easily recycled if today's steel-making technologies are used; this is so not only when it is used as a single component, but also if it is used, together with a ferritic chromium steel, a;s one component of a composite material.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a rust-resistant material that, compared to the prior art, may be more easily embossed and is perceived as being white or silvery and which can be processed to form coins that can be used in today~s coin testing machines so as to be reliably and consistently distinguished from other coins and counterfeits.
In one aspect, this invention provides a composite stratified material for coins, tokens, chips, and related objects, comprising a core layer of a ferritic chromium steel that is plated on both sides with a layer of steel, characterized in that the steel used to plate the core layer consists of the following (wt-%) Chromium 16.0 to 18.0 Nickel 10.0 to 12.0 Copper 3.5 to 4.5 with the remainder being made up of iron and such additives as may be required by the production process, and additionally one or more of the following elements (in wt-%):
Manganese max. 1.5 Silicon max. 0.4 Carbon max. 0.02 Nitrogen max. 0.02 Sulphur max. 0.01 Phosphorus max. 0.03 Molybdenum max. 1.0 Titanium max. 0.03 Niobium max. 0.05 Aluminum max. 0.1 Cobalt max. 0.3 Boron max. 0.003.
It is preferable that the thickness of the layer that is plated on is 10 to 30% of the total thickness of the composite stratified material.
Surprisingly, it has been found that in the soft-annealed state, a composite stratified material of a steel of this type is of the desired colour, which is perceived as white or silver, and is of a hardness that can be kept well below 140 HV30 and normally even below 120 HV30.
These stainless steels, which on average have hardness values some 20% lower than those that are used for coin blanks, in the prior art, produce a much deeper and more plastic impression. Despite this, the abrasion resistance of these new coinage materials, as determined in by drum testing of sample coins, is comparable to that of X 6 Cr 17 and X 5 CrNi 18 12 stainless steels, and about three times greater than that of conventional coinage materials such as CuA16Ni2 that are based on copper.
It is preferable that the core layer of the composite stratified material of this invention is X 6 Cr 17 steel.
This comparability with other stainless steels is also demonstrated when testing their resistance to tarnishing in an aggressive laboratory atmosphere using a 10-% NaCl solution and when they are subjected to the effects of artificial sweat.
In another aspect this invention provides use of a l0 stratified composite according to the invention, as a material for manufacturing embossed coins, tokens, chips, or related objects.
The present invention will be described in greater detail below on the basis of one embodiment:
A copper alloyed rust-resistant steel composed as follows (wt-%) was smelted:
Chromium 17.35 Nickel 10.25 Copper 3.65 Manganese 0.67 4a Silicon 0..'30 Carbon 0 . 014 Nitrogen 0.015 Sulphur 0.003 Phosphorus 0.012 Molybdenum 0.49 Titanium <0.010 Niobium 0.010 Aluminum 0 . 02 0 l0 Cobalt 0.01 Boron 0 . 0 0 2 with the remainder being made up of iron and such additives as may be required by the production process.
The steel was hot-rolled and then cold-rolled to form a strip 2.07 mm thick. Coin blanks 25.30 mm diameter were then punched out of the cold strip. These blanks were of the desired silvery-white colour.
After the edges had been milled, the diameter of the blanks was 24.85 mm. Each of these blanks weighed 8.10 g, and their density was 7.98 g/cm3. Their hardness could be adjusted to 117 HV30 by soft-annealing, which was done without any coarse-grain formation. As a result, they were easily embossed, as determined by embossing sample coins.
These coins were comparfsd with coins of X 6 Cr 17 and X 5 CrNi 18 12 rust-resistani~ steels, which are conventionally used as coinage mai~erials, in a 24-hour drum test; the weight losses for all three materials was 0.1%.
Coins manufactured from the CuAl6rfi2 copper material usually used exhibited losses that were three times as great.
During corrosion testing in an aggressive laboratory containing 10-% NaCl solution, when acted upon by artificial sweat, the changes to the new coinage material was insignificant after three weeks.
Strips of this steel were plated onto both sides of the X 6 Cr 17, the thickness of the layer being, in each instance, 20% of the total thickness. The result was the reliable differentiability from o~~her coins and counterfeits in the coin-testing machines used today.
One further characteristic of the present invention is that the new coinage material that is proposed herein is characterized in that it is easily recycled if today's steel-making technologies are used; this is so not only when it is used as a single component, but also if it is used, together with a ferritic chromium steel, a;s one component of a composite material.
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A composite stratified material for coins, tokens, chips, and related objects, comprising a core layer of a ferritic chromium steel that is plated on both sides with a layer of steel, characterized in that the steel used to plate the core layer consists of the following (wt-%) Chromium 16.0 to 18.0 Nickel 10.0 to 12.0 Copper 3.5 to 4.5 with the remainder being made up of iron and such additives as may be required by the production process, and additionally one or more of the following elements (in wt-%):
Manganese max. 1.5 Silicon max. 0.4 Carbon max. 0.02 Nitrogen max. 0.02 Sulphur max. 0.01 Phosphorus max. 0.03 Molybdenum max. 1.0 Titanium max. 0.03 Niobium max. 0.05 Aluminum max. 0.1 Cobalt max. 0.3 Boron max. 0.003.
Manganese max. 1.5 Silicon max. 0.4 Carbon max. 0.02 Nitrogen max. 0.02 Sulphur max. 0.01 Phosphorus max. 0.03 Molybdenum max. 1.0 Titanium max. 0.03 Niobium max. 0.05 Aluminum max. 0.1 Cobalt max. 0.3 Boron max. 0.003.
2. A composite stratified material as defined in Claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the layers that are plated on is 10 to 30% of the total thickness of the composite stratified material.
3. A composite stratified material as defined in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the core layer is of X 6 Cr 17 steel.
4. Use of a stratified composite as defined in Claim 1, 2, or 3, as a material for manufacturing embossed coins, tokens, chips, or related objects.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19646657.1 | 1996-11-12 | ||
| DE19646657A DE19646657C1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | Copper-containing stainless steel clad laminate |
| PCT/EP1997/006234 WO1998021028A1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1997-11-10 | Composite stratified material and its use for coins |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2271654A1 CA2271654A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
| CA2271654C true CA2271654C (en) | 2004-09-21 |
Family
ID=7811393
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002271654A Expired - Fee Related CA2271654C (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1997-11-10 | Composite stratified material and use thereof for coinage |
Country Status (25)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0946357B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001504255A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100470362B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1108921C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR010566A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE199349T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5480598A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9713028A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2271654C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ169299A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19646657C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2156010T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3035497T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1024887A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU221564B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL129887A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO315507B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ330771A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL186555B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT946357E (en) |
| SK (1) | SK282711B6 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW454044B (en) |
| UY (1) | UY24768A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998021028A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA979378B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7981561B2 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2011-07-19 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells and ferritic stainless steels adapted for use with solid oxide fuel cells |
| AU2009202339C1 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2012-03-22 | Monnaie Royale Canadienne/ Royal Canadian Mint | Control of electromagnetic signals of coins by multi-ply plating technology |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2775520A (en) * | 1951-11-05 | 1956-12-25 | Armco Steel Corp | Cold-stamped articles |
| US3607147A (en) * | 1969-09-17 | 1971-09-21 | Franklin Mint Inc | Bimetallic coin |
| DE3817657A1 (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1989-12-07 | Vdm Nickel Tech | LAYER COMPOSITE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COINS |
| CN1065426A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1992-10-21 | 谢尔里特·戈登矿有限公司 | The electroplated blank that is used for coin, medal and souvenir badge |
| CA2019568C (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1998-11-24 | Hieu C. Truong | Coins coated with nickel, copper and nickel and process for making such coins |
| JPH0466651A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-03-03 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Non-magnetic material for coin excellent in coining property and wear resistance |
-
1996
- 1996-11-12 DE DE19646657A patent/DE19646657C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-20 ZA ZA9709378A patent/ZA979378B/en unknown
- 1997-10-31 UY UY24768A patent/UY24768A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 BR BR9713028-1A patent/BR9713028A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 AT AT97951159T patent/ATE199349T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 IL IL12988797A patent/IL129887A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 CN CN97198706A patent/CN1108921C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-10 CA CA002271654A patent/CA2271654C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-10 AU AU54805/98A patent/AU5480598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-10 WO PCT/EP1997/006234 patent/WO1998021028A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-10 CZ CZ991692A patent/CZ169299A3/en unknown
- 1997-11-10 SK SK624-99A patent/SK282711B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 DE DE59703080T patent/DE59703080D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-10 HU HU9902015A patent/HU221564B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 PT PT97951159T patent/PT946357E/en unknown
- 1997-11-10 ES ES97951159T patent/ES2156010T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-10 KR KR10-1999-7004150A patent/KR100470362B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 NZ NZ330771A patent/NZ330771A/en unknown
- 1997-11-10 PL PL97333330A patent/PL186555B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-10 JP JP52215498A patent/JP2001504255A/en active Pending
- 1997-11-10 EP EP97951159A patent/EP0946357B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-11 TW TW086116811A patent/TW454044B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-11 AR ARP970105241A patent/AR010566A1/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-04-26 NO NO19991973A patent/NO315507B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-04-06 HK HK00102130A patent/HK1024887A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-03-01 GR GR20010400280T patent/GR3035497T3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |