CA2261971A1 - Biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable foil - Google Patents
Biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable foil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2261971A1 CA2261971A1 CA002261971A CA2261971A CA2261971A1 CA 2261971 A1 CA2261971 A1 CA 2261971A1 CA 002261971 A CA002261971 A CA 002261971A CA 2261971 A CA2261971 A CA 2261971A CA 2261971 A1 CA2261971 A1 CA 2261971A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- film
- optionally
- acids
- stretching
- bifunctional
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
- C08L69/005—Polyester-carbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
- B32B2307/518—Oriented bi-axially
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/716—Degradable
- B32B2307/7163—Biodegradable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2553/00—Packaging equipment or accessories not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2377/12—Polyester-amides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Abstract
A foil with a biaxial orientation consists of one or several polymers which are all biologically degradable and compostable, and possibly of additional additives for improving its processability.
Description
~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-ForeigllJ Br/by/S-P
Biaxially stretched, bio~f,~l d~ble and ~ ompostible film having improved properties The invention relates to a biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostible film.
It is known that certain polymeric mate rials may be subject to biological degradation. Materials to be mentioned 1 ere are mainly those obtained from naturally occurring polymers, directly o- after modification, for example polyhydroxy alkanoates such as polyhydrox~ butyrate, plastic celluloses, cellulose 10 esters, plastic starches, chitosan and pullulan Purposeful variation of the polymer composition or of the stucts, such as is desira ble from the point of view of polymer application, is only possible with difficulty and often in very limited manner by reason of the natural synthesis process.
15 Many synthetic polymers, on the other hand, ;~re not attacked by micro-org~ni~m~ or are only attacked extremely slowly. Mai nly synthetic polymers that contain heteroatoms in the principal chain are regar,led as potentially biodegradable. An important class within these materials is rep~esented by the polyesters. Although synthetic raw materials that contain only aliphatic monomers exhibit relatively good 20 biodegradability, by reason of their material )roperties they can be used only to an extremely limited extent; cf. Witt et al in Macrom. Chem. Phys. 195 (1994) pp 793 -802. In comparison, aromatic polyesters, whilst having good material properties,show clearly impaired biodegradability.
25 In recent years various biodegradable polym~rs have become known (see DE 44 32 161). These have the property that they can be readily worked thermoplastically and, on the other hand, are biodegradable - ie, their entire polymer chain is dissociated by micro-org:~ni~m~ (bacteria and moulds) with the aid of enzymes and is totally degraded into carbon dioxide, wate- and biomass. An al~propliate test in 30 the natural environment subject to the actior of micro-org~ni~m~ such as prevails, ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign inter alia, in a compost is given, inter alia, in DIN 54 900. By reason of theirthermoplastic behaviour these biodegradable materials can be processed into semi-finished products such as cast or blown films Nevertheless, the use of these semi-finished products is greatly restricted. ~ )n the one hand, these films are 5 distinguished by poor mechanical properties and, on the other hand, the physical sealing properties with respect to water ~apour and gases are very poor in comparison with films consisting of typical ~ ut non-biodegradable plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide.
10 The present invention provides a process for producing a biodegradable and compostible film having improved mechani~al and optical properties as well as superior barrier properties. This objective is achieved by a biodegradable and compostible polymer or a mixture of several F olymers which are each biodegradable and compostible being subjected to biaxial crientation. The terms "biodegradable15 and compostible polymers or films" in th~ sense of the invention are to be understood to mean materials that, correspor ding to the test according to DIN 54 900 from the draft dated 1996, are tested as ha ving "biodegradability".
For the inventor it was surprising that these biodegradable polymers, in addition to 20 their thermoplastic processing, can also be biaxially oriented and that, as a result of this orientation process, the physical properti~ s of the film can be clearly improved.
These include a clear increase in strength, an improvement in the optical properties and also an increased barrier effect of the film 25 The invention provides a film that exhibits a biaxial orientation and consists of one or more polymers, all of which are biodegrada ble and compostible, and also possibly contains additional additives for improving ~rocessability. The biaxial orientation takes place in the case of amorphous thermop astics in temperature ranges above the glass transition temperature and, in the case ~f partially crystalline thermoplastics, 30 below the crystallite melting-temperature.
~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign The invention provides furthermore the use of certain biodegradable and compostible polymers or a mixture of these pc lymers for producing the film.
Suitable as polymers are:
Aliphatic and partially aromatic polyesters for med from A) linear bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, hexanediol or, preferably, butanediol, and/or, optionall y, cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyclohexanedimethanol, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher function 11ity, for example 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also from linear b if unctional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, andlor, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example cyclohexanedicarboxylic a cid, and/or, optionally, aromatic bifunctional acids, for example terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid or naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality, for examp e trimellitic acid, or B) from acid-functionalised and alcoho ~-functionalised structural units, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydrox ~valeric acid or derivatives thereof, for example ~-caprolactone, or from a mixture or a copolymer of A and B
whereby the aromatic acids make up a propol tion of no more than 50 wt-%, relative to all acids.
The acids may also be employed in the f)rm of derivatives, for example acid chlorides or esters.
Aliphatic polyester urethanes formed from ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign C) an ester portion formed from linear biful ctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, prefel ably butanediol, and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyclohexanedimethanol, and, optionally in addition, small quantities ~ ~f alcohols of higher functionality, for example 1,2,3-propanetriol or neope ltyl glycol, and also from linear bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic ~ if unctional acids, for example cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and te ephthalic acid, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids c f higher functionality, for example trimellitic acid, or D) from an ester portion formed from acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units, for example hydroxybutyric acid and hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives there( f, for example ~:-caprolactone, or from a mixture or a copolymer of C) and D' and E) from the reaction product of C) and/or ] )) with aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional isocyanates and, optional]y in addition, isocyanates of higher functionality, for example tetrametl.ylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, ~.nd, optionally in addition, with linearand/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional a: cohols and/or alcohols of higher functionality, for example ethylene glyeol, butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, whereby the ester portion C) and/or D) amou ItS to at least 75 wt-%, relative to the sum of C), D) and E).
30 Aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates forme d from ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign F) an ester portion formed from linear bifu utional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, preferably butanediol, and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyc]ohexanedimethanol, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher functionality, for example S 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, Ind also from linear bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic 2cid, and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example cycloh~ xanedicarboxylic acid, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality, for example trimellitic acid, or G) from an ester portion formed fro n acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives there )f, for example ~-caprolactone, or from a mixture or a copolymer of F) and G I and H) from a carbonate portion which is produced from aromatic bifunctional phenols, preferably bisphenol A, and ca bonate donors, for example phosgene, whereby the ester portion F) andlor G) amo~ nts to at least 70 wt-%, relative to the sum of F), G) and H).
Aliphatic polyester amides formed from 25 I) an ester portion formed from linear andl or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, hexanedi~l or butanediol, preferably butanediol or cyclohexanedimethanol, and, optiolally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher functionality, for e~ample 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also from linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid, adipic acid, cy,,lohe~ne-licarboxylic acid, preferably ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign adipic acid and, optionally in additiol, small quantities of acids of higher functionality, for example trimellitic ac d, or K) from an ester portion formed frc m acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives ther~ of, for example ~-caprolactone, or from a mixture or a copolymer of I) and K and 10 L) from an amide portion fornaed from lilear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional amines and, optionally in addition, ~mall quantities of amines of higher functionality, for example tetramethyl~ne diamine, hexamethylene diamine, isophorone diamine, and also from linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and, optionally in addition, ~ mall quantities of acids of higher functionality, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, or M) from an amide portion formed fr ~m acid-functionalised and amine-functionalised structural units, prefer lbly cl)-laurolactam and, particulaLrly preferred, ~-caprolactam, or from a mixture of L) and M) as amide porti on, whereby the ester portion I) and/or K) amoults to at least 30 wt-%, relative to the sum of I), K), L) and M).
The biodegradable and compostible raw mate ials according to the invention may be furnished with processing aids and additives ~ uch as, for example, nucleation agents (for example, 1 ,5-naphthalenedisodium sulfon ate), stabilisers or lubricants.
30 The invention provides furthermore the us of a certain material class of the biodegradable and compostible polymers for producing the film, it being a question, ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign with this material class, of polyester amide. I 1 this connection the film according to the invention may be produced from a polyes er amide or from a mixture of various polyester amides.
Biaxially stretched, bio~f,~l d~ble and ~ ompostible film having improved properties The invention relates to a biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostible film.
It is known that certain polymeric mate rials may be subject to biological degradation. Materials to be mentioned 1 ere are mainly those obtained from naturally occurring polymers, directly o- after modification, for example polyhydroxy alkanoates such as polyhydrox~ butyrate, plastic celluloses, cellulose 10 esters, plastic starches, chitosan and pullulan Purposeful variation of the polymer composition or of the stucts, such as is desira ble from the point of view of polymer application, is only possible with difficulty and often in very limited manner by reason of the natural synthesis process.
15 Many synthetic polymers, on the other hand, ;~re not attacked by micro-org~ni~m~ or are only attacked extremely slowly. Mai nly synthetic polymers that contain heteroatoms in the principal chain are regar,led as potentially biodegradable. An important class within these materials is rep~esented by the polyesters. Although synthetic raw materials that contain only aliphatic monomers exhibit relatively good 20 biodegradability, by reason of their material )roperties they can be used only to an extremely limited extent; cf. Witt et al in Macrom. Chem. Phys. 195 (1994) pp 793 -802. In comparison, aromatic polyesters, whilst having good material properties,show clearly impaired biodegradability.
25 In recent years various biodegradable polym~rs have become known (see DE 44 32 161). These have the property that they can be readily worked thermoplastically and, on the other hand, are biodegradable - ie, their entire polymer chain is dissociated by micro-org:~ni~m~ (bacteria and moulds) with the aid of enzymes and is totally degraded into carbon dioxide, wate- and biomass. An al~propliate test in 30 the natural environment subject to the actior of micro-org~ni~m~ such as prevails, ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign inter alia, in a compost is given, inter alia, in DIN 54 900. By reason of theirthermoplastic behaviour these biodegradable materials can be processed into semi-finished products such as cast or blown films Nevertheless, the use of these semi-finished products is greatly restricted. ~ )n the one hand, these films are 5 distinguished by poor mechanical properties and, on the other hand, the physical sealing properties with respect to water ~apour and gases are very poor in comparison with films consisting of typical ~ ut non-biodegradable plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide.
10 The present invention provides a process for producing a biodegradable and compostible film having improved mechani~al and optical properties as well as superior barrier properties. This objective is achieved by a biodegradable and compostible polymer or a mixture of several F olymers which are each biodegradable and compostible being subjected to biaxial crientation. The terms "biodegradable15 and compostible polymers or films" in th~ sense of the invention are to be understood to mean materials that, correspor ding to the test according to DIN 54 900 from the draft dated 1996, are tested as ha ving "biodegradability".
For the inventor it was surprising that these biodegradable polymers, in addition to 20 their thermoplastic processing, can also be biaxially oriented and that, as a result of this orientation process, the physical properti~ s of the film can be clearly improved.
These include a clear increase in strength, an improvement in the optical properties and also an increased barrier effect of the film 25 The invention provides a film that exhibits a biaxial orientation and consists of one or more polymers, all of which are biodegrada ble and compostible, and also possibly contains additional additives for improving ~rocessability. The biaxial orientation takes place in the case of amorphous thermop astics in temperature ranges above the glass transition temperature and, in the case ~f partially crystalline thermoplastics, 30 below the crystallite melting-temperature.
~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign The invention provides furthermore the use of certain biodegradable and compostible polymers or a mixture of these pc lymers for producing the film.
Suitable as polymers are:
Aliphatic and partially aromatic polyesters for med from A) linear bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, hexanediol or, preferably, butanediol, and/or, optionall y, cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyclohexanedimethanol, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher function 11ity, for example 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also from linear b if unctional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, andlor, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example cyclohexanedicarboxylic a cid, and/or, optionally, aromatic bifunctional acids, for example terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid or naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality, for examp e trimellitic acid, or B) from acid-functionalised and alcoho ~-functionalised structural units, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydrox ~valeric acid or derivatives thereof, for example ~-caprolactone, or from a mixture or a copolymer of A and B
whereby the aromatic acids make up a propol tion of no more than 50 wt-%, relative to all acids.
The acids may also be employed in the f)rm of derivatives, for example acid chlorides or esters.
Aliphatic polyester urethanes formed from ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign C) an ester portion formed from linear biful ctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, prefel ably butanediol, and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyclohexanedimethanol, and, optionally in addition, small quantities ~ ~f alcohols of higher functionality, for example 1,2,3-propanetriol or neope ltyl glycol, and also from linear bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic ~ if unctional acids, for example cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and te ephthalic acid, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids c f higher functionality, for example trimellitic acid, or D) from an ester portion formed from acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units, for example hydroxybutyric acid and hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives there( f, for example ~:-caprolactone, or from a mixture or a copolymer of C) and D' and E) from the reaction product of C) and/or ] )) with aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional isocyanates and, optional]y in addition, isocyanates of higher functionality, for example tetrametl.ylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, ~.nd, optionally in addition, with linearand/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional a: cohols and/or alcohols of higher functionality, for example ethylene glyeol, butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, whereby the ester portion C) and/or D) amou ItS to at least 75 wt-%, relative to the sum of C), D) and E).
30 Aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates forme d from ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign F) an ester portion formed from linear bifu utional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, preferably butanediol, and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example cyc]ohexanedimethanol, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher functionality, for example S 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, Ind also from linear bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid or adipic 2cid, and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example cycloh~ xanedicarboxylic acid, and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality, for example trimellitic acid, or G) from an ester portion formed fro n acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives there )f, for example ~-caprolactone, or from a mixture or a copolymer of F) and G I and H) from a carbonate portion which is produced from aromatic bifunctional phenols, preferably bisphenol A, and ca bonate donors, for example phosgene, whereby the ester portion F) andlor G) amo~ nts to at least 70 wt-%, relative to the sum of F), G) and H).
Aliphatic polyester amides formed from 25 I) an ester portion formed from linear andl or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, hexanedi~l or butanediol, preferably butanediol or cyclohexanedimethanol, and, optiolally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher functionality, for e~ample 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also from linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids, for example succinic acid, adipic acid, cy,,lohe~ne-licarboxylic acid, preferably ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign adipic acid and, optionally in additiol, small quantities of acids of higher functionality, for example trimellitic ac d, or K) from an ester portion formed frc m acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units, for example hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives ther~ of, for example ~-caprolactone, or from a mixture or a copolymer of I) and K and 10 L) from an amide portion fornaed from lilear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional amines and, optionally in addition, ~mall quantities of amines of higher functionality, for example tetramethyl~ne diamine, hexamethylene diamine, isophorone diamine, and also from linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and, optionally in addition, ~ mall quantities of acids of higher functionality, for example succinic acid or adipic acid, or M) from an amide portion formed fr ~m acid-functionalised and amine-functionalised structural units, prefer lbly cl)-laurolactam and, particulaLrly preferred, ~-caprolactam, or from a mixture of L) and M) as amide porti on, whereby the ester portion I) and/or K) amoults to at least 30 wt-%, relative to the sum of I), K), L) and M).
The biodegradable and compostible raw mate ials according to the invention may be furnished with processing aids and additives ~ uch as, for example, nucleation agents (for example, 1 ,5-naphthalenedisodium sulfon ate), stabilisers or lubricants.
30 The invention provides furthermore the us of a certain material class of the biodegradable and compostible polymers for producing the film, it being a question, ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign with this material class, of polyester amide. I 1 this connection the film according to the invention may be produced from a polyes er amide or from a mixture of various polyester amides.
5 The invention provides furthermore a process ~or producing the film according to the invention. This process is characterised in that the biodegradable and compostible material or materials is/are firstly broken dov n by the action of heat and shear, this melt is discharged in a tool, is cooled do~m until it solidifies, is subsequently regulated in the case of partially crystalline materials to tempcldluies below the 10 crystallite melting-temperature and in th~ case of amorphous materials to tempeldlules above the glass transition temperature and is subsequently biaxially stretched once or several times. After the stre tching stage or stages, in each instance a fixation of the film may optionally be effecl ed. After the stretching processes and the possibly prevailing fixing stages, the filnr that has consequently been produced 15 may possibly be subjected to in-line surface Frctlcallllent. The plcllc~ ent may be carried out with a corona, a flame, a plasma or with an oxidative substance or mixture of substances in such a way as to result in an increase in the surface tension on the film.
20 The invention provides furthermore a process for stretching the film. The biaxial stretching may be effected in a simultaneou i stretching process or in a two-stage sequential process, whereby stretching may be effected both firstly longitudinally and then transversely and firstly transversely and then longih1-lin~11y, or in a three-stage sequential process, whereby stretcl ing may be effected both firstly 25 longihl~lin~lly~ then transversely and finally ~ongi~l~1in~11y, and firstly transversely then longihl~lin~lly and finally transversely, or in a four-stage sequential process, whereby stretching may be effected both fi stly longihlt1in~11y, then transversely, then longitudinally and finally transver ely and firstly transversely, then longitudinally, then transversely and fina~ ly longitl1~in~11y. Each individual 30 stretching may possibly be immediately follr)wed by a fixation of the film. The ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign individual stretching, both in the longitud nal direction and in the transverse direction, may be effected in one stage or in s~ veral stages.
In a preferred form of the film according to the invention the biaxial stretching is 5 characterised in that it is a question of a s~quential process beginning with the longitudinal stretching.
In a still more preferred form of the film ~ccording to the invention the biaxial stretching is characterised in that the overall stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction amounts to 1: 1.5 to 1 : 10 and the c verall stretching ratio in the transverse direction amounts to 1: 2 to 1: 20.
In a still more preferred form of the film ~ccording to the invention the biaxial stretching is characterised in that the overall stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction amounts to 1: 2.8 to 1: 8 and the overall stretching ratio in the transverse direction amounts to 1: 3.8 to 1: 15.
In a still more preferred form of the film acc )rding to the invention the latter has a thickness that is less than 500 llm.
In a still more preferred form of the film acc )rding to the invention the latter has a thickness that is less than 80 ~lm.
The invention provides fi~rthermore the apFlication of the film according to the25 invention. The use of this film as a solo filln in pretreated or non-p,t;lleated form and also in printed or non-printed form for pa~ kaging in the food and non-food fields or as a solo film in pretreated or non-pretre~ ted form for greenhouse coverings or mulch films in the fields of horticulture or ~griculture or, finished so as to form sacks, for the storage and transport of materi lls, for example biowaste, or as a solo 30 film in pretreated or non-pretreated form for protective and separating functions in cormection with cosmetics and sanitar,v articll s, for example for nappies or sanitary . CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign g towels, or as a solo film in pretreated or non pretreated form for surface protection or surface fini~hing in the field of cardboard l~min~tion, paper l~min~tion and window-envelope l~min~tion or as a finis~ed film which can be employed in e~led or non-pl~lle~led form and also in printed or non-printed form and also, 5 provided with adhesive, as a label or an adh~ sive tape comes into consideration by way of application. With a view to impro~ing the pleS~ adhesion or bonding properties, the surface of the film can be pretreated during production andlor subsequently during further processing with a corona, a flame, a plasma or with another oxidative substance or mixture of sub itances in such a way as to result in an 10 increase in the surface tension.
The invention provides furthermore the apFlication of the film according to the invention in a composite film. In this conne,tion it may likewise be a question, in the case of the other films of the composite, c f biodegradable and compostible films l S or also of non-degradable film. Likewise, th~ adhesives employed may pertain both to the biodegradable and compostible raw m iterials and to normal non-degradablesystems.
In a particularly preferred form of the app ication of this film according to the 20 invention only substances that are biodegrad~ ble and compostible are employed for the purpose of producing a composite film, so that the overall composite is likewise biodegradable and compostible.
The invention provides furthermore the ap~lication of the film according to the 25 invention as primary material for the produc ion of a bag that releases its contents after decomposition as a result of the biologi ,al degradation process. The bag may be produced by adhesion bonding and also b~ sealing of the film and may either be closed or may possess an opening with an app ropriate seal or connection.
30 The invention provides furthermore the a~plication of the film or composites according to the invention as primary materi; ~1 for the production of a p~c1~ging or WW 5466-Foreign separating or surface-protecting film having ~ ery high water-vapour permeability, in that said film is pierced by a cold or temperature-regulated needle roller. The end use of this film is the packaging of goods that emit moisture, for example bread or various kinds of vegetable, or as a separating and protecting film in the sanitary 5 field.
. CA 02261971 1999-01-22 W~ 5466-Forei~n Example 1 A biodegradable polyester amide having a melt viscosity of 250 Pas at 190~C
(measured in accordance with DIN 54 811 - B) and also a melting-point of 125~C, measured according to ISO 3146 / C2, w~s biaxially stretched subject to the following process parameters. The m~ximun extrusion-temperature amounted to 205~C. Correspondingly, the constant-tem~erature zones of the extruder were regulated to a maximum of 182~C and also t~e tool was regulated to a m~imllm of 205~C. The melt was cooled as a flat fi]m on a cooling roller mill at roller temperatures of 20~C. A solid, thick film was formed which was heated up to stretching-temperature in the next process step by constant-te~ )el~ e rollers having temperatures of 65~C. The actual ~tretching rollers were operated at a temperature of 70~C. In this process, first~y the flat film was stretched in thelongitudinal direction in two stages, once by a ratio of 1: 1.5 and then by a ratio of 1 : 2.5. Consequently, an overall stretching rati o in the longitudinal direction resulted of 1: 3.75. The reheating rollers, over which the film then ran, had a temperature of 85~C. The preheating zones of the transvers~-stretching furnace were regulated to 100~C. The temperature in the actual transv/:rse-stretching part amounted to 95~C.
Here the film was stretched in the trans~ erse direction by a ratio of 1 : 5.
Consequently, an arithmetical area-stretching ratio resulted of 1: 18.75. After the transverse stretching, the film was fixed at a temperature of 105~C. The speed of production at the outlet of the transverse stret~ hing amounted to 32.0 m/min. A film having a thickness of 46 ~m was able to be pr )duced.
Example 2 The same biodegradable polyester amide fr~ m Example 1 was worked under the process conditions of Example 1 that have b~ en described so as to form a biaxially oriented film. As a result of lowering the e~trusion speed, a film was produced in this case having a thickness of 24 llm.
WW 5466-Foreign Comparative Example 1 The same biodegradable polyester amide from Examples 1 and 2 was worked on a film-blowing appalalus. The melting-temF erature measured at the nozzle exit S amounted to 152~C. In this connection the c~ linder temperature of the extruder was regulated to max. 145~C and the nozzle was r~ gulated to 145~C. The diameter of the nozzle employed amounted to 400 mm. The horizontal width of the film that was produced amounted to 9S0 mm. The film w lS produced at a drawing-off speed of 6.3 m/min. The thickness of the blown film a nounted to 30 llm.
The following physical properties and comFostibility in respect of the specimensproduced were measured as follows:
Mechanical properties:
lS The mechanical variables constituted by tear resistance and elongation at tear were determined in respect of the specimens, both n the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, in accordance with DIN 53 455. The modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal and transverse directions was determined in accordance with DIN53 457. The thickness of the individual spe~imens was determined in accordance with DIN 53 370. With a view to ascertainilg the piercing force and the piercingdistance, the specimens were analysed by the ~iaxial piercing test in accordance with DIN 53 373.
Permeation The oxygen permeability of the specimens w Is determined in accordance with DIN
53 380 at 23~C test-temperature and at 0 % relative humidity. The water-vapour permeability was carried out in accordance with DIN 53 122 at a test-temperature of 23~C and at 85 % relative humidity.
WW 5466-Foreign .
Optics By way of optical properties, the surface lustI~ in accordance with DIN 67 530 at a test-angle of 20~ and the haze in accordance w ith ASTM D 1003 were determined in respect of the films. The lustre on both sides of the film was measured. An S averaging of the values alscertained in this process was then carried out, and this average was presented as the result.
Compostibility The compostibility was carried out in accordance with the test specification of DIN
draft standard DIN 54 900 Part 3 dated 199 ). On the basis of the results of theinvestigation, the film specimens are g~ aded in the corresponding cla~ss, corresponding to the DIN standards.
The results of the investigations in respect of he specimens from Examples 1 and 2 15 and also from Comparative Example 1 are list~ d in Table 1.
WW 5466-Foreign Table 1 Example 1 Example2 Comparative Example 1 Mechanical properties Thickness [~lm] 46 24 30 Modulus of elasticity, 226 252 296 longitudinal [MPa]
Modulus of elasticity, 292 306 392 transverse [MPa]
Tear resistance, longitudinal 90 91 61 [MPa]
Tear resistance, transverse [MPa] 109 111 50 Elongation at tear, longitudinal 224 186 388 [%]
Elongation at tear, transverse [%] 111 75 639 Piercing force rN] 227 151 47 Piercing distance [rnm] 18 16 38 Permeation Oxygen 23~C/0 % rel. hum. 384 690 1270 [cm31mld/bar]
Water vapour 23~C/85 % rel. 200 300 360 hurn. [g/m /d]
Optics Lustre [GE] 110 120 3.1 Haze [%] 14 3.3 38.9 Compostibility Biodegradability yes yes yes
20 The invention provides furthermore a process for stretching the film. The biaxial stretching may be effected in a simultaneou i stretching process or in a two-stage sequential process, whereby stretching may be effected both firstly longitudinally and then transversely and firstly transversely and then longih1-lin~11y, or in a three-stage sequential process, whereby stretcl ing may be effected both firstly 25 longihl~lin~lly~ then transversely and finally ~ongi~l~1in~11y, and firstly transversely then longihl~lin~lly and finally transversely, or in a four-stage sequential process, whereby stretching may be effected both fi stly longihlt1in~11y, then transversely, then longitudinally and finally transver ely and firstly transversely, then longitudinally, then transversely and fina~ ly longitl1~in~11y. Each individual 30 stretching may possibly be immediately follr)wed by a fixation of the film. The ~ CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign individual stretching, both in the longitud nal direction and in the transverse direction, may be effected in one stage or in s~ veral stages.
In a preferred form of the film according to the invention the biaxial stretching is 5 characterised in that it is a question of a s~quential process beginning with the longitudinal stretching.
In a still more preferred form of the film ~ccording to the invention the biaxial stretching is characterised in that the overall stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction amounts to 1: 1.5 to 1 : 10 and the c verall stretching ratio in the transverse direction amounts to 1: 2 to 1: 20.
In a still more preferred form of the film ~ccording to the invention the biaxial stretching is characterised in that the overall stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction amounts to 1: 2.8 to 1: 8 and the overall stretching ratio in the transverse direction amounts to 1: 3.8 to 1: 15.
In a still more preferred form of the film acc )rding to the invention the latter has a thickness that is less than 500 llm.
In a still more preferred form of the film acc )rding to the invention the latter has a thickness that is less than 80 ~lm.
The invention provides fi~rthermore the apFlication of the film according to the25 invention. The use of this film as a solo filln in pretreated or non-p,t;lleated form and also in printed or non-printed form for pa~ kaging in the food and non-food fields or as a solo film in pretreated or non-pretre~ ted form for greenhouse coverings or mulch films in the fields of horticulture or ~griculture or, finished so as to form sacks, for the storage and transport of materi lls, for example biowaste, or as a solo 30 film in pretreated or non-pretreated form for protective and separating functions in cormection with cosmetics and sanitar,v articll s, for example for nappies or sanitary . CA 02261971 1999-01-22 WW 5466-Foreign g towels, or as a solo film in pretreated or non pretreated form for surface protection or surface fini~hing in the field of cardboard l~min~tion, paper l~min~tion and window-envelope l~min~tion or as a finis~ed film which can be employed in e~led or non-pl~lle~led form and also in printed or non-printed form and also, 5 provided with adhesive, as a label or an adh~ sive tape comes into consideration by way of application. With a view to impro~ing the pleS~ adhesion or bonding properties, the surface of the film can be pretreated during production andlor subsequently during further processing with a corona, a flame, a plasma or with another oxidative substance or mixture of sub itances in such a way as to result in an 10 increase in the surface tension.
The invention provides furthermore the apFlication of the film according to the invention in a composite film. In this conne,tion it may likewise be a question, in the case of the other films of the composite, c f biodegradable and compostible films l S or also of non-degradable film. Likewise, th~ adhesives employed may pertain both to the biodegradable and compostible raw m iterials and to normal non-degradablesystems.
In a particularly preferred form of the app ication of this film according to the 20 invention only substances that are biodegrad~ ble and compostible are employed for the purpose of producing a composite film, so that the overall composite is likewise biodegradable and compostible.
The invention provides furthermore the ap~lication of the film according to the 25 invention as primary material for the produc ion of a bag that releases its contents after decomposition as a result of the biologi ,al degradation process. The bag may be produced by adhesion bonding and also b~ sealing of the film and may either be closed or may possess an opening with an app ropriate seal or connection.
30 The invention provides furthermore the a~plication of the film or composites according to the invention as primary materi; ~1 for the production of a p~c1~ging or WW 5466-Foreign separating or surface-protecting film having ~ ery high water-vapour permeability, in that said film is pierced by a cold or temperature-regulated needle roller. The end use of this film is the packaging of goods that emit moisture, for example bread or various kinds of vegetable, or as a separating and protecting film in the sanitary 5 field.
. CA 02261971 1999-01-22 W~ 5466-Forei~n Example 1 A biodegradable polyester amide having a melt viscosity of 250 Pas at 190~C
(measured in accordance with DIN 54 811 - B) and also a melting-point of 125~C, measured according to ISO 3146 / C2, w~s biaxially stretched subject to the following process parameters. The m~ximun extrusion-temperature amounted to 205~C. Correspondingly, the constant-tem~erature zones of the extruder were regulated to a maximum of 182~C and also t~e tool was regulated to a m~imllm of 205~C. The melt was cooled as a flat fi]m on a cooling roller mill at roller temperatures of 20~C. A solid, thick film was formed which was heated up to stretching-temperature in the next process step by constant-te~ )el~ e rollers having temperatures of 65~C. The actual ~tretching rollers were operated at a temperature of 70~C. In this process, first~y the flat film was stretched in thelongitudinal direction in two stages, once by a ratio of 1: 1.5 and then by a ratio of 1 : 2.5. Consequently, an overall stretching rati o in the longitudinal direction resulted of 1: 3.75. The reheating rollers, over which the film then ran, had a temperature of 85~C. The preheating zones of the transvers~-stretching furnace were regulated to 100~C. The temperature in the actual transv/:rse-stretching part amounted to 95~C.
Here the film was stretched in the trans~ erse direction by a ratio of 1 : 5.
Consequently, an arithmetical area-stretching ratio resulted of 1: 18.75. After the transverse stretching, the film was fixed at a temperature of 105~C. The speed of production at the outlet of the transverse stret~ hing amounted to 32.0 m/min. A film having a thickness of 46 ~m was able to be pr )duced.
Example 2 The same biodegradable polyester amide fr~ m Example 1 was worked under the process conditions of Example 1 that have b~ en described so as to form a biaxially oriented film. As a result of lowering the e~trusion speed, a film was produced in this case having a thickness of 24 llm.
WW 5466-Foreign Comparative Example 1 The same biodegradable polyester amide from Examples 1 and 2 was worked on a film-blowing appalalus. The melting-temF erature measured at the nozzle exit S amounted to 152~C. In this connection the c~ linder temperature of the extruder was regulated to max. 145~C and the nozzle was r~ gulated to 145~C. The diameter of the nozzle employed amounted to 400 mm. The horizontal width of the film that was produced amounted to 9S0 mm. The film w lS produced at a drawing-off speed of 6.3 m/min. The thickness of the blown film a nounted to 30 llm.
The following physical properties and comFostibility in respect of the specimensproduced were measured as follows:
Mechanical properties:
lS The mechanical variables constituted by tear resistance and elongation at tear were determined in respect of the specimens, both n the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, in accordance with DIN 53 455. The modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal and transverse directions was determined in accordance with DIN53 457. The thickness of the individual spe~imens was determined in accordance with DIN 53 370. With a view to ascertainilg the piercing force and the piercingdistance, the specimens were analysed by the ~iaxial piercing test in accordance with DIN 53 373.
Permeation The oxygen permeability of the specimens w Is determined in accordance with DIN
53 380 at 23~C test-temperature and at 0 % relative humidity. The water-vapour permeability was carried out in accordance with DIN 53 122 at a test-temperature of 23~C and at 85 % relative humidity.
WW 5466-Foreign .
Optics By way of optical properties, the surface lustI~ in accordance with DIN 67 530 at a test-angle of 20~ and the haze in accordance w ith ASTM D 1003 were determined in respect of the films. The lustre on both sides of the film was measured. An S averaging of the values alscertained in this process was then carried out, and this average was presented as the result.
Compostibility The compostibility was carried out in accordance with the test specification of DIN
draft standard DIN 54 900 Part 3 dated 199 ). On the basis of the results of theinvestigation, the film specimens are g~ aded in the corresponding cla~ss, corresponding to the DIN standards.
The results of the investigations in respect of he specimens from Examples 1 and 2 15 and also from Comparative Example 1 are list~ d in Table 1.
WW 5466-Foreign Table 1 Example 1 Example2 Comparative Example 1 Mechanical properties Thickness [~lm] 46 24 30 Modulus of elasticity, 226 252 296 longitudinal [MPa]
Modulus of elasticity, 292 306 392 transverse [MPa]
Tear resistance, longitudinal 90 91 61 [MPa]
Tear resistance, transverse [MPa] 109 111 50 Elongation at tear, longitudinal 224 186 388 [%]
Elongation at tear, transverse [%] 111 75 639 Piercing force rN] 227 151 47 Piercing distance [rnm] 18 16 38 Permeation Oxygen 23~C/0 % rel. hum. 384 690 1270 [cm31mld/bar]
Water vapour 23~C/85 % rel. 200 300 360 hurn. [g/m /d]
Optics Lustre [GE] 110 120 3.1 Haze [%] 14 3.3 38.9 Compostibility Biodegradability yes yes yes
Claims (15)
1. Film, characterised in that it exhibits a b axial orientation and in that it consists of one or more polymers, all of which a e biodegradable and compostible, and also possibly contains additional additives for improving processability.
2. Film according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of the biodegradable polymer or polymers it is a question of aliphatic and partially aromatic polyesters formed from aliphatic and partially aromatic polyesters formed from A) linear bifunctional alcohols and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and, optionally in addition, small amounts of alcohols of higher functionality and also from linear bifunctional acids and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and/or, optionally, aromatic bifunctional acids and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality or B) from acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units or derivatives thereof or from a mixture or a copolymer of A) and B), whereby the aromatic acids make up a proportion of no more than 50 wt-%, relative to all acids, or from aliphatic polyester urethanes formed from C) an ester portion formed from linear bifunctional alcohols and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and, optionally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher functionality and also from linear bifunctional acids and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic bifunctional acids and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality or D) from an ester portion formed from acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units or derivatives thereof or from a mixture or a copolymer of C) and D) and E) from the reaction product of C) and/or D) with aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional isocyanates and, optionally in addition, isocyanates of higher functionality and, optionally in addition, with linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and/or alcohols of higher functionality, whereby the ester portion C) and/or D) amounts to at least 75 wt-%, relative to the sum of C), D) and E), or from aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates formed from F) an ester portion formed from linear bifunctional alcohols and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and, optionally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher functionality and also from linear bifunctional acids and/or, optionally, cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality or G) from an ester portion formed from acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units or derivatives thereof, or from a mixture or a copolymer of F) and G) and H) from a carbonate portion which is produced from aromatic bifunctional phenols and carbonate donors, whereby the ester portion F) and/or G) amounts to at least 75 wt-%, relative to the sum of F), G) and H), or from aliphatic polyester amides formed from I) an ester portion formed from linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols and, optionally in addition, small quantities of alcohols of higher functionality and also from linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality or K) from an ester portion formed from acid-functionalised and alcohol-functionalised structural units or derivatives thereof or from a mixture or a copolymer of I) and K) and L) from an amide portion formed from linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional amines and, optionally in addition, small quantities of amines of higher functionality and also from linear and/or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and, optionally in addition, small quantities of acids of higher functionality or M) from an amide portion formed from acid-functionalised and amine-functionalised structural units or from a mixture of L) and M) as amide portion, whereby the ester portion I) and/or K) amounts to at least 30 wt-%, relative to the sum of I), K), L) and M).
3. Film according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that in the case of the biodegradable and compostible polymer or polymers it is a question of polyester amides.
4. Film according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the biodegradable and compostible material or materials is/are firstly broken down by the action of heat and shear, this melt is discharged in a tool, is cooled down until it solidifies, is subsequently regulated in the case of partially crystalline materials to temperatures below the crystallite melting-temperature and in the case of amorphous materials to temperatures above the glass transition temperatures and is subsequently biaxially stretched once or several times and after the stretching or individual stretching operations is possibly fixed and after these stretching and fixing processes is possibly subjected to surface pretreatment.
5. Film according to claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the biaxial stretching is effected in a simultaneous stretching process or in a two-stage sequential process, whereby stretching may be effected both firstly longitudinally and then transversely and firstly transversely and then longitudinally, or in a three-stage sequential process, whereby stretching may be effected both firstly longitudinally, then transversely and finally longitudinally, and firstly transversely, then longitudinally and finally transversely, or in a four-stage sequential process, whereby stretching may be effected both firstly longitudinally, then transversely, then ongitudinally and finally transversely and firstly transversely, then longitudinally, then transversely and finally longitudinally, and each individual stretching may possibly be immediately followed by a fixation of the film.
6. Film according to claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the biaxial stretching is carried out in a sequential process beginning with the longitudinal stretching.
7. Film according to claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the overall stretchingratio in the longitudinal direction amounts to 1:1.5 to 1:10 and the overall stretching ratio in the transverse direction amounts to 1:2 to 1:20.
8. Film according to claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the overall stretchingratio in the longitudinal direction amounts to 1:2.8 to 1:8 and the overall stretching ratio in the transverse direction amounts to 1:3.8 to 1:15.
9. Film according to claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the thickness of the film amounts to less than 500 µm.
10. Film according to claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the thickness of the film amounts to less than 80 µm.
11. Use of the film according to claims 1 to 10 as a solo film in pretreated or non-pretreated form and also in printed or non-printed form for packaging in thefood and non-food fields or as a solo film in pretreated or non-pretreated form for greenhouse coverings or mulch films in the fields of horticulture or agriculture or, finished so as to form sacks, for the storage and transport of goods or as a solo film in pretreated or non-pretreated form and also in printedor non-printed form for protective and separating functions in connection with cosmetics and sanitary articles or as a solo film in pretreated or non-pretreated form for surface protection or surface finishing in the field of cardboard lamination, paper lamination and window-envelope lamination or as a finished film in pretreated or non-pretreated form and also in printed or non-printed form and, provided with adhesive, as a label or an adhesive tape.
12. Use of the film according to claims 1 to 10 for producing composites and/or laminates consisting of the same or different biodegradable and compostible films or is employed with other, non-biodegradable types of film, in which connection the adhesives that are used do not necessarily have to be biodegradable and compostible.
13. Use of the film according to claim 12, characterised in that all the films and adhesives employed in the composite and/or laminate are biodegradable and compostible and consequently the composite or the laminate itself is also biodegradable and compostible.
14. Use of the film according to claims 1 to 10 and also 12 and 13, characterised in that a bag is formed from this film or the composite or the laminate, said bag releasing its contents after decomposition as a result of the biological degradation process.
15. Use of the film according to claims 1 to 10 and also 12 and 13, characterised in that the film or composites according to the invention serves as primary material for producing a packaging of separating or protecting film having very high water-vapour permeability, in that said film is pierced by a cold or temperature-regulated needle roller.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19630235.8 | 1996-07-26 | ||
| DE19630235A DE19630235A1 (en) | 1996-07-26 | 1996-07-26 | Biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable film with improved properties |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2261971A1 true CA2261971A1 (en) | 1998-02-05 |
Family
ID=7800955
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002261971A Abandoned CA2261971A1 (en) | 1996-07-26 | 1997-07-14 | Biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable foil |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0914378A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001500174A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000029566A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1226273A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU731849B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9710576A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2261971A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19630235A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL128213A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998004626A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19811225A1 (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-09-30 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Improving the hydrolysis stability of films made from biodegradable polymers and processes for producing such films |
| DE19818740A1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-04 | Joachim Boesch | Vegetation-suppressing ground cover comprising plastic sheeting, preventing weed competition |
| DE19829991C2 (en) * | 1998-07-04 | 2001-08-30 | Mafo Systemtech Gmbh & Co Kg | Process for the production of a polylactide film |
| AU2001248770A1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-30 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo K K | Stretched polyester-amide film and process for producing the same |
| JP5028719B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2012-09-19 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Paper container |
| DE60215511T2 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2007-06-06 | H.B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc., St. Paul | BREATHABLE BIODEGRADABLE HOT GLAZE COMPOSITION |
| PT1602600T (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2020-01-24 | Novamont Spa | Ventilated system for the collection of organic waste |
| DE102008028394A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-31 | Amphenol-Tuchel Electronics Gmbh | Compostable packaging for electronic components |
| IT1403388B1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2013-10-17 | Gimsa S R L | BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITE TAPE WITH TRANSPARENT WINDOWS. |
| EP2589366A1 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-08 | IDT Biologika GmbH | Biodegradable film packaging for oral biologicals |
| ITPG20110034A1 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-09 | Polycart S R L | SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR BIODEGRADABLE ADHESIVE LABELS AND ITS APPLICATION METHOD |
| CN104263272A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-01-07 | 无锡市天聚科技有限公司 | Binding adhesive tape for vegetables and fruits |
| CN109722002A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-07 | 丹阳博亚新材料技术服务有限公司 | It is a kind of convenient for ventilative greenhouse film |
| DE202020106753U1 (en) | 2020-11-24 | 2022-02-28 | Aleithe Haftetiketten Gmbh | Multi-layer - preferably compostable - closure label |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2112327T3 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1998-04-01 | Clopay Corp | A BIODEGRADABLE THERMOPLASTIC FILM AND METHOD TO PRODUCE IT. |
| US5200247A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-04-06 | Clopay Corporation | Biodegradable film containing an alkanoyl polymer/PVA blend and method of making same |
| JPH06171664A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-06-21 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Film for packing coin |
| JP3307748B2 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 2002-07-24 | 大日本インキ化学工業株式会社 | Method for producing lactic acid-based copolyester |
| US6096431A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 2000-08-01 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Biodegradable cards |
| EP0736563A1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1996-10-09 | SAFTA S.p.A. | Process for the manufacture of totally bio-decomposable films with high mechanical characteristics and relevant products and applications |
| US5786408A (en) * | 1995-06-22 | 1998-07-28 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Biodegradable polyester resin composition, and a biodegradable molded article |
-
1996
- 1996-07-26 DE DE19630235A patent/DE19630235A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-07-14 BR BR9710576A patent/BR9710576A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-14 AU AU35435/97A patent/AU731849B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-07-14 JP JP10508431A patent/JP2001500174A/en active Pending
- 1997-07-14 IL IL12821397A patent/IL128213A0/en unknown
- 1997-07-14 EP EP97931811A patent/EP0914378A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-14 WO PCT/EP1997/003744 patent/WO1998004626A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-14 CA CA002261971A patent/CA2261971A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-14 KR KR1019997000624A patent/KR20000029566A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-14 CN CN97196769A patent/CN1226273A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19630235A1 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
| EP0914378A2 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
| BR9710576A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
| WO1998004626A3 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
| AU731849B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
| IL128213A0 (en) | 1999-11-30 |
| JP2001500174A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
| KR20000029566A (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| WO1998004626A2 (en) | 1998-02-05 |
| CN1226273A (en) | 1999-08-18 |
| AU3543597A (en) | 1998-02-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6841597B2 (en) | Ternary mixture of biodegradable polyesters and products obtained therefrom | |
| EP1449867B1 (en) | Window of polylactic acid based resin films | |
| US6960374B1 (en) | Biodegradable bag | |
| US7132490B2 (en) | Lactic acid-based resin composition | |
| AU731849B2 (en) | Biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostible film | |
| AU2010314181B2 (en) | Method for producing shrink films | |
| DE19811773A1 (en) | Opaque, biodegradable and compostable film for packaging fruit and vegetables and for covering plants or greenhouses | |
| EP1837363A1 (en) | Matte film or sheet | |
| WO2010038537A1 (en) | Polyglycol acid resin composition and molded body thereof | |
| JP2000273207A (en) | Polylactic acid-based film and its production | |
| AU725049B2 (en) | Monoaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable film having improved properties | |
| AU732420B2 (en) | Biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostible film | |
| DE19811226A1 (en) | Multi-layer, thermoplastic films made of polyester amide and process for their production | |
| EP4406990A1 (en) | Biodegradable polymeric composition, its production method and respective uses | |
| WO2024157232A1 (en) | Biodegradable polymeric composition, its production method and respective uses | |
| JP4318440B2 (en) | Biodegradable film and method for producing the same | |
| CA2354514A1 (en) | Biodegradable, thermoplastic shaped bodies exhibiting an improved stability with regard to hydrolysis and an improved resistance to stress cracking | |
| WO2021201186A1 (en) | Biodegradable resin composition and molded article | |
| DE19811225A1 (en) | Improving the hydrolysis stability of films made from biodegradable polymers and processes for producing such films | |
| DE19954405A1 (en) | Multi-layer, biodegradable, thermoplastic films and processes for their production and their use as packaging material and in cosmetic and hygiene articles |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |