CA2263046A1 - Transformer oil - Google Patents
Transformer oil Download PDFInfo
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- CA2263046A1 CA2263046A1 CA002263046A CA2263046A CA2263046A1 CA 2263046 A1 CA2263046 A1 CA 2263046A1 CA 002263046 A CA002263046 A CA 002263046A CA 2263046 A CA2263046 A CA 2263046A CA 2263046 A1 CA2263046 A1 CA 2263046A1
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- gassing
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- transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
- H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M127/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon
- C10M127/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon well-defined aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
A transformer oil comprises a base stock and a non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound having at lest one hydrogen donor.
Description
Title: TRANSFORMER OIL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to oils for use in transformers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventional transformer oils are typically manufactured from vacuum gas oil fractions derived from naphthenic erodes and in particular light naphthenic distillates.
(~60N). Although transformer oils made from naphthenic erodes perform adequately, they suffer from poor biodegradability and eco-toxicity. Paraffinic erodes, hydroprocessed oils and synthetic fluids such as poly-alpha-olefins and others are more environmentally friendly and less toxic. Paraffinic erodes and synthetics also exhibit enhanced oxidative and electrical properties. Therefore, they would be preferred basis for the manufacture of transformer oils.
Unfortunately, it has not been possible to formulate transformer oils using such base stocks because they do not perform adequately in the ASTM D2300b hydrogen gassing test.
Commercially available naphthenic transformer oils exhibit negative hydrogen gassing tendencies whereas paraffinic, hydroprocessed and synthetic based transformer oils exhibit positive hydrogen gassing values. Consequently naphthenic based transformer oils are currently preferred because in the event that hydrogen is evolved due to electrical stress they would tend to absorb the evolved hydrogen thus reducing the chances of an explosion.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has now been discovered that is possible to manufacture transformer oils from base stocks comprising paraffinic erodes, hydrocracked oils and from synthetics with enhanced hydrogen gassing properties through the addition of an additive. In terms of its chemical structure, the general class of additives that are effective at improving (i.e. lowering) the hydrogen gassing value are hydrogen donor molecules, that is, compounds which incorporate within them labile hydrogen atoms.
Surprisingly, purely aromatic compounds such as naphthalene do not effect the hydrogen gassing value. Accordingly, the additive may be any compound which is a hydrogen donor other than a pure aromatic compound , i.e. a non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound.
Examples of such compounds include dihydrophenanthrene, phenyl ortho xylyl ethane, Agent 791TM
(alkylated benzene), Dowtherm RPTM (tetrahydro-5-(1-phenylethyl)-naphthalene, Mobil MCP 917TM (alkylated naphthalene), acenaphthene, tetrahydronaphthalene and, tetrahydroquinoline.
Preferably, such compounds are selected from the group consisting of acenaphthene, tetrahydronaphthalene and tetrahydroquinoline.
Without being limited by theory, it is believed that in use transformer oils are subject to high electrical stresses which cause bonds to break in the transformer oil base stock. Without the hydrogen donor additive of the invention, hydrogen is evolved from the transformer oil. In the presence of the additive, the availability of hydrogen from the additive causes alternate compounds to form and thus reduce the amount of hydrogen which is evolved from the transformer oil.
These hydrogen donor molecules may be added to the base oil in amounts from 0.1 to 10 wt. % based on the weight of the transformer oil, preferably from about 1 to 2 wt. %.
Since only a small amount of the additive is required, the additive itself does not have a significant negative effect on the human and eco-toxicological properties of the inherently good human and eco-toxicological properties of paraffinic, hydrocracked and synthetic fluids.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to oils for use in transformers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventional transformer oils are typically manufactured from vacuum gas oil fractions derived from naphthenic erodes and in particular light naphthenic distillates.
(~60N). Although transformer oils made from naphthenic erodes perform adequately, they suffer from poor biodegradability and eco-toxicity. Paraffinic erodes, hydroprocessed oils and synthetic fluids such as poly-alpha-olefins and others are more environmentally friendly and less toxic. Paraffinic erodes and synthetics also exhibit enhanced oxidative and electrical properties. Therefore, they would be preferred basis for the manufacture of transformer oils.
Unfortunately, it has not been possible to formulate transformer oils using such base stocks because they do not perform adequately in the ASTM D2300b hydrogen gassing test.
Commercially available naphthenic transformer oils exhibit negative hydrogen gassing tendencies whereas paraffinic, hydroprocessed and synthetic based transformer oils exhibit positive hydrogen gassing values. Consequently naphthenic based transformer oils are currently preferred because in the event that hydrogen is evolved due to electrical stress they would tend to absorb the evolved hydrogen thus reducing the chances of an explosion.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has now been discovered that is possible to manufacture transformer oils from base stocks comprising paraffinic erodes, hydrocracked oils and from synthetics with enhanced hydrogen gassing properties through the addition of an additive. In terms of its chemical structure, the general class of additives that are effective at improving (i.e. lowering) the hydrogen gassing value are hydrogen donor molecules, that is, compounds which incorporate within them labile hydrogen atoms.
Surprisingly, purely aromatic compounds such as naphthalene do not effect the hydrogen gassing value. Accordingly, the additive may be any compound which is a hydrogen donor other than a pure aromatic compound , i.e. a non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound.
Examples of such compounds include dihydrophenanthrene, phenyl ortho xylyl ethane, Agent 791TM
(alkylated benzene), Dowtherm RPTM (tetrahydro-5-(1-phenylethyl)-naphthalene, Mobil MCP 917TM (alkylated naphthalene), acenaphthene, tetrahydronaphthalene and, tetrahydroquinoline.
Preferably, such compounds are selected from the group consisting of acenaphthene, tetrahydronaphthalene and tetrahydroquinoline.
Without being limited by theory, it is believed that in use transformer oils are subject to high electrical stresses which cause bonds to break in the transformer oil base stock. Without the hydrogen donor additive of the invention, hydrogen is evolved from the transformer oil. In the presence of the additive, the availability of hydrogen from the additive causes alternate compounds to form and thus reduce the amount of hydrogen which is evolved from the transformer oil.
These hydrogen donor molecules may be added to the base oil in amounts from 0.1 to 10 wt. % based on the weight of the transformer oil, preferably from about 1 to 2 wt. %.
Since only a small amount of the additive is required, the additive itself does not have a significant negative effect on the human and eco-toxicological properties of the inherently good human and eco-toxicological properties of paraffinic, hydrocracked and synthetic fluids.
Additionally, the addition of the hydrogen gas suppressing additive to paraffinic, hydroprocessed and synthetic base stocks does not have a negative impact on other physical, chemical and electrical attributes of the electrical fluid.
Fluids used in the preparation of transformer oils can be made using a variety of hydroprocessing technologies that are described in the literature. Hydroprocessing or hydrotreating involves the contacting of a hydrocarbon feedstock. Paraffinic feedstocks (i.e., those possessing a predominant amount of normal and iso-paraffins) are preferred since they respond well to hydroconversion. Thus paraffinic feedstocks possessing the appropriate physical attributes such as density, aromatics content, viscosity and volatility are contacted with a catalyst at elevated temperatures and pressures in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. The hydroprocessing conditions are adjusted to effectuate the conversion of polynuclear aromatics to smaller hydrogenated species, as well as the elimination of sulphur and nitrogen molecules. Typical hydroprocessing conditions are temperatures of 300 - 425°C, pressures of 600 - 4000 psig and liquid hourly space velocities of 0.1 to 5.0 hr-1. Catalyst used in the hydrotreating step include those based on sulfided group VIB and VIII metals.
Additionally, the hydrotreated product can be treated over a hydroisomerization rare earth catalyst for the purpose of converting the normal paraffins to iso-paraffins which has the benefit of lowering the pour point of the oil.
As a last step the hydrotreated or the sequentially hydrotreated - hydroisomerized oil can be finished by passing the oil over a hydrogenation catalyst at thermodynamically favorable conditions. Typically these conditions include high pressures (600 to 4000 psig) and temperatures lower than those used during the hydrotreating or hydroconversion step (220 - 330°C). Catalyst used in the hydrogenation step include those based on noble metals as well as those based on sulfided group VIB and VIII metals.
Example 1 A series of hydrogen donor additives were added to phoenix N65DWTn~t to form a transformer oil. Phoenix N65DWT"s is a base stock prepared by the sequential hydrotreatment, hydroisomerization and hydrogenation and subsequent atmospheric and vacuum distillation of a paraffinic vacuum bottoms feedstock. The test employed for the initial screening was the ASTM D2300B gassing test. The amount of the additive and the gassing level are set in Table 1.
List of additives and Gassing Values Feedstock: N65DW (657-0812) Additive Gassing Value, Additive Concentration, microUmin wt%
None 5t.7 0 Voltesso 35 (657-1207) -17.7 -Aoenaphthene -6 1 .4cenaphthene 3.7 0.5 Acenaphthalene (contains several-2 1 % Acenap Tetrahydronaphthalene -36.8 1 Tetrahydroquinoline -13.8 1 Dihydrophenanthrene 27.8 1 Phenyl ortho xylyl ethane 35.2 2 Agent 791 (aklylated Benzene)46.7 1 Dowtherm RP (Tetrahydro-5-(1-phenylethyl)38.9 1 -naphthalen Alkylated Naphthalene Mobil 39.2 1 MCP 9t7 Alkylated Naphthalene Mobil 40.2 1 The gassing tendency of Voltesso 35T"' (a commercially available transformer oil) was tested to be -17.7 ~L/min. As it is evident from Table 1 some of hydrogen donor type molecules, (i.e.
the partially hydrogenated molecules) had a significant effect on suppressing gassing while the purely aromatic molecules did not have an impact. This is a very interesting result since it was always assumed that good gassing performance was purely a function of the aromatics level. The compounds which performed best were acenaphthene, and tetralin. Addition of 1 to 2% of these compounds produced level gassing performance which approached or actually depressed below that observed with Voltesso 35TM.
Example 2 Two fully formulated oils were prepared and tested to determine whether they met the Ontario Hydro and the US ASTM
3239 requirements. One electrical oil was made with 2% tetralin in N65DWTM and the other was composed of a 1% acenaphthene in 50/50 mixture of N65DWTM and HT60TM. HT60 is a paraffinic high saturates white oil prepared by the sequential hydrotreating -solvent dewaxing - hydrogenation of a narrow cut paraffinic gas oil fraction. Solvent dewaxing is used to reduce the level of normal paraffins and as a consequence to lower the pour point of the oil.
The only other ingredients added to the oils were 0.08 wt.
DBPCTM and 0.07 wt. % Agent 27TM (Pearsol 100) pour point depressant. Results of the study are shown in Table 2.
Fluids used in the preparation of transformer oils can be made using a variety of hydroprocessing technologies that are described in the literature. Hydroprocessing or hydrotreating involves the contacting of a hydrocarbon feedstock. Paraffinic feedstocks (i.e., those possessing a predominant amount of normal and iso-paraffins) are preferred since they respond well to hydroconversion. Thus paraffinic feedstocks possessing the appropriate physical attributes such as density, aromatics content, viscosity and volatility are contacted with a catalyst at elevated temperatures and pressures in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. The hydroprocessing conditions are adjusted to effectuate the conversion of polynuclear aromatics to smaller hydrogenated species, as well as the elimination of sulphur and nitrogen molecules. Typical hydroprocessing conditions are temperatures of 300 - 425°C, pressures of 600 - 4000 psig and liquid hourly space velocities of 0.1 to 5.0 hr-1. Catalyst used in the hydrotreating step include those based on sulfided group VIB and VIII metals.
Additionally, the hydrotreated product can be treated over a hydroisomerization rare earth catalyst for the purpose of converting the normal paraffins to iso-paraffins which has the benefit of lowering the pour point of the oil.
As a last step the hydrotreated or the sequentially hydrotreated - hydroisomerized oil can be finished by passing the oil over a hydrogenation catalyst at thermodynamically favorable conditions. Typically these conditions include high pressures (600 to 4000 psig) and temperatures lower than those used during the hydrotreating or hydroconversion step (220 - 330°C). Catalyst used in the hydrogenation step include those based on noble metals as well as those based on sulfided group VIB and VIII metals.
Example 1 A series of hydrogen donor additives were added to phoenix N65DWTn~t to form a transformer oil. Phoenix N65DWT"s is a base stock prepared by the sequential hydrotreatment, hydroisomerization and hydrogenation and subsequent atmospheric and vacuum distillation of a paraffinic vacuum bottoms feedstock. The test employed for the initial screening was the ASTM D2300B gassing test. The amount of the additive and the gassing level are set in Table 1.
List of additives and Gassing Values Feedstock: N65DW (657-0812) Additive Gassing Value, Additive Concentration, microUmin wt%
None 5t.7 0 Voltesso 35 (657-1207) -17.7 -Aoenaphthene -6 1 .4cenaphthene 3.7 0.5 Acenaphthalene (contains several-2 1 % Acenap Tetrahydronaphthalene -36.8 1 Tetrahydroquinoline -13.8 1 Dihydrophenanthrene 27.8 1 Phenyl ortho xylyl ethane 35.2 2 Agent 791 (aklylated Benzene)46.7 1 Dowtherm RP (Tetrahydro-5-(1-phenylethyl)38.9 1 -naphthalen Alkylated Naphthalene Mobil 39.2 1 MCP 9t7 Alkylated Naphthalene Mobil 40.2 1 The gassing tendency of Voltesso 35T"' (a commercially available transformer oil) was tested to be -17.7 ~L/min. As it is evident from Table 1 some of hydrogen donor type molecules, (i.e.
the partially hydrogenated molecules) had a significant effect on suppressing gassing while the purely aromatic molecules did not have an impact. This is a very interesting result since it was always assumed that good gassing performance was purely a function of the aromatics level. The compounds which performed best were acenaphthene, and tetralin. Addition of 1 to 2% of these compounds produced level gassing performance which approached or actually depressed below that observed with Voltesso 35TM.
Example 2 Two fully formulated oils were prepared and tested to determine whether they met the Ontario Hydro and the US ASTM
3239 requirements. One electrical oil was made with 2% tetralin in N65DWTM and the other was composed of a 1% acenaphthene in 50/50 mixture of N65DWTM and HT60TM. HT60 is a paraffinic high saturates white oil prepared by the sequential hydrotreating -solvent dewaxing - hydrogenation of a narrow cut paraffinic gas oil fraction. Solvent dewaxing is used to reduce the level of normal paraffins and as a consequence to lower the pour point of the oil.
The only other ingredients added to the oils were 0.08 wt.
DBPCTM and 0.07 wt. % Agent 27TM (Pearsol 100) pour point depressant. Results of the study are shown in Table 2.
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_7_ As it can be seen, both formulations easily met all of the important physical property requirements. In addition 24 hour, 64 hour and 164 hour D2440 oxidation test results were either similar to or better than the results reported for Voltesso 35TM
There also appears to be significant performance benefits over Voltesso 35T"'' in many of the dielectric tests.
The gassing performance was -26.6 ~L/min for the tetralin case and -7.6 ~L/min for the acenaphthene case.
Example 3 To simulate a plant trial, two 4.lkV pad transformers were chosen. One unit was drained of Voltesso 35TH'', flushed and re-filled with 135 gallons of test fluid, while the other unit was drained and re-filled with 135 gallons of fresh Voltesso 35TM.
The test fluid was prepared using VHV 12 as a base stock. VHV12 is a severely hydrogenated and hydroisomerized oil, prepared by the sequential hydrotreatment, hydroisomerization and hydrogenation and subsequent atmospheric and vacuum distillation of a paraffinic vacuum bottoms feedstock. 0.08 wt.
DBPC antioxidant and 2 wt. % of tetrahydronaphthalene the anti-gassing additive) were added to the base stock. Prior to its use the test fluid was 'dried' by means of sparging with nitrogen gas for a period of about 1-hour. This had the effect of reducing the water content from > 50 ppm to < 35 ppm (which is standard for most electrical oils), while at the same time increasing the dielectric power factor to >40kV. The physical properties of the finished product are shown in Table 3.
-s-Syaeclfications 658.0598 SSA Class B
Ink Anti-Gassing Additive, % 1.94 DBPC, % 0.074 VHVI 2 (970510) 97.986 Density, 15C, kglt. D4052 0.8718 0.906 0.91 Viscosity@100C, cSt D445 2.35 Viscosity@40C, D445 8.186 12 max 12 max cSt Viscosity@-40C, cSt D445 1627 6000 max Pour, C D97 -45 -40 max -40 max Flash, C, COC D92 166 145 min 145 min Colour D1500 <0 5 0.5 max 0.5 max The condition of the transformer unit was evaluated every few weeks. The evaluation included routine gas analysis and electrical test, D2300 hydrogen gassing tendency, and D2440 oxidation stability (Q76h & 164h).
The electrical loading and performance of two transformers was continuously monitored. Analysis of the data indicates that the two transformers operated 'normally' over the period of the test run.
The gassing results are shown in Table 4. The results show that gassing tendency of the test fluid is significantly lower than Voltesso 35TM and that, the gassing values remained relatively constant over time. Additionally, the results suggest that the concentration of the anti-gassing additive can be reduced from 2 wt.
to a lower value.
Results of the 76 hour and 164 hour D2440 tests are shown in Table 5. As expected, the oxidation stability of the test fluid is exceptionally good. In fact it is so good that it passes the CSA/ASTM oxidation requirements for uninhibited and inhibited electrical oils which can contain up to 0.4% DBPC. Electrical oils containing 0.08 wt. % and less DBPC are considered to be uninhibited. Conversely, Voltesso 35 only meets the oxidation requirements for uninhibited oils.
The biodegradability of the fully formulated test electrical oil was evaluated using the standard OECD 301B test. The result of the 28-day test was 60%, which signifies that it can be classified as readily biodegradable.
Gassing Tendenc~r of Test Fluid date 08-Jun-98 30-Jun-98 05-Aug-98 02-Sep-98 08-Jun-98 30-Jun-98 05-Aua-98 02-See-9~
Sample # 658-0764 658-0840 658-0949 658-1044 Gassing Tendency, microUmin -41.2 -46 -37.3 -51.6 Gassing Tendency of Voltesso 35 Electrical Fluid Oate Q8-Jun-98 30-Jun-98 O5-Aua-98 Q$
Sample # 658-0765 658-0839 658-0950 658-1045 Gassing Tendency, microUmin -» '»~7 -12 D2440 Of Test Fluid Oxidation Stabilit;~
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_7_ As it can be seen, both formulations easily met all of the important physical property requirements. In addition 24 hour, 64 hour and 164 hour D2440 oxidation test results were either similar to or better than the results reported for Voltesso 35TM
There also appears to be significant performance benefits over Voltesso 35T"'' in many of the dielectric tests.
The gassing performance was -26.6 ~L/min for the tetralin case and -7.6 ~L/min for the acenaphthene case.
Example 3 To simulate a plant trial, two 4.lkV pad transformers were chosen. One unit was drained of Voltesso 35TH'', flushed and re-filled with 135 gallons of test fluid, while the other unit was drained and re-filled with 135 gallons of fresh Voltesso 35TM.
The test fluid was prepared using VHV 12 as a base stock. VHV12 is a severely hydrogenated and hydroisomerized oil, prepared by the sequential hydrotreatment, hydroisomerization and hydrogenation and subsequent atmospheric and vacuum distillation of a paraffinic vacuum bottoms feedstock. 0.08 wt.
DBPC antioxidant and 2 wt. % of tetrahydronaphthalene the anti-gassing additive) were added to the base stock. Prior to its use the test fluid was 'dried' by means of sparging with nitrogen gas for a period of about 1-hour. This had the effect of reducing the water content from > 50 ppm to < 35 ppm (which is standard for most electrical oils), while at the same time increasing the dielectric power factor to >40kV. The physical properties of the finished product are shown in Table 3.
-s-Syaeclfications 658.0598 SSA Class B
Ink Anti-Gassing Additive, % 1.94 DBPC, % 0.074 VHVI 2 (970510) 97.986 Density, 15C, kglt. D4052 0.8718 0.906 0.91 Viscosity@100C, cSt D445 2.35 Viscosity@40C, D445 8.186 12 max 12 max cSt Viscosity@-40C, cSt D445 1627 6000 max Pour, C D97 -45 -40 max -40 max Flash, C, COC D92 166 145 min 145 min Colour D1500 <0 5 0.5 max 0.5 max The condition of the transformer unit was evaluated every few weeks. The evaluation included routine gas analysis and electrical test, D2300 hydrogen gassing tendency, and D2440 oxidation stability (Q76h & 164h).
The electrical loading and performance of two transformers was continuously monitored. Analysis of the data indicates that the two transformers operated 'normally' over the period of the test run.
The gassing results are shown in Table 4. The results show that gassing tendency of the test fluid is significantly lower than Voltesso 35TM and that, the gassing values remained relatively constant over time. Additionally, the results suggest that the concentration of the anti-gassing additive can be reduced from 2 wt.
to a lower value.
Results of the 76 hour and 164 hour D2440 tests are shown in Table 5. As expected, the oxidation stability of the test fluid is exceptionally good. In fact it is so good that it passes the CSA/ASTM oxidation requirements for uninhibited and inhibited electrical oils which can contain up to 0.4% DBPC. Electrical oils containing 0.08 wt. % and less DBPC are considered to be uninhibited. Conversely, Voltesso 35 only meets the oxidation requirements for uninhibited oils.
The biodegradability of the fully formulated test electrical oil was evaluated using the standard OECD 301B test. The result of the 28-day test was 60%, which signifies that it can be classified as readily biodegradable.
Gassing Tendenc~r of Test Fluid date 08-Jun-98 30-Jun-98 05-Aug-98 02-Sep-98 08-Jun-98 30-Jun-98 05-Aua-98 02-See-9~
Sample # 658-0764 658-0840 658-0949 658-1044 Gassing Tendency, microUmin -41.2 -46 -37.3 -51.6 Gassing Tendency of Voltesso 35 Electrical Fluid Oate Q8-Jun-98 30-Jun-98 O5-Aua-98 Q$
Sample # 658-0765 658-0839 658-0950 658-1045 Gassing Tendency, microUmin -» '»~7 -12 D2440 Of Test Fluid Oxidation Stabilit;~
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Claims (10)
1. A transformer oil comprising:
(a) a base stock; and, (b) a non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound having at lest one hydrogen donor.
(a) a base stock; and, (b) a non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound having at lest one hydrogen donor.
2. The transformer oil as claimed in claim 1 wherein the base stock is prepared from paraffinic crude oil, hydrocracked oil, synthetic oil or a mixture thereof.
3. The transformer oil as claimed in claim 1 wherein the non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound is a substituted aromatic compound.
4. The transformer oil as claimed in claim 3 wherein the substituted aromatic compound is napthalene or quinoline.
5. The transformer oil as claimed in claim 1 wherein from about 0.1 to about 10% of the non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound is added.
6. A process for reducing the hydrogen gas evolved from a transformer oil comprising adding a non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound having at least one hydrogen donor to the transformer oil.
7. The process as claimed in claim 6 wherein the transformer oil is prepared from paraffinic crude oil, hydrocracked oil, synthetic oil or a mixture thereof.
8. The process as claimed in claim 6 wherein the non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound is a substituted aromatic compound.
9. The process as claimed in claim 8 wherein the substituted aromatic compound is napthalene or quinoline.
10. The process as claimed in claim 6 wherein from about 0.1 to about 10% of the non-unsaturated, unsubstituted compound is added.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002263046A CA2263046A1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 1999-02-25 | Transformer oil |
| CA002299516A CA2299516A1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-25 | Dielectric fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002263046A CA2263046A1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 1999-02-25 | Transformer oil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2263046A1 true CA2263046A1 (en) | 2000-08-25 |
Family
ID=29555220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002263046A Abandoned CA2263046A1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 1999-02-25 | Transformer oil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2263046A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7358249B2 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2008-04-15 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Heterocyclic compounds having inhibitory activity against HIV integrase |
| WO2015122830A1 (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-08-20 | Nynas Ab (Publ) | Use of certain aromatic compounds as additives to a dielectric liquid for re-ducing the viscosity thereof |
-
1999
- 1999-02-25 CA CA002263046A patent/CA2263046A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7358249B2 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2008-04-15 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Heterocyclic compounds having inhibitory activity against HIV integrase |
| WO2015122830A1 (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-08-20 | Nynas Ab (Publ) | Use of certain aromatic compounds as additives to a dielectric liquid for re-ducing the viscosity thereof |
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